savle wereTlis filosofiis instituti

mixeil maxaraZe

areopagitika

filosofiuri msoflmxedveloba,
filosofiuri da Teologiuri wyaroebi, gavlena

gamomcemloba inteleqti
Tbilisi
 wignis gamocemaSi gaweuli mxardaWerisTvis
madlobas vuxdi „bazisbanks“.

monografiaSi ganxilulia V-VI saukuneebis mijnaze Seq­ m­

nili umniSvnelovanesi religiur-filosofiuri moZRvrebis –
areopagitikis filosofiuri da Teologiuri wyaroebi, masSi
mocemuli filosofiuri ideebi da gavlenebi.
dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad monografiaSi ganxilulia pla-
tonis filosofia, neoplatonizmi (plotine da prokle), kapa-
dokiel mamaTa (basili didi, grigol nazianzeli, grigol no-
seli) msoflmxedveloba, areopagituli filosofia (moZRvreba
pirvel erTze, katafatikuri da apofatikuri meTodebis ana-
lizi, sikeTis idea da sxv.) da areopagituli gavlena (maqsi-
me aRmsarebeli, ioane damaskeli, ioane skot eriugena, Toma
akvineli, maister ekharti, nikoloz kuzaneli).
specialuri Tavi eZRvneba areopagituli moZRvrebis mni-
Svnelobas qarTuli kulturisTvis.
gankuTvnilia specialistebisa da humanitarul mecniere-
biT dainteresebul mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisTvis.

redaqtori – sergi avaliani

filosofiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

recenzentebi: revaz balanCivaZe

filosofiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

guli ServaSiZe
filosofiis doqtori

aleqsandre aladaSvili
filosofiis doqtori

© mixeil maxaraZe, 2011.

ISBN 978-9941-439-00-1 © gamomcemloba `inteleqti~, 2011.
 vuZRvni akademikosebis:
Salva nucubiZisa da
Salva xidaSelis xsovnas

avtorisgan

qarTuli filosofiisa da filosofiuri azris Camoya-

libebaSi didi roli Seasrula V-VI saukuneebis mijnaze
Seqmnilma areopagitikis saxeliT cnobilma religiur-fi-
losofiurma moZRvrebam, romelic gadmocemulia oTx tra-
qtatsa da aT werilSi (epistoleSi)1.
areopagituli Txzulebebi XI saukunis meore naxevarSi
qarTulad Targmna efrem mcirem da misi gavlena qarTul
kulturaze maSinve TvalsaCino gaxda. Tumca saukuneebis
ganmavlobaSi es moZRvreba CrdilSi iyo moqceuli da amis
mizezi unda yofiliyo misi msoflmxedvelobrivi mrwamsi,
romelic azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwvevda. kerZod, areopagi-
tika monofizitur Zeglad iyo miCneuli, rac gzas uRobav-
da mas qarTul marTlmadideblur sinamdvileSi (diofizi­
tebSi) srulyofilad damkvidrebas.
xangrZlivi dumilis Semdeg Cvens sinamdvileSi areopa­
gituli Txzulebebi pirvelad moixsenia sergi gorgaZem

areopagituli sakiTxebis istoria, Targmanebi da avtorobis

1

problema, dawvrilebiT ixileT samson enuqaSvilis (1919-

1996) Sesaval werilSi – `petre iberielis (fsevdo-dionise
areopagelis) Sromebis ZvelqarTuli Targmani da masTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi~. ix. petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise
areopageli). Sromebi. gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni
daurTo samson enuqaSvilma. Tb., 1961, gv. 015-0199.

3
werilSi – `neoplatonuri filosofiis erTi uZvelesi
kvalTagani qarTul mwerlobaSi (fsevdo-dionise areopage-
lis TxzulebaTa qarTuli Targmani)~, romelic gamoqveynda
krebulSi – `Cveni mecniereba~ (1923, #1, gv. 65-74).
werilSi s. gorgaZe mokled mimoixilavs areopagituli
krebulis qarTul Targmans, qarTul xelnawerTa istorias,
am xelnawerTa urTierTmimarTebas da sxv.
Semdeg areopagituli Txzulebebi gaxda akad. Salva nu-
cubiZis sagangebo kvlevis sagani da am kvlevis safuZvelze
avtori mivida im daskvnamde, rom areopagitikis avtoria V
saukunis gamoCenili qarTveli saeklesio moRvawe pales­
tinaSi, maiumis episkoposi petre iberi (411-491).
axlo warsulSi areopagitul moZRvrebas sxvadasxva
kuTxiT (avtorobis sakiTxi, filosofiuri da Teologiuri
problematika) ikvlevdnen S. xidaSeli, v. nozaZe, a. gawere­
lia, iv. lolaSvili, r. TvaraZe, m. nemsaZe, g. TevzaZe, e. xi­
n­TibiZe, b. baraTeli, l. zaqaraZe, m. maWavariani, d. sumbaZe,
a. xaranauli.
areopagituli moZRvrebis irgvliv kvleva-Zieba davi-
wye gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebidan da mas Semdeg vikvlev
areopagitikis filosofiur wyaroebs, filosofiur prob-
lemebsa da gavlenebs. am sakiTxebs mivuZRveni araerTi naS-
romi, maT Soris sami monografia. pirveli etapi – TiTqmis
10-wliani kvleva-Zieba dasrulda sadoqtoro disertaciis
dacviT (1989). 1991 wels sadoqtoro sadisertacio naSromi
gamovaqveyne monografiis saxiT – `Философское содержание
ареопагитики~.
areopagitikis irgvliv kvleva-Zieba SemdegSic gavagr-
Zele da ZiriTadad vikvlevdi areopagituli moZRvrebis
mimarTebas winamaval Teologiur msoflmxedvelobebTan
(avgustine, basili didi, grigol noseli, ioane oqropiri)
da mis gavlenebs. am mimarTebiT kvlevisas adreul gamokv-
levebs (maqsime aRmsarebeli, ioane damaskeli, ioane skot
eriugena, �������������������������������������������
maister������������������������������������
ekharti da nikoloz�����������������
������������������������
kuzaneli) daema-

4
ta Toma akvinelis filosofi���������������������������
is�������������������������
������������������������
mimarTeba���������������
��������������
areopagitikas-
Tan. specialurad winamdebare naSromisTvis gamovikvlie
grigol nazianzelis RvTismetyvelebasTan areopagitikis
damokidebuleba, riTac saboloo saxe mieca kapadokiel
mamaTa msoflmxedvelobasTan areopagituli moZRvrebis
mimarTebas. aseve, winamdebare naSromisTvis Seviswavle da
ganvixile��������������������������������������������
areopagitul��������������������������������
i�������������������������������
������������������������������
moZRvrebis��������������������
�������������������
gavlena������������
qarTul ����
kul-
turaze.
areopagituli moZRvrebis kvlevisas gverds ver avu-
vlidi am moZRvrebis avtorobis sakiTxs, rasac adre sami
naSromi mivuZRveni (1982, 1997 da 2009 wlebSi). am axal
monografiaSi kvlav davubrundi am sakiTxs, Sevavse igi
axali monacemebiT. imis miuxedavad, rom es ar aris wminda
filosofiuri kvleva, mainc mizanSewonilad CavTvale da
Sevitane igi am axal naSromSi pirvel Tavad.
winamdebare naSromi im saerTo saqmis gagrZelebaa,
romelsac saTave daudo sergi gorgaZem zemoT naxsenebi
weriliT.
areopagitikis, gansakuTrebiT am moZRvrebis filosofi-
uri msoflmxedvelobis sakiTxebis mravalmxrivi kvleva aka-
demikosebis Salva nucubiZisa da Salva xidaSelis saxelebs
ukavSirdeba. Cemi kvleva-Zieba, romlis Sedegebic Sesulia
am axal, Semajamebel naSromSi, arsebiTad nucubiZisa da xi-
daSelis kvlevebis gaRrmaveba-ganviTarebis mcdelobaa.
areopagituli problemebze Cemi kvlevebi S. xidaSelis
jer uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT, Semdeg ki masTan intensi-
uri TanamSromlobiT mimdinareobda da igi grZeldeboda
25 wels – xidaSelis gardacvalebamde.
aqve minda aRvniSno akademikos guram TevzaZis didi
wvli­li da Tanadgoma areopagitikis problemebze muSaobi-
sas. kerZod, man pirvelma waikiTxa Cemi sadoqtoro diserta­
ciis – `areopagitikis filosofiuri Sinaarsis~ xelnaweri
da gamoTqva sayuradRebo SeniSvnebi da sabolood misi
dadebiTi Sefasebis safuZvelze sadisertacio naSroms

5
mieca Semdgomi msvleloba, romelic dasrulda diserta­
ciis warmatebuli dacviTa da Semdgom umaRles saatesta-
cio komisiaSi (BAK-Si) drouli damtkicebiT. arada, maSin
am saxis sadisertacio naSromis (isic sadoqtoro��������
s) damt-
kicebas BAK-Si, rogorc wesi, didi problemebi eqmneboda.
sagangebod unda aRiniSnos winamdebare naSromis
redaqtoris, saqarTvelos filosofiur mecnierebaTa aka-
demiis prezidentis sergi avalianis Rvawlze. is mokle
droSi gaecno naSroms, gamoTqva principuli xasiaTis
SeniSvnebi da saerTod didad gaisarja, rom naSromi ufro
daxvewiliyo da srulyofili saxe mieRo.

6
 Sesavali

neoplatonizmi gardamavali epoqis filosofiuri

sistemaa, romelic warmoadgens antikuri filosofi-
uri memkvidreobis originalur sinTezs, rac ZiriTadad
pirvelmizezisa (RmerTis) da samyaros erTianobis Tval-
sazrisiT gamoixateba. neoplatonikosebi am principis
gatarebisas winamaval filosofiur sistemebs emyarebod-
nen. neoplatonuri filosofiis ZiriTadi principebis
CamoyalibebaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqonda platonisa
da aristoteles msoflmxedvelobebs. neoplatonikosebma
mniSvnelovnad ganaviTares platonis moZRvreba sikeTis
ideaze, romelic mocemulia dialog `saxelmwifos~ VI
wignSi da aristoteles Tvalsazrisi miznobriv mizezze.
platonisa da aristoteles TvalsazrisTa gaerTianebis
safuZvelze ki, neoplatonikosebma Camoayalibes sakuTari
originaluri moZRvreba pirvel erTze. erTze moZRvreba
gvxdeba platonTanac. aristotele, stoelebi da neopla-
tonikosebi ama Tu im saxiT aviTarebdnen am mimarTulebiT
platonizms1. magram neoplatonikosebis erTi, sxvebisgan
gansxvavebiT, aris pirvelmizezi, romlisganac sinamdvile
aucileblobiT gamomdinareobs. es ki, garkveuli azriT, sa-
myaros, rogorc erTiani mTelis warmodgenis Tvalsazriss
amkvidrebda. yovelive amis safuZvelze plotine aRniS-
navda, rom RmerTi yvelganaa, xolo qristianuli neopla-
tonizmis warmomadgenlis – fsevdo-dionise areopagelis

А. Лосев. Эстетика возрождения. М., 1978, gv. 34.

1

7
azriT, ki – `yvelaferSi Seimecneba RmerTi~. RmerTisa da
samyaros mimarTebis amgvari – emanaciuri gageba upiris­
pirdeboda Sua saukuneebSi gabatonebul kreacionistul
Tvalsazriss, romlis Tanaxmadac, samyaro RmerTis mieraa
Seqmnili droSi, arafrisgan.
RmerTisa da samyaros mimarTebis emanaciuri gageba
amqveyniuri sinamdvilis Rirebulad gamocxadebis mso-
flmxedvelobrivi safuZveli gaxda, radganac am gziT
RmerTi, raRacnairad `miwazea Camoyvanili~ da miwierSi
`RvTaebrivis aRmoCenis~ SesaZleblobaa daSvebuli. swored
es aris mxedvelobaSi miRebuli, roca mkvlevarTa erTi
nawili neoplatonur filosofias renesansis umTavres
msoflmxedvelobriv safuZvlad miiCnevs. amitomac neopla-
tonuri filosofia, mniSvnelovania ara mxolod imiT, rom
igi azrovnebis istoriaSi umniSvnelovanesi filosofiuri
sistemaa, aramed imiTac, rom igi, amave dros, renesansis
erT-erT msoflmxedvelobriv safuZvelsac warmoadgens.
ra mniSvneloba aqvs neoplatonur filosofias sakuT-
vriv qarTuli kulturisTvis? rogorc cnobilia, adreul-
ma qarTulma kulturam Tavisi ganviTarebis mwvervals
XI-XII saukuneebSi miaRwia. am epoqis qarTuli kultura
renesansulia, xolo am drois qarTul kulturaze neo-
platonizmis mniSvnelovani gavlena (ZiriTadad prokles
msoflmxedveloba da areopagitika) eWvgareSea. jer kidev
adreul etapze am sakiTxs gamokvlevebi miuZRvnes platon
ioselianma, niko marma, ivane javaxiSvilma, sergi gorgaZem,
korneli kekeliZem da Salva nucubiZem. am gamokvlevebSi
miRebuli daskvnebis safuZvelze Camoyalibda `qarTuli
neoplatonizmis~ cneba (areopagitika, efrem mcire, ioane
petriwi, rusTaveli). ase rom, qarTuli kulturis intere-
sebidan gamomdinare neoplatonizmis kvleva saWiro da
aucilebelia.
`qarTuli neoplatonizmis~ cneba mecnierebaSi pirve-
lad niko marma (1864-1934) gamoiyena Tavis mniSvnelovan

8
gamokvlevaSi1, sadac ganxilulia XI-XII saukuneebis qarTve-
li filosofosis ioane petriwis mier qarTulad Targmnili
prokle diadoxosis Txzuleba – `Teologiis pirvelsafuZ-
vlebi~ (petriwis TargmanSi `kavSirni RmrTismetyuelebiT-
ni~) da masze darTuli petriwiseuli komentarebi. avtori
ioane petriws saqarTveloSi filosofiuri tradiciebis
damwyebad miiCnevs. misive SeniSvniT, petriwis filoso-
fiuri msoflmxedveloba bizantieli filosofosebis –
miqael fselosisa da ioane italosis neoplatonizmiTaa
gansazRvruli.
ioane petriwis moRvaweoba qarTveli xalxis kultu­
ruli ayvavebis xanas emTxveva. niko maris sityvebiT rom
vTqvaT, es is droa, roca qarTvelebi imave sakiTxebiT
iyvnen dainteresebulni, romlebiTac qristianuli aR-
mosavleTi da dasavleTi. amasTan, qarTvelebi sxvebze adre
exmaurebodnen im droisTvis progresul filosofiur mso-
flmxedvelobas da masTan erTad awarmoebdnen berZnuli
originalebis uSualo teqstualur kritikas2.
niko maris Tvalsazriss exmaureba ivane javaxiSvilis
(1876-1940) Semdegi mosazreba: `metad sagulisxmo da sayur-
adReboa, rom maSindel saqarTveloSi neoplatonuri mwer­
loba gaCnda da qarTveli mecnierebi imgvarsave rTuli
safilosofio sakiTxebiT iyvnen gatacebulni, romelic
maSindel mowinave qristian erebs aRelvebdaT rogorc aR-
mosavleTSi, ise dasavleTSi...~3.
niko maris es gamokvleva mniSvnelovani movlena iyo
qarTuli filosofiuri azris istoriis Seswavlis saqmeSi,
xolo am gamokvlevaSi gamoyenebuli `qarTuli neopla-
tonizmis~ cneba SemdgomSi mecnierebaSi damkvidrda, ro-

1
Н. Марр. Иоанн Петрицкий грузинский неоплатоник XI-XII века. СПБ,
1909.
2
iqve, gv. 61.
3
iv. javaxiSvili. qarTveli eris istoria. Tb., 1933, II t. gv. 300-
301.

9
gorc yvelaze Sesaferisi termini Sua saukuneebis qarTuli
filosofiuri memkvidreobis aRsaniSnavad.
qarTul neoplatonizms niko mari SemosazRvravda XI-XII
saukuneebis filosofiiT, ufro zustad, igi `qarTul neo-
platonizmSi~ mxolod petriwis filosofias gulisxmobda.
Salva nucubiZem (1888-1969) gaafarTova `qarTuli neo-
platonizmis~ cnebis sazRvrebi. qarTuli neoplatonizmis
Zirebi, misi azriT, unda veZioT `...ara XII saukunis dasawyis­
Si, aramed V saukuneSi, roca cxovrobda da moRvaweobda
prokles Txzulebis – `kavSirni RvTismetyvelebiTni~ are­
opagituli interpretaciis, e. w. areopagituli wignebis
erTaderTi SesaZlebeli avtori~1. nucubiZes, rogorc ukve
aRvniSneT, areopagituli wignebis namdvil avtorad miaC-
nda V saukunis cnobili qarTveli saeklesio moRvawe pal-
estinaSi, maiumis episkoposi petre iberi.
areopagitul moZRvrebas gamorCeuli adgili ukavia
neoplatonuri filosofiis sistemaSi. marTalia, manamde
da mas Semdeg, antikuri filosofiuri memkvidreobisa da
qristianobis Segueba-Serigebis araerTi cda (origene, io-
ane skot eriugena) iyo, magram es ise warmatebulad rogorc
areopagitikaSia, arsad ar ganxorcielebula. swored ami-
tomac areopagitikas miiCneven `qristianobis neoplatonur
gadamuSavebad~ (v. vindelbandi), `neoplatonizmis gadarg-
vas qristianobis niadagze (S. nucubiZe). msgavs mosazrebebs
gamoTqvamen i. Stiglmairi da a. losevi (1893-1988). k. kre-
meris SeniSvniT ki, areopagitika iyo neoplatonizmis Sua-
mavali Sua saukuneebSi.
rogorc aRiniSna, areopagituli moZRvrebis SeswavlaSi
mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes qarTvelma mecnierebma. maT
araerTi naSromi miuZRvnes areopagitikas, gamoikvlies am
moZRvrebis calkeuli mxareebi da aCvenes misi didi mniS-

S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi.

1

Tb., 1976, IV t. gv. 163-164.

10
vneloba saerTod renesansuli da kerZod, qarTuli kul-
turisTvis.
qarTul mecnierebaSi areopagituli moZRvrebis kvle-
vis didi tradiciis miuxedavad, jer kidev bevria gasakeTe-
beli. kerZod, misi mimarTeba winamaval filosofiursa da
Teologiur moZRvrebebTan, sakuTriv areopagitikis fi-
losofiuri problemebi da gavlena Semdgomi drois mso-
flmxedvelobriv mimarTulebebze. marTebulad SeniSnav-
da a. losevi: `qarTvelma mkvlevrebma namdvilad sworad
SeniSnes am traqtatis (`saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~, – m. m.)
TviT stili, Tumca ar mouciaT misi mecnieruli analizi,
romelic jer kidev momavlis saqmea~1.
qarTveli mkvlevrebi, sxvadasxva kuTxiTa da sxvadasxva
mizniT ikvlevdnen areopagitul moZRvrebas. aqedan gamom-
dinare, maT sxvadasxvanairad esmodaT areopagitikis arsi
da mniSvneloba qarTuli kulturisTvis. rac Seexeba areop-
agitikas, rogorc filosofiur Zegls, am sakiTxebis kvl-
eva ZiriTadad S. nucubiZisa da S. xidaSelis (1910-1994) sax-
elebTanaa dakavSirebuli. Cven gamokvlevaSi gaziarebulia
am avtorTa ZiriTadi azri: areopagituli filosofia neo-
platonuria, sadac mocemulia emanaciuri moZRvreba, ris
safuZvelzedac areopagitika renesansis msoflmxedvelo-
briv safuZvels warmoadgens2. es moZRvreba erTi aucilebe-

A. Лосев. dasax. naSr., gv. 36.

1

arsebobs sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebic. rusi mkvlevari i. smir­

2

novi profesor k. skvorcovis gamokvlevaze recenziaSi werda,

rom `не смотря на то, что ареопагитические сочинения стоят под вли-
янием неоплатонизма, они все-таки удерживают антинеоплатоническое
направление~ (И. А. Смирнов. Русская литература о сочинениях с именем
св. Дионисия Ареопагита. По поводу `Исследования~ проф. Скворцова.
`Православное обозрение~, М.,1872, т. VI, gv. 872).
Zveli saeklesio literaturis cnobili mkvlevari o. ba­
r­­
denheveri, marTalia, ar uaryofs areopagitikaze neop­
latonizmis gavlenas, magram, misi azriT, es moZRv­ reba
arsebiTad qristianuli Zeglia da misi avtori saq­miT neop­

11
li rgolia im erTxmiani xazisa, romelic saTaves plotines
filosofiaSi iRebs da areopagitikis, eriugenas, fselosis,
italosis, dinantis, benelis, ekhartis moZRvrebaTa gavle-

latonizmis damarcxebas cdilobs sakuTriv neopla­tonizmiT

(O. Bardenhewer. Geschichte der altkirchlicher Literatur. Freiburg im Breisgan.
1924, Bd. IV, gv. 283).
e. ivankas azriT, RmerTis Semecnebis Sesaxeb neoplatonuri
negatiuri Teologia areopagitikaSi arsebiTad sxva gziT
gamovlinda. avtori laparakobs agreTve im winaaRmdegobebze,
rac Tan axlavs qristianuli neoplatonizmis cnebasa da
areopagitikis neoplatonur moZRvrebad CaTvlas (E. Ivanka.
Was heiβt eigentlich christlicher Neoplatonismus? Scholastik, Freiburg, im
Breisgan. 1956, Bd. XXXI, heft 1).
msgavsi Tvalsazrisi gvxvdeba v. foelkersa da h. hungerTan.
v. foelkeri areopagitul Wvretasa da eqstazze miZRvnil
specialur gamokvlevaSi aRniSnavs, rom arasworia kox-
Stiglmairis Tvalsazrisi areopagelis prokledan momdi­
nareobisa da neoplatonikosobis Sesaxeb (W. Völker. Kontemlation
und Ekstase bei Pseudo-Dionyseios Areopagita. Wies Baden, 1958, gv. IV).
h. hungeris azriT, areopagitika araneolatonuria. am moZR­
vrebis avtori, proklesgan gansxvavebiT, RmerTSi xedavs
qristes. garda amisa, areopagitikis avtori RmerTSi xedavs
ara mxolod Semoqmeds, aramed agreTve adamianebis mxsnelsac.
amaSi unda davinaxoT gansxvaveba dionisesa da neoplatonizmis
emanacias Soris. avtoris daskvniT, areopagitika aris dagvia­
nebuli, magram aucilebeli da saWiro qristianuli reaqcia
neoplatonizmisadmi (H. Hunger. Reich der neuen mitte der christliche
Geist der byzantinischen Kultur. Graz, Wien, Köln, 1965, gv. 331-332).
v. folkerisa da e. ivankas zemoaRniSnul Tvalsazriss
iziarebs rusi mkvlevari v. biCkovi. igi maRal Sefasebas aZlevs
areopagitikas da aRiarebs mis did mniSvnelobas sakacobrio
kulturisTvis. v. biCkovi gamokvlevaSi bevr sayuradRebo
mosazrebas gamoTqvams areopagitikaze, magram misi zogierTi
mosazreba sadavod migvaCnia. igi aRniSnavs, rom areopagitikaSi
RmerTi gadis simravleSi ise, rom ar tovebs Tavis Tavs (В. В.
Бычков. Из истории византийской эстетики. `Византийский времен-
ник~, М., 1976 37, gv. 167-169 ). amiT, v. biCkovis azriT, fsevdo-
dionise sZlevs neoplatonur emanatizms. es mosazreba
usafuZvloa. kerZod, fsevdo-dionises es Tvalsazrisi plo­
tines filosofiidan momdinareobs. plotines mixedviTac,

12
niT amzadebs jordano brunosa da nikoloz kuzanelis pan-
Teizms.
isic unda aRiniSnos, rom qarTvel mecnierTa erTi
nawili areopagitikas ikvlevs religiuri poziciebidan,
ufro sworad masSi arsebiTad mxolod Teologiur Sres
miiCnevs. esec am moZRvrebis sayuradRebo da mniSvnelovani

xom `RmerTi gadis Tavis sazRvrebidan ise, rom ar tovebs

Tavis Tavs~ (V eneada, me-6 wigni, $I). sxvaTa Soris, areopagitikis
es Tvalsazrisi emanatizmis damadastureblad miaCnia T. qris­
tlibs (Th. Christlieb. Leben und Lehre des Joh. Scotus Erigena. Cotha, 1860,
gv. 245).
CvenTvis, aseve miuRebelia v. biCkovis mosazreba imis
Taobaze, rom areopagitikaSi daZleulia neoplatonuri ema­
na­
tizmi. areopagitika rom emanatizmisgan Tavisufali araa,
amaze metyvelebs am moZRvrebaSi gatarebuli Tvalsazrisi
RmerTis mier arsebaTa aucileblobiT warmoSobasa da arsebe­
bisadmi RvTaebrivi Zalebis yovelgvari arCevanis gareSe
ganfenis Sesaxeb. areopagituli emanatizmi mJRavndeba am
moZ­­Rvrebis sxvadasxva adgilze (ix. petre iberieli (fsevdo-
dionise areopageli). Sromebi. Tb., 1961, gv. 23, 29-30, 115, 250-
257). areopagitikas emanaciur moZRvrebad miiCnevda agreTve
h. riteri – qristianuli filosofiis gamoCenili mkvlevari
(H. Ritter. Geschichte der christlichen philosophie. Hamburg, 1841, Th. II, gv.
526).
qarTvel mkvlevarTagan areopagitikis araneoplatonu­
robis Tvalsazriss iziarebda a. gawerelia (ix. misi rCeuli
nawerebi. Tb.,1977, I t. gv. 245-250, 485, 523, 540-541 da sxvagan.
misive, `Ziebani da mosazrebani~. Jurn. `ganTiadi~, 1983, #6,
gv. 118), magram avtori ZiriTadad ifargleba areopagitikis
araneoplatonurobis aRniSvniTa da sxva avtorebis (a. bri­
lian­tovi, v. bolotovi, s. epifanoviCi, vl. loski, v. biCkovi da
sxv.) damowmebiT.
areopagitikis neoplatonurobaze sayuradRebo azrs gamo­
T­qvams g. proxorovi: `Пожалуй, именно недостаток `горизонтально-
сти~, историчности видения – судим, конечно, сохранившимся произведе-
ниям – больше всего родним Диониссия с платониками (в расчете на ко-
торых, впрочем, он и должен был писать) и отличает от тех христианских
богословов, кто имеет перед глазами прежде всего Христа исторических
повествований~ (Г. М. Прохоров. `Памятники переводной и русской лите-
ратуры XIV-XV веков~. Ленинград, 1987, gv. 17).

13
aspeqtia, magram filosofiuri kvlevisTvis – nakleb mniS-
vnelovani.
areopagitikis filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis arse-
biTi momentebia: moZRvreba pirvelerTze (RmerTze), dadeb-
iTi da uaryofiTi meTodebi areopagitikaSi, moZRvreba
RvTis mistikur Wvretaze, moZRvreba sikeTeze, sikeTisa
da borotebis mimarTeba, romlebic Seadgenen filosofi-
uri analizis safuZvels.
areopagitul moZRvrebaze sruli suraTis Sesaqmnelad
aucilebelia misi mTlianobaSi ganxilva (wyaroebi, filoso-
fiuri problemebi, gavlenebi). amis gakeTeba aucilebelia
Tundac imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom areopagitikisadmi miZ-
Rvnil naSromebSi ganxilulia an mxolod areopagitikis wi-
namaval moZRvrebebTan mimarTeba, an kidev momdevno drois
msoflmxedvelobriv mimarTulebebTan damokidebuleba.
winamdebare gamokvlevaSi naCvenebia, rom areopagitikis
filosofiuri tendencia emyareba RmerTisa da samyaros
erTianobis ideas da es Tvalsazrisi sabolood didad
gamoiyena renesansulma msoflmxedvelobam. amasTan, Cveni
gamokvleviT ufro ganmtkicda luTeris, riteris, brili­
antovis, popovis, nucubiZisa da sxvaTa Tvalsazrisi ar-
eopagitul moZRvrebaze, rogorc neoplatonur Zeglze,
filosofiur nawilSi mis emanaciur xasiaTsa da renesansis
erT-erT ideur safuZvelze.
mecnierebaSi, TiTqmis damkvidrebuli Tvalsazri-
sis Tanaxmad, areopagitikis mTavar wyarod prokles fi-
losofiaa miCneuli. winamdebare naSromSi naCvenebia, rom
plotines filosofias aranaklebi mniSvneloba hqonda
areopagitikisTvis. metic, xSir SemTxvevaSi prokles mso-
flmxedvelobisa da areopagitikis siaxlove gansazRvru-
lia erTi wyaroTi – plotines filosofiis sargeblobiT1.

am mxriv sarwmuno mosazrebaa gamoTqmuli naSromSi – Dionysios,

1

Proklos, Plotinos. ix. Beitrage zur Geschichte der Philosophie des Mittelalters.
Texte und Untersuchungen. Herausgegeben von Clemens Raumker. Münster,
1917, Band XX, Heft 1, gv. 21-23.
14
 gamokvlevaSi platonis `parmenidesTan~ neoplatonur-
areopagituli negatiuri Teologiis adre SeniSnuli siax-
love ganmtkicebulia axali masalebiTa da dasabuTebiT.
naSromSi faqtobrivi masalis analizisa da Sejerebis
safuZvelze ki ganmtkicebulia adre gamoTqmuli Tvalsaz-
risi (briliantovi, blonski, hase, berdiaevi) plotinesa da
areopagituli misticizmis filosofiur-inteleqtualur
xasiaTze.
aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom qarTul filosofiursa
da filologiur literaturaSi neoplatonuri filosofi-
is mniSvneloba msoflio kulturisaTvis zogadad da qar-
TulisaTvis kerZod, sxvadasxvanairad iyo gagebuli. mkvle­
varTa umravlesoba neoplatonizms samarTlianad Tvli­ da
mowinave progresul msoflmxedvelobad da aucileblad
miiCnevda mis safuZvlian Seswavlas. meore nawili ki, warma­
rTobis niSnis qveS gaerTianebul neoplatonur filoso-
fias reaqciul Tvalsazrisad Tvlida da SeuZleblad mi-
iCnevda masSi kulturisTvis raime Rirebulis arsebobas.
neoplatonuri filosofiisadmi amgvari damokideb-
uleba yovelgvar safuZvelsaa moklebuli da amiT ugu­
lebel­ yofilia is didZali samecniero-filosofiuri li­
te­ratura, sadac xazgasmiTaa naCvenebi neoplatonuri
filosofiis didi roli aRorZinebis epoqis filosofiuri
da renesansuli msoflmxedvelobis CamoyalibebaSi. amasTan,
mkvlevrebs, romelTac neoplatonizmi mxolod warmarTul
msoflmxedvelobad miaCniaT, mxedvelobidan rCebaT erTi
umniSvnelovanesi da sayovelTaod miRebuli garemoeba:
neoplatonuri filosofia iyo swored is erT-erTi Su-
aleduri rgoli, romlis meSveobiTac antikuri (Tundac
warmarTuli) kulturuli memkvidreoba SeuerTda axals,
riTac saTave daedo momdevno drois kulturas.
neoplatonizmisa da qristianobis urTierTmimarTe-
baze antikuri filosofiis aRiarebuli mkvlevari eduard
celeri (1814-1908) aRniSnavda rom, neoplatonizmi Tavisi

15
warmoSobiT ar yofila elinuri sulis reaqcia qristiano-
bis winaaRmdeg. Tumca RvTaebis gamocxadeba maT sxvadasx-
vanairad esmodaT: qristianoba RvTaebis gamocxadebas
xedavda istoriul pirovnebasa da faqtSi, xolo neopla-
tonizmisTvis gamocxadeba gamoxatavda samyaroSi arsebuli
wesrigisa da pirvelmizezisadmi (RmerTisadmi) adamianis
mistikuri Wvretis miswrafebas1. celeri SeniSnavs, rom
neoplatonizmi da qristianoba erTdroulad, erTmaneTis
gverdiT warmoiSva da didi urTierTzegavlena hqondaT.
maT erTi amocana gaaCndaT, magram gamoxatvis formebi
sxva­dasxva iyo.
neoplatonizmi, rogorc filosofiuri sistema, Sem-
dgom, droTa ganmavlobaSi winaaRmdegobaSi movida qris-
tianul msoflmxedvelobasTan. qristianobis gabatoneb-
ulma mdgomareobam aiZula neopaltonuri filosofia
Sehgueboda mas. amitom SemTxveviTi ar iyo, rom Camoy-
alibda umniSvnelovanesi religiur-filosofiuri sistema
`qristianuli neoplatonizmi~, romelsac didi gavlena
hqonda Sua saukuneebSi. qristianul neoplatonizms gavlena
hqonda rogorc filosofiur, ise religiur msoflmxedve­
lobaze. qristianuli neoplatonizmis umniSvnelovanesi
warmomadgenelia fsevdo-dionise areopageli.
areopagituli moZRvrebis arsis gasagebad didi mniSvn-
eloba aqvs misi Teologiis wyaroebis garkvevas. am mizniT
naSromSi ganxilulia kapadokiel mamaTa (basili didi,
grigol nazianzeli, grigol noseli) msoflmxedvelo­basTan
areopagituli moZRvrebis mimarTeba, kerZod: naCvenebia
areopagituli ideebis siaxlove da daSoreba kapadokielTa
msofl­ mxedvelobasTan. am mimarTebiT gamoyofilia sakvan-
Zo sakiTxebi rogorc kapadokiel mamaTa msoflmxedvelo-
baSi, ise areopagitul moZRvrebaSi (moZRvreba RmerTze,
sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba, samebis Sesaxeb da sxv.).

E. Zeller. Die Philosophie der Griechen in ihrer geschichtlichen Entwicklung.

1

Leipzig, 1881, Th. III, Abt. 2, gv. 444.

16
da maTi SedarebiTi analizis safuZvelze gakeTebulia Se-
sabamisi daskvnebi.
petre iberisa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis idento-
bis Sesaxeb nucubiZe-honigmanis Teoriis Semdeg qarTvel
mkvlevrTa interesi areopagitikisadmi ufro gaizarda.
imis damoukideblad, Tu vin iyo areopagituli Txzule-
bebis avtori, misi mniSvneloba Sua saukuneebis qarTuli
kulturisTvis eWvgareSea.
areopagitul moZRvrebas mniSvnelovani roli aqvs Ses-
rulebuli Sua saukuneebis religiur-filosofiuri mso-
flmxedvelobis CamoyalibebaSi. is, rom areopagitikaSi
nacadia qristianobisa da neopaltonizmis Serigeba-Segue-
ba, aman didad ganapiroba am moZRvrebis winaaRmdegobrivi
buneba, rac misi sxvadasxvanairi interpretaciis safuZveli
xdeba. kerZod ki, areopagitikis wakiTxva SeiZleba rogorc
filosofiis, ise Teologiis poziciebidan. filosofiaSi
areopagitika qristianuli neoplatonizmis tradiciebs
agrZelebs da aviTarebs.
areopagitikaSi filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis arse-
bobaze aRniSnavdnen luTeri, hegeli, celeri, vindelban-
di, raseli... areopagituli moZRvrebis filosofiurobis
maCvenebelia am moZRvrebis siaxlove platonis, plotinesa
da prokles filosofiasTan. aseve ueWvelia areopagitikaSi
mocemuli mkacri filosofiur-logikuri dasabuTeba. amis
Sesaxeb aRniSnavda i. popovi. popovis azriT, areopagituli
moZRvrebis gviani warmoSobis (Seqmnilia V saukuneSi da
ara I-Si, rogorc es adre egonaT, – m. m.) damadasturebelia
Semdegi garemoebac: Zveli drois qristianuli litera­
turuli Sromebi Tavisufalia yovelgvari filosofiuri
gavlenisgan da maTi Sinaarsi mxolod bibliuria. areopa­
gitikisTvis ki damaxasiaTebelia mkacri filosofiuroba
da am mxriv am moZRvrebis avtori aRemateba ara mxolod
apologetebs, aramed TviT aleqsandrielebsac1.

Православная богословская энциклопедия. Петроград, 1903, т. IV, gv.

1

1078.
17
 fsevdo-dionise areopagelis filosofiuri Tvalsaz-
risis ganxilvisas cxadi xdeba, rom am mimarTebiT misi
msoflmxedvelobis ZiriTad wyaros platonis, plotine-
sa da prokles filosofia warmoadgens. am kuTxiT didi
da mniSvnelovani kvleva-Ziebebia Catarebuli. sakmarisia
aRiniSnos h. koxis, i. Stiglmairis, a. dempfis, v. pregeris,
k. kremeris, S. nucubiZis, S. xidaSelisa da sxvaTa mniS-
vnelovani gamokvlevebi. aRniSnul SromebSi areopagituli
moZRvrebis wyaroebad aRiarebulia platonis, plotinesa
da prokles filosofia.
areopagitikaSi naTlad Cans agreTve kapadokiel mamaTa
TvalsaCino gavlena.1
neopaltonizmi platonis filosofiis ganviTareba-
gaRrmavebas warmoadgens. neoplatonur filosofiaSi, ise
rogorc platonTan, ZiriTad amocanas Seadgenda usasru-
losa da sasrulos, dauboloebelsa da daboloebuls, anu
pirvelmizezsa (RmerTsa) da samyaros Soris mimarTebis
garkveva. es amocana platonis filosofiaSi gadauWreli
darCa, samagierod, neoplatonizmSi garkveuli azriT mox-
erxda am siZnelis mogvareba. kerZod, neoplatonikosebis
mier emanaciis principis Semotanam pirvelmizezisa (Rmer-
Tis) da samyaros mTlianobis aRiarebis safuZveli moamza-
da. es Tvalsazrisi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi ixveweboda
da sabolood jordano brunosa da nikoloz kuzanelis
panTeizmiT dasrulda. am Tvalsazrisma gadamwyveti roli
Seasrula renesansuli msoflmxedvelobis CamoyalibebaSi.
igi iwyeba platonis filosofiaSi, gaivlis neoplatonur
filosofias da kuzanelis panTeizmiT mTavrdeba. amis Se­
saxeb aRniSnavs a. dempfi. avtoris azriT, dionisesTan (ig-

Я. Н. Любарский. Михаил Пселл. Личность и творчество. М., 1978, В. В.

1

Бычков. Из истории византийской эстетики («Византийский временник~,

М., 1976, т. 37, gv. 160-191); misive, Византийская эстетика. М.,1977, K.
Kre­­­m­er. Die neoplatonische Seinsphilosophie und ihre Wirkung auf Thomas
von Aquin. Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1966, gv. 289.

18
ulisxmeba fsevdo-dionise areopageli, – m. m.) adamianuri
Semecnebis sfero Sevsebulia platonis `parmenideTi~1. es
platonizmi (laparakia proklesa da fsevdo-dionise ar-
eopagelis mimarTebaSi platonizmis arsebobaze, – m. m.)
miuTiTebs xidze, romelic platonis filosofiaSi iwyeba,
grZeldeba kuzanelamde da ufro Sors midis. es swored is
erTiani xazia filosofiaSi, romelSic S. nucubiZe moiaz-
rebs areopagitul moZRvrebasac2.
ra Tqma unda, neoplatonuri filosofiis Camoyalibe-
baSi Taviseburi roli Seasrula aristoteles moZRvrebam
miznobrivi mizezis Sesaxeb, filonis Tvalsazrisma us-
asruloze da sxvaTa moZRvrebebma. magram mTavari wyaro
mainc platonis filosofiaa. hegeli aRniSnavs, rom pla-
tonis filosofiam ganviTarebis ori gza gaiara. CvenTvis
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs meore gzas. meore gza
ki, hegelis azriT, esaa neoplatonizmis saxiT ukan – pla-
tonisken dabruneba da TviTcnobierebisa da absoluturi
arsebis erTianobis moTxovna3.
platonis filosofiisa da neoplatonizmis mimarTebis
gasarkvevad saWiroa platonis filosofiaSi im momentebis
win wamoweva, romelTac Semdgom gadamwyveti roli Seas-
rules neoplatonizmis CamoyalibebaSi. winamdebare gamokv-
levaSi naCvenebia is sakvanZo sakiTxebi, saidanac saTaves
iRebs neoplatonuri filosofia da is axali, rac neopla-
tonizmma gaakeTa platonTan SedarebiT.
areopagituli moZRvrebis ZiriTadi filosofiuri
wyaroebis Taobaze azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa. avtorTa erTi
nawili upirveles wyarod platons asaxelebs (i. drezeke),

1
A. Dempf. Der Platonimus des Eusebius, Viktorinus und Ps. Dionysius.
München, 1962, gv. 16.
2
S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi.
IV t. gv. 120-131, 142-143.
3
Hegel. Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Philosophie. Leipzig, 1971, Bd. II,
gv. 460.

19
meore nawili ki – prokles (p. koxi, i. Stiglmairi, S. nu-
cubiZe), mesame nawili miuTiTebs rogorc plotineze, ise
prokleze (v. pregeri, k. kremeri). ufro marTebuli iqneba
aRiniSnos, rom areopagituli moZRvreba sazrdoobs ro-
gorc platonis, ise plotinesa da prokles filosofiiT
da mxolod erT romelime maTganze yuradRebis gadatana
swori ar aris. problemebis erT nawilSi fsevdo-dionise
areopageli plotines mihyveba, meoreSi ki – prokles. amis
Sesaxeb samarTlianad miuTiTebs k. kremeri1.
plotinesTan fsevdo-dionise areopagelis siaxlove
mJRavndeba erTis negaciaSi da gansakuTrebiT misticizm-
Si2. h. koxis azriT, fsevdo-dionise areopagelisTvis ucxo
araa plotines filosofia, magram yovelive es gvxvde-
ba prokles filosofiaSic3. v. pregeris azriT, dionises
(fsevdo-dionises, – m. m. ) amosavali Tvalsazrisi iseTivea,
rogorc plotinesi4. Cveni mxridan davamtkicebT, rom are-
opagituli moZRvrebis suls (erTis negacia, moZRvreba sik-
eTeze, misticizmi) ZiriTadad plotines filosofia ufro
Seesabameba.
areopagitikis gasagebad didi mniSvneloba aqvs am moZ-
Rvrebis prokles filosofiasTan mimarTebis kvlevas. am
kvlevisadmi interess zrdis is faqtic, rom prokles fi-
losofiisadmi interesi dReisTvis Zalze didia. neopla-
tonizmis cnobili mkvlevris v. baiervaltesis SeniSvniT,
axali etapi prokles filosofiis kvlevaSi iwyeba mas Sem-
deg, rac misi moZRvreba aRiarebul iqna renesansis wyarod5.

1
K. Kremer. dasax. naSr., gv. 287-289.
2
iqve, gv. 288.
3
H. Koch. Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in seinen Beziehungen zum
Neoplatonismus und Misterienwesen. Mainz, 1900, Bd. I, gv. 152-158.
4
W. Preger. Geschichte der deutsehe Mystik. Leipzig, 1874, gv. 151-153.
5
W. Beierwaltes. Proklus, Grundzuge seiner Metaphysik. Frankfurt am Mein,
1965, gv. 37.

20
 areopagitikaSi pirvelsawyisis (RmerTis) cnebis gasa­
gebad yvelaze marTebulia am moZRvrebaSi dadebiTi da
uaryofiTi meTodebis ontologiuri safuZvlis dadgena da
agreTve, sikeTis ideis cnebis analizi.
apofatikuri meTodis dawvrilebiTi analizis safuZ-
velze mivediT im daskvnamde, rom rogorc katafatikuri, ise
apofatikuri meTodis ontologiur safuZvels warmoadgens
RmerTi, rogorc srulyofilebis umaRlesi forma. aq erTm-
aneTisgan unda ganvasxvaoT RmerTi, rogorc srulyofileba
da RmerTi, rogorc transcendenturi. marTalia, RmerTis
transcendenturoba gulisxmobs srulyofilebasac, magram
`srulyofilebis~ cnebaSi vgulisxmobT emanaciis saTaveSi
myof pirvelmizezs, romelic misgan warmoSobil arsebebs
swored srulyoflebiT aRemateba. maSin rodesac transcen-
denturad gagebul RmerTsa da xilulis sinamdvilis arse-
bebs Soris absoluturi gansxvavebaa.
saerTod ki, areopagitikaSi rogorc dadebiTi, ise uar­
yofiTi meTodi pirvelmizezis wvdomisTvis uZluria, ami-
tomac daSvebulia RmerTis mistikuri Wvreta.
areopagitul moZRvrebaSi gaziarebul iqna emanatizmis
principi. fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, RmerTi, iseve rogorc
mze, RvTaebriv Zalebs ganfens yovelgvari arCevanis gare­
Se, sakuTari bunebis Tanaxmad, maSasadame, aucileblobiT1.
momdevno droSi areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena
gvxdeba rogorc Teologiur, ise filosofiur sistemeb-
Si. gansakuTrebuli siaxlove areopagitul moZRvrebas-
Tan mJRavndeba maqsime aRmsareblis, ioane damaskelis, io-
ane skot eriugenas, Toma akvinelis, maister ekhartisa da
nikoloz kuzanelis msoflmxedvelobebSi.

petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli). Sromebi. Tb.,

1

1961, gv. 29-30. simartivisTvis aRniSnul gamocemas davimowmebT

ase: areopagitika. Semdeg – fsevdo-dionises Sesabamisi Txzu­
leba an epistole (werili).

21
 winamdebare gamokvlevaSi ganxilulia areopagitikis
gavlena rogorc Teologiur (aRmsarebeli, damaskeli,
akvineli), ise filosofiur (eriugena, kuzaneli) msoflmxed-
velobebze. rac Seexeba ekharts, misi msoflmxedveloba
Tanabrad ganicdis areopagitikis rogorc Teologiur, ise
filosofiur gavlenas.
mravalmxrivi iyo areopagitikis gavlena qarTul kul-
turaze (rusTaveli, CaxruxaZe, daviT guramiSvili da sxv.),
agreTve, qarTul msoflmxedvelobaze. am sakiTxebis ganx-
ilva mniSvnelovania qarTuli kulturis arsis gasagebad.
dasasrul mokled areopagituli krebulis struq-
turasa da Sinaarsze.
areopagituli traqtatebia:
1. RvTaebrivi saxelebis Sesaxeb (efrem mcires Targ-
maniT – `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~);
2. zeciuri ierarqiis Sesaxeb (`zecaTa mRdelT-
mTavrobisaT¢s~);
3. saeklesio ierarqiis Sesaxeb (`saeklesio¡sa mRdelT-
mTavrobisaT¢s~);
4. mistikuri Teologiis Sesaxeb (`saidumlod RmrTis-
metyuelebisaT¢s~).
aTi werilidan pirveli oTxi mimarTulia mowese gaio¡s
mimarT. danarCenebis adresatebi arian: RvTismetyveli
ioane, mRvdelmTavrebi: polikarpo¡ da tite, mRvdeli
sopatro¡si, mowese dimofilo¡si da msaxuri doroTe.
areopagituli traqtatebidan filosofiis Tvalsaz­
risiT gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania – `saRmrToTa
saxelTaT¢s~, romelSic ganxilulia moZRvreba sawyisze,
pirvel erTze (RmerTze). traqtatSi aseve ganxilulia
RmerTis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTebebi, RmerTi-
dan arsebaTa gamosvla da masSive ukudabruneba, sikeTisa
da borotebis mimarTeba da sxv. es sakiTxebi traqtatSi
ZiriTadad neoplatonuri, ufro sworad qristianuli neo-
platonizmis poziciebidan aris warmodgenili.

22
 filosofiis TvalsazrisiT aseve sainteresoa traqta-
ti – `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~, romelSic gan­
xi­
lulia RmerTis absoluturi negaciisa da misi wvdoma-
gaerTianebis gzebi, kerZod, RmerTis mistikuri Wvreta
(roca cxadi xdeba, rom racionaluri Semecneba uZluria
RmerTis wvdomisTvis), RmerTis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi me-
TodebiT daxasiaTebis erTianoba da sxv.
danarCeni ori traqtati – `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavro­
bisaT¢s~ da `saeklesio¡sa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~ ufro
re­ligiuri xasiaTisaa da filosofiisTvis nakleb sainte­
resoa, Tumca maTSi areklilia neoplatonuri ierarqiuli
(safexurebrivi) sistemis principebi.
areopagituli epistoleebidan zogierTi, marTalia, na-
klebad, magram mainc sayuradReboa filosofiis Tvalsaz-
risiT.
areopagituli Txzulebebi dawerilia berZnul enaze
da pirvelad igi iTargmna siriul enaze, Semdeg Zvel droSi
laTinur, arabul, koptur, somxur, qarTulsa da sxva aRmo­
savlur enebze. Tanamedrove evropul enebze areopagituli
Txzulebebis Targmanebi XIX saukunes miekuTvneba. es Txzu­
lebebi, evropulTan SedarebiT, ufro adre iTargmna sla-
vursa da rusul enebze.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, areopagituli Txzulebebi
qarTulad Targmna XI saukunis gamoCenilma qarTvelma
swavlulma, mTargmnelma, filologma da filosofosma –
efrem mcirem.

23
 I Tavi

areopagitul TxzulebaTa avtorobis sakiTxi da

nucubiZe-honigmanis Teoria

areopagituli Txzulebebis, e. w. areopagituli korpu-

sis avtorobis sakiTxi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi `awvaleb-
da~ mecnierebas. am Txzulebebis arseboba 532 wels konstan-
tinepolis saeklesio krebaze gaxda cnobili. mis avtorad
ki gamocxadda dionise areopagelis saxeliT cnobili I
saukunis cnobili saeklesio moRvawe, aTenis areopagis
wevri, episkoposi dionise. renesansis moazrovneebma lor-
enco valam (1415-1465) da erazm roterdamelma (1466-1536)
eWvi Seitanes imaSi, rom areopagituli Txzulebebis avto-
ria I saukunis saeklesio moRvawe – dionise areopageli.
amis Semdeg saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda kvle­
va-Zieba areopagituli Txzulebebis namdvili avtoris das-
adgenad. aRniSnul sakiTxs ikvlevdnen rusi (f. gumilevski,
k. skvorcovi, v. bolotovi...) da germaneli (h. koxi, i. Stig­
lmairi...) mkvlevrebi.
h. koxma areopagitikis safuZvliani SeswavliT daad-
gina, rom am moZRvrebis filosofiuri msoflmxedveloba
gansazRvrulia V saukunis neoplatonikosi filosofosis
prokle diadoxosis moZRvrebiT1. i. Stiglmairis gamokv-
levis Tanaxmad, areopagitul TxzulebaTa avtori kargad

H. Koch. Proklus als Quelle des Ps. D. Areopagita in der Lehre vom Bösen.
1

Pnilologus, Gotingen,1996, Bd. 54.

25
icnobs prokles komentarebs platonis dialog `alkibi-
adeze~, romelic 462 wliTaa daTariRebuli1.
sxvadasxva gamokvlevis safuZvelze, areopagituli
wignebis Seqmnis Taobaze, gakeTebul iqna Semdegi mniSv­
nelovani daskvnebi:
1. areopagituli moZRvreba neoplatonuri filosofi-
is, kerZod, prokles msoflmxedvelobis did gavlenas gani­
cdis.
2. areopagituli Txzulebani dawerilia 462 wlis Sem-
deg, platonis `alkibiadeze~ prokleseuli komentarebis
gavleniT. ramdenadac es Txzulebani pirvelad 532 wels
iqneba moxseniebuli, amdenad, areopagituli Txzulebebis
Seqmnis savaraudo drod 462-532 wlebi ganisazRvra.
3. areopagituli Txzulebani q. gazas kulturul gare-
moSi iyo Seqmnili da misi avtori episkoposi unda yofi­
liyo.
am daskvnebma mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvra Sesaswavli
sakiTxis irgvliv kvlevis Semdgomi warmateba, romelic
ZiriTadad S. nucubiZisa da e. honigmanis saxelebs ukavS-
irdeba.
S. nucubiZe gamokvlevaSi, romelic miznad isaxavda are-
opagitul TxzulebaTa namdvili avtoris vinaobis garkve-
vas, Cerdeba im kulturul garemoze, sadac moRvaweobda am
wignebis savaraudo avtori. am wreSi Sediodnen – prokofi
da enea gazelebi da zaqaria ritori (`saeklesio istori-
is~ cnobili avtori). nucubiZe aCvenebs, rom es avtorebi
SeuZlebelia iyvnen areopagituli Txzulebebis avtorebi,
radganac prokofi gazeli filon aleqsandrielisa da ori-
genes msoflmxedvelobaTa gavlenas ganicdis, xolo enea
gazeli Tavisi qristologiuri Sexedulebebis Camoyalibeb-
isas emyareba platonis ZiriTad dialogebs. enea gazelis

J. Stiglmayr. Der neoplatoniker Proklus als Vorlage des sogen.

1

Dionysius Areopagita in der Lehre vom Uebel. München, 1895, HYB

18, gv. 254.
26
msgavsad, zaqaria ritoric platonis filosofiis erTguli
darCa. nucubiZis SeniSvniT, ramdenadac areopagituli moZ-
Rvreba uSualod prokles filosofias emyareba, amdenad,
es sami cnobili avtori, rogorc areopagituli Txzule-
bebis savaraudo Semqmnelebi, `moxsnil~ unda iqnes.1
gazeli moazrovneebis msgavsad, SeuZlebelia areopagi-
tikis avtorebad miCneul iqnen maTi Tanamedroveni – ioane
filiponi da leonti bizantieli, vinaidan TiToeul maT-
gans, nucubiZis azriT, sul sxva ideologiuri safuZveli
gaaCnia, vidre fsevdo-dionise areopagels.
S. nucubiZe gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs zaqar-
ia ritoris `saeklesio istorias~, sadac aRniSnulia: `im
dionise areopagelma, romelmac warmarTobis umecrebis
da wyvdiadidan RvTis Semecnebis gansakuTrebul Suqs mi-
aRwia Cveni moZRvari pavles meSveobiT...~2. aq mkvlevari
yuradRebas aqcevs gamoTqmas – `im dionisem~ (pirdapir
`dionises~ nacvlad) da aseve meore gamoTqmas – `Cvenma mo-
ciqulma pavlem~. am bolo gamoTqmaSi wesiT unda yofiliyo
– `mociqulma pavlem~. nucubiZis azriT, aRniSnulma Sei-
Zleba is azri aRgviZras, rom zaqaria ritors mxedveloba-
Si hyavda im wris moZRvari da maswavlebeli, romelsac is
TviTon ekuTvnoda. am wris xelmZRvaneli petre iberi (411-
491) rom iyo, sayovelTaodaa cnobili. amitomac, nucubiZis
SeniSvniT, gamoTqma – `Cveni pavle~ am SemTxvevaSi sagange-
bo datvirTvas iZens, ramdenadac es TavisTavad gvikar-
naxebs gamoTqmis Sepirispirebas sxva pavlesTan – qristes
mociqulTan. sayuradReboa isic, rom zaqaria ritori, rom-
lisTvisac saqmis namdvili viTareba cnobili unda yofili-
yo, areopagituli Txzulebis avtorad I saukunis moRvawes
acxadebs, rac, S. nucubiZis azriT, miuTiTebs, rom aq saqme
gvaqvs Segnebul falsifikaciasTan.

Ш. Нуцубидзе.Тайна Псевдо-Дионисия Ареопагита. Тб.,1942,

1

gv.7.
2
iqve, gv. 19.

27
 TavisTavad sainteresoa is faqti, rom monofizitebisa
da diofizitebis dapirispirebisa da brZolis periodSi,
erT-erTi mxaris mier dionise areopagelis avtoriteti
iqna damowmebuli. kerZod, 532 wlis konstantinepolis
msoflio saeklesio krebaze areopagituli Txzulebani I
saukunis saeklesio moRvawes – dionise areopagels miawe­
res. udavo unda iyos, rom es `miwera~ dionise areopage-
lis didi avtoritetis gamo moxda da garkveul mizans em-
saxureboda. isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom, am droisTvis
wignis miwera sxva avtorisadmi Cveulebrivi ambavi iyo.
S. nucubiZis aRniSvniT, is, rom am periodSi sxva av-
torisadmi sxvisi wignis miwera Cveulebrivi ambavi iyo,
am konkretul SemTxvevaSi Zalian did mniSvnelobas iZens
erTi saintereso da mniSvnelovani faqtis gamo: zaqaria
ritori Tavis `saeklesio istoriaSi~ petre iberis raRac
gamoCenil saqmeze mianiSnebs, magram saTqmels bolomde ar
ambobs. amasTan, zaqaria ritori, sxvaTa sityvebis damowme-
biT, saintereso ambavze mogviTxrobs, TiTqosda vinme io-
ane aleqsandrielma Tavisi nawarmoebebi petre ibers miawe­
ra. petrem ki am wignebis gacnobis Semdeg es faqti uaryo.
mecnierebaSi damtkicebulia, rom ioane aleqsandrieli
istoriuli pirovneba araa (o. bardenheveri). maSasadame,
ioane aleqsandrielis wignis miwera petre iberze mTlianad
SeTxzuli ambavia. yvelaferi es, nucubiZis azriT, zaqaria
ritors Segnebulad aqvs gakeTebuli, raTa mkiTxvelisTvis
petre iberis samwerlo moRvaweobis Sesaxeb mieniSnebina.
rogorc aRniSnulidan irkveva, I saukunis saekle-
sio moRvawis V saukuneSi Seqmnili Txzulebebis avtorad
gamocxadebas da petre iberze ararsebuli ioane aleqsan-
drielis wignebis miwerasa da agreTve, zaqaria ritoris
mier aRniSnul petre iberis `gamoCenili~ saqmes Soris
raRac kavSiri marTlac unda arsebobdes.
petre iberis did avtoritetze miuTiTebs zaqaria
qarTvelis Semdegi sityvebi: `mnebavs uwyebad Tqvenda, Zma-

28
no Cemno sayvarelno, cxorebisa wmidisa da netarisa mami-
sa Cvenisa petresisa, romeli igi iqmna mnaTob palestinisa
da ufro¡sad yovlisa soflisa, romeli – igi aRmoscenda
ZirTagan sameufoTa da saRmrToTa da morC iqmna keTil,
sawadel da sasurvel da aRorZnda, viTarca xe keTili da
Svenieri Tanawarsadinelsa saRmrToTa werilTasa, gamoix-
vna Jamsa Tvissa da uwinaresca Jamisa mravalni nayofni~1.
aseTi epiTetebi, rogoricaa `mnaTob palestinisa~, `ufro-
sad yovlisa soflisa~, `viTarca xe keTili mSvenieri Tana-
warsadinelsa saRmrToTa werilTasa~... TavisTavad metyve-
lebs, Tu vin iyo da ra avtoriteti hqonda am droisTvis
petre ibers palestinaSi (da ara mxolod palestinaSi).
petre iberis gamoCenilobasa Tu gamorCeulobaze me-
tyvelebs 2006 wels oqsfordSi gamocemul kornelia
hornis 600-gverdiani monografia, romelic mTlianad pe-
tre iberis cxovrebasa da moRvaweobas eZRvneba2.
am gamokvlevaSi elguja xinTibiZes arsebiTad miaCnia
is, rom `naSromi warmoaCens petre ibers rogorc udidessa
da upirveles avtoritets V saukunis palestinis sabermo-
nazvno wreebisa da Teologiuri centrebisTvis. igi petre
iberis karieras ikvlevs areopagituli korpusis avtoro-
bis hipoTezisagan damoukideblad. magram igi xedavs da
ar faravs, rom areopagitikis avtoris problemas uSualo
mimarTeba unda hqondes ioane rufusis wignTan `petre ib-
eris cxovreba~: an am wignis obieqti, anu petre iberi, an am
wignis subieqti-Semqneli, anu ioane rufusi, unda iyos am
saidumlo nawerebis avtori~3.

1
qarTuli proza. Tb., 1982, III tomi, gv. 26.
2
C.B.Horn. Asceticism and Christological Controversy in Fifth-Century
Palestine. The Career of Peter of Iberian. Oxford University Press, 2006.
3
e. xinTibiZe. uaxlesi tendenciebi qarTul-bizantiuri li­
teraturuli urTierTobis kvlevis mimarTulebiT. kre­buli:
`bizantologia saqarTveloSi~. Tb., 2007, gv. 54.

29
 rogorc cnobilia, areopagitikaSi erT-erTi ZiriTadi
sakiTxia moZRvreba sikeTeze. fsevdo-dionisem plotinesa
da prokles filosofiis safuZvelze aRiara sikeTis ab-
soluturoba da borotebis arasubstanciuroba. areop-
agitikaSi sikeTis saboloo miRweva xorcieldeba misti-
kuri Wvretis safuZvelze. nucubiZe yuradRebas aqcevs
petre iberis cxovrebaSi iseT moments, saidanac irkveva,
rom petre iberisTvis eqstazi ucxo ar iyo: moulodne-
lad netari (petre) ucnobi Seiqmna da eqstazSi Cavarda da
am mdgomareobaSi igi darCa TiTqmis saaTs, saaT-naxevars,
Tvalebi ki am dros ucvlelad hqonda mipyrobili cisken.
sainteresoa aseTi cnobac, petre iberi esaubreboda
gazel Zenons. Zenonis aRniSvniT, petre iberi am azrebiT
`pirdapiri gziT sikeTisken midioda~1. aq, nucubiZis azriT,
areopagitul ideebTan gvaqvs TanmTxveva, kerZod, sikeTis
absoluturobis sakiTxSi.
S. nucubiZis sarwmuno SeniSvniT, erTmaneTs emTxveva
ag­
reTve areopagitul moZRvrebaSi mocemuli ierarqiuli
prin­­
cipi da petre iberis maswavleblis – ioane lazis (g.
465 w.) – mier warmodgenili samyaros ierarqiuli wyoba,
ro­melic anonims aqvs gadmocemuli. ioane lazs, petre ib-
eris maswavlebelsa da mudmiv Tanamgzavrs, samyaro war-
modgenili hqonda safexurebad: angelozebis, qerubinebisa
da serafimebis saxiT. rogorc cnobilia, areopagituli
moZRvrebis erT-erTi Txzuleba –`zeciuri ierarqia~ spe-
cialurad am sakiTxisadmia miZRvnili da masSi mocemuli
samyaros ierarqiuli wyobis modelic iseTivea, rogorc
ioane lazisa.
sarwmuno Cans S. nucubiZis mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom
saqarTveloSi arsebul `dionises avtobiografiaSi~ (ig-
ulisxmeba I saukunis saeklesio moRvawe – dionise areopa­
geli, – m. m.) araferia naTqvami masze, rogorc areopagi­
tuli Txzulebebis avtorze. avtobiografiaSi miniSnebac ki

Ш. Нуцубидзе. Тайна Псевдо-Дионисия Ареопагита. gv. 7.

1

30
araa dioniseze, rogorc areopagituli wignebis avtorze,
rac VII-VIII saukuneTa dokumentisTvis, Tundac apokrifu-
lisTvis, friad mravlismetyvelia... amgvarad, saqarTvelo-
Si farTod yofila gavrcelebuli wigni, romelSic araferi
iyo naTqvami dionises avtorobis Sesaxeb areopagituli
wignebis mimarT~1.
am mxriv, aseve mniSvnelovania ioane petriwis cnoba
prokles Txzulebis – `Teologiis pirvelsafuZvlebis~
xelmeored Targmnis Sesaxeb: `aramed mizezi aw kualad
gardmoRebad Cem mier wignisa amis eseobasa~. nucubiZe
Tvlis, rom petriwis es SeniSvna prokles Txzulebis adre
Sesrulebul qarTul Targmanze unda miuTiTebdes. mTargm-
neli ki petre iberi unda iyos. ioane petriwis es SeniSvna
mecnierebaSi sxvadasxva gvarad iqna gagebuli.
S. nucubiZis kvlevis Sedegebi safuZvels iZleva gake­
Tebul iqnes Semdegi daskvnebi:
1. q. gazas kulturuli garemos imdroindeli moR-
vaweebidan (prokofi da enea gazelebi, zaqaria ritori,
agreTve, maTi Tanamedroveni – aleqsandrieli ioane fili­
poni da leonti bizantieli) romelime maTgani, SeuZlebe-
lia areopagituli Txzulebebis avtori yofiliyo.
2. realur `dionisesa~ da `mociqul pavles~ nacvlad
zaqaria ritoris mier `im dionises~ da `Cveni pavles~ mox-
senieba cxadyofs, rom saqme gvaqvs Segnebul falsifikacia-
sTan.
3. zaqaria ritoris mier ararsebuli ioane aleqsandri-
elis wignebis miwera petre iberze erTi mxriv, xolo, meore
mxriv, areopagituli Txzulebebis mikuTvneba I saukunis
moRvawisTvis, miuTiTebs, rom yovelive amas zaqaria ri-
tori Segnebulad, garkveuli mizniT akeTebs. aq yovelTvis
mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom areopagituli moZRvreba V-VI
saukuneebis mijnazea Seqmnili. amasTan, zaqaria ritoris

Ш. Нуцубидзе. dasax. naSr., gv. 45.

1

31
dumili petre iberis raRac `gamoCenil~ saqmeze, garkveuli
saidumloebis maCvenebelia.
4. areopagituli moZRvrebisa da petre iberis saxelTan
dakavSirebul TvalsazrisTa damTxveva:
a) sikeTis absoluturobis sakiTxSi;
b) RmerTis mistikuri gziT wvdomaSi;
g) areopagituli ierarqiisa da petre iberis maswavleb-
lis – ioane lazis mier warmodgenili samyaros safexure-
brivi modelis igiveoba.
5. petre iberis friad didi ganswavluloba da misi
sayo­velTao cnobili didi avtoriteti qristianul samya-
roSi, imis udavo safuZvels iZleva, rom masSi areopagi­
tuli Txzulebebis SesaZlo avtori davinaxoT.
areopagituli moZRvrebis avtorobis sakiTxze mecnier-
ebaSi adre miRebuli Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlis
Sesaxebac ukve gvqonda saubari da ZiriTadad axla aRniS-
nuli daskvnebis safuZvelze, S. nucubiZem petre iberi
fsevdo-dionise areopagels gauigiva da igi areopagitikis
namdvil avtorad miiCnia1.
S. nucubiZis Tvalsazrisisgan damoukideblad, amave
daskvnamde mivida cnobili belgieli bizantologi – er-
nest honigmani (1892-1954). imis miuxedavad, rom honigman-
isTvis nucubiZis gamokvleva cnobili ar iyo, maTi daskvne-
bi bevr punqtSi erTmaneTs emTxveva. honigmanTan nucubiZis
mosazrebebisgan mxolod gansxvavebulsa da originalur
mignebebs ganvixilavT.
e. honigmani did mniSvnelobas aniWebs germaneli
mkvlev­ ris oto bardenheveris mosazrebas, romlis Tanax-
mad, areopagituli Txzulebebis avtori, `ucxoelis eniT
laparakobs~. honigmanis gamokvlevaSi aseve didi mniS-
vneloba eniWeba zaqaria ritoris cnobas – petre iberisa

S. nucubiZis kvleva-Zieba areopagitikis saZiebeli avtoris

1

Sesaxeb Sejamda naSromSi: `petre iberi da antikuri filoso­

fiu­ri memkvidreoba~. Sromebi. Tb., 1975, V t.

32
da Teodosi ierusalimelisadmi ararsebuli ioane aleqsan-
drielis Sromebis miweras. honigmani erTob saintereso
kiTxvas svams – sakiTxavia, rogorRa airCia `moxerxebulma
yalbismqmnelma~ Tavisi nawarmoebebis avtorebad es ori
piri, Tuki isini ar iyvnen cnobilni, rogorc sxva Srome-
bis avtorebi?!...1
yvelaferi, rac aq aRiniSna, saintereso da mniSvnelova-
nia honigmanis gamokvlevaSi, magram ZiriTadi, riTac av-
torma gaamdidra, axali da Taviseuli originaluri momen-
ti Seitana areopagituli Txzulebebis saZiebeli avtoris
dadgenaSi, aris iereTeosisa da ioane lazis identobis
dadgena. honigmani yuradRebas aqcevs im faqts, rom sax-
eli iereTeosi am konkretul SemTxvevaSi SeTxzulia da
ar gamoxatavs realurad arsebul pirovnebas. Tuki iere-
Teosi xelovnurad SeTxzuli saxelia, maSin aseve nayalbevi
unda iyos am Txzulebebis avtoris – dionise areopagelis
sa­
xelic, radganac, iereTeosi cnobilia rogorc dionise
areopagelis maswavlebeli.
e. honigmanma Zveli berZnuli, siriuli da romauli
kalendrebis safuZvliani Seswavlisa da Sejerebis safu­
Zvelze daadgina, rom berZnuli, siriuli da romauli
eklesia 4 oqtombers aRniSnavda, rogorc iereTeosis mox-
seniebis dRed. amasTan, mecnierma yuradReba miaqcia erT
aseT mniSvnelovan garemoebas: 465 wlis 4 oqtombers gar-
dacvlila petre iberis maswavlebeli – ioane lazi. maSasa-
dame, iereTeosis moxseniebisa da ioane lazis gardacvaleb-
is dReebi erTmaneTs emTxveva.
aRniSnulis safuZvelze e. honigmani mivida im daskvnam-
de, rom iereTeosi da ioane lazi erTi da igive pirovne-
baa. iereTeosi fsevdo-dionises maswavlebelia, ioane lazi
– petre iberisa. iereTeosisa da ioane lazis indentifika-

Э. Хонигман. Петр Ивер и сочинения пс. Дионисия Ареопагита. Труды

1

Тбилисского государственного университета. 1959, т. 59, gv. 55.

33
cia honigmanisTvis fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da petre
iberis identobis umTavresi safuZveli gaxda.
S. nucubiZisa da e. honigmanis es mosazrebani mec-
nierebaSi nucubiZisa da honigmanis fsevdo-dionise are-
opagelisa da petre iberis identobis Teoriis saxeliTaa
Sesuli (horniusi)1. am Teorias Tavis droze dadebiTad
gamoexmaurnen rogorc sabWoTa mecnierebaSi (vl. orlovi,
s. sidorova, v. Caloiani, s. yauxCiSvili, l. meliqseTbegi,
S. xidaSeli, s. enuqaSvili), ise ucxoeTSi (fr. doelgeri,
r. roki, v. ivanka, x. vardi). am Teorias aRtacebiT Sexvdnen
dasavleTis avtoritetuli samecniero Jurnalebi2. am Te-
oriis marTebulobis SesaZlebloba aRiarebulia SedarebiT
gvian TvalsaCino rusi mecnierebis mxridan3 (a. losevi,
m. ka­­pu­stini, v. sokolovi...).
`identobis~ Teorias Tavis droze uaryofiTad Sexvda
qarTvel mecnierTa erTi nawili4.

1
S. nucubiZe. petre iberi da antikuri filosofiuri memkvid­
reoba. Sromebi. V t. gv. 7-12.
2
iqve, gv, 241.
3
`Тем не менее вместе с Ш. Нуцубидзе отнесение Ареопагитики к
авторству Петра Ивера мы считаем весьма вероятным~ (А. Лосев. Эстетика
Возраждения. М., 1978, gv. 23); `На авторству «Ареопагитик»… мног
света пролил советский исследователь проф. Ш. И. Нуцубидзе, который
пришел к выводу, что подлинным автором всех четырех произведении был
грузинский философ Петр Ивер~ (В.Соколов. Средневековая философия.
М., 1979, gv. 85); `Так грузинский ученый (т. е. Ш. Нуцубидзе – М. М.)
увлекшись, склонен был из средневековой мистики Псевдо-Диониссия
Ареопагита, – тайну которого он раскрыл, что явылось вторым его
значительным открытием~ (М. Капустин. Идея восточного Ренессанса и
западно-восточный синтез. В сборнике посв. К 90-летию со дня рождения
Ш. И. Нуцубидзе. Тб., 1980, gv.149-150).
4
К. Кекелидзе. Проф. Э. Хонигманн о Петре Ивере и сочинениях
Псевдо-Дионисия Ареопагита. stalinis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi. Tb., 1956, 63-e t. gv. 421-
430; iv. lolaSvili. fsevdo-dionisesa da petre iberielis
identurobis problema qarTul da evropul mecnierebaSi.
Tb., 1973; С. Данелия. К вопросу о личности Псевдо-Дионисия

34
 rogorc vxedavT, nucubiZe-honigmanis identobis Te-
oriis mimarT mecnierTa damokidebuleba araerTgvarova-
nia. aseT viTarebaSi rogori unda iyos damokidebuleba
sakuTriv areopagituli moZRvrebisadmi?
am sakiTxis gasarkvevad Semdeg kiTxvebs unda gaeces
pasuxi:
1. ramdenad aris gamarTlebuli petre iberis, rogorc
areopagituli Txzulebebis Semqmnelis, miCneva qarTvel
avtorad?
2. avtorobis miuxedavad, aqvs raime mniSvneloba areopa­
gitul moZRvrebas qarTuli kulturisTvis?
pirvel kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisas upirvelesad gasaT-
valiswinebelia: petre iberma Tavisi cxovrebis didi mo-
nakveTi samSoblosgan Sors, ucxo mxareSi gaatara da sa-
kuTriv areopagitikac, ucxo – berZnuli enis atikur
dialeqtzea dawerili.
petre iberi, axalgazrdobaSi murvanosi, qarTlis mefis
varaz bakuris STamomavali iyo, romelic 12 wlis asakSi
mZevlad waiyvanes konstantinepolSi, sadac man Tavisi ni-
WiTa da unariT didad gamoiCina Tavi. amis Sesaxeb zaqaria
ritori gvamcnobs: `xolo ukeTu vinme ikiTxvides, Tu vi-
Tar metyvelebda berZul netari petre, me vauwyo. rameTu
Cvensa mas yofasa konstantinepolis ezom advilad daiswav-
la man enaÎ berZuli da swavlaÎ, vidreRa ukvirda friad
mefesa da yovelTa filosofosTa palatisaTa simaxvile
gonebisa misisa¡~1.
samefo karze didi warmatebis miuxedavad, petre iberi
Tavis maswavlebel – ioane lazTan erTad, romelic iyo
`kaci wmidaÎ da ganSorebuli yovlisagan saqmisa borotisa~,

Ареопагита (`Византийский временник~, 1956, т. УШ); misive, Новый

опыт идентификации Псевдо-Дионисия Ареопагита с Петром Ивером.
saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis sazogadoebriv
mecnierebaTa ganyofilebis moambe. 1960, I t. gv. 269-273.
1
qarTuli proza. Tb., 1982, III t. gv. 31-32.

35
palestinaSi wavida da berad aRikveca. am droisTvis igi 20-
22 wlisa iyo. petre ibers Tan axlda sxva qarTvelebic, maT
Soris, zaqaria qarTvelic, romelsac ekuTvnis mis Sesax-
eb biografia. aRniSnuli biografia XIII Tu XIV saukuneSi
gadmoaqarTula makari mesxma. swored zaqaria qarTvelis
biografiaSi petre iberi moxseniebulia rogorc `mnaTob
palestinisa~, `viTarca xe keTili da Svenieri Tanawar-
sadinelsa saRmrToTa werilTasa~, `samkauli da siqaduli
qarTvelTasa da meoxisa yovlisa soflisasa~... da, rac mTa-
varia, amas gvamcnobs petre iberTan daaxloebuli piri,
romelic siyrmidanve Tan axlda mas: `xolo... pirvelad
vauwyo... moqalaqobaÎ misi da didebulebaÎ sakvirvelebaTa
da saswaulTa misTaÎ. da rameTu ara sxvaTagan Txrobilsa
gina sxvisagan smenilsa moqene var aRwerad, aramed romel-
sa TviT TvaliTa mxilvel viqmen, igi aRvwero, rameTu si-
yrmiTgan Seudeg me wmidasa mas, viTarca Svili erTguli,
sadac igi arn da sadaca warvaln~1.
aq aRniSnuliT, erTi mxriv, cxadi xdeba petre iberis
didi ganswavluloba da avtoriteti, xolo, meore mxriv,
misi moRvaweoba qarTul garemoSi. isic cnobilia, rom pe-
tre iberi mis mier agebul eklesiebsa da masTan dakavSire-
bul adgilebs qarTul saxelebs arqmevda da saerTod, igi
bevrs zrunavda qarTuli kulturisTvis.
italielma arqeologma virjilio korbom palestinaSi,
beTlemis maxloblad aRmoaCina petre iberis mier aSene­
buli qarTuli eklesiis nangrevebi. cnobili arqeologis
SeniSvniT, es monasteri Tavisi gegmiT, Rvinisa da zeTis­
xilis sawuravebiT, aq moRvawe berebis saqmianobiT, gansx-
vavebulad gamoiyureba iudas udabnos sxva monastrebTan
SedarebiT2.

qarTuli proza. III t. gv. 26-27.

1

2
g. wereTeli. uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebi palestinidan. Tb.,
1960, gv. 9.

36
 petre iberis moRvweobasa da aRmSeneblobiT saqmi-
anobas palestinaSi didi yuradReba miaqcia akademikosma
giorgi wereTelma (1904-1973). igi aRniSnavs, rom petre ib-
ers auSenebia es monasteri da amasTana `Seumkia igi qar-
Tuli warwerebiT, sadac TviT misi, misi mamisa da papis
saxelebia moxseniebuli~ da rac mTavaria, es warwerebi
mniSvnelovania imiTac, rom yvelaze uZvelesia dRemde ar-
sebul Zvel qarTul warwerebs Soris. `...vinaidan naxevari
saukuniT mainc win uswreben dRemde yvelaze Zvelad miC-
neul bolnisis warwerebs~1.
amave gamokvlevaSi g. wreTeli ar iziarebs akademikos
korneli kekeliZis Tvalsazriss, romlis Tanaxmadac, pe-
tre iberi `gaizarda bizantiis kulturul sferoSi, ikve-
beboda im sulieri sazrdoTi, romelsac is poulobda ber-
Znulsa da siriul wreebSi~. g. wereTlis azriT, eklesiis
nangrevebze aRmoCenili warwerebiT, es mosazreba ar das-
turdeba! `nawilobriv es mosazreba adrec iwvevda eWvs. V
saukunis didi qarTveli moRvawe murvan-petre cnobili iyo
mTels aRmosavleTSi petre iverielis, anu petre qarTve-
lis saxeliT. safiqrebelia, qarTvelad (iverielad) imitom
iwodeboda igi sxva erebis warmomadgenelTa mier, rom ase
uwodebda da, maSasadame, ase Tvlida igi Tavis Tavs. amitom
saeWvoa vifiqroT, rom kulturis moRvawes, romelic Tavis
Tavs qarTvelad Tvlida, araviTari kavSiri ar hqonda qar-
Tul kulturul samyarosTan da rom igi gaurboda mas~2.
qarTveli ufliswulis aSenebuli eklesia da warwerebi...
`mowmobs, rom igi mWidrod yofila dakavSirebuli qar-
Tul kulturul samyarosTan da imdroindel wminda adgi-
lebSi moRvaweobiT mas qarTuli ena da qarTuli kultura
saerTaSoriso sarbielze gahqonda~3. aqve, avtori varauds

1
g. wereTeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 29.
2
iqve, gv.46.
3
iqve.

37
gamoTqvams, rom iqneb petre iberisa da misi msgavsi sxva
palestineli qarTveli moRvaweebis damsaxurebiT ukve VI
saukunisTvis qarTvelebma moipoves ufleba palestinis
udides lavraSi, sadac berZnebi iyvnen gabatonebulni,
`warTqvan Jamni da samxrisaÎ, warikiTxon samociqulo da
saxareba TavianT deda enaze~, rogorc amas saba ganwmind-
elis `anderZi~ mowmobs.
g. wereTlis Tvalsazriss mTlianad eTanxmeba Salva xi-
daSeli da Tavis mxriv, gamoTqvams sayuradRebo mosazre-
bas: petre iberi aucileblad Tvlis warwerebSi moixseni-
os mama-papis saxelebi da Tavisi Tavi `...ara keisris karze
Serqmeuli, da arc palestinaSi SeZenili saxeliT, romelic
ufro metad Seefereboda mis samonastro moRvaweobas, ara-
med saxeliT, romelic mas mSoblebma Searqves da romli-
Tac igi sakuTar qveyanaSi iyo cnobili~1.
aRniSnuliT cxadi xdeba, rom samSoblosgan mowyveti-
li, ucxo mxareSi gadaxvewili petre iberi, qarTul garemos
ar iyo CamoSorebuli da mas qarTuli sinamdvile arasodes
daviwyebia. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom petre iberi mxolod war-
moSobiT ar yofila qarTveli.
petre iberis biografiaSi umniSvnelovanesia misi aRm-
sareblobis sakiTxi, kerZod: monofiziti iyo igi Tu di-
ofiziti. saqme is aris, rom swored aRmsareblobasTan
mimarTebiT gaugebrobis gamo petre iberis Rvawli da dam-
saxureba araerTgvarovnad iyo gagebuli saqarTveloSi da
misi saxeli xan qarTvel wmindanTa dasSi moixsenieboda, xan
kidev ara. samwuxarod, es viTareba dRemde grZeldeba.
qarTul mecnierebaSi jerjerobiT ar arsebobs saboloo
pasuxi imis Taobaze, Tu ris safuZvelze Seracxa wmindanad
saqarTvelos eklesiam XIII saukuneSi V saukunis gamoCeni-
li qarTveli saeklesio moRvawe, petre iberi, an Semdgom

S. xidaSeli. samkauli da siqaduli qarTvelTa. `ciskari~, 1969,

1

#4, gv. 141.

38
ratom amoricxa igi XVIII saukuneSi wmindanTa siidan. CvenSi
gavrcelebuli saerTo azriT, saqarTvelos eklesiidan pe-
tre iberis saxelis mokveTa misma monofiziturma aRmsare-
blobam ganapiroba. samwuxarod, petre iberis aRmsareblo-
bis sakiTxi jerovnad araa Seswavlili, rac misi saxelis
irgvliv gaugebrobis safuZvelia.
arada, petre iberis aRmsareblobis garkvevas didi
mniSvneloba aqvs fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da petre
iberis identobis sakiTxis gasarkvevad. saqme is aris, rom
dRemde sakamaToa rogorc areopagituli Txzulebebis
mo­no­
fizitoba-dofiziturobis sakiTxi, ise petre iberis
monofizituri Tu diofizituri aRmsarebloba.
bolo xanebSi es sakiTxi ganixiles elguja xinTibiZem,
gvanca koplataZem da guram TevzaZem.
e. xinTibiZe Tavis erT statiaSi, romelic fsevdo-dio-
nisesa da petre iberis identobas exeba, gamoTqvams varau-
ds, rom V saukunidan dRemde orTodoqsul-diofizituri
pozicia ueWvelad icvleboda. srulad SesaZlebelia, rom
es cvlileba mimdinareobda areopagitul TeologiasTan
diofizituri poziciis daaxloebis niSniT. meore mxriv,
sruliad SesaZlebelia, rom V saukuneSi areopagitika ixre-
boda monofizitobisken1.
e. xinTibiZis SeniSvniT, VI saukuneSi areopagitul
Txzu­lebebSi diofizituri pozicia ar igulisxmeboda. sxva
SemTxvevaSi 532 wlis konstantinepolis saeklesio krebaze
amiT ar ixelmZRvanelebdnen monofizitebi. maSasadame, sa-
Wiro iyo areopagitikis diofizituri ganmarteba, rac ga-
naxorcieles maqsime aRmsarebelma da germane patriarqma2.
aq bunebrivad dgeba kiTxva: monofizitebisa da dio-
fizitebis am davaSi ra pozicia ekava petre ibers? mTeli

1
Э. Хинтибидзе. Новый аргумент об идентификации Петре Ивера с Псевдо-
Дионисием Ареопагитом. `Византиноведческие этюды~, Тб., 1991, gv.,
143.
2
iqve.

39
rigi garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, e. xinTibiZe am kiTxvas-
Tan mimarTebiT gamoTqvams sayuradRebo azrs: `ase rom,
usityvod arc im postulatis gaziareba SeiZleba, rom pe-
tre iberi Tavis sicocxlis bolomde darCa Seupovar mono-
fizitad da arc imis, rom areopagituli Txzulebebi Tavis
pirvel redaqciaSi ukve iyo diofizituri~1.
e. xinTibiZe fiqrobs, rom fsevdo-dionisesa da petre
iberis identobis gasarkvevad jer kidev bevria gasakeTebe-
li. Tumca, misive azriT, jerjerobiT ar arsebobs mecnie-
ruli argumenti da is wyaro, romelic uaryofda fsevdo­
dionisesa da petre iberis identobis SesaZleblobebs2.
e. xinTibiZe aqve SeniSnavs, rom aqamde yuradReba ar
miuqceviaT erTi garemoebisTvis, rac udavod daexmare-
ba mkvlevrebs aRniSnuli identobis sakiTxis garkvevaSi.
avtors mxedvelobaSi aqvs areopagituli mistikis warmo-
mavloba kapadokieli mamebis, kerZod, basili didis misti-
kuri moZRvrebidan3.
amasTan, areopagituli mistikis kavSiri da warmoma-
vloba plotines misticizmTan eWvgareSea da SesaZlebelia
sakuTriv basili didis mistikuri moZRvrebac plotines
misticizmidan momdinareobdes da amiT iyo ganpirobebuli
basili didis mistikur moZRvrebasa da areopagitul mis-
ticizms Soris siaxlove.
g. koplataZem ramdenime werili miuZRvna petre iberis
aRmsareblobis sakiTxs (ix. misi werilebi: `petre iberis
aRmsareblobisaTvis~. gazeTi `literaturuli saqarTve-
lo~, 1994, #39-40; `wmida petre iberi~. gazeTi `madli~, 1994,
#10; `isev wm. petre iberis Sesaxeb~. `madli~, 1995, #4).
winaswar SevniSnavT, rom g. koplataZis mosazrebaTa Ri-
rebulebas zrdis isic, rom misi aRniSvniT, `petre iberis

1
Э. Хинтибидзе. dasax. naSr., gv. 143.
2
iqve.
3
iqve.

40
aRmsareblobis garkveva aucilebeli pirobaa im kiTxvaze
pasuxis gasacemad, SeiZleba Tu ara iyos igi avtori areo-
pagituli wignebisa~.
g. koplataZe zogadad mimoixilavs petre iberis bio-
grafiebs (zaqaria ritori, ioane rufusi, zaqaria qarTve-
li, asuruli teqstis anonimi avtori), maTgan gansakuTre-
bul adgils zaqaria qarTvelis `petre iberis cxovrebisa~
da anonimi avtoris asuruli teqstis SedarebiT analizs
uTmobs, ris safuZvelzec petre iberis aRmsareblobaze
Sesabamis daskvnas akeTebs.
g. koplataZis werilebSi kritikulad aris Sefasebuli
qarTvel mecnierTa (k. kekeliZe, S. nucubiZe, a. gawerelia,
i. lolaSvili) Tvalsazrisebi, romelTagan zogierTi (k.
kekeliZe, a. gawerelia) angariSs uwevs petre iberis mxo-
lod monofizit biografebs (zaqaria ritori, ioane rufu-
si) da zaqaria qarTvelis istoriulobas uaryofs, rasac g.
kop­lataZe ar iziarebs. igi arc im azrs iziarebs, romlis
Tanaxmad, zaqaria qarTveli petres biografiis diofizi-
turi interpretaciis avtoradaa miCneuli (S. nucubiZe, i.
lolaSvili).
g. koplataZis mosazrebebidan gamovyofT sam, mTavar
moments:
1. cnobilia, rom palestinidan monofizitebma gaaZeves
qalkedoniki (diofiziti) patriarqi iubenali, romelic Se-
mdgom imperatoris jarTan erTad dabrunda ierusalimSi
da Tanamdebobidan yvela monofiziti episkoposi gadaaye-
na. iubenali ar Seexo petre ibers, rasac zaqaria ritori
petre iberisadmi dedofali pulxerias keTilganwyobiT
xsnis. am faqts, g. koplataZis SeniSvniT, mkvlevrebi ukri-
tikod iReben da amis safuZvelze petre ibers monofizitad
miiCneven. g. koplataZe ki am movlenas axleburad xsnis da
sruliad gansxvavebul daskvnas akeTebs. kerZod, am faqtis
analizisas igi yuradRebas amaxvilebs im garemoebaze, rom
dedofal pulxerias cxovreba marTlmadidebluri rwmeni-

41
sadmi erTguli samsaxuris nimuSi iyo, amitomac petre ibe-
ri monofiziti rom yofiliyo, igi mas xels ar daafarebda.
2. imperator zenons (474-491), romelic aRmsareblobiT
monofiziti iyo, Seudgenia henotikoni, romelic monofizi-
tebisadmi garkveul daTmobas warmoadgenda. kerZod, masSi
aRiarebuli iyo mxolod pirveli sami saeklesio krebis
dadgenilebani, xolo qalkedonis meoTxe krebas (451 w.), sa-
dac ganisazRvra marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis dogmati
qristes orbunebovnebaze (diofizitoba), dumiliT uvlis
gverds. am dokumentze petre ibers xeli ar mouweria, rac,
g. koplataZis azriT, misi diofizituri aRmsareblobiT
iyo ganpirobebuli.
3. polemikur werilSi – `isev wm. petre iberis Sesaxeb“
g. koplataZe erTmaneTs adarebs zaqaria qarTvelis `petre
iberis cxovrebasa~ da anomimi avtoris asurul teqsts da
am Sedarebis safuZvelze akeTebs daskvnas, ris Tanaxmad
qarTuli teqsti petre iberis diofizitobis damadastu-
rebelia, xolo asurul teqstSi sinamdvileze Zaldatane-
biT petres monofizitobis dasabuTebis mcdelobaa: `pir-
vel rigSi unda aRiniSnos, rom petres cxovrebis qarTul
redaqciaSi petres diofizitad warmoCenis gansakuTrebu-
li mcde­ loba arsad ar igrZnoba, maSin roca asureli re-
daqcia, miuxedavad imisa, arsebobs Tu ara amis saWiroeba,
mas Tavgamodebul monofizitad warmoadgens. qarTuli re-
daqciis Txrobis siwrfele imaze metyvelebs, rom avtors
gamogonili ambebis Tu realuri faqtebis sakuTari in-
terpretaciebi Tavisi personaJis marTlsarwmuneobis dasa-
mtkiceblad, rac misTvis isedac cxadi iyo, ar sWirdeboda~
(`madli~,1995, №4).
garda amisa, petre iberis diofizitobis dasasabuTe-
blad g. koplataZis werilebSi, aseve damajerebelia misi
msjelobani petre iberis aleqsandriaSi, monofiziti timo-
Te eluris mmarTvelobis periodSi iqidan ganridebaze da

42
isev aleqsandriaSi ukan dabrunebaze qalkedoniki (diofi-
ziti) episkoposis Jams.
g. TevzaZe petre iberis Sesaxeb naSromSi yuradRebas
aqcevs im garemoebas, rom saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi petre
iberis saxeli saqarTveloSi daviwyebuli iyo da didi xnis
Semdeg pirvelad vaxtang VI-s saxeliT gamocemul `qarTlis
cxovrebaSi~ gvxdeba ori didi CanarTi petre iberis Sesa-
xeb. avtoris SeniSvniT, `es mefe vaxtang VI-s arCevania da
mis, rogorc qarTuli kulturis mkvlevris da moWirnaxu-
lis SorsmWvretelobaze miuTiTebs~1.
g. TevzaZis naSromSi mTavari is Tvalsazrisia, rom­lis
Tanaxmad, petre iberi im safuZvlebis erTguli rCe­ bo­da,
romelic qristianobaSi dapirispirebebs ae­rTia­­nebda, `rom
didi mRvdelTmTavari (petre iberi, – m. m.) dapirispi­
rebulobaze maRla mdgom Rirebulebebs emsa­ xureboda da
saerTod, zogad adamianur sasuliero zneob­ riv princi-
pebs aviTarebda, rac uflebas aZlevda mis biografs xazi
gaesva ara mxolod saqarTvelos, aramed sakacobrio suli-
eri kulturis winaSe am didi moazrovnisa da morwmunis
damsaxurebisTvis~2.
g. TevzaZis naSromSi udavod Rirebulia im momentebze
xazgasma, rom epoqa, romelSic petre iberi moRvaweobda da
mis Semdgomac, kavkasiaSi, kerZod, saqarTvelosa da som­
xeTSi `sruliad monofizituri anda diofizituri“ ar yo-
fila.3 marTlac, saqarTvelosa da somxeTis sazogadoebis
Camoyalibeba diofizitebad da monofizitebad erTbaSad
ar momxdara da garkveulad droSi gagrZelebuli procesi
iyo, rac sabolood qarTulsa da somxur eklesiebs Soris
ganxeTqilebiT dasrulda.

1
g. TevzaZe. petre iberi. Tb., 2009, gv. 5.
2
iqve, gv. 8.
3
iqve, gv. 16.

43
 g. TevzaZe imave naSromSi exeba identobis sakiTxsac
da mas fsevdo-dionises saxeliT cnobili Txzulebebis
avtorobis Sesaxeb arsebul 22 hipoTezaTa Soris, nucubiZe-
honigmanis pozicia yvelaze safuZvlianad miiCnia1. rac
mTavaria, misive sarwmuno SeniSvniT, avtorobis miuxedavad,
petre iberis mier `...wamoyenebuli principebi adamianis
rogorc pirovnebis, Tavisi Tavis, kacobriobis da RmerTis
winaSe pasuxismgebelis, msoflmxedvelobis arsebiTi as­ peq­
tebis wamowevisaTvis mas, marTlac ekuTvnis pativi CaiT­valos
saqarTvelos siamayed da saerTod kacobriobis meoxad~2.
aq petre iberis Rvawlis axlebur danaxvasa da war-
moCenasTan gvaqvs saqme. kerZod, petre iberis Rvawli da
damsaxureba mxolod areopagitikis avtorobiT ki ar unda
gaizomos, aramed amis gareSec da am mimarTebiT momavalSi
kvleva und gagrZeldes.
naSromSi g. TevzaZe aseve naTlad aCvenebs petre iberis
Rrma ganswavlulobas Teologiasa da filosofiaSi3.
bolos kvlav unda gavimeoroT, rom petre iberis aRm-
sareblobis sakiTxis garkvevas didi mniSvneloba aqvs are-
opagituli Txzulebebis avtoris dadgenaSi sicxadis Sesa-
tanad, razedac, rogorc aRiniSna, miuTiTebs g. kop­lataZe.
axla meore kiTxvis Sesaxeb. sakmarisia Sua saukuneebis
qarTuli kulturis umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgenlebis
SemoqmedebaTa ubralo Tvalis gadavleba da cxadi gax­deba,
saerTod neoplatonuri filosofiisa da, kerZod, areopa­
gitikis udidesi mniSvneloba qarTuli filosofiuri azris
CamoyalibebaSi.
areopagituli Txzulebebis berZnulidan qarTul enaze
mTargmneli – XI saukunis gamoCenili qarTveli moazrovne
efrem mcire `qarTuli neoplatonizmis~ TvalsaCino warmo­

1
g. TevzaZe. petre iberi. gv. 21-22.
2
iqve, gv. 22.
3
iqve, gv. 6-12.

