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AS 2205.1-2003 Methods for destructive testing of welds in metal - General
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 1 AS 2205.1—2003

Australian Standard™
AS 2205.1

Method for destructive testing of welds in metal

Method 1: General requirements for tests

PREFACE

This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee WD-006, Testing of
Welds, to supersede AS 2205.1—1997.
Licensed to Arthur Edward Sanderson on 07 Oct 2005. 1 user personal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.

The objective of this edition is to update the Standard and include editorial changes in
accordance with current Standards Australia editorial policy.
The term ‘informative’ has been used in this Standard to define the application of the
appendix to which it applies. An ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and
guidance.

METHOD

1 SCOPE
This Standard sets out general requirements for test methods for the destructive testing of
welded or brazed joints, such test methods being intended for use unless other procedures
are specified by the relevant application Standard.

2 APPLICATION
Tests to be specified by reference to these standard methods should include the generic
number of the Standard, the method and the test.

3 REFERENCED DOCUMENT
The following document is referred to in this Standard:
AS
2812 Welding, brazing and cutting of metals—Glossary of terms

4 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in AS 2812 and those below apply.
4.1 Face surface of weld
(a) Where the joint is welded from one side, the side from which the weld is made,
usually that containing the largest width of weld.
(b) Where the joint is welded from both sides, the side from which most welding is
carried out or, if equal, the side from which welding first commenced.

© Standards Australia
 AS 2205.1—2003 2

(c) Where the welding energy is not introduced from the side (e.g., electroslag, flashbutt
welding), either side may be nominated, except for pipe and pressure vessels welds.
(d) In a pipe, the outer surface.
4.2 Root surface of weld
The opposite side to the face surface.
4.3 Side surface of weld
A transverse cross-section of the whole weld joint.
4.4 Weld zone
The zone containing the weld metal and the heat-affected zone.
NOTES:
1 Information on the details of a two-sided weld deposit may be obtained, where necessary, by
etching a cross-section of the welded joint.
2 Face, root or side test specimens are used for assessment of metal at, or near, the face surface,
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the root surface or the whole depth of the weld zone, respectively. The test results obtained on
any given weldment may vary according to which of the above types of specimen is chosen.
4.5 Pipe
A hollow cylinder, generally used for conveying fluids. Throughout this Standard, the word
‘pipe’ is taken to be synonymous with the word ‘tube’.

5 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN

5.1 Preparation
Test pieces shall be prepared in accordance with the appropriate application Standard.
Where there is no application Standard, representative test pieces shall be prepared using
the welding procedures and materials specified for the welded joint. The test pieces shall be
of sufficient size to yield the required number of test specimens plus retests if these are
permitted. In some circumstances, test pieces may be cut from the welded joint, or from a
special test coupon plate attached at the end of the weld run.
NOTES:
1 Angular misalignment between parent materials in the transverse axis of a butt-welded joint
may introduce errors in the results of some tests and, therefore; should not exceed 5°.
2 Where practicable, machining should be in the longitudinal direction of the test specimen, as
transverse tool marks may induce localization of stress in some tests and cause premature
failure.
5.2 Separation of test specimen
The test specimens shall be cut from the test piece by any method that does not change the
properties of those parts of the test specimens to be examined.
5.3 Removal of affected material
For test specimens separated by shear or thermal cutting, any material strained or heat-
affected during separation shall be completely removed, unless exempted by the application
Standard.
5.4 Preparation of surfaces (full thickness tests)
When the surfaces of full thickness test specimens are being prepared, the following
conditions shall apply, unless otherwise specified for the appropriate test or by the
application Standard:
(a) Weld reinforcement and root penetration shall not be removed from the face or root
surfaces.

 Standards Australia www.standards.com.au

 3 AS 2205.1—2003

(b) Where removal of weld reinforcement, backing and root penetration is specified, both
surfaces shall be lightly dressed, so that the original surfaces of the parent materials
are not wholly removed.
(c) Where abutting surfaces of equal thickness plates are not level with one another, one
parent material may be machined at each surface of the weld to a depth of not more
than 1 mm or 5% of the original thickness of the parent material, whichever is the
lesser.
(d) Where plates of unequal thickness are used in preparation of the test piece, the
surfaces of the thicker plate shall be machined to align with the surfaces of the
thinner plate.
5.5 Heat treatment
5.5.1 General
The test pieces shall not be heat treated unless—
(a) heat treatment of the test piece is specified in the application Standard; or
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(b) the welded part that it represents is to be heat treated.