44
madgenelia. es mis mier saTargmnelad SerCeuli lite­
raturidanac kargad Cans (areopagitika, ioane damaske­lis
Txzulebani...).
areopagitulma moZRvrebam didi gavlena moaxdina XI-XII
saukuneebis qarTul saero literaturaze. am epo­qis mexo­
tbeTaTvis (SavTeli, CaxruxaZe) areopagitul moZRvrebaSi
gatarebuli Tvalsazrisi RvTaebis miuR­ wev­
lobisa da Se-
umecnebadobis Sesaxeb, saerTo msoflmxed­ velobriv fons
warmoadgenda, romelmac gansazRvra maTi bevri metaforis
xasiaTi (S. xidaSeli).
areopagituli moZRvrebis didi gavlenaa rusTavelis
`vefxistyaosanSi~, sadac mocemulia pirdapiri miTiTeba
`brZen divnosze~ – fsevdo-dioniseze (`am saqmesa dafa­
rulsa brZeni divnos gaacxadebs~). `vefxistyaosanSi~ gaTa­
vi­
sebulia sikeTis absoluturobisa da borotebis ara­
substanciurobis Tvalsazrisi (`RmerTi kargsa moavlinebs
da borotsa ar dadebs~). es Tvalsazrisi plotines filo­
sofiidan iwyeba da sabolood dasrulebul saxes areo­
pagitikaSi iRebs.
Semdegi saukuneebis saqarTvelos kulturaSi areo­
pagi­
tuli moZRvrebis gavlenas varaudoben daviT gu­ ra­
miSvilTan (r. TvaraZe), Wabua amirejibTan, nodar du­
mbaZesTan, revaz inaniSvilTan (S. xidaSeli). eWvgareSea,
rom amgvari gavlena iqneba sxvebTanac da ara mxolod mwer­
lebTan, ris gamokvlevac momavlis saqmea.
zemoaRniSnuli safuZvels iZleva, raTa mTlianad ga­
vi­
ziaroT S. xidaSelis is mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmad
`areopagitikis qarTulad gadaTargmnis TviT faqti, imis
miuxedavad, Tu vin iyo misi avtori, mniSvnelovania Tavisi
gavleniT qarTuli Sua saukuneebis ideologiaze~1.

Ш. Хидашели. Основные мировоззренические направления в феодальной

1

Грузии. Тб., 1962, gv. 259.

45
 isic unda aRiniSnos, rom pirveli reaqciebis (s. da­ne­
lia da k. kekeliZe, ucxoeli avtorebi, mogvianebiT iv. lo-
laSvili) Semdeg es sakiTxi aRar gamxdara aqtiuri gansjis
sagani. rac Seexeba rus avtorebs (v. orlovi, n. si­do­rova,
mogvianebiT a. losevi, m. kapustini, v. sokolovi), es ufro
Teoriaze mxardaWera iyo da ara mecnieruli kvleva-Zieba
problemebis irgvliv.
arsebiTad aseve SeiZleba iTqvas im qarTveli avtore-
bis naSromebze, romlebSic gadmocemulia identobis Te-
oriis arsi da maTSi nacadia kidec am Teoriis gamagreba,
magram es saerTo viTarebas ver cvlis da ufro dainter-
esebul mkiTxvels Seaxsenebs, rom arsebobs aseTi hipoTeza
Tu Teoria1.
am fonze uyuradRebod ver davtovebT somexi mec-
nieris sen arevSatianis mier 30 wlis win gamoqveynebul,
erTi SexedviT uwyinar opuss, romelSic man areopagitu-
li Txzulebebis yvelaze SesaZlebel avtorad gamoacxada
V-VI saukuneebis gamoCenili somexi filosofosi daviT an-
haRTi (uZleveli). es Tvalsazrisi avtors gamoTqmuli aqvs
1980 wels erevanSi somxurad gamocemuli daviT anhaRTis
filosofiuri Txzulebebis winasityvaSi2.
s. arevSatians fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da daviT
anhaRTis igiveobisTvis ori argumenti mohyavs:

1
ix. S. xidaSeli. petre iberisa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis
igiveobis sakiTxisaTvis. `mnaTobi~, 1957, #5; misive, samkauli da
siqaduli qarTvelTa. `ciskari~, 1969, #4; m. maxaraZe. `qarTuli
neoplatonizmis~ cneba da identurobis Teoria~; m. maxaraZe.
werilebi qarTul filosofiaze. Tb., 1988; agreTve, g. TevzaZis,
e. xinTibiZisa da g. koplataZis ganxiluli naSromebi.
2
s. arevSatianis winasityvis es adgili somxuri enidan qarTulad
Targmna zaza aleqsiZem da igi Sesulia r. TvaraZis werilis –
`petre iberieli da daviT uZleveli~ – minawerSi. ix. r. TvaraZe
– Txutmetsaukunovani mTlianoba. Tb., 1985, gv. 201-204.

46
 1. s. arevSatianis azriT, daviT anhaRTisa da dionise
areopagelisadmi miweril TxzulebebSi aris Sexedulebebis
garkveuli erToba da zogjer igiveoba. avtors ZiriTadad
mxedvelobaSi aqvs daviT anhaRTis `gansazRvrebaTa wigni~
da areopagituli traqtati `zeciuri ierarqia~, sadac ga-
tarebuli azrebi RmerTis Semecnebasa da wvdomaze, RmerT­
Tan gaerTianebaze erTmaneTTan axlosaa, ramac avtors Sem-
dgomi kvleva-Ziebisken ubiZga. kerZod, misive aRniSvniT, es
Tanxvedra imiT xom ar aris gamowveuli, rom orive naSroms
erTi da igive avtori hyavs.1
ra SeiZleba iTqvas am argumentis Sesaxeb?
jer erTi, Sua saukuneebis rogorc religiuri, ise
religiur-filosofiuri azrovnebisTvis amgvari azrebi
imdenad saerToa da sayovelTaodaa damaxasiaTebeli, rom
konkretul moazrovneebTan, Cven SemTxvevaSi daviT anhaR-
Tisa da fsevdo-dionises msoflmxedvelobebSi am azrebis
msgavseba da Tundac igiveoba, ver gamodgeba am avtorTa
identifikaciisTvis.
meore da mTavari: s. arevSatianis damowmebuli azre-
bi anhaRTis `gansazRvrebaTa wignidan~ da areopagituli
`zeciuri ierarqiidan~ sworedac rom ar Tanxvdeba erTma-
neTs. kerZod, rogorc es daviT anhaRTis `gansazRvrebaTa
wigni~s erTi adgilis arevSatianiseuli perifrazidan Cans,
anhaRTi Teoriul filosofias yofs fizikad, maTematikad
da RvTismetyvelebad. anhaRTis azriT, brZens mxolod
abstraqtuli azrovnebis, maTematikis saSualebiT SeuZlia
xidi gados grZnobadsa da zegrZnobads Soris da gada­
vides RvTismetyvelebaze . avtori SeniSnavs, rom amasve
2

am­bobs areopagelio da imowmebs `zeciur ierarqias~: `amis

gamo Cve­­ni bunebis Tvisebaa is, rom Cven ar SegviZlia uSu-
alod avmaRldeT sulieri arsis Semecnebamde~.

r. TvaraZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 202.

1

iqve.
2

47
 aq motanili Tvalsazrisis ubralod Sedarebidanac na-
Tlad Cans, rom sruliad usafuZvloa am azrebis identoba-
ze saubari. rac Seexeba msgavsebas, vimeorebT, msgavsi azre-
bi Sua saukuneebis azrovnebisTvis Cveulebrivi movlenaa.
2. s. arevSatianis azriT, `gansazRvrebaTa wignSi~ daviT
anhaRTi aRniSnavs, rom filosofiis mizania – `kaci SeZlebi-
samebr~ daemsgavsos RmerTs, rom filosofosi aris ara is,
vinc Zalian bevri icis da bevris Sesaxeb SeuZlia msjelo-
ba, aramed is, vinc wmindad da mociqulebrivad cxovrobs,
vinc cdilobs daemsgavsos umaRles arsebas, RmerTs1. arev-
Satianis azriT, amasve amtkicebs fsevdo-dionise `zeciuri
ierarqiaSi~, `Cemi azriT mRvdeloba aris mecniereba da mo-
qmedeba, romelic SeZlebisamebr amsgavsebs RmerTis mSve-
nierebas da mihyavs SesaZlebel RmerTisadmi msgavsebamde~2.
jer erTi, damowmebuli adgili `zeciuri ierarqiidan~
sulac ar amtkicebs daviT anhaRTis filosofiidan arev-
Satianiseul perifrazSi gatarebul azrs da meorec: asec
rom iyos, arc anhaRTisa da arc fsevdo-dionises es azre-
bi ar aris originaluri. igi zogadad damaxasiaTebeli iyo
Sua saukuneebis religiur-filosofiuri msoflmxedvelo-
bisTvis.
amis Semdeg s. arevSatiani sxva mimarTebiT agrZelebs
msjelobas. misi aRniSvniT, oTxi areopagituli Txzule-
bidan oris – `zeciuri ierarqia~ da `saeklesio ierarqia~,
somxuri Targmanis xelnawerebs rogorc matenadaranisas,
ise ierusalimis wm. hakobianTa somxuri monastris xelna-
werTa sacavSi, Tavsa da boloSi berZnuli asoebiT, wiTeli
da Savi melniT aweria: `daviTi~, `daviT garecav~, `daviT
– srbu¡n dionise~ – `daviTis~, `daviTma dawera~, `daviTma
– wminda dionises~3.

1
r. TvaraZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 202.
2
iqve.
3
iqve.

48
 aRniSnulis safuZvelze s. arevSatiani fiqrobs, rom
xelnawerebis gadamwerebma raRac saidumlo icodnen da
es avtors safuZvels aZlevs kategoriuli daskvnisTvis:
`areopagituli literaturis avtoris saidumlos amosaxs-
nelad, Cveni azriT, daviT anhaRTis saxels meti ufleba
aqvs mimoqcevaSi yofnisa, vidre yvela dRemde gamoTqmul
hipoTezas~1.
jer vikiTxoT am xelnawerebze arsebul warwerebSi
`daviTis~ Sesaxeb ratom igulisxmeba maincdamainc daviT
anhaRTi? es s. arevSatianis winasityvidan ar Cans.
ase rom, saTanado kvleva-Ziebis gareSe, es warwerebi
arafris mTqmelia. amasTan, problema, romelic saukuneebis
ganmavlobaSi `awvalebda~ mecnierebas da ucxo ar yofila
somexi mkvlevrebisTvis (mag., v. Caloiani), daujerebelia,
rom yuradRebis gareSe darCenodaT es faqti.
gakvirvebas iwvevs is faqti, rom aseTi kategoriuli
daskvnis avtori ubralodac ar mianiSnebs am sakiTxSi yve-
laze gaxmaurebeli nucubiZe-honigmanis Teoriis Sesaxeb,
rac TavisTavad badebs eWvs tendenciurobaze.
s. arevSatiani erT winaaRmdegobas awydeba, kerZod: or,
Tanac mTavari areopagituli Txzulebebis – `RvTaebrivi
saxelebis Sesaxeb~ da `mistikuri Teologia~ somxur Targ-
mans amgvari warwerebi (`daviTi~ da sxv.) ar aqvs. amitomac
avtori erTgvar `kompromisze~ midis da aRniSnavs: `Cveni
azriT, areopagituli wignebi koleqtiuri Sromis nayofia~2.
isic unda iTqvas, rom areopagituli moZRvrebis avto-
ris sidide da sidiade upirvelesad swored – `RvTaebrivi
saxelebis Sesaxeb~ da `mistikuri Teologiis Sesaxeb~ tra-
qtatebSi mJRavndeba. es garemoeba aucileblad gasaTva-
liswinebelia, miT umetes, roca mkvlevars aseT mniSvne-
lovan aRmoCenaze aqvs pretenzia.

r. TvaraZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 203.

1

iqve.
2

49
 aRsaniSnavia isic, rom s. arevSatiani somxuri eklesiis
mier daviT anhaRTis wmindanad Seracxvis faqtsac iyenebs
Tavisi mosazrebis gansamtkiceblad. avtoris azriT, anhaR-
Tis wmindanTa Soris Seracxva gvkarnaxobs, `rom somxurma
eklesiam cno da daafasa misi raRac gansakuTrebuli dam-
saxureba. mxolod saero filosofiuri, logikuri Sromebis
avtori verasodes gaxdeboda aseTi gansakuTrebuli pati-
vis Rirsi~1.
swored es aris damafiqrebeli. iseT saero filoso-
fossa da logikuri Sromebis avtors, rogoric iyo daviT
anhaRTi, Znelad savaraudoa, rom aseTi wminda saeklesio
religiuri traqtatebi daewera. amasTan, oTxive areopa-
gitul traqtatsa da epistoleebs Soris Sinagani kavSiri
da siaxlove imdenad cxadia, rom s. arevSatianis mxridan
`koleqtiur Sromaze~ saubari, yovelgvar safuZvelsaa mok-
lebuli.
rac Seexeba somxuri eklesiis mier daviT anhaRTis
wmindanad Seracxvas, amisTvis sruliad sakmarisi iyo misi
didi damsaxureba somxuri kulturis winaSe. amis uamravi
magaliTi arsebobs sxva xalxTa istoriaSi.
aqve unda aRvniSnoT erTi, arcTu ise umniSvnelo, gare-
moebac. imave 1980 wels, roca erevanSi gamoqveynda daviT
anhaRTis filosofiuri Txzulebebi somxur enaze s. arev-
Satianis winasityvaobiT, moskovSi, gamomcemloba `Наука~-m
gamosca imave avtoris naSromi – `Давид Непобедимый~, ro-
melSic arevSatiani saerTod arafers ambobs Tavis `aRmo-
Cenaze~. metic, am naSromSi gamoTqmuli azrebi daviT anhaR-
Tis msoflmxedvelobis saero xasiaTze, Tavdayira ayenebs
arevSatianis Sexedulebebs somxuri gamocemis winasityvaSi.
rogorc aRiniSna, s. arevSatianis azriT, somxuri ekle-
sia aseT saero filosofoss wmindanad ar Seracxavda, Tu
ara misi raRac saidumlo damsaxureba eklesiis winaSe (pir-

r. TvaraZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 3-4.

1

50
dapir igulisxmeba anhaRTis mxridan `zeciuri ierarqiisa~
da `saeklesio ierarqiis~ avtoroba).
axla SevexoT amis sapirispiro azrebs rusuli gamoc-
midan. s. arevSatianis azriT, XVIII s-Si qarTul enaze Targ-
mnilma daviT anhaRTis Sromebma keTilSobiluri gavlena
moaxdina qarTuli filosofiuri azris saero mimarTule-
bis ganviTarebaze1.
aseTive gavlena hqonda daviT anhaRTis msoflmxedve-
lobas somxur filosofiaze. swored anhaRTis Sromebisa
da TargmanTa wyalobiT, `Zveli somxeTis filosofiurma
azrma Tavi daaRwia qristianuli Teologiis marwuxebs
da SeinarCuna Tavisufleba~2 (xazgasma Cemia, – m. m.).
kidev erTi adgili s. arevSatianis wignidan: `daviTis
mecnieruli memkidreoba stimuls aZlevda saero ideebis
zrdas, xolo maT avtor filosofosebs rwmenas matebda ima-
Si, rom daviTis, rogorc maTi mokavSiris, avtoriteti dae-
xmareboda maT saeklesio mwignobarTa Tavdasxmebisgan~3
(xazgasma Cemia, – m. m.).
ar aris swori s. arevSatianis azri imis Taobaze, rom
areopagitikis somxuri Targmani, romelic Sesrulebulia
716-717 ww-Si, uZvelesia sxva TargmanTa Soris. sinamdvile-
Si areopagituli Txzulebebi pirvelad iTargmna siriul
enaze da igi ekuTvnis petre iberis mowafes sergios re-
Sainels, romelic moRvaweobda V-VI ss.-Si.
dasasrul ki aRvniSnavT, rom 1980 wlis maisis TveSi
somexma xalxma maRal doneze aRniSna daviT anhaRTis da-
badebidan 1500 wlisTavi. am iubiles eswreboda da konfe-
renciaze moxsenebiT gamovida cnobili qarTveli mecnieri,
profesori revaz TvaraZe (1928-2006). igi SeniSnavs, rom am
saiubileo dReebSi araferi Tqmula am axali saocari `aR-

1
С. Аревшатян. Давид Непобедимый. М., 1980, gv. 5.
2
iqve, gv. 19.
3
iqve, gv. 57.

51
moCenis~ Sesaxeb da iqve dasZens: `ase marjved Seicvala fse-
vdo-dionise areopagelisa da petre iberielis pirovnebaTa
identobis nucubiZe-honigmaniseuli Teoria areopagelisa
da daviT uZlevelis identobis arevSatianiseuli hipote-
ziT. Seicvala uwyinrad, uCumrad, zedmeti xmauris gareSe.
xmauri ki ara, imxela iubiles msvlelobis dros krintic
arsad daZrula, xmac aravis gauRia imis Taobaze, Tu rogo-
ri masStabis saukunovani problema gadaiWra Turme esoden
martivad s. arevSatianis mokrZalebul winasityvaSi~1.
r. TvaraZis SeniSvnaSi yvelaferia naTqvami da meti sa-
Wiro ar aris.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am etapze areopagituli Txzule-
bebis namdvili avtoris sakiTxi jer kidev ar aris gada-
wyvetili. Tumca, arsebul hipoTezebs Soris yvelaze safu-
Zvlianad nucubiZe-honigmanis Teoria gamoiyureba.

С. Аревшатян. dasax. naSr., gv. 204.

1

52
 II Tavi

areopagituli filosofia

areopagituli filosofiis ZiriTadi principebi gadmo-

cemulia RmerTis (pirvelmizezis) daxasiaTebaSi, sikeTeze
moZRvrebasa da sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis Tval-
sazrisSi.

$1. moZRvreba pirvelmizezze (RmerTze)

areopagituli moZRvrebis Tanaxmad, pirvelmizezi, anu

RmerTi aris erTi. fsevdo-dionises azriT, Tuki sawy-
isi erTi ar iqneba, maSin dasabami martivi da erTiani ki
ar iqneba, aramed Tavisi Tavis winaaRmdegi da damSleli.
aRniSnuls adasturebs misi Semdegi mosazreba: `rameTu
yoveli oroba¡ ara ars dasabam, aramed erToba¡ ars dasabam
yovlisa orobisa. vina¡Tgan ujero ars erTisa da misganve
gamoslვa¡ orTa¡ yovliTurT urTierTas winaaRmdgoმTa¡
da ra¡Tamca iyo igive dasabami ara martivi da erTobiTi,
aramed ganyofili da or saxeobiTi da winaaRmdgomi da
dam£sneli Tavisა T¢sisa¡~1.
pirvelmizezi martivia, yvelafris sawyisia, yvela arse-
bulis arsebaa, yvela cocxali arsebis sicocxlea... yvel-
ganaa da yvelaferia: `...sofelsa Sinad, soflisa gared,
soflisa zeSTad, zeSTacaTad, zeSTaarsebisad, mzed, var-

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 49.

1

53
skulavad, cecxlad, wylad, qarad, cuarad, Rrublad, lo-
dad da klded, yovlad-yovlad~.1
fsevdo-dionises mier daxasiaTebuli pirvelmizezi
mTeli sinamdvilis safuZvelia, yovelgvar arsebulTa saT-
aves warmoadgens. igi sinamdvileze maRla dgas, misi wvdoma
adamianuri gonebisTvis SeuZlebelia. pirvelmizezi sab-
olood Seucnobadia: `xolo igi Tavadi zeSTa gonebaTa da
arsebaTa zeSTadamyarebul ars, da yovlad ara icnobebis,
arca ras arsTagansa Tana-Seetyuebis, da ars igi zeSTa-
arsebisa da zeSTagonebisad icnobebis~2. pirvelmizezi gon-
ebazec maRla dgas da araferSi ar Seicnoba, misi mokvl-
eva da gamoZieba SeuZlebelia. pirvelmizezi (RmerTi) iseTi
bunebisaa, rom misi ara marto codnaa SeuZlebeli, aramed
misi gamoxatvac. ra aris imis mizezi, rom Cven ar SegviZlia
pirvelmizezis gamoxatva? – am kiTxvas rom vupasuxoT,
unda gavixsenoT fsevdo-dionises Semdegi azri: vinaidan
pirvelmizezi yovelgvar arsebobaze maRla dgas, araviTari
saxeli ar SeiZleba iyos misi gamoxatuleba, yovelgvari
goneba da sityva usasrulod Sorsaa pirvelmizezisgan.
fsevdo-dionise msjelobis sagnad ixdis `saRvTo wer-
ilSi~ mocemul grZnobad gamoxatulebebs. aRniSnuli pre-
dikatebi RvTaebis (pirvelmizezis) uxeSi gamoxatulebebia.
Tuki predikatebi zustad ver gamoxatavs RvTaebis bunebas,
maSin raSi saWironi aris isini? an riTaa gamowveuli, rom
predikatebi RvTaebis xatebia? amas, fsevdo-dionises az-
riT, Semdegi garemoebebi ganapirobebs:
1. Cveni goneba pirvelmizezis misawvdomad uZlu-
ria, amitom iZulebuli varT mivmarToT CvenTvis cnobil
grZnobad gamoxatulebebs, formebs da isini pirvelmizezs
mivakuTvnoT.
2. pirvelmizezis (RvTaebis) WeSmariteba zegrZnobadia,
ris gamoc adamianisTvis idumali da miuRwevelia.

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 12.
2
iqve, epistole – `gaio¡s mimarT mowesisa~. gv. 233.

54
 fsevdo-dionises azriT, zeSTa arsebebis gamoxat-
va xdeba aramsgavsi predikatebiT. magram amiT RvTaebis
Rirseba ki ar mcirdeba, aramed, piriqiT, maRldeba, vinaid-
an aCvenebs RvTaebis arasagnobriobas. rodesac RvTaebriv
arsebebs gamovxatavT `umsgavsi msgavsebebiT~1, maTSi Cven
unda gavigoT dauokebeli swrafva wminda Wvretisken, uw-
midessa da umaRles sinaTlesTan sulieri gaerTianebisken.
aRniSnuli adasturebs zemoT gamoTqmul azrs. RvTaebis
aramsgavsi predikatebiT gamoxatva xdeba imis safuZvelze,
rom TviT am predikatebs arseboba RvTaebisgan aqvT miRe-
buli, isini atareben RvTaebriv Zalas, amitomac SeiZleba
maTi saxelwodebis gamoyeneba RvTaebis aRsaniSnavad. usa-
gno saxeebamde svla, fsevdo-dionises azriT, SesaZlebelia
mxolod maSin, roca predikatebs, romlebiTac gamoxatu-
lia RvTaeba, RvTaebis aramsgavsad CaTvliT `...umsgavsod
moRebiTa msgavsebisa¡Ta maTganve ara ეgreTve xolo Sewyo-
bilad da ganT¢sebulad gansazRvrebad T¢Tebasa sacnaurTa
da grZnobadTasa~2. bolos interesmoklebuli ar iqneba im
predikatebis dasaxeleba, romlebzedac fsevdo-dionise
msjelobs: RmerTi, rogorc simarTlis mze, dilis var-
sklavi, gonebrivi sinaTle, sicocxlis wyali... qva, lodi ...
maSasadame, fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, pirvelmizezis
(RmerTi) saxelwodebebi, daxasiaTebebi ufro CvenTvisaa,
vidre RvTaebisTvis. TavisTavad RmerTi rogoria, amaze
verc aRniSnuli predikatebi gvipasuxebs da arc gonebas
aqvs misi wvdomis unari. pirvelmizezi, marTalia, CvenTvis
ucnobia, magram Cven saqme gvaqvs mis mier warmoqmnilTan.
amasTan, ueWvelia, rom arsebulTa arsebobis dasabami TviT
pirvelmizezia, e. i. pirvelmizezi Tavisi Tavidan gadis, mo-
qmedebs, qmnis. rogori xasiaTisaa pirvelmizezis Tavis Ta-
vidan gasvla?

efrem mcires terminia.

1

2
areopagitika. `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~. gv. 108.

55
 am kiTxvaze fsevdo-dionise ase pasuxobs: RmerTi sike­
Tis mixedviT qmnis mTel sinamdviles, misi gasvla sinamd-
vileSi aucileblobis safuZvelze xdeba da Tavis RvTae-
briv Zalas ganfens yovelgvari winaswari arCevanis gareSe.
aRniSnulis ufro cxadad gasagebad fsevdo-dionise mimar-
Tavs mzesTan RmerTis analogias: `rameTu viTarca xiluli
ese Cuengan mze ara ganizraxavs, arca wina-aRirCevs rasme,
aramed T¢T bunebiT ganmanaTlebel ars yovelTa Zalisaebr
mimRebelTa naTlisagan misisa, egreTve uzeSTaes mzisa, T¢T
bunebiTi igi saxiereba¡ pirmSo¡sa mis saxisagan yovelTa
mimarT ganfenisa saxierebaTa T¢sTa¡sa knin-odenad wuli-
lad da mcired saxed aCuenebs xilulsa amas mzesa yovelTa
zeda ganfenisaT¢s SaravandedTa¡sa~1.
pirvelmizezi (RmerTi), rogorc yvelaze srulyofili,
mTeli sinamdvilis safuZvelia. misgan gamosuli arsebebi
atareben RvTaebriv bunebas. ibadeba kiTxva: RvTaebisgan
gamosuli arsebebi yovelgvar unars moklebuliა Tu ma-
Tac aqvT garkveuli miswrafeba? Tuki aqvT, rogoria es
miswrafeba da saiT aris mimarTuli igi? neoplatonur fi-
losofiaSi naTladaa naCvenebi, rom arsebebi miiswrafvian
pirvelmizezisken, anu RmerTisken, vinaidan yvelaze srul­
yofili, rac ki SesaZlebelia arsebobdes, aris RmerTi.
amitomac arsebebisTvis srulyofilebisken miswrafeba
umTavresia. amave azrs atarebs fsevdo-dionise: `xolo
yovlad ra¡sa nebebiTa RmrTis-metyuelni odesme trfi-
alebad da siyuarulad ity¢an mas da odesme sasurvelad
da sayuarelad? amisT¢s, rameTu pirvelisa mis mizez ars
da wina-momtyuebel da mSobel, xolo meore T¢T igi ars
da pirveliTa miT iZrvis, xolo meoresa Zravs~.2 maSasa-
dame, erTi, rogorc mizezi da yvelafris mSobeli, TviTo-
naa siyvაruli, xolo, meore mxriv, igi rogorc sikeTe da

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 29-30.

1

iqve, gv. 42.

2

56
mSveniereba – sasurveli da sayvarelia. amrigad, RmerTi
erTi mxriv, mizezia, meore mxriv, mizani.
pirvelsawyisi substancia rogorc mizezi da mizani,
pirvelad aristotelem Semoitana, Semdeg es principi
neoplatonizmma gamoiyena. rogorc aRniSnulidan Cans, es
azri fsevdo-dionises filosofiaSic did rols asrulebs.
swored is, rom mTeli sinamdvilis safuZveli erTi, srul­
yofilebisa da sikeTis umaRlesi formaa, arsebebs misken
`mizidvis~ SesaZleblobas aZlevs. ukudabruneba RmerTTan
isev RmerTis damsaxurebaa, ramdenadac is Tavisi sikeTiT
arsebebs misken izidavs. arsebebi ki miiswrafvian imis meS-
veobiT, rom isini, rogorc RvTaebisgan warmoSobilni,
RvTa­ebriv bunebas arian naziarebi. swored is, rac maTSi
RvTaebrivia, maT ukudabrunebisken ubiZgebs.
neoplatonur filosofiaSi gadauwyvetel siZneled
darCa materialuri sinamdvilis dakavSireba pirvel-
sawyisTan. magaliTad, prokle `Teologiis pirvelsafuZv-
lebSi~ aRniSnavs, rom pirvelsawyisSi ukudabrunebis unari
gaaCniaT mxolod usxeuloebs. amasTan, prokles mixedviT,
mTeli sinamdvile (kosmosis CaTvliT) arsebobas Rebulobs
pirvelsawyisis, RmerTis mier. aRniSnulis gamo, neopla-
tonizmSi dualizmi sabolood veraa daZleuli – materia
da gonebrivi arsebebi erTmaneTisgan mowyvetilia. am mxriv
yuradsaRebia fsevdo-dionises Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanax-
mad, yoveli arsebulis safuZveli RmerTSia. yvela misken
miiswrafvis, xolo pirvelmizezi maT Rebulobs. sabolood
ki arsi naziarebia pirvelmizezs arsebobis mixedviT.
rogorc aRiniSna, iseTma didma filosofiurma mimdi-
nareobam, rogoric iyo neoplatonizmi, Tavi ver daaRwia
dualizms. rac Seexeba areopagitikas, romelic erTdrou-
lad xarks uxdida filosofiasa da Teologias, mainc Se-
Zlo monisturi principis gatareba: mTeli sinamdvilis
safuZvelia pirvelmizezi da amasTan, pirvelmizezisken,
rogorc yovlad srulyofilisken, miiswrafvis sinamdvilis

57
yvela arseba (da ara mxolod usxeulni, rogorc es aris
proklesTan), iqnebian isini gonierni Tu usuloni; amrigad,
fsevdo-dionises azriT, TviT usulo arsebaTa arseboba
imis maCvenebelia, rom maTSi raRacnairad aris RvTaebis
Zala1.
pirvelmizezSi arsebaTa ukudabrunebis sakiTxze msje­
loba SeiZleba davasruloT areopagituli moZRvrebis im
nawilis ganxilviT, romelSic saubaria locvis rolze.
locva aris RmerTamde amaRlebis saSualeba, magram RmerT-
Tan misvla, areopagitikis Tanaxmad, imas ki ar niSnavs, rom
is CvenTan modis, aramed is TviTon agvamaRlebs: `garna
ara mas STamovzidavT, romeli zeca ars da queca, aramed
Cven mis mier aRviyvanebiT umaRlesTa maT mimarT mraval-
naTelTa SaravandedTa brwyinvalebisa~2. aRniSnuli ufro
cxadi rom gaxados, fsevdo-dionise mimarTavs analogias,
moaqvs aseTi magaliTi, rodesac navi kldezea mibmuli, is
kldis gamgeblobaSia. aseve varT Cvenc RmerTis meufeo-
baSi. locvis meSveobiT RvTaebamde amaRleba miuTiTebs,
rom zemoT moyvenili gzebis (Semecneba, SegrZnebebi, arse-
boba) garda, arsebobs kidev sxva gza, romelic sabolood
fsevdo-dionisesTvis ZiriTadi aRmoCndeba. es aris Rmer-
Tis mistikuri Wvreta.
areopagitul moZRvrebaSi gairkva pirvelmizezis (Rmer-
Tis) buneba (srulyofileba), misgan sinamdvilis gamosvla
(aucileblobiT) da masSi ukudabruneba (yvela miiswrafvis
srulyofilebisken). sainteresoa, Tu rogor aqvs gagebuli
mTeli es procesi fsevdo-dionises da ra mimarTebaa masTan
umaRlessa da umdables arsebebs Soris? am kiTxvaze are-
opagitikaSi aseTi pasuxia: RmerTi, romelic imyofeba Ta-
vis TavSi, gadis Tavisi Tavidan, warmoqmnis arsebebs (`sax-
ierebisa arsad aRmomdinare~) da ukuubrundeba Tavis Tavs3.

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 33.
2
iqve, gv. 26.
3
iqve, gv. 42.

58
aq Zneli araa paralelis gavleba neoplatonur filosofi-
aSi mocemul triadul principTan: Sedegis yofna mizezSi,
mizezidan Sedegis gamosvla da damoukideblad arseboba
da mizezSi Sedegis ukudabruneba. mTeli sinamdvile neo-
platonikosebs am principiT aqvT warmodgenili. fsevdo-
dionisec iziarebs neoplatonikosTa triadul princips da
es principi maradiulad miaCnia: `da viTarca saukuno¡ ra¡me
simrgule saxierebisaT¢s, saxierebisagan, saxierebasa Sina
da saxierebisa mimarT ucTomeliTa moqceviTa moimrgule-
vis da mis Soris da masve zeda maradis gamomaval arsca da
hgiesca da dgas~1.
fsevdo-dionises mTeli arsebuli samyaro, dawyebuli
sawyisi erTidan da damTavrebuli ugvaro da usaxo arse-
bebiT, warmodgenili aqvs rogorc erTi mTeli, romelSic
garkveuli ierarqiaa: saTaveSia yvelaze srulyofili –
pirvelmizezi (RmerTi). pirvelmizezis Semdgomi arsebebi
masze nakleb srulyofilia, rac ufro Sordeba mas ar-
sebebi, miT ufro nakleb srulyofili xdeba; yoveli ar-
sebis daniSnulebaa miiRos sinaTle Tavisze srulyofili
arsebisgan da gadasces igi mis Semdgom arsebas. mocemuli
principiT mTeli sinamdvilis dalagebisas fsevdo-dionise
bevr saintereso sakiTxs svams da maT Tavisebur gadawyve-
tas iZleva.
kvleva-Ziebam gviCvena, rom areopagituli moZRvrebis
filosofiuri msoflmxedveloba didadaa davalebuli
neoplatonuri filosofiisgan; amasTan, igi mTeli rigi
sakiTxebis Tavisebur gadawyvetas iZleva, rac TvalnaTliv
gamoCndeba areopagitul moZRvrebaSi katafatikuri (dadeb-
iTi) da apofatikuri (uaryofiTi) meTodebisa da sikeTis
ideis ganxilvisas.

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 42.

1

59
 $ 2. dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTodebi
areopagitikaSi

fsevdo-dionises moZRvrebaSi pirvelmizezi (Rmer-

Ti) orgvaradaa gagebuli. erTi gagebis mixedviT, RmerTi
yvelaferia, is yvelganaa; meore gagebis mixedviT ki, Rmer­
Ti arsad araa, mis Sesaxeb Cven araferi viciT. amito­ mac
areopagitikaSi yalibdeba RmerTis daxasiaTebis sapirispi-
ro meTodebi: dadebiTi meTodi (apofatika) da uaryofiTi
meTodi (katafatika). pirvelmizezis katafatikuri daxasi-
aTebisas mas miewereba xiluli sinamdvilis sagnebis saxe­
lebi (RmerTi aris mze, miwa, qva...). katafatikur meTods
safuZvlad udevs RmerTisa da sinamdvilis erTianoba.
katafatikuri meTodis sawinaaRmdegoa apofatika, romelic
RmerTs axasiaTebs uaryofiTad (RmerTi araa mze, miwa,
qva...), RmerTi ar arsebobs da mis Sesaxeb araviTari codna
ar gagvaCnia1.
fsevdo-dionises moZRvrebaSi katafatika da apofatika
TanabarZalovania, xolo pirvelmizezi imaze maRla dgas,
vidre mis Sesaxeb mocemuli meTodebi gveubneba: `jer ars
ukue yovelTave amaT arsTa saxovnebiსa¡ msgavsebad missa
dideba¡ da warTqუma¡ misT¢s, viTarca yovelTa mizezisaT¢s,
da kualad maT yovelTa¡ve usakuTresad ukuTqma¡ rameTu
zeSTa arsTა yovelTa ars Semoqmedi igi arsTa¡ da araodes
gonebad ukuTqუmaTa¡ misT¢s winaaRmdgom yofa¡ waTqumaTa,
aramed friad ra¡me upiratesobiT zeSTa myof ars igi
moklebaTa da uzeSTaes yovelTa matebaTa da daklebaTa~2.

1
es meTodebi fsevdo-dionisemde gamoiyeneboda Zvel indur
filosofiaSi, filonTan da sxv. Semdeg pirvelmizezis dade­
biTi da uaryofiTi meTodebiT daxasiaTebis SesaZlebloba
aCvenes neoplatonikosebma. areopagitikaSi ki aRniSnul meTo­
debs gansakuTrebuli roli eniWeba.
2
areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224.

60
 zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
safuZvelSive mcdaria yvela is mosazreba, romelic are­
opagituli filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis Sefasebisas
aRniSnuli meTodebidan erT-erTs aniWebs upiratesobas.
erTi meTodiT (iqneba es katafatika Tu apofatika) areopa­
gitul moZRvrebaSi pirvelmizezis daxasiaTeba naklovania.
aRniSnulis Sesaxeb damajereblad migvaCnia S. xidaSelis
mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmad, `saboloo, katafatika da apo-
fatika racionaluri codnis calmxriobas da ukmarisobas
adasturebs. namdvilad pirvelmizezi, rogorc yovelive
arsebulze zeaRmatebuli, rogorc zeSTa arseba, zeSTa
RmerTi da zeSTa saxiereba zeaRmatebulia daboloebul
racionalur codnaze~. maSasadame, pirvelmizezi (RvTaebriv
`zeSTaaRmatebuli~) yovelgvar racionalurze maRla dgas,
amitomac misi wvdoma am safexurze SeuZlebelia. amisaTvis
sxva ramaa saWiro. RmerTis namdvili wvdoma xorcieldeba
uSualo WvretaSi, `rac katafatikisa da apofatikisagan
gansxvavebiT pirvelmizezis mistikur (`mesaidumleobiT~)
xilvas warmoadgens~1.
RmerTis (pirvelmizezis) Sesaxeb srul codnas verc misi
katafatikuri (dadebiTi) da verc apofatikuri (uaryofiTi)
daxasiaTeba ver iZleva. RvTaebis wvdoma mxolod mistika-
Sia SesaZlebeli. areopagitul moZRvrebaSi katafatikisa
da apofatikis adgilis gasarkvevad unda gaviTvaliswin-
oT, rom neoplatonikosebisTvis (da fsevdo-dionisesTvis)
pirvelmizezi (RmerTi) aris mTel sinamdvileSi arsebuli
mizezebis erTaderTi mizezi da, rogorc aRiniSna, mizanic.
marTalia, misi wvdoma codnis safuZvelze SeuZlebelia. ma-
gram ramdenadac mTeli sinamdvile pirvelmizezidan mom-
dinareobs, misgan aqvT arsebebs sikeTe, mSveniereba, arse-

S. xidaSeli. `vefxistyaosanis~ erTi adgili areopagitikis

1

TvalsazrisiT. `macne~, saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa

akademiis sazogadoebriv mecnierebaTa ganyofilebis organo.
1965, #6, gv. 100-101.

61
boba, srulyofileba, xolo codnis sagani aris sinamdvile.
amdenad, codnas (garkveulad) saqme aqvs RvTaebis xatebTan.
Tuki Cvens codnas raRac mimarTebiT saqme aqvs RvTaebas-
Tan, maSin katafatikursa da apofatikur meTodebs aqvs
gamarTleba, ramdenadac isini codnis meTodebia.
mokled ganvixiloT katafatikuri da apofatikuri
meTodebis ZiriTadi principebi.
katafatikuri meTodis ganxilvisas areopagituli fi-
losofia Semdeg suraTs iZleva: mTeli sinamdvile erTi
mTelia, agebuli garkveuli wyobiT. pirveli aris yvelaze
srulyofili – RmerTi, romelic yvelganaa, xolo bolo
– yvelaze nakleb srulyofili – kosmosi; maT Soris mo-
Tavsebulia arsebebi (gonieri da sulieri), romlebic
erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba srulyofilebis xarisxiT: rac
ufro srulyofilia arsebebi, miT ufro axlos dganan
pirvelmizezTan da, piriqiT.
ra igulisxmeba aRniSvnaSi – RmerTi yvelganaa? – Tuki
davuSvebT, rom RmerTi yvelganaa, amiT RmerTis yovlis-
momcvelobasa da zeSTaobas vzRudavT: `RmerTi yvelganaa~
ar unda gavigoT pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT. RmerTi rom re-
alurad arsebobdes, maSin is adgils daikavebda, iqneboda
simravle da ara erTi, e. i. ar iqneboda martivi, rac fsev-
do-dionises mixedviT, dauSvebelia1. RmerTis yofna yvel-
gan niSnavs, rom sinamdvilis arsebebi, romelTac safuZveli
RmerTSi aqvT, sikeTes, mSvenierebas, srulyofilebas Rmer-
Tis wyalobiT flobs. sikeTe, mSveniereba, srulyofileba
RvTaebrivi Tvisebebia, maTi saxiT arsebebSi saqme gvaqvs
RvTaebrivi Zalis gamovlenasTan da ara TviT RmerTTan.
am azriT aris RmerTi yvelgan.
katafatikuri meTodi aCvenebs, rom pirvelmizezisgan
gamosuli arsebebi RvTaebriv kvals atarebs, e. i. RvTaeba
aZlevs misgan gamosul arsebebs yvela Tvisebas. fsevdo-di-
onises azriT, pirvelmizezi misgan gansxvavebul arsebebs

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 49.

1

62
sikeTes aZlevs yovelgvari arCevanis gareSe1. Tuki RmerTi
sikeTes, srulyofilebas, mSvenierebas aniWebs yvela arse-
bas, maSin ra aris mizezi imisa, rom sinamdvileSi arsebul
arsebaTa Soris erTni meoresTan SedarebiT ufro sru-
lyofili, keTili, mSvenieria, meore ki, piriqiT?
SesavalSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom areopagitika warmoadgens
antikuri filosofiuri memkvidreobisa da qristianul-re-
ligiuri msoflmxedvelobis garkveul sinTezs. Pperiodi,
romelSic daiwera areopagituli Txzulebebi, xasiaTdeba
qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis gansakuTrebuli aRmav-
lobiT. qristianuli msoflmxedveloba ki efuZneba kre-
acionistul Tvalsazriss, romlis Tanaxmad, samyaro (mTe-
li sinamdvile) Seqmnilia RmerTis mier droSi, arafrisgan.
Tu miviRebT am Tvalsazriss, maSin yoveli nakli, romelic
samyaroSi arsebobs, RmerTs miewereba, vinaidan sinamdvile
RmerTis mieraa Seqmnili. Aamave dros, Sua saukuneebSi
kreacionizmis paralelurad arsebobs filosofiuri (ne-
oplatonuri) Tvalsazrisi, romlis mixedviT, sinamdvile
RmerTisgan aucileblobiT gamomdinareobs (emanatizmi).
faqtobrivad, am Tvalsazrisis Tanaxmad, RmerTi
���������������
arafris-
gan ki ar qmnis samyaros, aramed awesrigebs maradiul ma-
terias.
fsevdo-dionises azriT, RmerTi sinamdvilis arsebebs
aucileblobiT miafens (aZlevs) sikeTes. amasTan, sikeTis
Zala miT ufro sustdeba, rac ufro daSorebulia mis
wya­
ros. amitomac pirvelmizezisgan daSorebuli arsebebi
ufro nakleb srulyofilia. pirvelmizezis mier sikeTis
micema sinamdvilis arsebebisadmi, xolo, meore mxriv,
fsevdo-dionises mier imis aRniSvna, rom yvela arsebas
safuZveli RmerTSi aqvs, mianiSnebs RmerTisa da sinamdvi-
lis erTianobaze.
fsevdo-dionises mTeli sinamdvile gaazrebuli aqvs
neoplatonikosebis msgavsad. kerZod, sinamdvilis dasa-

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv 29-30.

1

63
bami aris RmerTi, romelic warmoadgens srulyofilebas.
pirvelmizezi warmoSobs sinamdviles, sinamdvileSi ar-
sebul arsebebs. arsebebi ukuubrundebian pirvelmizezs.
yvelaferi es SesaZlebelia pirvelmizezis mxolod kata-
fatikuri daxasiaTebis safuZvelze, vinaidan katafatika
emyareba RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis ideas.
areopagituli moZRvrebis dedaarsis gasagebad gan-
sakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba RmerTis apofatikuri
meTodiT daxasiaTebis safuZvelze miRebul daskvnebs.
gavixsenoT, rom areopagitul moZRvrebaSi pirvelmizezi
(RmerTi) xasiaTdeba dadebiTad da uaryofiTad. amasTan,
RmerTi am gansazRvrebebze maRla dgas1. RmerTis orgvari
daxasiaTeba SesaZlebelia imdenad, ramdenadac, erTi mxriv,
igi arsebaTa mizezia, amitomac SeiZleba misi daxasiaTeba
dadebiTi niSnebiT. xolo, meore mxriv, RmerTi imdenad
srulyofilia, rom misi gamoxatva SeuZlebelia, amitomac
SeiZleba misi daxasiaTeba uaryofiTad. magram aq ufro
saintereso da mniSvnelovani is aris, rom RmerTis dadebi-
Ti da uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba erTmaneTs ar ewinaaRmdegeba
(`... da araodes gonebad ukuTqumaTa¡ misT¢s winaaRmdgom
yofa¡ waTqumaTa¡...~), vinaidan TviT pirvelmizezi imaze me-
tia, vidre mis Sesaxeb aRniSnuli meTodebi gveubneba (`...
zeSTa myof ars igi dadebaTa da uzeSTaes yovelTa mate-
baTa da daklebaTa~).
apofatikuri meTodis ganxilvisas, pirvel rigSi, Tval-
Si gvxvdeba is garemoeba, rom RmerTi (pirvelmizezi) yovel-
gvar arsebulze maRla dgas, misi gamoxatva, moazreba da mis
Sesaxeb codna SeuZlebelia, `rameTu yovlad ver sakadreb-
el arს Tquma¡ da gonebiT mogoneba¡ rasme zeSTaarsebisa
da saidumlo¡sa RmrTebisaT¢s gareSe saRmrTod Txrobili-
sa mis Cuenda saRmrToTa sityuaTa mier~2. Ffsevdo-dionises
azriT, umaRlesi arseba ar gamoiTqmis, ar moiazreba, is

areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224.

1

iqve, `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 5.

2

64
ise unda miviRoT da virwmunoT, rogori saxiTac mocemu-
lia `saRvTo werilSi~ da iqve amatebs, rom zeciuri said-
umloebani mxolod RmerTisTvisaa cnobili: `xolo zeSTa
sity¢sa da gonebisa da arsebisa igi ucnaurეba¡ arsebaTa
uzeSTaesisa mis T¢T mაs cnobasa miuteoT...~1. ramdenadac
RvTaebrivi arsebebis saidumloeba mxolod RmerTisTvisaa
cxadi da radganac Cven mas ver gavigebT, Tavi unda Sevi-
kavoT maT Sesaxeb azris gamoTqmisgan.
sakuTriv pirvelsawyisi erTi, anu RmerTi, romelic
yvela arsebaze maRla mdgomia – arc gamoiTqmeba da mis
Sesaxeb SeuZlebelia codnis qona: `...yovelTa mogonebaTa-
gan mougonebეl ars zeSTagonebisa igi erTi; da gamouTqu-
mel ars yovlisa sity¢sagan zeSTasity¢sa igi saxiereba¡,
erToba¡ erT – myofelni yovlisa erTobisa¡ da arseba¡
zeSTaarsebisa¡, goneba¡ mougonebeli, sityva gamouTqmeli,
utyueba¡, mougonebloba¡, dausaxveloba¡, rameTu araraჲT
ars arsTagani mizezi yovelTa arsebისაჲ, xolo T¢T uzeSTae-
si arsTa¡~2. rogorc aRniSnulidan irkveva, yvela is niSani,
rac RmerTs katafatikurma daxasiaTebam miawera, apofati-
kuri daxasiaTebis safuZvelze CamoSordeba. fsevdo-dion-
ise aRniSnavs, rom RmerTi imdenad srulyofilia, rom misi
gamokvleva, mis Sesaxeb raime azris gamoTqma SeuZlebelia:
`da mravalნi RmrTis-metyuelTagaნni hpovნe, romelTa ara
xolo uxilaoba¡ da miuwdomeloba¡ igalobes misT¢s, aramed
Tanad gamouZiebloba¡ca da gamoukulevlobaჲ, viTarmed
ara ars alagi, arca kuali erTi gansavleli dafarulsa
mas Soris ganuzomelobasa missa~3. aq, erTi mxriv, naTladaa
naCvenebi, rom codnis is sistema, rac RmerTis Sesaxeb kata-
fatikam aago, apofatikuri meTodisTvis aRar mniSvnelobs.
meore mxriv, fsevdo-dionise aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT mi-
aniSnebs, rom RmerTis idumali buneba CvenTvis saerTod

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 5-6.
2
iqve, gv. 6.
3
iqve, gv. 7.

65
ucnobia, vinaidan SeuZlebelia misi bunebis gamoZieba da
gamokvleva1. es Tvalsazrisi zogadia da saerTod, adami-
anuri codnis arasrulyofilebasa da SemosazRvrulobaze
miuTiTebs. K
katafatikuri meTodis ganxilvisas garkveul iqna, rom
fsevdo-dionises cnobili Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, zeSTa
sinamdvilis daxasiaTeba predikatebiT, faqtobrivad aris
umaRlesi arsebis gadmocema adamianuri codnisTvis mis-
awvdomi cnebebiT. umaRlesi arsebis (RmerTis) amgvari gad-
mocema gamarTlebulia imdenad, ramdenadac katafatikuri
meTodi emyareba RmerTis iseT gagebas, romlis Tanaxmadac,
sinamdvilis arsebebi RmerTidan momdinareobs, yvela ar-
sebaSi aris RvTaebrivi kvali, amitomac SeiZleba am arse-
biTi saxelebiT RmerTis gamoxatva. cxadia, rom RmerTis
apofatikuri meTodiT daxasiaTebisas katafatikuri meTo-
diT gamoyenebuli predikatebisTvis adgili aRar rCeba,
vinaidan isini ver asaxaven RvTaebis srulyofil bunebas:
`viTarmed ra¡ca igi ars, misi cnoba¡ da xedava¡ yovelTa
arsTagan Seuval ars, viTarca zeSTaarsebisa yovelTgan
amaRlebuli~2.
maSasadame, RmerTis katafatikuri meTodiT daxasia­
Tebisas RvTaeba yvela arsebis mizezad gvevlineba da
amdenad, dasaSvebia arsebaTa saxelebiT misi gamoxatva.
apofatikuri meTodiT daxasiaTebisas ki, RmerTi ukve im-
denad srulyofilad gvevlineba, rom mis Sesaxeb codna
Cven Zalebs aRemateba. PRmerTi rom CvenTvis Seucnobadia,
amis mizezad fsevdo-dionises miaCnia Cveni SemecnebiTi
unarebis uZlureba, vinaidan yovelgvari codna, rac Cven
gagvaCnia, ekuTvnis xiluli sinamdvilis arsebebs da ara
zeSTasamyaros: `rameTu ukueTu yovelni cnobani arsTani
arian da arsTave zeda dasrulebisa mqonebel arian, ra-
bam uzeSTaes iyos yovlisave sity¢sa da yovlisa cnobisa

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 7.

1

iqve, gv. 6-7.

2

66
da zeSTa yovelTa gonebaTa da arsebaTa damyarebul~1.
amrigad, fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, codna, romelic Cven
gagvaCnia, mxolod da mxolod xiluli sinamdvilis arsebe-
bze vrceldeba da ara RmerTze.
fsevdo-dionises moZRvrebaSi apofatikuri meTodis
ontologiuri safuZvlebis garkvevis gasaRebs plotines
(205-270) filosofia iZleva. plotines azriT, pirvelmizezi
yvela arsebulze maRla dgas. mas SeuZlebelia ewodos
CvenTvis cnobili romelime arsebis saxeli. Mmas arc sik-
eTe SeiZleba ewodos, Tuki sikeTis cnebaSi, raime arseb-
ulTa rigidan iqneba nagulisxmebi. Ppirvelmizezs sikeTe
SeiZleba ewodos mxolod im azriT, Tuki sikeTeSi arseb-
ulTa maRla mdgoms moviazrebT2. CvenTvis am SemTxvevaSi
ufro mniSvnelovania plotines azri, romlis Tanaxmad,
pir­velmizezi yvelaze maRla dgas da warmoadgens yvela
arsebulis absoluturad WeSmarit safuZvels. amitomac
arsebulTa sferodan aRebuli nebismieri saxelwodeba ver
gamoxatavs mas (e. i. pirvelmizezs, RmerTs)3. rogorc vxe-
davT, aRniSnuli siZnele plotines winaSec dgas. igi aRniS-
navs, rom pirvelmizezi arsebebis safuZvelia, magram imde-
nad aRmatebulia, rom misi mxolod uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba
SeiZleba. `...masTan miaxloeba SeiZleba masSi imis gamoricx-
viT, rac mas ar ekuTvnis~4. amrigad, plotines filosofiaSi
pirvelmizezis uaryofiTi daxasiaTebis safuZvelia TviT
pirvelmizezis srulyofileba.
fsevdo-dionisesTvis RmerTi yvela arsebulze imdenad
srulyofili da aRmatebulia, rom mas SeuZlebelia mivaw-
eroT xiluli sinamdvilis niSan-Tvisebebi. sakiTxis ufro

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 10.
2
plotine. V eneada, me-3 wigni, $11. visargebleT plotines enea­
debis Semdegi TargmanebiT: Плотин. Избранные трактаты. `Вера и
Разум~, Харъков. Эннеада V, 1898, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14,17, 19; Эннеада VI, 1899,
2, 6, 11, 15; 1900, 18-21; PPlotins Schriften. Überzetzt von Richard Harder.
Leipzig, 1930-1937, Bd. I-V; l. aleqsiZe. neoplatonuri filosofia.
plotini da iambliqosi. Tb., 2009, gv. 71-92 [V, 1, $$1-12].
3
iqve, $13.
4
iqve, $14.
67
naTelsayofad fsevdo-dionise garkveul paralelsac mi­
marTavs: mas, rogorc umaRles srulyofils, vuwodebT
usasrulos im gagebiT, rom is yovelgvar sasrulosa da
usasrulobaze maRla mdgomia (`..vaTar-igi usasrulobasa
zeSTaasrulesaT¢s~). Cven mier areopagituli moZRvrebidan
moyvanili adgilebi, aCvenebs, rom RmerTisgan CvenTvis cno-
bili saxelwodebebis, predikatebis Camocileba – uaryofa
(e. i. RmerTis uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba) misi naklovanebis
ki ara, aramed, piriqiT, – misi umaRlesi srulyofilebis
maCveneblia.
fsevdo-dionise TxzulebaSi `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~
aRniSnavs: `...yovelTa Soris icnobebis RmerTi da garegan
yovelTa, da cnobiTaca icnobebis RmerTi... ars misi mo-
goneba¡ da sityua¡... da sxua¡ yoveli; da arca icnobebis,
arca iTqumis... arca ra¡s arsTaganisa Soris icnobebis; da
yovelTa Soris yovel ars da arca erT ras Soris arara; da
yovelTa mier yovliTurT icnobebis da arca erTsa ras So-
ris araraiT~1. areopagituli moZRvrebis es adgili arsebi-
Tad migvaCnia orive meTodis ontologiuri safuZvelebisa
da urTierTmimarTebis dadgenisTvis. aRniSnuli debulebis
pirvel nawilSi mocemulia RmerTis dadebiTi daxasiaTeba
(katafatika). rac Seexeba debulebis meore nawils, aq naT-
lad Cans, rom msjeloba exeba RmerTis uaryofiT daxa-
siaTebas. am debulebis gagebis mTeli siZnele swored is
aris, rom erTsa da imave adgilas sapirispiro mosazrebebia
gamoTqmuli. Tuki debulebas davanawilebT da cal-calke
ganvixilavT, maSin misi gageba Zneli ar iqneba, vinaidan am
debulebis arc erTi nawili areopagituli moZRvrebisTvis
ucxo ar aris. magram, Tuki debulebas mTlianobaSi gan-
vixilavT, maSin igi bevr axals gvetyvis RmerTis orgvari
daxasiaTebis TvalsazrisiT. am debulebis mixedviT, Rmer-
Ti yvela arsebaSi yvelaferia (`yovliTa Soris yovelive
ars~), igi yvelaferSi Cans da icnobebis (`yovelTa mier

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 72.

1

68
yovliTurT icnobebis~). es aris debulebis is nawili, ro-
melic RmerTis dadebiTi daxasiaTebis safuZvels iZleva.
Mmeore mxriv, am debulebaSi aRniSnulia, rom RmerTi arsad
araa (`arc erTa Soris arara¡~) da arc erT arsebaSi Seic-
noba (`arca ra¡sa arsTaganisa Soris icnobebis~). yovelive
amis safuZvelze winaswar gakeTebulia daskvna, rom Rmer-
Tis codna, saxelis wodeba, gamoxatva da a. S. SeuZlebelia
(`arca icnobebis, arca saxelidebis, arca iTqumis, da ara
ra¡ ars arsTagani...~). sabolood ki mTeli es msjeloba
Sejamebulia aseve winaaRmdegobrivi mosazrebiT, romlis
Tanaxmadac RmerTi yvelganaa, da arcaa yvelgan, yvelafer-
Si Seicnoba da arc Seicnoba. rogor gavigoT es Tvalsaz-
risi, romelSic erTmaneTis gverdiT mocemulia urTierT-
gamomricxavi debulebebi?
davuSvaT, rom areopagituli moZRvrebis mixedviT,
RmerTi sinamdvilis mimarT transcendenturia, ese igi,
misi miRweva racionaluri codnis safuZvleze SeuZle-
belia. axla mivmarToT am princips Cven mier aRniSnuli
Tvalsazrisis gasarkvevad. es Tvalsazrisi gveubneba, rom
RmerTi yvelganaa da amasTan, arsad araa. RmerTis sinamd-
vileSi aryofnas Tu gavigebT, rogorc transcendentizms,
maSin gadaulaxav winaaRmdegobaSi CavvardebiT, radganac
Zalas dakargavs debuleba – RmerTi yvelganaa da amas-
Tan, arsad ar aris. am SemTxvevaSi SegviZlia mxolod imis
Tqma, rom RmerTi sinamdvileSi ar aris, vinaidan RmerTis
transcendenturoba ver SeiTavsebs mis yvelgan myofo-
bas (imanenturobas). maSasadame, Tuki RmerTs areopagiti-
kaSi gavigebT, rogorc transcendenturs, maSin yovelgvar
safuZvels moklebuli iqneba fsevdo-dionises msjelobebi
imis Sesaxeb, rom SeiZleba RmerTis rogorc dadebiTi daxa-
siTeba, ise uaryofiTi, RmerTi Cans da arc Cans yvelafer-
Si. am SemTxvevaSi Zalas kargavs areopagitulo debuleba
– RmerTi `yovelTa Soris ars da arca erTsa ras Soris ar-
ara¡~. amrigad, areopagitikaSi RmerTis transcendenturo-

69
bis aRiarebiT gadaulaxav winaaRmdegobaSi vvardebiT. ami-
tomac sxva gzaa saWiro aRniSnuli Tvalsazrisis gasagebad
da gasamarTleblad.
daviwyoT imiT, rom RmerTis zeaRmatebuleba gavigoT
ara rogorc transcendentizmi, aramed rogorc srul­
yofilebis umaRlesi forma, romelic misgan gamomdi­ nare
arsebebs Tavisi srulyofilebiT, sisrulis, xarisxiT aRe-
mateba. Aaxla ki vnaxoT, ra saxes miiRebs Cven mier are­
opagitikidan sailustraciod moyvanili debuleba. Tuki
RmerTSi vigulisxmebT axla aRniSnul srulyofilebas, de-
bulebis pirveli nawili sadavo araa da gulisxmobs, rom
RmerTi yvelganaa da yvelgan Seicnoba. debulebis meore
nawili sawinaaRmdegos gveubneba: rac ar unda naziarebi
iyos sinamdvile Tavisi arsebebiT RvTaebas, is CamorCe-
ba mas srulyofilebiT, amitomac maT Soris gansxvavebaa.
RmerTi, rogorc srulyofilebis umaRlesi forma, imde-
nad aRmatebulia xiluli sinamdvilis arsebebze, rom mas
araferi Seesabameba, rac sinamdvileSi arsebobs (`..ara ra¡
ars arsTagani...~). amis gamo fsevdo-dionises mixedviT,
RmerTis daxasiaTeba CvenTvis cnobili arsebebiT SeuZle-
belia, vinaidan isini ver gamoxataven mis bunebas. amrigad,
areopagitikaSi bevr adgilas erTmaneTis gverdiT mocemu-
li winaaRmdegobrivi Tvalsazrisebis gamarTleba RmerTis
transcendentizmis aRiarebiT ver aixsneba da igi mxolod
RmerTis amgvarad gagebuli srulyofilebis safuZvelzea
SesaZlebeli.
fsevdo-dionises azriT, RmerTi yvela arsebulTa mize-
zia, magram TviTon igi maTze metia da arc erT maTganze ar
daiyvaneba, `..viTarmed yovelTave arsTa mizez ars, xolo
T¢T arca erTi maTgani, vina¡Tgan maT yovelTa zeSTa-
arsebisa amaRlebul ars~1. rogor gavigoT es mosazreba?
xom araa igi winaaRmdegobrivi? Sua saukuneebis religi-
uri filosofiisTvis aRniSnuli debuleba misaRebia. ker-

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 10.

1

70
Zod, Sua saukuneebis religiur-Teologiuri Tvalsazrisis
mixedviT,1 RmerTi samyaros, sinamdviles qmnis arafrisgan.
amdenad, es debuleba ukve amgvarad gagebuli aRaraa wi-
naaRmdegobis Semcveli: RmerTi ar daiyvaneba arafrisgan
Seqmnil sinamdvilis arsebebze. magram, ar iqneba swori
Tu aRniSnuls pirdapir gavavrcelebT areopagitikazec,
vinaidan areopagituli moZRvrebis mixedviT, sinamdvile
aris RmerTisgan gamomdinareoba. ramdenadac areopagiti-
kaSi aRiarebulia arsebaTa gamomdinareoba RmerTidan da
es gamomdinareoba emanaciuri xasiaTisaa, amitomac areopa­
gitikaSi, kerZod, mis filosofiur nawilSi RmerTis tran-
scendentizmi ara gvaqvs, vinaidan RmerTidan (pirvelmize-
zidan) arsebebis emanaciuri gamomdinareoba ver iguebs
mas. zemoT ganxiluli areopagituli debulebis – RmerTi
yvelganaa da arcaa yvelgan, yvelgan Seicnoba da arsadac
ar Seicnoba – gamarTleba SeiZleba mxolod im SemTxveva-
Si, Tuki RmerTs gavigebT im azriT, romlis Tanaxmadac
igi, rogorc srulyofileba da arsebaTa dasabami mizezia,
xolo rogorc umaRlesi srulyofileba, romelic aRemate-
ba arsebebs Tavisi srulyofilebiT, ar daiyvaneba maTze.
areopagitul moZRvrebaSi apofatikuri meTodis arsis
gasagebad didi mniSvneloba aqvs RmerTSi arsebaTa ukuda-
brunebis sakiTxis garkvevas.
areopagitul moZRvrebaSi RmerTidan gamosuli arse-
bebis iseve masSive dabrunebis sakiTxi imiTaa mniSvnelovani,
rom pasuxs iZleva kiTxvaze – RmerTis ranairi gageba edeba
safuZvlad apofatikur meTods. rogorc aqamde naCveneb
iqna, apofatikuri meTodi RmerTis transcendenturobas
ki ar emyareba, aramed mis srulyofilebas. Tuki areopagi-
tikis filosofiur nawilSi apofatikur meTods RmerTis
transcendentizmi ar uZevs safuZvlad, es unda gamoCndes
RmerTSi arsebebis ukudabrunebis magaliTze. Tuki RmerTi

amis Sesaxeb dawvr. ix. А. Гарнак. История догматов. Общая история

1

европейской культуры. СПБ, 1911, т. VI, отд. 2.

71
sinamdvilis arsebebisadmi transcendenturia, maSin arse-
bebis dabruneba masSi SeuZlebeli iqneba, vinaidan arsebe-
bi da RmerTi am SeTxvevaSi mowyvetilia erTmaneTs. ufro
zustad, arsebebi RmerTidan ki ar gamomdinareobs, aramed
RmerTis mier aris arafrisgan Seqmnili. am mimarTebiT yu-
radRebas imsaxurebs neoplatonizmi, sadac pirvelmizezSi
arsebebis ukudabrunebas didi adgili aqvs daTmobili.
radganac RmerTi yvelaze srulyofilia da arsebebisTvis
imaze ukeTesi da sasurveli ra unda iyos, Tu ara Rmer-
Tisken miswrafeba, raTa eziaron umaRles srulyofilebas. P
ise, rogorc proklesTan, aseve areopagitikaSic naT-
lad Cans, rom RmerTi aris sinamdvilis safuZveli. Aami-
tomac misken, rogorc safuZvlisken, mizezisken, sru-
lyofilebisken, arsebebi miiswrafvian. magram ramdenadac
miswrafeba xdeba pirvelmizezisken, amitom igi mizanicaa.
arsebisaTvis pirvelmizezSi dabruneba specifikuria. `...
romlisa (pirvelmizezis, RmerTis, – m. m.) mimarT yovel-
ni miiqcevian, viTarca T¢sisa TiToeulisa maTisa aRsas-
rulisa da romlisa suris yovelTa: sacnaurTa ukue da
sity¢erTa – mecnierebiT, xolo grZnobadTa-grZnobadobiT
da unawiloTa grZnobisagan maT Soris danerguliTa miT
aRZrviTa cxovlobisa survilisa¡Ta, xolo ucxovloTa da
mxolod arsTa oden-mxolod arsebiTiTa oden simarj¢sa
mimReblobiTa~1. rogorc vxedavT, roca areopagitul moZ-
RvrebaSi, RmerTTan dabrunebazea msjeloba, igulisxmeba,
rom mTeli sinamdvile RvTaebasaTan aris naziarebi. azro-
brivi arsebebi pirvelmizezTan Semecnebis meSveobiT erTi-
andeba; grZnobadi sagnebi SegrZnebebis meSveobiT; arsebebi,
romelTac wili ara aqvT grZnobadobaSi, eziareba maTSi
arsebuli sicocxlis surviliT. Bbolos ki (rac ZiriTa-
dia am SemTxvevaSi) aRniSnulia, rom arsebebi, romlebSic
sicocxlis niSan-wyalic araa, RmerTTan erTiandeba TviT
maTi arsebobis faqtiT. ese igi maTi arsebobis faqti ukve

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 33.

1

72
niSnavs, rom isini RvTaebrivni arian. aq mniSvnelovani isaa,
rom fsevdo-dionises gansjis obieqtia ara mxolod suli-
eri arsebebi, aramed sinamdvilis yoveli arseba usulo
arsebebiT damTavrebuli. amrigad, areopagituli moZRvre-
ba iZleva sinamdvilis erTian suraTs, sadac yovel arse-
bas Tavisi adgili aqvs miCenili, Tavisi srulyofilebis
xarisxis mixedviT.
areopagitikaSi RmerTi arsebebis mizezi da safuZve-
lia, misi meSveobiT aqvs yovel arsebas sicocxle, ar-
seboba da amasTan, RmerTi arsebebis ara marto mizezia,
aramed maTi mizani da dasasruli. RmerTi TviTon Semoi-
krebs misken, rogorc sikeTisken, arsebebs `da misT¢s da
mis mimarT (igulisxmeba RmerTi, – m. m.) trfial arian
udaresni (naklebsrulyofilni, – m. m.) umaRlesTa mimarT
miqceviT da ziarebiT, Tana-monivTeni Tana-modaseTa da
Tana da umaRlesni udaresTa mimarT wina-ganmgeblobiT da
T¢T TavTa T¢sTa mimarT TiToeuli SemokrebiT~1. aq �������
naT-
lad Cans, rom sinamdvile erTi mTelia, romlis saTaveSia
RmerTi, romelic sagnebs, arsebebs Tavisken izidavs. Aamg-
varad, mTeli sinamdvile RmerTiTaa gaerTianebuli; arse-
bebs yvela unari RvTaebisgan aqvT (`rameTu misgan da mis
mier ars YyovelTa Yyoveli arseba¡ da cxoreba¡ da gonebisa
da sulisa da yovlisa bunebisa simcireni...~). amitomac aris
arsebaTa miswrafeba misken. Tavis mxriv, RvTaeba srulyofs
arsebebs, sagnebs da ukudaabrunebs maT Tavisi Tavisken
(`yovelsave hyofs, yovelsave srulhyofs, yovelsave ipy-
robs, yovelsave moaqcevs~). amrigad, RmerTi yovel arsebas
arsebobas aniWebs (`yovelsave hyofs~), yovel arsebas mis-
gan aqvs srulyofileba (`yovelsave srulyofs~) da yovel
arsebas Tavisken ukudaabrunebs (`yovelsave moaqcevs~). Ees
Tvalsazrisi im mxrivaa mniSvnelovani, rom aq cxadadaa
naCvenebi arsebebisa da pirvelmizezis erTianoba. rodesac
aRiarebulia, rom RmerTi yvelafris mizezia, misgan xdeba

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 38.

73
arsebebis gamomdinareoba da amasTan, misgan gamosul ar-
sebebs RvTaeba ukan abrunebs, adgili aRar rCeba RmerTis,
rogorc pirvelmizezis transcendenturi gagebisTvis.
areopagitul moZRvrebaSi sxva adgilas ufro mkacradaa
gatarebuli RmerTisa da arsebebis erTianobis principi.
RmerTi arsebebs ara marto arsebobas aZlevs da srulyofs,
aramed maT saSualebasac ki ar aZlevs, rom mas CamoSordes.
aq saWiroa gavixsenoT RmerTis mier arsebebisadmi sikeTis,
RvTaebrivi Zalis miniWeba. RmerTi arsebebs Tavis RvTae-
briv Zalas aZlevs. RvTaebrivi Zala miefineba yvela ar-
sebas da ar arsebobs arseba, romelic ar iyos naziarebi
RvTaebas. swored RvTaebrivi Zalis meSveobiT aris arse-
bebi RmerTTan mtkiced Sekruli `...kualad yovelTa missa
mimarTve, viTarca ufskrulisa ra¡sme, mimaqcevelobisa da
Semcvelobisa maTisa... yovelTa Semomkrebelobisa, Semamt-
kicebulobiTa da ara mimSuebelobiTa ganvrdomad misgan,
viTarc yovliT-kerZo¡sa sina£isagan warwymedad vina¡Tve.~1
maSasadame, RmerTisgan arsebebis CamoSoreba maTi daRupva,
gauqmeba (`warwymeda~) iqneboda, amitomac RmerTi arsebebs
maT nebaze ar uSvebs da isini mtkiced hyavs SemoerTe-
buli. amrigad, arsebebi, rogoric ar unda iyvnen isini da
sadac ar unda imyofebodnen, RmerTTan erTianobaSia da
es erTianoba TviT RmerTis meSveobiTaa SenarCunebuli.
RmerTi inarCunebs am erTianobas, vinaidan Tuki arsebebi
mas CamoSordeba, maSin isini daiSlebian da adgili eqneba
arsebaTa aRrevas: `yovelTa ganyofilTa da Seasrulebs da
Seamtkicebs da ara miuSeubs ganWrad da daTxeviT ganbevad
(daRvra, – m. m.) uzomoebisa... [vinaidan]. gan£uebul-yofad
RmerTisagan da gansrul-yofad TavTa T¢sTa erTobisagan
urTierTas SerevniTa yovlad aRreviTiTa~2.
aq sainteresoa am Tvalsazrisis prokles (412-485)
filosofiasTan siaxlove. pirvelad proklem daayena

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 85.
2
iqve, gv. 87.

74
sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, rom pirvelmizezidan arsebebi kidec
unda gamomdinareobdes da mas kidec unda ubrundebodes.
proklem specialurad gamoikvlia yvela es winaaRmdegoba,
romelTac adgili eqnebaT im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki vaRiarebT
pirvelmizezidan an mxolod arsebebis gamomdinareobas an
mxolod�����������������������������������������������
arsebaTa��������������������������������������
����������������������������������������������
dabrunebas���������������������������
�������������������������������������
. prokles������������������
�������������������������
mixedviT���������
�����������������
, SeuZle-
�������
belia,�����������������������������������������������
rom�������������������������������������������
����������������������������������������������
pirvelmizezidan���������������������������
������������������������������������������
arsebebis�����������������
��������������������������
mxolod����������
����������������
gamomdin-
���������
areobas (gamosvlas) hqondes adgili. Aam SemTxvevaSi (ese igi,
ukudabruneba Tu ar iqneba) ar gveqneba erTiani principi,
gveqneba mxolod gamosvla da arsebebi mowyvetili iqneba
Tavis�����������������������������������������������������
����������������������������������������������������
mizezs����������������������������������������������
, ��������������������������������������������
ar������������������������������������������
�����������������������������������������
iqneba�����������������������������������
����������������������������������
maT�������������������������������
������������������������������
Soris�������������������������
������������������������
kavSiri. msgavsi viTare-
ba iqneba, Tuki mizezSi mxolod dabrunebas eqneba adgili1.
rogorc vxedavT, proklesTan mizezsa da Sedegs Soris (es
principi ki gulisxmobs pirvelmizezisa da sinamdvilis
damokidebulebas�������������������������������������
) �����������������������������������
aucilebeli�������������������������
������������������������
kavSiri�����������������
����������������
arsebobs��������
. ������
areop-
agitul filosofiaSi prokles es Tvalsazrisi garkveul
rols unda asrulebdes, rasac adasturebs areopagituli
moZRvrebis���������������������������������������������
is������������������������������������������
��������������������������������������������
nawili�����������������������������������
�����������������������������������������
, sadac����������������������������
���������������������������������
RmerTi���������������������
���������������������������
da������������������
��������������������
arsebebi���������
�����������������
erTiano-
��������
baSia mocemuli. es azri unda ganamtkicos pirvelmizezSi
arsebebis ukudabrunebis biZgis mimcemis ganxilvam.
marTalia, arsebebi miiswrafvian RmerTisken, magram
ra aris Zala, romelic mimarTavs arsebebs umaRlesi ar-
sebisken, anu RmerTisken? Ees Zala, fsevdo-dionises az-
riT, aris `trfialeba¡~ (erosi). es Zala (trfialebis Zala)
RvTaeb­rivia da cal-calke arsebul arsebebs aerTianebs da
mimarTavs RmerTisken, `da ars trfialebaჲ saRmrToჲ Zal
erT-myofel da Semkrvel da Semzavebel ganyofilTa erT-
yofad keTilsa zeda da saxierebasa winaჲTve qonebulisa
misT¢s... romliTa ipyrobs erT-modaseTa ziarebiTsa Sina
urTierT arsobasa da aRsZravs pirvelTa ganmgebel-yofad
SemdgomTa da ganamtkicebs udaresTa miqcevad umaRlesTa
mimarT~2. Tuki erosi RvTaebrivi Zalaa, is, ra Tqma unda,

Прокл. Первоосновы теологии. Тб., 1972, gv. 45.

1

2
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 40-41.

75
sikeTis Semcvelicaa. swored sikeTis meSveobiT trfialeba
arsebebs aerTianebs da RmerTisken miswrafebas uRviZebs.
trfialebis Zala SeiZleba mravalnairad gamovlindes, ma-
gram yovelgvar gamovlenaSi is ar kargavs Tavis ZiriTad
funqcias, kerZod, igi aris arsebaTa gamaerTianebeli da
Semkvreli: `trfialeba¡ gina Tu saRmrToჲ anu angeloze-
bri, gina sacnaurebri, gina mS¢nvierebri anu bunebiTi da
nergobiTi raJams vTquaT, erTobiTsa rasme da SezavebiTsa
Zalsa gulis£ma-vhyofT~1.
trfialeba rom arsebebsa da RmerTs Soris erTgvari
gamaerTianeblis rols asrulebs, cxadad Cans areopagitu-
li moZRvrebis Semdegi adgilidanac: `rameTu T¢T igi keTi-
lis moqmedi arsTa trfialeba¡ saxierebisa Soris zeSTaaR-
matebiT wina¡Tve iyo, romeli-igi ara uteva man uSobelad
Tavsa Soris T¢ssa yofad, aramed aRZra igi moqmedebis yo-
fad yovelTave moqmedebisa aRmatebulebiTa~2. Tu es ad-
gili unda SevadaroT trfialebis Zalis im unars, romlis
mixedviTac arsebebi erTiandeba da RmerTs ubrundeba. aq
sayuradRebo daskvnis gakeTeba SeiZleba. rogorc irkveva,
RmerTSi winaswarve arsebula trfialeba, romelmac Rmer-
Ti aRZra moqmedebisadmi. ufro swored trfialebis Zalam
ar daaneba, rom RmerTi warmoSobis gareSe yofiliyo (`ara
uteva man uSobelad Soris T¢ssa yofad~). Ggamodis, rom
fsevdo-dionises azriT, trfialebis Zala erTdroulad
sagnebis warmoSobasac udebs safuZvels da maT RmerTSi
ukudabrunebasac. Aamrigad, trfialeba swored is Zala yo-
fila, romlis meSveobiTac arsebebsa da pirvelmizezs So-
ris erTianobaa.
RmerTidan arsebebis gamomdinareoba da masSi arsebebis
ukudabruneba trfialebis Zalis ganxilvam aCvena. amasTan,
es dabruneba garkveuli kanonzomierebiT mimdinareobs. ker-
Zod, jer xdeba arsebaTa dabruneba uSualo mizezSi, Semdeg

iqve, gv. 42.

1

iqve, gv. 38.

2

76
am mizezis meSveobiT ufro winamaval mizezSi da a. S. vidre
RmerTamde. aq unda aRiniSnos, rom fsevdo-dionise uSua-
lod mihyveba prokles filosofias. es sakiTxi proklesTan
dawvrilebiTaa ganxiluli. prokles azriT, yoveli arseba
miiswrafvis sikeTisken da aRwevs mas Tavisi uaxlesi mizez-
is meSveobiT. amitomac yoveli sagani miiswrafvis sakuTari
mizezisken1. yoveli arseba ubrundeba imas, risganac mom-
dinareobs. Aaxla SevadaroT mas areopagituli Tvalsazrisi
da cxadi gaxdeba maTi siaxlove: …„igiveoba¡ da saSuvalTa
da kideTa pyroba¡ da T¢T maT sxuaTa mpyrobelTa¡ca mis
mierve pyroba¡ da kualad missa mimarTve miqceva¡ yovel-
Tave misgan gamomavalTa¡.~2
gairkva, rom sagnebi, arsebebi ubrundebian Tavis mi­
zezs da a. S. pirvel mizezamde. sainteresoa, rogor er-
TianobaSia pirvelmizezi da arsebebi, roca arsebebi mas
ubrundeba. aqac fsevdo-dionises saintereso azri aqvs
gamoTqmuli. marTalia, arsebebi (sagnebi) RmerTis msgavsia,
magram es msgavseba araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda gavigoT,
rogorc igiveoba: `xolo msgavsebasa RmrTisaT¢s, ukueTu
vinme viTarca igiveobad ityodis, viTarca yovelTa yov-
lisa mier Tavisa T¢sisa mxoloobiT da ganuyoflad ms-
gavs arssa, amiT saxiTa ara upatio iyos Cuenda msgavsisa
RmrTis-saxeloba¡~3. fsevdo-dionises SeuZleblad miaCnia,
rom arsebebi iyvnen RmerTis igivebrivi da ar gaaCndeT
damoukidebloba. marTalia, sagnebi emsgavseba RmerTs, ma-
gram igiveobrivi mainc ar aris. Aaq pirvelmizezi (RmerTi)
kreacionistuli TvalsazrisiT rom iyos ganxiluli, ma-
Sin arsebebi (sagnebi) warmoSobili iqneba arafrisgan da
isini pirvelmizezSi dabrunebisas dakargaven TavianT sub-
stanciurobas. areopagituli moZRvrebis am Tvalsazrisis
Tanaxmad, RmerTs faqtobrivad wesrigi Seaqvs arsebebSi

Прокл. Первоосновы теологии. gv. 44.

1

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 84.

2

iqve, gv. 82.

3

77
RvTaebrivi Zalis ganfeniT. arsebebSi RvTaebrivi Zalis
arseboba arsebebisa da RmerTis erTianobas niSnavs, rac
areopagitikis filosofiur nawilSi ufro RmerTis imanen-
turi bunebis maCvenebelia.
bolos ki SevexebiT RvTaebrivi Zalis gavrcelebis
maradiul bunebas, rac RmerTisa da sinamdvilis mimarTebis
maradiulobis maCvenebelia. fsevdo-dionises azriT, Rmer-
Tidan umdablesi arsebebisken xdeba RvTaebrivi Zalis gas-
vla. Ees gasvla da Semdgom ukudabruneba wriuli xasiaTisaa
da amasTan, rac mTavaria, maradiulia, `viTarmed erTi ra¡me
ars martivi Zali T¢TmoZra¢obiTi, erTobiTad radme Seza-
vebad saxierebisagan vidre T¢T amaT ukuana¡sknelTamde1
da kualad mierve SemdgomTa yovelTa saxierebisa mimarT
misgan da mis mier mis Soris Tavisave mimarT T¢sisa mom-
rgulebeuli maradis Tavsa Sina T¢ssa momaqcevi~2. amrigad,
TviTmoZraobiTi Zala, fsevdo-dionises azriT, gamaer-
Tianebeli Zalaa RmerTidan arsebebisaken da, piriqiT. `er-
TobiTad radme Sezavebad saxierebisagan vidre T¢T amaT
ukuana¡sknelTamde..~3 da, rac mTavaria, avtors es procesi
maradiulad miaCnia. Aamaze miTiTebulia areopagitikis sxva
adgilze: `viTarca saukuno¡ ra¡me simrgule saxierebisaT¢s,
saxierebisagan, saxierebasa Sina da saxierebisa mimarT uc-
TomeliTa moqceviTa moimrgulevis da mis Soris da masve
zeda maradis gamomaval arsca da hgiesca da dgas~4. ro-
gorc vxedavT, fsevdo-dionises RmerTSi arsebaTa yofna,
gamosvla da masSi ukudabruneba maradiul procesad mi-
ania. aq aSkarad Cans prokles filosofiis gavlenis kvali5.
amrigad, areopagitikaSi RmerTis mier arsebebSi wesrigis

1
`ukuana¡skneli~-Si – igulisxmeba xilul sinamdvileSi arsebu­
li yvelaze nakleb srulyofili arseba.
2
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 43.
3
iqve.
4
iqve, gv. 42.
5
Sdr. Прокл. Первоосновы теологии. gv. 45-46.

78
Setana – gaRvTaebriveba – (rac neoplatonuri filosofiis
enaze warmoSobas udris) da am gziT sagnebis RmerTTan er-
Tianoba sulac ar niSnavs maTi substanciurobis dakargvas.
fsevdo-dionisesTvis rogorc katafatikuri, ise apo-
fatikuri meTodi codnis agebis meTodebia. rogorc ka-
tafatikis, ise apofatikis gansjis sagania RmerTi, romlis
orgvarad daxasiaTebaa SesaZlebeli. RmerTis orgvari da-
xasiaTeba iZleva imis sababs, rom am meTodebis sxvadasxva
amosavali safuZvlebi iqnes daZebnili. Umetic, xSirad am
meTodebze dayrdnobiT areopagituli filosofia gaore-
buladaa warmodgenili. Cvenma kvlevam gvaCvena, rom areo-
pagitul moZRvrebaSi mocemul xsenebul meTodebs erTi da
igive ontologiuri safuZveli gaaCnia.
rogorc katafatika, ise apofatika filosofiuri cod-
nis meTodebia da RmerTis mistikuri xedva am meTodebiT
miRebul codnaze maRla dgas. Ees rom asea, TvalnaTliv
dasturdeba fsevdo-dionises im cnobili Tvalsazrisidan,
romlis mixedviTac SeiZleba RmerTis rogorc dadebiTi
daxasiaTeba, ise uaryofiTi da RmerTi imaze metia, vid-
re mis Sesaxeb aRniSnuli meTodebi gveubneba1. Tumca isic
unda aRiniSnos, rom areopagitikaSi garkveulad miniSnebu-
lia apofatikis upiratesobaze `jer ars ukue yovelTave
amaT arsTa saxovnebisa¡ msgavsebad missa dadeba¡ da waT-
quma¡ misT¢s, viTarca yovelTa mizezisaT¢s da kualad maT
yovelTaჲve usakuTresad ukuTquma¡~2.
raimes daxasiaTeba, iqneba es uaryofiTi Tu dadebiTi,
xdeba filosofiuri codnis sferoSi; amitomac es meTo-

1
amis Taobaze samarTlianad SeniSnavda a. briliantovi. areo­
pagitikaSi RmerTs rogori predikatebic ar unda miva­
weroT, ufro meti uflebiT SeiZleba isini CamovaciloT.
es ki imis maCvenebelia, rom RmerTi maRla dgas yovelgvar
gansazRvrebaze, iqneba es dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi. ix. А. Бри­
ллиантов. Влияние восточного богословия на западное в произведениях
Иоанна Скота Эригены. С.-Петербург, 1898, gv. 165.
2
areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224.

79
debi, romelic areopagitikaSia moxmarebuli, filosofi-
is – racionaluri codnis meTodebia. rac Seexeba RmerTis
im saxiT warmodgenas, romelic yovelgvar daxasiaTebaze
(rogorc dadebiTze, ise uaryofiTze) maRla dgas, swored
imas niSnavs, rom RmerTi, rogorc filosofiuri cod-
nis obieqti da RmerTi, rogorc mistikuri Wvretis obie-
qti, sxvadasxvaa. mistikuri xedvis poziciidan ganxiluli
RmerTi fsevdo-dionises imgvarad warmoudgenia, romelze-
dac raimes mimatebiT an gamoklebiT faqtobrivad araferi
emateba da arc akldeba: `..arc ars yovlad misi mateba¡,
gina mokleba¡; aramed Semdgomad missaRa vhyofT matebasa
da moklebasa, da mas Tavadsa arca ras vhmatebT arca ras
movaklebT, vina¡Tgan zeSTa yovelTa matebaTa ars yovli
kerZoჲ... zeSTa yovelTa moklebaTa..~1.
yvela zemoaRniSnulis safuZvelze fsevdo-dionise
epistoleSi mRvdelmTavar `tites mimarT~ erTmaneTisgan
mijnavs RvTismetyvelebis or sferos – filosofiasa da
Teologias. filosofiisTvis damaxasiaTebelia srulyofa,
garkveuloba, sicxade, mecnieruloba... xolo TeologiisT-
vis – gamouTqmeloba, mesaidumloeba, rwmena... `viTarmed
orsaxe ars RmrTis-metyuelTa sity¢s momcemeloba¡: ro-
melime gamouTumeli da saidumlo¡, xolo romelime saxis-
SemoRebiTi da srulyofiTi; da romelime usaCinoesi da
umecnieresi, xolo romelime sibrZnis moyuarebiTi da gamo-
CinebiTi; da Tana-SeTxzul arian TqumulTa Tana uTqumel-
ni da romelime Tana-Sekrul ars rwmunebasa da TqumulTa
WeSmaritebasa, xolo romelime iqms da daamyarebs RmrTi-
sad uswavleliTa mesaidumloeobiTa“2.
fsevdo-dionises azriT, RmerTi miRmuri da ucxoa
CvenTvis. Mmisi miRweva da codna Cveni adamianuri unariT
SeuZlebelia. Tuki vinmem RmerTi ixila da fiqrobs, Rmer-
Tis Sesaxeb codna aqvs, igi cdeba vinaidan RmerTis xilva

iqve, gv. 229.

1

areopagitika. epistole `tites mimarT~. gv. 251-252.

2

80
saerTod SeuZlebelia: `da vinca ixila RmerTi, gulis£ma-
yo, romeli igi ixila, viTarmed da ara T¢T igi Tavadi ixi-
la, aramed sxua¡ ra¡me arsTagani da uwyebulTa¡... [vinaidan]
gonebaTa da arsebaTa zeSTadamyarebul ars...~1. amrigad,
aqac xazgasmulia, rom RmerTis wvdoma codnis safuZvle-
ze SeuZlebelia.
RmerTis saboloo wvdoma SesaZlebelia ara codnis
safexurze, aramed mistikur WvretaSi. es Tvalsazrisi da-
maxasiaTebeli iyo Sua saukuneebis religiur-filosofiuri
msoflmxedvelobisTvis. mas fsevdo-dionisec aRiarebs.
RmerTis wvdomisTvis saWiroa yvela im adamianuri Tvise-
bebis CamoSoreba, romelic xels gviSlis amgvari wvdomisT-
vis: `...yovelni Tavni T¢sni yovelTave T¢sTagan ganvaSor-
neT da yovliTurT RmrTisad viqmnneT, rameTu umjobes
ars RmrTisad da ara TavTa T¢sTad yofa¡~2. RmerTTan
gaerTianebisTvis fsevdo-dionise areopageli did mniSv-
nelobas aniWebs locvis rols. locva aris garkveuli mo-
samzadebeli safexuri mistikuri WvretisTvis.
mistikuri Wvretis daSveba areopagitikaSi imis maCve-
nebelia, rom am moZRvrebisTvis RmerTis transcenden-
tizmi ucxo ar aris. magram es maSin, rodesac dadgindeba,
rom filosofiuri codna ver iZleva RmerTis srulyofil
suraTs. amis Semdeg fsevdo-dionise RmerTs (pirvelmizezs)
ganixilavs, rogorc mistikuri Wvretis sagans.

iqve, epistole `gaio¡s mimarT~. gv. 233.

1

iqve, `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 69.

2

81
 $ 3. sikeTis idea areopagitikaSi

1. sikeTe, rogorc pirvelmizezi

fsevdo-dionise aRniSnavs, rom misi mizania sikeTis cne-
bis dadgena, romelsac didi RvTismetyvelebi axasiaTeben,
rogorc umaRles srulyofilebas, `moved ukue aw da T¢T
mis saxierebis saxelisa sity¢sa miviwineT, romelsa-igi upi-
ratesad didni RmrTis-metyuelni zeSTaRmerTTasa RmrTee-
basa ganukuTneben da yovelTgan zeSTaaRamaRleben~1. mTa-
varia aq isaa, rom fsevdo-dionise iziarebs azrs, romelic
sikeTes ganixilavs, rogorc umaRles srulyofilebas. ama-
sTan, sikeTe ganekuTvneba RmerTis sameufos, ese igi, sike-
Te da RmerTi erTadaa2.
areopagituli wignebis avtoris azriT, vinaidan sike-
Te erTia, igi yvelafris mizezia, `..saxiereba¡ da sikeTe
erTobiTi ars yovelTa da mravalTa keTilTa mizezisa¡
misi~3. am mosazrebis naTelsayofad erTmaneTs SevadaroT
areopagituli Tvalsazrisi sikeTesa da pirvel erTze. si-
keTis Sesaxeb areopagitikaSi aRniSnulia, rom masSi moce-
muli RvTaebrivi erosi misgan maradiulad gamomdinareobs
da ukanve ubrundeba. es procesi wriuli xasiaTisaa: `da
viTarca saukuno¡ ra¡me simrgule saxierebisaT¢s, saxiere-
bisagan, saxierebisa Sina da saxierebisa mimarT ucTomel-
Ta moqceviTa moimrgulevis da mis Soris da masve zeda
maradis gamomaval arsca da hgiesca da dgas~4. RvTaebri-
vi erosis aRniSnuli gamosvla da ukudabruneba sikeTeSi

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 29.
2
e. celeri, rodesac ixilavs plotines filosofias, aRniSnavs,
rom plotinesTan RvTaebas sikeTe axasiaTebs ara rogorc
predikati, aramed RvTaeba TviTaa sikeTe. ix. celeris dasax.
naSr., gv. 492.
3
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 36. rogorc
vxedavT, areopagituli moZRvreba am sakiTxSi Zalze axlosaa
plotines filosofiasTan.
4
iqve, gv. 42.

82
faqtobrivad aris TviT sikeTis (rogorc pirvelmizezis)
gasvla sakuTari Tavidan da Tavis TavSi ukudabruneba.
ramdenadac erosi RvTaebrivia, TviT RmerTic, pirveli
erTic aseve xasiaTdeba, kerZod: pirvelsawyisi erTi aris
yvelafris dasabami, igi yvela arsebas uswrebs win da Ta-
visTavSi imyofeba. igi arc moZraobs, arc dgas – `yovelTa
mimarT wina-gamomaval ars da hgies Tavsave Sina T¢ssa, dgo-
masac Sina da moZravobasaca~1. rogorc aRniSnulidan Cans,
areopagitul moZRvrebaSi pirveli erTi da sikeTe erTsa
da imave arsebas gamoxatavs, kerZod, RmerTs.
areopagitikaSi pirveli erTi da sikeTe rom substan-
ciis aRmniSvnelia, iqidanac Cans, rom orive gamodis ro-
gorc arsebaTa saboloo mizani. areopagitikaSi dgeba sa-
kiTxi, Tu ratomaa sikeTe, erTi mxriv, erosi da, meore
mxriv, sasurveli. fsevdo-dionises azriT,Ees imis gamo, rom
sikeTe, erTi mxriv, aris siyvarulis mizezi, xolo, meore
mxriv, TviTonaa siyvaruli da erosi. `amisaT¢s, rameTu pir-
velisa mis mizez ars da wina-momatyuebel da mSobel, xolo
meore T¢T igi ars~2 erosi. amgvaradve aqvs daxasiaTebu-
li fsevdo-dionises pirveli erTic. Ppirveli erTi, erTi
mxriv, aris mizezi, xolo, meore mxriv, saganTa sazRvari.
igi rogorc dasabami mizezia, xolo rogorc mizani arse-
baTa sazRvaria: `dasabam ukue, viTarca mizezi, xolo da-
sasrul, rameTu mis ZliT arian yovelni~3.
sikeTisa da pirveli erTis erTianoba areopagitikaSi,
rogorc zemoaRniSnulidan Cans, udavoa. Aaq SeiZleba Sejam-
des miRebuli Sedegebi. fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, sikeTis
ideiT gamoixateba pirvelmizezi (RmerTi). igi aris umaRle-
si srulyofileba, yvelafris sawyisi. Ppirveli erTi da Rv-
Taeba sabolood erTi da igivea. areopagituli moZRvreba
aRniSnul sakiTxebSi agrZelebs neoplatonur Tvalsazriss.

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 65.
2
iqve, gv. 42.
3
iqve, gv. 65.

83
 mniSvnelovania agreTve isic, rom areopagitikaSi si-
keTisa (pirvelmizezis) da sinamdvilis arsebaTa mimarTeba
triaduli principiTaa gaazrebuli. kerZod, roca sikeTeSi
arsebul RvTaebriv sikeTes ixilavs, fsevdo-dionise aRniS-
navs, rom RvTaebrivi sikeTidan gasvla, sikeTeSi yofna da
sikeTeSi dabruneba maradiuli procesia. msgavs viTareba-
sTan gvaqvs saqme, rodesac fsevdo-dionise ixilavs pirve-
li erTis bunebas, raSic cxadad Cans prokles filosofiis,
kerZod, misi cnobili triaduli principis gavlenis kvali.
prokles triaduli principi gamoxatulia debulebiT: `is,
rac gamoxatulia mizeziT, rCeba mizezSic, gamomdinareobs
misgan da masve ubrundeba kidec~1. prokles filosofiis
gavlena areopagitikaze Cans, agreTve, sikeTisa da pirve-
li erTis igiveobis sakiTxSic. prokle, roca ixilavs pir-
vel erTsa da sikeTes, im daskvnamde midis, rom isini igi-
veobrivni arian2.
aq bunebrivia kiTxva: ratom aRiniSneba erTi da igive
arseba ori saxeliT? kerZod, erTi substancia gamoxatu-
lia sikeTisa da pirveli erTis cnebebiT. mocemul kiTx-
vebze arsebobs aseTi pasuxi: `sikeTe aris igive pirveli
erTi, magram im gansxvavebiT, rom igi Tvisebrivad ufro
srulia~3.

2. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba

areopagitul moZRvrebaSi sikeTe, rogorc aRvniSneT,
yvelafris safuZvelia. igi rogorc mizezi, ar icvleba,
`...zecisaTa maTca dasabamTa da SesrulebaTa mizez igive
bunebiTi saxiereba¡ ars aRuorZinebelisa da moukleblisa
da yovlad dau£snelisa arsebisa maTisa...~4. sikeTe Tavis

1
Прокл. dasax. naSr., gv. 35-46.
2
iqve, gv. 34.
3
А. Лосев. Примечания к переводу трактата. Прокл. Первоосновы теологии.
Тб., 1972, gv.146.
4
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 32.

84
RvTaebriv Zalebs ganafens da ar arsebobs arseba, romli-
sadmic sikeTe ar iyos ganfenili: `da arca erTi ars xi-
lulTagani, sada-igi miiwevs zeSTagarda sididiTa T¢sTa
brwyinvalebaTaiTa~. magram yvela arseba TanabarZalovnad
ver iRebs sikeTes. ra aris amis mizezi? Ffsevdo-dionises
azriT, amis mizezi RmerTSi ki ar aris, aramed arsebebSi, vi-
naidan RmerTi yvelas aniWebs Tavis Zalas, da Tu romelime
arseba mas ver iRebs, es misi, ufro swored, misi uunarobis
bralia: `xolo romeli ra¡ ver miiRebs naTelsa missa, ese
ara uZlurebisa¡ ars, arca simcirisa¡ naTelT-mimcemlobi-
sa misisa¡, aramed umarjobisagan naTelT-mimRebelTa¡sa...~1.
fsevdo-dionises azriT, Tuki sikeTis (RmerTis) Zala
yvelgan erTnairad ar aisaxeba – amis erT-erTi mizezia
usaxo materia, romelmac ver aiTvisa sikeTis RvTaebrivi
Zala: `xolo ukueTu visme akldes aw TqmulTa amaT simar-
jueTagani ra¡me, naklulevaneba¡ igi mizez eqmnebis mas ver
miRebisa da usaxurobisa da sxua¡, raodeni-ra¡ ars umar-
juobaTagani miuReblobisa¡Ta~2. rogorc vxedavT, fsevdo-
dionises mixedviT, xiluli – sinamdvilis arsebebSi sikeTis
Zalis arseboba Tu nakleboba TviT arsebaTa uunarobis
(e.i. sikeTis miRebis unaris arqonis) bralia.
Semdeg fsevdo-dionise svams kiTxvas – Tuki yvelafris
mizezi sikeTea, yvelgan da yvelaferSi gamefebulia sikeTis
Zala, maSin ratom arsebobs boroteba? ra aris misi mizezi
da dambadebeli? `ra¡ ars siborote? da romlisa dasabami-
sagan dabadebul ars~? TviT sikeTe xom ar aris misi mize-
zi? – `da viTar saxierebaman ineba dabadeba¡ misi?“3.
am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemas fsevdo-dionise Semdegi
Sinaarsis debulebiT iwyebs: boroteba araviTar SemTxveva-
Si ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos sikeTisgan momdinared da arc si-
keTisgan arsebobs igi. sikeTe da boroteba areopagitikaSi

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 33.
2
iqve, gv. 19.
3
iqve, gv. 44.

85
sxvadasxva sibrtyeSia da iseve SeuZlebelia maTi dakavSi-
reba, rogorc yinulisa da cecxlisa. rogorc irkveva, si-
keTe da boroteba sapirispiro procesebis gamomxatvelia.
rogor unda gavigoT es? Afsevdo-dionise pasuxobs, rom
sikeTisa da borotebis arseba sxvadasxvaa, kerZod, sike-
TisTvis arsebiTi da aucilebelia warmoSoba, xolo boro-
tebisTvis daSla, gauqmeba.
Semdeg fsevdo-dionise aRniSnavs, rom sikeTe aris
iseTi ram, romelic yvelafers moicavs, xolo, rac Seexe-
ba borotebas, igi ara marto arsis sferoSi araa, aramed
ararsis sferoSic ki ar arsebobs, `vina¡ca saxierebaჲ ars
friad upirates damtkicebul yovlad arsisaca da ara ar-
sisa yovlisa, xolo boroti arca arsTa Soris ars, arc ara
arsTa, aramed T¢T mis ara arsisaca friad ra¡me ucxo ars
igi da ganvrdomil saxierebisagan da friad ufro¡s missa
uarsebo~1. ramdenadac boroteba arsisa da ararsis sferos
ar miekuTvneba, amdenad igi, fsevdo-dionises azriT, arsis
aramqonea da saerTod, moklebulia arsebobas. aqedan ga-
momdinare igi ambobs, rom ar arsebobs TavisTavad iseTi
raime, romelic iyos boroteba (`da arcaRa T¢T boroti
iyos ra¡me~).
fsevdo-dionises mier borotebis uarsebod gamocxade-
ba ar aris originaluri azri, vinaidan, rogorc es Sesa-
valSi vnaxeT, plotines filosofiaSi boroteba araa `ab-
soluturi principi~ (hegeli). es ki imaze miuTiTebs, rom
borotebis arasubstanciurobis sakiTxi dgeba jer kidev
plotinesTan. magram plotinem borotebis aucilebloba
dauSva sikeTis Rirebulebis gasarkvevad, maSin, roca areo-
pagitikaSi, prokles filosofiaze damyarebiT, borotebas
araviTari pozitiuri mniSvneloba ar gaaCnia.
borotebis bunebis arsis CvenebisTvis areopagitika-
Si mocemulia borotebis cnebis analizi. saRvTo werilze
dayrdnobiT, fsevdo-dionise aRniSnavs, rom boroti, Tu

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 45.

1

86
igi namdvilad borotia, ar SeiZleba iyos arsebaTa mizezi
da warmomSobeli. Umetic, igi Seitans arsebebSi siborotes,
daSlis da gaauqmebs: `viTarmed boroti, romeli – igi T¢T
borot ars, arca erTisa arsebisa anu mSoblobisa mizez
iqmnes, mxolod ganaborotebs oden da Tavisa mier T¢sisa
ganxrwnis arsTa guamovnebasa~1. maSasadame, rogorc aRniS-
nulidan Cans, boroteba arsebebSi mxolod siborotes Sem-
tania da misi bunebisTvis araa damaxasiaTebeli saganTa,
arsebaTa warmoSoba, ese igi, boroteba araa pirvelmizezi.
rogorc vnaxeT, areopagitikaSi sikeTe da boroteba
erTmaneTs gamoricxavs. rac arsebobs, arsebobs mxolod
sikeTis meSveobiT. mTel samyaroSi ganfenilia sikeTidan
(pirvelmizezidan) momdinare RvTaebrivi Zalebi. Aamis gamo
samyaroSi borotebisTvis adgili aRar rCeba. Mmagram, meore
mxriv, faqtia, rom sikeTesTan erTad arsebobs borotebac.
rogor avxsnaT borotebis arsebobis faqti? ai, erT-erTi
umTavresi kiTxva, romelze pasuxis gacemac aucilebelia
borotebis bunebis gasagebad. sakiTxis gasar­kvevad fsevdo-
dionise isev ubrundeba sikeTidan momdinare RvTaebrivi
Zalebis gavrcelebis sakiTxs. rogorc aRiniSna, sikeTe
vrceldeba mTel samyaroze da ar arsebobs arseba, romelic
sikeTes ar eziaros. magram, rogorc viciT, ise rogorc
neoplatonur filosofiaSi, aseve areopagitikaSi pirvel-
mizezTan mimarTebiT arsebebi ganlagebulia gar­ kveuli
ierarqiuli principiT. zogierTi arseba ufro axlosaa
pirvelmizezTan, zogierTi – ufro Sors. swored amis gamo,
zogierTi arseba ufro metad iRebs sikeTis Zalebs, xolo
sxvebi SedarebiT naklebad. arsebulTa Soris sikeTis mi-
Rebis mixedviT aris gansxvaveba (`arsni yovelni amiT arian
ufro¡s da umcro¡s, raoden saxierebisa mimRebel arian~2).
arsebebi, rac ufro Sorsaa pirvelmizezidan (sikeTisgan),
ufro mcirdeba maTdami sikeTis Zalebis gavrcelebis simZ-

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 45.

1

iqve, gv. 48.

2

87
lavre. sikeTis es simcire fsevdo-dionises borotebis
mizezad miaCnia. MamasTan, borotebas Tavisi substanciuri
mizezi ar gaaCnia, igi sinamdvileSi sikeTisagan gadaxraa.
amas garda, arsebebSi sikeTis bolomde ganuxorcieleblo-
ba TviT am arsebebis nakleb srulyofilebiTaa gamowveu-
li, vinaidan sikeTe yvelgan erTnairad vrceldeba: `vina¡ca
xrwnilebisa mier qmnili Soba¡ ara borotisa Zalisa¡, ara-
med udaresisa keTilisa moslvisaჲ ars... rameTu yovlad
unawilo¡ keTilisagan arca iyos, arca ars, arca arsTa
Soris ars~1.
amrigad, areopagituli moZRvrebis mixedviT, arsebebSi
wesrigisa da rRvevis mizezia sikeTis arasrulyofilad
ganxorcieleba. es ki sabolood aris boroteba. maSasa-
dame, borotebis saTave yofila sikeTis arasrulyofili
ganxorcieleba, `rameTu ukueTu siborote ars usruloba¡
keTilisa¡, yovlad ganSoreba¡ keTilisa¡~2. es adgili ise
ar unda gavigoT, TiTqosda, fsevdo-dionises azriT, boro-
teba arsebobs. amgvarad gageba Secdoma iqneboda, vinaidan
boroteba ukve uaresobadaa gamocxadebuli3.
iqneb boroteba arsebobs sikeTesTan erTad, sikeTesTan
gaerTianebiT? es, fsevdo-dionises azriT, SeuZlebelia,
vinaidan am SemTxvevaSi sikeTes SeTavsebuli eqneba Tavisi
sapirispiro. es ki SeuZlebelia, vinaidan sikeTe martivia,
erTia, mxolod sikeTes afens da veraviTar SemTxvevaSi
ver SeiTavsebs sawinaaRmdegos, `rameTu T¢T igive da erTi
siborote saTnoeba¡ Tavisa T¢sisa mbrZolyofad yovlad
SeuZlebel ars; amisaTvis ara ars boroti~4.
marTalia, arsebaTa safuZveli sikeTea da rac misgan
momdinareobs, keTilia, magram xom SeiZleba arsebobdes

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 47-48.
2
iqve, gv. 48.
3
borotebis uarsoba aRiarebulia ioane petriwTanac. ix. ioane
petriwi. Sromebi. Tb., 1937, II t. gv. 212.
4
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 48.

88
sikeTis garda sxva sawyisi, rogorc substancia? mocemul
kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemiT, fsevdo-dionise faqtobrivad
sabolood arkvevs sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebas. misi
azriT, SeuZlebelia, rom borotebas sakuTari substancia
gaaCndes, vinaidan sikeTe, rogorc sawyisi da pirvelmizezi,
ueWvelia. mis gverdiT ki, meore sawyisis daSveba uazrobaa.
sawyisi (pirvelmizezi) mxolod erTi SeiZleba iyos da ara
ori, radganac Oori ki araa erTis mizezi, aramed, piriqiT,
erTia oris mizezi. amasTan, Tu Usawyisi ori iqneba, maSin
igi martivi ki aRar iqneba, aramed rTuli. es ki SeuZlebe-
lia, sawyisi aucilebelia iyos martivi, erTi1. Tuki sawyisi
ori iqneba, maSin igi Tavis Tavs daupirispirdeba da gaau-
qmebs mas: `rameTu yoveli oroba¡ ara ars dasabam, aramed
erToba¡ ars dasabam yovlisa orobisa. vina¡Tgan ujero ars
erTisa da misganve moslva¡ orTa¡ yovliTurT urTier-
Tas winaaRmdegomTa¡ da ra¡Tamca iyo igive dasabami ara
martivi da erTobiTi, aramed ganyofili da or-saxeobiTi
da winaaRmdgomi da dam¢sneli Tavisa T¢sisa¡~2. es vrce-
li amonaweri areopagitikidan aCvenebs, rom areopagitika-
Si boroteba arasubstanciuria, radganac sawyisi mxolod
erTi SeiZleba iyos. es erTi ki aris sikeTe, pirvelmizezi,
RmerTi, romelic yvelafris safuZvelia.
fsevdo-dionises azriT, borotebis warmomSobi ar
SeiZleba iyos RmerTi da, saerTod, RvTaebis sameufoSi
borotebas ara aqvs adgili. `vina¡ca ara RmrTisa mier ars
boroti, arca RmrTisa Soris ars boroti da boroti ara
saRmrTo ars... arca RmrTisa Soris, arca samaradiso, arca
Jamier“3. is, rac Cven boroteba gvgonia, sinamdvileSi aris
sikeTis Zalis Sesusteba. sinamdvileSi arsebul uwesrigo-

aq fsevdo-dionise areopageli mTlianad iziarebs prokles

1

Tvalsazriss pirveli erTis Sesaxeb. ix. Прокл. Первоосновы

теологии. gv. 1, 5, 6, 11.
2
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 49.
3
iqve.

89
bas safuZvlad boroteba ki ar uZevs, aramed sikeTis kleba.
fsevdo-dionises azriT, am klebas, Sesustebas Cven boro-
tebad vTvliT: `xolo moklebiTa da ganvrdomiTa maTda
SemsgavsebulTa keTilTჲTa borotad iTqumian da arianca
borot, viTar-igi pirvel ara iyvnes~1.
areopagitikaSi sainteresodaa ganxiluli bunebrivi ka-
nonzomierebis rRvevis sakiTxi. bunebaSi arsebuli uwesri-
goba TviT bunebrivi kanonzomierebis moSlaa: `xolo gax-
rwna bunebisa ars uZlureba¡ da mokleba¡ bunebiTTa wesTa
da ZalTa moqmedebaTa¡~2. rogorc viciT, fsevdo-dionise
areopagelis mixedviT, yovelgvari uwesrigobis, darRve-
vis, daSlis safuZvelia sikeTis kleba. amasTan, rogorc
ukve zemoT vnaxeT, bunebaSi arsebuli uwesrigobis mizezi
yofila bunebis kanonzomierebis sisuste da sikeTis kleba.
es ki miuTiTebs, rom bunebis kanonzomiereba fsevdo-dio-
nisesTvis aris sikeTis (rogorc pirvelmizezis) kanonzo-
mierebis erT-erTi rgoli.
bolos, fsevdo-dionise svams sakiTxs imis Taobaze, rom
iqneba swored bunebis wesrigis moSla aris boroteba. Aarc
es azria misaRebi, vinaidan sikeTis kleba, bunebrivi wesri-
gis darRveva sayovelTao principi ki araa, aramed, sikeTis
erTiani principisgan, gamonaklisi gadaxveva: `rameTu yov-
liTurTi mokleba¡ yovlad SeuZlebel ars, xolo zogs-re
mokleba¡ ara miT kerZo¡T miiRebs Zalsa, vinaჲ moklebul
ars, aramed mier kerZo¡T, vinaჲ-igi ara yovliTurT mokle-
bul ars. rameTu mokleba¡ keTilisa¡ aramed yoveliTurT
borot ars, aramed kerZod oden~3.
rogorc aRniSnulidan Cans, sikeTis absoluturi
dakleba, gauqmeba, SeuZlebelia, vinaidan am SemTxvevaSi
sikeTe dakargavda Tavis funqcias. rac Seexeba sikeTisgan
gadaxras, es gamonaklisia da ar niSnavs borotebas (`mokle-

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 52.
2
iqve, gv. 53.
3
iqve, gv. 54.

90
ba¡ keTilisa¡ ara yovliTurT borot ars~). boroteba arc
substanciaa, igi ar arsebobs. es gadaxra boroteba rom yo-
filiyo, boroti substanciis mier yofiliyo gamowveuli,
maSin yvelaferi gauqmdeboda: `xolo ukueTu yovliTurT
iqmnes, maSin buneba¡ca igi bolosa¡ dai£snebis...~.

3. sikeTe da erosi
areopagitikis sruli SefasebisTvis didi mniSvnelo-
ba aqvs erosis rolisa da adgilis garkvevas. adre naCve-
neb iqna, rom erosis garkveviT cxadi xdeba pirvelmize-
zis buneba. Ffsevdo-dionises azriT, erosi (`trfialeba¡~)
sikeTeSi (`saxiereba¡~) adre iyo mocemuli. pirvelmizezSi
(sikeTeSi) arsebulma erosma pirvelmizezs qmnadobisken
ubiZga (`rameTu T¢T igi keTilis moqmedi arsTa trfia-
leba¡ saxierebisa Soris zeSTaaRmatebiT wina¡T¢e iyo, ro-
meli igi ar uteva man uSobelad Tavsa Soris T¢ssa yofad,
aramed aRZra igi moqmedebis yofad yovelTave moqmedebisa
aRmatebulebiTa~1). aq mniSvnelovani isaa, rom, Tuki ploti-
nes filosofiaSi qmnadobas srulyofilebis siWarbe udebs
saTaves, proklesTan potenciis siWarbe, areopagitul moZ-
RvrebaSi, sikeTisa da gonebis srulyofilebasTan erTad,
daSvebulia erosi, romelic RvTaebaSia da saTaves udebs
warmoqmnas. amiT areopagitikaSi pirvelmizezidan warmoqm-
nis aucilebloba ufro damajerebeli xdeba.
aRniSnuls adasturebs `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ is
adgilic, sadac vkiTxulobT: pirvelmizezSi aris erosis
siWarbe, ris gamoc sikeTe, erosi winamavalia danarCen ar-
sebebTan SedarebiT da amasTan, srulyofilebis, sisrulis
gamo danarCeni arsebebis mimarT mzrunvelia. `viTarmed
T¢T mizezica igi yovelTa keTilTa da saxierebiTa¡ yo-
velTa trfialebisaT¢s gardametebulebiTa trfialebiTisa
saxierebisa¡Ta garegan Tavisa T¢sisa iqmnebis wina-ganmge-
belobisa mimarT yovelTa arsTaჲsa da viTrca saxierebiT

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 38.

1

91
raჲme da siyuaruliT da trfialebiT mwyalobel ars~1. am
debulebaSi or moments unda mieqces yuradReba:
1. sikeTisa da erosis srulyofilebis siWarbe (`gar-
dametebuleba~) TanabrZalovnadaa aRiarebuli, rac imis
maCvenebelia, rom erosi da sikeTe erTi da imave arsebis
gamomxatvelia;
2. xilul sinamdvileSi arsebuli sikeTisa da siyvaru-
lis mizezia umaRles arsebaSi mocemuli sikeTe da erosi.
fsevdo-dionise erTmaneTisgan ganasxvavebs imas, rac
xilul sinamdvileSia – imisgan, rac umaRlesi arsebis (pir-
velmizezis) sameufoSia. amis naTelsayofad igi mimarTavs
isev eross. erosi asea Tu ise ukavSirdeba siyvarulis ka-
tegorias da bunebrivia daisvas kiTxva: – ramdenadaa mi-
zanSewonili aRniSnuli cnebis gavrceleba umaRles arse-
baze (sikeTeze)? am kiTxvaze fsevdo-dionises aseTi pasuxi
aqvs. igi sayvedurobs imaT, vinc eross uigivebs siyvaruls,
`rameTu Cemda sagonebel ars RmrTis-metyuelTaT¢s, vi-
Tarmed zogad Sehracxes maT saxeli siyuarulisa da
trfialebisa¡~2. fsevdo-dionises azriT, erosi aRemateba
siyvaruls, igi ufro metia, vidre siyvaruli (`WeSmariti
trfialeba¡ ufro¡s siyvarulisa~).
Tuki erosis cneba siyvarulis cnebisgan gansxvavebu-
lia, maSin ra igulisxmeba masSi? rogorc aRvniSneT, fsev-
do-dionise RmerTs miawers srulyofilebis, mSvenierebisa
da sikeTis (eTikuri mniSvnelobiT) unarebs. RmerTs amgvar-
adve unda axasiaTebdes erosi, rogorc masSi mocemuli ma-
radiuli Zala, xilul sinamdvileSi arsebuli siyvarulis
idea. xilul sinamdvileSi arsebuli siyvaruli ki unda
iyos RvTaebrivi Zalis gamovlenis forma. aRniSnuls unda
adasturebdes fsevdo-dionises azri, romlis Tanaxmad,
xorcieli mSveniereba aris daSoreba WeSmariti erosisgan:
`amisT¢s TavTa T¢sTad miixueWes nawilebsa zeda £orcTa

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 41.

1

iqve, gv. 40.

2

92
Suenierisa ganyofisasa, romeli igi ara WeSmariti trfile-
ba¡ ars, aramed kerpi oden, gina Tu ufro¡sRa ganvrdoma¡
WeSmaritisa trfialebisagan~1. marTalia, aq laparakia WeS-
mariti erosisagan daSorebaze, magram erosi safuZvelia im
azriT, rom siyvaruli, romelic arsebebSi arsebobs, misgan
momdinareobs.
rogorc vnaxeT, areopagitul moZRvrebaSi sikeTis id­
eas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba. am mxriv, areopa-
gitika agrZelebs neoplatonuri filosofiis tradiciebs.
fsevdo-dionises mier miRebuli daskvnebi zogadad ase
SeiZleba CamovayaliboT:
plotinesa da prokles msgavsad, fsevdo-dionisem sike-
Tis idea gauigiva pirvel erTs. erTisa da sikeTis gaigi-
vebam gamoiwvia sikeTis absolutizacia da borotebis re-
alobis gauqmeba. amiT, S. nucubiZis azriT, ixsneba sikeTisa
da borotebis dualizmi2. borotebis arasubstanciuroba
mocemulia rogorc plotines, ise prokles filosofiaSi.
Mmagram plotinesgan gansxvavebiT, prokle da fsevdo-dio-
nise areopageli borotebis yovelgvar mniSvnelobas auqme-
ben. Cveni azriT, fsevdo-dionises damsaxurebad is unda
CaiTvalos, rom man, Tavis moZRvrebaSi SeZlo gaetarebina
borotebis arasubstanciurobis principi. amasTan, platon-
sa da plotinesgan gansxvavebiT, prokles filosofiis sa-
fuZvelze borotebis yovelgvari pozitiuri mniSvneloba
gaauqma.
areopagitikaSi sikeTis ideis saboloo gagebisTvis
didi mniSvneloba aqvs trfialebis (erosis) cnebis gark-
vevas. areopagitikaSi, rogorc vnaxeT, trfialeba sikeTeSi
arsebuli maradiuli Zalaa, romelic xilul sinamdvileSi
arsebuli siyvarulis ideaa.

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 40.

1

S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi.

2

Tb., 1976, IV t. gv. 135.

93
 $4. areopagitika da renesansi

areopagitikisadmi interess zrdis is garemoebac, rom

jer S. nucubiZis, Semdeg ki, S. xidaSelis gamokvlevebis Ta-
naxmad, es moZRvreba renesansisa da humanizmis erT-erTi
mTavari msoflmxedvelobrivi safuZvelia.
S. nucubiZis azriT, areopagitul moZRvrebaSi gata-
rebuli ZiriTadi principebi, renesansis mTavari ideuri
safuZvelia. renesansis filo­ sofiis warmomadgenlebi ni-
koloz kuzaneli, jorda­ no bruno, marsilio fiCino, piko
dela mirandola am mimarTebiT areopagituli moZRvrebis
did gavlenas ganic­didnen 1.
areopagitul moZRvrebaSi, anu, rogorc mas xSirad uwo-
debs S. nucubiZe, areopagitul neoplatonizmSi, moxerxda
miwisa da zecis dualizmis gauqmeba. fsevdo-dionise areo-
pagelma samyaros erTianobis principi neoplatonizmidan
aiRo. S. nucubiZe aRniSnavs, rom areopagituli moZRvre-
bis avtorma SeZlo `...antikuri filosofiuri moZRvrebis
Serwyma qristologiaSi neoplatonizmis meSveobiT.~2
S. nucubiZis azriT, areopagitul moZRvrebaSi moce-
muli ierarqiis principi gansakuTrebuli popularobiT
sargeblobda neoplatonur filosofiaSi da swored neo-
platonizmidan aiTvisa fsevdo-dionisem es Tvalsazrisi.
ierarqiis principis damkvidrebiT areopagituli moZRv­reba
aRiarebs RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis Tval­ sazriss.
ierarqiis principis Tanaxmad, ierarqiis safe­xu­rebi erTma-
neTTan aucilebel kavSirSia, isini erTma­neTisgan gansxvav-
debian mxolod srulyofilebis xa­ris­xiT, rac imas niSnavs,
rom samyaro Tavisi ierar­qiuli safexurebiT (pirvelmize-
zi, anu RmerTi, goneba, su­ li, kosmosi) erTiani mTelia.

1
S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi.
IV t. gv. 135.
2
iqve, gv. 84.

94
areopagituli moZRvrebis bevr adgilas gatarebulia ier-
arqiis es principi1.
renesansisTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda areopa­gitul
moZRvrebaSi gatarebul aucileblobis princips, ris safuZ-
velzec pirvelmizezidan (RmerTidan) arsebebi aucileb­lo­
biT, yovelgvari winaswari arCevanis gareSe momdina­reoben
– warmoiSobian2. es principi gvxvdeba neoplato­nizmis yve-
laze TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebis – ploti­ nesa da pro-
kles filosofiaSi. arsebaTa aucileblobiT warmo­ Sobis
aRiareba niSnavs monoTeizmis arsebiTi momentis – krea-
ciis uaryofas, romelic gulisxmobs RmerTis mier arse-
baTa warmoSobas, sakuTari surviliT, droSi, arafrisgan.
renesansuli msoflmxedvelobisTvis aseve mniSvne­ lo­
vania areopagituli Tvalsazrisi sikeTis absolutu­robasa
da borotebis arasubstanciurobaze, romelic fsev­ do-
dionisemde gvxvdeba plotinesTan, basili did­Tan da pro-
klesTan. fsevdo-dionisesTan gaziarebu­ lia es umniSvne-
lovanesi Tvalsazrisi da rusTavelis `vefxistyaosanSi~
igi swored areopagituli redaqciiT aris SeTvisebuli.
sakuTriv sikeTis absoluturobisa da boro­ tebis arasub-
stanciurobis aRiarebas is mniSvneloba hqonda, rom amiT
daSvebuli iyo borotebis Zlevis SesaZlebloba. es idea
renesansis msoflmxedvelobis­Tvis arsebiTia.
mokled SeiZleba iTqvas, rom areopagitulma moZRv­re­
bam neoplatonizmis mier aTvisebuli da gadamu­ Savebuli
antikuroba `gadargo~ qristianobis niadagze (S. nucubi-
Ze), riTac SenarCunebul iqna renesansisTvis aucilebeli
ideebi da principebi. am ideaTa Soris ZiriTadia – Rmer-
Tisa da samyaros erTianoba, – idea, romelic renesansis
filo­ sofiur msoflmxedvelobas amzadebs. am ZiriTadi
ideis momentebia: RmerTidan (pirvelmizezidan) arseba-
Ta auci­ leb­lobiT gamomdinareoba, adamianis gaRmerTebis

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 33-35, 50-51.

1

iqve, gv. 29-30.

2

95
Tval­saz­risi, RmerTTan uSualo SeerTebis daSveba, ierar­
qiis principi, sikeTis absoluturoba da borotebis ara­
substanciuroba.
aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom S. nucubiZem, gavrce­
lebuli azris sawinaaRmdegod, renesansis Zirebs qri-
stianul aRmo­sav­leTSi miakvlia da sakuTari Tvalsazrisi
ase daa­sabuTa: neoplatonizmis ukanaskneli warmomadgenlis
prokles filosofia mxolod warmarTobiT sazrdoob­ da.
amasTan, am drois qristianoba ukve saxelmwifo religiaa
da amitomac maSin SeuZlebeli iyo prokles moZRvrebis mi-
Reba ucvlelad. fsevdo-dionises damsaxureba iyo is, rom
man moaxerxa neoplatonizmis (prokles filosofiis saxiT)
`qristianul niadagze gadargva~, riTac Sua saukuneebis
azrovnebaSi mowinave ideebs gza gauxsna. Tuki areopagiti-
ka renesansis wyaroa, maSin renesansis Zirebi aRmosavleT-
Si yofila saZiebeli, radganac areopagitika aRmosavluri
qristianobis Zeglia.
S. nucubiZes miaCnia, rom renesansis msoflmxedvelo-
bis CamoyalibebaSi gadamwyveti roli Seasrula im ideebma,
romlebic saTaves antikur filo­ so­
fiaSi, kerZod, plato-
nis moZRvrebaSi iRebda.
renesansis filosofiuri safuZvlis Sesaxeb S. nucu­bi­
Zis Tvalsazrisi mokled ase SeiZleba Camovaya­ liboT: zo-
gadad, renesansis filosofiuri safuZveli neopla­to­nuri
filosofiaa, ufro zustad, areopagituli neop­latonizmi,
romelic antikuri memkvidreobis aTvisebis im xazs mie-
kuTvneba (uSualod nucubiZis Tval­sazrisi), romelSic Se-
dian: sakuTriv fsevdo-dionise areopa­geli, eriugena, ioane
italosi, ioane petriwi, maister ekharti da sxv.
renesansis msoflmxedvelobisTvis areopagituli moZ-
Rvrebis mniSvneloba CvenTvis sainteresoa imiTac, rom
masTan uSualo kavSiri aqvs ioane petriwis renesansul
Tvalsazriss, kerZod: PS. nucubiZis azriT, ioane petriwis
filosofiaSi samyaro mocemulia moZraoba-ganviTarebasa

96
da mTlia­no­baSi. petriwis moZRvrebaSi buneba mTeli Tavisi
brwyin­valebiTa da sicocxlisunarianobiTaa warmodgenili.
swored amgvari msoflmxedvelobiT gvevlineba petriwi. re-
nesansis ideologad saqarTve­ loSi: `...Cven unda vaRiaroT,
rom Tu areopagituli neoplatonizmis wyalobiT floren-
ciis akademiis moazrovneebi (marsilio fiCino, piko dela
mirandola da sxv.) italiuri renesansis ideologebad iqc-
nen, petriwi, romelic maTze Sors wavida antikuri msofl­
mxedvelobis aTvisebis mimarTulebiT, XII saukunis qarTu-
li renesansis ideologiuri winamorbedia. aaRor­ Zina ra
Tavis SromebSi areopagituli (`qarTuli~) neop­latonizmi,
petriwma ZiriTadi mimarTuleba misca XII saukunis qarTul
poezias. rusTavelis SemoqmedebaSi, ro­ gorc aRmosavluri
da qarTuli renesansis mwver­ valSi, am ideologiam Tavisi
mxatvruli ganxorcieleba pova~1.
renesansis filosofiuri safuZveli S. nucubiZem swo-
rad miakvlia, magram am sakiTxze misi zogierTi mosazreba
sakamaToa. magaliTad, sakamaTod da SeiZleba iTqvas, mi-
uReblad migvaCnia nucubiZis mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom
ioane petriwi fsevdo-dionisesgan gansxvavebiT, warmarTo-
bas miubrunda. amasTan, nucubiZis gamokvlevebSi bolom-
de garkveuli araa, Tu ris safuZvelze SeiZleba miviCni-
oT neoplatonizmi (maT Soris, ra Tqma unda, igulisxmeba
areopagitika da ioane petriwis filosofia) renesansis
ideur wyarod. am mi­mar­TulebiT Tavisi mosazrebis dasasa-
buTeblad is neoplatonur teqstebs naklebad an sulac ar
mimarTavs, rac mis pozicias naklebad damajerebels xdis.
es sakiTxi ufro naTlad aris ganxiluli S. xidaSelis
gamokvlevebSi.
S. xidaSeli, iseve rogorc S. nucubiZe, neop­latonizms
renesansis mTavar ideur wyarod miiC­nevs. renesansis arse-
ba masTan asea Camoyalibebuli: `re­ne­sansisa da renesansu-

S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi. IV

1

t. gv. 195-196.

97
li humanizmis ZiriTadi Tavisebu­reba mdgomareobs xiluli
sinamdvilisa da amqveyniuri arsebobis Rirebulad aRiare-
baSi. aqedan axali, Sua saukuneebisagan gansxvavebuli da-
mokidebuleba antiku­ ro­
bi­
sadmi da axali, gansxvavebuli
gageba adamia­nuri­sa~ .
1

S. xidaSels renesansis filosofiuri safu­ Zvlis Sesa-

xeb specialuri naSromi ar miuZRvnia. magram masTan, SeiZ-
leba iTqvas, yvelaze naT­ladaa gamokveTili, Tu ratom da
ris gamo SeiZleba CaiTvalos neoplatonizmi renesansis
ideur safuZvlad. misi SeniSvniT, `neoplatonizmis erT-
erTi Tavisebureba pirvelsawyisisa da samyaros erTianobis
ideaa, romelic miwisa da zecis dualizmis daZlevisken iyo
mimarTuli. am ideam didi mniSvneloba moipova renesansis
epoqis ideur cxovrebaSi da aisaxa nikoloz kuzanelisa da
jordano brunos filosofia­Si~2.
kuzanelTan es Sexeduleba, S. xidaSelis azriT, ga­moT­
q­mu­lia absoluturi maqsimumisa da absoluturi mini­mu­mis
erTianobis ideiT. `am debulebaTa ideuri wyaro neopla-
tonizmia, kuzanelTan – fsevdo-dionise areopage­ li, bru-
nosTan – plotine~3.
sxva adgilas S. xidaSeli xazgasmiT aRniSnavs fsevdo-
dionise areopagelis Sexedulebebis gavlenas renesansis
epoqis moazrovneze – nikoloz kuzanelis msoflmxedve-
lobaze4.
rogorc vxedavT, S. xidaSeli aRiarebs neopla­ tonuri
filosofiis gadamwyvet gavlenas renesansis filosofose-
bis msoflmxedvelobebze, riTac cxadad Cans renesansisT-
vis neoplato­nizmis gadamwyveti ideuri mniSvneloba.

1
Ш. В. Хидашели. Вопросы грузинского Ренессанса. Тб., 1984, gv. 35.
2
S. xidaSeli. qarTuli filosofiis istoria. Tb., 1988, gv. 141.
3
iqve, gv. 142.
4
iqve, gv. 155.

98
 S. xidaSeli RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis neop­
latonuri Tvalsazrisis mniSvnelobas upirvelesad xe­davs
miwierisa da zecieris dapirispirebis gauqmebaSi. neoplato­
nizmma ara mxolod amoavso miwiersa da zeciers Soris ar-
sebuli ufskruli, aramed TviT samyaro warmoadgina ro-
gorc `igive RmerTad, oRond misi ganviTarebis gar­ kveul
safexurze~ (a. losevi). aq xidaSeli akeTebs mniSvnelovan
daskvnas, romelic saerTod gasdevs rene­sansis miseul ga-
gebas da gansazRvrebas: `es moZRvreba (neoplatonizmi, – m.
m.) iZleoda safuZvels amqveyniuri si­namdvilis amaRlebisT-
vis, mis Rirebulebisa da mniSv­ne­lobis aRiarebisaTvis~1. S.
xi­daSeli bolomde izia­ rebs a. losevis Tvalsazriss imis
Taobaze, rom aR­niS­nul sakiTxSi neoplatonizmi `aRmoCnda
friad Sesa­ ferisi bazisi renesansuli filosofiisaTvis~.
am mxriv, is aRemateboda `aristoteles mSral konstruq-
ciebs~. neop­latonizmi `iZleoda umaRles samyaroSi zeasv-
lis coc­ xal SegrZnebas, RvTaebrivi energiebiT aRsavse
bune­basa da idealur samyaros, rogorc cocxal da adamia­
nisaT­vis savsebiT misaRwev silamazes~2.
RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis neoplatonuri Tval­
sazrisi, romlis safuZvelzec amqveyniur cxov­ rebas Ri-
rebuleba eniWeba, sabolood neoplatonizms renesansis
ideur wyarod saxavs. S. xidaSeli am Tval­ sazrisis utyu-
ar xorcSesxmas xedavs `vefxis­ tyao­sanSi~. am mimarTebiT,
mniSvnelovnad unda CaiTvalos misi daskvna: `amqveyniuri
sinamdvilis Rirebulebisa da mniSv­­ nelobis aRiareba lo-
gikuri, eTikuri, esTetikuri da gnoseologiuri Rirebu-
lebebis erTianobas gulisx­mobs~3.
rusTavelze specialur gamokvlevebsa da agreTve Ta-
vis sxva SromebSi xidaSeli am mosazrebas mdidari faqto-

1
S. xidaSeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 222.
2
iqve.
3
iqve, gv. 225.

99
logiuri monacemebiT asabuTebs. Tumca, misi mo­ saz­
reba,
sadac saubari Seexeba neoplatonur panTeizmsa da rusTa-
velis panTeizms, sadavod migvaCnia.
S. xidaSeli renesansis msoflmxedvelobrivi safuZvle-
bis kvlevisas neoplatonizmze ar Cerdeba da am mimarTe-
biT exeba areopagitul moZRvrebas. am sakiTxis kvlevisas
igi ganixilavs zurab avaliSvilis (1876-1944) Sexedulebebs.
avtori yuradRebas aqcevs avaliSvilis im mosazrebas, rom-
lis mixedviTac neoplatonizmi aris swored is moZRvreba,
`romelic iZleva safuZvels rusTavelis msoflmxedve-
lobriv SexedulebaTa farTo ideuri analogiebis ZiebisaT-
vis qristianul-ebraul-mahmadianur samyarosTan, sufiur
da qristianul kulturasTan~1.
S. xidaSelis marTebuli aRniSvniT, z. avaliSvilis Zie-
bani neoplatonizmis mimarTebiT ufro Rrma Sreebs exeba
da sabolood `vefxistyaosnis~ erT-erTi gmiris asmaTis
sityvebSi:
`RmerTi, romeli ar iTqmi kacTa eniTa,
Sen xar savseba yovelTa, agvavsebs mzeebr feniTa~
fsevdo-dionises Txzulebis – `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ az-
rebs kiTxulobs2.
S. xidaSeli avaliSvilis gamokvlevis upirveles damsa-
xurebad miiCnevs neoplatonizmisa da areopagitikis dakav-
Sirebas rusTavelis SemoqmedebasTan da Tvlis, rom rusT-
velologiis Semdegma ganviTarebam aCvena amgvari cdis
perspeqtiuloba da nayofiereba3.
neoplatonizmTan areopagitikis mimarTebis garkvevis
Semdeg, S. xidaSelis sagangebo gansjis sagani xdeba areo-

1
S. xidaSeli. neoplatonizmis Teoria rusTvelologiaSi. Tb.,
1990, gv. 25.
2
iqve.
3
iqve, gv. 26.

100
pagitul moZRvrebasTan rusTavelis Semoqmedebis mimarTe-
ba. igi aCvenebs `vefxistyaosanSi~ mocemul Rrma filoso-
fiuri azris Semcveli poeturi saxeebis – `mziani Ramis~,
`uJamo Jamisa~ da `erTarseba erTis~ warmomavlobasa da
kavSirs neoplatonur filosofiasTan, ufro swored neo-
platonizmis qristianul redaqciasTan – areopagitul
moZRvrebasTan1.
msgavsi viTareba sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis
sakiTxSi, romelsac gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia `ve-
fxistyaosanSi~. sikeTis absoluturobisa da borotebis
arasubstanciurobis Tvalsazrisis avtorze – `brZen div-
nosze~ (fsevdo-dionise areopagelze) sakuTriv rusTaveli
miuTiTebs2.
rusTavelis SemoqmedebaSi S. xidaSeli gansakuTrebul
yuradRebas aqcevs RvTaebrivi gangeblobisa da pirovnebis
Tavisuflebis sakiTxs da miaCnia, rom Sua saukuneebis am
Tavsatexi problemis Tavisebur mogvarebaSi rusTavelis
Sexedulebis safuZvelia neoplatonizmi, kerZod, sworad
misi qristianuli redaqcia – areopagituli moZRvreba3.
S. xidaSelis saboloo daskvniT, RvTis gangebisa da
adamianis Tavisuflebis mimarTebis gasaRebi SemdegSia: `ru-
sTavelTan warmatebisa da sikeTis ganxorcielebis piroba
arc mxolod gangebaa da arc mxolod adamianis aqtiuri mo-
qmedeba, `vefxistyaosanSi~ orive faqtori erTad moqmedebs
da amaSia problemis gadawyvetis siRrme da mniSvneloba~4.
S. xidaSels areopagitikisa da renesansis mimarTebis
sakiTxi gamokveTilad ar ganuxilavs. Tumca aq warmodge-
nili misi kvleva am Temas pirdapir exmaureba.

1
S. xidaSeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 84-93.
2
iqve, gv. 93-98.
3
iqve, gv. 98.
4
iqve, gv. 100.

101
 `vefxistyaosani~ renesansuli yaidis mxatvruli nawar-
moebia da misi mTavari msoflmxedvelobrivi safuZveli
areopagituli moZRvrebaa. am sakiTxSi sicxadis SetanaSi
S. xidaSelis wvlili didia. amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
am mimarTebiT xidaSelis kvlevebi pasuxobs Temas – areo-
pagitika da renesansi1.
sabolood unda iTqvas, rom S. xidaSelis Tval­sazrisi
renesansis filosofiur safuZvelze mniSvnelo­vani da say-
uradReboa imiT, rom masSi naTqvamia, Tu ris gamo SeiZleba
iyos neoplatonizmi renesansis filoso­ fiuri safuZveli.
es ki RmerTisa da samyaros erTiano­bis neoplatonur Tval-
sazriss gulisxmobs. rogorc iTqva, RmerTisa da samyaros
erTianobis neoplatonuri Tvalsazrisi gadavida areo-
pagitul moZRvrebaSi da am gziT gavrcelda qristianul
sinamdvileSi da safuZvlad daedo renesansis msoflmxed-
velobas2.

1
renesansisTvis areopagitikis mniSvnelobaze saubaria a. lo­
sevis gamokvlevaSi, sadac avtori aRtacebiT laparakobs
filosofiuri azrebis navardze areopagitul TxzulebaSi –
`saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~, romelic mimarTulia `yovelgvari
ada­mianurisa da gasulierebuli miwieris gamarTlebisken~.
ama­s­Tan, losevi akritikebs qarTvel mkvlevarTa pozicias ar­
eopagituli panTeizmis Sesaxeb. rac mTavaria, avtori aRiarebs,
rom miwierisadmi Rirebulebis miniWebis neopla­tonuri da
misgan gamomdinare areopagituli koncefcia renesansisTvis
saintereso iyo da amaze kamaTi zedmetia. `qa­r­Tuli aRorZinebis
mkvlevrebma mxolod gasagebi da da­majerebeli gaxades aseTi
warmodgena renesansSi areo­pagitikis gamoyenebaze~ (a. losevi.
aRmosavluri renesansi. baTumi, 2005, gv. 46-47).
2
gansaxilvel sakiTxze saintereso azri aqvs gamoTqmuli i. med­
vedevs, romlis Tanaxmad, renesansis epoqis humanistebi, ro­
gorc wesi, platonikosebi iyvnen. xolo isini, vinc filosofosi
peripaTetikosebi iyvnen da romlebic gviani sqolastikis
orTodoqsiis xazs warmoadgendnen, humanistebis wridan eTiSe­
bodnen. avtori svams kiTxvas imis Taobaze, Tu riT unda aixsnas
es fenomeni da ratom iyo savaldebulo humanistebs miemarTaT
platonisTvis. i. medvedevis azriT, platonis moZRv­re­bis

102
 aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, mizanSewonilad migvaC­nia
neoplatonizmis im principebis gadmocema, romlebic maTi
qristianuli gadamuSavebiT (areopagituli moZRvrebis sa-
xiT) renesansisa da humanizmis msofl­mxed­velobis erT-er-
Ti mTavari safuZvelia.
neoplatonizmi antikuri xanidan Sua saukuneebs So­ris
arsebuli gardamavali epoqis yvelaze mniSvnelo­ va­
ni fi-
losofiuri sistemaa, romelsac didi gavlena hqonda mom-
devno drois msoflmxedvelobriv mimarTu­le­bebze. gavlena
SeimCneoda rogorc qristianul samyaro­ Si (ris safuZvel-
zec Camoyalibda qristianuli neop­ latonizmi), ise musli-
murSi (magaliTad, sufizmi). sa­qarT­
velo, romelic dakav-
Sirebuli iyo berZnul-bizan­tiur samyarosTan, am gavlenis
arealSi moeqca.
ra niSniT SeiZleba CaiTvalos neoplatonuri filo­
sofia renesansis ZiriTad filosofiur safuZvlad? ro­
gorc cnobilia, renesansis erT-erTi mTavari principi
amqveyniuri sinamdvilisadmi Rirebulebis miniWebaa. ema-
naciis safuZvelze aRmocenebuli neop­ latonuri filoso-
fiis amosavali – RmerTisa da samyaros erTia­nobis ideaze
damyarebiT – RmerTi, garkveuli az­riT, `miwazea Camoyvani-
li~. es ki xilul sinamdvileSi RvTaebrivis `aRmoCenisa~ Tu

miTologiur-poeturi da TviT mistikuri Seferiloba ufro

misaRebi iyo humanistebisTvis, vidre aristoteles moZRvrebis
mSrali msjelobebi. aq, i. medvedevi imowmebs da iziarebs knosis
azrs, romlis Tanaxmad, `aTeneli filosofosi (plato­ni, – m.
m.) gaxda ganaTlebuli kacobriobis axali inteleq­tualu­ri
civilizaciis simbolo, maSin roca stagireli (aristotele,
– m. m) mSralia da sqolastikuri sibrZnis simboloa~ (И. П.
Медведев. Византийский гуманизм XIV-XV вв. Ленинград, 1976, gv. 543).
marTalia, i. medvedevi am konkretul SemTxvevaSi uSualod
platonis filosofias da upirvelesad mis moZRvrebasTan
huma­nis­
tebis damokidebulebaze msjelobs, magram mTavari
isaa, rom swored amgvarad gagebuli platonis filosofiaa
renesansu­li azrovnebisTvis mniSvnelovani.

103
`danaxvis~ SesaZleblobas uSvebda, rac sabolood amqveyni-
uris Rirebulad ga­moc­xadebis safuZvelia. niSandoblivia,
rom neoplato­nizmis udidesi warmomadgeneli plotine ma-
teriis mara­ diulobas da amis safuZvelze masSi arsebuli
mSvenie­rebis maradiulobasac aRiarebda. msgavsi Tvalsaz­
ri­
sia neoplatonuri filosofiis sxva warmomad­ gen­
leb­
Tan. swored am azriT iTvleba neoplatonizmi renesan­ sis
erT-erT msoflmxedvelobriv wyarod. amasTan, isic unda
aRiniSnos, rom am SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSia renesansis
is gageba, roca mis SinaarsSi igulisxmeba amqveyniurSi
RvTaeb­ rivis aRmoCena da amis safuZvelze misi aRiareba
Rirebulad, adamianuris wina planze wamoweva da a. S.
Sua saukuneebis kulturis msoflmxedvelobrivi Zi­
rebis Ziebisas mkvlevrebi gansxvavebul da zogjer urTi­
erTgamomricxav Tvalsazriss gamoTqvamen. erTni gan­­ sa­­
kuTrebul yuradRebas amaxvileben platonis fi­lo­sofiaze,
meoreni – aristoteles msoflmxedve­lobaze, xolo mesame-
ni – neoplatonur moZRvrebaze. azrTa sxvada­ sxvaobaa ga-
mowveuli imis gauTvalis­ wineb­
lobiT, rom neoplatonizmi
TavisTavSi moicavs plato­ nisa da aristoteles, saerTod,
winamavali filoso­ fiu­ri sistemebis arsebiT momentebs,
rom es filoso­ fiuri sistema ara mxolod `neoplatoniz-
mia~, aramed `neoaris­to­telizmic~ (hegeli, celeri). es ar-
caa gasakviri, rad­gan neoplatonizmi antikuri filosofiis
ukanask­neli da umniSvnelovanesi filosofiuri sistemaa,
ro­mel­Sic SenarCunebuli da Sejamebulia adrindeli fi-
losofiis arsebiTi principebi.
neoplatonizms rodesac neoaristotelizmsac uwo­ de­
ben, mxedvelobaSi aqvT is garemoeba, rom neop­ latonuri
filosofiis umTavresi principia moZRvreba pirveli erTis
Sesaxeb, romlis Tanaxmadac, sinamdvilis safuZvelia erTi
(RmerTi); pirveli erTisagan aucileb­ lobiT momdinareobs

104
sinamdvilis arsebani da masve ukuubrundebian, aseve auci-
leblobiT. radgan arsebebi RmerTisgan momdinareobs, neo-
platonikosTa azriT, amis safuZvelze RmerTi, garkveuli
azriT, aris am arse­beb­Si. SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom neopla-
tonizmis mamamTav­ ris plotines Tvalsazrisi – `RmerTi
yvelganaa~, Rmer­ Tisa da samyaros gamTlianebis safuZve-
li gaxda, rac gamoiyena renesansulma msoflmxedvelobam
da romlis Sesaxebac ukve gvqonda saubari. rac mTavaria,
neopla­ tonikosebTan mocemuli pirveli erTis amgvari ga-
geba warmoadgens platonis dialog `saxelmwifos~ me-6
wignSi gadmocemuli sikeTis ideisa da miznobrivi mizezis
Sesaxeb aristoteles Tvalsazrisis gaRrmaveba-ganviTare-
basa da maT garkveul sinTezs.
neoplatonizmi qristianobasTan brZolaSi damarcxda,
rac 529 wels imperator iustinianes verdiqtiTac gaform-
da. magram neoplatonuri filosofia umniSvnelovanesi
filosofiuri sistema iyo da misi principebi Sua sauku-
neebis msoflmxedvelobrivi sivrcidan iolad ver gaqre-
boda. amis gamo daiwyo qristianobasTan neoplatonizmis
Seguebis mcdelobebi. am mxriv didad warmatebuli aRmoC-
nda areopagituli moZRvreba, romelic aris qristianobis
gadmocema neoplatonizmis formiT (v. vindelbandi), neo-
platonizmis `gadargva~ qristianobis niadagze (S. nucu­
biZeE). msgavs mosazrebas gamoTqvamda i. Stiglmairic.
rac mTavaria, areopagitikis meSveobiT SenarCuneb-
ul iqna neoplatonizmis ZiriTadi principebi da mravali
winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, isini SeiTvisa qristianulma
msoflmxedvelobam da am gziT saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi
gadaecemoda igi filosofiur Tu Teologiur azrovnebas.
neoplatonuri filosofiidan aRebuli da Semdeg are-
opagitul moZRvrebaSi gatarebuli RmerTisa da samyaros
erTianobis principi, RmerTidan arsebaTa aucileblobiT

105
gamomdinareobis, sikeTis absoluturobisa da borotebis
arasubstanciurobis Tvalsazrisi renesansisa da human-
izmis erT-erTi mTavari ideuri safuZveli iyo. amitomac
SeiZleba msjeloba areopagitikasTan renesansuli mso-
flmxedvelobis mimarTebaze, rasac ase did mniSvnelobas
aniWebdnen S. nucubiZe, a. losevi da S. xidaSeli.

106
 III Tavi

naoplatonizmi da areopagituli moZRvreba

areopagituli moZRvrebis mTavari filosofiuri wyaro

neoplatonizmia (plotinesa da prokles filosofia). neo-
platonuri filosofiis arsis gasagebad aucilebelia pla-
tonis filosofiasTan neoplatonizmis mimarTebis garkveva.

$1. platonis filosofia da neoplatonizmi

platonis filosofiasTan neoplatonizmis siaxlove
upirvelesad mJRavndeba arsisa da ararsis mimarTebis, er-
Tisa da sikeTis Sesaxeb TvalsazrisSi.

1. arsisa da ararsis sakiTxi

arsisa da ararsis damokidebuleba platonTan (Zv. w.
427-347) ganxilulia dialogSi – `sofiste~. platonis amo-
canaa aCvenos, rom eleatebis amosavali debuleba – ar-
sebobs mxolod arsi, ararsi ki ar arsebobs, WeSmarite-
bas moklebulia. platonis mizania ararsis mniSvnelobis
garkveva, romelmac momdevno drois filosofiaSi didi
mniSvneloba SeiZina.
platonis azriT, ararsi, ramdenadac igi ararsia, Seu-
Zlebelia miekuTvnos arsebulTagans. ararsi araa raRac,
vinaidan raRac yovelTvis arsebulia. ararsi ki ar arse-
bobs. rodesac vambobT `raRac~, platonis mixedviT, amiT
ukve garkveul simravleze mivuTiTebT, ufro sworad
`raRac~ yovelTvis gulisxmobs an erTs, an ors1.

Платон. Сочинения в трех томах. М., 1970, т. II, gv. 35.

1

107
 imis miuxedavad, rom ararsis arseboba uaryofilia,
platonis azriT, gverds ver avuvliT mis raRacnairad ar-
sebobis daSvebas. magaliTad, rodesac Cven vambobT, rom
ararsebuli sagnebi da ararsebuli sagani, amiT xom pirvel
SemTxvevaSi simravleze gvaqvs saubari, meore SemTxvevaSi
ki, mxolod erTze. erTica da simravlec arsebulis sfer-
os ganekuTvneba. irkveva, rom Cven ararss raRacnairad
arsis sferoSi vaerTianebT. amiT platoni mianiSnebs, rom
ararsic raRacnairad arsebobs.
platoni Tavisi azris dasamtkiceblad mimarTavs aseT
magaliTs: aviRoT gamosaxuleba sarkeSi da wyalSi. mar-
Talia, gamosaxuleba aris WeSmaritad arsebulis mxolod
asli, magram mainc arsebobs. amasTan, marTalia, sagans
da gamosaxulebas sxvadasxva saxeliT aRvniSnavT, magram
sinamdvileSi aq msjeloba exeba erTsa da imave arsebas,
ufro sworad erTi arsis mqones1. es adgili Zalze mniS-
vnelovania platonis Tvalsazrisis gasagebad, vinaidan Sem-
dgomSi platoni ityvis, rom gamosaxuleba faqtobrivad am
SemTxvevaSi aris ararsi2. aqedan gamomdinare cxadi xdeba,
rom arsi (rogorc namdvili) da ararsi (rogorc gamosax-
uleba) aucileblobiT garkveul erTianobaSi imyofeba:
`ararsi arsTan fantastikurad, ucnauradaa gadawnuli~3.
maSasadame, eleatebis debuleba `arsebobs mxolod arsi~,
platonis Tanaxmad, safuZvels moklebulia, vinaidan arsis
arsebobas aucileblobiT Tan axlavs ararsic.
arsi rom aucileblobiT moiTxovs ararss, es sxva maga­
liTebidanac mJRavndeba. sanimuSod platoni ixilavs mcdar
azrs. mcdari azri, platonis mixedviT, aris is, rac gansx-
vavdeba WeSmaritebisgan. ramdenadac mcdari upirispirdeba
WeSmarits, bunebrivia, rom maTi saganic gansxvavebulia, ese
igi, WeSmariti azris sagania namdvilad arsebuli, xolo

1
Платон. dasax. naSr., gv. 355.
2
iqve, gv. 355-356.
3
iqve.

108
mcdari azris sagani – ararsebuli. magram, ramdenadac ar-
sebobs mcdari azri, amdenad, mas sakuTari sagani gaaCnia.
es sagani ki WeSmariti azris sagnis sapirispiroa. WeSmariti
azris sagania arsi. maSasadame, mcdari azris sagani aris
ararsi. ramdenadac faqtia, rom mcdari azri arsebobs, am-
denad, ararsic arsebobs1.
ganxilulidan cxadi gaxda, rom ararsebuli da arseb-
uli erTmaneTs moiTxovs. es idea msWvalavs dialogis mom-
devno nawilebsac. aqamde ganxiluls SeiZleba pirobiTad
vuwodoT pirveli safexuri arsisa da ararsis mimarTebaSi.
axla ganvixiloT erTisa da arsis mimarTeba. aqve wi-
naswar SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, rom platonTan erTis prob-
lema ZiriTadad ganxilulia dialog `parmenideSi~, magram
misi momzadeba `sofisteTi~ iwyeba. `sofisteSi~ platoni
ixilavs erTisa da arsis mimarTebas. yvelaferi aris erTi
da amasTan, arsebobs arsi. amiT, platonis azriT, faqto-
brivad, erTsa da imave arsebobas ori saxeliT gamovxatavT,
ese igi, arsi da erTi igiveobrivia. arsisTvis, platonis az-
riT, aucilebelia erTianobis principi. amitomac ar aris
swori arsis imgvari daxasiaTeba, rogorc es eleatebTanaa.
eleaturi metafizikis mixedviT, arsi erTia, sferosebria,
aqvs centri da a. S. platonis azriT, Tuki arsi amgvari
iqneboda, maSin igi moklebulia erTianobis princips. es
imis gamo, rom Tuki arsi sferosebria, aqvs centri, maSin
is nawilis Semcvelia, xolo is, rac nawilebis Semcvelia,
simravlea da ara erTi.
sainteresod dgas platonTan arsis, rogorc mTelis,
sakiTxi. Tuki arsi aris mTeli, magram man es Tvisebebi mi-
iRo ara erTisgan, aramed TavisTavad, maSin aRmoCndeba,
rom arss Tavisi Tavi aklia.
platoni aq Semdegs gulisxmobs: erTianobis principi
umaRlesia. Tuki arsi mTeli iqneba ara erTianobis safuZ-
velze, aramed TavisTavad, maSin arsi moklebulia erTiano-

Платон. dasax. naSr., 363.

1

109
bas da ar iqneba srulyofili. arsi ki, romelic srul­
yofili araa, faqtobrivad ararsia; amrigad, Tuki arsi ar
eqvemdebareba erTianobis princips, maSin igi ukve ararsia.
es ki TavisTavad miuTiTebs, rom platonis filosofiisT-
vis erTianobis principi aucilebelia.
`sofisteSi~ arsisa da ararsis mimarTebis garkvevisT-
vis Zalze mniSvnelovania logikuri kategoriebis ganxilva.
platonis mixedviT arsebobs xuTi umaRlesi gvari – kat-
egoria: arsi, moZraoba, uZraoba, igiveoba da gansxvaveba1.
TiToeuli kategoriis ganxilvisas platoni akritikebs
sxva­Ta Tvalsazriss aRniSnul kategoriebis Sesaxeb. pla-
toni mocemuli kategoriebis Tavisebur analizs iZleva,
rac SemdegSi mdgomareobs: platoni ayenebs sakiTxs, Tu ra
mimarTebaSia mocemuli kategoriebi erTmaneTTan. amisTvis
samagaliTod ixilavs moZraobis kategorias. moZraoba igi-
veobrivicaa da araigiveobrivic. igiveobrivia, ramdenadac
yvelaferi eziareba igiveobas. magram, ramdenadac moZraoba
sxvaa, vidre, magaliTad, uZraoba, amdenad, igi araigiveo-
basacaa naziarebi2. platonis azriT, aq winaaRmdegobas ar
aqvs adgili, vinaidan moZraoba sxvadasxva mimarTebiTaa
ganxiluli. rodesac vambobT, rom moZraoba igiveobriv-
ia, maSin mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs moZraobis mimarTeba Tavis
TavTan, xolo, rodesac moZraobas vukavSirebT araigiveo-
bas, maSin mxedvelobaSia moZraobis mimarTeba sxvasTan, ami-
tomac araigiveobrivia3.
aq platoni Ralatobs dialeqtikas, romelic ase dama­
xasiaTebelia `sofistesTvis~. kerZod, roca platoni da-
pirispirebul mxareebs miawers erTsa da imave movlenas,
es sapirispiro mxareebi sxvadasxva mimarTebiT mJRavndeba,
riTac dapirispirebulTa erTianobis principi ar aris
gatarebuli.

1
Платон. dasax. naSr., gv. 363.
2
iqve, gv. 379-380.
3
iqve.

110
 dialog `sofisteSi~ ganxiluli xuTi kategoriidan erT-
erTs – gansxvavebis kategorias platoni ararsis arsebobis
dasasabuTeblad iyenebs. rodesac Cven ararsze vmsje­lobT,
vgulisxmobT masSi ara arsisadmi dapirispirebuls, ar-
ames mxolod misgan gansxvavebuls1. platoni ixilavs maga­
liTebs: aviRoT didi da patara, an lamazi da aralamazi.
gana SeiZleba iTqvas, rom didi da lamazi arsebobs, xolo
patara da aralamazi ar arsebobs? yvela eseni arseboben
da uazro iqneboda sawinaaRmdegos mtkiceba. patarac da
aralamazic arsebobs imis wyalobiT, rom naziarebia arss.
magram isini mainc sxva arian arsTan (am SemTxvevaSi didTan
da lamazTan) mimarTebiT, ese igi, sxva arsebobs arsTan zi-
arebis (arsSi monawileobis) ZaliT. magram, ramdenadac ar-
sTan mimarTebaSi igi aris sxva, amitomac igi aucileblad
unda iyos ararsi2.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, platoni yvela kategorias
ganixilavs arsTan mimarTebaSi, rogorc sxvas. amasTan, arsi,
Tavis mxriv, sxvaa danarCenebis mimarT, amitomac aq arsi
ukve ararsis rolSi gvevlineba. amrigad, yoveli arsebuli
Tavis TavSi ararsac Seicavs. ufro zustad – arsebuli
arsisa da ararsis erTianobaa. zemoaRniSnuls pirobiTad
vuwodoT arsisa da ararsis mimarTebis meore safexuri.
Tu SevadarebT erTmaneTs arsisa da ararsis mimarTebis
pirvel safexurs meore safexurTan, cxadi gaxdeba, rom
platonTan orive am msjelobis mizania ararsis arsebobis
aucileblobis Cveneba. Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos, rom
platonis es, bolo dasabuTeba naklebdamajerebelia da
ufro siZnelidan gamosavlis Ziebaa da faqtobrivad ar
Cans arsisa da ararsis erTianobis Sinagani aucilebloba.
saerTod ki, dialogi `sofiste~, sadac platonma pirve-
lad ganixila sakiTxi ararsis arsebobis, misi mniSvnelo-
bis Sesaxeb, aucilebeli rgoli iyo platonis moZRvrebaSi.

Платон. dasax. naSr., gv. 382.

1

iqve, gv. 385.

2

111
faqtobrivad es iyo umaRles erTze moZRvrebis logikuri
safuZvlis momzadeba.
aq, pirvel rigSi, mniSvnelovania aRniSnuli Tvalsaz-
risis roli neoplatonuri filosofiis CamoyalibebaSi.
rogorc aRiniSna, neoplatonuri filosofiis amocana iyo
pirvelmizezisa da samyaros mimarTebis garkveva. ramdena-
dac pirvelmizezi arsia, amdenad, `sofisteSi~ ganxiluli
problemebi neoplatonizmSi Taviseburad gardaisaxa.
pirvel rigSi, unda SevexoT kategoriebis problemas
platonsa da neoplatonizmSi (kerZod, plotinesTan). ro-
gorc aRiniSna, platonTan kategoriebis ricxvi xuTia:
arsi, uZraoba, moZraoba, igiveoba da gansxvaveba. plotines
filosofiaSic xuTi kategoriaa: goneba, moZraoba, uZrao-
ba, igiveoba da gansxvaveba. platonisa da plotines katego-
riaTa cxrili ZiriTadad erTmaneTs emTxveva. plotinesTan
kategoriebi warmoadgens azrovnebis aucilebel pirobas.
goneba, ramdenadac arsebuls iazrebs, moazrovnea, xolo
ramdenadac es saazrovno TviT gonebaa, amdenad, is arsebu-
licaa. plotines azriT, azrovnebis aqti rom ganxorciel-
des, saazrovno da moazrovne erTi da igive unda iyos1.
amrigad, azrovnebis dawyeba igiveobis gareSe SeuZlebelia.
amasTan, moazrovne rasac iazrebs, rogorc azrovnebis
sagans, misgan gansxvavebulia. aq Zneli araa paralelis gav-
leba platonis filosofiasTan. rodesac platoni ixilavs
kategoriebis urTierTmimarTebas, asabuTebs, rom igiveoba
da gansxvaveba erTi da igive araa, magram igiveoba aucile-
blobiT moiTxovs gansxvavebas2. platonis Tvalsazrisi ki
plotinesTan gamoyenebulia azrovnebis bunebis asaxsne-
lad. plotines azriT, azrovnebisTvis aucilebelia gon-
eba, igiveoba da gansxvaveba. amaT unda daematos kidev ori
kategoria uZraoba da moZraoba. uZraoba aris igiveobis
piroba, xolo moZraoba azrovnebis moRvaweobis gamoxat-

plotine. V eneada, me-2 wigni, $4.

1

Платон. Сочинения в трех томах. М., 1970, т. II, gv. 380.

2

112
va, romelic moiTxovs moazrovne subieqtisa da saazrov-
no obieqtis gansxvavebas. amis gareSe is wminda igiveobisa
da erTianobis safuZvelze win ver wava1. zemoaRniSnulis
safuZvelze vfiqrobT, plotinem kategoriTa sistema ufro
`moZravi~ gaxada, CarTo igi qmnadobis procesSi. es ki plo-
tines mxridan platonis filosofiis ganviTareba iyo.
arsisa da araarsis mimarTebis kvlevisas platoni aRniS-
navs, rom arsisTvis aucilebelia erTianobis principi. er-
Tianobis gareSe arsi srulyofili araa. aq dgeba TviT er-
Tis bunebis garkvevis sakiTxi. ras warmoadgens erTi, ra
mimarTebaSia igi sxvasTan, erTisa da sxvis mimarTeba da
masTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi platons ganxiluli aqvs
dialog `parmenideSi~.

2. erTis problema
dialog `parmenideSi~ platons ganxiluli aqvs erTis
buneba, misi mimarTeba sxvasTan (simravlesTan). swored
`parmenideSi~ ganxiluli sakiTxebia ZiriTadad neoplaton-
uri filosofiis amosavali. neoplatonizmis erT-erTma
udidesma warmomadgenelma proklem specialuri traqtati
miuZRvna erTisa da simravlis, erTisa da misgan gamomdin-
are arsebebis mimarTebis sxvadasxva aspeqts. proklem ko-
mentarebi miuZRvna platonis `parmenides~. rogorc `so-
fisteSi~, ise dialog `parmenideSi~ platonis kritikis
ZiriTadi obieqtia eleaturi metafizika. `sofisteSi~ pla-
tonma, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, aCvena eleatebis ZiriTadi
debulebis – arsebobs mxolod arsi, ararsi ki ar arsebobs
– usafuZvloba. aseve dgas sakiTxi `parmenideSic~, sadac
gakritikebulia parmenides Tavlsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmad,
arsebobs mxolod erTi da rac erTis gareSea, ar arsebobs.
platoni asabuTebs, rom erTisgan gansxvavebulic arsebobs,
erTi da sxva aucilebel erTianobaSia2.

plotine. V eneada, 1-li da me-4 wignebi.

1

Платон. Сочинения в трех томах. Т. II, gv. 409.

2

113
 dialog `parmenides~ Sesaval nawilSi msjeloba exe-
ba ideisa da simravlis mimarTebas.1 rogoraa SesaZlebe-
li, rom idea gavrceldes mraval saganSi. idea xom erTia,
sagnebi ki mravali. sakiTxis sicxadisTvis aRvniSnavT, rom
platoni ganxilvis obieqtad ixdis iseT ideas, romelic
mravali sagnisTvis saerToa. rogoraa SesaZlebeli, rom
erTi da igive idea erTdroulad vrceldeba mraval sagan-
Si, amasTan, idea Tavis TavSic imyofeba. Tuki idea gavr-
celdeba mraval saganSi, amiT xom ar moswydeba igi Tavis
Tavs? platoni ixilavs aseT magaliTs: afra erTia, magram
igi mraval adamians gadaefareba. iqneb aseTive viTarebaa,
rodesac vixilavT ideisa da sagnebis mimarTebas? rodesac
afra adamianebs gadaefareba, TiToeul adamians gadaefa-
reba ara mTlianad afra, aramed misi garkveuli nawili;
maSasadame, Tuki ideisa da sagnebis mimarTebas ganvixila-
vT, rogorc afrisa da adamianebis mimarTebas, maSin gamo-
va, rom idea nawilebis Semcvelia, e. i. idea dayofilia. es
azri ki platonisTvis miuRebelia, vinaidan winaaRmdegobis
Semcvelia. platoni sailustraciod ixilavs sididis ideas.
mas eziareba mravali sagani. Tuki sididis ideas ganvixi-
lavT afris msgavsad, maSin yoveli sagani naziarebi iqneba
sididis ideis nawilTan. gamodis, rom sagani didi yofila
nawilTan ziarebis gamo, romelic TavisTavad pataraa si-
didesTan SedarebiT, ese igi, sidide miviReT patarasTan
ziarebiT. es ki winaaRmdegobis Semcveli azria. aqedan
gamomdinare, platonis mixedviT, ideis gavrceleba mra-
val saganSi Zneli asaxsnelia, metic, aRniSnuli platonis
filosofiaSi siZneled darCa. amas adasturebs platonis
Semdegi mosazrebac: ideebi samyaroSi arsebobs nimuSebis
saxiT, xolo danarCeni sagnebi emsgavsebian (`baZaven~) mas,
TviT sagnebis monawileoba ideebSi gamoixateba mxolod mi-
msgavsebiT2. aRniSnuli ar aris siZnelidan gamosavali. aq,

Платон. Сочинения в трех томах. Т. II, gv. 410.

1

iqve, gv. 411-412.

2

114
faqtobrivad, platonma gverdi auara siZneles, romelic
dakavSirebulia ideebis sagnebSi gavrcelebasTan.
aRniSnul siZneles ukeTesad gaarTva Tavi neoplato-
nurma filosofiam (gansakuTrebiT ki plotinem da fse-
vdo-dionise areopagelma). plotines mixedviT, umaRlesi
idea aris pirveli erTi. igi aris pirvelsawyisi, romlis-
ganac momdinareobs danarCeni arsebebi. yovel arsebaSi
aris erTis (RmerTis) RvTaebrivi kvali. marTalia, pirve-
li erTi, rogorc umaRlesi srulyofileba, arsad ar aris,
magram amave dros aris iq, sadac ar aris1. pirvelmizezi
yvelaferSia, radganac arsebuli misgan aris warmoSobili
da masSia RvTaebrivi Zala, magram, ramdenadac arsebuli
sagnebi arasrulyofilia, amdenad, pirvelmizezi rogorc
umaRlesi srulyofileba, maTSi ar aris ganxorcielebuli.
am azriT pirvelmizezi ar aris. davuSvaT, rom pirvelmi-
zezi sadRac ar aris, maSin es adgili sxvas hqonia daka-
vebuli, xolo TviT pirvelmizezs (RmerTs) – sxva adgili,
ese igi, yvelganaa, vinaidan mas xels amaSi veravin uSlis;
meore mxriv ki, rogorc aRvniSneT, RmerTi arsad ar aris,
vinaidan ar SeiZleba, rom is raimeSi iyos. aqedan gamomdi-
nare, plotine fiqrobs, rom pirvelmizezi araa mowyvetili
sagnebs da arc igulisxmeba maTSi2.
fsevdo-dionise areopagelis azriTac, pirvelmizezi
aris umaRlesi arseba. mTeli sinamdvile misgan gamomdi-
nareobs. igi yvelganaa da amasTan, arsad ar aris. ramde-
nadac RmerTi yvelganaa, igi Seicnoba yvelgan da yvela-
ferSi, mag­ram, ramdenadac igi arsad ar aris, araferSi ar
Seicnoba: `da yovelTa Soris yovel ars da arca erTsa ras
Soris arara¡ da yovelTa mier yoveliTurT icnobebis da
arca erTsa ras Soris arara¡T~3.

1
plotine. V eneada, me-5 wigni, $8.
2
iqve, $$ 5, 9.
3
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 72.

115
 RmerTis yofna yvelgan niSnavs, rom sinamdvilis arse-
bebi, romelTac safuZveli RvTaebaSi aqvT, sikeTes, mSvenie-
rebas, srulyofilebas RvTaebis meSveobiT flobs. sikeTe,
mSveniereba, srulyofileba RvTaebrivi Tvisebebia; maTi sa-
xiT arsebebSi saqme gvaqvs RvTaebrivi Zalis gamovlenasTan
da ara TviT RvaTaebasTan. am azriT RmerTi yvelganaa.
amasTan, areopagituli moZRvrebis mixedviT, RmerTi,
marTalia, yvelafris mizezia, magram igi arc erT maTgan-
ze ar daiyvaneba. igi yovelive arsebulze amaRlebulia:
`...viTarmed yovelTave arsTa mizez ars, xolo TvT arca
erTi maTgani, vina¡Tgan maT yovelTa zeSTaarsebisa amaR-
lesul ars~,1 radganac RmerTi sakuTriv arc erT arsebaze
ar daiyvaneba, amitomac araswori iqneba imis Tqma, rom igi
yvelgan arsebobs. rogorc vxedavT, plotines filosofia-
Si da areopagitikaSi garkveulad daZleulia siZnele, ro-
melic gvxvdeba platonis filosofiaSi, roca msjeloba
exeba arsebul sagnebSi ideis gavrcelebas.
rogor SeZlo am siZnelis gadaWra neoplatonurma fi-
losofiam? neoplatonizmma (pirvel rigSi, plotinem) ga-
mosavali naxa emanaciuri principis SemotaniT. platonTan
idea da movlena erTmaneTisgan mowyvetilia. movlena ideis
mxolod aslia. movlenaTa samyaro WeSmaritebas moklebu-
lia da mcdarobadaa gamocxadebuli. neoplatonizmSi xi-
luli sinamdvile aris igive RmerTi ganviTarebis ufro
dabal safexurze2. umaRlesi idea (pirvelmizezi, RmerTi)
emanaciis saTaveSia, arsebulTa safuZvelia, xolo misgan
gamosuli arsebebi mis kvals atareben. magram, ramdenadac
arsebebi RmerTisgan momdinareoben da maTSi aris RvTae-
brivi Zalebi, amdenad, RmerTi samyaroSia. maSasadame, Rmer-
Ti da samyaro erTianobaSia. rogorc vxedavT, samyaros
gamTlianebis TvalsazrisiT, neoplatonuri filosofiis

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 10.

1

Философская энциклопедия. М., 1967, т. IV, gv. 46.

2

116
mier emanaciuri principis Semotana win gadadgmuli nabiji
iyo platonis filosofiasTan SedarebiT.
neoplatonuri filosofiis gasagebad aseve mniSvnelo-
vania TavisTavad ideebze moZRvreba. platonis filoso-
fiaSi es ideebi (laparakia maradiul ideebze, romlebic
saganTa pirvelsaxeebia), platonis azriT, arsebobs Tavis-
Tavad da maT Sesaxeb Cven araferi viciT, vinaidan amgvari
ideebi Seimecneba TviT codnis ideis mier, romelsac Cven
ar vflobT1. amitomac adamianuri codnisTvis miuRwevelia
iseTi ideebi, rogoricaa sikeTe TavisTavad, mSveniereba
TavisTavad da a. S. Tuki davuSvebT, rom arsebobs TavisTa-
vad arsebuli codna (e. i. codnis idea), is ufro srulyo-
filia, vidre Cveni codna2. aq, platoni Tavisi filosofiis
ZiriTad azrs gadmoscems, romlis Tanaxmadac, maradiuli,
ucvlili idea aris umaRlesi srulyofileba, xolo misi
Sesabamisi movlenebis sferoSi, aris misi asli.
ideebis samyaro, platonis azriT, RmerTis samefoa, Ta-
visTavadi ideebis Sesaxeb icis RmerTma. RmerTi, romelic
flobs TavisTavad ideebs, ra mimarTebaSia imasTan, rac
Cven gvekuTvnis?3 RmerTis meufeoba araviTar SemTxvevaSi
ar vrceldeba imaze, rac CvenSia da, piriqiT, Cveni codnac
ver swvdeba RvTaebrivs. es imis gamo, rom srulyofilis
(RmerTis) wvdoma aRemateba arasrulyofilis (adamianis)
unars. magram RmerTs ratom ar SeuZlia adamianuris cod-
na, amaze platons garkveuli pasuxi ar gaaCnia.
Tuki SevadarebT zemoaRniSnuls neoplatonur filo-
sofias, cxadi gaxdeba, rom platonsa da neoplatonikosebs
aRniSnuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb gansxvavebuli pozicia gaaCniaT.
rogorc platonTan, iseve neoplatonikosebTan RmerTi
sinamdvilisgan aRmatebulia. magram platonis filoso-
fiisgan gansxvavebiT, sadac RmerTsa da movlenebs Soris

1
Платон. Сочинения в трех томах. Т. II, gv.414.
2
iqve.
3
iqve, gv. 415.

117
araviTari kavSiri ar aris1, neoplatonizmSi arsebebi sxva
araferia, Tu ara RmerTidan gamomdinare, amitomac maT So-
ris mxolod xarisxobrivi gansxvavebaa2. aqac, rogorc vxe-
davT, emanaciis safuZvelze, neoplatonizmSi RmerTisa da
movlenebis erTianobis principia gatarebuli.
neoplatonur filosofiaSi, marTalia, aRiarebulia
emanaciuri principi, romlis safuZvelzec xdeba arsebaTa
gamosvla RmerTidan da masSi ukudabruneba, magram racio-
naluri codnis farglebSi RmerTis wvdoma SeuZlebelia,
amis mizezia RmerTis aRmatebuleba, srulyofileba... ra-
sac moklebulia Cveni codnis unari3. amitomac, ploti-
nes mixedviT, RmerTis wvdoma SeiZleba mxolod mistikuri
WvretiT, eqstazis meSveobiT. asevea areopagitul moZRvre-
baSic. pirveli erTis (RmerTi) Sesaxeb zust codnas verc
dadebiTi meTodi gvaZlevs da verc uaryofiTi. vinaidan igi
imaze metia, vidre mis Sesaxeb arsebuli meTodebi gveubne-
ba.4 RmerTi, rogorc zeSTaarsebuli, rogorc aRiniSna, ra-
cionaluri codniT ver miiRweva. ise rogorc plotinesTan,
areopagitikaSic RmerTis miRwevis gzad aRiarebulia mis-
tikuri Wvreta. fsevdo-dionises azriT, RmerTTan misvla,
RmerTis xilva SesaZlebelia locviT. locva gulisxmobs
momzadebas RmerTis mistikuri WvretisTvis. RmerTis mis-
tikuri WvretisTvis locvasTan erTad saWiroa adamianuri
Tvisebebis CamoSoreba, rogorc areopagitikaSia naTqvami
– sakuTari Tavidan gasvlaa saWiro, raTa RmerTis bune-
bas veziaroT. amasTan, RmerTTan ziareba ukeTesia, vidre
damoukideblad yofna: `...yovelni Tavni T¢sni yovelTave
T¢sTagan ganvaSornoT da yoveliTurT RmrTisad viqmn-

1
Платон. dasax. naSr., gv. 414-415.
2
Философская энциклопедия. М., т. IV, gv. 46.
3
plotine. V eneada, me-9 wigni, $ 41.
4
areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224.

118
neT, rameTu umjobes ars RmrTisad da ara TavTa T¢sTad
yofa¡~1.
plotinesa da fsevdo-dionises axla aRniSnuli mo-
sazrebani kavSirSia platonis TvalsazrisTan. rodesac
platoni `parmenideSi~ ixilavs TavisTavad, damoukidebel
ideebs, aRniSnavs, rom aseTi ideebi adamianuri bunebisTvis
saerTod Seucnobelia. gansakuTrebuli niWiT dajildo-
ebuli unda iyo, raTa gaigo, rom arsebobs yoveli sagnis
raRac gvari da TavisTavad arseba (e. i. idea) da ufro
saocari niWi unda gqondes, rom gamoikvlio yovelive es
safuZvlianad da ganumarto igi sxvas.2 aq, pirvel rigSi,
platoni codnis unarze miuTiTebs. platoni aRniSnavs, rom
RmerTis wvdomisTvis gansakuTrebuli unaria saWiro.
platonis filosofiis es adgili garkveul rols unda
asrulebdes neoplatonizmisTvis, kerZod: neoplatonu-
ri filosofia yalibdeboda qristianul religiasTan, mis
msoflmxedvelobasTan dapirispirebaSi. amasTan, garda ur-
TierTbrZolisa, neoplatonizmi gavlenas axdenda qristia-
nobaze da, piriqiT. arc is aris gamoricxuli, rom miRmuri
ideebis gagebisas adamianis gansakuTrebul unarze plato-
nis miniSnebas daemata qristianuli religiuri Tvalsa-
zrisi RmerTTan ziarebaze, ris Sedegadac neoplatonur
filosofiaSi Camoyalibda RmerTis mistikur Wvretaze
Tvalsazrisi. es mosazreba SeiZleba sadavo iyos, magram
platonis filosofia, kerZod, dialog `parmenides~ axla
ganxiluli Tvalsazrisi, amis sakmao safuZvels iZleva.
rogorc vnaxeT, `parmenides~ Sesavali nawili mniSvne-
lovan masalas iZleva platonis filosofiisa da neopla-
tonizmis mimarTebis dasadgenad. dialog `parmenideSi~ Zi-
riTadi adgili daTmobili aqvs erTisa da sxvis mimarTebis
garkvevas, sadac mniSvnelovani momentebia agreTve plato-
nisa da neoplatonuri filosofiis mimarTebis dasadgenad.

areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 69.

1

Платон. Сочинения в трех томах. Т. II, gv. 415.

2

119
 WeSmaritebis bunebis gasagebad, platonis azriT, Cven
ganxilvis obieqtad unda vaqcioT iseTi sakiTxebi, romle-
bic sxvebs cariel sityvebad, sityvebis TamaSad miaCniaT.
mocemuli amocanis gadasawyvetad umjobesia daviwyoT
erTis ganxilviT. vnaxoT, ra Sedegebs miviRebT erTis daS-
vebiT da ra Sedegebs erTis uaryofiT.
platoni ixilavs wminda erTs. Tuki erTi arsebobs,
maSin is SeuZlebelia iyos simravle, ese igi, ar SeiZleba
hqondes nawilebi. aseTi erTi ar SeiZleba iyos mTeli, vi-
naidan mTeli nawilebs gulisxmobs, xolo nawilebi – simra-
vles. erTi ki araa simravle1, mas ara aqvs dasawyisi, Sua da
bolo. erTs rom es momentebi gaaCndes, maSin nawilebis Se-
mcveli iqneboda. vinaidan mas dasawyisi da bolo ara aqvs,
igi ganusazRvrelia, radganac swored dasawyisi da bolo
udebs sazRvars yovel arsebas. platonis mier erTis moce-
muli daxasiaTeba mniSvnelovania neoplatonuri filoso-
fiisTvis. amgvarad aris daxasiaTebuli erTi plotinesTan,
proklesTan da qristianul neoplatonizmSi – areopagiti-
kaSi. plotine me-5 eneadis I wignis me-8 TavSi aRniSnavs, rom
platonis `parmenideSi~ cxadadaa gansxvavebuli sami sawyi-
si – absoluturi erTi, erTi-simravle, erTi da simravle.
plotines mier warmodgenili erTis aRniSnuli tipebi da-
gvexmareba misi Tvalsazrisis arsis gasagebad.
rogorc aRiniSna, platonis ganxilvis obieqti, pirvel
rigSi, aris erTi (absoluturi mniSvnelobiT). amgvari erTi
ar SeiZleba iyos sferosebri (akritikebs parmenides Tval-
sazriss). erTi arc Tavis TavSia da arc sxvaSia. sxvaSi rom
iyos igi, Tavisi nawilebiT unda exebodes sxvas. erTs nawi-
lebi ar gaaCnia. maSasadame, is araa sxvaSi2.
erTi arc TavisTavSia, vinaidan am SemTxvevaSi erTi iq-
neba erTSi da erTi, erTi mxriv, garSemortymuli iqneba er-
TiT, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi erTi gars Semoertymis erTs.

Платон. dasax. naSr., gv. 419.

1

2
iqve, gv. 420.
120
magram SeuZlebelia, rom erTi da igive arseba ganicdides
orive mdgomareobas. maSasadame, erTi arc Tavis TavSia da
arc sxvaSi. erTis amgvari daxasiaTeba ucxo ar aris neo-
platonuri filosofiisTvis, razec ukve gvqonda saubari.
ra mimarTebaSia erTi (absoluturi mniSvnelobiT) sxvas-
Tan? platonis azriT, erTi araa Tavis Tavisgan gansxvave-
buli da sxvisi igiveobrivi da, agreTve, arc Tavis Tavis
igiveobrivia da sxvisgan gansxvavebuli.
erTi Tavis Tavisgan rom gansxvavdebodes, is sxva iq-
neboda da ara erTi. erTi arc sxvisganaa gansxvavebuli,
vinaidan gansxvavebis buneba axasiaTebs sxvas da ara erTs.
erTi arc Tavis Tavis igiveobrivia, vinaidan igiveoba gu-
lisxmobs simravlesTan igiveobas, amitomac is erTi ki ar
iqneba, aramed simravle1. ufro cxadad rom iTqvas, rode-
sac erTis igiveobaze gvaqvs saubari, igulisxmeba, rom igi
sxvasTan xdeba igiveobrivi (e. i. gansxvavebulis igiveobri-
vi). amitomac, Tu vityviT, rom erTi Tavis Tavis igiveobri-
via, gamova, rom erTi sxvac yofila.
ramdenadac ar arsebobs igiveoba, ar arsebobs msgavse-
bac, vinaidan msgavseba emyareba igiveobas. marTalia, pla-
toni ixilavs absoluturi wminda erTis daSvebis Sedegebs
da sabolood akritikebs amgvari erTis daSvebas. aq sainte-
resoa prokles TvalsazrisTan paraleli. prokles mixed-
viT, mizezidan sagnebis warmoSoba da maTi ukudabruneba
xdeba msgavsebis safuZvelze2. emanaciis principebze da-
fuZnebiT prokle sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT aviTarebs
platonis Tvalsazriss.
Semdeg platoni exeba erTis arsebobas droSi. platonis
azriT, Tuki erT droSia da naziarebia dros, am SemTxve-
vaSi erTi winaaRmdegobis Semcveli iqneba, radganac dros
naziarebi maradiuli aRar aris. amitomac erTi drois ga-
reSea. es momentic Taviseburad gamoyenebulia neoplato-

Платон. dasax. naSr., gv. 423.

1

Прокл. Первоосновы теологии. Тб., 1972, gv. 42-43.

2

121
nur filosofiaSi, roca pirvelmizezi gamocxadebulia ze-
droulad.
ramdenadac erTs araferi aqvs saerTo drosTan, amde-
nad, misi misamarTiT ar SeiZleba iTqvas: iyo, aris, xdeba;
ese igi erTi ar arsebobs. absoluturi mniSvnelobiT ga-
gebuli erTi faqtobrivad ararsebuli aRmoCnda da masze
raimes Tqma SeuZlebelia. ar arsebobs misTvis arc codna
mis Sesaxeb, arc misi grZnoba da arc azri mis irgvliv.1
platonis mier erTis amgvarad daxasiaTeba mniSvnelovan
rols asrulebs neoplatonuri negatiuri Teologiis Ca-
moyalibebaSi. pirvelmizezis uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba neo-
platonizmSi garkveulwilad emyareba platoniseul wminda,
absoluturi erTis gagebas.
maSasadame, erTis absoluturi, wminda daSveba TviTon
erTs auqmebs. amitomac sxva gzaa saWiro. ramdenadac erTi
aris, amdenad is naziarebia arss, amitomac unda mivmarToT
daSvebas – erTi arsebobs. rodesac vambobT `erTi arsebo-
bs~, es ukve niSnavs, rom erTi eziareba arss (monawileobs
arsSi). amasTan, arsi ar SeiZleba iyos erTis igiveobrivi,
vinaidan maSin gveqneba `erTis erTi~. Tuki davuSvebT, rom
`erTi arsebobs~, maSin unda miviRoT, rom erTi nawilebis
Semcvelia. es imis gamo, rom `arseboba~ miuTiTebs arsebul
erTze, xolo gamoTqma `erTi~ miuTiTebs erTze, romelic
arsebobs. amasTan, erTi da arsi araa igiveobrivi da ga-
rkveul damokidebulebaSia arsebul erTTan. ase rom, ar-
sebuli erTi gamodis mTeli, xolo erTi da arsi ki, misi
nawilebi2. es nawilebi Tavis mxriv orobis Semcvelia (erTi
da arsi). aseve yoveli nawili isev orobis Semcvelia da
a.S. gamodis, rom arsebuli erTi sinamdvileSi warmoadgens
usasrulo simravles3. es adgili bundovania dialog `par-
menideSi~ da igi Semdegs unda gulisxmobdes: arsi moiT­xovs

1
Платон. Сочинения в трех томах. Т. II, gv. 428.
2
iqve, gv. 430.
3
iqve.

122
saerTo safuZvels. aseTi safuZveli `parmenideSi~ aris
erTi rogorc mTeli, rac sabolood simravlis maCvenebe-
lia. amitomac aseTi erTi ar gamodgeba saerTo safuZvlad.
erTisa da arsis erTiani safuZveli platons mocemuli aqvs
dialog `saxelmwifoSi~ sikeTis ideis saxiT.
ra mimarTebaSia erTmaneTTan arsebuli erTi da arsi,
arsi da sxva, erTi da sxva? aRniSnuli wyvilebis Sesaxeb
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom `orive~ miuTiTebs, rom gvaqvs ricxvi.
platonis azriT, erTis arsebobis daSvebiT faqtobrivi
ricxvis arsebobis aRiarebamde mivdivarT. ricxvi eziareba
arss. arsi ki, rogorc aRiniSna1, dakavSirebulia simrav-
lesTan, amitom ricxvic usasruloa2.
platonma ukve aRiara erTis dayofadoba, ris gamoc Se-
saZlebelia misi yofna arsebulis yvela sferoSi, nawilSi,
didSic da pataraSic. platonTan erTis (e. i. arsis) gavr-
celeba sinamdvilis arsebebSi (neoplatonizmSi, pirvelmi-
zezis ganfena arsebebisadmi) xelovnur principzea damya-
rebuli da sabolood ver xsnis siZneles, rac mocemul
sakiTxTan aris dakavSirebuli. am siZneles, rogorc ukve
aRvniSneT, ukeT gaarTva Tavi neoplatonurma filosofiam,
romlis Tanaxmadac pirvelmizezi ganuyoflad imyofeba si-
namdvileSi3.
rogorc aRniSnulidan irkveva, erTis arsebobis daSve-
biT erTi aRmoCnda nawilebis, simravlis Semcveli, rac isev
erTianobis princips eqvemdebareba. aseTi erTi, platonis
azriT, SemosazRvrulicaa da usasruloc.
Semdeg platoni exeba erTisa da sxvis mimarTebas da da-
askvnis, rom erTi igiveobrivicaa da gansxvavebulic sxvis-
gan, exeba da arc exeba mas. amgvari erTi arc didia da arc

1
Платон. dasax. naSr., gv.430.
2
es adgili gamoyenebul iqna neoplatonur filosofiaSi.
ix. a. losevis SeniSvnebi `parmenideze~. Платон. Сочинения в трех
томах. Т. II, gv. 599.
3
plotine. V eneada, me-5 wigni, $29.

123
patara, vinaidan igi arc sidides eziareba da arc simcires.
am debulebidan erTi nabijiRaa areopagituli pirvelmize-
zis (RmerTis), rogorc yovelgvar gansazRvrebaze maRla
mdgomze, daxasiaTebamde1.
platonis filosofiasTan areopagituli moZRvrebis
siaxlovis garkvevis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania, agre-
Tve, platonis azri erTis sxvaSi yofnis Sesaxeb. ramdena-
dac erTi sxvaSia, igi mcirea, ramdenadac sxva masSia, erTi
didia. erTi Tavis Tavis da sxvis mimarT didicaa, Tanaba-
ric da mcirec2.
Cven aq dawvrilebiT aRar SevexebiT dialog `parmeni-
des~ bolo nawils, vinaidan erTis daSveba da misi mimar-
Teba Tavis TavTan da sxvasTan, ZiriTadad pasuxobs im amo-
canas, rasac winamdebare Sroma isaxavs. zogadad SevexebiT
mxolod platonis daskvnebs, romelic miRebulia erTis
uaryofiT, rodesac uaryofilia SefardebiTi erTi, maSin
erTi icvleba da arc icvleba, moZraobs da arc moZraobs.
erTi arc dgindeba da arc ispoba da, piriqiT3. platonis
mier aq miRebuli daskvna mniSvnelovan safuZvels warmo-
adgens neoplatonizmisTvis, saxeldobr, rodesac msjelo-
ba exeba RmerTis sapirispiro niSnebiT daxasiaTebas. amis
naTeli dadasturebaa agreTve, fsevdo-dionises moZRvreba
katafatikur da apofatikur meTodebze4.
rodesac mivmarTavT SedarebiT erTis uaryofas, ma-
Sin sxva aris simravle. es simravleebi msgavsic iqneba da
aramsgavsic, rogorc Tavis Tavis mimarT, ise erTmaneTis
mimarT. isini gaerTianebulic iqneba da danawilebulic,
moZravic da uZravic.
rogorc aRniSnulidan irkveva, SedarebiTi erTis ua-
ryofis dros gvaqvs erTisa da sxvis sapirispiro niSnebiT

1
areopagitika. `saidumlod RTis-metyvelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224, 229.
2
Платон. Сочинения в трех томах. Т. II, gv. 448.
3
iqve, gv. 468-471.
4
areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-mtyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224.