5.5.2 Test piece and component heat treated together
Where heat treatment of the welded component is required, the test piece shall, wherever
possible, be heat treated with or as part of the welded component, unless otherwise
specified.
5.5.3 Test piece and component heat treated separately
Where heat treatment together with the welded component is not possible, and where the
application Standard permits otherwise, the test piece may be heat treated separately. In
such cases, the heat treatment procedure, temperature, cooling rates and other conditions
shall reasonably represent the conditions applied to the welded component.

6 SELECTION OF TESTS
To provide adequate evaluation of a joint, one or more of the tests described in the AS 2205
series (see Note) may be required. The choice of tests and the number of test specimens
shall be as specified in the application Standard.
NOTE: For a list of the AS 2205 series of Standards, see Appendix A.
While the all-weld-metal tensile test and the Charpy V-notch impact test are widely used in
the testing of production welds, they may also be used as part of the parameters in the
qualification of welding consumables or welding procedures.
It may not be possible to perform some of the bend tests properly where the yield strength
and strain-hardening properties differ markedly between the parent metal, the heat-affected
zone and the weld metal. Also, it may not be possible to apply the Charpy V-notch test to
production structural weldments, owing to the small width or angle of inclination of the
heat-affected zone. In these cases, alternative tests may need to be chosen.

7 TEMPERATURE OF TESTS
Unless otherwise specified in the application Standard, the tests shall be carried out at
ambient temperature.

www.standards.com.au  Standards Australia

 AS 2205.1—2003 4

APPENDIX A
THE AS 2205 SERIES OF STANDARDS
(Informative)
The following is a list of the AS 2205 series of Standards:
AS
2205 Methods for destructive testing of welds in metal
2205.1 Method 1: General requirements for tests
2205.2.1 Method 2.1: Transverse butt tensile test
2205.2.2 Method 2.2: All-weld-metal tensile test
2205.2.3 Method 2.3: Transverse joggle-butt tensile test
2205.3.1 Method 3.1: Transverse guided bend test
2205.3.2 Method 3.2: Transverse free bend test
2205.3.3 Method 3.3: Longitudinal guided bend test
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2205.3.4 Method 3.4: Transverse joggle-butt wrap-around bend test

2205.3.5 Method 3.5: Tongue bend test
2205.4.1 Method 4.1: Nick-break test
2205.4.2 Method 4.2: Fillet break test
2205.5.1 Method 5.1: Macro metallographic test for cross-section examination
2205.6.1 Method 6.1: Weld joint hardness test
2205.7.1 Method 7.1: Charpy V-notch impact fracture toughness test
2205.7.2 Method 7.2: Dropweight fracture toughness test for nil-ductility transition
temperature
2205.7.3 Method 7.3: Fracture mechanics toughness tests (KIc, critical CTOD and
critical J values)
2205.8.1 Method 8.1: Longitudinal fillet shear test
2205.8.2 Method 8.2: Transverse fillet shear test
2205.9.1 Method 9.1: Hot cracking test
2205.10.1 Method 10.1: Corrosion test for welded austenitic stainless steel

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NOTES
AS 2205.1—2003
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AS 2205.1—2003
6

NOTES
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NOTES
AS 2205.1—2003
 AS 2205.1—2003 8

This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee WD-006, Testing of Welds. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards
Australia on 21 March 2003 and published on 15 April 2003.

The following are represented on Committee WD-006:

Australian Railway Association
AUSTROADS
Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia
National Association of Testing Authorities Australia
Welding Technology Institute of Australia
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Originated as AS B301.1—1971.
Previous edition A 2205.1—1997.
Fourth edition 2003.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 02619.

COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia International
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher.
Published by Standards Australia International Ltd
GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 5173 3 Printed in Australia