124
daxasiaTeba, rac neoplatonuri filosofiisTvis Cveule-
brivi ambavia.
rac Seexeba wminda (absoluturi) erTis uaryofas da
Sedegebs erTisTvis da sxvisTvis1, aq naTlad Cans, rom
wminda erTis daSvebiT xelT araferi aRar gvrCeba. amgva-
ri erTis uaryofis dros erTsa da sxvas araviTari niSani
ar gaaCniaT. ufro zustad ki, platonis mixedviT, Tu erTi
ar arsebobs, araferi ar arsebobs. platonis filosofiis
(`parmenides~) es rezultati mravlismetyvelia. filoso-
fiis istoriis mkvlevrebi xSirad miuTiTeben, rom plato-
nis dialogebi urezultatod mTavrdeba. sinamdvileSi ki
saqme arc asea, rogorc erTi SexedviT Cans. platonis azri
imis Sesaxeb, rom, Tuki erTi ar arsebobs, maSin araferi ar
arsebobs, gana ar miuTiTebs imis moTxovnaze, rom saWiro
da aucilebelia erTi. amasTan, es erTi wminda, Sinaarsisgan
daclili ki ar unda iyos, aramed sxvas, simravles naziare-
bi, romelic Tavis TavSi ararss, sxvas, simravles gulisx-
mobs. rogorc `sofistes~, ise `parmenides~ rezultati
unda iyos amgvari safuZvlis moTxovna.
`sofistesa~ da `parmenideSi~ dayenebul problemebs
exeba hegeli. hegelis azriT, dialogi `parmenide~ aris
platonuri dialeqtikis Sedevri, romelSic mocemulia
platonis dialeqtikis Teoriis ZiriTadi principebi. ma-
gram platoni `parmenideSi~ ver axerxebs sawinaaRmdegoTa
gaerTianebas da amitomac dialogi uaryofiTi rezulta-
tiT mTavrdeba. Tumca SemdgomSi platoni `sofisteSi~ da
`filebosSi~ garkveulad gamoTqvams sawinaaRmdegoTa er-
Tianobis Sesaxeb2.
s. wereTelma (1907-1966) platonis filosofias (gan-
sakuTrebiT ki mis dialeqtikas) specialuri gamokvleva
miuZRvna. igi fiqrobs, rom platonis mier `sofisteSi~

Платон. Сочинения в трех томах. Т. II, gv. 464-477.

1

Hegel. Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Philosophie. Leipzig, 1971, Bd. II,
2

gv. 82-84.

125
dayenebul problematikis Semdgomi gagrZeleba-ganviTare-
ba xdeba dialog `parmenideSi~1.
rogorc vxedavT, s. wereTeli ar iziarebs hegelis
Tvalsazriss `sofistesa~ da `parmenideSi~ dayenebuli
problemebis mimarTebis Sesaxeb. vfiqrobT, rom sakiTxis
amgvari dayeneba ar unda iyos mTlad gamarTlebuli. pla-
tonis orive dialogi faqtobrivad ikvlevs erTian safu-
Zvels. `sofisteca~ da `parmenidec~ aris momzadeba erTia-
ni safuZvelis dasadgenad. yovelgvari arsebulis erTiani
safuZveli platonma gamoikvlia dialogSi – `saxelmwifo~,
kerZod, roca msjeloba exeba sikeTis ideas.

3. sikeTis problema
platonis filosofiis amocanas Seadgens im erTiani sa-
fuZvelis dadgena, romelic yovelgvar arsebulze maRla
mdgomi iqneba da moxsnis yovelgvar dapirispirebas. ase-
Tad platons miaCnia sikeTis idea. dialog `saxelmwifos~
me-4 wignSi platoni ixilavs sikeTis problemas. iqve cxadi
xdeba, rom platons ainteresebs sikeTis idea ara eTikuri,
rogorc es `filebosSia~ ganxiluli, aramed ontologiuri
mniSvnelobiT – sikeTis idea, rogorc yovelgvari sinamd-
vilis mizezi da saboloo mizani.
sikeTe, platonis azriT, aris iseTi ram, romelic sag-
nebs aZlevs arsebobas, arss, Tumca TviT sikeTe araa arse-
boba. igi arsebobaze maRla dgas da aRemateba mas Rirse-
biTa da ZaliT2. amgvarad aris daxasiaTebuli sikeTis idea
neoplatonizmSic, rac kidev erTxel naTels xdis platoni-
sa da neoplatonuri filosofiis mWidro kavSirs. platoni
sikeTis ideas adarebs mzes. mzis msgavsia sinaTle, romlis
meSveobiT Cven vxedavT sagnebs, magram Secdoma iqneboda
sinaTlis miCneva mzed, aRniSnavs platoni. asevea sikeTec.

s. wereTeli. antikuri filosofia. Tb., 1968, gv. 266.

1

Платон. Сочинения в трех томах. М., 1971, т. III, ч. 1, gv. 311-317.

2

126
sikeTe, rogorc arsebobis safuZveli, yovelgvari arsis
Semecnebis, WeSmaritebis mizezia. magram Secdoma iqneboda
Semecneba da WeSmariteba migveCnia sikeTed. sikeTe ufro
metia, vidre aRniSnuli cnebebis Sinaarsi1.
rogorc vxedavT, sikeTis idea platonis filosofiaSi
umaRlesi ideaa, srulyofilebis umaRlesi formaa, rome-
lic arsebuli sinamdvilis mizezi da safuZvelia. faqto-
brivad aq saqme gvaqvs umaRles arsTan, umaRles erTTan.
is moTxovnebi, rac platonma `sofistesa~ da `parmenideSi~
daayena, dakmayofilebulia sikeTis ideis aRiarebiT, rad-
ganac sikeTis idea maRla dgas rogorc arsisa da ararsis,
ise erTisa da simravlis dapirispirebaze. ufro sworad, si-
keTis idea, rogorc umaRlesi pirveli sawyisi, yovelgvar
dapirispirebaze, gansxvavebaze maRla dgas, vinaidan sikeTe
`arsebobis sazRvrebs gareTaa~. amitomac ar unda iyos swo-
ri azri imis Sesaxeb, rom sikeTis idea aris pirvelsawyisi
mTeli, romlis nawilebsac warmoadgenen danarCeni ideebi.2
sikeTis idea ar SeiZleba nawilebis Semcveli iyos. amgvari
Sedegi platons ukve hqonda miRebuli rogorc `sofiste-
Si~, ise `parmenideSi~. platonis amocanas Seadgens iseTi
ideis daSveba, romelic yovelvar gansazRvrebaze, gayofa-
dobaze, nawilebis Semcvelobaze maRla mdgomi iqneba. sul
sxva saqmea, rom sikeTis idea ver akmayofilebs im moTxov-
nilebas, rac platonma mas dausaxa.
sikeTis idea, rogorc umaRlesi arseba da mizezi, Ta-
viseburad iqna SeTvisebuli neoplatonizmSi. plotinem si-
keTis idea pirvelsawyiss gauigiva, romlisganac emanaciis
gziT gamomdinareobs danarCeni arsebebi. plotinesTan si-
keTis ideam substanciis mniSvneloba miiRo3.

1
Д. Джохадзе. Основные этапы развития античнной философии. М.,1977,
gv. 111.
2
s. wereTeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 314.
3
plotine. VI eneada, me-9 wigni, $15.

127
 proklesTan (412-485) sikeTe aris yvelafris sawyisi,
romliskenac, amave dros, miiswrafvian arsebebi. es miswra-
feba imis gamo xdeba, rom sikeTe aris srulyofileba,
srulyofilebis umaRlesi forma. sikeTe da erTi, prokles
azriT, igiveobrivia1.
neoplatonurma filosofiam platonis filosofiisgan
sikeTe, rogorc pirvelsawyisi, ucvlelad miiRo da Semdeg
ganaviTara. sikeTis ideis ganviTareba moxda emanaciuri
principis SemotaniT. kerZod, plotine sikeTisgan, rogorc
pirvelmizezisgan iwyebs mTeli arsebuli sinamdvilis ga-
moyvanas. fsevdo-dionise emyareba prokles filosofias da
aRiarebs sikeTis absoluturobas, xolo borotebis yovel-
gvar mniSvnelobas auqmebs. es Tvalsazrisi gansxvavdeboda
platonisa da plotines msoflmxedvelobebisgan, romelTa
Tanaxmadac boroteba, marTalia, ar arsebobs, magram misi
daSveba aucilebelia sikeTis gamosavlineblad. sakuTriv
fsevdo-dionises damsaxureba imaSi gamoixateboda, rom man
sikeTis absoluturobisa da borotebis arasubstanciuro-
bis Tvalsazrisi qristianul msoflmxedvelobaSi daamkvi-
dra.
plotines filosofiisa da naoplatonizmis mimarTe-
bis gasarkvevad sam dialogs (`sofiste~, `parmenide~, `sa-
xelmwifo~) mivmarTeT, rac ganpirobebuli iyo Semdegi ga-
remoebiT: neoplatonuri filosofiis ZiriTadi, sakvanZo
sakiTxebis safuZvlebi swored aRniSnul dialogebSia mo-
cemuli. platonis Tvalsazrisis ganviTareba neopaltoni-
kosebis mxridan ZiriTadad `sofisteze~, `parmenidesa~ da
`saxelmwifoze~ dayrdnobiT xdeba.

Прокл. Первоосновы теологии. Тб., 1972, gv. 12-13.

1

128
 $2. plotines misticizmi da areopagitika

areopagitul moZRvrebaze plotines filosofiis gav-

lena ZiriTadad Semdeg sakiTxebSi mJRavndeba: moZRvreba
pirvelsawyis erTze – RmerTze, erTis negacia, RmerTis
mistikuri wvdoma. plotines filosofiaSi RmerTis ua-
ryofiT daxasiaTebas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva.
plotines azriT, RmerTis Sesaxeb umjobesia vTqvaT, rom
mis Sesaxeb araferi viciT. RmerTis arcodna plotines fi-
losofiaSi gzas uxsnis misticizms. plotines misticizmis
gavlenas Sua saukuneebis bevri moazrovne ganicdis, maT
Soris fsevdo-dionise areopageli. areopagituli moZRvre-
bis siaxlove plotinis msoflmxedvelobasTan upirvelesad
swored misticizmis sferoSi mJRavndeba1.
misticizmze msjelobisas or moments unda mieqces yu-
radReba: ra Sinaarsia nagulisxmebi am cnebaSi da rasTan
aris dakavSirebuli ama Tu im moazrovnesTan misi msofl-
mxedvelobis misticizmze gadasvla. saerTo azris Tanax-
mad, misticizmi aris msoflmxedveloba, romelic filo-
sofiur-logikuri gzis sawinaaRmdegod, RmerTis wvdomis
gzad miiCnevs mistikur Wvretas2. misticizmi Tavisi arse-
biT aris filosofiidan gadaxveva da igi ufro religiuri
msoflmxedvelobis kuTvnilebaa, vidre filosofiisa. sxva
saqmea, rom misticizmi atarebda filosofiur xasiaTs3.
misticizmis safuZvlad RmerTis uaryofiTi daxasiaTe-
ba moiazreba.4 aq erTi koreqtivia saWiro: misticizmis sa-
fuZveli ar aris pirvelmizezis (RmerTis) is uaryofiTi da-
xasiaTeba, romelic upirispirdeba dadebiTs. eseni, pirvel

1
Н. Бердяев. Смысл творчеста. Опыт оправдания человека. М., 1916, gv.
295-297.
2
Философская энциклопедия. М., 1967, т. IV, gv. 456.
3
А. Бриллиантов. Влияние восточного богословия на западное в произ­
ведениях Иоанна Скота Эригены. С.-Петербург, 1898. gv. 169.
4
Философская энциклопедия. Т. IV, gv.455.

129
rigSi, codnis meTodebia, romlebic aCvenebs filosofiis
naklovanebas pirvelmizezis saboloo wvdomisTvis. rogorc
aRiniSna, fsevdo-dionises azriT, dadebiTi da uaryofiTi
meTodebi erTmaneTs ar ewinaaRmdegeba, xolo RmerTi ima-
ze metia, vidre mis Sesaxeb aRniSnuli meTodebi gveubneba1.
es meTodebi racionaluri codnis sferos ganekuTvneba da
mistikasTan araferi aqvT saerTo. misticizmze gadasvla
mas Semdeg iwyeba, rodesac aRmoCndeba, rom codnis meTo-
debi uZluria RmerTis Sesamecneblad. amitomac sxva gzaa
saWiro. es gza mistikuri Wvretaa, romlisTvisac, rogorc
SemdegSi vnaxavT, aucilebeli yofila pirvelmizezis nega-
cia – misi absoluturad uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba. absolu-
turi negacia pirvelmizezis (RmerTis) dadebiTi da uaryo-
fiTi daxasiaTebis Semdgomi safexuria2.

areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-mtyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224.

1

misticizmis Sesaxeb saintereso mosazrebas gamoTqvams rusi

2

filosofosi nikolai berdiaevi. misi azriT, mistika niSnavs

Tavis TavSi CaRrmavebas. am CaRrmavebiT, amave dros gareT
gasvlac xdeba. adamianis siRrmeSi Zevs yovelgvari saidumlo­
ebis gasaRebi. mistikas emyareba religiac. qristianoba mis­
tikuric aris da aramistikuric. is mistikuria, ramdenadac
Sinagan-adamianuria, magram, ramdenadac igi (e. i. qristianoba)
saSualo adamianisTvis misawvdomia, amitomac aramistikuricaa
(ix. Н. Бердяев. dasax. naSr., gv. 290-291). n. berdiaevi akritikebs
imaT, visac yovelgvar mistikaSi Semoqmedebis amaRorZinebeli
wyaro aqvT danaxuli. mistika mravalgvaria. berdiaevis azriT,
Zvel mistikas hqonda panTeisturi tendencia. es tendencia
adamians Tqvefs RmerTSi, riTac ikargeba adamianis TviToba,
magram panTeistur mistikaSi iyo ukvdavi WeSmariteba imis
Sesaxeb, rom Semoqmedi da Semonaqmedi `intimurad~ ise axlos
aris, rom RmerTi SemoqmedebaSia da Semoqmedeba RmerTSia, rom
samyarosa da adamianSi mimdinare xdeba RmerTSic, rom RmerTis
energia gadaedineba samyaroSi (iqve, gv. 292). indur mistikaSi, n.
ber­­­diaev­is azriT, ignorirebulia adamiani, arsebobs mxolod
RvTa­­ eb­
rivi Zala. indur mistikasTan axlos dgas plotine.
plotinesTanac adamiani RvTaebaSi qreba.

130
 Cveni kvlevis miznebidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania
nikolai berdiaevis (1874-1948) Tvalsazrisi plotines ne-
gatiur Teologiaze. plotines mier erTis uaryofiTi da-
xasiaTebiT, pirvelad evropul religiur filosofiaSi,
srulad iqna mocemuli erTis negatiuri, ganyenebuli ga-
geba, romelic gawmendilia arsisgan, samyarosgan. es idea
gadavida qristianul metafizikaSi. n. berdiaevis azriT,
dionise areopagelis (igulisxmeba fsevdo-dionise areopa-
geli, – m. m.) negatiuri Teologia mTlianad emyareba erTis
neoplatonur mistikas1.

1. plotines misticizmi
plotines misticizmis arsis gasagebad ganvixiloT misi
filosofiuri sistemis ZiriTadi principebi. plotines fi-
losofiis Tanaxmad, pirvelmizezi (RmerTi) mTeli sinamd-
vilis safuZvelia, misgan aqvs arsebebs arseboba, sicocx-
le... RmerTidan arsebebis warmoSoba xdeba srulyofilebis
siWarbiT. is arsebebi, romlebic RmerTTan axlosaa, ufro
srulyofilia, vidre daSorebuli. plotinesTan es ierar-
qiuli kibe asea warmodgenili: pirveli erTi (RmerTi) – go-
neba – suli – kosmosi (materialuri sinamdvile).
plotines filosofiaSi did rols asrulebs RmerTis
dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba, romelic Semdgom
Taviseburad aiTvisa da ganaviTara fvsevdo-dionise are-
opagelma. plotines azriT, pirvelmizezis (RmerTis) daxa-
siaTeba SeiZleba xiluli sinamdvilis arsebebis saxelebiT,
magram am saxelTagani verc erTi ver gamoxatavs RmerTis
namdvil bunebas. eseni faqtobrivad pirvelmizezisadmi Cven
mier miwerili predikatebia. amis Semdeg irRveva dadebiTi
meTodiT miRebuli codna da mis adgils ikavebs uaryofi-
Ti daxasiaTeba. dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTodebi, rogorc
areopagituli moZRvrebis ganxilvisas vnaxeT, racionalu-
ri codnis meTodebia, romlebic sakmarisi ar aris RmerTis

Н. Бердяев. dasax. naSr., gv. 297.

1

131
wvdomisTvis. es ki filosofiuri codnis SezRudulobaze
miuTiTebs. amis gamo saWiro xdeba pirvelmizezis wvdomis-
Tvis axali gzis gamoZebna. es gza aris mistikuri Wvreta.
zustad aseT viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme gacilebiT adre –
plotines msoflmxedvelobaSi.
ganvixiloT am kuTxiT plotines filosofia. ploti-
ne adamianis umaRles daniSnulebad acxadebs pirvelsawyi-
sisken (RmerTisken) miswrafebas. RmerTTan gaerTianebis-
Tvis aucilebeli pirobaa, rom adamiani gaTavisufldes
yovelgvar xilul sagnebTan mimarTebisgan, ese igi, Tavi
daaRwios sxeulis tyveobas. mxolod amis Semdeg SeiZleba
saubari pirvelmizezis wvdomaze. yovelive es imiT iwye-
ba, rom adamiani iviwyebs gare sinamdviles, iZireba sulis
siRrmeSi, xedavs sulis, gonebis pirvelsaxeebs da am mdgo-
mareobaSi myofi igi elodeba pirvelmizezis, anu RmerTis
xilvas1. aRniSnuli ar gansxvavdeba RmerTis religiur-mis-
tikuri wvdomisgan. plotine amaze rom SeCerebuliyo, bune-
brivia, araviTari safuZveli ar gveqneboda, mis moZRvreba-
Si arsebuli misticizmis filosofiur bunebaze gvemsjela.
plotines pirvelmizezis religiuri (mistikuri) wvdo-
ma filosofiurad aqvs gaazrebuli da mas mkacr logikur
principebs umorCilebs. rogor da ra gziT xdeba pirvel-
mizezTan arsebebis dabruneba? plotines azriT, pirvelmi-
zezis wvdomisTvis aucilebelia uSualo, winamaval mize-
zSi dabruneba (am princips SemdgomSi aiTviseben prokle
da fsevdo-dionise), ese igi, pirvelmizezTan gaerTiane-
bamde aucilebelia yvela im safexuris gavla, romelic
momdinareobs pirvelmizezidan. plotines Tanaxmad, roca
Cven gvinda pirvelmizezTan gaerTianeba, Serwyma, amisTvis
unda mivmarToT suls, ufro sworad sulis RvTaebriv na-
wils (plotines mixedviT, sulis meore nawili miwierTanaa
dakavSirebuli). amisTvis saWiroa CamoviciloT is adamia-
nuri Tvisebebi, romlebic miwisaken gvezideba (sxeuli,

plotine. V eneada, I wigni, $6.

1

132
SegrZnebebi)1. amis Semdeg suli mimarTavs gonebas, goneba
ki, pirvelmizezs. rogorc vxedavT, plotinesTan pirvelmi-
zezis (RmerTis) uSualo Wvreta ki ar gvaqvs, aramed xdeba
RmerTTan misasvleli yvela safexuris gavla da mxolod
amis Semdeg xdeba misi namdvili bunebis gageba. swored es
momenti aqvs mxedvelobaSi p. blonskis, roca plotinesTan
adamianis miswrafebas RmerTTan gaerTianebisken filoso-
fiur-inteleqtualurs uwodebs 2.
plotines misticizmis filosofiur-inteleqtualur
xasiaTs adasturebs misi Semdegi mosazrebac: marTalia,
pirvelmizezi CvenTvis Seucnobelia, magram es srulebiTac
ar niSnavs, rom igi CvenTvis saerTod miuRwevelia3. aq, imis
garda, rom filosofiuri codnis SezRudulobazea miTi-
Tebuli, Cans agreTve, mistikis moTxovna. magram es araa
wminda, religiuri mistika. vnaxoT es plotines Tvalsazri-
sis analizis safuZvelze. plotines azriT, pirvelmizezis
wvdoma SeiZleba Semecnebis gareSe. Cven SegviZlia miaxlo-
eba pirvelmizezTan ise, rom araferi vTqvaT mis Sesaxeb.
es miaxloeba SeiZleba predikatebis negaciis safuZvelze.
kerZod, RmerTSi uarvyofT yvela im niSan-Tvisebas, rac is
ar aris, rac mas ar ekuTvnis4. aq yuradReba unda gavamaxvi-
loT plotines gamoTqmebze: `rac is ar aris~, `rac mas ar
ekuTvnis~. ra igulisxmeba am gamoTqmebSi da rogor unda
gavigoT isini? aRniSnulis gasagebad mivmarToT plotines
saerTo azrs pirvelmizezis Sesaxeb. rogorc ukve aRiniSna,
plotines mixedviT, pirvelmizezis dadebiTi daxasiaTebi-
sas mas miewereba xiluli sinamdvilisgan aRebuli predi-
katebi, romlebic ar Seesabameba mis namdvil bunebas. amiT
faqtobrivad pirvelmizezze (RmerTze) mcdari warmodegena
gveqmneba. swored amitom saWiroa pirvelmizezs Camovaci-

1
plotine. V eneada, me-3 wigni, $9.
2
П. Блонский. Философия Плотина. М., 1918, gv. 89.
3
plotine. V eneada, me-3 wigni, $14.
4
iqve.

133
loT (`gavwmindoT~) mcdari saxelebi. swored es igulisx-
meba pirvelmizezis plotiniseul negaciaSi, romlis did
mniSvnelobaze qristianuli metafizikisTvis miuTiTebda
n. berdiaevi. Aamis Semdeg, plotines azriT (e. i. pirvelmi-
zezze mcdari saxelebis CamocilebiT), Cven miviswrafviT
misken azrovnebis meSveobiT da yovelTvis vgrZnobT, rom
igi (e.i. pirvelmizezi) aris azrovnebis, gonebis uSinagnesi
arseba, Tumca misi gamoxatva Cven ar SegviZlia, misi gad-
mocema Cvens SemecnebiT unars aRemateba. P
plotines mixedviT, pirvelmizezis WvretisTvis mxo-
lod azrovnebiT miswrafeba araa sakmarisi. am gziT Rmer-
Tis mxolod nawilobrivi miRweva SeiZleba. misi saboloo
wvdomisTvis unda mivmarToT intuitur gzas1. rogorc
vxedavT, platine xazs usvams azrovnebis uunarobas Rmer-
Tis saboloo wvdomisTvis. Mmagram isic sayuradReboa, rom
RmerTis mistikuri Wvretis gzaze azrovneba erT-erTi au-
cilebeli saSualebaa.
rogor xdeba adamianis gaerTianeba, Serwyma RmerTTan?
rodesac adamiani mimarTulia RmerTisaken, pirvelad igi
grZnobs, rom RmerTi misgan gansxvavebulia, igi sxvaa da
RmerTi sxva. magram, rodesac is iZireba sakuTar `m-Si, amiT
gadalaxavs yovelgvar SiSs da Seerwymeba RmerTs. RmerT-
Tan SerwymisTvis, plotines azriT, zemoaRniSnulis garda,
aucilebelia TviT RmerTis siZlieris rwmena2. rogorc vxe-
davT, plotinesTan RmerTis wvdoma SesaZlebelia sakuTar
TavSi CarRmavebiT. es imis gamo, rom RmerTi Cvens gareT ki
araa, aramed CvenSia, magram ver vamCnevT mas. swored imis
gamo, rom RmerTi Cvens gareT ki araa, aramed CvenSia, yve-
la Cvengans SeuZlia misi miRweva, magram adamianebi TviTon
Sordebian RmerTs da ucxovdebian misgan3. aq yovelTvis

1
plotine. V eneada, me-5 wigni, $10.
2
iqve, V eneada, me-8 wigni, $11.
3
iqve, VI eneada, me-9 wigni, $7.

134
igulisxmeba, rom adamianebi ufro did yuradRebas aqce-
ven sxeulebrivs. swored amis gamo isini RmerTs Sordebian.
plotines moZRvrebaSi arsebuli misticizmis filoso-
fiur bunebaze miuTiTebs misi Semdgomi mosazrebac: vis
SeuZlia RvTaebis miRweva? plotines mixedviT, amis unari
aqvs imas, vinc dajildoebulia filosofiis siyvaruliT,
vinc Tavidanve aris filosofosi. aseTi adamiani ar kmayo-
fildeba grZnobadi silamaziT (e. i. ar Cerdeba sxeulebri-
vze) da miiswrafvis umaRlesi mSvenierebisken. sabolood
plotine aRniSnavs, rom pirvelimizezisken miswrafeba da-
maxasiaTebelia iseTi adamianebisTvis, romlebic filoso-
fiur unars floben1. marTalia, RmerTis wvdoma mxolod
mistikaSia SesaZlebeli, magram, amasTan, plotines mixed-
viT, RmerTis wvdomisTvis upirvelesi amocanaa is, rom,
vinc RmerTs Wvrets, filosofosobis unariT unda iyos
dajildoebuli. aqedan gamomdinare cxadi xdeba, rom plo-
tinesTan misticizmi ar gulisxmobs filosofiis mTlianad
gauqmebas. marTalia, filosofia naklovania, magram misti-
kuri WvretisTvis aucilebeli safexuria.
plotine sainteresod ixilavs mistikuri Wvretis pro-
cess. suli, rodesac miiswrafvis `sikvdilisken~ (Rmer-
Tisken), man pirvelad goneba unda gaiaros (misi uSualo
mizezi), gonebis gavlis Semdeg daiviwyebs azrovnebas da
mTel yuradRebas miapyrobs umaRles sikeTes (RmerTs,
pirvelmizezs). rac Seexeba gonebis mier umaRlesi sikeTis
Wvretas, aq unda gvaxsovdes, rom mas ori unari gaaCnia:
erTi moazrovne, romelic ixilavs, Tu ra aris TviTon mas-
Si, meore unari ki Wvrets umaRles sawyiss. rodesac goneba
Wvrets sawyiss, pirvelad igi mas garegnulad eCveneba, Se-
mdeg ki Sinaganad. pirveli Wvretisas goneba aris moazro-
vne, xolo meore Wvretisas, rogorc `neqtariT mTvrali,~
kargavs azrovnebis unars2. aq CvenTvis sayuradRebo isaa,

plotine. V eneada, me-9 wigni, $2.

1

iqve, VI eneada, me-7 wigni, $35.

2

135
rom plotines mixedviT, mistikuri Wvretisas azrovneba
dakargulia. magram, amasTan, azrovneba asrulebs garkveul
rols mistikuri Wvretis gansaxorcieleblad. es aris go-
nebis meSveobiT [RmerTisagan] im mcdari gansazRvrebebis,
saxelebis Camocileba, romlebic Cven mieraa masze miweri-
li da araferi aqvs saerTo mis WeSmaritebasTan. yovelive
es ki swored im azrs adasturebs, rom plotines filoso-
fiaSi arsebulma pirvelmizezis negatiurma daxasiaTebam
mis misticizms filosofiuri elferi misca.
pirvelmizezTan Serwyma-gaerTianeba aris sikeTis cod-
na, romelsac, plotines azriT, platonma udidesi codna
uwoda. es codna miiRweva analogiiT, abstraciiT, negacii-
Ta da ZiriTad safexurze meToduri svliT. Ees safexurebia:
ganwmenda locvis meSveobiT, sikeTiT Semkoba, aRmafrena
noumenalur samyaroSi, iq darCenis cda. am gziT SeiZle-
ba pirveli sinaTlis, ese igi, umaRlesi mizezis miRweva1.
plotine kidev erTxel xazs usvams, rom mistikuri Wvre-
tisas filosofiuri Semecnebis xerxebi aucilebelia. am
gzaze mis mier analogiis, abstraqciisa da negaciis moxmo-
ba miuTiTebs, rom plotinesTvis filosofia arasodes ar
asrulebs meorexarisxovan rols. pirvelmizezis mistikuri
Wvretis SemTxvevaSic ki, romelic filosofiuri Semecne-
bis uZlurobis gamoa daSvebuli, udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs
Semecnebis filosofiur xerxebs (analogia, abstraqcia, ne-
gacia). amasTan, mniSvnelovania is garemoebac, rom ploti-
nes misticizmi religiur moTxovnilebasac akmayofilebs,
kerZod, pirvelmizezis wvdomisaTvis locvis aucileblo-
bis aRiareba.
Cven ukve gvqonda saubari plotines filosofiis mi-
xedviT CvenSi RmerTis arsebobaze. plotine aRniSnavs,
rom RmerTi Cven ar gvtovebs. mis gareSe arsebuli sico-
cxle aris mxolod Crdili. WeSmarit sicocxled ploti-
nes miaCnia RmerTan saidumlo kavSiri, raSic, ra Tqma unda,

plotine. VI eneada, me-7 wigni, $36.

1

136
RmerTTan mistikuri gaerTianeba igulisxmeba. es kavSiri,
gaerTianeba saidumloa imdenad, ramdenadac SeuZlebelia
misi gadmocema codnis enaze. plotine aRniSnavs: adamiani
RmerTis Wvretisas rwmundeba, rom is RvTaebrivia; rogorc
ki wava es mdgomareoba, igi `isev damZimdeba1. aq, plotine
cdilobs, rom RmerTis transcendenturi buneba Seeguos
imanenturs2. amas Semdegi garemoeba gvafiqrebinebs: ploti-
nes mixedviT, adamianis umaRlesi daniSnulebaa RmerTTan
gaerTianeba. RmerTi, erTi mxriv, CvenSia, CvenSi SeiZleba
misi danaxva, magram, amasTan, igi rogorc mTeli sinamdvi-
lis uzogadesi principi, umaRlesi pirvelmizezi SeuZle-
belia mxolod CvenSi iyos imanenturad, is, amave dros, ga-
reTaa. plotine aRniSnavs, rom sakuTar TavSi CaRrmavebiT
faqtobrivad gareT gavdivarT da Cven aRmovaCenT umaRles
mizezs. es ki naTels xdis, rom plotine cdilobs RmerTis
transcendenturoba Seuguos mis imanenturobas. am azris
gatarebas is dadebiTi mniSvneloba hqonda, rom nacadi iyo
RmerTisa (pirvelmizezis) da samyaros gaerTianeba (adamia-
nic xom samyaros nawilia). es ki, rac sabolood imis mo-
maswavebeli iyo, rom xilul sinamdviles ndoba ecxadeboda
da masSi Rirebulis danaxvis SesaZlebloba Cndeboda.
bunebrivia, plotines Tvalsazrisis misamarTiT Sem-
degi kiTxvis dasma: Tuki adamianis umaRlesi daniSnuleba
RmerTTan gaerTianeba-Serwymaa, maSin ratom ar Cerdeba
maradiulad aseT mdgomareobaSi? amis mizezi, plotines
azriT, aris sxeuli. adamiani Sedgeba rogorc sulis, ise
sxeulisgan da misgan gaTavisufleba xdeba droebiT. ga-
rkveuli drois Semdeg sxeuli aiZulebs mas, daubrundes

plotine. IV eneada, me-9 wigni, $9.

1

Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis mkvlevari a. Stokli,

2

rodesac maister ekhartis msoflmxedvelobas ganixilavs,

aRniSnavs, rom samyaroSi RmerTis transcendenturobisa
da imanenturobis Serigeba aris rogorc ekhartis, ise
neoplatonikosebis amocana. ix. А. Штёкль. История средневековой
философии. М., 1912, gv. 92.

137
Tavis adrindel mdgomareobas1. aq plotines mxedvelobaSi
aqvs eqstazi. RmerTis wvdoma, Wvreta SesaZlebelia mxo-
lod eqstazis mdgomareobaSi. eqstazi, plotines mixedviT,
garkveuli drois manZilze grZeldeba da swored imis gamo,
rom adamiani sxeulis Semcvelia, ar ZaluZs im mdgomareo-
baSi maradiulad darCena.
aq aRniSnulis Sesaxeb saintereso mosazrebas gamo-
Tqvams e. celeri, romlis ATanaxmad, plotinesTan RvTa-
ebrivi gamovlena miiRweva mxolod momentaluri aqtiT,
rogorc garegani abstraqciis produqti. maSin gamodis,
rom RmerTTan es gaerTianeba Sedgeba erTeuli momente-
bisgan. aq, erTi SexedviT, winaaRmdegobac unda iyos: suli,
RmerTTan Serwymisas, amave dros, imyofeboda adamianis
sxeulSi. celeris azriT, aq araviTari winaaRmdegoba ar
gvaqvs. Pplotones gansazRvrebiT, amgvar monacvleobaSi
(cvalebadobaSi) mJRavndeba sulis namdvili buneba – suli
Tavisi zegrZnobadi cxovrebisas imyofeba sxeulebrivSic2.
adamianma grZnobadsa da zegrZnobads Soris yofna rom ga-
naxorcielos, saWiroa raRac Sualeduri rgoli, romlis
drosac suli miwieri cxovrebis gagrZelebisas amaRldeba
grZnobadze. aseTi mdgomareobis miRweva religiaSi SeiZle-
ba. celeri aRniSnavs, rom swored aRniSnulis gamo ploti-
nes mimdevrebi gansakuTrebul simpaTias iCendnen religiis
mimarT3.
plotines filosofiis amgvari dalageba, rogorc aq
movaxdineT, erT garkveul mizans emsaxureboda. kerZod,
plotines filosofiaSi win wamoweul iqna yvela is mo-
menti, romlebic amzadebs plotineseul misticizms. Cvens
mizans Seadgenda gveCvenebina, rom plotines filosofiaSi
mocemuli Tvalsazrisi aucileblobiT moiTxovs mistika-

1
plotine. VI eneada, me-9 wigni, $10.
2
E. Zeller. Die Philosophie der Griechen in ihrer geschichtlichen Entwiklung.
Leipzig, 1875, Th. 3, Abt. 2, gv. 613.
3
iqve, gv. 618.

138
ze gadasvlas, romelic ZiriTadad filosofiuri codnis
arasrulyofilebiT aris gamowveuli. amasTan, plotines
misticizmi gansxvavdeba religiurisgan swored imiT, rom
igi filosofiuri xasiaTs atarebs. kerZod, plotinesTan
RmerTis mistikuri Wvretis aucilebel pirobas warmoad-
gens azrovnebis meSveobiT pirvelmizezis `gawmenda~ (nega-
cia) mcdari saxelebisgan.
plotines misticizmis Sefasebisas aseve didi roli
eniWeba Tavisuflebis sakiTxis garkvevas. unda aRiniSnos,
rom, rodesac plotines misticizmis (da saerTo misticiz-
mis) progresulobas Seexeba saqme, pirvel rigSi, mxedvelo-
baSi unda iqnes miRebuli plotines mier misticizmis dakav-
Sireba adamianis TavisuflebasTan. yvelaferi, razedac iyo
msjeloba, plotines msoflmxedvelobaze Semdegi daskvnis
gakeTebis uflebas iZleva: filosofiuri codna araa sakma-
risi adamianis ATavisuflebis ganxorcielebisTvis, amitomac
saWiroa sxva gzebis Zieba. pirvelmizezis mistikuri Wvreta
aris swored amgvari gzaa. mistikuri Wvre­tis­Tvis saWiroa
uaris Tqma imaze, rac `miwisaken gvezi­deba~. Tuki SevZlebT
amas, maSin isev CvenSi aRmovaCenT RmerTs, gavuerTianebdiT
mas. `sxeulebrivisgan gaTavisufleba~ da `RmerTTan gaer-
Tianeba~ aris adamianis umaRles Tavisufleba. aRniSnuliT
naTladaa warmoCenili plotines moZRvrebis eTikuri prin-
cipi: adamianis umaRlesi daniSnulebas warmoadgens Rmer-
Tisken miswrafeba. Ees aris adamianis miswrafeba umaRlesi
Tavisuflebisken, romlis meSveobiTac adamiani TviTon
xdeba Tavisufali da srulyofili (RmerTi xom umaRlesi
Tavisuflebaa plotinesTan)1.
am gzaze adamianma, erTi mxriv, unda Camoicilos yve-
la is Tviseba, romelic mas xels uSlis pirvelmizezisken
miswrafebisas, xolo, meore mxriv, TviT pirvelmizezs unda
Camoacilos is saxelebi (predikatebi), romlebic TviT ada-

plotine. VI eneada, me-8 wigni, $$3, 4, 7, 15, 16, 21.

1

139
mianis mieraa miwerili RmerTze. am pirobebis dakmayofile-
bis Semdeg adamians gza exsneba namdvili Tavisuflebisken.
germaneli mklevari k. hase aRniSnavs, rom plotinesTan
yovelgvari eTikuri miswrafeba aris sxeulebrivisgan ga-
Tavisufleba, magram plotine ar qadagebs asketizms1.
plotines misticizms did yuradRebas aqcevs rusi
mkvle­vari p. blonski, romelic plotines filosofiisad-
mi miZRvnil specialur monogrofiaSi aRniSnavs, rom plo-
tines ZiriTadi eTikuri moTxovna RmerTTan gaerTianebaa,
risTvisac saWiroa materialuri sinamdvilidan gandgoma.
es moTxovna, p. blonskis azriT, iyo jer kidev platonTan.
p. blonski wers, rom platonis mixedviT, RmerTTan ga-
erTianeba SeiZleba sxeulebrivisgan gaTavisuflebiT. pla-
tonis Tvalsazrisi Semdgom gaaRrmava aristotelem. man
aCvena, rom RmerTTan adamianis damsgavseba aris adamianis
inteleqtualizacia, adamianSi gonebis gamarjveba ki aris
sikeTisken svla. aristoteles azriT, inteleqtualuri
cxovreba saerTod cxovrebaze (sicocxleze) uaris Tqma ki
ar aris, aramed yvelaze srulyofili, yvelaze maqsimaluri
cxovrebaa.
p. blonskis azriT, platonma da aristotelem aRweres
sikeTe, rogorc transcendenturi principi, RmerTi ki ro-
gorc absolituri aqtivoba, magram maT araferi uTqvamT
imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor xdeba sakuTriv adamiani aqtiuri
RmerTTan damsgavsebis procesSi da rogor eufleba igi
transcendentur sikeTes. es nakli, blonskis azriT, Se-
avso plotinem, romelic qmnis filosofiuri cxovrebis
sistemas. mis morals mniSvneloba aqvs, rogorc filoso-
fiuri cxovrebis damfuZneblis morals. blonskis azriT,
plotine arc momavali spinoza da kantia, romelTac zneo-
brivi sawyisis abosolutizacia moaxdines da arc filonia,
romelic, agreTve, aRniSnavda WvretiT cxovrebis Sesaxeb
da, romelsac asketizmi esmoda, rogorc efeqtebisa da

K. Hasse. Von Plotin zu Goethe. Jena, 1912, gv. 77.

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materialuri kmayofilebis winaaRmdeg brZola. filonis
ber-monazvnuri moralisgan gansxvavdeba plotines filo-
sofiur-inteleqtualuri morali. filoni ver mivida inte-
leqtis, rogorc umaRlesi sicocxlis gagebamde. plotines-
Tan ki, blonskis azriT, sikeTis miRweva SeiZleba mxolod
sakuTari gonebiT. plotinesTvis filosofias upirvelesad
moraluri mniSvneloba aqvs. marTalia, plotine, rogorc
asketi, ar uaryofs ganwmendas, magram igi asketizmis ab-
solutizaciis winaaRmdegia 1.
rogorc hases, ise blonskis mosazrebaSi naTlad Cans,
rom plotines filosofia, marTalia, ar gamoricxavs reli-
giur momentebs, magram misi ZiriTadi xazi filosofiuria.
es saerTo tendencia gasdevs plotines Tvalsazriss mis-
ticizmis Sesaxeb, romelsac, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, didi
gavlena hqonda Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaze. plotines mis-
ticizmis gavlenas ganicdida rogorc religiuri, ise fi-
losofiuri msoflmxedvelobani, maT Soris areopagituli
moZRvrebac.

2. areopagituli misticizmi
areopagituli misticizmis ganxilvisas angariSgasawe-
via a. briliantovis mosazreba, romlis mixedviT, fsevdo-
-dionise areopagelTan mistikuri Wvretis mizani Tavis
TavSia mocemuli – absolutTan gaerTianeba. masSi (e. i. mis-
tikur WvretaSi) kmayofildeba gonebis Cveulebrivi gziT
daukmayofilebeli miswrafeba miuwvdomelisken. mistikuri
Wvretisas gonebas RmerTi eZleva, rogorc arseboba. yo-
velive amis miRweva gonebas diskursiuli azrovnebiT ar
SeuZlia. goneba mistikur WvretaSi poulobs damSvidebas.
aseTia fsevdo-dionise areopagelTan spekulaturi misti-
kis meTodika, romelic gamoirCeva obieqturi xasiaTiT, yo-
velgvari fsiqologiuri ganmartebebis gareSe, rogorsac
gansakuTrebiT warmoadgens gviandeli xanis dasavleTis

П. Блонский. dasax. naSr., gv. 86-91.

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mistika. a. briliantovis azriT, berZnuli geniis miswrafe-
bis Teoriul-inteleqtualuri xasiaTi arsad ise ar asaxu-
la, kerZod, ekstatikur Wvretis moZRvrebaSi, rogorc es
fsevdo-dionises aqvs. RmerTisken miswrafebis gza aris
wminda logikuri, romelic TandaTanobiT maRldeba abs-
traqciebiT1.
a. briliantovis aRniSnuli mosazreba bevris mTqme-
lia. amasTan, avtori fsevdo-dionises misticizms axasia-
Tebs, rogorc Teoriul-inteleqtualurs. Tu gavixsenebT
plotines misticizmis filosofiur xasiaTs, bunebrivia,
daisvas kiTxva am punqtSi plotines TvalsazrisTan fse-
vdo-dionises Tvalsazrisis siaxloveze. SevecdebiT imis
Cvenebas, rom areopagituli misticizmi amgvari daskvnis
SesaZleblobas iZleva da amasTan, am sakiTxSi fvsevdodio-
nises winamorbedia plotine.
areopagituli misticizmis gasaRebs iZleva fsevdo-
dionises Sexeduleba filosofiasa da RvTismetyveleba-
ze, kerZod, is, rom filosofiis mizans Seadgens garkveva,
srulyofa, mecnieruloba..., xolo RvTismetyvelobisTvis
damaxasiaTebelia gamouTqmeloba, rwmena, mesaidumloeba:
`viTarmed orsaxe ars RmerTis-metyuelTa sity¢s momce-
melooba¡: romelime gamouTqumeli da saidumlo¡, xolo
romelime saxis-SemoRebiTi da srul yofiTi; da romelime
usaCinoesi da umecnieresi, xolo romelime sibrZnis moyua-
rebiTi da gamoCinebiTi; da Tana-SeTxzul arian TqumulTa
Tana uTqmelni da romelime Tana-Sekrul ars rwmunebsa da
TqumulTa WeSmaritebasa xolo romelime iqm da daamyarebs
RrmTisad uswavleliTa mesaidumloebiTa“2. areopagituli
moZRvrebis es adgili naTlad aCvenebs, rom avtors erT-
maneTisgan gamijnuli aqvs filosofiisa da RvTismetyve-
lebis sferoebi. amasTan, miTiTebulia im specifikur niS-
nebze, rac damaxasiaTebelia filosofiisTvis (`sibrZnis

А. Бриллиантов. dasax. naSr., gv. 169.

1

areopagitika. epistole – `tites mimarT~. gv. 251-252.

2

142
moyvareoa~, `warmoCineba~...) da RvTismetyvelebisTvis (`ga-
mouTqmeloba~, `mesaidumloeba~).
yuradRebas imsaxurebs fvsedo-dionises mosazreba
imis Taobaze, rom RvTismetyvelebis erTi dargi iZleva
garkveul codnas swavlis gareSe – `mesaidumloebis~ gziT
(`iqms da daamyarebs RvTisad uswavleliTa mesaidumloebi-
Ta~). aq, rogorc vxedavT, fsevdo-dionise iZleva mistikis
ganmartebas, romlis arsebasac Seadgens RmerTis `xedva~
ara codnis safuZvelze, aramed `mesaidumloebiT~. es `me-
saidumloeba~ sxva araferia, TuU ara RmerTis wvdoma mis-
tikuri Wvretis gziT.
fsevdo-dionises mier filosofiisa da RvTismetyve-
lebis gamijvna, romelic mocemulia epistoleSi `tites
mimarT~, avtoris im saerTo Tvalsazrisis dasrulebaa,
romlis mixedviTac filosofiuri codna da RvTismetyvele-
bis principebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba. fsevdo­-dionise
misi filosofiuri Txzulebis – `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~
dasasruls aRniSnavs, rom igi amTavrebs msjelobas RvTa-
ebrivi saxelebis Sesaxeb, romlebic Secnobadia da unda
gadavides RvTismetyvelebaze: `da ese iyavn Cuen mier sac-
naurTa maT RmrTis saxelebia dasasruli, ra¡Ta me winaZRo-
miTa RmrTisa¡Ta saxis-SemoRebiTisa RmrTis-metyuelebisa
mimarT mivicvalo~1. aRniSnulidan naTlad Cans, rom fsev­
do-dionise areopagels yvelgan naTlad aqvs gaazrebuli
rogorc filosofiuri moRvaweobis, ise RvTismetyvelebis
daniSnuleba.
fsevdo-dionisesTvis filosofia da RvTismetyveleba
sxvadasxva sferos ekuTvnis. gansxvavebulia maTi meTode-
bic. filosofiis sfero aris codna, xolo RvTismetyve-
lebisa – rwmena: filosofia moqmedebs codnis meTodebiT,
xolo RvTismetyveleba mistikiT. fsevdo-dionises misti-
kisTvis damaxasiaTebelia Teoriul-inteleqtualuri xa-
siaTi.

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 98.

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 areopagituli misticizmis arsis gasagebad ganvixiloT
sakiTxTa iseTi wre, romelSic naCvenebia mTeli sinamdvi-
lis swrafva RmerTisken. am mxriv mniSvnelovania fsevdo­
dionises Tvalsazrisi arsebaTa ukudabrunebis Sesaxeb.
mTeli sinamdvile Tavisi arsebebiT mimarTulia, miiswra-
fvis RmerTisken; aq isic unda gvaxsovdes, rom RmerTi,
rogorc srulyofilebis umaRlesi forma, mizezicaa da
mizanic.
arsebebis ukudabruneba da gaerTianeba RmerTTan did
mniSvnelobas iZens neoplatonur filosofiaSi. am gzas
mihyveba fsevdo-dionisec. am ukanasknelis mixedviT, si-
keTe (igulisxmeba pirvelmizezi, RmerTi) aris umaRlesi
sawyisi, romlisganac warmoiSva yovelive arsebuli. igi
aris yvela arsebulis safuZveli, `...da viTarca sityuani
werilTani ity¢an, saxiereba¡ (sikeTe, pirvelmizezi, – m. m.)
ars, romlisagan yoveli daibada da ars, viTarca mizezi-
sagan yovelTa momyvanebelisa~1. amasTan, yvela arsebuli
miiswrafvis misken, rogorc miznisaken. fsevdo-dionises-
Tan arsebulTa miswrafeba, gaerTianeba RmerTTan specifi-
kuri TaviseburebebiT xasiaTdeba, kerZod: azrobrivi ar-
sebebi RmerTTan erTiandeba Semecnebis unaris meSveobiT,
grZnobadi arsebebi – SegrZnebebis meSveobiT. is arsebebi,
romelTac grZno­ badoba ar gaaCniaT, RmerTisken miiswra-
fvis maTSi arsebuli sicocxlis aRmZvreli surviliT, ro-
melTac arc Semecnebis unari gaaCniaT, arc SegrZnebebi da
arc sicocxlisken miswrafeba. isini RmerTTan erTiande-
bian arsebobiT, ufro sworad, TviT maTi arsebobis faqti
niSnavs, rom isini ukve RvTaebrivni arian: `da romlisa mi-
marT yovelni miiqcevian, viTarca T¢sisa TiToeulisa maTi-
sa aRsasrulisa, da romlisa suris yovelTa: sacnauri ukue
da sity¢erTa – mecnierebiT, xolo grZnobadTa – grZnoba-
dobiT da unawiloTa grZnobisagan maT Soris danerguliTa
miT aRZvriTa cxovlobisa survilisaiTa, xolo ucxovloTa

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 33.

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144
da mxolod arsTa oden-mxolod arsebiTiTa oden simarj¢sa
mimRebelobiTa~.1
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom RmerTTan sinamdvilis miswra-
febisa da gaerTianebis amgvari suraTi Sua saukuneebis
religiur filosofiaSi gamonakliss warmoadgens. marTa-
lia, neoplatonizmSi aRiarebulia arsebaTa aucilebeli
miswrafeba RmerTisadmi, magram maTTan gadaulaxav siZ-
neled rCeba materialuri sinamdvilis kavSiri RmerTTan.
fsevdo-dionise ki garkveulad agvarebs am siZneles, roca
grZnobad da usulo sinamdviles RvTaebasTan dakavSirebu-
lad warmoadgens. sinamdvilis RmerTTan miswrafebis amgva-
ri suraTi, Cveni azriT, amzadebs safuZvels mistikuri
WvretisTvis. arsebaTa aq aRniSnuli miswrafeba RmerTisken
mistikis daSvebis gareSe gaugebari xdeba. Tuki mxedvelo-
baSi miviRebT im garemoebasac, rom adamiani sinamdvilis
nawilia, maSin cxadi gaxdeba, rom sinamdvilis aq aRniSnu-
li miswrafeba RmerTisadmi gulisxmobs adamianis miswra-
febasac. es miswrafeba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mistikuri
Wvretis meSveobiT, magram amisTvis saWiroa mosamzadebeli
safexuri, romelic gonebis aqtiurobas moiTxovs. aqedan
ukve gasagebia areopagituli misticizmis Teoriul-inte-
leqtualuri xasiaTi. aq Zneli aRaraa davinaxoT fsevdo-­
dionises msoflmxedvelobis siaxlove plotines filoso-
fiasTan.
rogorc aRvniSneT, plotines mixedviT, rodesac gvaqvs
miswrafeba pirvelmizezisken, maSin, pirvel rigSi, dabrune-
ba xdeba uSualo winmaval mizezSi da a. S. vidre pirvelmi-
zezamde. areopagituli moZRvrebis Tanaxmadac, jer xdeba
dabruneba uSualo mizezSi, romlisganac warmoSobilia esa
Tu is arseba.2
amasTan, es mkacri logikuri gza, romelic damaxasiaTe-
belia arsebaTa ukudabrunebisas, cxads xdis areopagituli

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 33.

1

iqve, gv. 84.

2

145
misticizmis Teoriul-inteleqtualur xasiaTs. es principi
fsevdo-dionises plotinesgan unda hqondes SeTvisebuli.
areopagituli misticizmis arsebis gasagebad didi
mniSvneloba aqvs apofatikuri (uaryofiTi) meTodiT miRe-
buli daskvnebis ganxilvas. areopagitikaSi mocemuli Rmer-
Tis uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba gveubneba, rom pirvelmizezis
gamoTqma, gonebiT gaazreba SeuZlebelia. misi gadmocema
SeiZleba ise, rogorc mocemulia `saRvTo werilSi~. is, rom
RmerTi, Seumecneblia, Cveni gonebisTvis miuwvdomelia,
gasagebia, magram iqneb aris arseba, romelsac misi codna
ZaluZs? aseTi arseba, fsevdo-dionises azriT, TviT pir-
velmizezia (RmerTi), mxolod mas SeuZlia hqondes codna
Tavis Tavis Sesaxeb1.
xilul sinamdvileSi arsebul arsebebs gaaCniaT idea-
luri sawyisebi. es ideebi maradiulia da dakavSirebulia
pirvel mizezebTan. magram maT Soris mainc gamoirCeva pir-
velmizezi – RmerTi, romelic, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, ar
gamoiTqmeba, arc moiazreba da a. S. `da yovelTa mogoneba-
Tagan mougonebel ars zeSTagonebisa igi erTi; da gamou-
Tqmel ars yovlisa sity¢sagan zeSTasity¢sa igi saxiereba¡...
sityva¡ gamouTqmeli, utyueba¡, mougonebloba¡...~.2 Rmer-
Tis, rogorc substanciis, srulyofilebazea laparaki aq.
es adgili Semdegi interpretaciis safuZvels iZleva: Rmer-
Ti, rogorc umaRlesi srulyofileba, imdenad aRemateba
misgan gamosul arsebebs, rom misi daxasiaTeba SeuZlebe-
lia, vinaidan TviT igia umaRlesi goneba, umaRlesi sityva
(`goneba mougonebeli~, `sityva¡ gamouTqmeli~). mxolod am
azriT xasiaTdeba RmerTi uaryofiTad, romelic agreTve,
pirvelmizezis dadebiT daxasiaTebasac Seicavs. amitom aq
da sxva msgavs SemTxvevaSi mocemuli RmerTis uaryofiTi
daxasiaTeba ver CaiTvleba RmerTis negaciad. aq ar unda
moxdes aRreva RmerTis absolutur negacias, romelsac

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 5-6.

1

iqve, gv. 6.
2

146
adgili aqvs areopagitikaSi, da uaryofiT daxasiaTebas So-
ris, rogorc codnis meTodTan.
areopagitul moZRvrebaSi uaryofiT meTods da Rmer-
Tis negacias Soris rom gansxvavebaa, amas adasturebs fse-
vdo-dionises is Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmadac, RmerTi
yvelganaa, yvelaferSi Seicnoba; amasTan, RmerTi arsad
araa, misi arc codna SeiZleba, arc gamoxatva mis Sesaxeb,
arc raimes Tqma SeiZleba. bolos ki fsevdo-dionise Tavis
am saintereso msjelobas amTavrebs winaaRmdegobiT savse
debulebiT. RmerTi yvelaferSia da araferSi, yvelaferSi
Seimecneba da amave dros, araferSi, `da yovelTa Soris yo-
vel ars da arca erTsa ras Soris arara¡~1. aq eWvgareSea,
rom fsevdo-dionise areopagelis gansjis obieqtia RmerTi,
rogorc filosofiuri substancia, rogorc srulyofile-
bis umaRlesi forma. am SemTxvevaSi RmerTi rogorc umaR-
lesi srulyofileba, yvela arsebis mizezi da safuZvelia.
yvela arsebaSi aris RvTaebrivi kvali. amitomac SegviZlia
vTqvaT, rom RmerTi yvelaferSia da igi yvelaferSi Seic-
noba.
amasTan, RmerTi, rogorc umaRlesi srulyofileba, ver
gamovlindeba arasrulyofilebaSi, amitomac mis Sesaxeb
Cven unda vTqvaT, rom igi arsad da araferSi ar Seicno-
ba. es ki aris RmerTis uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba. magram, es
uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba, ar aris RmerTis is negacia, ro-
melic sabolood negatiuri Teologiis saxes miiRebs. aq
Cven saqme gvaqvs RmerTis uaryofiT daxasiaTebasTan, ro-
gorc codnis meTodTan, ufro sworad, codnis dadebiTi
meTodis sapirispiro uaryofiT meTodTan. amas adasturebs
RmerTis Semdegnairi daxasiaTeba areopagitul moZRvreba-
Si: RmerTi samyaroSia, samyaros gareTaa, umaRlesi arsebaa,
mzea, varskvlavia, cecxlia, haeria, Rrubelia, kldea, lo-
dia, yovelive amaTgania da arc erTi amaTgani. RmerTis Se-
saxeb ityvian, rom igi aris `sofelsa Sinad, soflisa gared,

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 72.

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147
soflisa zemTad, zeSTacaTad, zeSTaarsebisad, mzed, var-
skulavad, cecxlad, wylad, qarad, cuarad, Rrublad, lo-
dad da klded, yovlad-yovlad da arca erTad maT yovel-
Taganad1. aq yuradReba unda mieqces imas, rom, Tuki erT
SemTxvevaSi RmerTs yvela arsebis saxeli miewereba, amave
dros iqve, imave ZaliT uariyofa (Camoscildeba) es saxeli.
RmerTis es uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba, romelic uSualod mo-
hyveba dadebiTs, sxva araferia, Tu ara codnis meTodi. am
mosazrebis dasadastureblad areopagituli moZRvrebidan
mravali adgilis damowmeba SeiZleba.
Cven mier zemoaRniSnuli srulebiTac ar niSnavs imas,
rom areopagitul moZRvrebaSi adgili ara aqvs negatiur
Teologias, romlis safuZvelzedac Sendeba areopagituli
misticizmi. fsevdo-dionise, roca erTmaneTisgan mijna-
vs filosofiasa da RvTismetyvelebas, naTlad miuTiTebs
mistikur gzaze, romelic RmerTis wvdomis saSualebaa da
romelic am wvdomas amkvidrebs codnaze gverdis avliT.
areopagituli Tvalsazrisis gadasvla mistikaze iqidanac
Cans, rom, Tuki ZiriTadad ufro filosofiur TxzulebaSi
(`saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~) da agreTve, mistikur Teologia-
Si erTmaneTs ar upirispirebs dadebiT da uaryofiT meTo-
debs, `zeciur ierarqiaSi~ uSualod miuTiTebs dadebiTi
meTodis naklovanebaze da upiratesobas aniWebs RmerTis
uaryofiT daxasiaTebas da eWvs gamoTqvams dadebiTi meTo-
dis Sesaxeb. yovelgvari aRniSvna da codna RmerTis Sesaxeb
mcdaria, `da yoveli sityva¡ Ada goneba¡ Tana Seutyueblad
daklebul arian msgavsebisagan misisa~2.
areopagitikis mixedviT, RvTaebrivi saidumloebis Se-
saxeb ufro mets gveubneba is gansazRvrebebi, romlebic
mas uaryofiTad axasiaTebs, vinaidan RvTaebis mimarT uke-
Tesia vTqvaT, rac igi ar aris. `...raJams SeusazRvrebel da
ganuzomel da dautevnel uwodden mas, romelTagan ara ra¡

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 12.

1

iqve, `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~. gv. 106.

2

148
igi ars, aramed ra¡ igi ara ars, esoden moeswa¢ebis, romeli
ese usakuTres mgonies misT¢s~1.
fsevdo-dionises es varaudi RmerTis uaryofiT da-
xasiaTebaze Semdgom kategoriul saxes iRebs. avtoris
azriT, katafatika ar gamodgeba RmerTis daxasiaTebisTvis;
mxolod uaryofis gzaa WeSmariti da RmerTis bunebis gad-
momcemi, `xolo ukuTqumani uWeSmarites arian saRmrToTa
zeda~2. fsevdo-dionises mier RmerTis uaryofiT daxasia-
Tebis upiratesobis miniWeba areopagituli misticizmis
dasawyisia. swored am debulebiT iwyeba areopagitika-
Si misticizmze gadasvla. RmerTis imgvari daxasiaTebebi,
romlebSic dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTodebi erTmaneTs ar
ewinaaRmdegeba, ganekuTvneba filosofiis sferos. rodesac
avtori ityvis, rom dadebiTi meTodi, ese igi, RmerTze ar-
sebaTa saxelebis miwera ar Seesabameba mis bunebas da saWi-
roa arsebaTa saxelebis Camocileba (negacia), cxadi xdeba,
rom amiT areopagitul moZRvrebaSi gza exsneba misticizms.
negaciaze upiratesobis miniWebiT fsevdo-dionise gzas
uxsnis RmerTis absoluturad uaryofiT daxasiaTebas (ne-
gatiuri Teologia), romelic ukve gamoricxavs yovelgvar
dadebiT daxasiaTebas.
fsevdo-dionise areopageli iZleva RmerTis absolu-
turad uaryofiT daxasiaTebas. pirvelmizezis arc codna
SeiZleba, arc gamoxatva, mis Sesaxeb Cven araferi viciT,
masze mxolod uaryofiTi predikatebis miwera SeiZleba.
pirvelmizezi arc saxea, arc xati, arc ixileba sadme, arc
adgili gaaCnia, arc grZnobadi raime gaaCnia, rom SevexoT,
arc naklovanebas Seicavs da a. S.3
momdevno TavSi ufro naTlad da mkveTradaa gadmo-
cemuli negatiuri Teologiis safuZvlebi. fsevdo-dioni-
se pirvelmizezidan, RmerTidan gamoricxavs sapirispiro

1
areopagitika. `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~. gv. 106.
2
iqve.
3
iqve, gv. 228.

149
niSnebsac (mag., sidide-simcire); umaRlesi pirvelsawyisi
arc sulia, arc goneba, arc ocneba, arc neba, arc gamo-
xatva SeiZleba misi da arc codna, igi arc ricxvia, arc
sidide, arc simcire, arc msgavseba da arc umsgavsoba, arc
dgas, arc iZvris; mas arc Zala gaaCnia da arc arseba, arc
droSia, arc WeSmaritebaa, arc sibrZne, arc Zeoba da arc
mamoba, igi araferia imgvari, rasac Cven vicnobT; igi arc
sibnelea da arc sinaTle da a. S. amgvarad, aq gadmocemu-
lia areopagituli misticizmis arsi. Tuki aq aRniSnuls
SevadarebT RmerTis im uaryofiT daxasiaTebas, romelze-
dac cota zemoT gvqonda saubari, kargad Cans RmerTis aq
mocemul negaciasa da apofatikas, rogorc codnis meTods
Soris gansxvaveba. n. berdiaevis mosazreba, romlis Tanaxma-
dac, erTis plotiniseulma negaciam kolosaluri gavlena
moaxdina qristianul metafizikazeo, gamarTlebas poulo-
bs areopagitikis magaliTzec. amis Sesaxeb TviT berdiaevic
miuTiTebs. Cveni mxriv davamatebT, rom mxolod RmerTis
axla ganxiluli negacia momdinareobs plotines filoso-
fiidan. swored amis Sesaxeb miuTiTebs germaneli mkvleva-
ri k. kremeri1.
fsevdo-dionise areopageli traqtatSi – `saidumlod
RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~ aRniSnavs, rom Cveni msjelobani
pirvelmizezis Sesaxeb arc arafers matebs da arc arafers
aklebs mis namdvil bunebas, vinaidan igi yovelgvar mate-
basa da klebaze maRla mdgomia, `aramed Semdgomad missaRa
vhyofT matebasa da moklebas da mas Tavadsa arc ras vhma-
tebT arca ras movaklebT. vina¡Tgan zeSTa yovelTa mateba-
Ta ars yovliT kerZo¡ erTobiTi mizezi yovelTa¡ da zeSTa
yovelTa moklebaTa martivad zeSTagardafenili yovelTa¡
da mier kerZo¡ yovelTa¡~2. erT momentsac unda mieqces
aq yuradReba: ganxiluli traqtatis dasawyisSi fsevdo-

1
K. Kremer. Die neoplatonische Seinsphilosophie und ihre Wirkung auf Thomas
von Aquin. Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1966, gv. 282.
2
areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 229.

150
dionise laparakobs dadebiTsa da uaryofiT meTodebze,
romlebic Taviseburad ganmartaven RmerTs. marTalia, es
meTodebi verafers gveubnebian RmerTis WeSmariti bune-
bis Sesaxeb, magram maT garkveul sferoSi, kerZod, codnis
sferoSi, Zala aqvT. imave traqtatis boloSi ki, rogorc
vnaxeT, codnis meTodebs warTmeuli aqvT yovelgvari da-
niSnuleba, rac imis maCvenebelia, rom areopagitul moZR-
vrebaSi misticizms gza xsnili aqvs.
areopagituli moZRvrebis avtori pasuxs iZleva Semdeg
kiTxvaze: – pirvelmizezis absoluturad uaryofiTi daxa-
siaTeba mis naklovanebaze xom ar miuTiTebs? es uaryofiTi
daxasiaTeba rom mis naklovanebaze miuTiTebdes, maSin yo-
velgvari azri daekargeboda negatiuri Teologiis mniSvne-
lobas. fsevdo-dionises azriT, es absoluturad uaryofi-
Ti daxasiaTeba swored pirvelmizezis srulyofil bunebas
aCvenebs. Cven rodesac pirvelmizezs, rogorc gonebis ara-
mqones vuwodebT, es srulebiT ar niSnavs, rom igi naklova-
nia. piriqiT, amas swored imis gamo vambobT, rom vaCvenoT
misi zeaRmatebuleba. es imis msgavsia, rodesac umaRles
srulyofilebas vuwodebT usasrulos, `rameTu ugonebo¡
da ugrZnobeloba¡ ara moklebiTad, aramed zeSTaaRmatebi-
Tad iTqumoden RmrTisaT¢s, viTar-igi usityuobasa vuty¢T
SezTasityuaobisaT¢s da usasrulobasa zeSTasrulisaT¢s..~1.
rogorc aRniSnulidan irkveva, fsevdo-dionise iZle-
va pirvelmizezis – RmerTis��������������������������
���������������������������������
absolutur negacias. abso-
luturad uaryofiTad daxasiaTebuli pirvelmizezi aris
srulyofilebis umaRlesi forma, romlis wvdomac mxolod
mistikaSia SesaZlebeli.
areopagituli misticizmis Teoriul-inteleqtualuri
xasiaTi unda Semowmdes mistikuri Wvretis procesis aR­
werisas. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, `zeciur ierarqiaSi~ fsev-
do-dionise RmerTis dadebiT daxasiaTebasTan SedarebiT
uaryofiTs��������������������������������������������
ara mxolod upiratesobas aniWebs, aramed ab-

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 70.

1

151
solutur principadac acxadebs1. fsevdo-dionise exeba
gonebis gaerTianebas RmerTTan. rogor da ra gziT xdeba
gonebis gaerTianeba RmerTTan? fsevdo-dionises azriT,
gonebis Sesvla (gaerTianeba pirvelmizezTan) SeiZleba
mxo­lod `umsgavsoebis~ meSveobiT. `xolo romel CvenTaca
ufro¡s aRiyvaneben gamoCinebani igi umsgavsoebaTani~2. aq
mocemul `umsgavsoebaSi~ igulisxmeba RmerTze miwerili
misTvis Seusabamo predikatebi. amrigad, rogorc vxedav,
fsevdo-dionise RmerTTan gaerTianebis erTaderT gzad
miiCnevs pirvelmizezis negacias.
aq plotines filosofiasTan siaxlove eWvgareSea.
plotinec xom cxadad miuTiTebs, rom pirvelmizezTan
WeSmariti miaxloebis gza aris masSi im niSan-Tvisebis
gamoricxva, rac mas ar ekuTvnis3. rac Seexeba a. brilian-
tovis mosazrebas areopagituli misticizmis Teoriul-in-
teleqtualuri xasiaTis Sesaxeb, vfiqrobT, aq ganxiluli
debuleba areopa­ gituli moZRvrebidan amis naTeli da-
dasturebaa, vinaidan RmerTis wvdomis gzad miCneulia pir-
velmizezis abstraqcia. amasve adasturebs fsevdo-dionis-
es erTi mosazreba, romelic gamoTqmuli aqvs `saRmrToTa
saxelTaT¢s~-Si. goneba miiswrafvis pirvelmizezisaken. ma-
gram es miswrafeba SesaZlebelia da ganxorcieldeba maSin,
roca goneba moaxerxebs yovelgvari arsebulis Camocile-
bas, rac������������������������������������������������
���������������������������������������������������
masTanaa dakavSirebuli. mxolod maSinaa SesaZle-
beli es gaerTianeba, `�����������������������������������
d����������������������������������
a ars kualad saRmrTo¡ igi mecnier-
eba¡ RmrTi­sa¡ ucnaurebisa mier cnobili zeSTagonebisa¡Ta
SeerTebiTa, raJams goneba¡ yovelTa arsTagan ganeSoros
da amissa Semdgomad Tavica T¢si dauteos da SeerTos
zeSTabrwyinvaleTa maT SaravandedTa~4. fsevdo-dionises
es Tvalsazrisi mis moZRvrebaSi arsebuli misticizmis

1
areopagitika. `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~. gv. 106.
2
iqve.
3
plotine. V eneada, me-3 wigni, $14.
4
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 72.

152
filosofiuri bunebis naTeli dadasturebaa, kerZod,
qristologiuri moZRvrebis SigniT, roca saubari exeba
RmerTTan gaerTianebas, laparakia ara asketizmze, aramed
abstraqciebze. amasTan, es abstraqciebi mkacr logikur
CarCoebSia moqceuli. jer arsebulebis CamoSoreba, Semdeg
TavisTvis ganyeneba da mxolod amis Semdegaa SesaZlebeli
pirvelmizezTan gaerTianeba.
aqamde Cven ZiriTadad vexebodiT sinamdvilis arse-
b�������������������������������������������������������
eb�����������������������������������������������������
is pirvelmizezisadmi miswrafebas, sinamdvilisa da pi-
rvelmizezis erTianobis sakiTxs. adamiani sinamdvilis
nawilia da, bunebrivia, rom sinamdvilis miswrafeba pirv-
elmizezis�����������������������������������������������
ken��������������������������������������������
TavisTavad gulisxmobs adamianis miswrafeba-
sac. metic, roca msjeloba exeba pirvelmizezis mistikur
Wvretas, sabolood amis unari mxolod adamians gaaCnia.
pirvelmizezis xilva mistikur WvretaSi mxolod adamians
SeuZlia. ra pirobaa saWiro, rom amgvari xilva ganxor­
cieldes�����������������������������������������������
? fsevdo-dionises azri�������������������������
T������������������������
, RvTaebrivi saidumloeb-
is wvdomisTvis saWiroa Tavis Tavis ganyeneba. mxolod amis
Semdeg vixilavT mas. es ase������������������������������
c�����������������������������
unda gavakeToT, vinaidan um-
jobesia RvTaebrivad yofna, vidre adamianad: `amiT ukue
ese-viTariTa saxiTa gulis£ma-iyofeboded ���������������
saRmrToni������
said-
umloni ara CuenbrobiT, aramed raJams yovelni Tavni T¢sni
yovelTave T¢sagan ganvaSorneT da yovliTurT RmrTisad
viqmnneT, rameTu umjobes ars RmrTisad da ara TavTa
T¢sTad yofa¡~1.
pirvelmizezis mi������������������������������������
sa����������������������������������
Rwe�������������������������������
vad����������������������������
grZnobadTan araviTari kavS-
iri ar unda gvqondes. mxolod am gziT SeiZleba mistikuri
WvretisTvis gzis gaxsna: `...yovlisave nivTierisa vnebisagan
ganwmedilni sacnaurad da univTod erT-saxeobiT scnoben
sacnaurebasa saRmrToTa saidumloTasa~2. es debuleba me-
ore mxrivacaa saintereso. grZnobadobisagan ganwmendili

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 69.

1

iqve.
2

153
arseba individualurad swvdeba pirvelmizezis saidumloe-
bas.
fsevdo-dionise areopagelis azriT, grZnobadi arse-
bebisgan ganwmendili arseba aRwevs RmerTs da erTiandeba
masTan. am gzaze adamiani Camoicilebs ra yvela imas, rac
xels uSlis misti���������������������������������������
k��������������������������������������
ur Wvret������������������������������
as����������������������������
, anu, rogorc plot����������
i���������
n��������
e�������
aRniS-
navda, rac `miwisken ezideba~ da amis Semdeg dainaxavs sico-
cxlis wyaros, romelic aris TviTmoZravi, martivi, TviT-
moqmedi, Tavisi Tavis maradiuli mxedveli: `jer ars ukue
TaviT T¢siT ganZurca¡ maTi SiSulad da wmidad saxilvel
qmniTa; rameTu esreT mxedvelni msaxur viqmnneT wyarosa
cxorebisasa. erTsa rasme Zalsa, martivsa, T¢TmoZravsa,
T¢Tmoqmedsa... maradis Tavisa mier T¢sisa mxedvelsa Tavisa
T¢sisasa~1.
sainteresoa areopagitikis avtoris azri RmerTTan
`misvlis~ Sesaxeb. RmerTTan gaerTianeba ise ki ar unda
gavigoT, rom is mogvyavs CvenTan, aramed, piriqiT, Tvi-
Ton RmerTis meSveobiT mivdivarT masTan. `garna ara mas
STamovizidavT, romeli zeca ars da queca, aramed mis
mier aRviyvanebiT umaRlesTa maT mimarT mraval-naTelTa
SaravandedTa brwyinvalebisa~2. aRniSnulis ukeT gasagebad
magaliTicaa moyvanili. ise, rogorc Cven – navze msxdomni
– kldeze mibmuli sabelis meSveobiT miviwevT kldisken,
asea RmerTTan gaerTianebac. fsevdo-dionises es mosaz-
reba sxva mxrivacaa saintereso. rogorc ukve aRiniSna,
plotines azriT, RmerTi CvenSia, amitomac yvela Cvengans
SeuZlia misi miRweva.3 fsevdo-dionise areopagelis mixed-
viT ki Cven viswrafviT da mivdivarT RmerTTan. vfiqrobT,
rom am SemTxvevaSi fsevdo-dionise areopagelis Tvalsaz-
risi ufro religiurisken ixreba. plotinesTan adamianSi
RmerTis daSveba sxva araferia, Tu ara adamianisadmi ndo-

1
areopagitika. epistole – `tites mimarT~. gv. 250.
2
iqve, `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 26.
3
plotine. VI eneada, me-9 wigni, $7.

154
bis gamocxadeba, rac Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi udavod
progresuli movlena iyo. am puqtSi plotinesa da fsevdo-
dionise areopagelis moZRvreba erTmaneTisgan gansxvavde-
ba da amis mizezi unda iyos areopagitul moZRvrebaSi ar-
sebuli religiuri nakadi.
Cven didi yuradReba davuTmeT areopagitul moZRvre-
baSi arsebuli misticizmis filosofiur xasiaTs. mravali
magaliTi moviyvaneT imis dasadastureblad, rom fsevdo-
dionise areopagelTan, iseve rogorc plotines filosofi-
aSi, RmerTis mistikuri WvretisTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs
mis uaryofiT daxasiaTebas. amasTan, RmerTamde amaRlebi-
sTvis saWiroa yvela xelis SemSleli arsebebis Camocileba,
romlebic `miwisken gvezideba~.
unda aRiniSnos isic, rom areopagituli misticizmi
araa Tavisufali wminda religiuri momentebisgan. aRniSnu-
lis dadasturebaa areopagitikaSi ganxiluli ganwmendisa
da locvis roli pirvelmizezis (RmerTis) wvdomisTvis.
areopagituli moZRvrebis Tanaxmad, ganwmenda aris
saSu­ aleba RmerTis wvdomisTvis. magaliTad, mose winas-
warmetyvelma ganwmendis Semdeg SeZlo RvTaebrivi sai-
dumloebebis xilva: `rameTu araTu litonad ebrZeba
sak¢rvelsa moses, ra¡Ta pirvelad T¢T ganwmdes... da Sem-
dgomad yovlisave ganwmedisa esmas mraval. £moba¡ igi
say¢rTa¡ da ixilna naTelni mravalni...~1 am mxriv gansa-
kuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs fsevdo-dionises mosaz-
rebani, romlebic gamoTqmulia `zeciur ierarqiaSi~, sadac
fsevdo�����������������������������������������������
-����������������������������������������������
dionise���������������������������������������
exeba sasuliero mmarTvelobas (`mRdelT-
mTavroba¡~), laparakobs maTi daniSnulebis Sesaxeb da a. S.
TiToeuli sasuliero mmarTveloba avtors miaCnia RmerT-
Tan damsgavseba, gaerTianeba. `rameTu TiToeulisa mRdelT-
mTavrobisa wil-xudomilTa sruleba ars Zalisaebr T¢sisa

areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224-

1

225.

155
aRslva¡ msgavsebisa mimarT RmrTisa~1. amasTan, sasuliero
mmarTvelobis wesis Tanaxmad, zogierTi unda ganiwmindos
da zogierTi ganwmendili unda iyos, zogierTma naTeli
unda miiRos, xolo zogierTi `srul-myofelad~ darCes. yo-
velive eseni (ganwmenda, naTelReba, srulyofa) aris RmerT-
Tan Sesabamisoba. faqtobrivad aq avtors is aqvs naTqvami,
rom ganwmenda, naTelReba, srulyofa aris RmerTis wvdo­
misTvis aucileblad gasavleli safexurebi.
areopagitul moZRvrebaSi aseve didi roli eniWeba
locvas, romelic gamocxadebulia RmerTTan misvlis saSu­
alebad. fsevdo-dionises azriT, Cven locvis meSveobiT Se-
vamzadebT Cven Tavs pirvelmizezTan misasvlelad, `...raJams
vxadoT mas locviTa yovlad ubiwo¡Ta da SeumrRuevelo-
biTa gonebisa¡Ta da ganmzadebiTa Tavisa¡Ta marjue yofad
SeerTebisa mimarT RmrTisa~2. locviT miiRweva namdvili
zeSTaarseba, yovlad srulyofileba, radganac mxolod
locvaSia namdvili xilva pirvelmizezisa. aqac naTlad
Cans, rom fsevdo-dionise areopagelis misticizmisTvis
rogorc ganwmendis, ise locvis funqcia, religiuri daniS-
nulebisaa.
sayuradReboa is garemoeba, rom pirvelmizezis wvdomi-
saTvis ganwmendasa da locvas did mniSvnelobas aniWebs
plotinec3. magram plotinesTan ganwmendisa da locvis
win aRniSnulia abstraqciis, analogiisa da negaciis roli
RmerTis wvdomisTvis. rogorc ukve vnaxeT, fsevdo-dioni­
sesTanac RmerTis negacia misi wvdomisTvis aucilebelia,
magram es negacia da locva erTad ki araa ganxiluli,
rogorc plotinesTan, aramed sxvadasxva adgilas. es imis
maCvenebelia, rom, rodesac fsevdo-dionise areopageli
exeba locvis daniSnulebas (gansakuTrebiT `zeciuri ier-

1
areopagitika. `zecaTa mRdelT-mTav­ro­bisaT¢s~. gv. 111.
2
iqve, `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 25.
3
plotine. VI eneada, me-7 wigni, $36.

156
arqiaSi~), ueWvelia, rom aq RmerTis wvdomis religiuri
gageba igulisxmeba.
Cven SevecadeT gveCvenebina, rom areopagituli mis-
ticizmis erT-erTi ZiriTadi wyaroa plotines filoso-
fia, ufro sworad, plotines misticizmi. areopagituli
misticizmi, rogorc vnaxeT, `Teoriul-inteleqtualur~
xasiaTTan erTad Seicavs religiur niSnebsac. ramdena-
dac Cveni yuradReba gadatanili iyo areopagituli misti-
cizmis filosofiur bunebaze, amdenad, SevexeT plotines
filosofias, rac srulebiTac ar gamoricxavs areopagit-
uli misticizmis sxva kuTxiT ganxilvas. kerZod, areop-
agitul misticizmSi religiuri nakadis Cvenebas. am SemTx-
vevaSi, mkvlevari gverds ver auvlis origenes, avgustines,
eklesiis mamebisa (basili didis, grigol nazianzelisa da
grigol noselis) da sxvaTa Sromebis ganxilvas da maTTan
areopagituli moZRvrebis mimarTebis garkvevas.
konkretulad raSi mJRavndeba am ori moazrovnis Tval-
sazrisTa naTesaoba? rogorc plotinesTvis, ise fsevdo-
dionise����������������������������������������������
areopagelisTvis, pirvelmizezis saboloo Semec-
neba filosofiuri meTodebis safuZvelze SeuZlebelia.
filosofia naklovania RmerTis saboloo wvdomisTvis. yo-
velive amis gamo RmerTis saboloo wvdomisTvis daSvebulia
mistikuri Wvreta. rogorc plotines, ise fsevdo-dionise
areopagelis misticizmi emyareba negatiur Teologias.
Tumca areopagitul moZRvrebaSi RmerTis uaryofiTi daxa-
siaTeba (apofatika), rogorc codnis meTodi, unda ganvasx-
vaoT RmerTis absoluturi negaciisgan. pirvel SemTxvevaSi
RmerTis uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba – dadebiT daxasiaTebasTan
erTad – codnis meTodia. meore SemTxvevaSi ki, saqme gvaqvs
negatiuri Teologiis safuZvlebTan, romelsac sabolood
emyareba areopagituli misticizmi.
plotines filosofiaSi RmerTTan gaerTianebisTvis
saWiroa abstraqcia, analogia, negacia, ganwmenda, locva.
areopagitikaSic aRiarebulia, rom negacia da locva au-

157
cilebelia RmerTis wvdomisTvis. negaciis aRiareba aris
rogorc plotines (p. blonski), ise fsevdi-dionise are-
opagelis (a. briliantovi) misticizmis Teoriul-inte­
leqtualuri xasiaTis maCvenebeli. amasTan, fsevdo-dioni­
ses misticizmi ar Semoifargleba mxolod filosofiuri
tendenciiT. kerZod, mis moZRvrebaSi aRwerili ganwmendisa
da locvis procesi ufro religiisken ixreba.
plotin��������������������������������������������
es������������������������������������������
a da fsevdo-dionise areopagelTan araa mow-
odebuli asketizmi, romlis Sesaxebac aRniSnavdnen a. bril-
iantovi, b. blonski. da k. hase. rogorc vxedavT, am sakiTx-
Sic Cans am ori moazrovnis msoflmxedvelobaTa siaxlove.

§ 3. prokles filosofia da areopagitika

1. winaswari SeniSvnebi
SesavalSi aRniSnuli iyo prokles filosofiasTan
fsevdo-dionise areopagelis msoflmxedvelobis mimarTeb-
is garkvevis mniSvnelobaze. am mimarTebaze sayuradRebo
azrs gamoTqvams Tavis droisTvis cnobili rusi mecnieri i.
po­­­­po­vi, romelic specialurad ikvlevda RvTismetyvelebis
sa­kiTxebs, Teologiisa da filosofiis urTierTmimarTebas
da sxv.
i. popovs safuZvlianad aqvs garCeuli areopagituli
Txzulebebis gviandeli warmoSobis Sinagani da garegani
niSnebi. i. popovis azriT, Zveli drois qristianuli lit-
eraturuli Sromebi Tavisufalia yovelgvari filosofi-
uri gavlenisgan da maTi Sinaarsi bibliuria. areopagi-
tikisTvis ki damaxasiaTebelia mkacri filosofiuroba. i.
po­­ povi SeniSnavs agreTve, rom bolo wlebis (igulisxmeba
XIX saukunis 90-iani wlebi, kerZod ki, h. koxisa da i. Stigl-
mairis gamokvlevebi) detalurma mecnierulma analizma
aCvena prokles filosofiisgan areopagitikis damokide-
buleba1. aqve���������������������������������������
unda aRiniSnos, rom prokles filosofia-

Православная богословская энциклопедия. Петроград, 1903, т. IV, gv.

1

1078-1079.
158
sTan da areopagituli moZRvrebis mimarTebis garkvevam
mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula areopagituli Txzulebebis
daweris drois dadgenaSi.
prokles filosofiasTan areopagitikis mimarTebis
ganxilvisas mizanSewonilad migvaCnia plotines filoso-
fiasTan prokles msoflmxedvelobis mimarTebis garkveva
da gaTvaliswineba.
hegelis azriT, prokles Tvalsazrisi erTis TviTganvi-
Tarebis Sesaxeb gansxvavdeba plotines azrisgan1. hegelis
azriT, platonis `parmenideSi~ mocemuli negacia prok-
les filosofiaSi pozitiur rols asrulebs2. aseve mniS-
vnelovania hegelis mosazreba erTis Tavis Tavidan gas-
vlaze prokles filosofiaSi, kerZod, erTis gasvla Tavis
Tavidan xdeba potenciis siWarbis gamo3.
hegelis azriT, aRniSnuli proklesTan aristoteli-
seulia. hegelis es mosazreba marTebuli ar unda iyos,
vinaidan prokles uSualo winamorbedi aris plotine,
romelTanac erTis Tavis Tavidan gasvlisa da arsebaTa
warmoSobis safuZvelia srulyofilebis siWarbe4. hegeli
miuTiTebs plotinesa da prokles TvalsazrisTa Soris
arsebul arsebiT gansxvavebaze. is, rac uSualod erTidan
momdinareobs, plotinesTan iwodeba gonebad, proklesTan
ara. prokle gansxvavdeba plotinesgan imiTac, rom igi arss
abstraqtul momentad ki ar aqcevs, aramed erTianad, prok-
le erTs gansazRvravs ara rogorc arss, aramed erTians5.
hegelis aRniSvniT, triaduli principi, romelic saerTo

1
Hegel. Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Philosophie. Leipzig, 1971, Bd. 2,
gv. 571.
2
iqve, gv. 527-528.
3
iqve, gv. 529.
4
plotine. V eneada, me-4 wigni, $1.
5
Hegel. dasax. naSr., gv. 531-532.

159
iyo neoplatonuri filosofiisTvis, proklesTan gansa-
kuTrebiT daxvewili gaxda1.
antikuri filosofiis istoriis cnobili mkvlevris
hainrix riteris azriT, prokle gatacebulia platoniT
da es gataceba imdenad Sors midis, rom igi upirispird-
eba plotines2. riteris Tanaxmad, erTisa da sikeTis dakav-
Sireba prokles filosofiaSi plotinedan momdinareobs3.
amasTan, proklesTan RvTaebrivi wesrigi danawevrebulia
sxvadasxva RvTaebaSi, maSin rodesac plotinesTan erTi
(RmerTi) upirispirdeba gonebisa da ideebis simravles.
proklesTan goneba suls upirispirdeba, plotinesTan ki
suli gonebaSi Sedis4.
antikuri filosofiis cnobili mkvlevris eduard cel-
eris azriT, prokles Tvalsazrisi faqtobrivad aris ukve
arsebuli moZRvrebis gadamuSaveba (igulisxmeba plotines
filosofiuri sistema, – m. m.). prokles msoflmxedvelo-
ba aris berZnuli filosofiis ara mxolod dasruleba,
agreTve damakavSirebeli rgoli – berZnuli filosofi-
is Sua saukuneebis mecnierebaSi gadasvlis maCvenebeli,
romelic fsevdo-dionise areopagelis, ioane damaskelisa
da kidev sxva berZeni Teologebis mecadineobiT bolomde
iqna miyvanili5.

1
Hegel. dasax. naSr., gv. 530-531. aqve SevniSnavT, rom prokles
filosofiaSi mocemuli triaduli principi da masTan da­kav­
Sirebuli yvela SesaZlebeli alternativa Rrmad da sa­fuZv­
lianad aqvs gaanalizebuli ioane petriws. ix. ioane petriwi.
ganmarteba¡ proklesT¢s diadoxosisa da platonurisa fi­
lo­ sofiisT¢s. Sromebi. Tb., 1937, II t. $$ 25-35; amis Sesaxeb
dawvrilebiT ix. m. maxaraZe. mizezobriobis sakiTxi ioane
petriwis filosofiaSi. `macne~, filosofiis .... seria, 1976, #1,
gv. 54-58.
2
H. Ritter. Geschichte der christlichen Philosophie. Hamburg, 1834, Th. IV , gv. 662.
3
iqve, gv. 666.
4
iqve, gv. 674.
5
E. Zeller. Die Philosophie der Griechen in ihrer geschichtlichen Entwicklung.
Leipzig, 1881., Th.3, Abt. 2. gv. 787.
160
 prokles filosofiis mTavari azri – yvelafris er-
Tisadmi daqvemdebareba (dakavSireba), erTidan simravlis
gamomdinareoba da isev erTisadmi mimarTva, celeris az-
riT, ukve mocemuli iyo plotines filosofiaSi. amasTan,
prokles filosofia gamoirCeva TaviseburebebiT, rac mas
ganasxvavebs winmavali filosofiuri sistemebisgan. yo-
vel simravles, – ambobs prokle, – aqvs wili erTianoba-
Si. aqedan gamomdinare, yvelas (e. i. arsebuls) winamavlad
aqvs erTiani (erTi). yoveli erTianoba (erTi), amasTan, war-
moSobs simravles. es warmoSoba aris ara dayofadobisa da
gardaqmnis safuZvelze, aramed winamavlis (pirvelmizezis,
– m. m.) srulyofilebis gamo. celeris aq motanili mosaz-
reba pirvel rigSi imiTaa sayuradRebo, rom masSi naTlad
Cans prokles filosofiaSi arsebuli plotiniseuli princ-
ipebi.
celeris azriT, proklem Tavis triadul sistemas plo-
tines mosazreba daudo safuZvlad1. celers mohyavs prok-
les azri pirvelmizezze. Cven mis mimarT SegviZlia vico-
deT ara is, Tu ra aris is, aramed ra ar aris2.
msgavs viTarebas vxdebiT areopagitikaSic. fsevdo-di-
onise zeciur ierarqiaSi aRniSnavs, rom RvTaebrivi WeSmar-
iteba, misi kanonzomiereba, zeSTaaRmatebulia yovelgvar
arsebasa da cxovrebaze. mis Sesaxeb arsebuli yovelgvari
azri ar Seesabameba mas da naklovania. mis Sesaxeb ufro
imis Tqma SeiZleba, ra ar aris igi, vidre ra aris: `xolo
odesme umsgavsoebiTaca saCinoebiTa maTve sityuaTa mier
zeSTa soflisad igalobebis, raJams SeusazRvrebel da
ganuzomel da dautevnel uwodden mas, romelTagan ara ra¡
igi ars, aramed ra¡ igi ara ars, esoden moeswavebis, romeli
ese usakuTres mgonies misT¢s~3.

1
E. Zeller. dasax. naSr., gv. 751.
2
iqve, gv. 792. e. celeri aq imowmebs prokles komentarebs
platonis `parmenideze~.
3
areopagitika. `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~. gv. 106.

161
 celeris aRniSvniT, yvela adreuli neoplatonikosis
mixedviT, simravle uSualod erTidan momdinareobs, mxo­
lod iambliqem daayena maT Soris meore sawyisi. prokle
ufro Sors wavida, romlis mixedviTac, erTi warmoSobs
mis analogiur simravles. SeiZleba agreTve, erTma zegr-
Znobadi ricxvi warmoqmnas1.
proklesa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis mimarTebaze
arsebul gamokvlevaTa Soris aRsaniSnavia germaneli mec-
nierebis i. Stiglmairisa da h. koxis Sromebi.
i. Stiglmairis mosazrebis Tanaxmad, fsevdo-dionise
areopageli Tavis moZRvrebas sikeTeze mTlianad iRebs
proklesgan, oRond im gansxvavebiT, rom igi qristianul
`samoselSia~ gaxveuli2.
i. Stiglmairi Tavis gamokvlevaSi ZiriTadad aeropagi-
tikisa da prokles filosofiis mimarTebas exeba, Tumca
arc plotinesTan areopagitikis mimarTebas gamoricxavs3.
avtoris azriT, proklesa da fsevdo-dionise areopage-
lis msgavseba SemdegSi mdgomareobs: argumentebis Camoya-
libeba, gamoxatulebebis, Sedarebebisa da filosofiuri
terminebis moxmareba. `dionises Txzuleba ufro nakleb
srulyofilia proklesTan SedarebiT, igi ise mihyveba
proklesas, rom aris misi naklovani recefcia~ (es azri sxva
avtors ekuTvnis da motanilia Stiglmairis gamokvlevaSi
avtoris dausaxeleblad). amis Semdeg avtori iRebs msgavs
adgilebs prokles filosofiidan da areopagitikidan, ris

1
E. Zeller. dasax. naSr., gv. 793.
2
i. Stiglmairis es mosazreba TavisTavad Zalze saintereso
da sayuradReboa. Tumca, aq dakonkreteba mainc saWiroa,
kerZod: Tuki proklesTan sikeTeze moZRvreba mkacr logikur
CarCoebSia moqceuli, maSin ise gamodis, rom fsevdo-dionise
areopagelTan isev plotiniseuli Tavisufali stilia
aRdgenili am sakiTxis gagebaSi (ra Tqma unda, qristianuli
msoflmxedvelobis gaTvaliswinebiT).
3
J. Stiglmayr. Der Neoplatoniker Proklus als Vorlage des sogen. Dionysius
Areopagita in der Lehre von Uebel. München, 1895, HYB 16, gv. 755.

162
safuZvelzedac adgens prokles filosofiis gavlenas are-
opagitul moZRvrebaze borotebis Sesaxeb.
XI s. bizantieli saeklesio moRvawe, Teologi nikoloz
meToneli aRniSnavda: proklem `gaZarcva~ areopagituli
moZRvrebao. albaT, es avtori hyavs mxedvelobaSi i��������
���������
. Stigl-
mairs, roca aRniSnavs: SeuZlebelia prokles ganviTare-
buli, maRal doneze ayvanili Tvalsazrisi momdinareob-
des dionises danawevrebuli, daukavSirebeli da `CanasaxSi
myofi naazrevisagan, an kidev rogor SeiZleba, rom asli
originalTan SedarebiT maRla mdgomi iyo?1 aq Stiglmairis
mosazreba kritikas ver uZlebs. Tuki areopagitika mihyveba
prokles filosofias (da es namdvilad asea) da amasTan, es
moZRvreba `ganuviTarebelia~, `CanasaxSi myofia~, maSin ra
aris misi Rirseba? es rom ase ar aris, amis dasadasture-
blad fsevdo-dionise areopagelis wignis `saRmrToTa
saxelTaT¢s~ moxseniebac sakmarisia, sadac mocemulia pirv-
elmizezis (RmerTis) da samyaros mimarTebis yvela aspeqti,
sikeTisa da borotebis damokidebuleba da kidev bevri sxva
problema, romelic neoplatonurma filosofiam daayena.
amasTan, areopagitikis avtori mTel rig punqtebSi Tavise-
burad sZlevs neoplatonuri filosofiis siZneleebs da
igi ganviTarebis axal safexurze ahyavs.
i. Stiglmairi prokles filosofiidan areopagitikis
gamomdinareobis dasamtkiceblad kidev sxva sabuTebs mima-
rTavs, romelic damajerebelia da misaRebic. avtoris az-
riT, prokle Tavis Tvalsazriss aviTarebs sxva SromebSic,
kerZod, komentarebSi platonis dialogebze (`parmenide~,
`alkibiade~...), agreTve, `Teologiis pirvel safuZvlebSi“
da ayalibebs sakuTar filosofiur sistemas2.
Semdeg i. Stiglmairi gansjis sagnad ixdis borotebi-
sa da materiis mimarTebas proklesTan da areopagitikaSi.
prokles azriT, boroteba materiisTvis damaxasiaTebeli

J. Stiglmayr. dasax. naSr., gv. 727.

1

iqve, gv. 728.

2

163
araa1, vinaidan materia maradiulia da masSi aris mSvenier-
eba. amasTan, rac arsebobs, arsebobs sikeTis safuZvelze.
amitomac materia, rogorc maradiulad arsebuli, ar Sei-
cavs borotebas. rogorc cnobilia, areopagituli moZ-
Rvrebac uaryofs materiis borotebis wyarod gamocxade-
bas. i. Stiglmairis es Tvalsazrisi miuTiTebs proklesa da
fsevdo-dionise areopagelis TvalsazrisTa Tanxvedraze.
amasTan, mxedvelobidan ar unda gamogvrCes is garemoebac,
rom plotine, materiis borotebis wyarod gamocxadebis
miuxedavad, sabolood mas (e. i. materias) maradiulad miiC-
nevs.2 Tu is maradiulia, maSin SesaZlebelia masSi Rirebu-
lis danaxva (sikeTe, mSveniereba...). plotines am Tvalsazri-
sis ganviTarebaa proklesa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis
Sexedulebani.
safuZvels moklebuli unda iyos i. Stiglmairis mosaz-
reba, romlis Tanaxmadac, dionise ar saWiroebda plotines
filosofias, vinaidan misTvis saintereso sakiTxebi moce-
muli iyo proklesTan3.
daskvnaSi avtori aRniSnavs, rom dionisem moaxdina
prokles qristianizacia. dionises Sromebis Sedareba prok-
lesTan, erTi mxriv, da eklesiis mamebis (basil didi, gri­
gol noseli, grigol nazianzeli) SromebTan, meore mxriv,
naTels xdis, rom igi flobda Tavisi drois rogorc qris-
tianul, ise neoplatonur literaturas4.
h. koxis azriT, areopagitika Tavisi formiTa da Sinaar-
siT sruliad ar hgavs im drois mociqulTa Txzulebebs5;
dionises borotebaze moZRvreba momdinareobs prokles
Sromidan – de Maloruma subsistentia, romelic mxolod laT-

1
J. Stiglmayr. dasax. naSr., gv. 731.
2
В. Виндельбанд. История древней философии. СПБ, 1908, gv. 306.
3
J. Stiglmayr. dasax. naSr., gv. 726.
4
iqve, gv. 748.
5
H. Koch. Proklus als Quelle des Ps. D. Areopagita in der Lehre vom Bösen.
Philologus, Götingen,1956, Bd. 54, gv. 3.

164
inur enazea SemorCenili.H h. koxi fsevdo-dionises miiCnevs
mistikis mamad. areopagituli mistikis safuZvelia prok-
les filosofia. kerZod ki, misi komentarebi platonis
parmenideze1.
naSromSi ganxilulia mSvenierebis sakiTxi fsevdo-di-
onises filosofiaSi da naCvenebia misi siaxlove platonis,
plotinesa da prokles TvalsazrisTan. avtori mistikuri
xedvis Zirebs platonis dialogebSi eZebs (`fedrosi~,
`respublika~, `Teeteti~...). koxTan, aseve vrcladaa ganxi-
luli plotines mistika. aRniSnuli naSromebidan cxadi
xdeba, rom areopagituli misticizmi saTaves erTi rome-
lime avtorisgan ki ar iRebs, aramed bevrisgan (platoni,
filoni, plotine, iambliqosi). am miznisTvis, fsevdo-dion-
ises gamoadga agreTve, prokles filosofiac, kerZod, misi
komentarebi `parmenideze~2. iqac ki, sadac fsevdo-dionise
plotines azrs iyenebs, prokles terminologiiT sarge-
blobs3. maSasadame, fsevdo-dionise areopageli plotines
TvalsazrisTan prokles filosofiis meSveobiT midis.
areopagituli mistikis kulminaciis (`saRmrToTa
saxelTaT¢s~ me-4 Tavi, $9) saTave����������������������
����������������������������
proklesTan unda veZe-
boT da ara plotinesTan.4 Tumca unda aRiniSnos, isic rom
am sakiTxSi h. koxi gverds ver uvlis plotines, kerZod
ki, mesame eneadis meeqvse wignis mexuTe Tavs. yovelive es
h. koxis Tvalsazrisis araTanmimdevrulobasa da sakvlevi
obieqtis sirTuleze miuTiTebs.
prokles filosofiisa da areopagitikis mimarTebis
kvlevisas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba qarTveli mecnieris S.
nu­­­cu­­biZis mosazrebebs, romlis Tanaxmadac, fsevdo-dion-
ise areopagelis `qristianizirebuli neoplatonizmi“ aris
renesansis ZiriTadi wyaro.

1
H. Koch. dasax. naSr., gv. 30.
2
iqve, gv. 152.
3
iqve, gv. 158.
4
iqve, gv. 159.

165
 S. nucubiZis azriT, neoplatonizmi aris swored is
moZRvreba, romelmac Taviseburad ganaviTara antikuri
filosofiuri memkvidreoba da daicva igi qristianu-
li dogmatikis xelyofisgan. swored areopagitikis mier
SeTvisebuli, neoplatonuri filosofiis monapovari (Zir-
iTadad prokles filosofias gulisxmobs avtori, – m. m.)
daedo safuZvlad aRorZinebis xanis filosofiur msofl­
mxedvelobas. nucubiZis azriT, renesansis filosofiuri
msoflmxedvelobis Semqmnelni neoplatonuri filosofi-
is ZiriTadi principebidan amodian. S. nucubiZe prokles
filosofiis detaluri ganxilvis Semdeg miuTiTebs mis
progresul xasiaTze qristianul msoflmxedvelobasTan
SedarebiT.
S. nucubiZe aRniSnavs, rom platonis filosofiaSi
erTmaneTisgan mowyvetil iqna ideaTa da movlenaTa sam-
yaro. platonis filosofiis es nakli ver daZlies verc
aristotelem da verc piTagorelebma1: es siZneleebi, rom-
lebic saTaves platonis filosofiidan iRebs, S. nucubi-
Zis azriT, ver iqna daZleuli neoplatonuri filosofiis
pirvel warmomadgenlebTanac. rac Seexeba prokles, masTan
ganxorcielda ukanaskneli gadamwyveti cda absoluturi
sikeTis Tavis uflebebSi aRdgenisa `erTi~ sawyisis ideasT-
an dakavSirebis gziT2.
Sua saukuneebSi, – wers S. nucubiZe, – arsebobda ori
procesi antikurobasTan damokidebulebis mxriv: 1. anti-
kuri filosofiis logikurad ganviTareba mis saboloo
punqtamde; 2. saeklesio azrovnebis cdebi – ekleqtikurad
SeeguebinaT antikuri azrovneba qristianul safuZvlebT-
an. azrovnebis istoriisTvis nucubiZes mniSvnelovnad mi-
aCnia pirveli procesi, romelic proklem daagvirgvina. aq
nucubiZis Tvalsazrisi dazustebas moiTxovs. rogorc igi

1
S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sro­mebi.
Tb.,1976, IV t. gv. 130.
2
iqve, gv. 130-131.

166
aRniSnavs, proklem sikeTis idea da pirvelmizezi gaaerTi-
ana. es azri mcdaria, radganac sikeTis ideisa da pirvel­
mizezis erTianoba Camoyalibebuli saxiT ukve plotines
filosofiaSia mocemuli1.
prokles filosofiaSi, S. nucubiZis azriT, moxerx-
da erTisa da simravlis dakavSireba – `erTidan~ mravlis
dabadebisa da misadmi uku��������������������������������
�����������������������������������
dabrunebis daSvebis saxiT. erTi-
sa da sikeTis gaigivebam gamoiwvia sikeTis absolutizacia
da borotebis realobis gauqmeba.
S. nucubiZe prokles filosofiaSi miuTiTebs im mo-
mentebzec, romlis ZaliTac neoplatonuri filosofia
daupirispirda qristrianul msoflmxedvelobas. avtoris
azriT, prokle xazs usvams samyaros warmoSobas erTisagan
ara kreaciis, aramed aucileblobis ZaliT, bunebrivad,
`erTi, anu RmerTi aris arsebulTa mizezi, magram maTi
Semqmneli ki ar aris, aramed aucileblobiT warmomqmneli2.
sabolood S. nucubiZis mosazrebani SeiZleba ase Seva-
jamoT: antikur filosofiaSi arsebuli siZneleebi, rac
dakavSirebuli iyo erTisa da simravlis damokidebulebas­
Tan, gadaWril iqna antikuri neoplatonizmis ukanasknel
warmomadgenelTan, proklesTan. am sakiTxze prokles Tval-
sazrisi qristianul msoflmxedvelobas `Seugua~ fsevdo-
dionise areopagelma, ris wyalobiTac antikuri filosofi-
uri memkvidreoba gadaeca Sua saukuneebs.

2. pirvelsawyisi erTis gageba prokles filosofiasa

da areopagitikaSi
rogorc neoplatonuri filosofiis damaarsebelTan –
plotinesTan, ise proklesTan, pirvelsawyisi (pirvelmize-
zi, RmerTi) aris erTi, meore safexurs warmoadgens goneba,
mesames – suli, xolo meoTxes – kosmosi.

1
H. Ritter. Geschichte der christlichen Philosophie. Hamburg, 1841, Th. 2. gv.
66 6.
2
S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sro­mebi.
IV t., gv. 142.

167
 prokles azriT, arsebulebs unda gaaCndeT pirvel­
mizezi. Tuki ar iarsebebs pirvelmizezi, maSin gveqneba
arsebaTa usasrulo rigi, romlis Sesaxebac codna Seu-
Zlebelia. Tuki arsebobs pirvelmizezi, misgan, rogorc
safuZvlisgan, unda gamomdinareobdes yoveli sagani. es
pirveli mizezi aucileblad erTi unda iyos. ratom ar
SeiZleba sawyisi iyos mravali? prokles azriT, sinamdvile
aucileblad naziarebia erTs, sxva SemTxvevaSi simravlis
yoveli Semadgeneli isev simravle iqneba (radganac igi ar
eqvemdebareba erTianobis princips) da a. S. usasrulod.
maSasadame, Tuki davuSvebT, rom sawyisi aris mravali, maSin
gveqneba usasrulobis usasrulo rigi, romlis Sesaxebac
codna SeuZlebelia. ase rom, Tu ar gveqneba erTi, maSin
ar iarsebebs codnac. simravlem rom iarsebos, is raRac-
nairad naziarebi unda iyos erTs:L `yoveli simravle ezi-
arebis ra¡Tave erTsa. xolo Tu ar eziarebis, arca yoveli
erT iyos, arca TiToeuli mravalTa¡, romelTagan simrav-
le, aramed iyos TiToeulica maTi mraval, da ese vidre
usazRvroobamde da TiToeulTa amaT usazRvroobaTa¡ iyos
kualad simravle usazRvro¡~1.
Tavis mxriv, erTs Tavisi arsebobisTvis ar sWirdeba
sxvasTan ziareba. sicxadisTvis kidev erTxel gavixsenoT
neoplatonizmis saerTo azri pirvelsawyisi erTis Sesaxeb.
neoplatonikosebis Tanaxmad, pirveli erTi aris martivi,
umaRlesi arseba, srulyofilebis umaRlesi forma, mTel
arsebaTa safuZveli, romelic ise qmnis, rom Tavis Tavidan
ar gadis. Tavis Tavidan rom gavides, maSin is imoZravebs,
Tuki imoZravebs, maSin moZraobisTvis adgili dasWirdeba.
Tu is romelime adgilze aRmoCndeba, maSin nawilebis Sem-
cveli iqneba, is, rac nawilisgan Sedgeba, martivi da erTi
ki araa, aramed simravle. rogorc aq aRniSnulidan irkveva,

prokle diadoxosisa platonurisa filosofosisa kavSirni.

1

ioane petriwi. Sromebi. Tb., 1940, I t. gv. 3.

168
pirvelsawyisi erTi martivi da pirveladia, xolo simravle
masTan SedarebiT meoreuli.
areopagitul moZRvrebaSic pirvelmizezi erTia. is
mxo­lod erTi SeiZleba iyos, vinaidan Tuki sawyisi ar
iqneba erTi, maSin igi martivi da erTiani ki ar iqneba, ar-
amed simravle (`ganyofili~), Tavisi Tavis winaaRmdegi da
damSleli1.
Tuki fsevdo-dionise areopagelis mosazrebas pirvel-
sawyisze, rogorc erTze, SevadarebT neoplatonikosTa
Tvalsazriss, cxadi gaxdeba, rom areopagitikis avtori
am sakiTxSi maT uSualod mihyveba. rogorc vnaxeT, prok-
lesTan sagangebo msjelobaa miZRvnili pirvelsawyisis,
rogorc erTis, dasasabuTeblad. asevea fsevdo-dionis-
esTanac. magram yovelive es Tu gvaZlevs imis safuZvels,
rom am sakiTxSi areopagitikis erTaderT wyarod mxolod
prokles filosofia miviCnioT?
plotines azriTac xom yvela arsebulSi aucilebelia
erTianoba, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi simravle daiSleboda.
yovel arsebas erTianoba aqvs sawyisidan. pirveli erTi
yvelaze maRla mdgomia2. rogorc aq aRniSnulidan irkveva,
prokles���������������������������������������������
moZRvreba�����������������������������������
��������������������������������������������
pirvelmizezze,��������������������
����������������������������������
rogorc�������������
�������������������
erTze�������
������������
, mniS-
�����
vnelovanwilad����������������������������������������
���������������������������������������
gansazRvrulia��������������������������
�������������������������
plotines�����������������
����������������
filosofiiT������
. ����
ami-
tomac ufro marTebuli iqneba Semdegi daskvnis gakeTeba:
pirvelsawyisis��������������������������������������
, rogorc������������������������������
������������������������������������
erTis������������������������
�����������������������������
Sesaxeb����������������
�����������������������
moZRvreba������
���������������
prok-
�����
lesTan��������������������������������������������
plotines�����������������������������������
�������������������������������������������
filisofiidan����������������������
����������������������������������
modis����������������
���������������������
, ��������������
prokle��������
ki�����
�������
moZ-
����
Rvrebas erTis Sesaxeb mkacr logikur CarCoebSi aqcevs.
areopagitikaSi es Tvalsazrisi qristianul-religiur
saburvelSia���������������������������������������������
gaxveuli������������������������������������
��������������������������������������������
. unda������������������������������
����������������������������������
aRiniSnos��������������������
�����������������������������
isic���������������
�������������������
, rom����������
�������������
areopagi-
���������
tikaSic pirvelmizezis, rogorc erTis, dasabuTeba mkacr
logikur principebs emyareba. gamoricxuli ar aris, rom
aq areopagitikis avtori uSualod prokles mihyvebodes an

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 49.

1

plotine. VI eneada, me-9 wigni, $1.

2

169
maTi���������������������������������������������������
��������������������������������������������������
msgavseba�����������������������������������������
����������������������������������������
erTi������������������������������������
�����������������������������������
wyaros�����������������������������
– ��������������������������
plotines������������������
�����������������
filosofiiT sarge-
blobiT iyos gamowveuli.
prokles filosofiisa da areopagituli moZRvrebis
msgavseba������������������������������������������
�����������������������������������������
rom��������������������������������������
�������������������������������������
xSirad�������������������������������
������������������������������
erTi��������������������������
�������������������������
wyaroTi������������������
�����������������
sargeblobis������
�����
Sede-
gia, naTlad Cans pirvelmizezis daxasiaTebidanac. aR­
niSnul sakiTxSi fsevdo-dionise uSualod plotines mih­
yve­ba. fsevdo-dionisesTanac, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,
pi­
r­velmizezi������������������������������������������
�����������������������������������������
aris�������������������������������������
������������������������������������
erTi��������������������������������
, ������������������������������
igi���������������������������
��������������������������
mTeli���������������������
��������������������
sinamdvilis���������
��������
safuZve-
lia, misgan aqvT arsebebs dasabami. pirvelmizezi (RmerTi,
sikeTe) misgan gamosul arsebebs aniWebs RvTaebriv unars
yovelgvari���������������������������������������������
��������������������������������������������
winaswari�����������������������������������
����������������������������������
arCevanis�������������������������
������������������������
gareSe������������������
: ����������������
rogorc����������
���������
mze������
�����
Tavi-
si sxivebis ganfenisas araviTari arCevanis winaSe ar dgas,
asevea sikeTec (pirvelmizezi, RmerTi) `saxiereba – efrem
mcires terminiT). sikeTe Tavis RvTaebriv Zalas miafens
yvela arsebas da a. S1. ramdenadac pirvelmizezi yvelafris
warmomSobeli������������������������������������������
da���������������������������������������
�����������������������������������������
safuZvelia����������������������������
��������������������������������������
, amitomac������������������
��������������������������
mas��������������
�����������������
SeiZleba�����
�������������
ewo-
����
dos������������������������������������������������������
�����������������������������������������������������
xiluli�����������������������������������������������
����������������������������������������������
sinamdvilis�����������������������������������
����������������������������������
saxelebi��������������������������
. igi���������������������
������������������������
��������������������
yvelganaa�����������
����������
da��������
�������
Seimec-
neba yvelaferSi `yovelTa Soris yovel ars... da yovelTa
mier yovliTurT icnobebis...“2. areopagituli Txzulebidan
motanili es amonaweri cxads xdis, rom �������������������
aq�����������������
����������������
saqme�����������
����������
gvaqvs����
pi-
rvelmizezis (RmerTis) dadebiT daxasiaTebasTan. es aris
katafatikuri (dadebiTi) meTodis saf������������������
u�����������������
Zveli ar���������
e��������
opagiti-
kaSi. fsevdo-dionises es Tvalsazrisi axlosaa plotines
filosofiasTan.
plotine xom ase ayenebs sakiTxs: ramdenadac pirvel­
mizezi (RmerTi) mTeli arebuli sinamdvilis safuZvelia,
yvela arsebas dasabami masSi aqvs, amitomac isini atare-
ben RvTaebriv Tvisebebs. e. celeris SeniSvniT, arsebaSi

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 29-30. germaneli
mkvlevari v. pregeri am debulebas miiCnevs fsevdo-dionise
areopagelis moZRvrebaSi samyaros RmerTidan aucileblobiT
gamomdinareobis damadastureblad. ix. W. Preger. Geschichte der
deutsche Mystik in Mittelalter. Leipzig, 1874, gv.154.
2
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 72.

170
aris pirvelmizezis RvTaebrivi Zala, aqedan gamomdinare,
plotines filosofiisTvis damaxasiaTebelia dinamikuri
panTeizmi. plotines azriT, sawyisi (e. i. pirvelmizezi) ar
warmoadgens arsebebis erTianobas. pirvelmizezi aris yve-
laferi im gagebiT, rom yvela arsebuli misgan gamodis da
masSi aqvs safuZveli1.
fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, pirvelmizezi (RmerTi) miz-
ezic aris da mizanic, agreTve `sazom ars arsTa da ricxu,
da saukune da wes da gare Semcvel da mizez da dasasrul~2.
amasTan, RvTaeba, rogorc mizezi da yvelafris mSobeli,
TviTonaa siyvaruli, xolo, meore mxriv, rogorc sikeTe da
mSveniereba sasurvelia da ������������������������������
s�����������������������������
ayvareli, igi yvelafris sazo-
mi, mizezi da saboloo mizania. fsevdo-dionise am sakiTx-
Si rom plotines mihyveba, dasturdeba plotines Semdegi
Tvalsazrisidan: umaRlesi sawyisi, amasTan, bolocaa, anu
ganxorcielebuli mizania, vinaidan arseba, romelic moi-
cavs sawyissa da bolos, is warmoadgens sisrules, romel-
sac sxva ar sWirdeba3.
aq, pirvel rigSi, saintereso isa a�������������������
ris����������������
, Tu ra mimarTe-
baSia areopagituli Tvalsazrisi pirvelmizezze, rogorc
amave dros mizanze, prokles msgavs TvalsazrisTan. prokles
filosofiaSi mocemuli triada aCvenebs, rom pirvel­mizezi
gadis Tavis Tavidan da ubrundeba isev Tavis Tavs (yofna,
gasvla, ukudabruneba). es ki niSnavs, rom arsebebi gamodis
Tavisi mizezidan da ukuubrundebian masve. yovelive es
niSnavs Tu ara imas, rom areopagitikis avtori uSualod
prokles filosofiidan amodis, roca igi msjelobs aRniS-
nuli sakiTxis irgvliv. vfiqrob, ar������������������
e�����������������
opagituli msjelo-
bis forma ufro plotines azrs uaxlovdeba, romelTanac
pirvelmizezi arsebaTa safuZvelicaa da ukanaskneli mis-
wrafebis obieqtic (eTikur sferoSi).

1
plotine. V eneada, me-2 wigni, $1.
2
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 32.
3
plotine. V eneada, me-8 wigni, $7.

171
 bolos kidev erTxel davubrundeT fsevdo-dionises
debulebas: erTi yvelganaa da YyvelaferSi Seicnoba da amave
dros, arsad araa da arc araferSi Seicnoba. areopagituli
moZRvrebis es adgili Zalze mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia, erTi
mxriv, proklesa da fsevdo-dionises, xolo, meore mxriv,
plotines filosofiisa da areopagituli moZRvrebis mima-
rTebis gasarkvevad. aq, pirvel rigSi, sainteresoa am de-
bulebis wyaros dadgena. prokles filosofiaSi amgvar
msjelobas adgili ara aqvs. rac Seexeba plotines, swored
masTanaa naTqvami, rom pirvelsawyisi, rogorc yvelafris
safuZveli, arsebobs arsebebSi da amasTan, rogorc umaR-
lesi arseba, arsad araa, misi gamoxatva xiluli sinamdvi-
lis arsebiT aramarTebulia.... SeuZlebelia laparaki mis
sadme arsebobaze1. plotines Tvalsazriss fsevdo-dionise
komentaris gareSe iRebs: RmerTi yvela arsebulTa miz-
ezia, magram TviTon igi maTze metia da arc erT maTganze
ar daiyvaneba, `viTarmed yovelTave arsTa mizez ars, xolo
T¢iT arca erTi maTgani, vinaჲთგან maT yovelTa zeSTaarseb-
isa amaRlebul ars~2.
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pirvelmizezze
(RmerTze) moZRvrebaSi areopagituli Tvalsazrisi ufro
plotines filosofiasTan amJRavnebs siaxloves.

3. arsebaTa warmoSoba pirvelmizezidan da ukuda-

bruneba, triada
prokles Tanaxmad, Tuki, rac warmoSobs, warmoSobda
ara srulyofilebis safuZvelze, aramed potenciis naklo-
vanebiT, maSin igi ar iqneboda uZravi.3
prokle diadososis Tvalsazrisi pirvelmizezidan ar-
sebaTa warmoSobis Sesaxeb uSualod plotines filosofi­

1
plotine. V eneada, me-3 wigni, $13.
2
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 10.
3
prokle diadoxosisa platonurisa filosofosisa kavSirni.
gv. 23.

172
idan amodis. amas adasturebs Semdegi adgilebi eneadebidan:
pirvelsawyisi, romelic umartivesi da igiveobrivia, ro-
gor warmoSobs simravles? am kiTxvaze plotine ase pasuxo-
bs: radganac pirveli erTi yovelmxriv srulyofilia, mas-
Si aris srulyofilebis siWarbe, ris safuZvelzedac xdeba
Tavisi Tavidan gasvla1. sxva adgilasac dgeba es kiTxva.
rogor warmoiSoba absoluturi erTidan mravali? ploti-
nes pasuxi aq ufro praqtikuli magaliTiTaa gamagrebuli:
Cven xilul sinamdvileSi vxedavT, rom esa Tu is arseba,
miaRwevs Tu ara srulyofilebas, vrceldeba Tavisi Tavis
gareT. es SeimCneva ara marto cnobierebis mqone arsebebSi,
aramed usuloebSic ki. mag., cecxli wvavs mis gareT arse-
bulsac. Tuki es asea, maSin ra uSlis xels umaRles arsebas
arsebaTa warmoqmnaSi? plotines azriT, mas rom raime xels
uSlides, maSin is aRar iqneboda srulyofili2. Tuki pir-
velsawyiss xelis SemSleli ar hyavs, bunebrivia, rom igi
warmoqmnis arsebebs da es asec xdeba. aRniSnulidan cxa-
dia, rom rogorc plotinesTan, ise proklesTan arsebaTa
warmoSoba xdeba Sinagani aucileblobiT da gamoricxulia
nebelobiTi aqti.
plotines filosofiis gavlena prokles Tvalsazrisze
ueWvelia. maTTan mocemuli aucileblobis principi gad-
mosulia qristianuli neoplatonizmis warmomadgenelTan
– fsevdo-dionisesTan. aucileblobis principis daSveba
fsevdo-dionises mxridan naTlad miuTiTebs neoplatonur
filosofiasTan misi msoflmxedvelobis Sinagan kavSirze.
prokles mixedviT, pirvelmizezidan arsebaTa warmoSo-
ba xdeba potenciis siWarbiT. ra mimarTebaSia warmoSobili
arsebebi Tavis warmomSobelTan – pirvelmizizTan? prok-
les azriT, yvela arseba ganlagebulia pirvelmizezis mi-
marT garkveuli wesis Tanaxmad. rac ufro axlosaa arseba
Tavis mizezTan, igi miT ufro srulyofilia. amasTan, yo-

plotine. V eneada, me-2 wigni, $1.

1

iqve, me-4 wigni, $1.

2

173
vel arsebas aqvs miswrafeba sikeTisken (e. i. pirvelmize-
zisken), magram erTni uSualod miiswrafvian, xolo meoreni
sxvas saWiroeben, `rameTu ukueTu yovelni myofni bunebiT
etrfvian keTilobasa, da romlisadmi Tan warmodgomila
keTiloba¡, xolo romelime moqene ars sx¢sadasa, da ro-
melsame Tan moaqus mizezi keTilobisa¡, xolo romlisadme
kide ars.~1 amitomac, prokles azriT, is, rac srulyofi-
lia (TviTkmaria), ufro axlosaa sikeTesTan, vidre nakle-
bsrulyofili, xolo is, rac naklebsrulyofilia – Sorsaa
pirvelmizezisgan: `rameTu ra¡zomiTa umaxlobeles iyos
momcemsa sawado¡sasa, egzomca iyos umjobes missa, romelsa
hqondeis T¢si mizezi uaSores, da sxua¡gniT miiTualvides
sisrulesa T¢sisa myofobisasa anu moqmedebisasa... xolo
daklebuli ars romeli ara T¢T pirveli iyos keTiloba¡,
aramed eziarebodis~2.
prokles azriT, is arseba, romelic sxvisi meSveobiT
eziareba sikeTes, ufro Sorsaa sikeTisgan: `xolo mziare-
beli mesaSuvleobiTa sx¢sa¡Ta ufro ganSorebul pirvelisa
keTilobisgan da romeli ar ars sxua T¢nier keTiloba¡~3.
prokles zemo moyvanili Tvalsazrisi srulebiTac ar
niSnavs imas, rom ufro metad srulyofili da TviTkmari
ukve umaRlesi arsebis igiveobrivia. yovelgvari TviTkmari
arseba ufro `Raribia~ pirvelmizezTan SedarebiT, `yovel-
Ta umoqeno¡ da sruli pirvelsa da martivsa keTilobasa
udares ars~4. sakuTriv umaRlesi sikeTe (pirvelmizezi),
prokles azriT, sxvisken ar miiswrafvis. es rom ase yofi-
liyo, maSin igi (umaRlesi sikeTe) savse iqneboda naklova-
ni. igi arc TviTkmaria, vinaidan am SemTxvevaSi igi sikeTiT
iqneboda da ara pirveli, umaRlesi sikeTe: `rameTu ar ars

1
prokle diadoxosisa platonurisa filosofosisa kavSirni.
gv.10.
2
iqve.
3
iqve.
4
iqve.

174
metrfe sxuasa T¢ssa upirvelessa, ra¡Tamca iyos naklul da
ara srul, da gulmTqumel keTilobisadmi; da arca srul
ars, rameTu sruli savse oden keTilobiTa ars da ara Tu
pirveli keTiloba¡~1.
prokles Tzulebis Semdegi Tavi eZRvneba pirvelmize-
zidan yvela arsebulis gamosvlas, imis dasabuTebas, rom
yvela arsebuli momdinareobs erTi mizezidan – pirvelmi-
zezidan.
prokles azriT, yoveli arseba, romelic sxvas ezia-
reba, nakleb srulyofilia, xolo is, rac sxvas iziarebs,
ufro naklovania, vidre is arseba, romlic saerTod gamo-
ricxavs ziarebas (`yoveli mziarebeli ziarebulsa udares
ars, da yoveli Tanziarebeli uziarebulsa~). is, vinc ezia-
reba sxvas da ziarebamde iyo naklovani, xolo ziarebisas
gaxda srulyofili, igi mainc ufro nakleb srulyofilia,
vidre is, rasac eziara: `rameTu yoveli Tanmziarebeli pir-
vel Tanziarebulisa usrul ars, srul iqmnebis vidreme Ta-
naziarebiTa, udares ganaRa ziarebiTa, romlis mier srul
iqmnebis~2.
arsebaTa warmoSoba, prokles mixedviT, xdeba msgavsebis
safuZvelze. yovelgvari warmoSoba, gamomdinareoba xdeba
msgavsebis safuZvelze. warmomSobeli msgavss ufro adre
aZlevs arsebobas, vinaidan msgavsi warmoiSoba msgav­sisgan
– msgavsebisa da ara gansxvavebis safuZvelze: `yoveli gza-
vna¡ arsebiTi msgavsebisa mier srul iqmnebis SemdgomiTa¡
pirvel|Tadve mimarT. xolo Tu warmomarsebelni pirvel
umsgavsoTa¡sa msgavsTa warmoayeneben, vina¡ msgavseba war-
momaarsebelTagan warmoayenebs warmoarsebulTa; rameTu
msgavsni msgavsebisa mier iqmnebian msgavs da ara umsgav-
soobisa mier~3. prokles Txzulebis am Tavis bolo nawilia

1
prokle diadoxosisa platonurisa filosofosisa kavSirni.
gv. 11.
2
iqve, gv. 21.
3
iqve, gv. 25.

175
ufro mniSvnelovani, sadac aRniSnulia: imis miuxedavad,
rom pirvel arsebidan momdinare Zala sustdeba, mainc aris
TanmTxveva, igiveoba warmomSobelsa da warmoSobils Soris
da yovel warmoSobils Tavisi arseboba (arseba) gaaCnia ms-
gavsebis safuZvelze: `vina¡ gzavna¡ arsebiTi Soris udare-
sobiTsa STamoobasa daicavs masveobasa Sobilisasa mSobe-
lisa mimarT, da viTar ars igi pirvel, essaxeca warmoaCens
Semdgomsa, vina¡ msgavsebisa mier aqus mas mdgomareoba¡.~1
SevajamoT prokles mosazreba arsebebs Soris ur-
TierTmimarTebaze. rogorc aRniSnulidan irkveva, prokle
pirvelmizezidan arsebaTa gamomdinareobas mkacr logikur
principebs uqvemdebarebs. arsebebi momdinareobs pirveli
sikeTidan da isini ganlagebulia TavianTi srulyofilebis
mixedviT. ufro srulyofili (TviTkmari) arsebebi axlosaa
pirvelmizezTan da, piriqiT. amasTan, yoveli Semdgomi ar-
sebis mizezia masTan SedarebiT nakleb srulyofili arse-
bisa da a. S. vidre yvelaze nakleb srulyofil arsebamde.
pirvelmizezidan gamomdinare arsebebi rom ufro nak-
leb srulyofilia, vidre sakuTriv pirvelmizezi, ukve
plotines filosofiaSia mocemuli. plotines azriT, yove-
li Semdegi warmoqmnani ufro nakleb srulyofilia, vidre
wanavali2. maSasadame, ierarqiuli kibis monaxazi ukve mo-
cemulia plotines filosofiaSi. rac Seexeba prokles, man
plotines es Tvalsazrisi sistemaSi moiyvana, dauqvemdeba-
ra igi mkacr logikur principebs. ra igulisxmeba amaSi?
pirvel rigSi is, rom prokles Tanaxmad, pirvelmizezisgan
ufro msgavsi adre warmoiSoba, vidre aramsgavsi da a. S.
amasTan, warmoSobilTa rigSi, prokle erTmaneTisgan ga-
nasxvavebs TviTkmarsa da naklovans, maT Soris damyarebu-
li aris garkveuli Tanafardoba. es TviTkmari da srulia
masze ufro nakleb srulyofil arsebebze da ara saerTod.

1
prokle diadoxosisa platonurisa filosofosisa kavSirni.
gv. 25.
2
plotine. V eneada, me-2 wigni, $2.

176
Tavis mxriv igi naklovania (`Raribia~) pirvelmizezTan,
pirvel sikeTesTan SedarebiT. proklesTan, plotinesgan
gansxvavebiT, axleburia agreTve msgavsebis safuZvelze
warmoSobis daSveba. msgavsebis SemotaniT prokle arsebaTa
urTierTmimarTebas garkveuli kanonzomierebis farglebSi
aqcevs. amitomac ierarqiul kibeze qaosi aRar gvaqvs. plo-
tinesTan ki es ase araa. bolos SeiZleba iTqvas, rom prok-
lem daxvewa da ganaviTara plotines moZRvreba pirvelmi-
zezidan gamomdinare arsebaTa urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb,
rac win gadadgmuli nabiji iyo sinamdvilis gamTlianobis
TvalsazrisiT.
am sakiTxSi prokles TvalsazrisTan siaxloves amJRav-
nebs fsevdo-dionises Tvalsazrisi. prokles msgavsad, fse-
vdo-dionise warmoSobil arsebebs miiCnevs naklebsrulyo-
filad, aRiarebs arsebaTa gamosvlas uSualo mizezidan
da a. S. magram areopagitul moZRvrebaSi mocemulia erTi
saintereso mosazreba, romelic am moZRvrebis originalu-
robaze miuTiTebs plotinesa da proklesTan SedarebiT.
kerZod, mxedvelobaSia sikeTis (pirvelmizezis) mier gan-
fenili RvTaebrivi Zalebis mimRebi arsebebi. ra aris imis
mizezi, rom erTi arseba ufro srulia, vidre meore? amis
mizezi RvTaebaSi unda veZioT Tu isev arsebebSi?
areopagituli moZRvrebis Tanaxmad, sinamdvileSi ar-
sebul arsebaTa urTierTmimarTeba, yovelgvari wesrigi
momdinareobs umaRlesi arsebidan. yovelgvari arsebuli
sikeTis meSveobiT arsebobs. rac yovel arsebas gaaCnia, si-
keTisagan aqvs miRebuli: `da erTbamad yovelTa, raodenTa
grZnobadi aqus suli anu cxoreba¡ – ese yovelni saxierebi-
saganve sulier da cxovel arian~1. fsevdo-dionises azriT,
umaRlesi sikeTisgan aqvT yovelgvari unari miniWebuli ara
mxolod cocxal arsebebs, aramed mcenareebsac da usulo
arsebebsac ki: `da nergTaca yovelTa saxierebisaganve aqus
cxoreba¡ moZravobiTi da mozardobiTi. da raodenni usu-

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 31.

1

177
lo da ucxovlo arseba arian, saxierebisaganve arian da mis
mier arsebiTisa wesisa qonebasa xuedrebul arian~1.
areopagitikis es adgilebi naTels xdis, rom am moZR-
vrebis Tanaxmad xiluli, sinamdvilis yvela arsebaSi Cans
umaRlesi arsebis kvali. amasTan, sikeTe (RmerTi) Tavis
RvTaebriv Zalebs arsebebs miafens erTianad, riTac sicxa-
de da sikeTe Seaqvs yvela arsebaSi: `.. gananaTlebs yovelTa
SemZlebelTa naTlisa datevnisaTa, dahbadebs da cxovel
hyofs, ipyrobs da srul hyofs~2. aq, logikuria Semdegi
kiTxva: xom ar aris iseTi arseba, sadamdec pirvelmizezis
(umaRlesi sikeTis) RvTaebrivi Zalebi ver aRwevs? Tu asea,
maSin gasagebi iqneba arsebaTa Soris gansxvaveba. fsevdo-
dionises azriT, ar arsebobs arseba, romelTanac es RvTae-
brivi Zalebi ar aRwevdes. igi yvelgan aRwevs. yvela arsebas
aaRorZinebs da srulyofs da ganaaxlebs.
maSasadame, pirvelmizezi yvela arsebas Tanabrad aZ-
levs Tavis RvTaebriv Zalebs da bunebrivia, rom arsebaTa
Soris gansxvaveba srulyofilebis mixedviT misgan momdi-
nareobs. pirvelmizezi yvela xilul arsebas aZlevs Tavis
sikeTes da es sikeTe aRwevs maTTan kidec. magram, Tuki ro-
melime arseba ver miiRebs mas, es am Zalebis Sesustebisa
da simciris mizeziT ki araa gamowveuli, aramed TviT mi-
mRebel arsebaTa uunarobiT, romlebmac ver miiRes da ver
gaiges misi arseba3.
fsevdo-dionises es Tvalsazrisi ormxrivadaa sainte-
reso:
1. rogorc ukve plotinesa da prokles filosofiis
ganxilvis safuZvelze vnaxeT, maTTan mocemulia arsebaTa
ierarqiuli ganlageba. arsebebs pirvelmizezTan mimarTe-
biT garkveuli adgili ukaviaT – zogierTi axlosaa da zogi
erTi kidev Sors. amis mizezi ki aris arsebaTa srulyofile-

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 31.
2
iqve, gv. 32.
3
iqve.

178
bis xarisxi. magram arc plotinesa da arc proklesTan ga-
rkveviT araa naCvenebi TviT arsebaTa uunaroba RvTaebrivi
srulyofilebis miRebisas. maTTan ierarqiul sistemas, ki-
bes sqematurobisa da xelovnurobis elferi dahkravs. rac
Seexeba fsevdo-dionises, masTan ama Tu im arsebis srulyo-
filebis xarisxi damokidebulia sakuTriv mis unarze, vi-
naidan pirvelmizezi yovelgvari arCevanis gareSe `afens~
maT RvTaebriv Zalebs. am sakiTxSi fsevdo-dionises Tval-
sazrisi originaluria da pirvelmizezis srulyofilebaze
ufro naTel warmodgenas gviqmnis. Tuki es ase ar iqneboda,
yovelTvis gaCndeboda eWvi imis Taobaze, rom umaRlesi ar-
sebis mier miniWebuli srulyofileba bolomde ratom ver
xorcieldeba yovel arsebaSi.
2. arsebaTa uunarobaze miTiTebiT fsevdo-dionises
Tvalsazrisi meore, ufro mniSvnelovani daskvnis safu-
Zvels iZleva. kerZod, aq naTlad mJRavndeba misi pozicia
samyaros maradiulobaze, ufro sworad xiluli sinamdvi-
lis damoukideblobis ganxilvisas fsevdo-dionises mxri-
dan srulyofilebis miuReblobis `gadabraleba~ arsebebze
imis maCvenebeli unda iyos, rom es arsebebi RmerTis mier
Seqmnili (da ara warmoSobili, – m. m.) ar aris. es arsebe-
bi gamomdinareobs, gamodis da `toveben~ pirvelmizezs,
rac imasac niSnavs, rom maT ukve dakarguli aqvT simarti-
ve, erTianoba da naklovani arian. amitomac gasagebia maTi
uuna­roba RvTaebrivi sikeTis misaRebad. aqve unda aRiniS-
nos, rom yovelive es srulebiTac ar niSnavs imas, rom aq
Tqmuli areopagituli moZRvrebis am rTuli adgilis er-
TaderTi swori interpretaciaa. aq aRniSnuli erT-erT Se-
saZlebel interpretaciad migvaCnia.
fsevdo-dionises mimarTeba (siaxlove) proklesTan (da
plotinesTan) naTlad mJaRvndeba pirvelmizezisa da xilu-
li sinamdvilis erTianobis magaliTzec. fsevdo-dionises
azriT, pirvelmizezi (RmerTi) Tavisken izidavs arsebebs
`da viTarca yovelsave Tavisa mimarT T¢sisa moaqcevs sa-

179
xiereba¡; da dasabam Semokrebisa ars ganbneulTa, viTarca
erT-mTavrobiTi da erT-myofeli RmrTeebaჲ~1.
fsevdo-dionisesTan arsebulTa miswrafeba, gaerTia-
neba pirvelmizezTan specifikuri TaviseburebebiT xasia-
Tdeba. rogorc adre aRvniSneT, areopagitikaSi azrobrivi
arsebebi pirvelmizezTan (RmerTTan) erTiandeba Semecnebis
unaris meSveobiT, grZnobadi arsebebi – SegrZnebebis meS-
veobiT. is arsebebi, romelTac grZnobadoba ar gaaCniaT,
RmerTisken miiswrafvian maTSi arsebuli (aRmZvreli) sico-
cxlis surviliT, xolo is arsebebi, romelTac arc Semec-
nebis unari gaaCniaT, arc SegrZnebebi da arc sicocxlisken
miswrafeba, RmerTTan naziarebia arsis Tanaxmad, anu TviT
maTi arsebobis faqti niSnavs, rom isini ukve RvTaebrivia2.
unda aRiniSnos, rom pirvelmizezisadmi (RmerTisadmi) xi-
luli sinamdvilis amgvar, vityodiT – saocari da sainte-
reso miswrafebis daSvebas analogi ar moepoveba Sua sauku-
neebis religiur filosofiaSi.
mTeli sinamdvilis RmerTTan dabruneba-gaerTianebaze
fsevdo-dionises Tvalsazrisi gansxvavdeba antikuri neo-
platonikisebis Tvalsazrisisgan, magram zogierTi sakiT-
xis garkvevisas aris siaxlove rogorc plotinesTan, ise
proklesTan. magaliTad, neoplatonikosebis (gansakuTre-
biT prokles) Tanaxmad, arsebebi pirvelmizezSi ukudabru-
nebisas aucileblobis princips emyarebian. jer uSualo mi-
zezs gaivlis da Semdeg gavlilis uSualos da a. S. prokles
azriT, es imis gamo xdeba, rom yvela arsebis miswrafebis
sagania sikeTe (pirvelmizezi, RmerTi), romelic miiRweva
Sualeduri mizezebis gavliT, amitomac arsebas, romelic
mizezisgan warmoiSoba da mas ar ubrundeba, SuZlebelia
hqondes mizezisadmi miswrafeba: `yoveli warmoCenili vis-
ganve arsebiTi ukun iqcevis misdadve, sada¡T iwarmoebs.
xolo Tu iwarmoebdes oden da ar ukun iqceodis mizezi-

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 33.

1

iqve.
2

180
sadmi amis warmoarsisa, ar vina¡ iwadebs mizezsa T¢ssa...
vina¡ yoveli iwadebs keTilsa, da mimTxuev¡ misi umaxlobe-
lesisa mizezsa mier eqmnebis TiToeulsa¡~1. prokles Tval-
sazrisi gaziarebulia fsevdo-dionises mier, romlis Ta-
naxmadac RmerTSi dabrunebisTvis aucilebelia winamavali
mizezebis gavla: `igivaobaჲ da saSuvalTa da kideTa pyro-
ba¡... da kualad missa mimarTve miqceva¡ yovelTave misgan
gamomavalTa¡~2. aq eWvgareSea proklesa da fsevdo-dionises
TvalsazrisTa Tanxvedra.
fsevdo-dionises azriT, gonebis gaerTianeba RmerTTan
xdeba `umsgavseobis~ safuZvelze: `xolo romel CuenTaca
gonebaTa ufro¡s aRiyvaneben gamoCinebani igi umsgavsoeba-
Tani3. aRniSnulSi igulisxmeba is, rom RmerTTan gaerTia-
nebisTvis saWiroa masze miwerili da misTvis Seuferebeli
`umsgavso~ saxelebis Camocileba. aq Zneli aRaraa davina-
xoT plotines Tvalsazrisisa da areopagituli moZRvrebis
siaxlove. plotines mixedviT, RmerTTan WeSmariti miaxlo-
ebis gza aris masSi im niSan-Tvisebebis gamoricxva, rac mas
ar ekuTvnis. areopagitul moZRvrebaSi mocemulia ploti-
nes Tvalsazrisis pirdapiri analogia. goneba miiswrafvis
RmerTisken, magram es miswrafeba SesaZlebelia da ganxor-
cieldeba maSin, roca goneba masTan dakavSirebul yovel-
gvar arsebuls Camoicilebs4.
neoplatonur, gansakuTrebiT prokles filosofiaSi
damuSavebul iqna triaduli sistema. man winmavali filo-
sofosebisagan aiRo triaduli sistemis zogadi sqema da
Semdgomi daxvewa (hegeli). prokles `kavSirnis~ $$27-35-Si
gadmocemulia misi triadis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi. prokles
Txzulebis am monakveTSi aRniSnulia, rom yoveli arse-

1
prokle diadoxosis platonurisa filosofosisa kavSirni. gv.
26.
2
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 84.
3
iqve, `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~. gv. 106.
4
iqve, `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 72.

181
buli momdinareobs pirvelmizezidan, sikeTidan. es war-
moSoba xdeba msgavsebis safuZvelze. amasTan, yovelive es
xorcieldeba meoreuli sagnebis pirvelTan damsgavsebis
safuZvelze. is, rac momdinarebs, rCeba kidec warmoSobil-
Si da gamomdinareobs kidec misgan: `yoveli warmoarsebuli
visganve usaSovlod hgies vidreme Soris warmomaarsebel-
sa da warmoiarsebis misgan.~1 yoveli warmoSobili arseba
ukuubrundeba imaves, risganac warmoiSva: `yoveli warmo-
Cenili visganve arsebiT ukun iqcevis misdadve, sada¡Ta
iwarmoebs~2. yoveli ukudabruneba xdeba msgavsebis safuZ-
velze; yoveli warmoSoba da ukudabruneba wriuli xasiaTi-
saa: `yovelsa mewarmoesa visganve da ukumqcevsa mrgulivi
moqmedeba¡ aqus~3.
bolos es msjeloba prokles Sejamebuli aqvs debule-
baSi, romelic triaduli principis klasikuri nimuSia.
kerZod: mizeziT gamowveuli rCeba Tavis mizezSi, gamom-
dinareobs kidec da masve ukuubrundeba. `yoveli mizezo-
ani hgies Soris mizezsa T¢ssa da iwarmoebs misgan da ukun
iqcevis misdadve~4.
proklesa da fsevdo-dionises msoflmxedvelobebSi
erTmaneTs emTxveva triadaze moZRvreba. am punqtSi are­
opagituli moZRvreba uSualod prokles filosofiidan
amodis5. fsevdo-dionises Tanaxmad, sikeTisgan gamomdina­
reobs arsebulebi da masve ukuubrundeba: `...wina-myof sax-
ierebasa Sina da saxierebisagan arsTada aRmomdinare da

1
prokle diadoxosis platonuris filosofosisa kavSirni. gv.
25.
2
iqve, gv. 26.
3
iqve. am adgils a. losevi Targmnis rogorc ciklurobas,
wriulobis nacvlad (ix. Прокл. Первоосновы теологии. Тб.,
1972, gv. 44). neoplatonuri filosofiis azrTa wyobas Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT, aq wriuloba ufro marTebuli unda iyos.
4
iqve, gv. 27.
5
amis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ix. К. Кремер. dasax. naSr., gv. 287.

182
kualad saxierebisa mimarTve miqceuli~1. aq Zneli ar aris
prokles filosofiasTan paralelis gavleba, romelzedac
ukve gvqonda saubari. kerZod, areopagitikaSi SeTvisebulia
prokles ZiriTadi azri triadaze: Sedegis yofna mizezSi,
mizezidan Sedegis gamosvla da damoukideblad arseboba
da mizezSi Sedegis ukudabruneba. fsevdo-dionise iziarebs
prokles Tvalsazriss da es procesi maradiulad miaCnia:
`da viTarcა saukuno¡ ra¡me simrgule saxierebisaT¢s, sax-
ierebisagan, saxierebasa Sina da saxierebიsa mimarT uc-
TomeliTa moqceviTa moimrgulevis da mis Soris da masve
zeda maradis გამომავალ arsca da hgiescა da dgas~2.

4. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba

prokles filosofiisa da areopagituli moZRvrebis
kavSiris gasagebad didi mniSvneloba aqvs sikeTisa da
borotebis mimarTebis garkvevas. amgvari mimarTebis gan­
xilva imiTacaa mniSvnelovani, rom areopagituli prob-
lemebis kvlevaSi axali etapis damwyebni i. Stiglmairi da
h. koxi, am ori moazrovnis siaxloves ZiriTadad swored
sikeTisa da borotebis urTierTmimarTebis TvalsazrisSi
xedavs.
zemoT saubari gvqonda i. Stiglmairis gamokvlevaze,
romelic swored amgvar mimarTebebs Seexo. avtori ZiriTa-
dad emyareba prokles laTinurad SemorCenil Sromas
borotebis Sesaxeb, romelSic Camoyalibebulia prokles
azri sikeTeze, romlis Tanaxmad yovelgvari arsebulis
arsi da upirvelesi mizezi aris sikeTe: `yovelTa myofTa
dasabami mizezi upiratesi keTiloba¡ ars.~3 es mosazre-
ba paralels poulobs areopagitul moZRvrebaSi, sadac
aRniSnulia, rom yvelaferi sikeTisgan momdinareobs; igi

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~, gv. 42.
2
iqve.
3
prokle diadoxosisa platonurisa filosofiisa kavSirni. gv.
12.

183
dasabamia da misken miiswrafvian arsebebi: `..saxiereba¡ არს,
romlisაgan yoveli daibada da ars, viTarca mizezisagan
yovelTa momyvanebelisa~1. aq arc aris proklesa da fsev-
do-dionise areopagelis TvalsazrisTa Soris gansxvaveba.
bevri aseTi magaliTis moyvana SeiZleba, sadac naTlad Cans
fsevdo-dionise areopagelis siaxlove prokles filoso-
fiasTan.
i. Stiglmairs moyvanili aqvs uamravi paraleli, rac
TvalnaTliv adasturebs fsevdo-dionisesa da prokles
TvalsazrisTa siaxloves. kerZod, sakiTxi exeba borotebis
ar­se­bobas bunebaSi, eSmakebSi, angelozebSi... rogorc
prok­ lesTan, ise fsevdo-dionisesTan msgavsi azrebia ga­
moTqmuli. avtors vrclad aqvs motanili amonaweri pro­
kles Sromidan borotebis Sesaxeb: romel sagnebSia bo­
roteba? igi rogor miiRweva? saidan momdinareobs?
pirvel kiTxvaze prokles pasuxi aseTia: boroteba
arsad araa, arc sulSi, arc eSmakSi, arc bunebaSi, arc ma-
teriaSi.
meore kiTxvasTan dakavSirebiT prokle wamoWris Sem-
deg sakiTxebs: borotebis sawyisi erTia Tu ramdenime? 2. es
sawyisi RmerTSi unda veZioT, intelgibelurSi Tu sulSi?
3. boroteba ramdenime sawyisidan momdinarebs Tu sxvadasx-
va naklovanebaTa narevia?
amas mosdevs mesame kiTxvasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxe-
bi: 1. rogor arsebobs boroteba? 2. igi sakuTriv ras war-
moadgens? 3. ra mimarTebaSia boroteba sikeTesTan?2
yvela aq CamoTvlili sakiTxis Sedareba fsevdo-dion-
ises `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ me-4 TavTan cxads xdis, rom
areopagitikis avtors es problemebi prokles msgavsad
aqvs gaazrebuli. magram gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom
sikeTeze moZRvrebaSi prokles filosofia mniSvnelovan-
wilad gansazRvrulia plotines msoflmxedvelobiT. fsev-

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~, gv. 33.

1

J. Stiglmayr. dasax. naSr., gv. 260-262.

2

184
do-dionisesa da prokles TvalsazrisTa damTxveva xSirad
erTi wyaroTi (igulisxmeba plotines filosofia) sarge-
blobis Sedegi unda iyos.
S. nucubiZe fsevdo-dionises damsaxurebad miiCnevs si­
keTis absolutizaciisa da borotebis arasubstanciurobis
aRiarebas. es Tvalsazrisi koreqtivs saWiroebs. borotebis
arasubstanciuroba ukve gvxvdeba plotines filosofiaSi.
`plotinesTan boroteba araa absoluturi principi~, magram
`plotine borotebაs mainc uSvebs sikeTis bunebis gamosam-
JRavneblad~ (hegeli). marTebulad SeniSnavs i. Stiglmairi:
dionise asabuTebs, rom borotebas SeuZlebelia mudmivi
arseboba da pozitiuri zemoqmedebis Zala gaaCndes. aq
fsevdo-dionise prokles filosofiidan amodis. sakuTriv
mis damsaxurebad ki unda CaiTvalos am Tvalsazrisis qris-
tianul msoflmxedvelobaSi damkvidreba.

daskvna

platonis filosofiaSi mocemuli sasrulisa da usas-

rulos, erTisa da simravlis, daboloebulisa da daubo-
loebelis mimarTeba SeiTvisa neoplatonurma filosofiam,
sadac garkveuli azriT, daZleulia platonis filosofiis
siZneleebi, rac dakavSirebuli iyo aRniSnul mimarTebeb-
Tan da aRiarebul iqna samyaros mTlianoba emanaciis daS-
vebis safuZvelze.
areopagitul moZRvrebaSi, romelic `damakavSirebeli
rgoli~ iyo antikurobasa da Sua saukuneebs Soris, aris
rogorc platonis, ise plotinesa da prokles filoso-
fiis gavlenis kvali. areopagituli moZRvrebisTvis gan-
sakuTrebuli mniSvneloba plotinesa da prokles filoso-
fias hqonda. magram, ramdenadac neoplatonuri filosofia
platonis msoflmxedvelobidan amodis, amdenad, cxadia,
areopagitikisTvis am ukanasknelis mniSvneloba. platoni

185
areopagitikaSi ZiriTadad neoplatonizmis meSveobiTaa Se-
mosuli.
areopagituli moZRvreba mihyveba rogorc prokles fi-
losofias (azris msvlelobis logikuroba, arsebaTa ganla-
geba srulyofilebis mixedviT, triada, sikeTisa da boro-
tebis mimarTeba, arsebaTa ukudabruneba), ise plotinesas
(pirveli erTis daxasiaTeba, rogorc yvelgan myofisa da
amave dros arsad myofis, sikeTis monizmi da borotebis
arasubstanciuroba, misticizmi...).
zogierT sakiTxSi areopagituli moZRvreba originalu-
ria: sikeTis miRebisas arsebaTa uunarobaze miTiTeba, ar-
sebaTa ukudabrunebisas usulo arsebisadmi adgilis miCena
ierarqiul sistemaSi, borotebis yovelgvari mniSvnelobis
gauqmeba.
proklesa da fsevdo-dionises TvalsazrisTa zogjer
damTxveva gamowveuli unda iyos erTi wyaroTi (plotines
filosofia) sargeblobis Sedegad (umaRlesi erTi, rogorc
pirvelmizezi, sikeTe rogorc yvelafris safuZveli, arse-
baTa warmoSoba srulyofilebis siWarbiT...).

186
 IV Tavi

kapadokiel mamaTa msoflmxedveloba da

areopagitika

areopagituli moZRvrebis Teologiuri wyaroebidan

ganvixiloT kapadokiel mamaTa (basili didi, grigol na-
zianzeli, grigol noseli) msoflmxedvelobebi. kargad
aris cnobili, rom Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi filoso-
fiuri da Teologiuri problematika erTmaneTze isea ga-
dawnuli, rom xSirad ama Tu im moazrovnesTan Zneli xdeba
imis garkveva – Tu sad mTavrdeba Teologia da sad iwyeba
filosofia da, piriqiT.
Sua saukuneebSi, gansakuTrebiT sawyis etapze, RvTisme-
tyvelebi xSirad mimarTavdnen antikur filosofias da mas
sakuTari mizenebisTvis iyenebdnen. am mxriv kapadokiel ma-
maTa msoflmxedveloba am mosazrebis naTeli dadasturebaa.
Sua saukuneebis sawyisi periodis azrovnebis Teolo-
giur da filosofiur problematikasa da maT urTierTmi-
marTebaze saintereso mosazrebebi aqvs gamoTqmuli filo-
sofiis istoriis cnobil mkvlevars frederik koplstons
(1907-1994). sakiTxSi meti sicxadis Setanis mizniT, mizan-
Sewonilad migvaCnia koplstonis mosazrebaTa ZiriTadi mo-
mentebis ganxilva.
f. koplstoni aRniSnul Temaze saubars iwyebs imis aR-
niSvniT, rom mociqulebi dakavebuli iyvnen qristianuli
rwmenis qadagebiT da ara filosofiuri sistemebis damu-
SavebiT. isini miiCnevdnen, rom RvTis saqmeebis mauwyeblebi
iyvnen da ara moazrovneebi, romlebic samyaros saidumlo-

187
ebas wyveten an kidev sakuTari gonebiT adamianuri sico-
cxlis arsis aRmomCenebi arian1. maT winaSe idga ara sakiTxi
imis Sesaxeb, rom adamianur gonebas filosofiuri refle-
qsiebis daxmarebiT SeuZlia realobis gageba, aramed ufro
is, Tu ra gaakeTa RmerTma qristeSi da qristes meSveobiT
RvTis TviTgamocxadebisTvis2.
amis Semdeg saWiro xdeba qristianobis dacva. gamoCnda
marciani aristidis, aTinagoris da agreTve, iustin wame-
bulis Sromebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos filoso-
fiurad, Tumca maTSi gamoyenebulia berZnuli filosofiis
terminebi.
marTalia, qristiani moRvaweebi mtrulad iyvnen ganwyo-
bilni filosofiisadmi, magram es sulac ar niSnavda, rom
isini ar ganicdidnen araqristianuli da iudeuri ideebis
gavlenas. amis naTeli magaliTi iyo tertuliane (daaxl.
160-220), romelic sastikad ebrZoda filosofias. igi aR-
niSnavda, rom aTensa (rogorc filosofiuri centris, – m.
m.) da ierusalims (rogorc religiur centris, – m. m.) So-
ris araferia saerTo. amis miuxedavad, is iRebda da iyene-
bda stoicizmis zogierT ideas3.
f. koplstonis naSromSi yuradRebas imsaxurebs is ad-
gili, sadac mocemulia qristiani moRvaweebis mxridan an-
tikuri filosofiis warmomadgenelTa, gansakuTrebiT pla-
tonis maRali Sefaseba. maTi azriT, zogierTi warmarTi
avtori sxvebze adre mivida iudevelebisa da qristianebis
mier aRiarebul religiur WeSmaritebasTan. ase magaliTad,
iseTi avtori, rogoric iyo platoni daesesxa Zvel aRTqmas.
sxva qristiani avtorebi ki aRniSnavdnen, rom RvTaebrivma
sityvam, logosma, romelic anaTebs yvela adamians, saSu-
aleba misca filosofosebs – zogierTs metad, zogierTs
naklebad, religiuri da zneobrivi WeSmaritebis daufle-

1
Ф. Коплстон. История средневековой философии. М., 1997, gv. 28.
2
iqve.
3
iqve, gv. 30.

188
bisTvis1. avtoris saintereso SeniSvniT, `SemoTavazebuli
iyo Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmadac iudevelebi gons mo-
egnen kanonisa da winaswarmetyvelTa wyalobiT, xolo ber-
Znebi, marTalia, ufro naklebad – filosofiis meSveobiT.
erTi mxriv, kanonma da winaswarmetyvelebma, xolo filoso-
fiam – meore mxriv, winaswar ganWvrites saxareba~2.
aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT berZnuli filosofia ueWve-
lad garkveuli dadebiTi Rirebulebis Semcveli iyo, mag­
ram imave ueWvelobiT, Tuki filosofias ganvixilavdiT
moraluri da religiuri WeSmaritebebis Ziebad, an kidev
xsnis gzad, igi Tavis funqcias dakargavda3.
f. koplstonis azriT, samyaros Semqmnelisa da agreTve,
adamianis saboloo miznis Ziebam qristianul religiaSi mi-
zans miaRwia. am gzaze logikuri da filosofiuri katego-
riebi Teologiis mier SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes, rogorc
iaraRi.
Semdeg f. koplstoni laparakobs im avtorebze (ius-
tin wamebuli, kliment aleqsandrieli, origene), romlebic
dadebiTad afaseben filosofias, gansakuTrebiT plato-
nizms4. ase magaliTad, kliment aleqsandrieli filosofias
dadebiTad afasebda da mas miiCnevda qristianobis mosa-
mzadeblad; rogorc adre iustin wamebuli, ise klimenti
miiCnevdnen, rom berZeni filosofosebi daesesxnen Zvel
aRTqmas da Semdgom amaxinjebdnen imas, rac isesxes5. amas-
Tan, klimentis azriT, berZenma filosofosebma, gansaku-
TrebiT platonma, WeSmaritebis Sesaxeb garkveul codnas
miaRwia RvTaebrivi logosidan momdinare gamobrwyinebis
wyalobiT. `amis garda, klimenti filosofiur spekulacias
miiCnevda qristianuli sibrZnisTvis ara ubralod momza-

1
Ф. Коплстон. dasax. naDSr., gv. 30.
2
iqve.
3
iqve.
4
iqve, gv. 31.
5
iqve.

189
debas, aramed am sibrZnis miRwevis, gagebisa da ganxilvis
iaraRadac~1.
kliment aleqsandrieli, rogorc koplstoni aRniSnavs,
maRal Sefasebas aZlevda berZnul filosofias. magram isic
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom kliments `berZnuli filosofia
ainteresebda ara TavisTavad, aramed rogorc qristiano-
bisTvis momzadeba~2. klimenti, antikurobis sxva qristian
mwerlebTan erTad WeSmarit filosofosad miiCnevda qris-
tian moazrovnes, xolo qristianobas – namdvil `filoso-
fiad~ da sibrZned3.
f. koplstoni gansakuTrebiT gamoyofs origenes mso-
flmxedvelobas, romelic iyo mtkice da mgznebare qris-
tiani da amave dros, midrekileba hqonda spekulaturi
azrovnebisken, ris gamoc misi moZRvrebis zogierTi deta-
li araorTodoqsulad CaTvales.
origene samyaros Semoqmeds miiCnevda erTad, romelic
TavisTavad aris sikeTe4. origenes azriT, Seqmna, qmnadoba
aris RvTaebisgan, misi bunebidan aucileblobiT momdina-
re sikeTis gadacema, anu gavrceleba. Seqmnisas Suamavali
aris logosi, romelic Tavis TavSi Seicavs Seqmnis ideebs
an maradiul saxeebs, RvTaebis gonebaSi arsebul arqetipe-
bs, romelTanac origene aigivebs samebis meore opostazs
– sityvas. ramdenadac sulis platonuri idea iTvleba su-
liwmidaze qristianuli moZRvrebis miaxloebiT gamoxatu-
lebad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom `origene qristianul rwmenas
samebaze neoplatonuri (anu ufro sworad saSualo pla-
tonizmis) ierarqiis Suqze gadmoscemda, e. i. ukanasknels
iyenebda pirvelis gasagebad~5.

1
Ф. Коплстон. dasax. naDSr., gv. 31-32.
2
iqve, gv. 32.
3
iqve.
4
iqve, gv. 33.
5
iqve.

190
 aq, vfiqrobT, koplstoni bolomde ar ambobs saTqmels,
kerZod, neoplatonizmis did rolze qristianuli, gansaku-
TrebiT origenes msoflmxedvelobis Camoyalibebaze.
f. koplstonis azriT, origenes zogierTi Teoria yo-
velTvis ar aris bibliasTan SesabamisobaSi. amas Tavisi ax-
sna aqvs masTan. origene erTmaneTisgan asxvavebda bibliis
sxvadasxvanair ganmartebas. misi azriT, wminda werilis
pirdapiri, sityvasityviT ganmarteba adamianuri doneebze
yvelaze dabal – Cveulebriv, xorciel dones Seesabameba,
– xolo SedarebiT maRali done sulis dones, xolo wminda
werilis alegoriuli ganmarteba Seesabameba adamianSi gon-
ebis dones1.
wminda werilis alegoriuli ganmarteba ar yofila siax-
le. am xerxs ufro adre farTod iyenebda filoni. magram,
koplstonis azriT, origenes damsaxureba iyo is, rom igi
bibliis filosofiuri, anu spekulaturi ganmartebis far-
To perspeqtivas saxavda. origene filosofiis meSveobiT
qristianul spekulatur Teologias aviTarebs. `sakuTriv
TviTon Tvlida, rom aviTarebda qristianul `filosofias~
(mis mier gagebuls, rogorc sibrZnes), romlis Semamzade-
beli iyo araqristianuli filosofia~2.
f. koplstonis naSromidan kargad Cans Tu ra mWidro
urTierToba iyo Sua saukuneebis sawyis etapze filoso-
fiasa da Teologias Soris. es ganwyoba SenarCunebuli
iyo momdevno saukuneebSi, miT umetes erTi-ori saukunis
Semdeg, rac naTlad mJRavndeba kapadokieli mamebis mso-
flmxedvelobebTan areopagituli moZRvrebis damokide-
bulebaSi.

Ф. Коплстон. dasax. naDSr., gv. 33-34.

1

iqve, gv. 34.

2

191
 $1. basili didi

basili didi (330-379) Tavisi moRvaweobis pirvel xaneb-

Si grigol nazianzelTan (329-390) erTad ganudga miwier
cxovrebas, magram maTi asketizmi didxans ar gagrZele-
bula, wers wminda mamebisa da eklesiis maswavleblebis
cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sromebis avtori f. farari. am
xnis ganmavlobaSi megobrebma, origenes (185-235/254) moZ-
Rvrebaze damyarebiT, Seqmnes erTob Rirebuli wigni `mSve­
nierebis siyvarulze~1. es wigni naTlad metyvelebs, Tu ra
STabeWdileba mouxdenia origenes eklesiis am or mamaze.
grigol nazianzeli daxmarebia basils saeklesio wesdebis
SedgenaSi, romelic gaxda aRmosavleTis bevri monastris
kodeqsi2.
basili didis praqtikuli moRvaweobidan gansakuTrebiT
aRniSnaven mis brZolas eretikosebis winaaRmdeg. f. farari
wers, rom sozomenis azriT, – basili rom ara, evnomesa da
apolinaris eresebi helespontidan egviptemde gavrcelde-
boda3.

1. basili didis msoflmxedvelobis Sefaseba

mkvlevarTa erTi nawili ioane petriwis `ganmarteba¡s~

bolosityvaobis wyarod miiCnevs basili didis Txzulebas
`dawyebisaT¢s solomonis igavTa¡sa~. sakuTriv petriwi Ta-
visi Txzulebis bolosityvaobaSi basili dids miiCnevs did
praqtikos moRvawed. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa bolosi-

1
Ф. Фаррар. Жизнь и труды св. отцов и учителей церкви. С-Петербург,
1891, gv. 399.
2
Targmnilia qarTulad da Sesulia wignSi – `didi sjulis
kanoni~. Tb., 1975. dawvrilebiT ix. basili kesarielis `swav­
laTa~ efTvime aToneliseuli Targmani. Tb., 1983, gv. 06-09; e.
xin­­
TibiZe. qarTul-berZnuli literaturuli urTierTobis
istoriidan. Tb., 1982, gv. 209-211.
3
iqve, gv. 458.

192
tyvaobis is adgili, sadac saubari exeba basili didis az-
rovnebis siRrmes: `gina vin iyo egeoden filosofosobiTa,
ese igi ars ravdeni ra¡ ars saqmiTi da ravdeni mxedvelo-
biTi filosofosobisa, vis aqunda egeodeni da ravdeni
STamovals sityv¢erTa moqmedebaTa mosaCleobisaT¢s da
winaaRmdgomobiTTa winadadebaTa da gamosaCinebelTaT¢s,
romelsaca ganmsityuelobiTad £elovnebad saxelsdeben~1.
ioane petriwi aRniSnavs, rom grigol nazianzelma Ta-
vis megobars – basils filosofosoba miawera, vinaidan
yvelaferi, rasac filosofia gulisxmobs, man WeSmarit
gzaze daayena: `rameTu filosofosoba¡ anu bunebiT-metyve-
lebs da iTqumis mxedvelobiTad; anu qcevaTa da Cveule-
baTa Seamkobs da iTqumis saqmiTad; anu sity¢erobiTTa wi-
naaRmdegomobiT winadadebaTaT¢s STamovals, romelTa mier
Sehmzadebs vidreme Sesaty¢ssa sjulTa T¢sTasa da ra¡ca
igi enebos, xolo ukun aqcevs winaaRmdgomTasa da iwo-
debis winaaRdgoma¡ metyuelebiTad da ganmsityuelobiTad.
ese yovelnio, ity¢s, warmarTna didman b a s i l m a n ~.2 aqve
petriwi wers, rom grigol nazianzelis Tanaxmad, basili
didma `varskvlavT-mricxuelobis~ (astronomia), `queynis-
mzomelobisa~ (geometria) da `mricxuelobiTisagan~ (ariT-
metika) bevri aiRo, xolo danarCeni, rac qristianisTvis
aragamosadegia, ukuagdo, maT Soris `varskulavTTxzva¡~
(astrologia).
ioane petriwi aRniSnavs basili didis kreacionistul
ideebzec. man uaryo xiluli sinamdvilis RmerTTan erTad
maradiuli arseboba: `xolo ese romel vina¡Tgan simrgule
ra¡me gare urbis zecierTa, ese igi ars mnaTobierTa moZ-
raobaTa, da mrgulisa sawyi ver £elis-£el misawTomel ars
grZnobisa Cuenisagan, amisaT¢s udasawyisod maTgan meWue-
loba¡ da mgonebloba¡ xilulisa amis soflisa¡ da RmrTisa

1
ioane petriwi. ganmarteba¡ proklesaT¢s diadoxosisa da
platonurisa filosofiisaT¢s. Sromebi. Tb., 1937, II t. gv. 224.
2
iqve.

193
Tana samaradiso ese da ravdenni ese viTarni siCqurni arian
maTni, ganyarna da ganagevna~1. sayuradReboa is, rom ioane
petriwi, romelic RmerTisa da samyaros mimarTebis sakiTx-
Si neoplatonuri filosofiis tradiciis gamgrZelebelia,
ese igi, RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis Tvalsazriss
aRiarebs, aRniSnul sakiTxze basili didis misTvis miuReb-
el Tvalsazriss ukritikod gadmoscems. es ki kvlav xazs
usvams im garemoebas, Tu ra didi yuradRebiTa da pativ-
iscemiT sargeblobda basili didi qarTul sinamdvileSi.
h. riteri aRniSnavs, rom basili didisa da grigol
nazianzelis swavleba aTenSi neoplatonizmis niSniT mim-
dinareobda. avtori kapadokieli mamebidan gansakuTrebiT
aqebs grigol nosels. riteri did yuradRebas aqcevs im
faqts, rom kapadokieli mamebi iyenebdnen platonis, aris-
totelesa da origenes msoflmxedvelobebs2.
v. loskis azriT, kapadokielebi (basili da orive
grigoli) meryeoben RmerTis Semecnebadobisa da misi
gamoxatulebis TvalsazrisTa Soris. jer kidev basili di­
di, – aRniSnavs v. loski, – amtkicebda RmerTis arsebis mi-
uRwevlobas da amasTan, misgan asxvavebda RmerTis arsebis
`moqmedebebs~, romlebic Cvenamde eSveba da romlebSic
RmerTis Secnoba xdeba3. v. loskis Tvalsazrisi sayuradRe-
boa im mxrivac, rom kapadokielTa Semoqmedebis Sefasebis
garda, is iZleva maT msoflmxedvelobasTan areopagituli
moZRvrebis damokidebulebis analizs. kerZod, v. loskis
azriT, – areopagelma erTmaneTisgan gayo dadebiTi da
uaryofiTo Teologia. neoplatonikosebisa da origenes-
gan gansxvavebiT, romlebTanac dadebiTi da uaryofiTi
Teologia ar upirispirdeba erTmaneTs, areopagitikis av-

1
ioane petriwi. dasax. naSr., gv. 224.
2
H. Ritter. Geschichte der christlichen Philosophie. Hamburg, 1841, Th.II, gv.
81, 83-84.
3
В. Лосский. Отрицательное богословие в учении Дионисия Ареопагита.
Прага, 1929, gv. 134.

194
tori uaryofs RmerTis yovelgvar gansazRvrebas1. amasTan,
agrZelebs v. loski, klimenti aleqsandrielisa da kapadok-
ielebisgan gansxvavebiT, dionise areopageli icavs saRmrTo
saxelebis realur mniSvnelobas, riTac afuZnebs dadeb-
iT Teologias2. v. loskis saboloo azri are­ opagitikaSi
dadebiTi da uaryofiTi Teologiis damokidebulebis Ses-
axeb aseTia: RmerTis uaryofiTi Semecneba, rogorc ufro
srulyofili, upirispirdeba dadebiTs3.
aqve, v. loskis Tvalsazrisi dazustebas saWiroebs. jer
erTi, areopagitikaSi aRiarebulia, rom RmerTis dadebiTi
da uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba erTmaneTs ar ewinaaRmdegeba,
ramdenadac RmerTi am daxasiaTebaze maRla dgas4. meorec:
ar aris marTebuli arc is azri, TiTqos areopagitikis av-
tori icavdes saRvTo saxelebis realur mniSvnelobas, ris
safuZvelzec, rogorc v. loski aRniSnavs, fuZndeba dadeb-
iTi Teologia. areopagitikaSi saRvTo saxelebi, kerZod,
is predikatebi, romlebiTac RmerTs vaxasiaTebT, sinamd-
vileSi ar Seesabameba RmerTis WeSmarit bunebas. isini sab-
olood `aramsgavsi msgavsebebia~ da RmerTamde amaRleba
maSinaa SesaZlebeli, roca am predikatebs Cven `aramsgavs
msgavsebebad~ CavTvliT.5
v. loskis daskvniT, fsevdo-dionise Tavisi `RvTaebri-
vi SeerTebiTa da dayofiT~, RmerTis `zearsebiTi bunebiT~
da misi `warmoSobiTa~ da `ZaliT~ amTavrebs didi kapad-
okielebis da amave dros, gnostikosebisa da neoplatoni-
kosebis moZRvrebaTa Ziebebs. RmerTis Zalisa da arsebis
gansxvavebiT, is amtkicebs saRvTo saxelebis realuro-
basa da RmerTis wvdomis SesaZleblobas, romelsac kapa-
dokielebi mxolod miuaxlovdnen Teofaniis moZRvrebaSi.

1
В. Лосский. dasax. naSr., gv. 134.
2
iqve, gv. 135.
3
iqve, gv. 138.
4
areopagitika. `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~. gv. 108.
5
iqve.

195
amasTan, ganagrZobs v. loski, fsevdo-dionisem RvTaebri-
vi gauyoflobis aRiarebiT, saxeldobr imiT, rom RmerTi
ganuyoflad da dauSlelad imyofeba yvela ZalaSi, gaauqma
neoplatonuri moZRvreba emanaciaze1.
v. loskis arc es azri unda iyos marTebuli, vinaidan
areopagitikaSi RmerTis ganuyoflad da dauSlelad yofna
arsebebSi, plotines filosofiidan modis da amdenad, aq
areopagitikis avtori agrZelebs neoplatonur tradicias
da ara, piriqiT2.
kapadokieli mamebis msoflmxedvelobaze sayuradRe-
bo mosazrebebi aqvs gamoTqmuli g. maiorovs. basili di-
dis Se­saxeb igi aRniSnavs, rom bibliis komentirebisas is,
amave dros, zrunavda saRvTo werilis azris ganmtkice-
baze warmarTi avtoritetebiT, rogoric iyo, magaliTad,
platoni3. magram avtoris SeniSvniT, basili bibliis iseT
komentarebs ar uSvebda, rogorsac grigol nazianze­
li da grigol noseli: `swored maT Sesaxeb, SemdgomSi
ki fsevdo-dioniseze, yvela uflebiT SeiZleba vilapara-
koT, rogorc qristian neoplatonikosebze. aRvniSnavT,
rom kapadokielebis msoflmxedveloba warmoadgenda neop­
la­tonur-qristianuli sinTezis pirvel ganviTarebul
formas~4.
sayuradReboa g. maiorovis is Tvalsazrisi, romlis
Tanaxmad, basilTan RmerTi jer materias ki ar qmnis da
misgan konkretul sagnebs, aramed RmerTi pirdapir qmnis
konkretul sagnebs, romlebic Seicavs aqtiursa da pasiur

1
В. Лосский. dasax. naSr., gv. 13. v. loskis am Tvalsazrisze
damyarebiT. areopagitika v. biCkovs araneoplatonurad miaCnia.
ix В. Бычков. Из истории византийской эстетики. «Византийский
временник», М., 1976, т. 37, gv. 161-191.
2
areopagitikis es adgili emanaciis damadastureblad miaCnia
germanel mkvlevar T. qristlibs. ix. Th. Christlieb. Leben und Lehre
des Ioh. Scotus Erigena. Cotha, 1860, gv. 24, 51.
Г. Майоров. Формирование средневековой философии. М., 1979, gv.149.
3

iqve, gv. 150.

4

196
mxareebs. aqve, basili uaryofs plotines Tvalsazriss ma-
teriis RmerTTan erTad maradiulad arsebobis Sesaxeb1.
g. maiorovi basili didis msoflmxedvelobaSi xedavs
neoplatonizmis gavlenas. kerZod, basilis mier arsis
dayofa RvTaebrivad, intelgibelurad da grZnobadad gva-
gonebs plotines ierarqiul sistemas – erTi, nusi da suli.
qarTvel avtorTa gamokvlevebSi, romelic Sua sauku-
neebis filosofiis istoriis problemebs exeba, naCvenebia
dasavleTsa da bizantias Soris gansxvaveba antikurobis
aTvisebaSi. Tuki dasavleTSi platonis moZRvrebis aTvise-
ba da aRorZineba warmarTuli neoplatonizmis saxiT dai-
wyo, bizantiaSi es procesi qristianuli neoplatonizmis
safuZvelze xdeboda. eklesiis mamebis moRvaweoba dasav-
leTSi patristikiT ganviTarda, aRmosavleTSi – `wminda
mamebis~, anu `eklesiis mnaTobTa~ moRvaweobiT. `maSasadame,
am periodis bizantiuri filosofiis specifikuri ganmasx-
vavebeli niSani iyo bizantiaSi neoplatonizmis imTaviTve
qristianuli formiT gavrceleba da wminda mamaTa moR-
vaweobis daqvemdebareba marTlmadidebluri rwmenisadmi
dasavleTis kaTolicizmisagan gansxvavebiT~2. statiis av-
toris, meri WeliZis (1923-2011) azriT, sami didi kapado­
kieli `...filosofiaSi platonis xazis damcvelebi arian
da masze afuZneben qristianul orTodoqsul dogmatikas
eretikosebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi~3. aRniSnulia agreTve,
rom am sam moRvawesTan jer kidev Zlieri iyo antikuri az-
rovnebisadmi, warmarTuli antikuri filosofiisadmi erT-
guleba.
rogorc am mimoxilvidan vnaxeT, kapadokieli moRvawe­
ebis msoflmxedvelobebSi filosofiuri nakadi jer kidev
Zlieria. maTTan Teologiuri problematikis gverdiT,

1
Г. Майоров. dasax. naSr., gv. 152.
2
Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. Tb., 1981, I
nawili, gv. 119.
3
iqve.

197
mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia filosofiur Tvalsazriss. es
ki, kidev erTxel cxadyofs, rom am epoqaSi filosofiisa
da Teologiis mkacri gamijvna gamarTlebuli ar aris. amas
adasturebs kapadokieli mamebis mimarTeba platonisa da
neoplatonikosebis filosofiasTan, erTi mxriv, da, meo-
re mxriv, maT SemoqmedebasTan areopagituli moZRvrebis
damokidebuleba.

2. areopagitikis mimarTeba basili didis msoflmxed-

velobasTan
basili didisa da areopagituli moZRvrebis mimarTebis
garkvevisas Cven SevexebiT moZRvrebas Sesaqmesa da sikeTisa
da borotebis damokidebulebaze.
Sesaqme. basili didis `equsTa dReTa¡~-Si specialuri
traqtati eZRvneba samyaros Seqmnas. marTalia, sxva naS-
romebSic Cans basilis pozicia Sesaqmis Taobaze, magram
`equsTa dReTa¡~-Si misi Tvalsazrisi amomwuravadaa gad-
mocemuli. sakuTriv `equsTa dReTa¡~ warmoadgens bibliis
wignebis (dabadeba, I-III) basiliseul komentarebs.
Txzulebis SesavalSi basili imowmebs mose winaswar­
metyvels, romlis Tanaxmadac, `RmerTman dahbada ca¡ da
queyana¡~. Semdeg basili ganmartebas aZlevs damowmebul
azrs. am ganmartebaSi basili saubrobs sibrZniT Seqmnaze
(dabadebaze): `da vadidebdeT [£elovan]sa mas ganmamzadeb-
elsa, romelman-igi dahbada sibrZniT da [guli]s£mavyoT
Suenieri igi Suenierisagan xilulisa...~1.
zemoaRniSnuls cxadad adasturebs basili didis msje­
loba RmerTis mier qveynisa da cis Seqmnaze. qveyana da ca
`ganumzadebeli~ iyo da RmerTma Seqmna isini. aqve basili
ganmartavs `ganmzadebulis~ cnebas, rac niSnavs mcenare-
Ta aRmocenebas, yvavilTa da surnelebaTa arsebobas da
a.S. yvelaferi es RmerTis nebiT xdeba, amitomac, rac ma-

uZvelesi redaqciebi basili kesarielis `equsTa dReTa¡sa~ da

1

grigol noselis `kacisa agebulebisaT¢s~. Tb., 1964, gv. 29.

198
namde arsebobda, ese igi, manamde arsebul qveyanas ewodeba
`ganumzadebeli~: `da esreT vityodiT cisaT¢s, viTarmed
ganumzadeb[el iyo~]1. aq, pirvel rigSi, yuradReba unda
mieqces imas, rom basili `ganmzadebulSi~ cocxal sinamd-
viles gulisxmobs, xolo `ganumzadebelSi~ imas, rac, ma-
namde arsebobda.
basili didi Seqmnis cnebaSi ukve arsebuli sinamd-
vilis wesrigSi moyvanas xom ar gulisxmobs? am eWvs
aZlierebs basilis Semdegi azric: `viTar o[rnive] swor
arian dabadebulobiT~2. rogorc vxedavT, basili aRiarebs
`queynisa~ da `cis~ srulqmnas, rac imas niSnavs, rom, Tu
misive sityvebiT vityviT, RmerTma `ganumzadebeli~ qvey-
ana da ca `ganmzadebulad~ aqcia, ese igi, srulyofili
gaxada, wesrigSi moiyvana, es ki ewinaaRmdegeba – samyaros
arafrisgan Seqmnis religiur Tvalsazriss – kreacionizms,
romelic ase damaxasiaTebelia saerTod basili didis Semo-
qmedebisTvis.
rogor unda SeuTanxmdes basilis es azri mis saerTo
pozicias Sesaqmis sakiTxSi? udavoa, rom Sesaqmis sakiTxSi
basili didis Sexedulebebi Sinagani winaaRmdegobis Sem-
cvelia, rac Sua saukuneebis religiur-filosofiuri az-
rovnebis warmomadgenelTaTvis arcTu ise iSviaTi movlena
iyo. konkretulad, es winaaRmdegoba basili didTan riT
unda iyos ganpirobebuli? upirvelesad albaT imiT, rom
basili didi, iseve rogorc grigol nazianzeli da grigol
noseli, ganicdis antikuri filosofiis, kerZod, platoni-
sa da neoplatonikosebis gavlenas. gasaTvaliswinebelia
isic, rom zogierTi mkvlevari (h. riteri, v. loski, m. spe-
ranski, g. maiorovi) xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom `equsTa dRe-
Ta¡~ dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis mecnierebis monapovars
emyareba, ris gamoc am Txzulebas `mecnierul enciklope-
diasac~ ki uwodeben (m. speranski).

uZvelesi redaqciebi ..., gv. 30.

1

iqve.
2

199
 rac zemoT iTqva, basili didis SemoqmedebaSi ufro
erTi epizodia, vidre saerTo tendenciis gamoxatuleba.
basilis Semoqmedebis saerTo tendencia ki kreacionistu-
lia. basili, roca `ganumzadebeli~ qveynidan `ganmzadebu-
lis~ srulqmnaze saubrobs, iqve aRniSnavs: `xolo RmerT-
man pirvelad yovlisa xilulisa¡ raJams ineba da izraxa,
ra¡Tamca qmnna araarsni da viTar iyos sofeli ese, zrax-
vasave Sina T¢ssa Seqmna si£Soi igi samkauliTa T¢siTa~1.
rogorc vxedavT, basili aRiarebs im azrs, romlis Tanax-
madac RmerTi Tavisi neba-surviliT qmnis yvelafers. es
kidev erTxel cxads xdis Sesaqmis sakiTxSi basili didis
msoflmxedvelobis kreacionistul xasiaTs.
bibliur Tqmulebas – `da Tqua RmerTman: iyavn naTe-
li~, basili didi aseT ganmartebas urTavs: `pirvelman £ma-
man RmrTisaman dahbada Sueniereba¡ naTlisa¡ da qmna naTe-
li, Semusra mwuxroba¡ da gamoaCina Sueniereba¡ da Seamko
yovelive, myis moiRo xilva¡ sawadeli da ca¡ igi, romeli
iyo dafarul bneliTa, gamoCnda~2. aqac, rogorc vxedavT,
Seqmna xdeba RmerTis neba-surviliT.
basilis azriT, RmerTis sityvas – `iyavn naTeli~,
umal mohyveba sityvis saqmed qceva da, amasTan, RmerTis
saqme iseTia, rasac ver miswvdeba adamianis azri: `i y a v n -
n a T e l i da iqmna brZaneba¡ igi [saqme]d: iqmna buneba¡ igi,
romel ara¡ umSvenieres ars missa saSuebelad, romelsa ver
miswuTebis zraxva¡ kacobrivi~3.
saintereso ganmartebas aZlevs wm. basili gamoTqmebs –
`£ma¡ uflisa¡~ da RmerTis `sityua¡ anu brZaneba¡~. basilis
SeniSvniT, RmerTis xma, raRac WurWlidan gamosuli eqos
msgavsia. aq yovelTvis RmerTis ganzraxva, neba-survili
igulisxmeba: `da raJams vTquT, viTarmed £ma¡ uflisa¡,
gina sityva¡ anu brZaneba¡, ara Tu amas vity¢T, viTarmed

1
uZvelesi redaqciebi ..., gv. 31.
2
iqve, gv. 36-37.
3
iqve, gv. 37.

200
£ma¡ ra¡me gamoval WurWlisagan m£mobarisa, da arca es-
reT gulis£ma-vhyofT, viTarmed sityua¡ RmrTeebisa¡ ars
haeri, romel scems enasa Sina, aramed midrekasa zraxvisa
misisasa vity¢T £mad, viTarca saqmesa gulis£mis-yofisaT¢s
moswavleTa¡sa~1. aq Zneli ar unda iyos imis gageba, rom
basili didis ganmartebis mizans Seadgens RmerTis moq-
medebis Sesaxeb kreacionistuli Tvalsazrisis ganmtkiceba.
amis naTeli dadasturebaa basilis mosazreba imis Taobaze,
rom Cven RmerTis xmaze, sityvasa da brZanebaze gadataniTi
mniSvnelobiT vlaparakobT da sinamdvileSi es aRniSnavs
RmerTis ganzraxvasa da neba-survils.
sayuradReboa agreTve basilis ukve aRniSnuli Tval-
sazrisi: `da iqmna igi brZaneba¡ saqmed~. Tu gaviTval-
iswinebT, rom RmerTis xma, sityva, brZaneba, basilis
mixedviT, mis ganzraxvas niSnavs, maSin cxadi gaxdeba, rom
basilTan brZa­nebis saqmed qceva, gulisxmobs RmerTis gan-
zraxvis sisruleSi moyvanas. maSasadame, sakmarisia Rmer-
Tma ganizraxos, moisurvos, rom Sesabamisi aqtic ganxor-
cieldes. aseTi ram ki damaxasiaTebelia transcendenturad
gagebuli RmerTi-subieqtisTvis. am saxiTaa warmodgenili
RmerTi bibliaSi da basili didi amis Sesabamis ganmartebas
aZlevs.
`equsTa dReTa¡~-Si basili did komentarebs ukeTebs
bibliur gamoTqmebs: `da ixila RmerTman naTeli igi, ra-
meTu keTil ars~, `da ganaSora RmerTman Soris naTlisa mis
da Soris bnelisa~ (dabadeba 1,40) da `da uwoda RmerTman
naTelsa mas dRe da bnelsa mas uwoda Rame~ (dabadeba 1,5).
basili sxvadasxva Sedarebis safuZvelze daaskvnis, rom
RmerTis sikeTe gulisxmobs imas, rom misgan sargebels mi-
iRebs nakleb srulyofilni arsebanic `da wameba¡ igi Rmer-
Tisa¡ keTilisaT¢s ara Tual[Ta] mixedvisa SendomisaT¢s
oden ars, aramed sargeblisaT¢s, romelsa miiwio misgan

uZvelesi redaqciebi ..., gv. 37.

1

201
ukuana¡sknel, rameTu jereT arRa iyvnes Tualni vrm///
naTlisasa~1.
rac Seexeba bibliur Tqmulebas RmerTis mier naTlisa
da bnelis gancalkevebaze, basilis azriT, RmerTma Seqmna
urTierTsawinaaRmdego movlenebi Seurevlad: `...igi ars,
viTarmed Seqmna buneba¡ maTi winaaRmdgom erTmaneTisa da
Seurevel da ganaSora Soris maTsa ganSorebiTa SoriTa~2. aq
yuradReba unda mieqces Semdeg moments: Tuki adre basili
didis TvalsazrisSi cisa da qveynis Seqmnaze, garkveuli
azriT, arsebulTa wesrigSi moyvana SeiZleboda amogve-
kiTxa (ramdenadac maSin SeqmnaSi basili `ganumzadeblis~,
mouwesrigeblis RmerTis meSveobiT `ganmzadebulad~, mow-
esrigebulad gadaqcevas gulisxmobda), aq ukve cxadad Cans,
rom iseTi sayovelTao da bunebrivi movlena, rogoricaa
sinaTle da sibnele, basils RmerTis nebiT dakanonebulad
miaCnia.
es azri dasturdeba basilis SexedulebaSi dRisa da Ra-
mis damokidebulebaze. basilis Tanaxmad, mzisgan haeri aris
naTeli, xolo meore naxevari aris Crdili da es aris Rame.
magram es ise ar unda gavigoT, rom dRe da Rame mzis moZ-
raobiT iyos gamowveuli. yvelaferi es ganpirobebulia Se-
qmnilis sinaTliT: `xolo maSin ara ZrviTa mzisa¡Ta iyo dRe
da Rame, aramed warm///en///a naTlisa/// dabadebulisa¡Ta~3.
rogorc vxedavT, aqac, sayovelTaod cnobili bunebrivi
movlena – dedamiwis brunva Tavisi RerZis garSemo, rac
ganapirobebs dRisa da Ramis arsebobas, basilis mier ax-
snilia, rogorc SeqmnilTa sinaTlis safuZvelze. ese igi,
dResa da Rames araferi kavSiri ar aqvs mzesTan. rac Se-
exeba dRisa da Ramis faqtis axsnas SeqmnilTa sinaTliT, es
azri sabolood RmerTamde midis, radganac Seqmnilic da
misi sinaTlec RmerTis mieraa Seqmnili da bunebrivia, Tuki

1
uZvelesi redaqciebi ..., gv. 38.
2
iqve.
3
iqve.

202
Seqmnilis sinaTle ganapirobebs dRisa da Ramis arsebobas,
maSin isev RmerTia yvelaferi amis mizezi.
bibliaSi (`dabadeba~ 1,6) aRniSnulia: `da Tqua RmerT-
man: iyavn samyaro¡ ganSorebul Soris wyalTa da wyalTa~.
basili yuradRebas aqcevs am bibliur TqmulebaSi im mo-
ments – Tu ratom da ra mizeziT Seqmna RmerTma samyaro:
`guesma guSin sity¢sagan RmrTisa: i y a v n n a T e l i , da
dRes guesma, viTarmed i y a v n s a m y a r o ¡ da amas Jams
sagonebel ars, viTarmed SesZina ra¡me sityuasa, rameTu
ar daSTa sityua¡ igi mciriTa saqmiTa, aramed moaswava
mizezsa samyaro¡sasa da Tqua, ra¡Ta g a n a S o r o s S o -
ris wyalT ­ a d a w y a l T a ~1. aq wm. basils imis Tqma
unda, rom RmerTma samyaro imisTvis gaaCina, rom wyali
da xmeleTi erTmaneTisgan gaecalkevebina. eWvgareSea, rom
basili samyaroSi dedamiwas gulisxmobs. swored dedami-
wis xmeleTis meSveobiTaa wylebi erTmaneTisgan gayofili.
amasTan, basilis es azri, adasturebs sxvadasxva mkvlevar-
Ta mosazrebas `equsTa dReTa~-s Sesaxeb, rom es Txzuleba
iTvaliswinebs imdroindeli mecnierebis ukanasknel monap-
ovars.
basili didis azriT, `dahbada RmerTman naTeli da
dahbada RmerTman samyaro~. amiT dasabamad gaaCina ca da
qveyana, aRniSnuls ukavSirdeba sakiTxi cis warmoSobaze.
basili ayenebs kiTxvebs: – pirvelad gaCnda ca Tu ara?
SeiZleba Tu ara, iyos ori ca? am kiTxvebze pasuxis ga-
cemisas, basili akritikebs antikur filosofias. cis Ses-
axeb msjelobisas, basili cas samyaros uigivebs: `...ukueTu
samyaro¡ ese, romelsa ewoda ca¡, ars igi ca¡, romeli-igi
pirvelad daebada, anu ara? gina Tu orni cani ariana, anu
ara?~2. roca basili caTa simravlis sakiTxze msjelobs, ma-
Sin faqtobrivad mis winaSe dgas arsis simravlis sakiTxi,
radganac igi xom cas samyarosTan aigivebs? aqedan ki cxa-

uZvelesi redaqciebi ..., gv. 40.

1

iqve, gv. 41.

2

203
dia, Tu igi ratom akritikebs ase mkacrad imaT, vinc erT
cas (ese igi, erT arss, erT samyaros) aRiarebs.
basili didis Tanaxmad, `rameTu ity¢an igini, viTarmed
– ca¡ erTi arso, da ver SemZlebel ars bunebasa missa,
ra¡Tamca iyo meore, anu mesame, anu mravalia, rameTu nivTi
igi misi yoveli wargebul ars arsebasa Sina missao~1. vinc
cis simravles uaryofs, ambobs basili, maTTvis samyaro (ca)
mrgvalia, usasruloa da rogor SeiZleba mis Semdeg iyos
meore da mesameo? amgvar azrebs basili mcdarad miiCnevs.
aRniSnuli Tvalsazrisis kritikisas basils mxedvelo-
baSi unda hyavdes eleaturi metafizikis warmomadgenlebi,
romelTac erTi arsi aRiares da Tanac igi daaxasiaTes, ro-
gorc sferoseburi. Tumca, aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom basili
yvela warmarT moazrovnes rodi akritikebs, radganac, mis-
ive SeniSvniT, maT Soris bevria, romelic mraval casa da
mraval sofels aRiarebda.
rac Seexeba azrs imis Taobaze, rom mravali cis ar-
sebobis dasabuTeba SeuZlebelia, basils es mosazreba sa-
sacilod miaCnia da maT sawinaaRmdegod ori an orze meti
cis arsebobas aRiarebs. `da sityua¡ ukue igi maTi, romelsa
ity¢an, viTarmed v e r S e s a Z l e b e l a r s o, sacinels
ars igi. xolo Cuen, daRacaTu SeviwynarebT orTa caTa,
veZiebT mesamesaca, romelsa-igi xilvad Rirs iqmna wmida¡
pavle (II kor. 12,2) da fsalmunman, raJams c a n i moa£senna
(fs. 148), moaswava, viTarmed mraval arian igini~2. aqac
ueWvelad Cans, rom basili didisTvis miuRebelia anti-
kuri warmarTuli filosofiuri Tvalsazrisi erTiani ar-
sis Sesaxeb. es Tvalsazrisi, rogorc cnobilia, garkveuli
saxecvlilebiT gvxdeba neoplatonur filosofiaSic. ker-
Zod, neoplatonuri emanaciuri moZRvrebis Tanaxmad, Rmer-
Ti samyaroSia, RmerTi da samyaro erTmaneTSia, eWvgareSea,
rom, rodesac basili didi erTi cis arsebobis Tvalsaz-

uZvelesi redaqciebi ..., gv.41.

1

iqve.
2

204
riss akritikebs, amiT sxvebTan erTad ar eTanxmeba arc
neoplatonikosebis msoflmxedvelobas samyaros, rogorc
erTiani mTelis Sesaxeb.
basili didis `equsTa dReTa¡s~ danarCeni nawilebic
amave xasiaTisaa, sadac avtori axasiaTebs samyaros, aRniS-
navs cecxlisa da wylis daniSnulebaze da sxv.
zogadad SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom `equsTa dReTa¡Si~
naTlad Cans basili didis, rogorc qristiani RvTism-
etyvelis kreacionistuli Tvalsazrisi. Tumca, rogorc
aRiniSna, am Txzulebis Sesaval nawilSi basili erTmane-
Tisgan asxvavebs `ganumzadebelsa~ da `ganmzadebul~ sa-
myaros, rac mouwesrigebeli da mowesrigebuli samyaros
tolfasia. Txzu­ lebis am adgilas Sesaqme arsebulTa mow-
esrigebis igiveobriv mniSvnelobas iZens. magram es aris
gamonaklisi SemTxveva basili didis SemoqmedebaSi da ara
misi moZRvrebis ZiriTadi tendencia. ZiriTadi tendenciis
Tanaxmad ki, basili didTan RmerTi Tavisi neba-surviliT
qmnis `queyanasa~ da `cas~.
axla rac Seexeba Sesaqmis sakiTxSi basili didis mso-
flmxedvelobasTan areopagituli moZRvrebis mimarTebas.
areopagitikis filosofiuri Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, ar-
sebaTa warmoSoba pirvelmizezidan (RmerTidan) xdeba Sina-
gani aucileblobiT; arsebebi gamomdinareoben pirvelmize-
zidan da masve ukuubrundebian imave aucileblobiT, ra
aucileblibiTac gamovidnen misgan. aRniSnul sakiTxSi are­
opagitika – misi filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobiT, neo-
platonuri moZRvrebaa.
raSi mJRavndeba areopagituli emanatizmi arsebaTa war-
moSobis sakiTxSi? areopagituli emanatizmze msjelobisas
upirvelesad mimarTaven fsevdo-dionises im debulebas,
romlis Tanaxmadac sikeTe (RmerTis mniSvnelobiT), iseve
rogorc mze, yovelgvari winaswari arCevanis gareSe `gan-

205
fens~ Tavis RvTaebriv Zalebs da es Zalebi aRweven TviT
yvelaze nakleb srulyofil arsebamde.1
areopagituli emanatizmi mJRavndeba agreTve sikeTisa
(RmerTis) da sinamdvilis arsebaTa erTianobis fsevdo-di-
oniseseul TvalsazrisSi, romlis Tanaxmadac, yovelgvari
arsebuli gaerTianebulia sikeTesTan (RmerTTan).2
areopagitikaSi RmerTi da samyaro rom garkveuli az-
riT erTianobaSia, amaze naTlad metyvelebs fsevdo-dio-
nises azri RmerTis yvelgan da amave dros, arsad myofo-
baze, rom RmerTi yvelafriT Seimecneba da amave dros, arc
arafriT Seimecneba is3.
areopagitika agrZelebs neoplatonuri filosofiis
tradicias RmerTisa da arsebebis mimarTebis sakiTxSi.
kerZod, aRiarebs arsebaTa gamosvlas RmerTidan, arsebaTaA
yofnas da ukudabrunebas RmerTSive.
Tuki SevadarebT basili didis Tvalsazriss Sesaqmeze
da areopagitul moZRvrebas arsebaTA warmoSobaze, SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom am sakiTxebSi basili didsa da fsevdo-dionis-
es araferi aqvT saerTo. aqedan gamomdinare, ar dastur-
deba zogierTi avtoris mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom ar-
eopagitikis ZiriTadi filosofiuri wyaro kapadokielebis
msofl­ mxedveloba iyo. ufro zustad Tu vityviT, es mo-
sazreba ar marTldeba basili didis Sesaqmeze moZRvrebisa
da areopagitikis arsebaTA warmoSobis Tvalsazrisis Sedar-
ebisas. maSasadame, basili didis msoflmxedveloba, kerZod,
misi Tvalsazrisi Sesaqmeze, unda gamoiricxos, rogorc
are­opagitikis filosofiuri wyaro.

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 29-30.
2
iqve, gv. 33.
3
iqve, gv. 72.

206
 3. sikeTe da boroteba. basili didis SemoqmedebaSi
umniSvnelovanesi adgili ukavia sikeTisa da borotebis
mimarTebas. misi Txzuleba – `viTarmed ar ars RmerTi
mizezi borotTa¡~ specialurad am sakiTxisadmi aris miZ-
Rvnili. magram sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis kvlevi-
sas basili didis SemoqmedebaSi mxolod am TxzulebiT ver
davkmayofildebiT, radenadac `equsTaA dReTa¡Sic~ gvxv­de­
ba saintereso msjelobani am sakiTxebze. Tumca winaswar
unda SevniSnoT, rom areopagitikisa da basili didis Semo-
qmedebis mimarTeba am sakiTxSi, upirvelesad swored aRniS-
nul specialur TxzulebaSia saZiebeli. sxvagan ki basili
ufro sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis praqtikul mxa-
reebs arkvevs (`equsTaA dReTa¡s“ gamoklebiT). saerTo az-
ris Sesaqmnelad, mokled SevexoT sikeTisa da borotebis
mimarTebas `equsTaA dReTa¡~-Si.
basili didi wers: `ara Tu ufskruli igi iyo simravle
ZalTaA winaaRmdgomTa¡, da arca iyo Zali borotisa £elm-
wifebisa¡ winaaRmdgom keTilisa~1. basili didis es azri im
mxrivaa saintereso, rom aq boroti keTils ar ewinaaRmde-
geba. magram basili didi sikeTesa da borotebas Soris wi-
naaRmdegobas uaryofs ara im azriT, rom isini sxvadasxva
sibrtyeSi arian moTavsebuli, aramed imdenad, ramdenadac
boroteba saerTod ar arsebobs da amitomac SeuZleblad
miaCnia sikeTesa da borotebas Soris tol-sworobasa da wi-
naaRmdegobaze saubari. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi maT Soris
gauTavebeli brZola iqneboda da xan erTi gaimarjvebda da
xan – meore: `rameTu odes orni ra¡me swor iyvnian urTier-
Tas winaaRmdgomiTa, ukue ganmryunel aried igini urTier-
Tisa da maradis aried igini SfoTsa Sina dausrulebelsa.
Dda ukueTu sZlos erTman maTgaman ZaliTa T¢siTa moyuassa
T¢ssa, warwymedel ars igi misi. da ukueTu Tquan, boroti
esworebis winaaRmdgomiTao, ukue SemoiRon maT brZola¡
daucadebeli da ryunileba¡ daucxromeli, rameTu odesme

uZvelesi redaqciebi..., gv. 33.

1

207
sZlevdes igi da odesme igi~1. Bbasili didis aq moyvanili
Tvalsazrisi, jerjerobiT mxolod imas aRniSnavs, rom
Tuki sikeTesa da borotebas TanabarZalovani arsebobis
unars mivaniWebT, maSin winaaRmdegobasTan gveqneba saqme.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am sakiTxis ganxilvisas basilis pozi-
cia ufro filosofiuri xasiaTisaa da dasabuTebac Sesa-
bamisad safuZvliania. amitomac, saintereso iqneba swored
am sakiTxis gadawyvetis basiliseuli Tvalsazrisis Sedar-
eba areopagitikasTan. magram misi poziciis gamosakveTad,
jer SevexoT sxva sakiTxebsac.
basili didi aseT kiTxvas svams: SeiZleba ikiTxon, Tuki
sikeTe borotebas mudam sZlevs, maSin mainc ratom arse-
bobs boroteba? am kiTxvaze basilis pasuxi aseTia: umarTe-
buloa morwmune kacisgan imis Tqma, rom borotebis arse-
ba RmerTisgan momdinareobs, vinaidan yoveli erTmaneTis
sawinaaRmdego erTmaneTs ver daadgens: `da yoladve ara
jer – ars morwmunisa kacisa Tqumad, viTarmed: arsoba¡
borotisa¡ RmrTisaganve arso, rameTu yovelive urTier-
Tas winaaRmdgomi ver damamtkicebel ars erTmaneTisa~2.
basilis azriT, ise, rogorc sicocxle ar SeiZleba CaiT-
valos sikvdilis mSoblad da sibnele sinaTlis sawyisad,
aseve avadmyofoba SeuZlebelia miCneul iqnes janmrT-
elobis moqmedebad. amiT basili dids imis Tqma unda, rom
RmerTi TviTon sikeTea da SeuZlebelia man boroteba war-
moSvas. basilis es azri neoplatonuri filosofiidan unda
momdinareobdes. plotinesTan xom RmerTi absolituri sik-
eTea, xolo boroteba arasubstanciuria. am sakiTxSi basili
didis TvalsazrisTan siaxloves amJRavnebs areopagitikac,
rac SesaZlebelia erTi wyaroTi – plotines filosofiis
sargeblobiT iyos ganpirobebuli.
basili svams kiTxvas: Tuki boroteba warmouSobelia, is
arc RmerTis mieraa Seqmnili, maSin raSi mdgomareobs misi

uZvelesi redaqciebi ..., gv. 33.

1

iqve, gv. 34.

2

208
buneba? basili am kiTxvas svams imis gamo, rom borotebis
arsebobas veravin uaryofs (`rameTu vervin sofelsa amas
myofi uaryofs borotisa¡~). ese igi, basili angariSs uwevs
im faqts, rom realur sinamdvileSi, cxovrebaSi borotebis
arsebobas mainc aqvs adgili, amis uaryofa SeuZlebelia.
aqedan gamomdinare, bunebrivia, daisvas kiTxva: – ra aris
boroteba da raSi mdgomareobs sinamdvileSi arsebuli
borotebis arseba? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisas basilis
pozicia, SeiZleba iTqvas, naTelia: boroteba saTnoebis
sawinaaRmdego movlenaa, is sikeTis moklebaa: `rameTu
boroti ara ars buneba¡ cxoveli da sulieri, aramed aRZr-
va¡ sulsa Sina, winaaRmgomi saTnovebisa¡, da arn igi udebTa
Soris moklebisagan keTilisa~1. borotebis mizezi, basilis
azriT, sxvagan ki ar unda veZeboT, aramed CvenSi, radganac
boroteba nebisgan momdinareobs, `aramed romelsa zeda Sen
£elmwife xar, nu eZieb mizezTa misTa gareSeT, aramed uwy-
ode, viTarmed boroti WeSmariti nebisa midrekilebisagan
ars~2. Tavisi azris naTelsayofad, basili aseT Sedarebas
mimarTavs: gana bneli – sibnele Tavisi bunebiT, haeris vneba
da sinaTlis klebis Sedegi araa: `bneli ese ara Tu bunebiT
dgas, aramed vneba¡ ars igi haerTa Sina, da arn igi moklebi-
sagan naTelisa~3. eWvgareSea, rom borotebis raobis Sesaxeb
basili didis Tvalsazrissa da areopagitikas Soris siax-
lovea. areopagitikaSic boroteba sikeTis klebaa. Mmagram
mTavari isaa, gairkves es azri areopagitikaSi basili did-
idan modis Tu maTi Tvalsazrisis msgavseba erTi wyaroTi,
kerZod, plotines filosofiiT sargeblobis Sedegia. aqve
gvinda erT garemoebaze gavamaxviloT yuradReba: `equesTaA
dReTa¡~-Si, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, basili didi arsebi-
Tad bibliuri Tqmulebebis ganmartebas iZleva. Mmagram is,
rodesac sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebas ixilavs, arc

1
uZvelesi redaqciebi ..., gv. 34.
2
iqve.
3
iqve, gv. 35

209
erTxel ar mimarTavs biblias, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom
aRniSnul sakiTxSi basili didi filosofias emyareba da
amitomac am sakiTxSi misi Tvalsazrisi ufro filosofiu-
ria. amas isic adasturebs, rom, roca is borotebis uar-
sobaze msjelobs, ZiriTadad Tavis daskvnebs sapirispiro
TvalsazrisSi winaaRmdegobis Cvenebisa da mkacri logi-
kuri dasabuTebis safuZvelze akeTebs.
rogorc iTqva, basili dids specialuri Txzuleba aqvs
miZRvnili borotebis uarsobis Sesaxeb, romelic Sesulia
basilis `swavlaTa~-s axal gamocemaSi1. am TxzulebaSi
basili aviTarebs da aRrmavebs azrs borotebis ararse-
bobis Sesaxeb, romelic mocemuli iyo `equsTaA dReTa¡~-Si.
amasTan, orive am TxzulebaSi arsebiTad msjeloba exeba
sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebas Teoriul sferoSi. sxva
naSromebSi ki basili borotebis cnebis idealur Sinaarss
ki ar ixilavs, aramed imas, Tu praqtikuli cxovrebis qcevi-
dan romelia boroteba da romeli – ara.
am TxzulebaSi basili aRniSnavs, rom erTnairi ugunure-
ba da umecrebaa, vinc ityvis, rom RmerTi ar arsebobs da
borotebis mizezia RmerTi. rogorc erT, ise meore SemTx-
vevaSi, RmerTis arsebobaa uaryofili, vinaidan, Tu RmerTi
borotebis mizezia, maSin is sikeTe ver iqneba: `rameTu Ses-
worebulad pirvelisa mis vity¢ amissaca codvasa, vina¡Tgan
ornive uarhyofen saxierebasa missa. erTi igi ity¢s, vi-
Tarmed: yoladve ara ars da meore ese ity¢s, viTarmed:
ara saxier ars. rameTu ukueTu mizezi ars igi borotTa¡,
ara saxier ars da amisaT¢s sacnaur ars, viTarmed ornive
ese, zogad uar-hyofen RmerTsa~2. aqac basili imeorebs im
azrs, rom RmerTis gamocxadeba borotebis wyarod umarTe-
buloa. es azri ukve Segvxvda `equesTa dReTa¡~-Si~, magram
am TxzulebaSi basilis pozicia ufro mkveTria.

1
basili kesarielis `swavlaTa~ efTvime aToneliseuli Targmani.
Tb.,1983, gv. 54-68.
2
iqve, gv. 55-56.

210
 basili didis aRniSvniT, qveyanaze adgili aqvs ube-
durebas (sikvdili, qalaqebisa daqceva, brZola da a. S.),
yvelaferi es borotebaa. Tuki RmerTia yvelafris Semqm-
neli da igi, amave dros, borotebis mizezi araa, maSin
axla aRniSnuli borotebis mizezad vin miviCnioT Tu ara
RmerTi? am kiTxvaze basili pasuxs ase iwyebs: Cven Rmer-
Tis sikeTiT varT gaCenilni da misiTaa gansazRvruli
Cveni sicocxle. RmerTia yvelafris gamgebeli, mciresi da
didis, Cveni momavlis. Cven RmerTis nebis gareSe araferi
ar Segvxvdeba, Cveni codvis garda, ris mizezic isev ise
Cvena varT1. basili didis msjelobis mizania aCvenos, rom
borotebis mizezia adamiani, misi TviTneboba. am azrs adas-
turebs basilis Semdegi Tvalsazrisi: `da kualad borotTa
maT jojoxeTisaTa ara RmerTi aqus mizezad, aramed T¢T
Cuenni Tavni, rameTu dasabami da Ziri codvisa¡ ars Cueni
neba¡ da T¢Tmflobeloba¡~.2
basili didi orgvar borotebas asxvavebs: erTi, romel-
ic Cven gveCveneba borotad da meore, romelic Tavisi
bunebiTaa boroti. borotebis es ukanaskneli saxe, basilis
azriT, CveniTaa gansazRvruli. kerZod, usamarTloba,
ugu­nureba, sibinZure, Suri, kacis kvla... yvelaferi eseni
RmerTis suls lanZRaven da mas abneleben, `...amaTni msgavs-
ni vnebani, romelni xatad RmrTisa dabadebulsa mas sulsa
Seagineben da daabneleben sikeTesa missa~3. aqac, cxadia,
rom borotebis arseboba, basilis mixedviT, adamianis, misi
arakeTili qcevebiTaa ganpirobebuli.
sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis Semdgomi kvlevisas,
basili didi mimarTavs biblias, imowmebs bibliur Tqmule-
bebs, saidanac naTlad Cans, rom RmerTi gvicxadebs: me na-
Tels vqmni da ara borotebas. bibliis am azrs basili ase
ganmartavs: `aramed arca erTsa Sina amaT sityuaTagansa,

1
basili kesarielis `swavlaTa~..., gv. 56.
2
iqve.
3
iqve.

211
romelsac aqundes goneba¡ da gulis£ma-hyofdes, ipoebis
Sesmena¡ RmrTisa¡, viTarmca mizez da moqmed borotisa
iyo~1.
basili didis Semdgom msjelobaSic, romelic ufro
zogadi xasiaTisaa, boroteba kvlav warmodgenilia, ro-
gorc sikeTis kleba: `da vina¡Tgan ese yoveli uwyi, dascx-
er saqmisa magisagan, romel ara saTno geyofiani gangebani
RvmrTisani da yoladve nucamca RmerTi Segiracxies miz-
ezad borotisa, nuca kualad ggonies, Tu borotisa ra¡same
arseba¡ ars T¢isagan. rameTu ara Tu ukeTureba¡ arsi ars
viTarca cxoveli ra¡me, arca buneba¡ ra¡me ipoebis misi ar-
sad mosruli, aramed dakleba¡ keTilsa¡ ars boroti~2. ro-
gorc vxedavT, basili kvlav mtkiced da mkacrad afrTxi-
lebs mkiTxvels, rom RmerTi borotebis mizezad ar iqnes
miCneuli da, rom borotebas arsi ar gaaCnia da is sxva
araferia Tu ara sikeTis dakleba (`dakleba¡ keTilsa¡ ars
boroti~). es azri, rogorc ukve vnaxeT, basils gamoTqmuli
aqvs agreTve, `equsTa dReTa¡~-Si.
basili didTan sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebaSi
gamoikveTa ZiriTadi Tezisi, romlis Tanaxmadac, boroteba
sikeTis klebaa. iseve, rogorc basili didTan, aseve areopa­
gitul moZRvrebaSic, boroteba RmerTisgan ar momdinare-
obs, igi sikeTis klebaa da misi gaCenis mizezia WeSmariteb-
isgan gadaxra. areopagitikaSi xazgasmulia, rom boroteba
aramaradiuli da SemTxveviTi movlenaa: `xolo ukueTu
miRebiT aqus keTili da sx¢სagan aqus, da odesme aqus da
odesme ara aqus. არაsadme RmრTisagan ars boroti, arca
RmrTisa Soris, arc samaradiso, arca Jamier~3. fsevdo-
dionise Tavisi moZRvrebis sxva adgilebSic imeorebs, rom
RmerTi umaRlesi sikeTea da is borotebas ar warmoSobs.

1
basili kesarielis `swavlaTa~..., gv. 58.
2
iqve, gv. 61.
3
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 49.

212
 areopagitikaSi gvxdeba basili didis azris analogiuri
Sexeduleba borotebaze, rogorc sikeTis klebaze: `da uk-
ueTu arara¡ arsTagani miuRebel ars keTilisa, borot ars
mokleba¡ keTilisagan, xolo arara¡ arsTagani yovliTurT
moklebul ars keTilisagan~1. rogroc aRniSnulidan Cans,
basili didis Tvalsazrisi borotebaze, rogorc sikeTis
klebaze, TiTqmis gadmosulia areopagitikaSi.
basili didTan borotebis arsebobis mizezi iyo WeS-
maritisgan gadaxra, Cveni TviTneboba da a. S. areopagit-
uli moZRvreba am sakiTxSic emsgavseba basili didis mso-
flmxedvelobas. fsevdo-dionises azriT, sikeTis mizezi
erTia da ramdenadac sikeTe borotebas upirispirdeba, ami-
tomac borotebis mizezi mravali unda iyos. es mizezebia:
uZlureba, zomierebis dakargva, aRreva, da a. S. `keTilTa
mizezი erT ars. da ukueTu keTili borotisa winaaaRm-
dgom ars, borotisa sadme mizezni mraval arian; ara xolo
ese, garna borotis moqmed ara sityuani arian da Zalni,
aramed uZlureba¡ da pirutyუeba¡ da uzomo¡ Tana aRreva¡
umsgavsoTa¡~2.
erTi sityviT, sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis sa­
kiTxSi basili didis Semoqmedebasa da fsevdo-dionises
msoflmxedvelobas Soris msgavsebas namdvilad aqvs adgi-
li. magram, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, aq mTavaria dadgindes,
Tu saidan momdinareobs es msgavseba – areopagitikaze
basili didis Semoqmedebis uSualo gavleniT, Tu orive
moazrovnis mier erTi wyaroTi sargeblobis safuZvelze.
aRniSnuli sakiTxis gasarkvevad saWiroa gavixsenoT im
gamokvlevebis ZiriTadi daskvnebi, romlebic specialu-
rad miZRvnilia areopagitikaSi mocemuli borotebis ar-
asubstanciurobis (`uarsobis~) Tvalsazrisis warmomavlo-
bisadmi. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs i. Stiglmairisa da h. koxis
gamokvlevebi.

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 56.

1

iqve, gv. 55.

2

213
 i. Stiglmairis azriT, sikeTeze fsevdo-dionises moZ-
Rvreba mTlianad prokles Tvalsazriss emyareba, oRon-
dac masTan es `qristianul samoselSia~ gaxveuli. Semdeg
avtori aRniSnavs, rom, prokles azriT, boroteba materi-
isTvis araa damaxasiaTebeli1, vinaidan igi maradiulia,
masSi aris mSveniereba. amasTan, rac arsebobs – arsebobs
sikeTis safuZvelze, amitomac materia, rogorc maradiu-
lad arsebuli, ar Seicavs borotebas. aseTive viTarebaa
areopagitikaSic. daskvnaSi avtori aRniSnavs fsevdo-di-
onises Sromebis siaxloveze proklesa da eklesiis mamebis
(basili didi, grigol noseli, grigol nazianzeli) mso-
flmxedvelobebTan, rac, misi SeniSvniT, naTels xdis, rom
fsevdo-dionise flobda Tavisi drois rogorc qristian-
ul2, ise neoplatonur literaturas.
h. koxis azriT, dionises borotebaze moZRvreba mom-
dinareobs prokles laTinurad SemorCenili Sromidan – de
maloruma subsistentia3.
rogorc aRniSnulidan naTlad Cans, sikeTisa da boro-
tebis mimarTebis sakiTxis warmomavloba areopagitul moZ-
RvrebaSi arcTu ise ioli gadasawyvetia. erTi mxriv, eWvs
ar unda iwvevdes am sakiTxSi basili didis Semoqmedebisa
da areopagituli moZRvrebis siaxlove. meore mxriv ki,
arsebobs angariSgasawevi mosazrebebi, romelTa Tanaxma-
dac, borotebis arasubstanciurobis areopagituli Tval-
sazrisi, prokles filosofiidan momdinareobs. eWvgareSea,
rom fsevdo-dionise icnobs kapadokielTa Semoqmedebas da
emyareba kidec maT. magram, rac Seexeba borotebis arasub-
stanciurobis Tvalsazriss rogorc basili, ise prokle da

1
J. Stiglmayr. Der Neoplatoniker Proklus als Vorlage sogen. Dionysius
Areopagita in den Iehre vom Uebel. München, 1895, HJB 16, gv. 731.
2
iqve, gv. 748.
3
H. Koch. Preudo-Dionysius Areopagita in seinem Beziehungen zum
Neoplatonismus und Mysterienwesen. Meinz, 1900, gv. 30.

214
fsevdo-dionise plotines filosofiidan unda amodiod-
nen. basili didis msgavsad aqvs gagebuli fsevdo-dionises
borotebis, rogorc sikeTis klebis Tvalsazrisi, romel-
ic uSualod gamomdinareobs sikeTis absoliturobisa da
borotebis arasubstanciurobis Tvalsazrisis aRiarebidan.
es Tvalsazrisi ki pirvelad plotones filosofiaSi gvx-
vdeba.
arsebiTi momenti proklesa da fsevdo-dionises mso-
flmxedvelobaSi sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebaze aris
borotebis yovelgvari pozitiuri mniSvnelobis gauqmeba.
ukve aRiniSna, rom plotinem borotebis arasubstanci-
urobis aRiarebis miuxedavad, boroteba mainc dauSva sike-
Tis bunebis gamosamJRavneblad. es arsebiTi gansxvavebaa
plotinesa da prokle-areopagelis Tvalsazrisebs Soris.
aRniSnul sakiTxSi am mxriv basili didi ZiriTadad agrZe-
lebs plotines da agreTve, religiuri msoflmxedvelobis
Tvalsazriss, kerZod:L basili didis TxzulebaSi `ara ars
RmerTi mizezi borotTa¡~ aRniSnavs, rom RmerTma Cven
mogvaniWa unari eSmakis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad da mis
dasamarcxeb­lad. magram ratom aris eSmaki? Bbasilis azriT,
RmerTma es ukeTureba Cven gamosacdelad Seqmna: `xolo
i£mara ukeTureba¡ misi gamosacdelad sulTa CuenTa sibr-
ZniT ganmgebelman man yovlisaman da wina¡swar cnobiT, vi-
Tarca – igi mkurnalman gesli iqednisa¡ wamlad i£maris~1.
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom eSmaki borotebis gansaxiere-
baa, maSin cxadi gaxdeba, rom basili didis SemoqmedebaSi
borotebas mainc gaaCnia garkveuli pozitiuri mniSvnelo-
ba. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sikeTisa da
borotebis damokidebulebis sakiTxSi basili didis Semoq-
medebasa da areopagitul moZRvrebas Soris aris garkveuli
siaxlove (Tundac Teza `boroteba sikeTis klebaa~ areop-
agitikaSi SeiZleba basili didis Semoqmedebidan momdin-

basili kesarielis `swavlaTa~ ..., gv. 66.

1

215
areobdes), magram arsebiT sakiTxSi – borotebis pozitiuri
mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb – maTi Tvalsazrisebi erTmaneTisgan
gansxvavdeba1.
daskvna

1. RmerTis mier samyaros Seqmnis sakiTxSi (`Sesaqme~)

basili didis Semoqmedeba da areopagituli moZRvreba
mkveTrad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan. basili didis Tval-
sazrisi aRniSnul sakiTSi gamokveTilad kreacionistulia,
fsevdo-dionise areopagelis ki, ufro emanatizmisken ixre-
ba.
2. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis sakiTxSi am ori
moazrovnis msoflmxedvelobaTa Soris aris siaxlove da
mkveTri gansxvavebac. rogoc basili didTan, ise fsevdo-
dionisesTan RmerTi mxolod sikeTes qmnis, boroteba `uar-
soa~. magram basilTan, platonisa da plotines msgavsad,
borotebas garkveuli pozitiuri mniSvneloba gaaCnia (pi-
rvelebTan sikeTis gamosamJRavneblad, basili didiTan ki
adamianis gamocdisTvis). proklesTan da areopagitikaSi ki,
borotebis yovelgvari pozitiuri mniSvnelobaa moxsnili.

$2 grigol nazianzeli

grigol nazianzeli (330-390), romelsac xSirad gri­

gol RvTismetyvelis saxeliTac moixsenieben, Sua sauku-
neebis religiur-filosofiuri azrovnebis tipuri warmo-
madgenelia da mis SemoqmedebaSi gansja-ganxilvis sagania

basili didis es Tvalsazrisi pirdapir analogias poulobs

1

ioane damaskelis msoflmxedvelobasTan. damaskelis azriT,

RmerTma adamiani samoTxeSi SeuSva da gamocdis mizniT masTan
eSmaki Seagzavna da adamianma ver sZlia cdunebas. damaskeli
svams kiTxvas: RmerTs ra uSlida xels, rom mxolod sikeTe
daeSva, raSi dasWirda borotebac? gamocdis gareSe araferi
ar varga, ambobs damaskeli. ix. Иоанн Дамаскин. Полное собрание
сочинений. СПБ, 1913, т. 1, gv. 118.

216
epoqis Sesabamisi problematika. mis sityvebSi, romelic
45-s iTvlis, gvxdeba filosofiur sakiTxebze msjelobebi.
grigol nazianzelis msoflmxedveloba neoplatonizmis
gavlenas ganicdis. kapadokieli mamebis Semoqmedebisadmi
miZRvnil specialur naSromSi g. florovski ganixilavs zo-
gierT sakiTxSi neoplatonizmTan grigol nazianzelis mso-
flmxedvelobis damokidebulebas. avtoris azriT, grigol
nazianzeli samebaze msjelobisas mimarTavs neoplatonuri
filosofiis xerxebs1. grigol nazianzelisTvis sameba aris
RvTaebrivi erTianobis raRac wrebrunva da aq igi imeorebs
plotines azrs, kerZod: `RmerTi erTianobidan gadmovida
(gadmoiRvara) siWarbis gamo da gaorda, radganac is ma-
teriasa da formaze maRla dgas da iqca samebad srulyo-
filebis gamo, raTa ar yofiliyo Raribi da ar yofiliyo
usasrulo gadmoRvra; pirvel SemTxvevaSi iqneboda araf-
ris mTqmeli, xolo meoreSi uwesrigoba~2.
g. florovskis azriT, es pirdapir plotines Tvals-
azrisis gameorebaa, Tumca grigol nazianzeli iqve akeT-
ebs SeniSvnas, romlis Tanaxmadac ver vityviT, rom es aris
sikeTis gadmoRvra, rogorc es miiCnia erTma mofiloso-
foso elinma (e. i. plotinem), roca msjelobda pirvel da
meore sawyisze, pirdapir aseTi Sedareba gaakeTa: `rogorc
Tasis napiridan gadmoiRvreba~ (plotine. V eneada. me-2
wigni, $1)3.
Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis cnobili mkvle-
vari etien Jilsoni (1884-1978) aRniSnavs, rom grigol na-
zianzeli Teologiis poziciidan akritikebs filosofias.
magram es sulac ar niSnavs, rom igi uars ambobs filoso-
fosobaze. piriqiT, is iTxovs, rom ikamaTon samyaroze, ma-

1
Г. Флоровский. Святой Григорий Богослов (http://antology.rchgi.spb.ru/
Gregory–ofNazianzus/research–1.htm).
2
iqve.
3
iqve.

217
teriaze, arsebulebze, sikeTeze, borotebaze da a.S1. magram
yvelaferi es, amis gansja grigol nazianzelis Tanaxmad,
unda gakeTdes zomierad saRvTo werilis mixedviT.
filosofiis TvalsazrisiT yuradRebas imsaxurebs
grigol nazianzelis moZRvreba RmerTze, romelic moi-
cavs RmerTis daxasiaTebas, misdami adamianis miswrafebas,
RmerTisa da mzis analogias, samebis sakiTxs. nazianzelis
sityvebSi ganxilulia agreTve, eTikuri problematika. es
sakiTxebi ZiriTadad gadmocemulia sityvebSi – RvTis-
metyvelebis Sesaxeb (XXVII-XXXI), kerZod, 27-e da 28-e da
agreTve me-20 da 25-e sityvebSi.

1. moZRvreba RmerTze
grigol nazianzelis moZRvreba RmerTze ZiriTadad
imeorebs epoqis sayovelTao religiur-filosofiur azrs
RmerTis arsis Sesaxeb. am sakiTxze nazianzelis Sexedule-
bebi TiTqmis yvela sityvaSi, qadagebaSi gvxdeba, magram
filosofiis TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa
misi Sexedulebebi, romlebic ZiriTadad gadmocemulia
28-e sityvaSi, sadac igi aRniSnavs, rom RmerTSi sityva da
saqme erTi da igivea2!
amasTan, grigol nazianzelis azriT, RmerTze brZen-
sityvaobis ufleba yvelas rodis aqvs. amis ufleba aqvT
adamianebs, romlebmac mTeli cxovreba WvretaSi gaatares
da pirvel rigSi ganiwmindes sakuTari suli da sxeuli. gan-
wmendilebTaTvis ki, uwmindurebTan Sexeba arcTu ise usa-
frTxoa, rogorc sust mxedvelTaTvis mzis sxivi3.
evnome aRiarebda RmerTis srul miRwevas adamianuri
gonebiT. mis winaaRmdeg mimarTul 27-e sityvaSi grigol na-
zianzeli moiTxovs zomierebis dacvas RmerTze saubrisas.

1
Э. Жильсон. Философия средние века. М., 2004, gv. 48.
2
Григорий Богослов. Собрание творений в 2-х томах. Мн., Харвест, М.,
АСТ, 2000, 28-e sityva.
3
iqve, 27 sityva.

218
igi kategoriulad krZalavs RmerTis xsenebas im SemTxveva-
Sic ki, ragind ra RvTismosavobiT ar unda keTdebodes es.
akrZalvebi exeba agreTve, im SemTxvevebs, roca es udrood
aris Sesrulebuli da arc zomierebaa daculi.
zomierebaze Tavisi azris gansamtkiceblad, grigol
nazianzeli saintereso paralelebs mimarTavs. misi azriT,
zomierebis dacvis gareSe yvelaferi kargavs azrs, `mSveni­
eric ki ar ar aris mSvenieri, Tuki is urigod aris nawar-
moebi, rogorc, magaliTad, sruliad Seusabamoa yvavilebi
zamTarSi, mamakacis tansacmeli qalze da qalisa mamakac-
ze, tirilis dros raRac Tanmimdevrobis dacva da nadimis
dros cremlebi~1.
28-e sityvaSi grigol nazianzeli mimarTavs msmenels,
rom is miiswrafoda RmerTis misawvdomad. am mizniT igi
CamoSorda sagnebsa da sagnobriobas, ramdenadac SeeZlo
CaiZira Tavis TavSi, roca adioda mTaze, roca mzera mi-
apyro, TiTqmis dainaxa RmerTi. is, rac RmerTis ukanaa da
rac RmerTis Semdegaa – eseni RmerTis Semecnebis saSuale-
bas gvaZleven, ise rogorc mzis asaxva wyalSi warmodgenas
gviqmnis mzeze. magram es aris mzis xilva susti mzeriT,
radganac mzis mcxunvare sinaTles pirdapir rom SevxedoT
mxedvelobas gagvifuWebs2. asevea RmerTis mzeris SemTx-
vevaSic. ese igi, grigol nazianzelis azriT, RmerTze war-
modgenas viqmniT imis meSveobiT, rac mis ukan da mis Sem-
degaa. nazianzelis am sityvebSi igulisxmeba RmerTis mier
Seqmnili arsebebi.
RmerTis gonebiT wvdoma, gageba Znelia, xolo misi
gamoTqma SeuZlebeli – ase brZensityvaobda erTi elini
RvTismetyveli (platoni), SeniSnavs grigol nazianzeli.
igi platonis am azrs arc uaryofs da arc Rebulobs. sa-
magierod, platonis am Tvalsazrisis aseT interpretacias

Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr. 27-e sityva.

1

iqve, 28-e sityva.

2

219
iZleva: RmerTis gamoTqma SeuZlebelia, xolo misi gonebiTY
codna, gageba ufro metad SeuZlebeli1.
grigol nazianzelis azriT, adamians ar SeuZlia Rmer-
Tis srulad Semecneba, raSic mas xels uSlis sxeuli, xorci2.
aq, erTi mxriv, SeiZleba paralelis gavleba plotinesTan,
xolo, meore mxriv, fsevdo-dionisesTan. Tumca rogorc
plotines filosofiaSi, ise areopagitul moZRvrebaSi es
azri ufro gamokveTili da logikurad dasabuTebulia.
Semdeg grigol nazianzeli iwyebs RmerTis daxasiaTe-
bas. RmerTi aris yvelafris SemoqmedebiTi da Sinaarso-
brivi mizezi3. aqve, nazianzeli erTgvari ironiiT saubrobs
imaT Sesaxeb, vinc fiqrobs, rom gaigo RmerTi, aqvs masze
codna.
grigol nazianzelis gansjis sagani xdeba sakiTxi –
RmerTs sxeuli aqvs Tu ara. RmerTi aris usasrulo, romel-
sac ara aqvs sazRvari, Semoweriloba, mas ver vxedavT da
a. S. gana aseT rames SeiZleba gaaCndes sxeuli? maSasadame,
RmerTs ara aqvs sxeuli.
RmerTze grigol nazianzelis msjeloba axlos dgas
neoplatonikosebis, kerZod, plotines TvalsazrisTan. na-
zianzeli RmerTis warmodgenas, rogorc sxeulis mqones,
uxeS cnebad miiCnevs. RmerTi rom sxeulis Semcveli iyos,
maSin is iqneba simravle. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki is simravlea,
maSin is elementebis Semcveli iqneboda. amasTan, simravle
brZolis dasawyisia, xolo brZola – dayofis safuZveli,
dayofa – daSlis, xolo daSla araa damaxasiaTebeli Rmer-
TisTvis4. ase rom, RmerTSi ar aris dayofa, sxva SemTxvevaSi
gveqneboda daSla, rac RmerTis bunebisTvis SeuTavsebelia.
aq SeiZleba garkveuli paralelis gavleba grigol na-
zianzelis msoflmxedvelobasa da areopagitul moZRvre-

1
Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 28-e sityva.
2
iqve.
3
iqve.
4
iqve.

220
bas Soris. fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, Tuki RmerTi ar aris
erTi, maSin igi simravlis Semcveli da Tavis Tavis damSle-
li iqneba1. rogorc vxedavT, nazianzelTanac da fsevdo-
dionisesTanac RmerTi SeuZlebelia iyos simravle.
g. maiorovis azriT, grigol nazianzelis TeologiaSi,
rogorc terminologiurad, ise arsebiTad siaxlovea neo-
platonikosebTan. es gansakuTrebiT kargad Cans RmerTze,
rogorc erTze moZRvrebaSi.
amasTan, aRniSnavs g. maiorovi, neoplatonizmTan siax-
lovis miuxedavad, am moZRvrebebs Soris arsebiTi gansxvave-
baa. magaliTad, pirveli erTi (RmerTi) neoplatonikosebT-
an, romelic mTeli sinamdvilis safuZvelia, miekuTvneba
TviT am realobas. maSin, roca grigol nazianzelis mier
gagebuli erTi samyaros gareTaa, transcendenturia2.
g. maiorovi saintereso Sedarebas akeTebs, kerZod: Tuki
neoplatonikosebTan erTisgan gadmoRvrili sinaTle aris
samyaros Signidan momdinare, grigol nazianzelTan – es
sinaTle imqveyniuria; neoplatonikosebis erTi aRemateba
gonebas, ris gamoc goneba uZluria gamoxatos igi, `sadac
mTavrdeba goneba, iq iwyeba sruli mdumareba, usityvoba~3.
grigol nazianzelis msoflmxedvelobasTan areopagit-
uli moZRvrebis mimarTebis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa g.
flo­­­rov­skis naSromis is adgili, sadac saubaria adamianuri
cxov­ rebis arssa da mizanze, rac gulisxmobs RvTaebasTan
namdvil gaerTianebas – `gaRmrTobas~. es SesaZlebelia ara
imdenad adamianSi arsebuli `mbrZaneblobis~ RvTaebasTan
msgavsebiT, aramed `RmerTis adamianurobis~ meSveobiT4.
grigol nazianzelis mixedviT, RmerTi daubadebelia,
usawyisoa, ucvlelia, ukvdavia. raxan RmerTi usxeuloa, is

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv.49.
2
Г. Майоров. Формирование средневековои философии. М., 1979, gv. 157-
158.
3
iqve, gv. 158.
4
Г. Флоровский. dasax. naSr., gv. 17.

221
ar gamoxatavs da ar moicavs arsebebs, iseve rogorc sityva
ar moicavs arsebebs1.
grigol nazianzeli RmerTis mimarT ufro marTebu-
lad miiCnevs imis Cvenebas, Tu ra ar aris is, vidre ra
aris, `radganac yvela xedavs, rom gacilebiT advilia is,
rac arsebobs imis saSualebiT avxsnaT is, rac ar aris is,
vidre gamovricxoT, rac is ar aris da am gziT vaCvenoT
ra aris is~2.
mas Semdeg, rac gairkveva, rom RmerTi usxeuloa, gri­
gol nazianzeli gansjis sagnad ixdis sakiTxs RmerTis
sadme an arsad myofobaze. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom grigol na-
zianzelis msjelobebi da daskvnebi gansaxilvel sakiTxze
neoplatonizmis, kerZod, plotines filosofias mihyveba
da misi avtoris filosofiur msoflmxedvelobasTan siax-
lovis maCvenebelia 3.
aq ufro mniSvnelovania nazianzelis TvalsazrisTan
areopagituli moZRvrebis siaxlove. zeciur ierarqiaSi
fsevdo-dionise aRniSnavs, rom RmerTis gamosaxatavad
adamianis sityva da goneba uZluria, amitomac mis Sesaxeb
ukeTesia iTqvas, Tu ra ar aris is, vidre is – Tu ra aris
is: `...SeusazRvrebel da ganuzomel da dautevnel uwodden
mas, romelTagan ara ra¡ igi ars, aramed ra¡ igi ara ars,
esoden moeswavebis, romeli ese usakuTres mgonies misT¢s~4.
ufro adre msgavsi azri gvxvdeba plotinesTan. aq Sei-
Zleba iTqvas, rom fsevdo-dionise areopageli TiTqmis ime-
orebs grigol nazianzelis azrs.
grigol nazianzelis azriT, Tuki vityviT, rom RmerTi
arsad ar arsebobs, SeiZleba Zalze cnobismoyvarem ikiTxos
– maSin rogorRa arsebobs? radganac, Tu raime ar arse-
bobs, is arsad ar aris; xolo is, rac arsad ar aris, saer-

1
Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 28-e sityva.
2
iqve.
3
plotine. V eneada, me-5 wigni, $$5, 8, 9.
4
areopagitika. `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~. gv. 106.

222
Tod ar arsebobs; Tuki RmerTi sadmea, maSin is an samyaro-
Sia, an masze maRla.
Tuki RmerTi samyaroSia, maSin is an sadmea, an yvelgan.
Tuki sadmea, maSin is SemosazRvruli iqneba mcire raRaciT;
Tuki yvelgan iqneba RmerTi, maSin is simravliT (mravali
raRaciT) iqneba SemosazRvruli. am SemTxvevaSi gamodis,
rom RmerTi, rogorc yvelafris momcveli, am yvelafriT
SemosazRvruli iqneba. `ase rom, mTlianad RmerTi mTel
samyaroSi iqneba SemosazRvruli da masSi arc erTi adgi-
li ar darCeba SemousazRvreli~1. es aris siZnele, aRniS-
navs grigol nazianzeli, Tuki davuSvebT, rom RmerTi aris
samyaroSi.
isic unda aRiniSnos, rom grigol nazianzeli am logi-
kuri siZnelis aRniSvnis Semdeg Riad tovebs sakiTxs da
sxva mimarTebiT agrZelebs msjlobas, kerZod, svams kiTx-
vas: sad iyo adre RmerTi, vidre samyaro warmoiSoboda?
aqac siZneleebTan gveqneba saqme, SeniSnavs nazianzeli.
Tuki RmerTi samyaros maRlaa, nuTu ar aris raime, romel-
ic gamoacalkevebda RmerTs maRla2. rogor warmovidginoT
aRmatebuli da is, razec aRmetebulia, Tuki ar arsebobs
zRvari, romelic sazRvars daudebda erTsac da meoresac?
an kidev aucileblad unda iyos wre, romliTac Semosaz-
Rvruli iqneboda samyaro da is, rac samyaros zeviTaa?
aqac siZnelesTan gvaqvs saqme, aRniSnavs nazianzeli.3
aqve grigol nazianzeli SeniSnavs, rom RmerTi aucile-
blad SemosazRvruli iqneba, Tuki mas gonebiT miRwevadad
miviCnevT, radganac cnebac SemosazRvrulobis saxea4.
grigol nazianzeli RmerTis arsebobas, Tu SeiZleba
ase iTqvas, samyaroSi arsebuli wesrigisa da kanonzomiere-
biTac xsnis. samyaroSi, kerZod, dedamiwaze arsebuli yure­

1
Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 28-e sityva.
2
iqve.
3
iqve.
4
iqve.

223
ebi, tyis silamaze, wyaros wylebi, qari, zRva, mTebi, amdeni
mravalferovneba da a. S. saidan yvelaferi es? am kiTxvaze
gonebas sxva pasuxi ar gaaCnia, garda RmerTis nebisa.
grigol nazianzeli SeniSnavs – Tu ratom dauTmo am-
deni dro RmerTze msjelobas. mxolod imis gamo, raTa
eCvenebina, rom `adamianuri azrovnebisTvis RmerTi miuR-
wevelia da Cven mas mTeli sisruliT ver warmovidgenT~1.
1) RmerTis wvdoma. Sua saukuneebis religiur-filo­
sofiur azrovnebaSi, RmerTis daxasiaTebisas erT-erTi
ZiriTadi – RmerTis wvdomis, RmerTTan gaerTianebis sak-
iTxia, rasac mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia grigol nazian-
zelis SemoqmedebaSi.
me-20 sityvas grigol nazianzeli RmerTTan adamianis
mimarTebiT iwyebs da aRniSnavs, rom ukeTesad miaCnia sxe­
ulisa da samyarosgan CamoSoreba, grZnobebis Caketva da
ukiduresi aucileblobebis gareSe ar hqondes Sexeba ada-
mianTan; sakuTar TavTan da RmerTTan saubriT, xilulze
amaRlebulad cxovreba, yovelTvis wminda, macdur STabe-
WdilebebTan Seureveli RmerTis saxeebis aRiareba iyo da
ganuxrelad warmoadgens RmerTisa da RvTaebis daubnel-
ebel sarkes, sinaTles SesZinos sinaTle, naklebad naTels
– Saravandedi2.
yvelaferi es grigol nazianzelis aRniSvniT, saWiroa
RmerTis wvdomisTvis. sxvanairad SeuZlebelia Sen Tavze
aiRo sulebze mzrunveloba da miece RvTismetyvelebas3.
didi saqmeebis keTebamde grigol nazianzeli upirve-
lesad aucileblad miiCnevs sakuTari Tavis ganwmendas da
amis Semdeg wmidasTan (RmerTTan) saubars.
Semdeg grigol nazianzeli saubrobs im siZneleebze,
rac Tan axlavs adamians sxeulebrivisgan gaTavisuflebi-

1
Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 28-e sityva.
2
iqve.
3
iqve.

224
sas da amas Tavs ver daaRwevs igi, vidre ar SeeSveba imis
ganxilvas, rac mis Zalebs aRemateba1.
grigol nazianzeli aRniSnavs, rom yovelgvari gonieri
buneba miiswrafvis RmerTisa da pirvelmizezisken, magram
ver aRwevs mas axla ganxiluli mizezis gamo. es mizezi, ro-
gorc vnaxeT, aris is, rom adamiani imis ganxilvas cdilobs,
rac mis Zalebs aRemateba.
adamiani, grigol nazianzelis azriT, TiTqosda imyofe-
ba winasasikvdilo tanjvaSi da ver uZlebs am tanjvas, eSve-
ba axal morevSi, raTa mzera miapyros xilulebs da amisgan
Seqmnas raRac RvTismagvari an kidev xilulis mSvenierebasa
da keTilmowyobisgan Seimecnos RmerTi, [amisTvis] mxed-
veloba gamoiyenos uxilavis saxelmZRvanelod, magram xi-
lulis SesaniSnaobaSi mxedvelobidan ar dakargos RmerTi2.
grigol nazianzeli aRniSnavs, rom zemoaRniSnuli
gaugebrobebis gamo adamianebma, rogorc RmerTs ise dauw-
yes Tayvaniscema: zogierTma – mzes, zogierTma – mTvares,
zogierTma – varskvlavebs, zogierTma – TviT cas Tavis
mnaTobebiT da sxv.
zogierTma ki, miwis, wylis, haerisa da cecxlis Tayvanis-
cema daiwyo, radganac isini yvelasTvis saWiro iyo da maT
gareSe adamianis sicocxle da cxovreba SeuZlebelia; zo-
gierTebi RmerTebad miiCnevdnen TviT adamianebis naxatebs,
qandakebebs da warmoidgineT, moiazrebdnen mkvlelobis,
simTvralis, risxvisa da sxva RmerTebs. amiT es adamianebi
Tavisi codvebis gamarTlebas cdilobdnen. zogierTisTvis
RmerTebi miwaze iyo, zogierTisTvis – qvesknelSi, zogier-
TisTvis ki – caSi3.
saqme iqamdec mivida, rom RmerTis saxels ukavSirebd-
nen zRvis urCxulebs – oTxfexa mcocavebs. mokled, am

1
Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 28-e sityva.
2
iqve.
3
iqve.

225
TayvaniscemaSi Zneli iyo imis gageba Tu romeli iyo ufro
aRmatebuli: Tayvanismcemeli Tu rasac Tayvans scemdnen1.
bolos grigol nazianzeli kiTxulobs, Tu vin aris sam-
yaroSi arsebuli wesrigis wyaro, mizezi? is xom ara, vinc
Seqmna da arsad aqcia isini? es xom ar aris SemTxveviTi
momxdari? ra Tqma unda, ara da es sxva aravinaa Tu ara
RmerTi2.
grigol nazianzelis aRniSvniT, aravis ar unaxavs Rmer-
Tis buneba3. aq erTgvari araTanmimdevrulobaa nazianzelis
azrebSi. sxvagan igi amis SesaZleblobebs uSvebs. saerTod,
grigol nazianzelis sityvebSi, RmerTisken adamianis mis-
wrafeba gamokveTili ar aris da Sorsaa antikuri neopla-
tonizmisa (mag., plotine) da qristianuli neoplatonizmis
(mag., fsevdo-dionise areopageli) warmomadgenelTa amg-
vari Tvalsazrisisgan, romlebic filosofiur-inteleqtu-
aluri xasiaTisaa.
2) RmerTisa da mzis analogia. grigol nazianzeli
RmerTze msjelobisas ganixilavs ciur sinamdviles da ro-
gorc dedamiwis, ise ciuri movlenebis axsnisTvis biblias
mimarTavs4.
grigol nazianzeli saubrobs mzeze, romelic samya-
ros centrSia da mTvareze, mis moZraobaze. igi sagangebod
Cerdeba mzeze, msjelobs mzis saocar Tvisebebze, rom is
sxva varskvlavebisgan gamoirCeva Tavisi sinaTliT, is mSven-
ieria, rogorc sasiZo, didi da swrafia, igi samyaros erTi
bolodan meoremde aTbobs yvelafers; amasTan, is aTbobs,
magram Tavisi uvnebeli keTilSobilebiTa da mowesrigebu-
li moZraobiT ar wvavs, yvelasTvis Riaa da yvelafers moi-
cavs. erTi, araCveniani, SeniSnavs nazianzeli, ambobda, rom

1
Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 28-e sityva.
2
iqve.
3
iqve.
4
iqve.

226
grZnobadobaSi mze iseTivea, rogorc azrovnebaSi RmerTi.
`ise rogorc RmerTi gonebas, ise mze anaTebs mzeras~1.
RmerTisa da mzis analogiis areopagituli Tvalsazri-
si, rogorc areopagituli filosofiis ganxilvisas vnaxeT,
saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwvevda. es
imis gamo, rom RmerTisa da mzis areopagituli analogiisas
RmerTisgan arsebaTa warmoSobis aucileblobazea saubari2.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom RmerTisa da mzis areopagituli ana-
logia agrZelebs neoplatonuri, kerZod, plotines Tvals-
azriss da sakiTxs ufro filosofiuri kuTxiT warmoaCens.
rac Seexeba grigol nazianzelis pozicias am sakiTxSi igi
agrZelebs qristianul tradicias, romlis msgavsi gvxdeba
sxvadasxva RvTismetyvelTan (mag., ioane oqropirTan).
RmerTisa da mzis zemoaRniSnuli Sedarebisas, grigol
nazianzeli svams kiTxvas: – ram moiyvana pirvelad mze
moZraobaSi? riT axerxebs mze – es namdvili mniSvnelobiT
uZravi, maradiul moZraobasa da brunvas, rogorc amas
marTebulad umRerian poetebi; rogor axerxebs Seuwyve-
tel moZraobas, rogor qmnis dRes da Rames, rogor xdeba
dRisa da Ramis momateba da kleba, rogor icavs Tanabrobas
am araTanabrobaSi? rogor awesrigebs weliwadis droTa
mimarTebas?3
grigol nazianzeli aq mzesa da mTvares Soris pa-
ralels mimarTavs. erTi batonobs dReze (mze), meore –
Rameze (mTvare); erTi mxecebs Zalas matebs, meore – ada-
mianebs Zalas aRudgens muSaobisTvis da a. S.
rogorc vxedavT, grigol nazianzeli mzesa da mis
gamov­lenaze laparakobs, rogorc ciur movlenaze, romel-
ic RmerTis mier aris Seqmnili. yvela is kiTxva, romelsac
svams nazianzeli mzis misamarTiT, pasuxad gulisxmobs
RmerTis Zalauflebas mzeze.

1
Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 28-e sityva.
2
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 29-31.
3
Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 28-e sityva.

227
 2. samebis Sesaxeb
marTalia, samebaze moZRvreba filosofiuri Tvalsaz-
risiT nakleb mniSvnelovania, magram grigol nazianzelis
msoflmxedvelobasa da areopagitul moZRvrebas Soris
raime kavSiri Tu arsebobs, aseTad erT-erTi swored same-
bis sakiTxia.
e. Jilsonis azriT, grigol nazianzelis 45 sityvidan
xuTSi (XVII-XXXI) – `xuTi sityva Teologiis Sesaxeb~ gad-
mocemulia samebis dogmati, romelic `qristianuli Te-
ologiis istoriaSi klasikurad iqca da cxadad gamoxatavs
im inteleqtualur atmosferos, romelSic cxovrobdnen
qristianebi – epoqaSi, rodesac warmoiTqva es qadagebani~1.
a. losevis azriT, nikea-konstantinepolis simboloSic
ki gaurkveveli xdeba samebis ipostazebis zearsebiToba
da zeSemecnebadoba; kapadokielebi mudam xazs usvamdnen
RvTaebis zearsebiTobas, Seumecnebadobas, adamianuri Se-
mecnebisa da azrovnebisTvis miuRwevlobas da a. S.2 amas
filosofiisa da Teologiis istoriaSi apafotizmi ewodeba.
kapadokielebTan es apofotizmi mxolod pirvel ipostazs
(mamaRmerTs) ukavSirdeba.
trinitaruli sakiTxis sruli sicxadisTvis aucilebeli
iyo am apofatizmis gavrceleba danarCen or ipostazzec,
radganac yoveli maTgani gagebuli da ganmartebuli iyo,
rogorc namdvili RmerTi am sityvis namdvili da erT-
pirovnuli mniSvnelobiT3.
es sakiTxi konstantinepolis krebaze gadawyda, magram
saqme amis iqiT aRar wasula.
am sakiTxSi, a. losevis azriT, sruli sicxade Seita­
na fsevdo-dionise areopagelma naSromSi – `saidumlod
RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~, romelSic mxolod imazea saubari
– Tu ra ar aris RmerTi. amiT ki, areopagituli apofatizmi

1
Э. Жильсон. dasax. naSr., gv. 47.
2
А. Лосев. История античной эстетики. М., 1992, книга I, gv. 58.
3
iqve. gv. 59.

228
vrceldeba ara mxolod pirvel ipostazze, aramed danarCen
orzec1. es zearsebiTi, zeyofieri da zeSeumecnebeli Rmer-
Ti, areopagitikaSi mJRavndeba Tavis gamovlinebebsa da
gamomdinareobebSi. swored zearsebul gamovlinebaSi unda
gavigoT samive ipostazi. `yvelani isini – zearsebulni, ze-
moazrebadi da zeSeumecnebelni arian~2. zearsebuli gamov­
linebisas pirvel ipostazs vimecnebT, rogorc erTians,
sawyissa da wyaros, meores – rogorc dayofil simravles,
xolo mesames – rogorc madlian gamosvlas3.
a. losevis azriT, samebis kapadokiuri Teoria aris
antikuri neoplatonizmis sami ipostazis dialeqtika,
emanaciis, an ierarqiuli subordinaciis gamoklebiT.
a. losevis am SeniSvnebs sicxade Seaqvs aRniSnul sak-
iTxSi grigol nazianzelis msoflmxedvelobasa da areopa­
gitul moZRvrebas Soris mimarTebaSi.
grigol nazianzeli me-20 sityvaSi samebaze saubars
iwyebs imiT, rom samebis wevrebis – sami ipostazis meSveo-
biT gvTavazobs RmerTis Sesaxeb, rogorc TviTon SeniSnavs
– mokle moZRvrebas. igi aRniSnavs, rom Cven qeds vixriT
mamaRmerTis, ZeRmerTisa da suliwmidas mimarT. ar vurevT
erTmaneTSi sam ipostazs, raTa savles aRtyinebaSi ar aR-
movCndeT; rom erTi ar iyofa samze (sam arsebaze) – erT-
maneTisgan gansxvavebaze da erTmaneTisTvis ucxoze, raTa
ar mivideT arianelTa ugunurebamde.
grigol nazianzeli Tavisi azris gansamtkiceblad sau-
brobs `Suagulze~ da aRniSnavs, rom aq mxedvelobaSi aqvs
WeSmariteba, romelic aris erTi da romelic uaryofs ro-
gorc uadgilo da Seusabamo Serevas, ise, da ufro metadac
– brma dayofas4.

1
А. Лосев. dasax. naSr., gv. 59.
2
iqve.
3
iqve.
4
Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., me-20 sityva.

229
 aRniSnulidan cxadi xdeba, rom grigol nazianzelisTvis
miuRebelia samebis wevrebis rogorc uadgilo da Seusa-
bamo gaerTianeba, ise maTi brma dayofa, radganac `erT
SemTxvevaSi, mravalRmerTianobis SiSiT RmerTis cneba Sem-
cirebuli saxiT iqneba erT ipostazSi da darCeba mxolod
misi SiSveli saxeli. amiT aRiarebuli iqneba, rom erTi da
igive aris mamaRmerTic, Zec da suliwmidac; amasTan, amiT
vasabuTebT ara imdenad imas, rom yvela isini – samive ip-
ostazi aris erTi, ramdenadac imas, rom TiToeuli maTgani
araferia, radganac erTmaneTSi gadasvliTa da Senacvle-
biT – aRar iqnebian is, rac isini TavisTavad arian~1.
meore SemTxvevaSi, ese igi, RvTaebis sam arsebad brma
dayofisas, saxeze gveqneba erTmaneTisTvis ucxo, araTana-
bari da dacalkevebuli, usawyiso, araTanadaqvemdebare-
buli, SeiZleba iTqvas, RvTis sawinaaRmdego arsebebi da a.
S. am dayofiT RvTaebas SemovsazRvravT erTi TvisebiT –
daubadebeli, riTac iseTive borotebas CavdivarT, rogorc
ipostazebis uadgilo gaerTianebiT. metic, sami sawyisisa
da sami RmerTis meSveobiT gaerTianebaze met ugunurebas
CavdivarT2.
grigol nazianzeli eZebs swored im `Suaguls~ (oqros
Suaguls?), romelic erTarseba samis – samebis dasaxasiaTe-
blad da Sesafaseblad yvelaze misaRebi iqneba. igi aRniS-
navs, rom mamaRmerTs ar unda CamovaciloT imis Tviseba
rom iyos mama, Ze-s rom hqondes Ze-s Tviseba. ar unda Camo-
vaciloT mamaRmerTs mamobis Rirseba, sawyisisa da mSoblis
funqcia. sxva SemTxvevaSi is – Ze-sa da suliwmidaSi gan-
Wvretili RvTaebis mizezi ki ar iqneba, aramed ufro daba-
lisa da Seufereblis sawyisi. amitomac araa saWiro erTi
RmerTis rwmenasTan erTad, iqadago sami ipostazi, anu sami
saxe, amasTan, yoveli maTgani RmerTis TvisebiT3.

1
Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., me-20 sityva.
2
iqve.
3
­ iqve.

230
 Cemi rwmeniT, aRniSnavs grigol nazianzeli, unda davic-
vaT erTi RmerTis rwmena, roca Ze-ca da suliwmidac mie-
kuTvnebian mizezs (magram arc Sekrebili da arc Sereuli
saxiT), rogorc RvTaebis moZraobasa da survils, ise arsis
igiveobis mixedviT1.
grigol nazianzeli, roca msjelobs RmerTze, rogorc
erTze, plotines filosofiisa da areopagituli moZRvre-
bisgan gansxvavebiT, masTan ver vxdebiT imis damajerebel
dasabuTebas – Tu ratom aris RmerTi erTi. SeiZleba iTq-
vas, rom am sakiTxSi kapadokiel mamebTan, kerZod, gri­
gol nazianzelTan SedarebiT, areopagitul moZRvrebaSi
filosofiuri tendenciis arseboba eWvgareSea.
grigol nazianzeli aRniSnavs, rom, Tuki davuSvebT
sami ipostazis rwmenas, yovelgvari Sefasebisa da Serwymis
gareSe, romelTa Sedegadac imaze metia pativiscema, vidre
saWiroa, yvelaferi moispoba; roca daculi iqneba pirovnu-
li Tvisebebi, roca mamaRmerTs warmovidgenT usawyisod da
sawyisad (sawyisad, rogorc mizezs, rogorc wyaros), xolo
ZeRmerTs – sruliad usawyisod, magram, amasTan, yovelg-
varis sawyisad2.
RmerT-samebaze, sawyisze msjelobisas, grigol nazian-
zeli kategoriulad moiTxovs drois faqtoris gamoricx-
vas, ar unda vigulisxmoT raime saSualo dambadebelsa da
dabadebuls Soris, buneba ar und davyoT maradiulad da
droSi arsebulad. amasTan, `Tuki dro ZeRmerTze ufrosia,
maSin ueWvelia, rom mamaRmerTi ZeRmerTze ufro adre yo-
fila drois mizezi~3.
sxva SemTxvevaSi grigol nazianzeli xedavs winaaRmde-
gobas, kerZod: rogor SeiZleba drois Semqmneli iyos is
(mamaRmerTi), romelic TviTon aris droiT gansazRvru-
li? rogor SeiZleba yvelasa da yvelafris mizezi iyos is

1
Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., me-20 sityva.
2
iqve.
3
iqve.

231
(mamaRmerTi), romelzec dro batonobs? ase rom, mamaRmerTi
usawyisoa, radganac aravisgan, maT Soris, Tavisi Tavisga-
nac ki ara aqvs aRebuli arsi, yofiereba1. aq, mTargmnelis
SeniSvnaSi marTebuli komentaria gakeTebuli: RmerTs Tu
Tavis Tavidan eqneboda yofiereba, maSin RmerTi ori gam-
ovidoda, rac dauSvebelia.
rac Seexeba ZeRmerTs, Tuki mis mizezad warmovid-
genT mamaRmerTs, is usawyisoa (radganac misi sawyisi aris
mamaRmerTi, rogorc mizezi); Tuki ZeRmerTs ganvixilavT
drosTan mimarTebiT, is maSinac usawyisoa, radganac drois
meufes, gamgebels ara aqvs sawyisi droSi2.
aqve SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom grigol nazianzelis axla
ganxilul TvalsazrisSi yovelTvis ar aris sicxade, ker-
Zod: namdvilad ar Cans Tu ra gadaulaxavi siZnelea sami
ipostazis aRiarebis SemTxvevaSi. pirvel rigSi, es exeba
cal-calke warmodgenili samebis ipostazebs yovelgvari
Serevisa da Sekrebis gareSe.
grigol nazianzeli saubrobs RmerTze, rogorc yvela-
fris dambadabelze, romelic arsebiTad gansxvavdeba ada-
mianuri dabadebisgan. igi aRniSnavs, rom RmerTSi survi-
li da moqmedeba erTmaneTs emTxveva3. aqedan, cxadia, rom
sxva­
nairad qmnis adamiani da sxvanairad yvelafris Semqm-
neli – RmerTi.
RmerTi, grigol nazianzelis azriT, adamianisgan gan-
sxvavebiT, arsad, arsebulad aqcevs imas, rac adre ar ar-
sebobda. me, ganagrZobs nazianzeli, ar vambob imas, rom
mamaRmerTisgan ZeRmerTi warmoiSva, rogorc masSi – mamaSi
adre arsebuli da Semdeg gaxda arsebuli; me ar vambob imas,
rom ZeRmerTi adre iyo arasrulyofili da Semdeg gaxda
srulyofili.

1
Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., me-20 sityva.
2
iqve.
3
iqve.

232
 grigol nazianzeli aRniSnavs, rom is qadagebs Rmer-
Tis (mamis) daubadeblobaze (arasodes dauSvebs goneba, rom
is odesme ar arsebobda), amasTan, qadagebs, rom ZeRmerTi
dabadebulia. ase rom, erTmaneTs emTxveva mamaRmerTis
arsi da misgan mxolodSobili arsebuli da ara mis Semdeg
dabadebuli; gana davuSvebT erT sawyisze warmodgenaSi,
sawyiss da agreTve mizezs, SeniSnavs nazianzeli.
grigol nazianzeli RvTaebrivi dabadebis arsis gasage-
bad aseT magaliTs mimarTavs: adamiani, romelic yvelaf-
ris danaxvas cdilobs, mas mxedveloba ufuWdeba. ar unda
ecado imis gagebas, rasac verasodes gaigeb. RvTaebrivi
dabadebis Sesaxeb nu ecdebi icode am dabadebis saxeze.
`gaige, rom suliwmida momdinareobs mamaRmerTisgan: nu
gamoiCen cnobismoyvareobas icode, rogor momdinareobs~1.
rogorc vxedavT, roca grigol nazianzeli saubrobs
mamaRmerTTan ZeRmerTisa da suliwmidis mimarTebaze, pi-
rvel SemTxvevaSi aRniSnavs `dabadebas~, meoreSi – `gamom-
dinareobas~.
grigol nazianzeli samebis sakiTxs exeba 25-e sityvaSic,
sadac ZiriTadad ganxilulia me-20 sityvaSi gamoTqmuli
azrebi. aqac aRniSnulia, rom RmerTi badebs RvTaebrivad,
da ara adamianurad, radganac misi arsi ar aris adamianuri2.
aqve ZeRmerTisa da suliwmidis Sesaxeb aRniSnavs, rom
isini usawyisoni arian mizezTan (e. i. mamaRmerTis mimarT),
radganac ise rogorc mzisgan sinaTle, aseve isini Rmer-
Tisgan arian, magram ara mis Semdeg3.
ganvixiloT samebis sakiTxi areopagitul moZRvre-
baSi, romelic ganxilulia traqtatebSi – `saRmrToTa
saxelTaT¢s~ da `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~.
areopagituli filosofiis ganxilvisas vnaxeT, rom aq
mTavaria moZRvreba pirvel erTze, RmerTze da yvela dan-
arCeni sakiTxi pirdapir Tu arapirdapir masTan aris kavS-

1
Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., me-20 sityva.
2
iqve, 25-e sityva.
3
iqve.

233
irSi. asea samebis sakiTxSic. sayuradReboa, rom am wminda
religiur sakiTxs fsevdo-dionise exeba Tavis SedarebiT
filosofiur naSromSi – `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ da isic
maSin, roca axasiaTebs pirvel erTs, RmerTs.
`saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ me-2 TavSi fsevdo-dionise
aRniSnavs, rom Seurevlad da Seurwymelad (Sdr. nazianze-
li) imyofeba pirveli erTi, romelic aris zeSTaarsebuli
da aris zeSTaarsebiT RvTaebaTa (e. i. samebis wevrTa, – m.
m.) wyaro. RvTaebaTa wyaro aris mamaRmerTi da ara ZeR-
merTi da mTel sinamdvileze vrceldeba RmerTis batono-
ba – `aramed mxolo zeSTaarsebisa RmrTeebisa wyaro ars
mama¡ da ara ars mama¡ Ze, arca Ze mama¡ aramed samaradisod
scavs TiToeuli guami RmerT-mTavrobisa¡ mravalsagalo-
belsa T¢Tebasa T¢sisa saxelisasa keTilad siwmidiT da
ucvalebelad~1. aq, rogorc vxedavT, naTqvamia, rom mTeli
sinamdvilis mizezi da wyaro aris mamaRmerTi da araviTar
SemTxvevaSi ZeRmerTi. am aRniSvniT fsevdi-dionise agrZe-
lebs qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis tradicias aRniSnul
sakiTxSi.
a. losevi, rogorc vnaxeT, areopagituli moZRvrebis
damsaxurebad miiCnevs sruli apofatizmis Tvalsazrisis
gatarebas da agreTve, samebis ipostazebis TanabarZal-
ovnad, zeSTaaRmatebulad warmodgenas. marTlacda, `saRm-
rToTa saxelTaT¢s~ me-2 Tavis $8-Si, sadac aRniSnulia, rom
yoveli saRmrTo mamoba da Zeoba momdinareobs uzeSTaesi,
zeaRmatebuli mamaRmerTisa da ZeRmerTis meufobisgan,
`da mama¡ da Ze yovlisa saRmrTo¡sa mamobisa da Zeobisa
zeSTaaRmatebulad aRmaRlebul arian~.2
Tuki fsevdo-dionise axla ganxilul adgilas saubrobs
mamaRmerTisa da ZeRmerTis, SeiZleba iTqvas, TanabarZal-
ovan zeSTaaRmatebulobaze, amave traqtatSi, cota qve-
moT wers saerTod samebis zeSTaaRmatebulobaze, `rameTu

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 18.

1

iqve, gv. 21.

2

234
yovlad wmindani igi da umoxucebulesni Zalni namdv¢lve
zeSTa arian da reca Tu winabWeTa arsebaTa uzeSTaesisa
samebisaTa damyarebul arian~1.
es imis gamo, rom ganagrZobs fsevdo-dionise – mis-
gan aqvT arsi da RvTaebrivi arsic udaresTa Soris TviT
yvelaze cud (`udaresTa udaresi~) arsebebs da ukanasknel-
Ta Soris ukanasknelebs.
sainteresoa, rom traqtatSi – samebis sakiTxis ganx-
ilvas fsevdo-dionise iwyebs im TaviT, romlis saTauric
aris `saRmrTo nislis Sesaxeb~ (`viTarmed ra¡ ars saRmr-
To¡ nisli~). dasawyisSive fsevdo-dionise mimarTavs same-
bas – RmerTs, rogorc umaRles arsebas, umaRles erTsa da
umaRles sikeTes, rogorc qristianTa RvTaebrivad brZen
zedamxevels da a. S.2
areopagitikis am adgilidan cxadi xdeba aRniSnuli
sakiTxis Sefasebisas a. losevis Tvalsazrisis marTebulo-
ba, kerZod: aq sameba warmodgenlia ganuyoflad, rogorc
umaRlesi arseba, umaRlesi RmerTi da umaRlesi sikeTe,
razedac miuTiTebs a. losevi da rasac wingadadgmul na-
bijad miiCnevs kapadokieli mamebis RvTismetyvelebasTan
SedarebiT, sadac cxadad ar Cans sami ipostazis zearsebi-
Toba da zeSemecnebadoba3.
fsevdo-dionise amave traqtatSi saubrobs RmerTze,
romlis Sesaxeb dadebiTi RvTismetyveleba gveubneba, ker-
Zod: igi aris RvTaebrivi da keTili bunebis, aris erTi,
rogorc sami (`erTarseba sami~), igi iwodeba mamad da Zed,
usxeulo da ganuyofelia da a. S.4 aqac cxadad Cans, rom
fsevdo-dionisesTan sameba erTia, umaRlesi arseba da
umaRlesi sikeTea; sakmarisia areopagitikis es adgili Se-
vadaroT grigol nazianzelis Tvalsazriss aRniSnul sak-

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 63.
2
areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224.
3
А. Лосев. История античной эстетики. М.,1992, книга I, gv. 58.
4
areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 226.

235
iTxSi da cxadad davinaxavT gansxvavebas maT Soris, rom-
elzedac miuTiTebs a. losevi.
aRniSnuli traqtatis dasasruls fsevdo-dionisesTan,
rogorc amas a. losevi aRniSnavs, sruliad zeimobs apo-
fatizmi – RmerTis absoluturi negacia1. fsevdo-dionises
es sruli apofatizmi, erTi mxriv, winamdebare naSromSi
gamoyenebulia RmerTis absoluturi negaciis ganxilvisas,
meore mxriv ki – samebis sakiTxSi, kerZod, swored amgvari
absoluturi negaciiT, sruli apofatizmiT areopagituli
moZRvrebis RmerTi-sameba gansxvavdeba kapadokielTa, Cven
SemTxvevaSi, grigol nazianzelis RmerTi-samebisgan.

3. eTikis sakiTxebi
grigol nazianzelis sityvebSi gvxdeba saubrebi sike-
Tis Sesaxeb. Tumca, am sityvebSi igi ufro praqtikul-
religiuri CarCoebiT ifargleba da sakiTxs ar ixilavs
ontologiuri kuTxiT, Tundac, rogorc es basili didis
msoflmxedvelobaSia.
sikeTesTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi upiratesad ganxi-
lulia 25-e sityvaSi, romlis dasawyisSi nazianzeli saqeb
sityvebs ar iSurebs WeSmariti filosofiisadmi da gans-
jis sagnad ixdis keTilSobilebis cnebas. aRniSnavs, rom
mas mxedvelobaSi aqvs ara brbos gagebuli keTilSobile-
ba. Sors Cvengan da filosofiisgan iseTi keTilSobileba,
romelic saTaves iRebs zRaprebsa da yoyoCobaSi. piriqiT,
agrZelebs nazianzeli da mas mxedvelobaSi aqvs keTilSo-
bileba, romlis ganmasxvavebeli niSnebia: RvTismosavoba,
keTili zneoba da miswrafeba pirveli sikeTisken – Cveni
sawyisisken2.
grigol nazianzeli fufunebas, simdidresa da Zlevamo-
silebas did borotebad Tvlis da maT uarsayofad miiCnevs,
radganac fufuneba pirveli borotebaTagania, simdidre

А. Лосев. dasax. naSr., gv. 58.

1

Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., me-20 sityva.

2

236
siRaribes ganapirobebs, xolo Zlevamosileba – sxvaTa
uZlurebas1.
am konteqstSi grigol nazianzeli dadebiTad moix-
seniebs filosofias, romelic Tokavs emociebs da gmobs
sxeulebrivs, ebrZvis xiluls da bunebrivi Zalebis yvela
medidurobas, yvela TviTnebobas, romelic maradiulis
winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli.
am gzaze Semdgari filosofia saWirod ar Tvlis gan-
sajos, Tu romeli sibrZne airCios: garegani, romelic WeS-
maritebis aCrdilia Tu garegnulad Semguebluri, magram
Sinaganad amaRlebuli da RmerTisken mimavali2. amgvari
filosofiis warmomadgenlad miiCnevs herons, romelsac
eZRvneba 25-e sityva da mas asxvavebs sxva berZeni (anti-
kuri) filosofosebisgan.
grigol nazianzeli filosofiisa da filosofos-
ebisadmi gansxvavebul damokidebulebas amJRavnebs da es
sulac ar miuTiTebs misi msoflmxedvelobis araTanmim-
devrulobaze am sakiTxSi. igi amgvari Sefasebisas sxva-
dasxva skolis filosofosebs gulisxmobs. misTvis misaRe-
bia kinikosebis pozicia, miuRebelia platoni, nawilobriv
misaRebia neoplatonikosebi da a. S.
heroni, grigol nazianzelis azriT, irCevs maT gzas
(Sinaganad amaRlebuli da RmerTisken mimavali) da sulac
ar uwevs angariSs berZen filosofosebs, romlebic did
yuradRebas uTmobdnen sityvis silamazes. misTvis upir-
velesi aris is, `gaigos, Cveni gzebidan romelia upirve-
lesi da sasargeblo rogorc misTvis, ise nebismieri qris-
tianisTvis, radganac is sulis niSnad yvelaze srulad da
brZnu­lad Tvlida imas, rom yovelgvar saqmeSi, kerZoSi
mocemuli iyos zogadi; imitom, rom yovel Cvengans yofi-
ereba mocemuli aqvs ara mxolod Tavis TavisTvis, aramed

Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 25-e sityva.

1

iqve.
2

237
sxvebisTvisac, romlebic misi bunebisani arian da gaCenili
arian erTi Semoqmedis mier erTi miznisTvis~1.
grigoln nazianzeli exeba saTnoebis sakiTxs da sau-
brobs taZarSi misasvlel gzaze. misi aRniSvniT, arsebobs
cxovrebisa da arCevanis sxvadasxva saxe da maTgan rome-
lime Tu emsaxureba rwmenas da ratom vuwodebT Cven maT
gzebs. kiTxva aseTia: – yvelam am gzaze unda viaroT Tu
romelime maTganze? ramdeni gza SeiZleba arsebobdes an
kidev upiratesoba romel gzas unda mieniWos?
grigol nazianzeli svams kiTxvas: – ra igulisxmeba
sityvaSi, romlis Tanaxmadac gza erTia da amasTan, viwro?
aq igulisxmeba, saTnoebasTan mimarTeba, radganac is aris
erTi, Tumca mraval saxed iyofa. viwroa im gagebiT, rom
bevrisTvis gauvalia. kerZod, im mravalricxovani mowi-
naaRmdegeTaTvis, yvela imaTTvis, vinc biwierebis gziT
dadis. es erTaderTi – saTnoebis gza aris marTebuli,
romelic taZarTan migviyvans da aq imowmebs pavle mo-
ciquls – `yvela gana mociqulia? yvela gana winaswarme-
tyvelia? da a. S.~ (I korinTelTa, 12:29)2.
grigol nazianzelis es azri ase unda gavigoT: aris
sakiTxebi, romlebic pirdapir unda miviRoT da gansjas
ar eqvemdebareba. Cven SemTxvevaSi es exeba saTnoebis gzas,
romelic erTaderTia da taZrisken mivyavarT.
saintereso azri aqvs gamoTqmuli grigol nazianzels
gandegilobaze. igi aRniSnavs, rom sakuTari TvaliT hyavs
nanaxi udabnoSi mcxovrebi gandegilebi. TavisTavad es mov-
lena maRali rangisaa da mniSvnelovani da aRemateba ada-
mianur Zalebs. magram, amasTan, es movlena CaketilobiT
xasiaTdeba da moklebulia siyvarulis Tvisebebs – gulRia-
obasa da Semwynareblobas3. siyvaruli ki, rogorc cnobil-
ia, iyo da aris erTi-erTi pirveli saTnoebaTagani. amasTan,

1
Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 25-e sityva.
2
iqve, 27-e sityva.
3
iqve, 25-e sityva.

238
nazianzelis azriT, gandegiloba saqmesTan daSorebuli
cxovrebaa, romlis Semowmeba da sxva saxis cxovrebasTan
Sedareba SeuZlebelia.
SeiZleba iTqva, rom grigol nazianzelisTvis miuRe-
belia asketizmi da gandegiloba. samagierod, igi aqebs
sazoga­doebriv cxovrebas, roca adamianebi erTmaneTs
uaxlovdenian, emsaxurebian saTnoebas da avrceleben amas
sxveb­ze, axlos midian RvTis saxlis mSeneblobasTan da
Cveni gvari (adamTa modgma) mas Semdeg, rac codvebSi Ca-
vardniT dakarga Tavisi sikeTe, CvenTan SeerTebiTa da
Cven­dami momarTviT, kvlav gvevedreba1.
aq SeiZleba visaubroT grigol nazianzelis Tvalsaz-
risis siaxloveze plotines filosofiasTan, erTi mxriv
da sakuTriv nazianzelis Tvalsazrisidan areopagituli
moZRvrebis momdinareobaze. rogorc cnobilia, plotine
da fsevdo-dionise Sors iyvnen asketizmisgan da maTi mso-
flmxedveloba am mimarTebiT filosofiur-inteleqtua-
luri xasiaTis iyo, radganac rogorc plotine, ise fsev-
do-dionise RvTis mistikuri Wvretis gzaze uaryofdnen
asketizms.
dRevandeli gadasaxedidan yuradRebas imsaxurebs gri­
gol nazianzelis is Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmadac, Tuki
yvela saRi gonebis mqone dakavebuli iqneboda logikiT, ge-
ometriiT, astronomiiT da ar eqneboda saTnoeba, es ara-
viTar sikeTes ar moitanda. maSin yvelgan da yvelaferSi
aucileblobiT daisadgurebda uwesrigoba da dabneuloba2.
aq sayuradRebo aris is, rom IV saukunis RvTismetyveli
(grigol nazianzeli) fiqrobs, rom mxolod astronomiis,
geometriisa da logikis SeswavliT saqmes ar eSveleba,
Tuki saTnoeba (e. i. zneoba) ugulebelyofili iqneba. es
Sexeduleba exmaureba Tanamedroveobas da masSi, garkveuli

1
Григорий Богослов. dasax. naSr., 25-e sityva.
2
iqve.

239
azriT, SeiZleba antisciencisturi Tvalsazrisis Canasaxi
davinaxoT.
eTikis sakiTxebs grigol nazianzelis SemoqmedebaSi
mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia. magram am sakiTxSi raime siax-
love antikur neoplatonizmTan da qristianul neopla-
tonizmTan (fsevdo-dionise areopageli) ar SeiniSneba.
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kapadokiel mamaTa-
gan areopagitul moZRvrebas yvelaze naklebi Sexeba aqvs
grigol nazianzelis SexedulebebTan, Tumca zogierT sak-
iTxSi (RmerTze moZRvreba, RmerTis wvdoma, samebis Sesaxeb)
SeiZleba amovikiTxoT areopagituli moZRvrebis mxridan
grigol nazianzelis msoflmxedvelobis ganviTareba speku-
laturi TvalsazrisiT.
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dokiel mamaTa Semoqmedebas.
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mimarTebiTac bevri saintereso sakiTxi warmoCnda.

$3. grigol noseli

IV saukunis gamoCenili saeklesio moRvawe, RvTismetyve-

li da qristianuli filosofiis umniSvnelovanesi warmo-
madgeneli grigol noseli (335-394) miekuTvneba `kapadokie-
li mamebis~ saxeliT cnobil wres. am wreSi Sediodnen misi
ufrosi Zma basili didi da maTi megobari grigol nazian-
zeli, romlebic upiratesad saeklesio moRvaweni iyvnen.
grigol noseli ki, ufro Teoritikosia. imis miuxedavad,
rom mas specialuri ganaTleba ar miuRia, TviTganaTlebiT
maRal Teologiur da mecnierul ganaTlebas daeufla1.

А. Мартынов. Учение св. Григория еп. Нисского о природе человека (Опыт

1

исследования в области христианской философии IV века). М.,1886, gv.

5-7.

240
 grigol noselis gansjis upirvelesi sagani iyo adami-
ani da masTan dakavSirebuli problemebi da swored amito-
mac mis naSromebs dResac ar daukargavs aqtualuroba da,
aqedan gamomdinare, mecnieruli Rirebuleba.
f. fararis aRniSvniT, grigol noselis ojaxSi gamefe-
buli iyo asketizmi, magram sakuTriv igi ufro metad mec-
nierebiT iyo dainteresebuli1.
grigol noselis SemoqmedebaSi gamoyofen dogmatikur-
sa da egzegetikuri xasiaTis Sromebs, asketikur saubrebsa
da werilebs.
sxvadasxva gamokvlevidan, romlebic miZRvnilia grigol
noselis Semoqmedebisadmi, cxadad Cans, rom igi qristian-
uli filosofiisa da RvTismetyvelebis umniSvnelovanesi
warmomadgenelia. mis Rrma ganswavlulobas filosofiaSi
ukvalod ar Cauvlia, is qristianul mecnierebaSi erT-
erTi gamoCenili da originaluri moazrovnea. filosofi-
aSi Rrma ganswavlulobam mis dogmatikur sistemaSi, erTi
mxriv, filosofiuri hipoTezebis siuxve, xolo, meore
mxriv, wmida mamis RvTismetyveluri msjelobebis sakvir-
veli araTanmimdevruloba ganapiroba.2
grigol noselis SemoqmedebaSi centraluri adgili
ukavia moZRvrebas RmerTze, romelic ZiriTadad moicavs
problemaTaA Semdeg wres: RmerTi, rogorc erTi, RmerTis
mier samyaros Seqmna da RmerTis mier Tavis xatad adami-
anis Seqmna.

1
Ф. Фаррар. Жизнь и труды св. отцов и учителей церкви. С. Петербург,
1891, gv. 399.
2
В. Несмелов. Догматическая система святого Григория Нисского. Казань,
1887, gv. 630.

241
 1. RmerTi, rogorc erTi
Sua saukuneebis rogorc filosofiur, ise RvTisme-
tyvelur azrovnebaSi, Tezisi `RmerTi aris erTi~, sxva-
dasxvanairadaa dasabuTebuli. grigol noseli naSromSi
`ar arsebobs sami RmerTi~ cdilobs imis dasabuTebas, rom
RmerTi aris erTi.
grigol noseli akritikebs im Tvalsazriss, rom,
Tuki petre, ioane, markozi adamianebi arian, magram cal-
calke sam adamianad iwodebian, maSin, ratom ar SeiZleba
mamaRmerTi, ZeRmerTi da suliwmida sam RmerTad iwode-
bodnen? Ggrigol noselis SeniSvniT, adamianebze simravles
vityviT, xolo, dogmatikuri moZRrebis Tanaxmad, RmerTs
simravles ver mivawerT. ratom xdeba ase? grigol nose-
lis azriT, mraval­RmerTianoba iyo elinebTan (ese igi war-
maTebTan), amitomac qristianoba gaurbis am ideas. magram
imaTTvis, visTvisac saubari exeba RmerTisa da ipostazebis
mimarTebas, es pasuxi ver iqneba amomwurvi1.
Cven, aRniSnavs grigol noseli, TiToeul adamians gamo­
varCevT misi saxeliT, Tumca yvela adamianis arseba erTia,
erTi da igivea. maTi gansxvaveba erTmaneTisgan, rogorc
ukve iTqva, saxelebiT xdeba. sxva viTarebaa, roca saubari
RmerTs exeba. bevrs hgonia, rom RmerTi iseTive saxelia,
rogorc, magaliTad, mze, ca an kidev samyaros romelime
stiqioni. sinamdvileSi ki viTareba sxvanairia. kerZod,
Cven `saRvTo werilis~ SegonebiT rogorc iqna gavigeT,
rom RmerTis arsi gamouTqmelia da saxeliT ar iwodeba.
yvela saxeli, iqneba es adamianuri arsebiT Semecnebuli Tu
`saRvTo weriliT~ mocemuli, sinamdvileSi aris RmerTis
Sesaxeb raRac mixvedris ganmarteba, romelic Tavis TavSi
ar Seicavs RmerTis arsebis mniSvnelobas. grigol noseli

Григорий Нисский. Творения. М., 1862, ч. IV, gv. 114.

1

242
xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom veraviTari saxeli ver gamoxatavs
RmerTis arss1.
aq cxadad Cans areopagitikasTan siaxlove, areopagiti-
kaSic xom RmerTis arsebis gamoxatva saxelebiT SeuZlebe-
lia2.
grigol noseli ase svams kiTxvas: Tuki saxeli `Rmer-
Ti~ gamoxatavs RmerTis arsebas, maSin, ratom ar SeiZleba
gavaerTianoT ipostazebi da maT erTi RmerTi vuwodoT?
noselis azriT, Tuki adamianebis sxvadasxva saqmianoba da-
moukidebelia da amitomac iwodeba mravlad, RvTaebrivi
arsis SemTxvevaSi sxva viTarebaa: RvTaebis arsebis Taobaze
Cven is gamovarkvieT, rom mamaRmerTi TavisTavad qmnis
raimes mniSvnelovans Tvinier suliwmidisa. sinamdvileSi
viTareba aseTia: RmerTidan gamomdinare yvela moqmedeba
vrceldeba warmoqmnil arsebebze da iwodeba mravali gan-
sxvavebuli cnebiT RmerTis Sesaxeb. es moqmedebani mama­
RmerTidan momdinareobs, ZeRmerTis meSveobiT vrceldeba
da suliwmidaTi sruldeba.
grigol noselis saboloo daskvniT, wmida samebis mo-
qmedeba erTmaneTisgan gancalkevebuli ki araa, aramed,
piriqiT – yoveli moqmedeba mamaRmerTisgan momdinareobs
da ZeRmerTis meSveobiT suliwmidisken miemarTeba; amito-
mac ar SegviZlia sami RmerTis saxeliT gamovxatoT erT-
maneTisgan ganucalkevebeli, erTmaneTis meSveobiT moZra-
obaSi myofi erTnairi RvTaebrivi Zala da moqmedeba3.
RmerTis, rogorc erTis, Tvalsazrisi gvxvdeba gri­
gol noselis sxva naSromebSic. magaliTad, TxzulebaSi –
`kacisa agebulebisaT¢s~ grigol noseli wers, rom RmerTi

1
Григорий Нисский. dasax. naSr., gv. 117-118.
2
areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 228-
229.
3
iqve, gv. 123.

243
yvelafers qmnis da is ar Sedgeba materiisa da raodeno-
bisgan: `da kualad ity¢an, ukueTu RmerTi ganmartebuli
buneba¡ ars T¢nier si£So¡sa da raodenobisa, arca guam da
arca agebul da arca Secvul msgavsad guamTa~1. iqve igi
akritikebs maniqevelTa Tvalsazriss ori sawyisis Sesaxeb.
grigol noselis azriT, Tu gaviziarebT im azrs, rom ma-
teria calke arsebobs, maSin ori sawyisi gveqneba – dausa-
bamo RmerTi da dausabamo materia, rogorc amas `boroti
manini~ ambobda. sinamdvileSi yvelaferi RmerTma Seqmna,
arsebebi ararsisgan warmoSva da ara materiisgan: `da vi-
Tarca SeZlo Zalman RmrTisaman, romel arara¡sagan dah-
badna dabadebulni, da egreve ganamtkicnes arsni...~2.
rogorc vxedavT, grigol noselis azriT, RmerTi er-
Tia, misTvis miuRebelia ori sawyisis daSveba. ra saerTo
SeiZleba iyos grigol noselis msoflmxedvelobasa da neo-
platonikosebs Soris aRniSnul sakiTxSi? rogorc erTgan,
is meoregan RmerTi aris erTi, yvelafris Semqmneli da war-
momSobi. amasTan, orivegan gamoTqmulia azri, rom RmerTis
gamoTqma da gamoxatva SeuZlebelia. magram neoplatonizmsa
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neoplatonizmSi���������������������������
(�������������������������
areopagitikaSi�����������
) aRiarebu-
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lia RmerTidan sinamdvilis aucilebeli gamomdinareoba3,
rac grigol noselis msoflmxedvelobisTvis ucxoa.

2. RmerTis mier samyaros Seqmna (Sesaqme)

RmerTi rom maradiuli, ucvleli, umaRlesi srulyo-
fileba, yvelafris Semqmneli da safuZvelia, es Sua sauku-
neebis religiuri da filosofiuri azrovnebis saerTo
Tvalsazrisia. magram, roca sakiTxi dgeba RmerTisa da sam-

1
uZvelesi redaqciebi basili kesarielis `equsTa dReTa¡sa~ da
grigol noselis Targmanebisa `kacisa agebulebisaT¢s~. Tb.,
1964, gv. 199.
2
iqve, gv. 200.
3
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 29-30.

244
yaros mimarTebaze, maSin misi gadawyveta sxvadasxvanairad
xdeba.
axla vnaxoT ra viTarebaa am mimarTebiT grigol nose-
lis RvTismetyvelebaSi. daviwyoT `dabadebis~ debulebiT –
`ese ars wigni Sesaqmisa cisa da queynisa~. am debulebaze
damyarebiT noseli aRiarebs, rom RmerTma pirvel rigSi
warmoSva ca da dedamiwa, romelTac mohyva sxeulis, haeris,
simZimisa da sisqis warmoSoba. Yyvela es warmoSobili urTi-
erTkavSirSia: `da iyo simtkice da simagre maTi – sibrZne
RmrTebisa¡ da Zali bunebasa Sina yovelTasa gansageblad
yovelTa~1.
Semdeg grigol noseli msjelobs cisa da dedamiwis
raobaze. cis arseba moZraobaSia, xolo dedamiwisa – uZ-
raobaSi: `xolo queyana¡ ara SeiZvris simtkicisagan T¢sisa
da ca¡ ara daewynarebis Zr¢isagan T¢sisa~2. yvelaferi, rac
aq iTqva, grigol noselis azriT, brZeni Semoqmedis (Rmer-
Tis) Semoqmedebis Sedegia da amis Sesaxeb ambobs kidec mose
winaswarmetyveli: `dasabamad qmna RmerTma ca¡ da qveyana¡~
da iqve amatebs: `da eseni daebadnes dasabamsa sibrZniTa
Semoqmedisa maTisa¡Ta, da ganazogna yovelni bunebani,
romelni Seicvalebian da gardaiqcevian~.
RmerTi casa da dedamiwas rom warmoqmnis, Semdgom
aRar ereva maTi moZraob-uZraobis saqmeSi, `rameTu Rmer-
Ti gareSe ars ori amisgan saqmeTa – Secvalebisagan da uZ-
raobasa~. rogorc vxedavT, grigol noselTan RmerTi pi-
rvelSemqmnelis funqcias asrulebs da Semdgom igi aRar
ereva samyaros mimdinare procesebSi.
grigol noselis Sesaqmeze Tvalsazrisis saintereso
da RrmasafuZvliani analizia mocemuli v. nesmelovis ga­
mo­kvlevaSi, sadac aRniSnulia, rom grigol noseli ar izi­
arebs warmarTi filosofosebis Sexedulebas, romlis Ta­

1
uZvelesi redaqciebi..., gv. 143.
2
iqve, gv. 144.

245
naxmadac, RmerTma misgan gansxvavebuli materiisgan Seqmna
samyaro an kidev samyaro gadmoedineba RmerTidan. am SemT­
xvevaSi samyaro RmerTis bunebis iqneboda, rac SeuZle­
belia. RmerTi swored dapirispirebulia samyarosadmi1.
nesmelovis am SeniSvnaSi sainteresoa grigol noselis
mier emanaciis principis uaryofa, romelic neoplatonuri
filosofiisTvis ase damaxasiaTebeli iyo.
v. nesmelovi exeba, agreTve, grigol noselis mier ma-
niqevelebisa da warmarTi filosofosebis kritikas ori
sawyisis Sesaxeb (RmerTi da materia, masala), romelTagan
erTi gaformebulia, xolo meore xdeba mxolod gareSe Za-
lis Carevis safuZvelze. Tu asea, maSin rogorRaa es uka-
naskneli damoukidebeli da maradiuli? am winaaRmdegobis
safuZvelze grigol noseli askvnis, rom maradiuli mxo­
lod RmerTia, materia aramaradiulia da RmerTma samyaro
Seqmna arafrisgan2. Mmagram RmerTma rom samyaro arafrisgan
Seqmna, amis gageba adamians gauWirdeba.
grigol noseli TxzulebaSi `sulisa da aRdgomis Sesax-
eb~ wers: `aravin Seitans eWvs imaSi, rom stiqionebi erT-
maneTis msgavsni arian da agreTve erTmaneTs Sordebian,
rac warmoadgens sxeulis Sedgenisa da daSlis safuZvels~3.
rogor xdeba stiqionebis SeerTebiT sagnis warmoSoba? am
kiTxvaze pasuxi mocemulia noselisa da misi dis dialogSi.
ise rogorc mxatvarma icis romeli feris SereviT miiReba
sasurveli feri, aseve sulmac unda icodes ra stiqionebis
SereviT ra sagani miiReba. swored sagnis Tvisebebis gaer-
TianebiT xdeba ukve daSlili sagnis kvlav aRdgena.
sabolood ras warmoadgens materia grigol noselis
mixedviT? materia warmoadgens sxvadasxva cnobili Tvise-

1
В. Несмелов. dasax. naSr., gv. 337.
2
iqve, gv. 338.
3
Григорий Нисский. Творения. М., 1862, ч. IV, gv. 227.

246
bebis – feris, raodenobis, wonisa da sxvaTa erTianobas. arc
erTi maTgani cal-calke sxeuli araa, magram erTianobaSi
qmnis sxeuls. es Tvisebebi gonebaSia da maTi gaerTianebis
safuZvelze warmoiqmneba sxeuli. a. briliantovis azriT, es
aris grigol noselis cnobili Tvalsazrisi materialuri
sxeulebis aramaterialuri safuZvlebis Sesaxeb.1
a. briliantovi aRniSnavs grigol noselis Sexedulebi-
sTvis damaxasiaTebel naklovanebaTa Sesaxeb, kerZod, gri­
gol noseli Tavis am mniSvnelovan Tvalsazriss ar ukavS-
irebs samyaros dasasrulze moZRvrebas, romelic aqve aqvs
ganxiluli. a. briliantovis azriT, rogorc sxva bevr adgi-
las, aqac grigol noseli kmayofildeba imiT, rom upasuxos
mocemul siZneles da ar zrunavs imaze – ewinaaRmdegeba Tu
ara misi es mosazreba Tavisive moZRvrebis sxva punqtebs2.
v. nesmelovi grigol noselis Tvalsazriss materi-
aluri sagnebis aramaterialuri safuZvlebis Sesaxeb Zalze
mniSvnelovnad miiCnevs. Tavis gamokvlevaSi mas vrclad exe-
ba da aRniSnavs, rom, grigol noselis azriT, absoluturma
wminda gonebam (ese igi RmerTma) ararsi arsad aqcia, roca
rTuli daSladi sagnebi Seqmna. es rom asea, eWvgareSea da
vinc amas ar daijerebs, susti gonebisaa da moklebulia
filosofiuri daskvnebis unars3. Semdeg v. nesmelovi exeba
grigol noselis im Tvalsazriss, romlis Tanaxmad, mate-
rialuri sagnebi Tvisebebis erTianobaa da Tu ar iqneba es
Tvisebebi, ar iqneba arc sagani. avtoris azriT, grigol
noselma materialuri samyaros aramaterialuri safuZvlis
daSvebiT daaskvna absoluturi gonebis mier grZnobadi sam-
yaros sagnebis Seqmna.

А. Бриллиантов. Влияние восточного богословия на западное в

1

произведениях Иоанна Скота Эригены. С-Петербург, 1898, gv. 188.

2
iqve, gv. 189.
3
В. Несмелов. dasax. naSr., gv. 240.

247
 grigol noseli iziarebs mose winaswarmetyvelis azrs
RmerTis mier cisa da miwis meyseulad Seqmnis Sesaxeb da
aRniSnavs, rom `wmida werilis~ es azri gacilebiT Rrmaa,
vidre es erTi SexedviT Cans. amasTan, casa da miwaSi igu­
lisxmeba yvela sagnis saerTo moculoba da erTianoba.
grigol noselis azriT, adamians ufleba aqvs dasvas kiTx-
va – Tu rogor aqcia RmerTma ararsi arsad, magram is am
kiTxvas verasodes gascems pasuxs, vinaidan RmerTma “ Cven
dagvimala Tavisi dawvrilebiTi codna~1.
zemoTqmulis safuZvelze v. nesmelovi asknis: `viciT,
rom RmerTis yovlad mZlavri neba sibrZnea da RmerTis
sibrZne yovlad mZlavria da amis safuZvelze unda virw-
munoT: am brZenma da yovlad Zlierma nebam, miuRweveli
saxiT ararsis sferodan ucbad arsad aqcia Cveni samyaros
ZiriTadi stiqionebi da maTSi Cado Semdgomi arsebebis yve-
la mizezi da mizani~2.
v. nesmelovis SeniSvniT, grigol noselTan, bibliur
Tqmulebebze damyarebiT, aRniSnulia, rom samyaros org-
vari Seqmna moxda: zogadi da kerZo: pirvel SeqmnaSi ucbad
moxda samyaros Zalebis gadasvla ararsidan arsSi; meore-
Si ki – am Zalebis TavmoyriTa da gaerTianebiT, mTeli es
grZno­badi samyaro Tanamimdevrulad warmoiqmna.
amis Semdeg v. nesmelovi exeba RmerTis mier samyaros
eqvs dReSi Seqmnis siZneleebs – bibliuri Tqmulebebis
winaaRmdegobriv xasiaTs, rac grigol noselis gansjis sa-
ganic iyo. Ees azri, v. nesmelovis SeniSvniT, grigol nosels,
basili didis msgavsad, pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT esmoda.
magram aq aris erTi, arsebiTi xasiaTis siZnele, romelsac
jer kidev kliment aleqsandrielma miaqcia yuradReba. ker-
Zod, Tuki samyaros Seqmna eqvs dRes grZeldeba, maSin azrs
kargavs samyaros ucabedi, meyseuli Seqmnis aqti. gamodis,

В. Несмелов. dasax. naSr., gv. 243.

1

iqve, gv. 244.

2

248
rom RmerTis sityva da saqme erTmaneTs Sordeba. amitomac
iyo, rom kliment aleqsandrielma mose winaswarmetyvelis
naambobi RmerTis mier samyaros eqvs dReSi Seqmnaze, ro-
gorc specialurad adamianebisTvis iolad gagebis mizniT
SemuSavebul azrad miiCnia. sinamdvileSi ki basili didisa
da grigol noselisTvis es ase ar iyo. swored amitomac
maT mose winaswarmetyvelis naambobi pirdapiri mniSvnelo-
biT esmodaT. Tu es asea, maSin RmerTi ar unda monawile-
obdes ararsidan arsebulis warmoSobis aqtSi. aq is azria
Cadebuli, rom Seqmnas aucileblad dro sWirdeba, Rmer-
Tis moqmedeba ki dros ar eqvemdebareba da Tu samyaros
eqvs dReSi Seqmnis faqti realuria, maSin SeuZlebelia am
aqtSi RmerTis monawileoba. v. nesmelovi SeniSnavs, rom am
siZneleebis gamo IV saukunis saeklesio mamebi am kiTxvebis
dayenebas eridebodnen.
amis miuxedavad, grigol noseli cdilobs am kiTx-
vaze pasuxis gacemas da sabolood is am sakiTxSi kliment
aleqsandrielis poziciaze dgeba. kerZod, igi aRiarebs,
rom RmerTi meyseuli Seqmnis Semdeg, aRar monawileobs
yoveldRiur arsebaTa gaformebaSi.
v. nesmelovis azriT, grigol noselma garkveuli as-
peqtiT moxsna siZnele, romelic dakavSirebulia RmerTisa
da misi droiT moqmedebas Soris mimarTebasTan da aCvena,
rom dReebi sWirdeba samyaros da ara RmerTs; pirvelad
meyseulad moxda ararsis arsad qceva, Semdeg, roca samya-
ros ebrZana mowesrigeba, man eqvs dReSi aRasrula Rmer-
Tis neba. `amgvarad, aq RmerTis yovliSemZleobac SenarCu-
nebulia da dReebicaa aRiarebuli. samyaros mier RmerTis
nebis ganxorcielebisTvis; droisa da yovlisSemZleobis es
Serigeba, grigol noselis Taviseburi ganmartebis sakmao
safuZvelia~1.

В. Несмелов. dasax. naSr., gv. 350.

1

249
 rogorc grigol noselis Txzulebidan, ise v. nes-
melovis gamoklevidan cxadad Cans, rom Sesaqmis sakiTxSi
grigol noselis Semoqmedebis ZiriTadi siZnele – droSi
samyaros Seqmnis Tvalsazrisia. RmerTis zedrouli mo-
qmedebis Segueba iyo. am siZnelis daZlevisTvis grigol
noselma dauSva RmerTis mier ararsidan arsis warmoqm-
na meyseulad (faqtobrivad aq drois faqtori gamoric­
xulia), xolo sxeulebad gaformeba droSi xdeba, raSic
RmerTi ukve aRar monawileobs. albaT, ar SevcdebiT Tu
vityviT, rom am mxriv neoplatonikosTa emanaciuri Tval-
sazrisi ufro srulyofilia, vidre grigol noselis mso-
flmxedvelobaSi RmerTis mier ararsidan arsis Seqmna da
misgan gancalkevebiT sagnebis droSi gaformeba, rasac
xelovnurobis elferi dahkravs.

3. adamiani, rogorc RmerTis xati

grigol noselis SemoqmedebaSi mniSvnelovani adgili
ukavia RmerTis mier Tavis msgavsad adamianis Seqmnis moZ-
Rvrebas. Tavis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes TxzulebaSi – `ka-
cisa agebulebisaT¢s~ – igi msjelobs RmerTisadmi adami-
anis msgavsebaze, rom RmerTs arc erTi arseba ar hgavs,
garda adamianisa (`...rameTu arara¡ ars, arsTa Soris msgavs
RmerTisa viTarme Sesaqme kacisa¡~). aqve dasmul kiTxvas: –
ratom gaaCina yvelaze bolos RmerTma adamiani? am kiTx-
vaze grigol noseli ase pasuxobs: jer sameufeo unda iyos,
raTa Semdeg mefe movides. an kidev, roca stumari mogviva,
jer saxls SevamkobT, sastumros gavmarTavT da Semdgom
SevipatiJebT stumars.
grigol noselis azriT, RmerTma adamianis saxiT samya-
ros RvTaebrivi arseba mouvlina, ramdenadac adamiani, erTi
mxriv, RvTaebrivia, xolo, meore mxriv, xorcieli: `erTi

250
igi RmrTisa bunebiTa gonebisa¡Ta, xolo meore igi keTil-
iTa queyana¡saTa ganSuebad sagrZnobeliTa £orcieliTa~1.
grigol noseli tipuri kreacionistia, rac naTlad Cans
misi Tvalsazrisidan – ararsidan arsis warmoSobis Sesax-
eb. kreacionistulia, agreTve, misi azri imis Taobaze, rom
adamianis warmoSobas win uswrebda azri misi gaCenis Sesax-
eb – Tu rogori unda yofiliyo adamiani da igi ras unda
damsgavseboda: `xolo Sesaqmesa kacisasa ganzraxva¡ wina
uswrebs, viTar gamosaxos Seqmnuli da viTar iyos saxiTa
Semoqmedisagan, da viTar egebis yofad da rasa miemsgavsos,
da ra¡ iqmnes da ra¡ iyos saqme misi, da odes daebados da
rasa zeda mTavrobdes~2.
imis dasadastureblad, rom adamiani RmerTis xatia,
gri­gol noseli aRniSnavs: RmerTi – goneba da sityvaa da
adamianTanac gvxvdeba sityva da goneba, RvTaebrivi sibr-
Zne: `da rameTu RmerTi hxedavs yovelsave, da esmis yo-
veli ese da gamoeZiebs yovelsave, da Senca kualad gaqus
xilva¡ da smena¡ da sibrZne cxoveli, romelTa gamoeZieb
yovelsave~3.
RmerTma adamiani Tavis xatad Seqmna. magram isic cxa-
dia, rom RmerTi maradiulia, is sxeuls ar Seicavs, yovlad
srulyofili da unakloa. adamiani ki, piriqiT, sasrulia,
aramaradiulia, naklovania, da a. S. aq bunebrivia kiTxva: –
rogor SeiZleba xorcieli da cvalebadi adamiani hgavdes
uxorco, maradiul RmerTs? grigol noseli sakiTxis sa-
Tanado ganxilvis Semdeg im daskvnamde midis, rom adamiani,
romelic Seqmna RmerTma, Tavdapirvelad unaklo da keTi-
li iyo (`da ra Jams daebada, ara dahbada igi nakluleva-
nad da Seqmna mas Sina keTili ra¡me, romelsa arsa Sina~). es
pirveli adamiani, romelic RmerTma moavlina, xelmwife da

1
uZvelesi redaqciebi..., gv. 147.
2
uZvelesi redaqciebi..., gv. 148.
3
iqve, gv. 150.

251
gamgebelia, vinaidan SeuZlebelia, rom RmerTs Tavisi xati
aseTad ar gaeCina. swored es pirveli adamiani – RmerTis
xati – aris RmerTis msgavsi da ara Semdgomi, codvasa da
gaWirvebaSi myofi. Ggrigol noselis azriT, sul sxvaa pir-
veli adamiani da sul sxvaa axlandeli: `aw ukue gamoviZioT
sityva¡ zedamiwevniT, rameTu vhpovebT kacsa mas msgavssa
RmerTisasa, viTarmed sxua¡ iyo da ara awindeli ese Wirsa
Sina ganfrdili~1.
es pirveli adamiani aris adami, romelic maradiuli
xatebaa. rac Seexeba adamis Semdgom mamakacisa da dedaka-
cis gaCenas, amis mizezi, grigol noselis azriT, naTesaveb-
is gaCenis mizniT unda iyos. xolo, Tu ratom datova pi-
rvelma adamianma es ucodvelobis safexuri, amis Taobaze
aRniSnavs, rom pirveli adamiani Tavisuflebam daRupa,
rasac mohyva adamianis mamakacad da dedakacad dayofa,
rac adamianis ufro pirutyvuli bunebis gamoxatulebaa:
`...viTarmed kaci ese xelmwife yofad ars, da mavali ne-
basa zeda TavisTa T¢sisasa, da rameTu midrekadca ars,
viTar-igi iqmna, maSin gamosaxa xatisa misT¢sa T¢sisa mam-
akaceba¡ da dedakaceba¡, romelni-igi ara arian Zirsa masa
Sina, aramed, viTar igi vTquT, maxlobel ars bunebasa mas
pirutyuebrsa~2.
RmerTis mier adamianis Tavis xatad gaCenis grigol
noseliseulis Tvalsazrisis saintereso interpretacias
vxdebiT a. briliantovisa da a. martinovis gamokvlevebSi.
a. briliantovi grigol noselis am Tvalsazrisis Sefaseb-
isas mimarTavs paralelebs avgustines moZRvrebasTan da
aCvenebs, agreTve, gansxvavebas am sakiTxSi aRmosavleTisa
da dasavleTis moazrovneebs Soris.
avgustines azriT, Tuki adamiani RmerTis saxea, maSin
adamianis sulSi rac imyofeba, is RmerTSic unda imyofe-

uZvelesi redaqciebi..., gv. 179.

1

iqve, gv. 181.

2

252
bodes (sulis Semecnebis meSveobiT, Cven mivalT RmerTis
Semecnebamde). grigol noselTan ki aRniSnulis sapirisp-
iro viTarebaa. kerZod, Tuki adamiani RmerTis saxea, maSin
Cven adamianis sulSi SegviZlia da unda movnaxoT is, rac
igulisxmeba RmerTis arsebaSi, rac CvenTvis metwilad cno-
bilia gamocxadebiT. grigol noselTan RmerTis Semecnebas
mivyavarT adamianis Semecnebamde1.
a. briliantovis SeniSvniT, Tuki avgustines surs, rom
RvTismetyvelebas miuyenos subieqtur-fsiqologiuri me-
Todi, grigol noseli, piriqiT, obieqtur-metafizikur
meTods mimarTavs. igi cdilobs, rom RvTismetyvelebis
meTodi fsiqologiasa da anTropologiazec gaavrcelos.
rogorc vxedavT, – ganagrZobs a. briliantovi, – grigol
noseli, roca ayalibebs moZRvrebas adamianze, RmerTis
cnebidan amodis. am viTarebaSi misi mTavari azria – Rmer-
Ti aris sikeTis absoluturi sisavse da adamianSi, rogorc
RmerTis saxeSi, es sikeTe aRibeWdeba. Aa. briliantovi imo­
wmebs Sesabamis adgils grigol noselis naSromidan: `is,
rac moipoveba TviTmyofadad adamianSi, es mas mocemuli
aqvs RmerTisgan; gansxvaveba RmerTsa da adamians Soris
mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igive sikeTe (RmerTSi rom sikeTea,
– m. m.) arsebobs adamianSi, rogorc gansakuTrebul, Seqm-
nil da cvalebadobas daqvemdebarebul subieqtSi~2.
grigol noselis es Tvalsazrisi kavSirSi unda iyos
neoplatonizmsa da qristianul neoplatonizmTan (areopa­
gitika), kerZod, neoplatonikosebis im mTavar azrTan, rom-
lis Tanaxmad, mTeli sinamdvilis saTaveSi aris pirveli
erTi, anu RmerTi da rac arsebobs – arsebobs RmerTis
meSveobiT3. magram aq gansxvavebac aris. neoplatonizmSi es

1
А. Бриллиантов. dasax. naSr., gv. 179.
2
iqve, gv. 180.
3
Sdr. plotine. V eneada, me-5 wigni, $ 5., areopagitika. `saR­mrTo­
Ta saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 33.

253
azri mTel sinamdvileze vrceldeba, maSin roca grigol
noselTan mxolod adamianzea laparaki. am mimarTebiT mxo­
lod adamiania RmerTTan kavSirSi. magram, ramdenadac ada-
miani sinamdvilis nawilia, amdenad, aq SeiZleba iTqvas im
siaxlovezec, rac arsebobs neoplatonizmsa da grigol
noselis msoflmxedvelobas Soris.
grigol noselis msoflmxedvelobaSi adamianze moZ-
Rvrebas gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia. RmerTisa da samya-
ros mimarTebis garkvevisas centralur adgilze iseve ada-
mianis problema dgas. swored amis gamo grigol noselis
msoflmxedvelobas upiratesad anTropologiurad miiCne-
ven: `episkoposi noseli, namdvilad warmoadgens IV saukunis
qristian mwerlebs Soris yvelaze gamoCenil filosofoss
– anTropologs~1.
a. martinovis azriT, grigol noselisTvis, rogorc an-
Tropologiuri geniisTvis, damaxasiaTebelia ori Tviseba:
gare sinamdvileze safuZvliani dakvirveba da ganyenebuli
metafizikuri sagnebis Rrma gaazreba. pirveliT is Tavis
anTropologias empiriulad afuZnebs, xolo meore safuZ-
velze misi msoflmxedveloba filosofiur xasiaTs iRebs.
avtori iZleva, agreTve, grigol noselis im Tvalsazrisis
interpretacias, romlis Tanaxmad, grZnobadsa da gonier
samyaros Soris ufskrulia; maT erTmaneTTan araviTari
kavSiri ara aqvT da swored adamiania is arseba, romelSic
mocemulia es ori mxare – sxeulebrivi da sulieri (goni-
eris azriT). a. martinovis azriT, grigol noselTan sam-
yaroSi adamianis `Semoyvanas~ sagangebo funqcia ekisreba
da es kargad Cans misi Semdegi Tvalsazrisidanac: uamisod
`RvTaebrivi sxivi (miwaze) darCeboda daunaxavi, sityva –
daumowmebeli (daudasturebeli), sikeTe – ganucdeli da
a. S., rac igulisxmeba RmerTis arsebaSi~2.

А. Мартинов. dasax. naSr., gv. 44.

1

iqve, gv. 65.

2

254
 a. martinovis SeniSvniT, grigol noseli akritikebs
filosofosebs, romlebic adamians samyaros msgavsad mow-
yobilad miiCneven. isini ver xvdebian, rom amiT adamians
ki ar amaRleben, aramed, piriqiT, amcireben, vinaidan oTx
stiqions Seicavs koRoc da Tagvic1.
erTi SexedviT, grigol noselis msoflmxedvelobis
siaxlove neoplatonizmTan, kerZod, plotines filosofia-
sTan, SeiZleba davinaxoT misticizmis sakiTxSi. am sakiTxSi
sakuTriv grigol noselis moZRvrebasTan SeiZleba kavSiri
hqondes areopagitul misticizms. magram es siaxlove gare­
gania da meti araferi.
grigol noselis Tvalsazrisi mistikur eqstazze moce-
mulia mis TxzulebaSi `moses cxovrebis Sesaxeb~. i. popovis
SeniSvniT, es azri qristianul literaturaSi pirvelad wm.
gri­gol noselis TxzulebebSi gamoCnda2. amave avtoris az-
riT, grigol noselis mistikuri eqstazis Teoria filonis
moZRvrebidan momdinareobs.
grigol noseli RmerTis Wvretis gzaze sam safexurs
gamoyofs:
1) RmerTze miwerili grZnobadi warmodgenebis Ca-
moSoreba, rac warmoadgens wyvdiadidan sinaTleSi
gadasvlas; 2) Semdgom modis xilulis safuZvelze uxilavi
arsis Secnoba, romelic rogorRac RrubliTaa dafaruli;
3) amis Semdeg xdeba sulis mimarTva umaRlesi saganZu­
risken da miaRwevs Tu ara suli umaRles srulyofilebas,
Sedis is RmerTis brwyinvalebaSi, sadac mocemulia RvTae-
brivi wyvdia­di. `es mesame safexuri aris gaSmageba, eqstazi,
romlis drosac adamiani gamodis Tavisi Tavisgan~3.

1
А. Мартинов. dasax. naSr., gv. 77.
2
И. Попов. Личность и учение блаженного Августина. Сергиев Посад.
1916, т. I, ч. 1-2, gv. 2.
3
iqve, gv. 392.

255
 eqstazi RmerTze codnas ar iZleva. marTalia, RmerTi
saSualebas aZlevs suls igrZnos misi yofna, magram misi
bunebis uxilavobis gamo, misi cxadi xilva gamoricxulia,
radganac eqstazisTvis yovelgvari xilvadi da miRwevadi
unda gamoiricxos. amitomac eqstazSi aRqmisTvis rCeba
is, rac RmerTSi uxilavi da miuRwevelia. rac mTavaria,
eqstazis dros suli imecnebs, rom RmerTi Tavisi bunebiT
aRmatebulia yovelgvar xilvadsa da miRwevadze1.
aseTia mokled grigol noselis Tvalsazrisi adamianis
mier RmerTis mistikur Wvretaze, romelic mTlianad re-
ligiuri msoflmxedvelobis CarCoebSia moqceuli da gan-
sxvavdeba plotinesa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis Teo-
riul-inteleqtualuri xasiaTis misticizmisgan.

И. Попов. dasax. naSr., gv. 392-393.

1

256
 V Tavi

areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena

areopagitul moZRvrebas didi gavlena hqonda momdevno

drois rogorc religiur, ise filosofiur msoflmxedv-
elobebze, rac ganpirobebuli iyo am moZRvrebaSi arsebuli
Teologiuri da filosofiuri nakadebiT. areopagitikas-
Tan did siaxloves amJRavneben maqsime aRmsareblis, ioane
damaskelis, ioane skot eriugenas, maister ekhartis, Toma
akvinelis, nikoloz kuzanelisa da sxvaTa msoflmxedvelo-
bani.
areopagitikis gavlena zemoaRniSnul moazrovneTa
msoflmxedvelobebze sagangebo kvlevis sagani ar yofila.
magram sxvadasxva gamokvlevaSi vrclad aris miTiTebuli
amgvar gavlenaze. naSromSi gaTvaliswinebulia rogorc
ucxoeli, ise qarTvel mkvlevarTa Tvalsazrisebi areop-
agitul gavlenaze.

$ 1. areopagitika maqsime aRmsareblis komentarebSi

Sua saukuneebis religiur-filosofiuri azrovnebis

umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgenelia maqsime aRmsarebeli
(580-662), romelic `...wmida mamaTa moRvaweobis damsru­
lebeli da aRmosavluri sqolastikis (ioane damaskeli)
winamorbedia~1.

Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. Tb., 1981, I

1

nawili, gv. 126.

257
 maqsime aRmsarebelma vrceli ganmartebebi daurTo
areopagitul moZRvrebas, romelic qarTul enaze Targm-
na efrem mcirem. aRniSnul ganmartebebs didi mniSvnelo-
ba aqvs areopagitikis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT. cnobili
rusi mkvlevari aleqsandre briliantovi werda: `dionises
Semoqmedeba, romelsac ikvlevda eriugena, pirvel xanebSi
misTvis erTob bnelsa da Znelad gasagebs warmoadgenda. ma-
gram maqsime aRmsareblis ramdenime naSromis, upirvelesad
ki `grigol RvTismetyvelis qadagebanis rTuli adgilebis
ganmartebis~ gacnobis Semdeg, rac adre filosofosisT-
vis gaugebars warmoadgenda dionises SemoqmedebaSi, cxadi
gaxda am ganmartebebis wyalobiT~1.
maqsime aRmsareblisa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis
msoflmxedvelobaTa mimarTebis kvlevisas ZiriTadad ve-
myarebodiT aRmsareblis `ganmartebani dionise areopage-
lis Txzulebisa~2, misive traqtatebs `siyvarulisTvis~ da
`locvisTvis~, a. briliantovis dasaxelebul naSroms, sa-
dac zogadad da safuZvlianadaa gadmocemili aRmsareblis
ZiriTadi Txzulebis `grigol RvTismetyvelis qadagebanis
rTuli adgilebis ganmarteba~ – is ZiriTadi principebi da
m. WeliZis statias maqsime aRmsarebelze. Cveni kvelevis
procesSi ZiriTad dasayrdens warmoadgenda aRmsareblis
ganmartebani areopagitikaze, ramdenadac swored am naS-
romSi Cans yvelaze naTlad rogorc siaxlove, ise gansx-
vaveba am or moazrovnes Soris.

1
А. Бриллиантов. Влияние восточного богословия на западное в произ­
ведениях Иоанна Скота Эригены. С-Петербург, 1898, gv. 50.
2
vsargeblobdiT aRmosavleTmcodne zaira yolbaias momza­de­
buli teqstis xelnaweriT – `ganmartebani dionise areopagelis
Txzulebis~. avtori emyareba or xelnawers. A=A/110 (XII s.) B=A/684
(XI s.).

258
 1. moZRvreba RmerTze
maqsime aRmsarebeli RmerTis daxasiaTebisas ZiriTadad
iziarebs areopagitul Tvalsazriss. RmerTi aris martivi,
erTsaxeobiTi, uTvisebo da sxvasTan araziari arseba. is
yovlad Zlieri da usasruloa. Mmisgan gansxvavebiT, Seqmni-
li arsebebi SemTxveviTia, cvalebadobas ganicdis da mudam
saWiroebs RmerTis sibrZnes1. komentarebSi ki aRmsarebeli
wers: `xolo RmerTi yovelTa adgilTa ars, arca xorcie-
lebiT, aramed dambadeblobiT. rameTu casa da queyanasa
igi aRavsebs, da garegan maT yovelTasa (cnobil ars). da
ese ars misda ganuzomeloba-miuwvdomeloba Zalisa da ar-
sebisa misisa, romlis cnobasa aqa dafarul-ganuzomeloba
uwods~2. maqsime aRmsareblis es Tvalsazrisi zogadi xa-
siaTisaa da amis mixedviT Znelia gaarkvio areopagitika-
sTan misi mimarTeba. Tumca isic naTelia, rom RmerTis es
daxasiaTeba ZiriTadad Teologiuri msoflmxedvelobis
poziciidan xdeba. Mmagram mosazreba `rameTu casa da quey-
anasa igi aRavsebs, da garegan maT yovelTasa (cnobil) ars~,
garkveul filosofiur datvirTvasac Seicavs.
saidan momdinareobs Cveni warmodgena RmerTze? am
kiTxvaze aRmsarebeli ase pasuxobs: sakuTriv ras warmoad-
gens RmerTi, CvenTvis es gaugebaria; is mxolod mis Seqmni-
lebSi mJRavndeba da masze SeiZleba vilaparakoT mis mier
SeqmnilTa safuZvelze: `RmerTis warmodgena da mosazreba
SesaZlebelia mxolod CvenTvis misaRwevi samyarodan aRe-
bul formebSi, romlebic ver gamoxataven mis arsebas~3. aR-
niSnulidan gamomdinare, aRmsarebeli daaskvnis: Cven Seg-
viZlia SevimecnoT is, rom aris RmerTi, magram, Tu ra aris
RmerTi, amis gageba CvenTvis miuRwevelia.

1
Максим Исповедник. О любви. При святеишем синоде. 1819, gv. 182.
2
maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani dionise areopagelis
Txzulebis~. xelnaweri, gv. 11.
3
А. Бриллиантов. dasax. naSr., gv. 200.

259
 areopagitul moZRvrebasTan siaxloves amJRavnebs aRm-
sareblis Semdegi Tvalsazrisi: `RvTaebriv arsebas yvelaze
metad Seefereba epiTetebi: usazRvro, usawyiso, usasrulo
da a. S., romlebic gamoxatavs mxolod imas, rac ar aris
RmerTi da ara imas, Tu ra aris RmerTi~1. fsevdo-dioni-
se areopagelic araerTxel imeorebs am azrs da traqta-
tSi `saidumlod RmrTis-metyvelebisaT¢s~ aseT daskvnas
akeTebs: `kualad munve aRvalT da vity¢T, viTarmed arca
sul ars, arca goneba, arca ocneba, arca neba, anu mqone-
bel sity¢sa gina mogonebisa... arca sidide, arca simcire,
arca sworeba... arca saukune, arca Jam... arca sxua rame
Cuengan gina sx¢sa visme arsTaganisada cnobil~2. unda aRi-
niSnos, rom RmerTis amgvari warmodgena uaryofiTi pre-
dikatebiT saerTod damaxasiaTebeli iyo Sua saukuneebis
rogorc religiuri, ise filosofiuri azrovnebisTvis da
aqedan gamomdinare, ar SeiZleba es CaiTvalos specifiku-
rad fsevdo-dionisesa da maqsime aRmsareblis msoflmxed-
velobebisTvis. Cven mier aRniSnulis mizani iyo maT Soris
Tanmxvedri Tvalsazrisis warmoCena.
amis Semdeg maqsime aRmsarebeli ixilavs da ganmartavs
areopagituli moZRvrebis im Tvalsazriss, romlis Tanax-
madac RmerTisadmi uarsos, aracocxalis, ugonebos... mi-
wera niSnavs ara gonebis arqonas, ara sicocxlis arqonas,
aramed maT zeSTa aRmatebulobas.~3 maSin, roca yvelafers
amas adamianze pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT vlaparakobT; aR-
niSnuli areopagituli Tvalsazrisis maqsimeseuli komen-
tari adasturebs a. briliantovis mosazrebas, rom aRmsare-
belma areopagitikis rTuli adgilebi naTelyo da gasagebi
gaxada. Sesabamisi ganmarteba komentarebidan aseTia: `da es
ars Zala sityuaTa amaT moZRurisaTa¡ viTarmed Cuenni ara
ars myofelni moklebanni sity¢sani misda aRmateba iqmnebi-

1
А. Бриллиантов. dasax. naSr., gv. 200.
2
areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 228.
3
iqve, `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 70.

260
an, rameTu CuenT¢s usaxoba¡ ara arsoba ars, xolo misT¢s
amas cxadhyofs viTarmed zeSTa ars yovelTa saxeTa~1. aq
aRmsarebeli erTmaneTisgan ganasxvavebs imas, rac RmerTs
miewereba, imisagan, rac adamians miewereba. kerZod, Tuki,
RmerTs, magaliTad, mivawerT gonebis arqonas, sicocxlis
arqonas da a. S. es imis maCvenebelia, rom RmerTi aRemateba
gonebas, sicocxles da a. S. maSin, roca Tu yvelafers amas
adamianis misamarTiT vityviT, es azri pirdapiri mniSvne-
lobiT unda iqnes gagebuli.
RmerTze fsevdo-dionises moZRvrebis ganxilvisas, maq-
sime aRmsarebeli kvlav ubrundeba aRniSnul areopagitul
Tvalsazriss: `xolo sityuani ese viTarmed arca bnel ars,
arca sacTur, arca WeSmariteba¡. kacobrivTa CuhulebiTa
sity¢saTa dausxman es, rameTu Cuen kacTa naTeli bnelsa
wina aRudginoT, da WeSmariteba sacTursa~2. aq, rogorc
vxedavT, aRmsarebeli xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom is, rac
adamianisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, ar SeiZleba gavrcele-
bul iqnes RmerTze. amasTan, umaRlesi arseba erTia da
masSi araferi araa dapirispirebuli, maSin, roca adamians
SuZlia `naTeli bnelsa win aRudginos~, xolo `WeSmariteba
sacTursa~. es niSnavs, rom dapirispireba dakavSirebulia
adamianTan da ara RmerTTan.
rogorc ukve araerTgzis aRiniSna, fsevdo-dionises
azriT, RmerTi erTia: maqsime aRmsarebeli areopagituli
moZRvrebis am adgils iyenebs maniqevelTa winaaRmdeg, ro-
melTac ori sapirispiro sawyisis arseboba dauSves. sabo-
lood ki aseT daskvnas akeTebs: `vina¡ca cxad ars viTarmed
yovlad daumtkicebel ars Sjulisdeba¡ uwesod orTa dasa-
bamTa yofisa¡~3.
maqsime aRmsareblis SemoqmedebaSi didi yuradReba
eqceva areopagitikaSi mocemuli RmerTis dadebiTsa da

1
maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 51.
2
iqve, gv. 416.
3
iqve, gv. 92.

261
uaryofiT daxasiaTeba. aRmsarebeli, fsevdo-dionises am
Tvalsazriss ase ganmartavs: `mateba uku ars raodeni ra¡
RmrTisaT¢s yofad iTqumis da wariTqumis viTar arseba¡,
naTeli da sxuani msgavsni amaTni, xolo mokleba arian
raodenn ucxo yofad RmrTisagan iTqumian, da ukuiTqumi-
an, viTarmed ara rogorc ars RmerTi, arca sul, arca
sxua¡ ra¡me maTgani romelni sacnaurebaTa, anu sagrZnobe-
lobaTa Sina Semom¢rdebian Cuen; vina¡ca arsTa¡ ese cnoba¡
RmrTisaT¢s ucnaureba ars, rameTu aquTa mier cnobaTa ara
gancxadebad movals, aramed umetesad daifarvis~1. aRmsare-
blis es ganmartebani darTulia fsevdo-dionise areopage-
lis Sromaze `mistikuri Teologia~. amasTan, aRmsarebeli
areopagitul wignebSi sxvadasxva adgilas mocemul Sexedu-
lebebs katafatikasa da apofatikaze aerTianebs da saer-
To komentars ukeTebs. Mmagram is arsebiTad axals arafers
ambobs da mxolod ganmartebiT kmayofildeba, Tumca es
ganmarteba ufro naTels xdis areopagituli moZRvrebis
am rTul adgilebs.
maqsime aRmsarebeli, marTalia, ZiriTadad areopagiti-
kis rTuli adgilebis naTelyofas isaxavs miznad, magram
bevr SemTxvevaSi mas ar akmayofilebs an kidev ar izi-
arebs fsevdo-dionises pozicias ama Tu im sakiTxze. ase,
magaliTad, RmerTis daxasiaTebisas upiratesobas aniWebs
apofaTikur meTods da fsevdo-dionisesgan gansxvavebiT,
arsad ar laparakobs katafatikasa da apofatikaze, ro-
gor codnis meTodebze. apofatikur meTods aRmsarebeli
RmerTis dasaxasiaTeblad erTaderTad miiCnevs: `viTar
igi ars uxilavi uxorco¡; da msgavsi amaTni: da RmerTi-
saTs eseni oden iTqumian; romeli ese ukuTquma arian; da
ara warTquma hyofen, viTarmed ese ra¡me ara ars; rameTu
ra¡ igi ars RmerTi, mis gamoTquma¡ da mogoneba¡ yovlad
SeuZlebel ars; viTarme ese aw TqmulTa amaT moZRvarisa-

maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 410.

1

262
Ta Zalica gulis£ma gvyofs...~1. aq aRniSnulis dadasture-
baa aRmsareblis mier sxva adgilas gamoTqmuli mosazreba,
romlis Tanaxmad, apofatika RmerTs ufro Seefereba da
roca RmerTs uaryofiTad vaxasiaTebT, es ukeTesia.2
aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis RvTismetyvelebaSi kata-
fatikisa da apofatikis mimarTebaze saintereso Tvalsaz-
risi aqvs gamoTqmuli a. briliantovs, romlis Tanaxmadac,
aRmosavleTis RvTismetyvelebaSi katafatika da apofatika
erTmaneTs upirispirdeba; dasavleTisaSi – ara. amis Se-
sabamisad maT gansxvavebulad aqvT warmodgenili RmerTis
mier samyaros Seqmnis procesi. rogorc dasavleTis, ise
aRmosavleTis RvTismetyvelTaTvis samyaro RvTaebrivi
aqtis Sedegia. es Seqmna ki RmerTma ganaxorciela winaswari
ideis mixedviT3. dasavlur RvTismetyvelTa Tanaxmad, imis
msgavsad, rogorc adamianis azrebi misi sulis siRrmidan
ibadeba, asevea RvTaebrivi ideebic, romlebic RmerTis mi-
eraa dabadebuli da gamoxatavs mis arsebas. swored amis
gamo RvTaebidan momdinare ideebi RmerTs ar unda iqnes
CamoSorebuli. rogori saxiT xorcieldeba da arsebobs es
ideebi samyaroSi? a. briliantovis azriT, am kiTxvaze pa-
suxi moipoveba avgustinesTan. avgustines azriT, iseve ro-
gorc adamianis ideebi arsebobas garegani masalis meSveo-
biT iZens, asevea RmerTic. RmerTma jer arafrisgan Seqmna
uformo materia da Semdeg masze gaavrcela ideebi4.
aRmosavluri RvTismetyvelebis mixedviT ki, marTalia,
ideebi RmerTidan momdinareobs, magram mas ver gamoxatavs,
radgan RmerTi maTTvis aRmatebuli da miuRwevelia. ama-
sTan, es ideebi sasruli samyaros arsebebisgan gansxvavebu-
ladaa miCneuli. aRmosavlur RvTismetyvelebaSi usafuZv-
lodaa gamocxadebuli RmerTisa da adamianis moqmedebebs

1
maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 134.
2
iqve, gv. 209.
3
А. Бриллиантов. dasax. naSr., 222.
4
iqve, gv. 223.

263
Soris analogia. samyaro ki ideebis mixedviT Seqmnilad
aris aRiarebuli da, garkveuli azriT, maT ganxorcielebas
warmoadgens. magram es jer kidev ar aris sruli ganxor-
cieleba. RmerTis daxmarebiT sasruli arsebebi mxolod
miiswrafvian ganxorcielebisken. aRmosavlur RvTismetyve­
lebaSi idea ara mxolod mizezia, aramed mizanic1.
maqsime aRmsareblisTvis miuRebelia fsevdo-dionises
Tvalsazrisi katafatikisa da apofatikis mimarTebaze. Ees
iqidanac Cans, rom, roca is exeba katafatikis areopagitul
gagebas, cdilobs masSi iseTi Sinaarsi Cados, romelic ukve
katafatikis safuZvlad RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis
idea aRar iqmneba moazrebuli: `xolo sak¢relman diono-
si ra¡Jams warTquma¡ warTqumasa zeda dahrTo, ganCineba¡
qmna; da ra Jams Tqua, viTarmed arayofa¡ ara ars RmrTi-
sa¡. amiT oriTa waTqumiTa ganCinebiT RmerTs Semoukriba
yoveli yofa¡. Dda kualad amiT-viTarmed ver Zaluc mas ara
SeZleba¡. Dda ara icis man ara cebna¡ da mecniereba¡ da amas
yovelsa zeda dahrTo; viTarmed ese yovelni viTar ara
cebna¡ da ver SeZleba¡ moklebiTad da gareganad iTqumian
misT¢s – ara bunebiTad da guamovnebiTad; da ese viTarve
ars sityua¡ igi. viTarmed SemZlebel ars Ze TaviT T¢siT
saqmed rasme...~2.
am vrceli amonaweridan mTavari is aris, rom areopa­
gitul katafatikaSi aRmsarebels yuradReba gadaaqvs isev
RmerTis yovlisSemZleobaze da gverds uvlis katafati-
kuri daxasiaTebis iseT mniSvnelovansa da arsebiT mxares,
rogoricaa RmerTis yvelgan myofoba. Ees ar aris SemTxvevi-
Ti, radganac aq areopagitikis Teologiur interpretacia-
sTan gvaqvs saqme.
maqsime aRmsareblis rogorc ZiriTad SromaSi, ise mis
komentarebSi areopagitikaze ganmtkicebulia azri RmerTis
Seumecnebadobasa da miuRwevlobaze. AamiT ki aRmsareblis

А. Бриллиантов. dasax. naSr., gv. 223.

1

maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 150.

2

264
msoflmxedvelobaSi gza exsneba RmerTis mistikur Wvretas.
misi azriT, arsebebi RmerTisken miiswrafvian. es imis gamo
xdeba, rom RmerTi yvela arsebulTa dasabami da saboloo
mizania: `dasabamad yovelTa iTqumis RmerTi, viTarca ara
arsisagan arsad momyvanebeli arsTa. xolo dasasrulad
viTarca mpyrobeli... da ganmgebeli yovelTa~1. Aaq mTavaria
gairkves is, Tu rogor xdeba miswrafeba dablidan maRl-
isken, anu umdablesi arsebebidan umaRlesi arsebebisken?
aRniSnul kiTxvaze nawilobriv pasuxi gvxvdeba aRm-
sareblis traqtatSi `siyvarulisTvis~, sadac aRniSnulia:
pirvelad Cven vcdilobT siyvarulis cecxliT SevicnoT
RmerTis arseba. Mmagram, roca vnaxavT, rom es SeuZlebelia
(radganac Seqmnils ar SuZlia Semqmnelis Semecneba), amis
Semdeg Cven ganvWvretT mas (e. i. RmerTs), mis maradiulo-
bas, ganusazRvrelobas, aRuwerlobas (e. i. Semecnebis enaze
gamouTqmelobas) da mivalT im daskvnamde, rom RmerTi Seu-
mecnebelia, gamouTqmelia da a. S.2 aRmsarebeli aRniSnavs,
rom RmerTis miuwvdomlobas, rogorc faqtis Semecnebas,
emateba gonebis xedva3. amis Sesaxeb qadagebdnen grigol
RvTismetyveli da dionise, – ambobs aRmsarebeli.
RmerTisken adamianis miswrafebis gzaze maqsime aRm-
sarebeli did mniSvnelobas aniWebs locvas. aRmsareblis
azriT, Llocvis ori saxe arsebobs: erTi damaxasiaTebelia
Semoqmedi adamianebisTvis, meore – mWevrmetyvelTaTvis.
Llocvis erTi saxe ganpirobebulia RvTis SiSiTa da keTi-
li imedebiT, xolo meore – RvTis siyvaruliTa da umaR-
lesi siwmindiT. Llocvis pirveli saxis SemTxvevaSi goneba
iSorebs yovelgvar amqveyniurs, Tavis TavSi Rrmavdeba da
RmerTis pirispiraa; meore SemTxvevaSi ki, goneba aRtace-
bulia RvTaebrivi sinaTliT da am dros igi RmerTis garda

1
maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 18.
2
Максим Исповедник. О любви. gv. 50.
3
Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. Tb., 1981, I
nawili, gv. 134.

265
verafers xedavs1. aq locvis meore saxe mistikur Wvretas
emsaxureba.
aRmsarebeli aRniSnuli traqtatis sxva adgilzec exeba
locvas da daaskvnis, rom locvis umaRlesi mdgomareoba
gulisxmobs gonebis yofnas xorcisa da samyaros gareSe.
`goneba srulyofil locvaSi auqmebs Tavis Tavs. CamoSor-
deba am samyaros yovelgvar Semecnebisgan~2. aq da sxvaganac
eWvgareSea, rom aRmsarebelTan locva mistikuri Wvretis
erTi umTavresi saSualebaa.
RmerTis gamocxadeba da misi mistikuri Wvretis
aucilebloba ufro mravalmxrivadaa warmodgenili maqsime
aRmsareblis mTavar SromaSi `wm. grigol RvTismetyvelis
rTuli adgilebis ganmartebani~. aRmsareblis azriT, RvTa­
ebrivi logosi ori saxiT mJRavndeba – bunebasa da `saRvTo
werilSi~. bunebaSi, mis mSvnierebaSi RvTaebrivi logosi
mJRavndeba im mizniT, rom adamiani daainteresos, survili
aRuZras da amiT sabolood logosis Semecnebamde mivides.
`am azriT bunebis Semecnebas mxolod garadamavali mniSvn-
eloba aqvs~3. vinc bunebis ganxilvidan gaigo Tu ra aris
WeSmariteba, is dainaxavda agreTve, rom gonebiT SeuZle-
belia movlenaTa yvela mravalgvarobis mocva, romlebSic
WeSmariteba mJRavndeba. amitomac is eZebs sxva saSualebas
RmerTis SemecnebisTvis4.
MaRmsareblis azriT, RmerTis Semecnebis meore wyaroa
`saRvTo werili~, romelic mxolod imaT `emsaxureba~, vinc
masSi ufro mets xedavs, vidre es erTi SexedviT Cans. isi-
ni, vinc bunebaSi imaze mets xedaven, rac sinamdvileSia,
emsgavsebian warmarT elinebs. magram ukeTesad arc isini
iqcevian, vinc marTalia, mimarTaven `saRvTo werils~, ma-
gram mis striqonebs iqiT ar ixedebian. Ees ukanasknelni ems-

1
Максим Исповедник. О любви. gv. 55-56.
2
iqve, gv. 92.
3
А. Бриллиантов. dasax. naSr., gv. 195.
4
iqve.

266
gavsebian iudevelebis RmerTis mkvlelebs, radganac amiT
isini auqmeben `saRvTo werilis~ cocxal sazriss, romelic
warmoadgens logoss1.
maqsime aRmsarebeli, RmerTis Semecnebis am ori wya­
ros ganxilvis Semdeg, gadadis mesame wyaroze. es aris
RmerTis gamocxadeba uSualod, mistikur WvretaSi. magram
es gza mxo­ lod angelozebsa da wmindanebs xelewifebaT.
wmindanebi am dros Tavisufalni arian yovelgvari miwieri
midrekilebebisgan. aRmsarebeli xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom
RmerTis mistikuri Wvreta wmindanTa xvedria da ara Cveu-
lebrivi adamianebisa. CvenTvis, ese igi Cveulebrivi adami-
anebisTvis, WeSmariteba, anu logosi, dafarulia `saRvTo
werilis~ striqonebsa da bunebis movlenebSi. amitomac,
vinc miiswrafvis RmerTis wvdomisken, `saRvTo werilisa~
da bunebis movlenebis Semecneba aucilebelia.2
RmerTis Semecnebaze maqsime aRmsareblis Tvalsazrisi
araTanamimdevrobiT xasiaTdeba da bundovanicaa. masTan
cxadad ar Cans, Tu RmerTis romel gamovlenaSi xerxdeba
misi ukeTesi Wvreta. am mxriv areopagituli moZRvrebis
mistikuri Tvalsazrisi logikurobiTa da Tanamimdevru-
lobiT xasiaTdeba. amasTan, aRmsarebelTan areopagituli
mistikis Teoriul-inteleqtualuri xasiaTis kvali ar
Cans. amitomac ar unda iyos SemTxveviTi, rom komentrebSi
aRmsarebeli dums areopagitul mistikaze.
maqsime aRmsareblis RmerTze moZRvrebis srulyofili
suraTi ar gveqneba, Tu ar ganvixilavT mis Tvalsazriss
`sacnaur ucnaurobaze~, anu `arcodnis codnaze~, rac
aRmsarebelTan sabolood niSnavs RmerTis Semecnebas ar-
codnis meSveobiT. aRmsarebeli ase ayenebs sakiTxs: Rmer-
Tis Semecneba arcodniT SeiZleba, magram am arcodnaSi
umecreba ar igulisxmeba: `rameTu ucnaurebiTa icnobebis

А. Бриллиантов. dasax. naSr., iqve.

1

iqve, gv. 195 (Sdr. agreTve, Sua saukuneebis filosofiis

2

istoriis problemebi. I nawili, gv. 129).

267
RmerTi. xolo ucnaurebasa ra vity¢T, ara uswavlelobasa
miersa umecrebasa vity¢T, rameTu uswavlelobiT umecari
suli T¢T amasca umecar ars, Tu viTar ucnaur ars Rmer-
Ti, romeli ese nawilTagani ars mecnierebisaTa, aramed mas
umecrebasa, romelTa martiv viqmnebiT, zeSTa mogonebaTa~1.
iqve aRmsarebeli amatebs, rom RmerTis Semecneba aravis ar
ESeuZlia, magram, Tuki `ese viTarca amas ra umecrebasa xeda
dahvsdgeT, saxe viqmnebiT pirveli yovelTa myofisa mis
saRmrTo¡sa erTobisa da simartivisa~. aq ki naTlad Cans,
rom aRmsareblis msoflmxedvelobaSi RmerTis Sesaxeb ar-
codnis daSveba ukve niSnavs mis WeSmarit bunebasTan miax-
loebas.
areopagitikasTan siaxlovis TvalsazrisiT sayur-
adReboa aRmsareblis Semdegi Tvalsazrisi: `amis Sem-
dgom moviqceviT uTmomelobiTasa mis dumilisagan, da
gulis£mavhyofT viTarmed umecar varT ucnaursa mierTgan
ganveyenebiT Ziebad ucnaurisa mis da ese ars ucnauroba¡
RmrTisa; xolo kualad ese ars yovlad sacnaureba¡ misi~2.
maqsime aRmsareblis azri, rom Cveni dumiliT, cod-
naze Tavis SekavebiT (ufro codnis pretenziis gauqmebiT),
ufro mets gavigebT RmerTis Sesaxeb da es arcodna `ucna­
ureba¡ misi~, RmerTis codnaa. `sacnaureba¡~ areopagituli
`saRmrTo bnelis~, `naTeli nislis~ Taviseburi ganmeoreba3.
maqsime aRmsarebeli aRniSnuliT ar kmayofildeba da
sabolood terminebs `sacnauri~ da `ucnauri~ aerTianebs
da RmerTis cnebis mimarT iyenebs: RmerTi, `aramed zogad
yovelTagan miuwvTomel ars da esoden ars sacnaur ucnau-
rebasa Sina misi sacnaureba¡; rameTu ra¡Jams Cuen qveynisani
zeSTa soflisa viqmneT da RmerTis moyvarebiT zecisa Za-

1
maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 24.
2
iqve.
3
aRniSnulis swor gagebas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba `vefxis­
tyaosanSi~ mocemuli `mziani Ramisa~ da `uJamo Jamis~ cnebebis
wyarosa da Sinaarsis dasadgenad.

268
liTa, maSin vscnobT viTarmed zogad yovelni varT bune-
basa da arsebasa RmrTisasa romel igi ars aRmricxvel
sazom arsTa¡~1. aRmsareblis `sacnauri ucnaureba¡~ ar-
codnis codnas niSnavs. ufro zustad ase iqneba: RmerTis,
misi bunebis, arsebis Sesaxeb arcodnis gacnobiereba aris
RmerTis codna. aq aRniSnuls mxolod erTs davamatebdiT:
maqsime aRmsarebeli `arcodnis codnis~ sakiTxSi Tavis
religiur koncefcias filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobiT
avsebs, radganac dapirispirebulTa gaerTianeba filoso-
fiaSi dasaSvebia da saerTod, neoplatonur-areopagituli
msoflmxedvelobidan gamomdinare moZRvrebebSi sapirispi-
roTa gaerTianeba Cveulebrivi movlena iyo (jordano bru-
no, gansakuTrebiT ki nikoloz kuzaneli).

2. arsebaTa warmoSoba
maqsime aRmsareblis mixedviT, yvelafris mizezi aris
RmerTi. `...viTarmed dasabamni da mizezni yovlisa soflisa
Sesaqmnisani Tavsa Soris T¢ssa aqundes RmerTsa samaradi-
sod da vina¡Tgan yovelnive mis mier daebadnes, cxad ars vi-
Tarmed mougonebeliTa miT nebiTa T¢siTa maradis wina¡Tve
uwyoda vieT dahbadebs. romel arian Jamni da saukuneni da
pirvel yovlisave amis xilulisa dabadebulisa uwyodna
yofadni mis mier viTar igi Tqumul ars~2.
aRmsareblis moZRvrebaSi RmerTi Tavisi surviliT
qmnis arsebebs da am Seqmnisas ararsidan warmoSobs arsis
samyaros, arsebulebs. yovladsrulma RmerTma, Tavis una­
ris Sesabamisad ararsidan Seqmna arsebulebi, ise rom amis
raime saWiroeba arc yofila, RmerTma Tavisi sikeTiT Seqmna
yvelaferi3. is qmnis, roca mas moesurveba4. `ganmartebani~-
Sic amis msgavsia naTqvami, magram maTgan erT debulebas

1
maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 51.
2
iqve, gv. 15 .
3
Максим Исповедник. О любви. gv. 144.
4
iqve, gv, 180.

269
unda mivaqcioT gansakuTrebuli yuradReba. aRmsarebeli
fsevdo-dionises daumowmeblad misi Tvalsazrisis inter-
pretacias axdens: `aha ese ra warmoity¢s mizezsa dabadebul-
Ta Sesaqmnisasa, viTarmed mxolod gardametebulebisaT¢sTa
T¢sTa saxierebaTa¡sa, ararsisagan arsi moiyvanna RmerTman
yovelni arsni... romlisa mier Seqmnilni yovelni msgavsad
Zalisa da datevnisa TiToeulisa~1.
aRmsareblis moZRvrebaSi ararsidan arsis warmoSoba
Seqmnis mTavari principia. RmerTi ararsidan qmnis arsebu-
lebs da yvelaferi es xdeba sikeTis siWarbis safuZvelze.
es idea aRmsareblis moZRvrebaSi fsevdo-dionise areopage-
lis msoflmxedvelobidan momdinareobs. magram aq mTavaria
is, rom aRmsarebels arsebiTi koreqtivi Seaqvs areopagiti-
kis Sesabamis debulebaSi. fsevdo-dionise aRniSnavs: `kad-
nier iqmnes sityua¡ WeSmariti amissaca Tqumad, viTarmed
T¢T masca yovelTa mizezsa saxierebisa gardametebulebiTa
hsuris yovelTa mimarT, yovelsave hyofs, yovelsave srul
hyofs, yovelsave ipyrobs, yovelsave moaqcevs~2.
damowmebuli adgilidan ar Cans, rom RmerTi ararsi-
dan qmnida arsebulebs. marTalia, aq aris saubari Seqmnaze,
magram es mainc ar niSnavs, rom am SeqmnaSi igulisxmeba
ararsidan warmoSoba. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es adgili erTi
naTeli sabuTia imisa, rom maqsime aRmsarebeli areopagi-
tikas Tavisi poziciidan ukeTebs interpretacias. igi sxva­
ganac araerTgzis aRniSnavs, rom RmerTi qmnis winaswari
gegmiT, sakuTari survilis Tanaxmad da a. S.
did interess iwvevs RmerTisa da mzis areopagituli
analogiis aRmsarebliseuli interpretacia. msgavs analo-
gias adrec mimarTavdnen (mag., platoni, plotine da sxvebi),
magram am analogiam areopagitul moZRvrebaSi sagangebo
mniSvneloba SeiZina. kerZod, am analogiis safuZvelze, are-
opagitikaSi arsebaTa aucileblobiT warmoSobis principia

maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 222.

1

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 38.

2

270
aRiarebuli. fsevdo-dionises es Tvalsazrisi azrovnebis
istoriaSi sxvadasxvanairadaa gagebuli.
rogorc ukve iTqva, areopagitikaSi aRniSnulia, rom
ise rogorc mze, aseve sikeTe (RmerTi) Tavis Zalebs gan-
fens yovelgvari winaswari arCevnisa da ganzraxvis gareSe1.
maqsime aRmsarebeli vrcel komentars ukeTebs areopa­
gitikis im adgils, sadac upirvelesad sayuradReboa ima-
ze miTiTeba, rom mzes araviTari arCevani ar gaaCnia da,
agreTve, imis aRniSvna, rom mze `aramed TuiT naTlad
dabadebul ars RmrTis mier~2, ese igi, mze RmerTis mieraa
Seqmnili. amiT aRmsarebeli areopagituli analogiis im
ZiriTad princips auqmebs, romelic sabolood arsebaTa
warmoSobis aucileblobis aRiarebamde unda mivides. TviT
mze ki, rogorc vxedavT, RvTaebrivi nebelobiTi aqtis
Sedegadaa miCneuli.
rac Seexeba uSualod mzesTan RmerTis analogias, aRm-
sareblis azriT, dionise patara da umniSvnelo Sedarebi-
sTvis moixmobs mzes. sinamdvileSi ki, RmerTsa da mzes
erTmaneTTan araferi saerTo ara aqvT. Sedarebas rom nam-
dvili, sruli msgavseba hqondes WeSmaritebasTan, maSin Se-
dareba saWiro ar iqneboda. eWvi ar aris, rom aRmsarebeli
cdilobs, rom areopagituli RmerTisa da mzis analogia
ubralo Sedarebad warmoadginos.
germaneli mkvlevari h. veertci ixilavs areopagiti-
kis am adgils da aRniSnavs, rom aq gansakuTrebiT yurad-
saRebia Semdegi: mze yovelgvari ganzraxvisa da arCevanis
gareSe asxivebs Tavis sinaTles. veertci arc RmerTsa da
arc RmerTis mier samyaros SeqmnaSi ar gulisxmobs winas-
wari ganzraxvisa da arCevanos arsebobas. misi azriT, mar-
Tali iyo nimaieri, roca aRniSnavda: dionisem mas Semdeg,
rac uaryo nebis, azrovnebisa da siyvarulis Tavisufle-

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 29-30.

1

maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani ...~, gv. 46.

2

271
ba, erTs dauqvemdebara aucileblobis principi, romelic
TviT masSi Zevs1.
es adgili Toma akvinels sxvanairad aqvs gagebuli.
Tomas azriT, ganagrZobs h. veertci, RmerTi arCevans ar
akeTebs im azriT, rom is yvela arsebuls ise uziarebs sik-
eTes, rom mzis msgavsad erTxelac ar dafiqrdeba, – mzisa,
romelic Tavis sxivs yvelgan mohfens da es yvelaferi
(am sxivis meSveobiT) isev masve eziareba. Tomas am gagebis
mixedviT, aq gamoTqmuli unda iyos sikeTis universaluro-
ba2. h. veertci ar iziarebs akvinelis pozicias da aRniSnavs,
rom am debulebaSi ufro metia naTqvami da mxolod amiT ar
amoiwureba mzisa da RmerTis Sedareba. dionise am Sedar-
ebas axdens ara mxolod ganfenis TvalsazrisiT, aramed is
adarebs erTmaneTs RmerTisa da mzis moqmedebis wess. mzis
moqmedeba ki imaSi mdgomareobs, rom is moqmedebs ara gan-
zraxviT, ara arCevaniT, aramed arsebiT. RmerTic asea?
svams kiTxvas veertci. Tomas komentarebSi, ganagrZobs is,
Toma pasuxobs, rom, rac iTqva mzeze, ar vrceldeba Rmer-
Tze. RmerTs mxolod is pozitiuri SeniSvnebi exeba, rom-
lis mixedviTac mze Tavisi arsebobiT yovelive arsebulis
safuZvelia.
es adgili maqsime aRmsarebels Toma akvinelis msgavsad
esmoda. misi azriT, mzis magaliTi pirdapiri mniSvnelo-
biT ki ar und gavigoT, aramed ase: RmerTsa da mzes So-
ris msgav­seba imaSia, rom rogorc mze Tavad aris sinaTle
da anaTebs, asevea RmerTic. sikeTe misTvis aqcidenturi
Tviseba ki ar aris, aramed RmerTi sikeTis arsebaa. is Ta-
visi sikeTiT yvelas sikeTes mohfens. am azrs iziarebs gri-
gol paximeric3.

1
H. Weertz. Die Gotteslehre des Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita und ihre
Einwirkung auf Thomas von Aquin. Köln, 1908, gv. 27.
2
iqve.
3
iqve.

272
 RmerTisa da mzis areopagitul analogiaze aRmsare-
blisa da akvinelis ase sagangebo yuradRebis gamaxvileba
imis maCvenebelia, rom es Tvalsazrisi orTodoqsul mso-
flmxedvelobaSi mudam eWvs iwvevda.

3. sikeTe da boroteba
maqsime aRmsarebeli `ganmartebaSi~ ZiriTadad mihyveba
sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis areopagitul Tvalsa-
zriss, romlis Tanaxmad, sikeTe absoluturi principia, bo-
roteba uarso da SemTxveviTi movlena, is sikeTis klebaa.
Tumca `komentarebSi~ gvxvdeba aseTi Tvalsazrisic: `sada
dasabami ars ueWvelad mun dasasrulica da ukeTu ars arsi,
ueW¢lad yofad ars ararsica. da ukeTu keTil ars, iyos
borotica~1. aq sikeTesTan erTad borotebac daSvebulia.
rogori axsna unda moeZebnos amas? SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom
aq borotebaze laparakia yoveldRiuri cxovrebis Tvalsa-
zrisiT, romelsac aravin uaryofs. boroteba raRacnairad
(Tugind SemTxveviTad) rom ar arsebobdes, maSin mis winaaR-
mdeg brZolas azri daekargeboda. ase rom, SeiZleba sauba-
ri exebodes borotebas arasubstanciuri mniSvnelobiT.
aRmsarebels sainteresod aqvs ganxiluli RmerTisa da
sikeTis mimarTeba: `rameTu RmerTi bunebiT da arsebiT T¢T
saxiereba ars. xolo Semdgomni misni da misgan dabadebul-
ni yovelni mis mier miiReben madliT saxier yofasa missa
mimarT surviliTa. amisaT¢s jerovnad saxierebis saxe iwo-
debis da ara T¢iT saxiereba~2. aq ZiriTadad areopagituli
Tvalsazrisia gadmocemuli, Tumca masSi ufro meti sinaT-
lea Setanili da amasTan, aRmsarebeli yuradRebas amaxvi-
lebs RmerTis mier madliT sikeTis ganfenaze.
maqsime aRmsarebeli ixilavs borotebis sawyisis subs-
tanciurobis sakiTxs, romelsac adgili aqvs maniqevelTa
SexedulebebSi. maniqevelTa Tvalsazrisis uarsayofad

maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 78.

1

iqve.
2

273
igi fsevdo-dionises imowmebs: `vina¡ca amier cxad ars
viTarmed erTi saxieri da keTili dasabami aris yovelTa
dabadebulTa¡~1. aRmsarebeli xSirad mimarTavs areopagi-
tikas aRniSnuli sakiTxis gasarkvevad. saubrobs agreTve,
borotebaze, rogorc sikeTis klebaze, romelsac damou-
kidebeli arseboba ar gaaCnia. aRmsareblis Tvalsazri-
si sabolood asea Camoyalibebuli: `aramed uguaro da
ukana¡sknel Semosrul ars boroti. SemTxueviTYmoklebiTa
keTilsa¡Ta. da ara bunebiT qonebiTa guamovnebisa¡Ta, ara-
med T¢Tmfloblad dabadebulni, raodenca keTilisagan
moakldebodin egoden boroti Semovals maT zeda. viTarca
Tualsa xedvisagan daklebulsa zeda sibrma¡~2. aq aRmsare-
beli pirdapir imeorebs areopagitul Tvalsazriss.
`ganmartebani~-Si aRmsarebeli ZiriTadad kmayofil-
deba areopagituli zogad-Teoriuli msjelobiT sikeTisa
da borotebis mimarTebaze da axals arafers ambobs. rac
Seexeba traqtats `siyvarulisTvis~, aq ukve msjeloba exeba
sikeTisa da borotebis praqtikul daniSnulebas. amiT ki
naTlad Cans, rom maqsime aRmsarebels, rogorc qristian
RvTismetyvels, es sakiTxebi upirvelesad ainteresebs cxo-
vrebiseuli movlenebisadmi misadageblad.
maqsime aRmsarebelTan gvxvdeba asketizmis moTxo-
vnac: vinc moaswrebs namdvili cxovrebisgan (igulisxmeba
yoveldRiuri xorcieli cxovreba, – m. m.) gandgomas, mis-
Tvis sxeulis sikvdilic warmoadgens ara sikvdils, aramed
borotebisgan gaTavisuflebas, borotebis dasasruls3. es
ki Sorsaa areopagituli Tvalsazrisisgan, romlisTvisac
ucxoa asketizmi.
maqsime aRmsarebeli, fsevdo-dionise areopagelisgan
gansxvavebiT, rogorc sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis
sakiTxSi, ise siyvarulze moZRvrebaSi, ufro adamianis

1
maqsime aRmsarebeli. `ganmartebani...~, gv. 79.
2
iqve, gv. 81.
3
А. Бриллиантов. dasax. naSr., gv. 211-212.

274
praqtikuli moRvaweobiTaa dainteresebuli, vidre Teo-
riuliT. ase rom, misi eTikuri pozicia ufro praqtiku-
lia, vidre – Teoriuli. aRmsareblis zneobrivi maqsima
aseTia: `ecade, ramdenadac SegiZlia giyvardes yvela ada-
miani; Tuki Sen amas ver SeZleb, maSin ukidures SemTxvevaSi,
nuravis nu SeiZuleb, magram amas Sen ver SeZleb, Tuki SenSi
ver daamarcxeb yovelgvar miwiers~1.
maqsime aRmsareblisTvis siyvarulze moZRvreba adamia-
nis zneobrivi srulyofis safuZvelia: vinc Sen gawyenina,
– aRniSnavs aRmsarebeli, – Tuki Senc imiTve upasuxeb, ma-
Sin icode, rom, rac iman sityviT gaakeTa, Sen amas saqmiT
akeTeb. Sen
�����������������������������������������������
unda aCveno siyvaruli saqmiT da Tu rame Se-
giZlia, unda daexmaro mas, raTa is borotebisgan gaTavi-
sufldes2.
am SemTxvevaSi���������������������������������������
, maqsime aRmsarebeli qristianuli mora-
lis mqadageblad gvevlineba da, rac mTavaria, Teoriuli
msjelobebiT qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis ganmtkice-
bas cdilobs.

$ 2. areopagitika da ioane damaskelis

msoflmxedveloba

1. winaswari SeniSvnebi
ioane damaskelis (675-753) mravalricxovan naSromTa
Soris Cveni gamokvlevisTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelova-
nia `codnis wyaro~, upirvelesad ki misi mesame nawili –
`gardamocema~. kvlevis miznebidan gamomdinare, SevexebiT
agreTve, `codnis wyaro-s~ pirvel (`dialeqtika~) da meore
(`wvalebaTaTvis~) nawilebsac.
`dialeqtikaSi~ yuradRebas imsaxurebs ioane damaskel-
is Tvalsazrisi substanciaze, romlis Tanaxmad, arsi aris
yvela arsebulTa saerTo saxeli. Tavis mxriv, igi iyofa

Максим исповедник. о любви. gv. 218.

1

iqve.
2

275
arsebad (substancia) da SemTxvevad (aqcidencia). `myofi
zogadi saxeli ars yovelTa myofTa¡. es ukue myofi gani-
kueTebis arsebisa mimarT da SemTxueviTisa~1. es adgili
efrem mcires mier asea Targmnili: `arsoba¡ zogadi saxeli
ars yovelTa arsTa¡ da ese saxeli arsobisa ganikueTebis
WeSmaritad arsad da SemTxueviTad~. rogorc vxedavT, ar-
sen iyalToelTan arsebuls (arss) ewodeba `myofi~, sub-
stancias – `arseba~, aqcidencias – `SemTxueviTi~. efrem
mciresTan Sesabamisad niSnavs: `arsoba¡~, `WeSmariti arsi~
da `SemTxveviTi arsi~.
ganxiluli msjelobis Semdeg ioane damaskeli ganmar-
tavs substanciisa da aqcidenciis mniSvnelobebs. substan-
cia aris iseTi ram, romelsac safuZveli Tavis TavSi aqvs
da Tavisi Tavis dafuZnebisTvis sxvas ar moiTxovs: `arseba
ukve ars saqme T¢T T¢siT myofi, ara-moqene sxvasai Semt-
kicebisa mimarT, ese igi ars Tavsa Soris Tiussa myofi da
ara sx¢sa Soris mqonebeli yofisa¡~2. rogorc vxedavT, io-
ane damaskelTan RmerTi gagebulia, rogorc TviTmizezi.
aRniSnul sakiTxSi ioane damaskelis Tvalsazrisi
siaxloves amJRavnebs areopagitul moZRvrebasTan. fsev-
do-dionises azriT, RmerTi martivia da ganusazRvreli,
romelsac arsi sakuTar TavSi gaaCnia.
did yuradRebas imsaxurebs ioane damaskelis mosazre-
bani substanciasa da bunebas Soris gansxvavebaze. damaske-
lis azriT, filosofosebi ganasxvavebdnen substanciasa
da bunebas, anu arsebasa da bunebas. arseba aris martivad
yofna, xolo buneba aRniSnavs iseT substancias, romelic
gansazRvruli unda iyos arsebiTi gansxvavebulobiT da ro-

1
ioane damaskeli. dialeqtika. qarTuli Targmanebis teqsti
gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo maia rafavam. Tb.,
1976, gv. 74.
2
iqve.

276
melic sayovelTao arss uerTebs arsis Tvisebriv gansxva­
vebulobas1.
ioane damaskelis azriT, warmarTi filosofosebi
cnebiT – `buneba~ aRniSnavdnen ama Tu im konkretul mov-
lenas da agreTve, saganSi mocemul im Zalas, romelic sa-
gans moZraobisken mimarTavs. amasTan, es Zalebi yovel ar-
sebaSi RmerTisgan momdinareobs.
ioane damaskelis es msjelobani aristoteles filoso-
fiasTanaa axlos, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca gansazRvru-
lia arsebis cneba. magram, roca saubari Seexeba Semoqmedis
(RmerTis) mier arsebebisadmi moZraobis aRmZvreli Zalebis
miniWebas, aq unda iyos neoplatonizmis gavlenac. kerZod,
swored neoplatonikosebTan aris gamokveTili azri imis
Sesaxeb, rom arsebebs yovelgvari unari RmerTis wyalobiT
aqvT.
ioane damaskelis msoflmxedvelobaSi RvTaebis mier
miniWebuli unari sxvadasxvanairia, kerZod, imis mixedviT,
Tu igi ra arsebaa. ase magaliTad, angelozebs miniWebuli
aqvT saerTod gagebisa da urTierTgagebis unari sityvis
warmoTqmis gareSe, adamianebs ki – gansjisa da sityvis
meSveobiT urTierTdakavSireba, cxovelebs – sicocxlis,
grZnobis Zala, mcenares – dabadebis, zrdis, kvebis Zala,
qvas gaxurebisa da gagrilebis da, agreTve, gadaadgilebis
unari sxvis meSveobiT2. aq cxadad Cans ioane damaskelis
msoflmxedvelobis siaxlove areopagitul moZRvrebasTan.
fsevdo-dionise areopagelis azriT, arsebulebs arsebo-
bisa da, saerTod, yovelgvari unari RmerTisgan aqvT mini-
Webuli3. amgvari Tvalsazrisi, saerTod, damaxasiaTebelia
Sua saukuneebis azrovnebisaTvis. amdenad, gasakviri ar
unda iyos sxvadasxva moazrovnis Tvalsazrisis Tanxvedra,
zogjer ki pirdapiri ganmeorebac. ase magaliTad, areopa­

1
ioane damaskeli. dialeqtika. gv. 98.
2
iqve.
3
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 31-33.

277
gitul moZRvrebaSi mcenareebsa da usulo arsebebsac ki
sikeTisgan (RmerTisgan) aqvT yovelgvari unari: `da nerg-
Taca yovelTa saxierebisaganve aqus cxoreba¡ moZravobiTi
da mozardobiTi da raodenni usulo da ucxovlo arseba
arian, saxierebisganve arian da mis mier arsebiTisa wesisa
qonebasa xuedrebul arian~1. rogorc vnaxeT, msgavsi viTa-
rebaa ioane damaskelis moZRvrebaSic.
ioane damaskelis SemoqmedebaSi mniSvnelovani adgili
ukavia Sua saukuneebis religiur-filosofiur azrovnebaSi
ase popularul dadebiT da uaryofiT Teologias.
`dialeqtikaSi~ aRniSnulia, rom RmerTis rogorc
dadebiTi (katafatika), ise uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba (apofa-
tika) SeiZleba: `saTanado ars cnobad, viTarmed waTquma¡ca
da ukuTquma¡ ukunaTqumad iwodebian~2. ioane damaskelis
mixedviT, dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba erTmaneTs
upirispirdeba da am dapirispirebaSi erT-erTi aucilebe-
lad mcdaria da meore WeSmariti: `axlo vina¡Tgan yovelsa
waTqumasa winaaRudgebis ukuTquma¡ da yovelsa ukuTqumasa
– waTquma¡... xolo jer-ars cnoba¡, viTarmed saWiro ars,
ra¡Ta erTi tyuodis da erTi WeSmaritebdes~3.
am punqtSi ioane damaskeli SesaZlebelia areopagitikas
akritikebdes kidec, sadac dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTo-
debi codnis sferoSi erTmaneTs ar upirispirdeba4. mar-
Talia, fsevdo-dionisesTan saubari exeba pirvelmizezis
(RmerTis) dadebiTsa da uaryofiT daxasiaTebebs, magram
es meTodebi, iseve rogorc ioane damaskelis filosofiaSi,
aseve areopagitikaSic, racionaluri codnis meTodebia.
RmerTi, ioane damaskelis azriT, erTicaa da samic, igi
gadmocemulia sam ipostazSi, magram yvelaferi es yovel-
gvar saxeze maRla mdgomia, vinaidan RmerTi miuRwevelia,

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 31.
2
ioane damaskeli. dialeqtika. gv. 166.
3
iqve.
4
areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224.

278
igi unda virwmunoT, ar unda gamovikvlioT da ar unda
davasabuToT, vinaidan, rac ufro gamoikvleva, miT ufro
Seumecnebelia igi da, rac ufro cnobimoyvareobas gamovi-
CenT, ufro daimaleba.
`codnis wyaros~ meore nawils Seadgens moZRvreba `ere-
sebis~ Sesaxeb (Zveli qarTuliT – `wvalebaTaT¢s~), romelic
filosofiuri kvlevis mizniT mniSvnelobas moklebulia.
rogorc ukve vnaxeT, ioane damaskeli `dialeqtikaSi~
gavrcelebuli Tvalsazrisis sawinaaRmdegod calkeul Sem-
TxvevebSi mihyveba an Sordeba neoplatonur filosofias.
neoplatonizmsa da areopagitikasTan siaxlove da daSo-
reba gansakuTrebiT naTlad mJRavndeba SromaSi – `gar-
damocema ucilobeli marTlmadidebelisa sarwmunoebaSi~
(`gardamocemai~).
es siaxlove da daSoreba upirvelesad SeimCneva Sua
saukuneebis epoqisTvis ZiriTad saazrovno problemebze
msjelobisas. es problemebia: moZRvreba RmerTze, Seqmnaze,
sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebaze. am ZiriTadi proble-
mebis irgvliv Tavs iyris sxva danarCeni sakiTxebi.

2. moZRvreba RmerTze
ioane damaskelis mixedviT, RmerTi gamouTqmeli, aRu-
wereli da miuRwevelia, radganac igi usawyisoa, usasrulo
da yvelafris momcvelia1. gamocxadebis gareSe TviT qer-
ubimebsa da serafimebsac (ra Tqma unda, adamianebsac) ar
SeuZliaT RmerTis Semecneba. mxolod RmerTia aRuwereli.
RmerTis amgvari warmodgena, saerTod, damaxasiaTebelia
rogorc im periodis religiuri msoflmxedvelobisaTvis,
ise adreneoplatonuri filosofiisTvis. amitomac aq Zne-
lia imis garkveva, Tu damaskeli vis Tvalsazriss mihyveba.
ioane damaskelis azriT, yvelaferi RmerTis Sesaxeb
Cven gvemcnoba kanonisa da winaswarmetyvelebis, Semdgom ki
misi msgavsi (e. i. RmerTis msgavsi) Ze-Ti, batoniT, Rmer-

Иоанн Дамаскин. Полное собрание сочинений. С-Петербург, 1913, т. I, gv. 1-2.

1

279
TiT da Cveni mxsnelis ieso qristes meSveobiT. amitomac,
Cven amiT vkmayofildebiT, ar veZebT imaze mets (rac ga-
mocxadebiT gvaqvs miRebuli). vfiqrobT, rom aq naTlad
Cans ioane damaskelis religiuri msoflmxedvelobis arsi.
yvelaferi es ki efuZneba imas, rom RmerTi zeaRmatebulia,
gamouTqmelia da mis Sesaxeb, saerTod, pozitiuri codna
SeuZlebelia.
ioane damaskelis SemoqmedebaSi naTlad Cans adamianis
uZlureba umaRlesi saidumloebis wvdomisas. amis gamo, ro-
gorc damaskeli ambobs, RmerTi zrunavs adamianze. RmerT-
ma, rogorc yvelafris mcodnem, Cven `gadagviSala~ swored
is, romlis codna, daufleba SesaZlebelia da CvenTvis
sasargebloa. xolo yvela danarCenze, romelTa gageba da
codna Cven Zalebs aRemateba, RmerTi `gaCumda~1. es adgili
upirvelesad sainteresoa imiT, rom gamokveTilia RmerTis
transcendenturi buneba, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia
nebelobiTi aqti, yovelgvari qmnadobis ganxorcieleba wi-
naswar ganzraxulobiT.
RmerTis uaryofiTi daxasiaTebis (apofatika) Semdeg,
ioane damaskeli msjelobs qristeze. damaskelis azriT,
RmerTi da srulyofili adamiani erTi da igivea (srul­
yofil adamianSi qriste igulisxmeba). qriste or bunebaSi
Seicnoba, romelic aRWurvilia gonebiT, nebiT, moqmedebis
unariT... amave dros, igi erTi rTuli ipostazia. magram
yovelive is, Tu rogor `daeSva~ RmerTi adamianSi, gaCnda
adamianis saxiT, ucnobia da ar SegviZlia amaze vilapara-
koT. damaskelis es Tvalsazrisi qristes Sesaxeb umniS-
vnelovanesia da igi adamianis TviT arsebobis faqtis Rire-
bulad gamocxadebaze miuTiTebs. am TvalsazrisiT RmerTi
`miwazea Camoyvanili~ da xiluli sinamdvilec gaRvTae-
brivebulia.
ioane damaskeli RmerTis arsebobis aseT dasabuTebas
mimarTavs: arsebulni an Seqmnilia, an Seuqmneli. Seqmnili

Иоанн Дамаскин. dasax. naSr., gv. 2.

1

280
icvleba, vinaidan is, risi arsic cvalebadobis mizeziT
warmoiSva, cvalebadobas daeqvemdebareba, xolo Seuqmneli
ucvlelobiT xasiaTdeba. aq Zneli araa imis gageba, rom dam-
askeli cvalebadSi xilul sinamdviles gulisxmobs, xolo
ucvlelSi RmerTs. damaskelis azriT, samyaro mowesrige-
bulia da vin unda iyos misi mxatvari da momwesrigebeli,
Tu ara RmerTi1. maSasadame, RmerTis arsebobis damaskeli-
seuli dasabuTeba sabolood SeiZleba ase CamovayaliboT:
samyaroSi arsebobs wesrigi, unda iyos momwesrigebeli da
igi aris RmerTi. samyaroSi aris Seqmnili, romelic xasiaT-
deba cvalebadobiT, unda iyos Seqmnilis Semqmneli, ro-
melic ucvleli iqneba da aseTi aris RmerTi.
RmerTis arsebobis dasabuTebisTvis ioane damaskeli
`saRmrTo werils~ (Zveli da axali aRTqma) mimarTavs. Rmer-
Ti rom arsebobs, amaSi eWvis Setana SeuZlebelia, da es Cans
`saRmrTo werilidanac~, aRniSnavs damaskeli.
ioane damaskelis azriT, RmerTi erTia da ara mravali.
amis dasasabuTeblad igi mimarTavs `saRmrTo werilis~ av-
toritetebs, romelTa mixedviTac RmerTi erTia. magram
damaskeli amaze ar Cerdeba da mimarTavs RmerTis, rogorc
erTis, metafizikur dasabuTebas. es dasabuTeba neopla-
tonikosTa TvalsazrisTan axlosaa.
Tu RmerTi iqneba mravali, maSin iq, sadac erTia, ar
iqneba meore2. gamodis, rom RmerTi ar SeiZleba mrava-
li iyos imis gamo, rom RmerTi, rogorc srulyofili da
yvelafris momcveli arseba, SeuZlebelia sadme iyos da
sadme ara. amitomac sadac RmerTia, meorisTvis iq adgili
aRar rCeba. sxva SemTxvevaSi darRveuli iqneba RmerTis,
rogorc srulyofilis, principi. aq, damaskelis Sexedule-
bebi pirdapir emTxveva plotines Tvalsazriss.
RmerTis, rogorc erTis dasabuTebisas, damaskelis
TvalsazrisSi, TvalnaTliv SeimCneva areopagitikis gav-

Иоанн Дамаскин. dasax. naSr., gv. 6.

1

iqve, gv. 10.

2

281
lena. damaskelis azriT, Tu mravali RmerTi iqneboda,
maSin wesrigi moiSleba, vinaidan gansxvavebas winaaRmde-
gobamde mivyavarT. fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, dasabami
(pirvelmizezi, RmerTi) SeuZlebelia erTi ar iyos, vinaidan
sxva SemTxvevaSi igi, rogorc simravle, Tavisi Tavis wi-
naaRmdegi da damSleli iqneboda1. aq damaskelis Tvalsaz-
risis siaxlove areopagitul moZRvrebasTan eWvs ar unda
iwvevdes.
yuradReba unda mieqces erT garemoebas: fsevdo-dio-
nise areopagelTan gansakuTrebiT xazgasmulia, rom, Tuki
dasabami iqneba ori (e. i. simravle), maSin igi aRar iqneba
martivi da erTi (`...ra¡Tamca iyo igive dasabami ara martivi
da erTobiTi~). pirvelmizezi (RmerTi), rogorc martivi,
daSvebulia neoplatonur filosofiaSi. fsevdo-dionises
mxridan am Tvalsazrisis aRiareba faqtobrivad qristianul
msoflmxedvelobaSi neoplatonuri ideebis Semotanas niS-
navda. es ki ori didi msoflmxedvelobis gaerTianebis gza-
ze mniSvnelovani movlena iyo. am sakiTxSi ioane damaskeli
areopagitul moZRvrebas mihyveba.

3. RmerTisa da samyaros mimarTeba

ioane damaskeli mimarTavs platonis filosofiasa da
neoplatonizmSi, kerZod, areopagitikaSi kargad cnobil
RmerTisa da mzis analogias: RvTaeba, misi azriT, marti-
vi Semoqmedebaa, keTili da srulyofilia... igi (RmerTi),
rogorc mzis sxivi, yvelas aTbobs, nivTSi moqmedebs am
nivTis Tvisebebis mixedviT2. iqve aRniSnulia, rom nivTe-
bze RvTa­ebrivi Zalebi moqmedebs maTi unaris mixedviT. es
unari isev RvTaebisganaa. am punqtSi areopagitikis gavlena
TvalsaCinoa, Tumca areopagituli aucileblobis principi
aRar Cans.

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 49.

1

iqve, gv. 29.

2

282
 erT punqtSi gansakuTrebiT SeimCneva damaskel-
is msoflmxedvelobis siaxlove areopagitikasTan. dam-
askeli aRniSnavs: RmerTi yvelafris sawyisi da mizezia,
yvelafris arsebaa, sicocxlea, cocxal arsebaTa gonebaa.
igi yvelafris dasasrulia. maTi sawyisicaa da dasasrulic,
romlebic mas CamoSorda da ukuubrundeba. amis damadas-
turebeli adgilebi areopagitul moZRvrebaSi mravladaa.
SevCerdebiT erT maTganze. fsevdo-dionise areopagelis
azriT, arsebebs yvela Sesabamisi unari RmerTisgan aqvT
YminiWebuli. amasTan, yoveli arseba ubrundeba RmerTs maTi
unaris meSveobiT, romlebic agreTve, RmerTisgan aqvT. ase,
magaliTad, gonebis mqone RmerTTan erTiandeba SemecnebiT,
grZnobis matarebelni grZnobadobiT da a. S. TviT usulo
arsebebic ki, RvTaebrivia maTi arsebobis faqtiT1.
RmerTisa da samyaros mimarTebaze msjelobisas damas­
kelis msoflmxedveloba, erTi SexedviT, am sakiTxSic am-
JRavnebs siaxloves neoplatonur filosofiasTan, magram
arsebiTad igi sapirispiro Tvalsazrisia.
ioane damaskelis azriT, roca keTili RmerTi aRar da-
kmayofilda Tavisi Tavis WvretiT da sikeTis siWarbis gamo
moisurva, rom warmoqniliyo raRac, romelic momavalSi
misi sikeTiT isargeblebda. am warmoqmnisas RmerTi ararss
gardaqmnis arsebobad. RmerTi am dros qmnis yvelafers,
yovelgvari gamonaklisis gareSe, rogorc uxilavs, agreTve,
xilulsa da adamiansac. TviT adamiani Sedgeba xilulisa da
uxilavisgan (e. i. sulisa da sxeulisagan). aRniSnuli kre-
acionistuli Tvalsazrisis klasikuri nimuSia. pirvel rig-
Si yuradReba unda mieqces imas, rom damaskelTan garegnu-
lad aris siaxlove neoplatonur filosofiasTan. kerZod,
rogorc neoplatonizmSi, aqac warmoSobis safuZvelia
siWarbe (plotinesTan srulyofilebis siWarbe, prokles-
Tan potenciis siWarbe, fsevdo-dionisesTan `trfialebis~
siWarbe, damaskelTan sikeTis siWarbe). magram gansxvaveba

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 33.

1

283
ufro arsebiTia. damaskelTan am SemTxvevaSi sikeTes sub-
stanciis mniSvneloba ki ar aqvs, aramed eTikuri, kerZod, aq
saubaria RmerTze, rogorc keTilze. es ki miuTiTebs Rmer-
Tze, rogorc subieqtze, romelic qmnis sakuTari nebiTa da
surviliT. amas adasturebs aseTi gamoTqmebi: `RmerTi aRar
dakmayofilda~, `RmerTma sikeTis siWarbis gamo moisurva~,
`momavalSi misi sikeTiT isargebla~...
arsebaTa warmoSobis sakiTxSi ioane damaskelis kre-
acionizmi TiTqmis yvelgan mJRavndeba. am mxriv sayura­
dReboa, misi Semdegi Tvalsazrisi: keTilma, sayovelTaod
keTilma da zekeTilma RmerTma, masSi arsebuli sikeTis si-
Warbis gamo `aRar moiTmina~, rom sikeTe calke yofiliyo
da Seqmna sinamdvile pirvelad mxolod gonebiT misaRwevi
da ciuri Zalebi Seqmna, Semdgom xiluli da grZnobadi sa-
myaro, Semdgom adamiani (jer misi gonebiT misaRwevi nawili,
mere ki grZnobiT misaRwevi – jer suli da mere sxeuli).
ioane damaskeli am sakiTxSi ZiriTadad biblias emyareba.
RmerTis mier Seqmnili arsebebi, damaskelis azriT,
mudam monawileobs RvTaebriv sikeTeSi da es ara mxolod
imis gamo, rom RmerTma es arsebebi ararsidan arsis sfer-
oSi `gadaiyvana~ (arseboba mianiWa), aramed imitomac, rom
mis (RmerTis) Zalas inaxavas da Seicavs imas, rac misganaa
warmoSobili1.
RmerTi, Tavis srulyofilebisa da aRematebulobis
miuxedavad, `zrunavs~ arsebebze, gansakuTrebiT ki masTan
axlo myofebze. ase magaliTad, RmerTi cocxal arsebebze
ufro zrunavs, vidre aracocxlebze, radganac isini arse-
boben da monawileoben sicocxleSi da es arsebebi ufro
axlobelni arian RmerTTan2. damaskelisTvis goneba aris
RmerTTan erTianobis saSualeba. es mosazreba, rogorc
cota zemoT vnaxeT, gvxvdeba areopagitikaSic, sadac naTq-
vamia, rom gonieri arsebebi RvTaebasTan gaerTianebuli

Иоанн Дамаскин. dasax. naSr., gv. 218.

1

iqve, gv. 118-119.

2

284
arian Semecnebis unaris meSveobiT, grZnobadi mgrZnobelo-
bis meSveobiT da a. S. am punqtSi namdvilad aris siaxlove
areopagitikasa da damaskelis msoflmxedvelobas Soris,
Tumca yvelafers amas fsevdo-dionise areopagelTan ufro
mkacri sistemis saxe aqvs, vidre damaskelTan.
ioane damaskelis kreacionizmi kargad Cans agreTve,
msjelobaSi mamaRmerTsa da ZeRmerTze. rogor warmoiSva
Ze mamisgan? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisas damaskeli aRniS-
navs, rom saerTod mamaze maSin SeiZleba msjeloba, roca
warmoiSoba Svili. magram SeiZleba iTqvas – RmerTi gaxda
mama. SeiZleba, rom RmerTi ar iyos raime da gaxdes? RmerTi
maradiulia da amgvari ramis Tqma mis Sesaxeb dauSvebelia.
es warmoSoba sruliadac ar niSnavs RmerTis bunebidan war-
moSobas. am warmoSobis dros RmerTis buneba ar icvleba1.
damaskeli erTmaneTisgan asxvavebs dabadebasa da Se-
qmnas. dabadeba aris dambadeblis bunebidan misi msgavsis
gamoyvana, xolo Seqmna gulisxmobs, rom Semqmneli da Se-
qmnili sruliadac ar emsgavsebian erTmaneTs2. rogorc
vxedavT, SeqmnaSi damaskeli arafrisagan Seqmnas gulisx-
mobs, dabadebaSi ki – msgavsidan msgavsis gamoyvanas. ma-
gram RmerTSi, damaskelis mixedviT, dabadeba da Seqmna
erTi da igivea. es imis gamo, rom RmerTi, rogorc sru-
lyofileba, arc dabadebas eqvemdebareba da arc Seqmnas:
dabadeba usaw­ yiso da maradiulia, xolo Seqmna droSia3.
am azris naTelsayofad ioane damaskeli aseT Sedarebas
mimarTavs: erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba RmerTisa da ada-
mianis mier ganxorcielebuli Seqmna. adamiani ukve arsebu-
lidan qmnis, RmerTi ki – arafrisgan. RmerTma sakmarisia
isurvos da Seqmnac ganxorcieldeba. RmerTis mier ganxor-
cielebul Seqmna-dabadebas arc sawyisi aqvs da arc bolo.
ioane damaskelis msoflmxedvelobis es rTuli adgili, ase

1
Иоанн Дамаскин. dasax. naSr., gv. 16.
2
iqve, gv. 17.
3
iqve. gv. 17.

285
unda gavigoT: RmerTi rom dabadebas droSi axorcieleb-
des, maSin misi srulyofileba dairRveoda. am monakveTSi
dabadebisa da Seqmnis cnebebi damaskelTan araa dazuste-
buli, rac gansaxilveli problemis sirTuliT unda iyos
ganpirobebuli. aq erTmaneTSi gadanaskvulia Seqmnis fi-
losofiuri da religiuri Tvalsazrisi. `dabadebis~ dam-
askeliseuli analizi ufro qmnadobis filosofiur gagebas
gamoxatavs.
bolos damaskeli arCevs mamaRmerTisa da ZeRmerTis
mimarTebas. maT Soris msgavseba, damaskelis mixedviT, ima-
Sia, rom Ze, mamaRmerTis msgavsad, erTia. gansxvavebiT misgan
ki Ze-s axasiaTebs dabadeba1. magram es maradiuli mimarTe-
baa da mamaRmerTisgan Ze iseve ganuyofelia, rogorc cecx-
lisgan siTbo. Semdeg damaskeli ganixilavs suliwmidas da
daaskvnis, rom sami ipostazis safuZvels ar Seadgens Rmer-
Tis bunebis sirTule. es ipostazebi erTianobaSia da a. S.

4. katafatika da apofatika
`gardamocemis~ erT adgilze damaskeli aRniSnavs, rom
zogjer katafatika aRemateba apofatikas2. amgvari deb-
uleba Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi, miT umetes, RvTis­
metyvelebaSi, iSviaT gamonakliss warmoadgens. xSirad
mkvlevari ama Tu im moazrovnesTan Sefarul miniSnebebs
eZebs katafatikuri meTodis `sasargeblod~ TqmulSi. aq
ki sqolastikis mamamTavari acxadebs: zogjer katafatika
aRemateba apofatikaso. magram damaskelis es debuleba ar
unda cvlides saqmis saerTo viTarebas.
ioane damaskelis Tanaxmad, rodesac RmerTs dadebiTad
(katafatikurad) vaxasiaTebT da vambobT, rom igi aris sib-
nele, amiT sinaTlis sawinaaRmdegos ki ar vambobT, aramed
zesinaTles vaxasiaTebT. es mosazreba did rols asruleb-
da neoplatonur filosofiaSi, areopagitikaSi, Semdgom ki

Иоанн Дамаскин. dasax. naSr., gv. 19.

1

iqve, gv. 8.
2

286
eriugenas msoflmxedvelobaSi. magram yovel moazrovnes-
Tan es azri sxvadasxvanairi formiT iyo gadmocemuli.
ioane damaskelTan ki, rogorc vnaxeT, es Tvalsazrisi
katafatikis apofatikaze aRmatebulobis safuZveli gax-
da. am sakiTxSi ioane damaskelis msoflmxedveloba axlo-
saa are­opagitikasTan. fsevdo-dionise areopagelis azriT,
rodesac RmerTs gonebisa da grZnobis armqones (`ugonebo¡
da ugrZnobeloba¡~) vuwodebT, amiT mas ki ar vamcirebT,
piriqiT, mis zeaRmatebulebas aRvniSnavT: `viTar-igi us-
ityuobasaca vit¢iT zeSTasityuaobisaT¢s da usrulobasa
zeSTasrulisaT¢s~1.
rogorc fsevdo-dionisesTan, ise ioane damaskelTan
naTlad Cans, rom RmerTis daxasiaTebisas Cven ra niSnebsac
mivawerT mas, ar Seesabameba mis srulyofil bunebas. metic,
zogjer RmerTSi miwerili niSnis sapirispiro igulisxmeba.
yvelaferi amis mizezi ki isaa, rom RmerTis, rogorc yov-
lad srulyofilis, gamosaxatavad vsargeblobT naklovani
predikatebiT. amgvari Tvalsazrisi ki winaswarve Semdeg
daskvnas gulisxmobs: RmerTis miRweva, gamoxatva da mis
Sesaxeb raime dadebiTi codna SeuZlebelia. amas gulisx-
mobs rogorc fsevdo-dionise, ise ioane damaskelis mso-
flmxedveloba. RmerTisadmi uaryofiTi predikatebis mi-
wera ki ar niSnavs mis naklovanebas, aramed, piriqiT, misi
zeaRmatebulobis maCvenebelia (pirdapir mihyveba areopagi-
tikas), vinaidan igi raRac arsebulTagani ki araa, aramed
maTze zeaRmatebuli2. RmerTi dadebiTad xasiaTdeba im az-
riT, rom igi aris yvelafris mizezi. amis gamo mas uwodeben
gonebas, sibrZnes... unda SevniSnoT, rom ioane damaskels,
Cveni azriT, pirvelad azrovnebis istoriaSi, srulad aqvs
mocemuli dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTodebis analizi.
aseve originaluri Tu ara, srulyofili maincaa damas­
kelis Semdegi mosazrebani: RmerTi ufro im saxelebiT xa-

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 70.

1

Иоанн Дамаскин. dasax. naSr., gv. 34.

2

287
siaTdeba, romlebic axlosaa masTan. magaliTad, usxeulo
ufro gamoxatavs mis bunebas, vidre sxeulis mqone, sufTa,
vidre arasufTa, wminda, vidre ukanono da a. S. amitomac
RmerTi ufro mzed iwodeba, vidre wydiadad, dRed, vidre
Ramed, sicocxled, vidre sikvdilad da a. S. damaskeli askv-
nis, rom RmerTi ufro im arsebebiT SeiZleba gamovxatoT,
romlebic arseboben1. aq damaskelis Tvalsazrisis winaaR-
mdegobrivi xasiaTi Cans. sxvagan igi ambobs, rom RmerTze
ufro vityviT Tu ra ar aris, vidre ra aris.
ioane damaskelis azriT, RmerTs miewereba Semdegi
predikatebi: sikeTe da yovlismomcveloba. aq damaskeli
fsevdo-dionises imowmebs, romlis Tanaxmadac, RmerTis
upirvelesi saxelia sikeTe2. am mosazrebaSi upirvelesad
igulisxmeba, rom RmerTi da sikeTe erTmaneTisgan ganuy-
ofelia. amitom, roca vambobT `RmerTi~, masSi ukve igu-
lisxmeba sikeTe da – piriqiT.
RmerTis meore predikatia yovlismomcveloba3. amis
Semdeg damaskeli aRniSnavs, rom RmerTma yvelaferi gan-
Wvrita, hqonda yvelafris saxe da gegma. am mosazrebas
Tu neoplatonur msoflmxedvelobas (gansakuTrebiT ki
plotinesas) da areopagitikas SevadarebT, cxadi gaxdeba
ioane damaskelis Tvalsazrisis kreacionistuli xasiaTi.
maSin, roca plotinesTan RmerTs (pirvelmizezs) araviTari
gegma da survilebi ar gaaCnia. ase rom yofiliyo, maSin
RmerTi naklovani iqneboda. asea areopagitikaSic, RmerTi
yovelgvari arCevanis gareSe warmoSobs ise, rogorc mze...
RmerTi, rogorc sikeTe, arsi, ioane damaskelis azriT,
miuTiTebs imaze, rom igi arsebobs da ara imaze, Tu ra aris
igi. meore saxeli (yovlismomcveloba, yovlismWvreteloba,
yovlismxedveloba) misi Semoqmedebis maCvenebelia, xolo

1
Иоанн Дамаскин. dasax. naSr., gv. 34.
2
iqve.
3
iqve, gv. 28.

288
RmerTis daxasiaTeba, rogorc usasrulos, usawyisos... niS-
navs, rom is araa Seqmnili, usxeuloa, maradiulia...

5. sikeTeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba

ioane damaskeli sikeTisa da borotebis damokidebu­
lebis garkvevisas areopagituli Tvalsazrisis msgavs mo-
sazrebas gamoTqvams, Tumca am sakiTxSi es ori moazrovne
sabolood gansxvavebul poziciaze dgas. damaskelis az-
riT, `boroteba sxva araferia, Tu ara sikeTis kleba, ise,
rogorc sibnelea sinaTlis kleba, vinaidan sikeTe aris
sulieri sinaTle, xolo boroteba – sibnele~1. areopagi-
tikaSic zustad aseTi Tvalsazrisia gatarebuli. magram
fsevdo-dionise areopagelis mixedviT, borotebis gaCenis
safuZvelia sikeTis sxivis Sesusteba, erTi mxriv, da arse-
baTa mier sikeTis miuRebloba, meore mxriv. amasTan, fsev-
do-dionises mixedviT, boroteba SemTxveviTia da Cndeba
sikeTis Sesustebis Sedegad, erTi mxriv, da arsebaTa na-
kleb srulyofilebis gamo, meore mxriv. rac Seexeba io-
ane damaskels, marTalia, mis moZRvrebaSic aris saubari
borotebis gaCenaze sikeTis klebis Sedegad, magram masTan
borotebis mizezad gamocxadebulia adamianic.
boroteba, damaskelis azriT, adamianis TviTneburi
moqmedebis Sedegia. yvela arseba RmerTis mier Seqmnil-
ia, rogorc keTili, isini sakuTari TviTnebobiT xdebian
rogorc mSvenierni, ise borotni2. adamians borotebisken
ubiZgebs sxeuli. damaskelTan boroteba, materiasTanaa
dakavSirebuli, romelsac safuZveli antikur filosofiaSi
aqvs. mxolod plotines filosofiidan iwyeba sikeTis ab-
soluturobisa da borotebis arasubstanciurobis daSveba.
proklesTan, gansakuTrebiT ki areopagitikaSi, borotebis
yovelgvari mniSvneloba moxsnilia. rogorc vxedavT, am

Иоанн Дамаскин. dasax. naSr., gv. 50.

1

iqve, gv. 253-254.

2

289
sakiTxSic damaskelisa da areopagitul TvalsazrisTa So-
ris TvalsaCino gansxvavebaa.
ioane damaskeli saintereso mosazrebas gamoTqvams,
roca pasuxs iZleva Semdeg kiTxvebze: RmerTs ra uSlida
xels, rom mxolod sikeTe Seeqmna? ratom dauSva borote-
ba? damaskelis azriT, RmerTma adamiani samoTxeSi moa­
Tavsa da mas akrZaluli xili aCvena. Tuki adamiani cTune-
bas gauZlebda, maSin igi bednierebas eziareboda. magram
adamianma ver gauZlo cTunebas, ahyva eSmaks, risTvisac
daisaja kidec1. es araa saboloo pasuxi da damaskeli aq
gamoTqvams mosazrebas, romelic aRniSnul kiTxvaze erT-
erTi marjve pasuxi unda iyos. sxva saqmea, sworia Tu ara
es.
damaskelis pasuxi ki aseTia: gamoucdeli adamiani araf­
rad ar varga.
damaskeli akritikebs sikeTisa da borotebis, rogorc
sawyisebis daSvebas (asea areopagitikaSic). orive sawyisi
rom iyos, maSin maT Soris morigeba iqneboda saWiro. ma-
gram sikeTe, romelic borotebas Seegueboda, aRar iqne-
boda sikeTe da – piriqiT. asevea borotebac. maT Soris,
arc mSvidoba SeiZleba, vinaidan boroteba da mSvidoba gana
warmosagenia? maSasadame, aris erTi, yovelgvari borotebi-
sgan Tavisufali sawyisi. amitomac vambobT, rom boroteba
aris `sikeTis kleba~. aq areopagitikasTan siaxlove eWvga-
reSea. magram, radganac sxvagan damaskeli bolomde ver
icavs am princips, amitomac SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sikeTisa
da borotebis damokidebulebaze damaskelis Tvalsazrisi
Sinagani winaaRmdegobiTa da araTanamimdevrulobiT xasi­
aTdeba.
ioane damaskelis msoflmxedvelobisa da areopagi­
tuli moZRvrebis Sedarebis safuZvelze SeiZleba Semdegi
daskvnebis gakeTeba:

Иоанн Дамаскин. dasax. naSr., gv. 118.

1

290
 1. gavrcelebuli Tvalsazrisis sawinaaRmdegod, neo-
platonuri filosofiis gavlena aris damaskelis `diale-
qtikaSic~.
2. ioane damaskelisa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis
msoflmxedvelobaTa siaxlove gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinoa
moZRvrebaSi RmerTis (pirvelmizezis) Sesaxeb.
3. RmerTis mier arsebaTa warmoqmnis (Sesaqme) sakiTxSi
fsevdo-dionisesa da damaskelis Tvalsazriss Soris prin-
cipuli gansxvavebaa.
4. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis sakiTxSi ioane
damaskelis Tvalsazrisi zogierT sakiTxSi mihyveba areopa­
gitikas, Tumca sabolood masTan boroteba materiasTanaa
dakavSirebuli, rac ar gvxvdeba areopagitikaSi.
ioane damaskelis msoflmxedveloba aris Sua saukune­
ebSi filosofiuri da Teologiuri Tvalsazrisebis er-
Tianobis nimuSi, romelSic filosofia aRiarebulia, ro-
gorc mxo­lod Teologiis msaxuri.

$ 3. areopagitika da eriugenas filosofia

Sua saukuneebis filosofiis erT-erTi TvalsaCino

warmomadgenlia ioane skot eriugena (daaxl. 810-877). fi-
losofiis mkvlevarTa (a. briliantovi, a. vertelovski, k.
zam­­
s­tagi, v. pregeri, i. tatarski, T. qristilibi da sxv.)
umravlesobis azriT, eriugenas filosofia ZiriTadad
gansazRvrulia avgustines, grigol noselis, fsevdo-di-
onise areopagelisa da maqsime aRmsareblis msoflmxedv-
elobebiT; eriugenas ZiriTadi Sromis – `bunebis dayofis
Sesaxeb~ ganxilva naTels xdis am mosazrebis marTebulo-
bas. aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom eriugena xSirad mimarTavs
agreTve plotines, basili didis, grigol nazianzelis, io-
ane damaskelisa da sxvaTa Tvalsazrisebs.

291
 eriugenas filosofiis Sesaxeb qarTul mecnierebaSi
specialuri gamokvleva ar arsebobs1.
eriugenas Sesaxeb arsebobs a. briliantovis umniS-
vnelovanesi gamokvleva, romelic warmoadgens eriugenas
filosofiis yovelmxrivi ganxilvis pirvel cdas ruseTSi.
a. briliantovis gamokvlevaSi Rrmad da safuZvli-
anadaa gaanalizebuli eriugenas msoflmxedvelobis ro-
gorc filosofiuri, ise Teologiuri wyaroebi. naCvenebia
eriugenas filosofiis siaxlove areopagitul moZRvrebas-
Tan. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa a. briliantovis mosaz-
reba, romlis Tanaxmadac, adamianuri codna sabolood ver
swvdeba RmerTs. amasTan, a. briliantovis azriT, eriugena
apofatikuri RvTismetyvelebiT gadmoscems yovelgvari
adamianuri cnebebisa da saxelebis Seusabamobas absolutis
WeSmarit arsebasTan. am sakiTxSi eriugena axlosaa areopa­
gitul moZRvrebasTan2.
eriugenas Sromebi orgvari xasiaTisaa:
1. naTargmni literatura, romelSic Sedis: 1) areopagi-
tuli Txzulebani; 2) maqsime aRmsareblis Sromebi.
2. originaluri literatura: 1) winaswar gansazRvru-
lobebis Sesaxeb, romelic Seqmnilia manam, sanam eri-
ugena mTargmnelobiT moRvaweobas daiwyebda; 2) `bunebis
ganyofisTvis~3, romelzedac areopagitul moZRvrebas
didi gavlena hqonda. igi warmoadgens eriugenas ZiriTad
Sromas, romelSic mJRavndeba avtoris msoflmxedvelobis
siaxlove areopagitul moZRvrebasTan. eriugenas aqvs sxva
Sromebic.

1
qarTvel mecnierTagan ioane skot eriugenas filosofias
sxvadasxva kuTxiT Seexen S. nucubiZe, m. gogoberiZe, m. WeliZe,
g. TevzaZe.
2
А. Бриллиантов. Влияние восточного богословия на западное в
произведениях Иоанна Скота Эригены. С-Петербург, 1898, gv. 276.
3
Iohanes Scotus Erigena.Über die Eintheilung der Natur. Leipzig, 1874, Abt I,
(1-3 Buch). 1870, Abt. II, 4-5 Buch.

292
 eriugenas Sroma `bunebis ganyofisTvis~ iwyeba maswav-
leblisa (eriugenas) da moswavles Soris saubriT sayov-
elTao bunebaze. eriugenas azriT, buneba imis sayovelTao
saxelia, rac aris da rac ar aris1. am sayovelTao bunebaSi
avtori asxvavebs oTx formas:
I. buneba, romelic qmnis, magram TviT araa Seqmnili;
II. buneba, romelic Seqmnilia da amasTan, qmnis;
III. buneba, romelic Seqmnilia, magram ar qmnis;
IV. buneba, romelic arc Seqmnilia da arc qmnis.
am oTx formaTagan eriugenas mixedviT, I da III, II da
IV erTmaneTs upirispirdeba. eriugenas mier sayovelTao
bunebis dayofa oTx formad, filosofiis istoriaSi ax-
ali sityva iyo. swored amis gamo h. riteri eriugenas am
Tvalsazriss originalurad miiCnevs2. aq mTavari, rasac
yuradReba unda mieqces, aris eriugenas gamoTqma: buneba
aris sayovelTao saxeli imisa, rac aris da rac ar aris da
rac SeiZleba iyos. maSasadame, eriugenasTan ukve faqtadaa
miRebuli arsisa da ararsis erTianobis aucilebloba,
romelic winamaval filosofiaSi (platonTan da neopla-
tonizmSi) erT-erTi ZiriTadi siZnele iyo.

1. moZRvreba RmerTze
RmerTis daxasiaTebisas eriugena ZiriTadad fsevdo-
dionise areopagelis msoflmxedvelobas mihyveba. RmerTis
bunebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ar aris fizikuroba, goneba,
azrovneba, ise, rogorc es adamianebs axasiaTebT3. es mo-
menti areopagitul moZRvrebaSic gvxvdeba. amasTan, fsev-
do-dionisesTan, rogorc es areopagituli moZRvrebis

1
Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 1.
2
H. Ritter. Geschichte der christliche Philosophie. Hamburg, 1844, Th. 5,
gv. 215.
3
Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 2.

293
filosofiuri problemebis ganxilvisas vnaxeT, RmerTis
amgvari gageba misi aRmatebulobis maCvenebelia1.
RmerTi eriugenasTan aris pirveli buneba, anu, rogorc
ukve aRvniSneT, sayovelTao bunebis forma. aq eriugenasTan
RmerTi ise xasiaTdeba, rogorc neoplatonikosebTan. Rmer-
Ti yvelaferSia, yvelafers misgan aqvs saTave, misi meSveo-
biT arseboben Seqmnilebi. amitomac RmerTi SeqmnilTa ara
marto mizezia, aramed mizanic. RmerTi aris sawyisi, Sua
da bolo. aq yuradReba unda mieqces imas, rom eriugenas-
Tan aqcenti gakeTebulia RmerTis yvelgan da yvelaferSi
myofobaze. asea areopagitikaSic, sadac RmerTi yvelganaa
da amave dros arsad araa, yvelaferSi Seicnoba da amas-
Tan, araferSi ar Seicnoba. am debulebis pirveli nawili
da eriugenas aq aRniSnuli mosazreba ZiriTadad erTmaneTs
emTxveva.
eriugenas mixedviT, RmerTis buneba mis gamovlenaSi
mdgomareobs. RmerTis neba, survili da RmerTis arsi erT-
maneTisgan ar gansxvavdeba. es ori ram RmerTSi erTia2. aq
naTlad Cans, rom eriugenam garkveuli azriT ganaviTara
neoplatonuri filosofia. neoplatonizmSi, marTalia, aRi-
arebulia RvTaebrivi procesebis zedrouli xasiaTi, magram
masTan ase naTlad, rogorc eriugenasTan, ar Cans RmerTis
(pirvelmizezis) moqmedebisa da arsis igiveoba. rodesac
eriugenas filosofiaSi daSvebulia RmerTis moqmedebis,
e.i. RmerTis mier arsebaTa warmoqmnis maradiuloba, amiT
garkveulad aRiarebulia samyaros maradiulobac. RmerTis
(pirvelmizezis) da arsebaTa amgvari mimarTeba, sabolood,
maTi erTianobis winapirobaa.
eriugenas filosofiis es adgili sxva mxrivacaa sayura­
dRebo. eriugena aRniSnavs, rom RmerTis neba, survili da
arsi erTi da igivea. rogorc wesi, rodesac RmerTs nebis,
survilis predikatebi miewereba, maSin RmerTSi igulisxmeba

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 70.

1

Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 22.

2

294
subieqturi, ufro sworad, subieqtis donemde amaRlebuli
RmerTi. eriugenasTan ki aRiarebulia, rom es survili, neba
da arsi erTi da igivea. amasTan, erTic da meorec maradi-
ulia, rac niSnavs, rom gamoricxulia drois faqtori. es ki
imis maCvenebelia, rom eriugenas moZRvrebaSi adgili aRar
rCeba kreacionizmisaTvis, radganac am ukanasknelisTvis
dro Seqmnis aucilebeli momentia.
RmerTi yvelafris Semqmnelia, magram ra mimarTebaSia
RmerTi Tavis TavTan? qmnis Tu ara igi Tavis Tavsac? eri-
ugenas azriT, aseTi Seqmna sinamdvileSi sxva araferia, Tu
ara RmerTis mier sagnebis bunebis dafuZvneba1. amrigad,
eriugenas moZRvrebaSi sagnebis, arsebebis Seqmna faqto-
brivad aris RmerTis gamovlena...
RmerTi (pirvelmizezi) rom Tavis SemoqmedebaSi, ufro
sworad, arsebebSi mJRavndeba, es azri neoplatonuri fi-
losofiidan modis. plotines mixedviT, yvelaferi RmerTis
mieraa Seqmnili da amitomac aris maTSi RvTaebrivi Zalebis
kvali. fsevdo-dionise amis safuZvelze ambobda, rom Rmer-
Ti yvelaferSia da yvelafriT Seimecneba. eriugena neo-
platonuri filosofiis am princips iRebs, magram masSi
arsebiTi xasiaTis cvlileba Seaqvs, kerZod: RmerTis Ses-
aqmesa da arss aigivebs da amas maradiulad miiCnevs. amiT
ki RmerTisa da samyaros erTianoba (Tu mTlianoba) ufro
damajerebeli xdeba. swored, es unda hqondeT mxedvelo-
baSi, rodesac eriugenas moZRvrebas axasiaTeben, rogorc
panTeisturs.
eriugenas filosofiaSi RmerTi ganusazRvrulia, ma-
gram TavisTavad igi gansazRvrulia2. RmerTi ramdenadac
srulyofilebaa, amdenad, igi gansazRvrulia. magram Rmer-
Ti, rogorc srulyofileba, Seucnobeli da miuwvdomelia
sasruli arsebisTvis (mag., adamianisTvis), amitomac igi,
rogorc eriugena ityvis, Seucnobelia, ganusazRvrelia. es

Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 22.

1

iqve, gv. 200.

2

295
rom asea, TviT eriugenas filosofiidanac cxadad Cans. er-
iugena gansjis sagnad ixdis RvTaebriv wyvdiads. es samya-
ro, eriugenas azriT, ganlagebulia zevidan qveviT, zeci-
uridan am samyaros umdables sxeulamde. bunebis yoveli
wesrigi (mowesrigeba) mas RvTaebasTan aaxloebs, magram
xSirad zeciuri Zalis miuRweveli sicxade Teologiis mier
wyvdiadad aris wodebuli1. pirvel rigSi, CvenTvis aq mTa-
varia `miuRweveli sicxadis~ cneba. masSi ori sapirispiroa
gaerTianebuli – `miuRweveli~ da `sicxade~. bunebrivia,
rom SeuZlebelia imis sicxadeze msjeloba, rac miuRweveli
da miuwvdomelia. aq ufro logikur daSvebas aqvs adgili.
RmerTi, rogorc srulyofileba, TavisTavad gansazRvruli
da cxadia, magram amave srulyofilebis safuZvelze sasru-
li arsebebisTvis ganusazRvreli da wyvdiadia.
es mosazrebani saTaves neoplatonizmSi iRebs, eriuge-
nas filosofiaSi ki mocemulia misi ganmarteba.2
eriugena RmerTis dasaxasiaTeblad mimarTavs mis
sistemaSi mocemul sam gansazRvrebas: arseba, Zala da mo-
qmedeba. arsebis mixedviT, RmerTi aris SemousazRvreli,
Zalis mixedviT – miuRweveli, xolo moqmedebis mixedviT
– ganusazRvreli. amitomac mas arc dasawyisi aqvs zemodan,
arc bolo qvemodan da is yovelmxriv ganusazRvreli da
SeuzRudavia3. pirvelmizezSi (RmerTSi) sami ganzomilebis
moTavseba filosofiis istoriaSi ucxo ar aris. magaliTad,
platonTan absoluti moicavs WeSmaritebas, mSvenierebasa
da sikeTes. neoplatonizmSic, ZiriTadad gaziarebulia es

1
Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 333.
2
msgavs viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme rusTavelis `vefxistyao­
sanSi~, kerZod, roca poeti gansjis sagnad ixdis `mziani Ramisa~
da `uJamo Jamis~ cnebebs. ix. S. xidaSeli. qarTuli filosofiis
istoria. Tb., 1988, gv. 275-297. avtors naTlad da dama­ je­
reblad aqvs naCvenebi `vefxistyaosnis~, – misive aRniSvniT, – am
`brwyinvale poeturi saxeebis~ kavSiri areopagitul moZRvre­
basTan.
3
Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 209.

296
azri, Tumca cxadad amaze arc erTi neoplatonikosi ar
miuTiTebs. sinamdvileSi ki erTi goneba, erTi suli – erTi
RmerTis saxelebia da warmoadgens mis gamovlenas sxva­
dasxva safexursa da stadiaze. sxva adgilas vnaxavT, rom
eriugenasTanac arseba, Zala da moqmedeba erTi da igivea.
eriugena imowmebs fsevdo-dionise areopagelis Tval-
sazriss, romlis mixedviT, RmerTi yvelganaa da arsad araa,
yvelaferSi Seimecneba da amave dros, araferSi Seimecneba.
iqve igi aRniSnavs, rom RmerTi aris erTi. eriugena svams
kiTxvas: Tu RmerTi erTia, maSin rogorRaa is yvelaferi?
(Tu yvelaferia, maSin simravle unda iyos, - m. m.). aRniS-
nulis gasarkvevad eriugena mimarTavs aseT magaliTs:
aviRoT sxivi da ricxvi. sinaTlis sxivi erTia, magram is
yvelas swvdeba. asevea ricxvic. cxoveli, mcenare, adami-
ani... gamoixa­
teba erTi ricxviT. aq, eriugena Semdegs gu-
lisxmobs: erTi adamiani, erTi mcenare... maTi Sinaarsi
sxvadasxvaa, magram gamoxatulia erTi ricxviT. yovelive
amis safuZvelze, eriugenas msjelobidan aseTi daskvnis
gakeTeba SeiZleba: RmerTi erTia, magram moicavs yvelasa
da yvelafers.
RmerTis daxasiaTebisas eriugena saintereso mosazre-
bas gamoTqvams. rodesac Cven RmerTs vuwodebT arss, igi
rogorc ararsis sapirispiro, ki ar unda gavigoT, aramed
zearsebiTi. aseve SeiZleba iTqvas sikeTis Sesaxebac. mas
sikeTes vuwodebT ara rogorc borotebisadmi dapiri-
spirebuls, aramed rogorc zesikeTes1. amgvaradve unda
gavigoT gamoTqmebi: `RmerTi araa WeSmariteba~, `sibrZne~,
`sicocxle~, `sinaTle~... e. i. am gamoTqmaSi yovelTvis igu-
lisxmeba: zesikeTe, zesibrZne, zesicocxle da a. S. amgvari
mosazrebani gvxvdeba areopagitikaSic2.
eriugena sagangebod ganixilavs areopagitul dadeb-
iTsa da uaryofiT Teologias da svams kiTxvas: upirisp-

Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 28.

1

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 70.

2

297
irdebian Tu ara es meTodebi erTmaneTs?1 igi aseT mag-
aliTs ixilavs: WeSmariteba aris (dadebiTi Teologia) da
WeSmariteba ar aris (uaryofiTi Teologia). am magali-
Tis safuZvelze igi daaskvnis: ra Tqma unda, dadebiTi da
uaryofiTi Teologia erTmaneTs upirispirdeba, magram
aris cnebebi, romlebic arc dadebiT gansazRvrebas eqvem-
debareba da arc uaryofiTs, magaliTad zearsebiTi, zesi-
brZne, WeSmariti... eriugenas Tanaxmad, yvela eseni zearse-
bulis sferoa, romelic moicavs rogorc dadebiT, ise
uaryofiT gansazRvrebebs. aq Zneli araa imis danaxva, rom
eriugenasTan zearsebulis sferoSi dapirispirebulTa er-
Tianobaa, ufro sworad, zearsebuli moicavs dapirispire-
bulebs. eriugenas moZRvrebis es adgili uSualo kavSir-
Sia areopagitikasTan, kerZod: fsevdo-dionises Tanaxmad,
jer aris RmerTis dadebiTi gansazRvrebebi, xolo Semdeg
– uaryofiTi. magram, amasTan, RmerTi imaze metia, vidre
mis Sesaxeb aRniSnuli meTodebi gveubneba2. eriugenas moZ-
RvrebaSi ufro dakonkretebulia areopagituli Tvalsaz-
risi da is, rac areopagitikaSi igulisxmeba (zeSTaarsebu-
lis sferoSi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTodis gauqmeba),
eriugenasTan ganmartebuli da garkveulia.
v. sokolovi aRniSnavs, rom eriugenas filosofiaSi
arsebulTa samyaro, maTi mimarTeba, areopagituli moZ-
Rvrebisgan gansxvavebiT, mkveTri dinamikurobiT xasiaT-
deba3. aRniSnuli mosazrebis marTebulobis maCvenebelia
eriugenas Semdegi Tvalsazrisi: yovel moZraobas gaaCnia
amosavali punqti da saboloo mizani4. amave azris iyo
maqsime aRmsarebelic da eriugena ganixilavs mis mosazre-
bas, romlis Tanaxmad, yovelgvari Seqmnilis safuZveli da
mizezia RmerTi. yvela arsebas, eriugenas azriT, aqvs Ta-

1
Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 30.
2
areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224.
3
В. Соколов. История средневековой философии. М., 1979, gv. 117.
4
Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 105.

298
visi mizani da igi am miznisken moZraobs. arsebebs es mizani
Tavis gareT aqvT, magram arian arsebebi, romelTac mizani
gareT ki ara aqvT, aramed Tavis TavSi, vinaidan isini Tvi-
Tonaa sakuTari Tavis sawyisi mizezi. aseTi arseba ar moZ-
raobs, ar icvleba da arsad araa.
eriugenas Tvalsazrisi am sakiTxSi neoplatonuri
filosofiidan momdinareobs, magram, rogorc bevr sxva
sakiTxSi, aqac eriugena sakiTxs ufro konkretul saxes
aZlevs.
pirvelmizezi (RmerTi), rogorc ukve aRiniSna, zeSTa-
aRmatebulia da misi wvdoma Cvens Zalebs aRemateba. amis
miuxedavad, Cven gvaqvs mis Sesaxeb garkveuli codnis
sistema. am sakiTxs gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcia
plotinem. plotinesTan (da fsevdo-dionise areopagelTan)
arsebaTa saxelebis miweriT faqtobrivad RmerTze Cveneul
warmodgenas viqmniT1. plotines filosofiis es adgili
gadmosulia eriugenas moZRvrebaSi. Tu plotinesTan es ig-
ulisxmeba da uSualod masze miTiTeba ar aris, eriugenas-
Tan cxadad Cans plotines Tvalsazrisis mxolod amgvari
interpretaciis SesaZlebloba. eriugenas azriT, rodesac
Cven RmerTs garkveul kategoriebs mivawerT, amiT Cven mas
viaxloebT da gasagebs vxdiT2.
eriugenas naSromis meore nawilis dasawyisSi ganxilu-
lia sayovelTao bunebis oTxi forma. naCvenebia am formebs
Soris arsebuli msgavseba da gansxvaveba3, riTac naTeli
xdeba, rom sinamdvile erTi mTelia, masSi erTi saerTo
kanonzomierebaa gamefebuli, amitomac es formebi erTma-
neTis msgavsia, magram maT Soris gansxvavebac aris.

1
plotine. V eneada, me-3 wigni, $13; me-5 wigni, $6.
2
Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 111.
3
Erigena. igive naSr., II nawili, gv. 121.

299
 2. moZRvreba samebaze
eriugenas moRvaweoba qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis
aRzevebis periods daemTxva. amitomac mis msoflmxedvelo-
baSi aris rogorc filosifiuri, aseve religiuri nakade-
bi. am mxriv yuradRebas imsaxurebs eriugenas Tvalsazrisi
samebaze. es sakiTxi, eriugenas azriT, kargad gadmogvca
dionise areopagelma, rodesac igi Seexo RvTaebis erTiano-
bisa da samebis mimarTebas1.
eriugenas SeniSvniT, areopagitul moZRvrebaSi erTi
ram cxadia: RvTaebrivi sikeTe mdgomareobs erTaderTi
arsis samgvar mudmivobaSi. eriugenas Tvalsazrisi, pirvel
rigSi, yuradRebas imsaxurebs imiT, rom masSi neoplatonur
(da platonur) filosofiaSi mocemuli samgansazRvrebiani
erTiani RmerTi SeerTebulia qristianul samebasTan. ro-
gorc cnobilia, platonTan WeSmariteba, sikeTe da mSve-
niereba absolutSi erTi da igivea. es azri gaziarebuli
da SeTvisebulia neoplatonizmSi. eriugenas filosofiaSi
am gziTaa Semosuli erTi RmerTis samis saxiT (ipostaziT)
warmodgena.
samebis ganxilvisas eriugenasTvis upirvelesi avto-
riteti maqsime aRmsarebelia. igi imowmebs maqsime aRm-
sarebels da aRniSnavs, rom TeologiaSi figurirebs aseTi
gamoTqmebi: `dasawyisSi RmerTma Seqmna ca da dedamiwa~2.
`man yvelaferi sibrZniT Seqmna~, man, e. i. `RmerTma samya-
ro uformo masalisgan Seqmna~3. CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT
bolo debulebaa saintereso, romlis safuZvelzec eri-
ugenas msoflmxedvelobas sxvadasxvanairad afaseben. Sem-
TxveviTi ar aris, rom miuTiTeben eriugenas panTeizmze,
RmerTis imanenturobisa da transcendenturobis erTiano-
baze... eriugenas moZRvrebaSi kreacionizmic SeiZleba iqnes
amokiTxuli, Tuki mxedvelobaSi miviRebT imas, rom mis mso-

1
Erigena. dasax. naSr., II nawili, gv. 23.
2
iqve.
3
iqve, gv. 168.

300
flmxedvelobaSi gvxvdeba, agreTve, arafridan arsebaTa Se-
qmnis Tvalsazrisic da a. S.
eriugenas msoflmxedvelobis Sefasebisas gaTval-
iswinebul unda iqnes misi moZRvrebis yvela ZiriTadi
principi. swored, am kuTxiT imsaxurebs did yuradRe-
bas debuleba `man samyaro uformo masalisagan Seqmna~,
radganac eriugenasTan daSvebulia uformo masala, rom-
lisganac RmerTi qmnis samyaros. amdenad, safiqrebelia,
rom debulebaSi RmerTma `samyaro uformo masalisagan
Seqmna~, igulisxmeba ufro arsebulTa wesrigSi moyvana,
masSi RvTaebrivi Zalis (RvTaebrivi sinaTlis, sikeTis...)
ganxorcielebiT. maSasadame, eriugenas msoflmxedvelobis
es punqti aseTi daskvnis safuZvels iZleva: mis moZRvre-
baSi RmerTis mier samyaros Seqmna (warmoqmna) ZiriTadad
xiluli sinamdvilis mowesrigebas niSnavs.
adamianisa da RmerTis mimarTebis sakiTxSi eriugena
ZiriTadad avgustinesa da maqsime aRmsarebels emyareba.
avgustines moZRvrebaSi, adamiani aris RmerTis saxe xilul
sinamdvileSi. eriugenas mixedviT ki, adamiani aris RmerTis
anarekli, suraTi. Tu adamiani RmerTis anareklia, maSin igi
unda Seicavdes mis Tvisebebsac. eriugenas Tanaxmad, adami-
anSi, rogorc anareklSi mJRavndeba RvTaebrivi samebac. es
sameba atarebs mamaRmerTis, Zesa da suliwmidas suraTebs.
konkretulad rogor mJRavndeba adamianSi RmerTis sam-
bunebovneba? adamiani erTdroulad aris arsebac, Zalac da
moqmedebac. adamianSi Zala udris arsebasa da moqmedebas,
moqmedeba – arsebas da Zalas da a. S. ise, rogorc RmerTi
(mama) aris mis Ze-Si da suliwmidaSi, Ze – mamasa da suli-
wmidaSi, xolo suliwmida – mama-Sic da Ze-Sic1. amis Sesabam-
isad: adamianSi mamaRmerTs Seesabameba arseba, Zes – Zala,
xolo suliwmidas – moqmedeba.

Erigena. dasax. naSr., II nawili, gv, 174.

1

301
 rogorc ukve aRiniSna, eriugena RmerTSi sanam samebis
sakiTxs Seexeboda, ganixilavs arsebas, Zalasa da moqmede-
bas. aq ki sabolood RmerTisa da adamianis erTianobas
warmogvidgens da, RvTaebrivi samebis Sesabamisad, adami-
anSi miuTiTebs arsebaze, Zalasa da moqmedebaze. aq eWvi
ar aris, rom eriugenas moZRvrebaSi filosofiis (neopla-
tonizmis saxiT) da qristianul msoflmxedvelobis Serige-
ba-Seguebis cdaa.
RvTaebrivi sameba adamianSi sxvadasxva saxiT mJRavnde-
ba. eriugenas samebis Sesabamisad aqvs ganxiluli adamian-
Si azrovneba, goneba da grZnobadoba. Cveni sulis arseba
gamoixateba azrovnebiT, goneba, anu Zala gamoxatavs sulis
meore nawils, xolo mesame nawils Seadgens grZnobadoba,
romelic gamoixateba moqmedebiT.
eriugena RvTaebriv samebasTan adamianis damokideb-
ulebis kidev erT aspeqts ganixilavs. mamaRmerTi adamia-
nis sulSia, Ze – gonebaSi, xolo suliwmida – grZnobado-
baSi. adamiani, rogorc aRiniSna, RmerTis anarekli, aslia.
ra mimarTebaSia asli originalTan? am mimarTebas eriuge-
na garkveuli ierarqiuli damokidebulebiT warmoadgens:
suli aris RmerTis asli, sxeuli ki sulis asli da a. S. am
sakiTxSi igi grigol nosels imowmebs.
sabolood samebis sakiTxi eriugenas moZRvrebaSi Sei-
Zleba ase Sefasdes: eriugenasTan sameba aris RmerTis
samgvari gamovlena da mas adamianSi Seesabameba: mamaRmer-
Ts –arseba, ZeRmerTs – Zala, suliwmidas ki – moqmedeba.
eriugenas Tvalsazrisi filosofiis poziciidan, pirvel
rigSi, imiTaa sayuradRebo, rom am sakiTxSi masTan moce-
mulia RmerTisa da adamianis erTianobis idea. ramdenadac
adamiani sinamdvilis (samyaros) nawilia, imdenad es Tval-
sazrisi, garkveuli azriT, panTeisturi msoflmxedvelobis
maCvenebelia. RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis aRiareba
amkvidrebs amqveyniuris (da, maSasadame, adamianis) Rirebu-

302
lad gamocxadebis Tvalsazriss, rac renesansis msoflmxed-
velobisTvis mniSvnelovani momentia.
eriugenas es Tvalsazrisi saTaves neoplatonizmSi
iRebs, areopagitikisa da kidev sxva moZRvrebebis gavliT
kuzanelisa da brunos panTeizms amzadebs. es msoflmxed-
veloba safuZvlad daedo renesansisa da humanizmis mso-
flmxedvelobebs, SeiZleba iTqvas, `renesansul humanizms~.
amis Sesaxeb S. xidaSeli aRniSnavs: `...humanizmis ZiriTadi
msoflmxedvelobrivi idea miwieri sinamdvilis Rireb-
ulebis aRiarebaa, samive – ontologiuri, eTikuri da es-
Tetikuri mniSvnelobiT. am zogad msoflmxedvelobriv
ideazea dafuZnebuli adamianis axleburi gageba da ada-
mianuris axleburi ideali... magram... amqveyniuris Rire-
bulebis aRiareba ar niSnavs zeciuri Rirebulebebis
uaryofas da miT umetes, mis moxsnas1 (xazgasma Cemia - m.
m.). S. xidaSelis aq aRniSnul mosazrebaSi gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia misi daskvniTi nawili – `amqveyn-
iuri Rirebulebis aRiareba ar niSnavs zeciuri Rirebule-
bebis uaryofas da miT umetes, mis moxsnas~. aq naTlad
naCvenebia, rom `miwieri sinamdvilis Rirebulebis~ aRi-
arebis arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom zeciuri, RvTaebrivi
danaxulia xilul sinamdvileSi. xiluli sinamdvilisadmi
amgvarma damokidebulebam didad gansazRvra aRorZinebis
(renesansis) humanizmis ZiriTadi principebis Camoyali-
beba. yovelives amis safuZvels S. xidaSeli neoplatinur
filosofiaSi xedavs: miwieris gaRvTaebriobis filoso-
fiur safuZvels neoplatonizmi warmoadgenda da am mniS-
vnelobiT gaxda es moZRvreba `gansakuTrebiT axlobeli da
maqsimalurad intimuri ideali, romelSic esoden advili
iyo gaZlierebuliyo humanizmis niSnebi da gamoyenebuli
yofiliyo miwieri, magram,amave dros, maqsimalurad gaaz-

S. xidaSeli. rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis sakiTxebi. Tb.,

1

1981, gv. 12.

303
rebuli adamianis moqmedebisaTvis~1. aRniSnuls davamateb-
diT, rom eriugena am sakiTxebSi agrZelebs da aviTarebs
neoplatonuri filosofiis tradiciebs, romlis daskvnebi
aRorZinebis epoqisTvis uniSvnelovanes msoflmxedvelo-
briv safuZvels warmoadgenda.

3. `RvTaebrivi arcodnis~ Sesaxeb

eriugenas filosofiaSi Taviseburadaa gardasaxuli
areopagituli `ganswavluli arcodna~, romelic yvelaze
srulyofil – umaRles codnas warmoadgens. am Tvalsaz-
risma eriugenasTan sul sxva saxe miiRo da gagebis Tval-
sazrisiT mis moZRvrebaSi urTulesi adgilia.
eriugenas filosofiaSi areopagituli `ganswavluli
arcodna~ pirvelmizezzea miwerili da `RvTaebrivi arcod-
niT~ aris saxeldebuli. eriugenas azriT, safuZvliani ganx-
ilva gvaCvenebs, rom RmerTma ar icis, ra aris TviTon is2.
`RvTaebrivi arcodna~, eriugenas azriT, aris umaRlesi
WeSmariteba da sibrZne (Sdr. areopagituli `ganswavluli
arcodna~, rogorc umaRlesi codna). RmerTma ar icis,
agreTve, rom boroti da aragonieri buneba mis mieraa Se-
qmnili3. eriugenas filosofiis es adgili Zalze rTulia
gasagebad da misi msoflmxedvelobis Sinagani winaaRmdego-
bis maCvenebelia.
eriugena ixilavs RvTaebrivi arcodnis sam saxes:
1. upirvelesad RmerTma araferi ar icis borotebis
Sesaxeb, vinaidan misi arseba mxolod sikeTes moicavs4.
amasTan, RmerTma rom borotebis Sesaxeb icodes, maSin
boroteba sagnebis bunebaSi iqneboda, vinaidan RvTaebrivi
codna mizezis Sesaxeb yvelganaa, rac aris mizezSi arse-
bulis Semcveloba (mizezSi arsebulis Ziebis codna), aris

1
S. xidaSeli. rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis sakiTxebi. gv. 91.
2
Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 205.
3
iqve, gv. 210.
4
iqve, gv. 213.

304
RvTaebrivi codna da Tu RmerTs borotebis Sesaxeb eco-
dineboda, maSin boroteba sikeTis nawili, ufro sworad,
sikeTesTan wilnayari iqneboda. am adgilis gasagebad mivm-
arToT eriugenas debulebas – RmerTis moqmedeba da arsi,
ese igi sinamdvile, erTi da igivea (es debuleba eriugenas
filosofiis originalur Tvalsazrisad iTvleba). RmerTis
Sesaqme maradiulia; amasTan, RmerTis arseba mxolod sike­
Tes avlens (neoplatonizmidan momdinare azria), amitom
Tuki igi borotebas Seqmnida, maSin boroteba sikeTesTan
wilnayari iqneboda. es ki SeuZlebelia. bunebrivia, rom
RmerTma icis is, rac namdvilad arsebobs. xolo is, rac
misi bunebidan ar momdinareobs da arc arsi gaaCnia, mis
Sesaxeb araferi icis. aqedan gamomdinare, RmerTma ar icis
borotebis Sesaxeb.
RvTaebrivi arcodna ratomaa umaRlesi? amis pasuxic,
vfiqrobT, zemoaRniSnulSi unda veZioT. RvTaebrivi ar-
codna faqtobrivad ararsebulis uaryofaa da amasTan,
umaRlesi principebis codnas gulismobs. RvTaebrivi ar-
codna zearsebulis sferos ganekuTvneba. eriugena bolos
askvnis: boroteba rom sikeTesTan wilnayari ar aris, amas
gveubneba WeSmariti goneba.
2. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom RmerTma icis mxolod maTi
safuZvlebi, romlebic TviT mis mieraa Seqmnili (danarCe-
nebs, romelTa safuZvelic RvTaebaSi ar aris, ar icnobs).
es aris meore saxe, romelic ZiriTadad emTxveva pirvel
saxes.
3. mesame saxe gulisxmobs iseT safuZvlebs, romlebic
empiriuli qmedebisa da moqmedebis meSveobiT araa gamov-
lenili.
eriugenas filosofiaSi mocemuli RvTaebrivi arcod-
nis sami saxe ZiriTadad erTi saerTo azris gamomxatvelia:
RvTaebam ar icis maT Sesaxeb, romlebic misi Seqmnili ar
aris.

305
 Semdeg eriugena Tavisi gansjis sagnad ixdis avgus­
tinesa da fsevdo-dionises Tvalzasriss arcodnis Sesaxeb.
avgustines azriT, saukeTeso arcodna namdvili codnaa1,
xolo fsevdo-dionise areopagelis mixedviT, es arcodna
WeSmariti codnaa – es aris `ganswavluli arcodna~. amis
safuZvelze eriugena akeTebs daskvnas, rom RvTaebrivi ar-
codna aris WeSmariti codna2. eriugenas aq aRniSnul mo-
sazrebas areopagitul moZRvrebaSi aqvs safuZveli. fsev-
do-dionises azriT, rodesac Cven RmerTis misamarTiT
garkveul Tvisebebs uarvyofT, amiT mivuTiTebT mis umaR-
les srulyofilebaze3.

4. RmerTis mier arsebaTa Seqmna

eriugenas Tanaxmad, RvTaebrivi sikeTis safuZvelze
ararsidan arsebulebi warmoiSva4. radganac ararsSi eri-
ugena zogadi arsebidan gadaxras gulisxmobs, amitom Rmer-
Tis zrunviT zogadi arsebisgan daSorebuli isev arsebad
iqceva. aq Seqmna arsebulTa mowesrigebis tolfasia. es
mJRavndeba eriugenas filosofiis Semdegi adgilidanac:
yvelafris Semqmnelma (e. i. RmerTma) arsebulebi droSi
ki ar Seqmna, aramed igi logikurad win uswrebs, rogorc
safuZveli, vinaidan is, rogorc yvelafris pirvelmizezi,
arsebulebis meSveobiT moiazreba. es Tvalsazrisi sain-
teresoa im azriT, rom miTiTebulia arsebulebis maradi-
ulobaze. pirvelmizezisa da arsebulebis mimarTebis ze-
drouloba daSvebulia rogorc neoplatonikosebTan, ise
areopagitikaSi. rodesac msjeloba exeba RvTaebriv erTs,
aRniSnulia, rom yvela sikeTidan (pirvelmizezisgan) mom-
dinareobs da masve ubrundeba. es procesi maradiulia5.

1
Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 214.
2
iqve.
3
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 70.
4
Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 266.
5
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 42.
306
 eriugenas azriT, radganac RmerTi mizezia, sawyisia,
romlisganac arsebulebi gamomdinareobs, amitom RmerTi
uerTdeba maT ara rogorc SemTxveviTi da ara rogorc
gamouTqmeli safuZveli1. amis wyalobiT yvela Tavis mizez-
Si igulisxmeba. es adgili ase unda iqnes gagebuli: yoveli
arsebuli maradiulad imyofeba Tavis mizezSi. eriugenas
es Tvalsazrisi prokles filosofiasTan amJRavnebs siax-
loves. prokle aRniSnavs: `yoveli mizezoani [Sedegi] hgies
Soris mizezsa T¢ssa da iwarmoebs misgan.~2
eriugena ixilavs aseT sakiTxs – RmerTi Seqmnamde Tu
xedavda Seqmnas. es adgili eriugenas moZRvrebidan ase unda
gavigoT: RmerTs hqonda Tu ara Seqmnis winaswari gegma.
Tu hqonda, maSin rogoria is, rac aris da rogoric unda
Seeqmna RmerTs, ra SesabamisobaSia arsebulTa samyaro da
RmerTis winaswari gegma am Seqmnilze?
eriugena aRniSnavs, rom am sakiTxis garkvevisas aucile-
blad gasaTvaliswinebelia is, rom RmerTis `xedva~ mara-
diulia. am xedvaSi TviT xedvis aqti da arsi RmerTisT-
vis erTi da igivea. aqedan gamomdinare, Seqmna RmerTSi,
eriugenas azriT, winaswarve igulisxmeba3. eriugenas es
Tvalsazrisi Seqmnaze kreacionistul msoflmxedvelobas-
Tan axlosaa, ramdenadac RmerTSi Tavidanve aRiarebulia
Seqmnis gegma da misi ganxorcieleba. magram, ramdenadac
eriugenasTan Seqmna da arsi igiveobrivia, amiT faqto-
brivad arsebulTa maradiulobazea miniSnebuli. arseb-
ulTa samyaros maradiulad aRiareba ki ver SeuTavsdeba
kreacionistul msoflmxedvelobas. maSasadame, eriugenas
Tvalsazrisi RmerTSi xedvis arsebobaze ar unda niSnavdes
garkveuli gegmis Sedgenas raimes Sesaqmnelad. eriugena am
sakiTxSi neoplatonizms mihyveba. kerZod, es azri gvxvdeba

1
Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 273.
2
prokle diadoxosisa platonurisa filosofosisa kavSirni.
ioane petriwi. Sromebi. Tb., 1940, I t. gv. 27.
3
Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 327.

307
plotinesTan. plotines azriT, RmerTs Sesaqmnelad aravi-
Tari winaswari gegma ar gaaCnia. aseve areopagitikaSic, sa-
dac, sikeTe (RmerTis mniSvnelobiT) iseve, rogorc RmerTi
arsebebs Tavis RvTaebriv Zalebs `miafens~ yovelgvari wi-
naswari arCevanis gareSe. eriugena agrZelebs neoplatonur
tradicias, magram masSi Tavisive koreqtivic Seaqvs: Rmer-
Tis `xedvisa~ da arsis gaigivebiT xiluli sinamdvilis
maradiulobaze miTiTeba. aseTi daskvnis gakeTebis ufle-
bas isic gvaZlevs, rom eriugena RmerTis mxolod xedvaze
(es `xedva~ yovelTvis winaswar gegmas gulisxmobs) ki ar
Cerdeba, aramed mas arss uigivebs.
eriugenas azriT, orgvari Seqmna arsebobs. erTi, rom-
lis Sesaxebac ukve gvqonda saubari, da meore ki, misi
sawinaaRmdego, rac Seqmnis droulobaze miuTiTebs. gamo-
dis, rom Seqmna aris RmerTSic da RmerTis gareTac (cudi
Seqmna?), – kiTxulobs eriugena1. es, eriugenas azriT, wi-
naaRmdegobaa da amiT irRveva RmerTis erTiani buneba, rac
SeuZlebelia. amitomac yovelgvari Seqmna isev RmerTSia,
vinaidan yvelaferi misganaa, masve ubrundeba da masSi aris
kidec erTiani.
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom eriugenas msoflmxedv-
elobaSi `xedva~, `moqmedeba~ da arsi erTi da igi­ vea (eri-
ugenas azriT, RmerTi xedavs moqmedebaSi da moqmedebs xe-
dvaSi), aqedan kidev erTxel cxadi xdeba, rom arsebulebi
maradiulia. marTalia, eriugenasTan daSvebulia warmoSoba
araradan, magram es arara, a. Stoklis SeniSvniT, isev RvTa­
ebaSia2. yovelive amas Tu davumatebT eriugenas Tvalsaz-
riss Sesaqmes maradiulobaze, maSin cxadi gaxdeba masTan
panTeisturi Tvalsazrisis arseboba.
Sesaqmeze eriugenas Tvalsazrisis gagebis gasaRebs
iZleva aseTi mosazrebac, romelic misi sistemidan aucile-

Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 328.

1

А.Штекль. История средневековой философии. М., 1912. gv. 330.

2

308
blobiT gamomdinareobs: RmerTi da Seqmna or gansxvavebul
raimed ki ar unda moviazroT, aramed erTsa da imaved1.
eriugenas azriT, yovelive es asea, vinaidan Seqmna Rmer-
TSi Sedis da RmerTi SeqmnaSia sakvirvelad da gamouTqme-
lad, romelSic uxilavi TavisTavad xilulia, xolo miuRw-
eveli da bneli – sakuTriv cxadia. sadac uformo da usaxo
mSvenierad, zebunebrivi – bunebrivad, zedrouli – drou-
lad... iqceva.2 RmerTis amgvari daxasiaTeba areopagitiki-
dan momdinareobs.
neoplatonizmsa da areopagitikaSi Seqmna (warmoSoba)
aucileblobiT xdeba. es azri gatarebulia eriugenas fi-
losofiaSic. RmerTma Tavisi RvTaebrivi gamovlenis sa-
babi sakuTari Tavidan miiRo (RmerTi TviTonaa sakuTari
Tavis mizezi, e. i. TviTmizezi), vinaidan yvelaferi misga-
naa da yvelaferi misTvisaa. asevea is masalac, romlisga-
nac samyaroa Seqmnili. aq, Cveni azriT, kargad Cans eri-
ugenas saerTo (saboloo) Tvalsazrisi Seqmnaze, kerZod
ki, materia, masala, romlisganac iqmneba samyaro, RmerT-
Sia gadatanili, riTac gauqmebulia droSi arafrisgan Se-
qmna. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imasac, rom, eriugenas Tanaxmad,
yvelaferi RmerTSia da RmerTia yvelaferi, maSin cxadi
gaxdeba misi moZRvrebis panTeisturi xasiaTi.

5. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba

neoplatonizmis erT-erTi ZiriTadi momenti arsebaTa
pivelmizezSi ukudabrunebaa. eriugenasTan aRniSnuls didi
yuradReba eTmoba. RvTaebrivi buneba, romelic gavida Ta-
visi Tavidan, daSorebulia Tavis sawyiss da isev miiswraf-
vis misken, raTa kvlav aRidginos es dakarguli siaxlove3.
am gamosvlisas RvTaebam yvelaferSi Seicno Tavisi Tavi,

1
Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 330.
2
iqve.
3
iqve, gv. 182.

309
umaRlesi bedniereba da Semdgom unda daubrundes Tavis
Tavs, sawyiss.
eriugenas azriT, pirvelmizezSi ukudabrunebisas jer
xdeba arsebaTa uSualo mizezSi dabruneba, Semdgom am
mizezis mizezSi da a. S.1 es Tvalsazrisi prokles filoso-
fiidan da areopagitikidan momdinareobs2.
ramdenadac RvTaebrivi Seqmna sakuTriv adamianSia, ami-
tom masSi unda veZioT RvTaebaSi dabruneba, romlisganac
is warmoiSva3. marTlac, Tuki RvTaebaSi dabrunebas pirda-
piri azriT gavigebT, maSin aseTi ram mxolod adamians Seu-
Zlia, – ambobs eriugena.
antikuri filosofiisgan, kerZod ki, platonis fi-
losofiidan, neoplatonizmSi Semovida sikeTis, rogorc
pirvelmizezis idea. neoplatonuri filosofiidan amosu-
li eriugena, fsevdo-dionises msgavsad, aRniSnavs, rom sik-
eTe aris yvelaferi – sawyisi, mizani, bolo wyaro, centri...
igi aris mSvenierica da mSvenierebac4. imis miuxedavad, rom
yvelgan sikeTea, aris borotebac. adamianSi arsebobs si­
keTe da mas upirispirdeba boroteba. magram es boroteba
sagnebis bunebaSi araa (e. i. is substanciuri warmoSobis
araa, – m. m.), igi arsebobs rogorc siyalbe (fsevdo-dionise
areopagelTan – sikeTis kleba), vinaidan igi aragonieria,
bunebisgan gadaxra da arasrulyofili moZraobaa5.
eriugenas azriT, xSirad sikeTisa da borotebis gansx-
vaveba Znelia da aseve xSirad boroteba sikeTis formiTaa
dafaruli. grZnobebi xSirad cdeba da borotebas sikeTed
da mSvenierebad miiCnevs. ase magaliTad, oqro erTi Sexed-

1
Erigena. dasax. naSr., I nawili, gv. 186.
2
ix. prokle diadoxosisa platonurisa filosofosisa kavSirni.
gv. 44 da areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 84.
3
Erigena. dasax. naSr., II nawili, gv. 259.
4
iqve, gv. 116.
5
iqve, gv. 119.

310
viT mSvenieria, magram igi sinamdvileSi mudam borotebis
safuZvelia1.
boroteba, eriugenas azriT, arasubstanciuria, vinaidan
is sagnebis bunebaSi ararsebiTad imyofeba. is, rac mizezs
ver ubrundeba, borotia, araraa2.
boroteba sikeTis sapirispiroa, mis mier araa Seqmnili.
igi sabolood uformo, upirvelmizezia. ganxilulia mag-
aliTi, romelic, eriugenas azriT, borotebis arasubstan-
ciurobas asabuTebs. magaliTad, xarbi adamiani, misi qceva
gana aragonivruli survili araa? xom aris es gadaxra? es
xom ar igulisxmeba adamianis bunebaSi3. aq kidev erTxel
cxadi xdeba, rom eriugenas sistemaSi neoplatonuri (ar-
eopagituli) principebi ufro konkretul saxes iRebs. bo-
los eriugena aRniSnavs, rom, miuxedavad borotebis ara-
substanciurobisa, imis miuxedavad, rom misi moZraoba ar
momdinareobs adamianis Sinagani bunebidan, igi mainc si­
keTesTan erTad (misi meSveobiT) axerxebs xorciel sxeulSi
SeRwevas, rac aaxloebs sikvdils.
dasasrul unda aRiniSnos, rom areopagituli moZ-
Rvrebisa da eriugenas filosofiis mimarTebis kvlevi-
sas gamoikveTa arsebiTi momentebi: moZRvreba RmerTze,
RvTa­eb­rivi sameba da misi asaxva adamianSi, RvTaebrivi ar-
codna, RmerTis mier arsebaTa Seqmna – kreacia, sikeTisa
da borotebis damokidebuleba da arsebaTa ukudabruneba
RmerT­Si. es sakiTxebi eriugenas moZRvrebisTvis gansa-
kuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia, romelTa ganxilvis safuZ-
velze naCveneb iqna eriugenas msoflmxedvelobis rogorc
siaxlove, ise – daSoreba areopagitikasa da, saerTod,
neoplatonur filosofiasTan. neoplatonizmTan Sedar-
ebiT eriugenas filosofiaSi axleburad Cans Semdegi: is,
rac neoplatonur filosofiasa da areopagitul moZRvre-

1
Erigena. dasax. naSr., II nawili, gv. 120.
2
iqve, gv. 129.
3
iqve, gv. 123.

311
baSi logikur-Teoriul formaSia mocemuli, eriugenas
msoflmxedvelobaSi yvelaferi amis realur sinamdvileze
gavrcelebis cdaa. unda aRiniSnos, rom umravles SemTx-
vevaSi eriugenasTan es cda warmatebiTaa gadawyvetili.

$4. areopagitika da Toma akvinelis

msoflmxedveloba

Toma akvinelis (1225-1274) msoflmxedvelobis areopa­

gitikasTan mimarTebis kvleva aqtualuria im azriT, rom
akvineli areopagitikuli ideebis sqolastizacias cdi-
lobs da amdenad, sainteresoa gairkves, Tu ra bedi ewia
areopagitikas akvinelis SexedulebebSi; es rac Seexeba
areopagitikisa da akvinelis filosofiis mimarTebas. Ta-
visTavad sainteresoa, erTi mxriv, Toma akvinelis filoso-
fiuri msoflmxedvelobis, rogorc Sua saukuneebis sqo-
lastikosisa da kaTolikuri msoflmxedvelobis udidesi
warmomadgenlis da meore mxriv, Tanamedrove erT-erTi
gavleniani religiur-filosofiuri mimdinareobis neoTo-
mizmis – ideuri safuZvlis Seswavla.
Toma akvinelis filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis
kvle­­
vis aqtualobaze aRniSnulia sxvadasxva gamokvlevaSi.
amis Sesaxeb saintereso mosazrebas gamoTqvams ingliseli
filosofosi bertran raseli (1872-1970). misi azriT, Toma
akvinelis filosofia, dReisaTvis mxolod istoriuli in-
teresis Semcveli rodia. Tomas filosofia dRes iseve mo-
qmedia, rogorc platonis, aristoteles, kantisa da hege-
lis filosofiuri moZRvrebebi, `...yovel SemTxvevaSi ufro
meti Zalisaa, vidre ori ukanaskneli moZRvreba~1.
akvinelis filosofiis Sesaxeb saintereso mosazrebas
gamoTqvams germaneli avtori klaus kremeri, romelsac
ekuTvnis fundamenturi gamokvleva Toma akvi­nelze – `neo-
platonuri arsis filosofia da misi gavlena Toma akvin-

Б. Рассел. История западной философии. М., 1959, gv. 470.

1

312
elze~. kremeris Tanaxmad, dReisaTvis Tomas Seswavla ori
sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT mimdinareobs da es orive
mimarTuleba Tanamedrove da aqtualuria1.
jer kidev gasuli saukunis meore naxevarSi aRniSnavd-
nen Tomizmis aRorZinebis Sesaxeb. ase, magaliTad, erT-erT
gamokvlevaSi msjeloba Seexeba Tomistur renesanss. ker-
Zod, aRniSnulia, rom moduri lozungis – `ukan kantisak-
en~ – gverdiT burJuaziuli filosofiis warmomadgenlebma
wamoayenes meore lozungi – `ukan Sua saukuneebisaken~2.
aseT situaciaSi Tomizmis aRorZinebisa da gamococxlebi-
saTvis xelsayreli pirobebi iqmneba3. aqve damowmebulia
Tvalsa­Cino rusi egzistencialisti filosofosis nikolai
berdiaevis Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmadac, Tomisturi
renesansi esaa gonebrivi moZraoba modernizmis winaaRmdeg,
romelic emyareboda bergsonis filosofias.
qarTveli mkvlevris nodar naTaZis azriT, `miuxeda-
vad am didi istoriuli rolisa, romelic Tomam iTamaSa
kaTolicizmis istoriaSi da dResac TamaSobs, rogorc
neosqolastikis sayrdeni da sulisCamdgmeli, misi moZ-
Rvrebis mniSvneloba mxolod am istoriuli roliT ar gan-
isazRvreba, esaa filosofiis istoriaSi erT-erTi yvelaze
mkafio nimuSi sruli, amomwuravi, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas,
totaluri msoflmxedvelobrivi sistemis Seqmnis mcdelo-
bisa, romlis Semdeg, Tuki es cda warmatebiT dagvirgvinda,
avtoris CanafiqriT, uqmdeba adamianis gonebis yovelgvari
stimuli imave sakiTxebis kvlav ganxilvisa, axlis dasmisa,
eWvisa, ukmayofilebisa da am ukanaskneliT ganpirobebuli
tragikuli msoflgancdisaTvis~4.

1
K.Kremer. Die neoplatonische Seinsphilosophie und ihre Wirkung auf Thomas
von Aquin. Leiden, B. J. 1966, gv. XIX.
2
Буржуазная философия XX века. М.,1974. gv. 316.
3
iqve, gv. 516-517.
4
n. naTaZe. Toma aqvinelis filosofia. Tb., 1972, gv. 4.

313
 Toma akvinelis msoflmxedvelobis siRrmisa da mniS-
vnelobis Sesaxeb g. TevzaZe wers: Toma akvinelis `Teolo-
giur-filosofiuri Sexedulebani ara marto qristianuli,
aramed saerTod, religiuri azrovnebis erT-erTi yvelaze
sayuradRebo produqtia~, Tomas `mizani iyo kaTolikuri
qristianobis, rogorc erTaderTi WeSmariti religiis
dasa­buTeba da Tanac ise, rom mas rac SeiZleba farTo mase-
bze hqonoda efeqturi zemoqmedeba~1.
rac Seexeba Toma akvinelis msoflmxedvelobis wya­
roebs, akvineli aristoteles filosofias uguebs qris-
tianul msof­ lmxedvelobas, emyareba platonsac, agreTve,
avgusti­nesa da saerTod, kreacionistuli msoflmxedv-
elobis sxva warmomadgenelTa Tvalsazriss. sayuradReboa
isic, rom akvineli aRniSnul moazrovneTa Tvalsazriss
misTvis sasurveli interpretaciiT iRebs. am mxriv Tval-
naTlivia misi damokidebuleba platonisa da aristoteles
mimarT, romelTac `usamarTlod miawers Sesaqmis rogorc
arafrisgan Seqmnis aRiarebas~ (n. naTaZe).
platonsa da aristotelesTan Toma akvinelis mso-
flmxedvelobis mimarTebas exeba Sveicarieli mkvlevari
fernand bruneri. avtoris SeniSvniT, aristotelesTan Se-
qmnaze moZRvreba ara gvaqvs, Tumca potenciurad masSi es
mocemuli iyo. masve sadavod miaCnia mkvlevarTa mosazre-
bani, TiTqosda akvineli aristoteles Teorias logikurad
aviTarebdes.
f. bruneri aRniSnavs, rom berZnebis moZRvreba sub-
stanciur formebsa da qristianuli Tvalsazrisi Seqmnaze
ori gansxvavebuli WeSmaritebaa da ara erTi WeSmaritebis
ori mxare. bruneris saboloo daskvna aseTia: sawyisze moZ-
Rvreba antikur filosofiaSi iyo platonTan, romelze-
dac akvinelma uari Tqva. aristotelesTan amgvari ram ar
yofila, xolo rac Seexeba akvinelis msoflmxedvelobas

Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. Tb., 1984,

1

me-2 nawili, gv. 149.

314
RmerTze, rogorc arafrisgan Semqmnelze, es aris zoga-
dad Sesaqmnelze moZRvrebis aristotelizmze damyarebis
rezultati1.
Toma akvinelis mravalricxovani Sromebidan filoso-
fiis TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs mis
egreT wodebul `sumebs~ (Sejamebebs). `suma~ am epoqis sqo-
lastikaSi sakmaod gavrcelebuli Janria, romelic Sejame-
bas, gamovlinebas, sxvadasxva wyaroebidan amokrefili cod-
nis erT sistemad gaerTianebas gulisxmobs. Toma akvinelis
`sumaTagan~ pirvels ewodeba `suma warmarTTa winaaRmdeg~,
xolo meores `Teologiuri suma~.
`suma warmarTTa winaaRmdeg~ Toma akvinelis filoso-
fiuri Txzulebaa, xolo `Teologiuri suma~ warmoadgens
akvinelis Teologiuri msoflmxedvelobis gvirgvins. aqve
SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom, ramdenadac `warmarTTa winaaR-
mdeg~ sumas pirvel sam TavSi filosofiuri sakiTxebi
sWarbobs, amdenad, zogierTi mkvlevris azriT, akvinelis
filosofiis gasagebad sakmarisia am TxzulebiT Semo-
fargvla. magram mxedvelobaSi misaRebia isic, rom bevri
problema Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi ganixileboda ro-
gorc filosofiur, ise Teologiur-religiur Txzulebeb-
Si. amitomac Sua saukuneebis filosofiis kvlevisas mkvle-
vari gverds ver auvlis Teologiur Sromebsac, konkretul
SemTxvevaSi Toma akvinelis `Teologiur sumas~.
fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da Toma akvinelis mso-
flmxedvelobaTa siaxlove da gansxvaveba gansakuTrebiT
cxadad Cans Semdeg sakiTxebSi:
– moZRvreba RmerTze, RmerTis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi
daxasiaTeba;
– moZRvreba Seqmnaze;
– sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba.

F. Bruner. Über die tomistische Lehre vom Ursprung der Welt. Zeitschrift fur
1

philosophische Forschung, 1962, Bd. XVI, Heft 2, gv. 258.

315
 1. moZRvreba RmerTze
areopagitikasTan Toma akvinelis msoflmxedvelobis
mimarTebis garkvevisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom akvi­
nelisTvis, rogorc kreacionistuli Tvalsazrisis damcve-
lisa da gamtareblisTvis, RmerTi samyaros mimarT tran-
scendenturia.
Tuki akvinelis am pozicias amave sakiTxSi fsevdo-di-
onisesas SevadarebT, aRmoCndeba, rom areopagitikaSi Rmer-
Tis transcendentizmisa da imanentizmis Seguebis cdaa,
maSin roca akvinelTan kreacionistuli Tvalsazrisi bo-
lomdea gatarebuli.
areopagitikis Tanaxmad, RmerTi aris martivi da us-
asrulo, yvelafris safuZveli Tavis TavSi aqvs da a. S.1
msgavsi viTarebaa akvinelTanac.
raseli aRniSnavs, rom Toma akvinelisTvisac RmerTi
aris martivi: `RmerTi – TviT sakuTari Tavis arsebaa,
vinaidan sxva SemTxvevaSi is martivi ki ar iqneboda, aramed
arsebisa da arsisgan iqneboda Sedgenili~2.
aq bunebrivad dgeba aseTi kiTxva: – RmerTze moZRvre-
baSi Tu aris gansxvaveba areopagitul moZRvrebasa da Toma
akvinelis msoflmxedvelobebs Soris?
mocemul kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad saWiroa rogorc
fsevdo-dionises, ise Toma akvinelis ZiriTadi Tvalsaz-
risebis ganxilva. rogorc aRiniSna, fsevdo-dionises az-
riT, sikeTe (RmerTis mniSvnelobiT) Tavis RvTaebriv Za-
lebs sinamdvilis arsebebs aZlevs yovelgvari arCevanis
gareSe, ise rogorc mze ganfens Tavis sxivebs3.
areopagituli moZRvrebis es adgili upirvelesad
imiTaa siantereso, rom aq emanantizmis principia gazi-
arebuli. SemTxveviTi araa, rom ZiriTadad swored am
debulebis safuZvelze Tvlian areopagitikas emanaciur

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 60.
2
Б.Рассел. История западной философии. М., 1959, gv. 174.
3
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 29-30.

316
moZRvrebad. Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT areopagituli moZ-
Rvrebis emanaciuri Tvalsazrisis gavlenas eriugenasa da
nikoloz kuzanelis msoflmxedvelobebze, maSin SeiZleba
dabejiTebiT iTqvas – arepagitikis es adgili am moZRvre-
bis ZiriTadi tendenciis gamomxatvelia. Tuki am pozici-
idan SevxedavT Toma akvinelis msoflmxedvelobas, cxadad
davinaxavT am ori moazrovnis TvalsazrisTa Soris gansx-
vavebas. akvinelis moZRvrebaSi RmerTi arsebebs aucile-
blobiT ki ar qmnis, piriqiT, akvinelis msofmxedvelobis
amosavalia – RmerTis mier samyaros, sagnebis...… droSi, ara-
frisgan Seqmna, sakuTari nebiT.
Toma akvinelis azriT, `ramdenadac samyaro SemTx-
veviTad ki ar Seqmnila, aramed RmerTis mier aqtiuri in-
teleqtis meSveobiT... aucilebelia, rom RvTaebriv gon-
ebaSi yofiliyo forma, romlis msgavsad Seiqmna samyaro~1.
akvinelis es debuleba areopagistikasTan mimarTebaSi axal
– ganmasxvavebel niSanze miuTiTebs. kerZod, esaa – RvTae-
briv gonebaSi, Seqmnamde Seqmnis winaswari ideis arseboba,
romelic ucxoa klasikuri neoplatonizmisa da areopagi-
tikisTvis.
Toma akvinelisTvis RmerTi yvela sagnis pirvelmize-
zia, rogorc nimuSi, pirvelsaxe. azris ukeT gasagebad,
– aRniSnavs akvineli, – mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT, rom,
raRac sagnis warmoSobisTvis aucilebelia misi pirvelsaxe,
radganac warmoqmnili unda mihyvebodes gansazRvrul for-
mas. aRniSnuli mosazrebis ukeT gasagebad Toma akvineli
aseT magaliTs mimarTavs: ostati masalaSi gansazRvrul
formas axorcielebs, romelic mis mier winaswar SemuSave-
bul saxes Seesabameba. aqedan gamomdinare, akvineli askvnis,
rom yvela bunebrivi dabadeba gansazRvrul formas mi-
hyveba. ufro swori iqneba, Tu Toma akvinelis Tvalsaz-
riss ase CamovayalibebT: samyaroSi mimdinare yoveli war-
moqmna, romelic RmerTis nebiT mimdinareobs, aucileblad

Антология мировой философии в 4-х томах. М.,1969, т. I, ч. 2, gv. 736.

1

317
gulisxmobs winaswar formas, romelic misi pirvelsaxea da
romlis mixedviTac iqmneba esa Tu is sagani.
aq bunebrivia daisvas kiTxva: – sagnebis es pirvelsax-
eebi sad imyofeba da ris safuZvelze iqmneba? ra Tqma unda,
Toma akvineli amgvari kiTxvis dasmis aucileblobas winas-
warve grZnobs da amisTvis Sesabamisi pasuxic moepoveba.
es pasuxi ki am sakiTxSi misi msoflmxedvelobis naTeli
gamJRavnebaa. kerZod, Toma akvinelisTvis raxan RmerTi
transcendenturia da, rac xdeba samyaroSi, yvelaferi
amis ganmgebelia, amitomac amgvari winaswari formebisa Tu
nimuSebis (romlebic sagnebis warmoSobas win uswrebs) mize-
zic RmerTia. amis Sesaxeb akvinels garkveulad aqvs naTqva-
mi: am formebis gansazRvruloba RvTaebriv did sibrZneSi,
rogorc Tavis pirvelsawyisSi, unda iyos, romelic samya-
ros wesrigis momfiqrebelia. amitomac unda iTqvas, rom
RvTaebriv sibrZneSi winaswar mocemulia (imyofeba) yvela
sagnis winaswari `moxazuloba~, romelTac Cven vuwodebT
ideebs an sanimuSo formebs RmerTis gonebaSi.
sagnebis es ideebi, anu formebi RvTaebis gonebaSia. mar-
Talia, sagnebisadmi miyenebisas isini nawevrdeba (ixliCeba),
magram realurad isini RvTaebis arsebisgan gansxvavebuli
ar aris. amrigad, RmerTi TviTonaa yvelafris pirvelsaxe1.
Toma akvinelisa da areopagituli msoflmxedvelo-
bis mimarTebis kvlevisas axla aRniSnuli Zalze mniS-
vnelovania. aq naTlad Cans am ori moazrovnis Tvalsaz-
riss Soris gansxvaveba. es gansxvaveba ki arsebiTia maTi
msoflmxedvelobebis xasiaTis dasadgenad. ramdenadac
Toma akvinelisTvis RmerTi arafrisgan qmnis, amdenad, mis
msofl­ mxedvelobaSi garkveuli ufskrulia Semqmnelsa da
Seqmnil arsebebs Soris. swored am siZnelis mosagvare-
blad akvinelis moZRvrebaSi daSvebulia winaswari formebi,
romlebic RvTaebaSia da romlebic Seqmnisas garkveulad
nimuSebis funqcias asrulebs.

Антология мировой философии в 4-х томах. т. I, ч. 2, gv. 839.

1

318
 Tuki am poziciidan SevxedavT areopagitul moZRvre-
bas, naTeli gaxdeba, rom am sakiTxSi fsevdo-dionisesa da
Toma akvinelis Tvalsazrisi gansxvavebulia. RmerTisa da
samyaros mimarTebis garkvevisas fsevdo-dionise areopage-
li neoplatonur filosofias mihyveba da ierarqiul sis-
temas agebs. rac mTavaria, areopagitikaSi es pirvelsaxeebi
ar aris mocemuli da masSi RmerTisa da samyaros mimarTeba
emanaciuri principis safuZvelzea warmodgenili.
transcendentizmis poziciaze mdgomi Toma akvineli
ki gaerTianebas, samyaros erT mTelad ver warmoadgenda,
Tu ar dauSvebda garkveul Sualedur mizezebs, romlebic
xelovnuris STabeWdilebas tovebs. kerZod, es Sualeduri
mizezi (ideebi, formebi) RmerTis gonebaSic aris da Seqm-
nil arsebebSic. aq akvinelis filosofiis mTavari siZnele
is ki ar aris, rom mis mier daSvebuli Sualeduri mizezebi
RmerTSic aris da arsebebSic, aramed am Sualeduri miz-
ezebis amgvari yofnis aucilebloba ver aris dasabuTebu-
li. maSin, roca rogorc antikur, ise qristianul neopla-
tonizmSi – areopagitikaSi – emanaciis principis Semotanis
safuZvelze RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis idea dama-
jerebladaa gatarebuli.
Toma akvinelis msofmxedvelobaSi mocemuli Sualeduri
mizezebis Sesaxeb saintereso mosazreba aqvs gamoTqmuli
polonel mkvlevars i. borgoSs. avtori aRniSnavs, rom adre,
avgustinesTan, RmerTis gangeba uSualod, yovelgvari Sua-
mavali mizezebis gareSe marTavs sagnebs. magram akvinels
ar SeeZlo am Tvalsazrisis miReba, vinaidan misi miRvaweo-
bis dros amqveyniurs, miwiers ukve Rirebuleba eniWeboda.
am epoqisTvis msjeloba Seexeboda imas, rom, erTi mxriv,
Semoqmedisgan samyaros usityvo damokidebuleba daesab-
uTebinaT, xolo, meore mxriv eCvenebinaT zneobrivi miznebi
– realuri, miwieri miznebis meSveobiT rom xorcieldeba.
swored amis gamo, – borgoSis azriT, – akvinels Semoaqvs
bunebrivi mizezebi, romelTa meSveobiTac RmerTi marTavs

319
sagnebs. raxan RmerTi yovelTvis ar ereva miwier cxovre-
baSi, Cven garkveuli aqtiurobis saSualeba gveZleva. amiT
ki akvineli cdilobda adreqristianuli msoflmxedvelo-
bis mier miwieris Rirebulebis uaryofis gadalaxvas1.
marTalia, areopagituli moZRvreba da akvinelis
filosofiuri msoflmxedveloba RmerTisa da samyaros
mimarTebis sakiTxSi gansxvavebulia, magram maT Soris erT-
gvari msgavseba mainc aris, kerZod, msgavsebas orive moaz-
rovne sinamdvile erTian mTelad warmoadgens. rogorc
ukve aRvniSneT, areopagitikis filosofiur moZRvrebaSi,
neoplatonuri filosofiis msgavsad, RmerTi da samyaro
erTianobaSia da am erTianobaSi mkacri wesrigia. am wesrigs
ki gansazRvravs arsebaTa ganlageba maTi srulyofilebis
xarisxis mixedviT. yvela arsebas aqvs Tavisi winamavali
mizezi. msgavs viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme Toma akvinelTan-
ac. akvinelis mixedviT, zogierTi sagani sxva sagnis mimarT
garkveuli nimuSic SeiZleba iyos da TviT sagnebSi arsebu-
li wesrigic, romelic RmerTis mieraa damyarebuli da sam-
yaros erTianobas amJRavnebs. es samyaro erTianad iwodeba
imis gamo, rom yvela sagani, romelic RmerTis mieraa Se-
qmnili, meoresTan SesabamisobaSia2. marTalia, aq akvineli
ar msjelobs sagnebis ganlagebaze srulyofilebis mixed-
viT, magram es Tvalsazrisi garkveulad emsgavseba areopa­
gituls.
areopagitikaSi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTodebi –
katafatika da apofitika, rogorc codnis meTodebi, erT-
maneTs ar upirispirdeba, mistikuri Wvretis daSvebis Sem-
deg fsevdo-dionise am meTodebs erTmaneTs upirispirebs,
radganac, misi azriT, RmerTis dadebiTi daxasiaTebisas
umaRlesi arsebiT viwyebT da dabla veSvebiT, vidre uka-
nasknel arsebamde. uayofiTi daxasiaTebisas ki, piriqiT,
udablesidan umaRlesi arsebisken mivdivarT da amiT va­

Ю. Боргош. Фома Аквинский. М., 1966, gv. 77.

1

Антология мировой философии. Т. I, ч. 2. gv. 838.

2

320
xerxebT zeSTaarsebis xilvas: `sa£mar ukue ars, viTar vhgon-
eb, moklebaTa winaaRmdgomTa matebaTagan galobad, rameTu
matebani pirvelTagan dawyebiTa da saSuvalTa ganvliTa
ukuana¡sknelTa mimarT STamomavalad dag¢sxman, xolo mok-
lebaTa ukana¡sknelTagan udasabamieresTa mimarT aRyvane-
biTa vhyofT da yovelTave movaklebT, raჲTa daufarvelad
vcnad ucnaurebaჲ igi yovelTagan cnobilTa yovelTave
arsTa Soris dafaruli da zeSTa – arsebisa igi vixiloT
nisli yovlisaganve arsTa Sorisisa naTlisa damaluli~1.
aq naTeli unda iyos, rom areopagitul mistikasTan gvaqvs
saqme, sadac racionaluri codnis unari uZluria RmerTis
Sesamecneblad. aqedan gasagebia, rom uaryofiT meTodze
upiratesobis miniWeba sulac ar niSnavs codnis sferoSi
am meTodebis dapirispirebulobas.
areopagitikaSi erTmaneTisgan mkveTradaa gamijnuli
codnisa da mistikis sfero. Toma akvinelTan ufro sxva­
nairi viTarebaa. marTalia, igi `daesesxa~ fsevdo-dionise
areopagels RmerTis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTeb-
is sakiTxSi, magram mis moZRvrebaSi yvelaferi mimarTu-
lia RmerTis trascendenturobis dasamtkiceblad. Toma
akvinelTan `RmerTi aris transcendenturi samyaros
mimarT massa da dabadebuls, Seqmnils Soris gadaulaxavi
ufskrulia~2. swored es principia akvinelisTvis saxelm­
ZRvanelo da igi amis gamarTlebas cdilobs. aqedan gamom-
dinare, Zneli ar unda iyos imis danaxva, rom rogorc ar
unda iyos akvinelis moZRvrebaSi mocemuli RmerTis daxa-
siaTeba (absoluturi simartive, srulyofileba, yvelafris
safuZveli da mizezi...), yvelaferi es isev da isev RmerTis
transcendenturobis dasabuTebas emsaxureba.
kidev erT momentze gvinda gavamaxviloT yuradReba. sa-
ganTa formalur mizezad RmerTis gamocxadebiT panTeizmis
safrTxe iqmneba. n. naTaZis azriT, am siZneles Tomam Tavi

areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 226.

1

n. naTaZe. dasax. naSr., gv.91.

2

321
aarida, erTi mxriv, `arsis analogiis~ cnebis gamoyenebiT,
meore mxriv, im gziT, rom zemoxsenebul paneTistur Tez-
iss bralad dasdo RvTis `absoluturi yofierebis~ da Se-
qmnil saganTa `saerTo yofierebis~ aRreva1. aqac naTelia,
rom Toma akvinelis yoveli cda iqiTaa mimarTuli, rom
RmerTi da samyaro mowyvitos erTmaneTs.
zemoaRniSnuli safuZvels gvaZlevs vifiqroT: marTa-
lia, Toma akvineli fsevdo-dionise areopagelisgan Rmer-
Tis (pirvelmizezis) dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTebis
meTodebs iRebs, magram am meTodebs mxolod erTi mima-
rTulebiT iyenebs: daasabuTos RmerTis transcendenturo-
ba. Tuki fsevdo-dionise areopagelTan aris imis cda, rom
RmerTis transcendenturobas rogorme Seuguos sagnebis
mimarT misi imanenturoba, Toma akvinelTan es siZnele ar
dgas da kreacionistuli msoflmxedveloba misi moZRvre-
bisaTvis amosavalia.

2. moZRvreba Seqmnaze
RmerTze moZRvrebis ganxilvisas Toma akvinelis mso-
flmxedvelobis daSoreba areopagituli moZRvrebisgan
ZiriTadad dadasturda. aRvniSneT isic, rom akvineli are-
opagitikas kreacionistuli msoflmxedvelobis pozici-
idan iyenebs. es kargad Cans mis moZRvrebaSi samyaros Se-
qmnis Sesaxeb.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, areopagitikis filosofiuri
Tvalsazrisi mJRavndeba Tavis uaRresad neoplatonur xa-
siaTSi, masSi gamoyenebul mkacr filosofiur-logikur
aparatsa da Semdgom gavlenaSi eriugenas, ekhartis, kuzane-
lis msofmxedvelobebze. es moazrovneebi areopagitikidan
ZiriTadad iReben emanaciur Tvalsazriss, romelic miu-
Rebeli iyo orTodoqsuli qristianuli msoflmxedvelob-
isTvis. SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos, rom luTeri am moZ-

1
n. naTaZe. dasax. naSr., gv.91.

322
Rvrebas araqristianulad miiCnevda1. riteri areopagitikis
Sesaxeb aRniSnavda, rom es moZRvreba emanaciuria, oRondac
qristianuli terminologiiT sargeblobso2. msgavsi Sexedu­
lebebia gamoTqmuli a. briliantovis, miuleris, kremerisa
da sxvaTa gamokvlevebSi, areopagituli filosofiuri mso-
flmxedveloba uSualod plotinesa da prokles Tvalsaz-
risebTan mimarTebaSia warmodgenili da ganxiluli.
areopagitikis filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis emana­
ciurobas adasturebs masSi mocemuli Tvalsazrisi RvTae-
brivi sxivis ganfenasa da ierarqiebis Sesaxeb. ramdenadac
konkretul situaciaSi msjeloba Seexeba samyaros Seqmnis,
anu zogadad Seqmnis sakiTxs, amdenad, gavixsenoT, fsev-
do-dionises Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmadac, umaRlesi
sikeTe (RmerTi) Tavis RvTaebriv Zalebs afens iseve, ro-
gorc mze Tavis sxivebs – yovelgvari winaswari arCevanis
gareSe Sinagani aucileblobiT, sakuTari bunebis Tanax-
mad. amasTan, areopagitikaSi umaRlesi sikeTis mier Tavisi
RvTaeb­rivi Zalebis ganfena niSnavs samyaroSi, arsebebSi
srulyofilebis, wesrigis Setanas. amas isic adasturebs,
rom pirvelmizezidan gamosuli arsebebi masve ukuubrunde-
ba da es dabruneba-gaerTianeba RvTaebasTan yvelas ZaluZs
– usulo sagnebis CaTvliT3.
diametrulad sawinaaRmdego viTarebaa Toma akvinel-
Tan. akvinelisTvis Seqmna xdeba arafrisgan. masTan speku-
laciisa da Sesaqmis motivebze n. naTaZis gamokvlevaSi
aRniSnulia: `Tomas spekulaciis pirveli motivia Sesaqmis
(samyaros Seqmnis) rogorc mxolod ukve arsebuli Seuqm-
neli materiis mowesrigebis uaryofa...“4. es mosazreba

1
А. Бриллиантов. Влияние восточного богословия на западное в произ­
ведениях Иоанна Скота Эригены. С-Петербург, 1898, gv.144.
2
H. Ritter. Geschichte der christlichen Philosophie. Hamburg, 1841, Th. 2,
gv. 24.
3
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 29-30, 33, 92.
4
n. naTaZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 32.

323
Zalze mniSvnelovania Toma akvinelis Seqmnaze moZRvrebis
dedaarsis gasagebad. maSin, roca neoplatonur filosofi-
aSi RmerTis mier samyaros Seqmna, garkveuli azriT, ukve
arsebuli materialuri sinamdvilis wesrigSi moyvanas niS-
navs, Tomas amosavali am principis darRvevaa.
aq isic unda aRiniSnos, rom antikur filosofiaSi
amosavali debuleba iyo `arafrisgan araferi ar warmoiSo-
ba~. bunebrivia, vinc arafrisgan Seqmnas dauSvebs, misTvis
aRniSnuli antikuri Tvalsazrisi miuRebelia. amitomac, –
marTebulad SeniSnavs n. naTaZe, – akvineli Tavisi miznis
misaRwevad ara marto platons, aramed aristotelesac ki
usamarTlod miawers Sesaqmis, rogorc arafrisagan Seqmnis
aRiarebas1.
Toma a������������������������������������������
k�����������������������������������������
vinelis msoflmxedvelobis areopagitul moZ-
RvrebasTan mimarTebis garkvevisTvis gansakuTrebuli mniS-
vneloba aqvs akvinelis Tvalsazriss RmerTis mier samyaros
Seqmnis motivze. n. naTaZis SeniSvniT, akvinelis mixedviT,
samyaro `RmerTma Seqmna Tavisufali nebis aqtiT da ara
bunebrivi aucileblobiT, an imgvari aucileblobiT, ro-
goriTac, neoplatonizmSi xmarebuli metafora rom vixmar-
oT (Tomam es metafora dionisesagan isesxa), mze ar SeiZleba
ar anaTebdes.“2 aq naTlad Cans a�����������������������
k����������������������
vinelis msoflmxedvelo-
bis arsi: RmerTi samyaros mimarT transcendenturia;
RmerTi Tavisi arsebiT aris umaRlesi srulyofileba da,
rac mTavaria, RmerTi, akvinelis msoflmxedvelobis mixed-
viT, subieqtia, romelic yvelafers Tavisi nebiT akeTebs.
rogorc n. naTaZe aRniSnavs, Toma a�������������������
k������������������
vinelma mzis meta-
fora dionisesagan aiRo, magram akvinelis daskvnebi prin-
cipulad sawinaaRmdegoa areopagitulTan mimarTebiT.
saerTod ki, akvineli garegnulad TiTqosda axlosaa are-
opagitul moZRvrebasTan, magram Sinaganad mas aSkarad ewi-
naaRmdegeba. roca Seqmnis motivs exeba saqme, akvinelTan

n. naTaZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 32.

1

iqve, gv. 93.

2

324
ZiriTadi principia – RmerTis nebelobiTi aqti1. rac Seex-
eba samyaros Seqmnis mizans – aq, akvinelis azriT, RmerTis
sikeTis gacxadeba xdeba. SevadaroT a��������������������
k�������������������
vinelis es Tvalsaz-
risi areopagitul msoflmxedvelobas.
fsevdo-dionise areopagelis azriT, umaRlesi sikeTe
(�����������������������������������������������������
RmerTi�����������������������������������������������
) Tavis
���������������������������������������������
Tavidan��������������������������������
gadis��������������������������
�������������������������������
aucileblobiT�������������
�������������������������
, masSi������
�����������
moce-
�����
muli trfialebis siWarbis gamo. trfialeba maradiulad
aris RvTaebaSi da igi `aiZulebs~ mas, rom `Seqmnas~2.
areopagituli moZRvrebis es debuleba Zalzed mniS-
vnelovania. rodesac areopagitikis filosofiuri mso-
flmxedvelobis neoplatonurobaze mivuTiTebT, sxva
debulebebTan erTad, aq aRniSnulic aucileblad unda
ga­­viT­va­lis­winoT. es debuleba areopagituli filoso-
fiis emanaciuri xasiaTis upirvelesi damadasturebelia.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, neoplatonizmis umniSvnelovanes
warmomadgenlebTn – plotinesa da proklesTan, warmoSo-
bis, e. i. qmnadobis saTave, rogorc srulyofileba, ise po-
tenciis siWarbe sakuTriv pirvelmizezisTvis maradiulad
damaxasiaTebelia da amitomac arsebaTa warmoSoba, raSic
upirvelesad maradiuli sagnebis gansuliereba-mowesrigeba
igulisxmeba, mudmivi procesia. plotine `eneadebSi~ aRniS-
navs, rom, raxan RmerTis maradiulobis gamo es warmoSobac
maradiulia, amitom maradiulad arsebobs xiluli sinamd-
vilec da masSi, rogorc RmerTis ZalebiT mowesrigebulSi,
maradiulad aris sikeTe da mSveniereba.
aRniSnuli imis daskvnis safuZvels iZleva, rom RmerT­
ze, rogorc samyaros Semqmnelze, Toma akvinelisa da are­
opagituli Tvalsazrisi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebulia.
pirvelmizezze moZRvrebaSi areopagitika arsebiTad emana­
ciur Tvalsazriss atarebs, akvinelis msoflmxedveloba
ki kreacionistuls. swored amis gamo am ukanasknelis mso-

1
dawv. ix. Thomas von Aquin. Summa Kontra jentile. Darmstadt, 1974, gv.
283-323.
2
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 38.

325
flmxedveloba aRniSnul sakiTxSi areopagitikis memkvi-
dred ver CaiTvleba.

3. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, neoplatonuri filosofia si­
keTis monizmsa da borotebis arasubstanciurobas aRiarebs.
es Tvalsazrisi pirvelad plotines filosofiaSia moce-
muli. magram plotinesTan, platonis msgavsad, sabolood
boroteba maincaa daSvebuli – sikeTis gamomJRavnebis
mizniT (hegeli, e. celeri). …SemdgomSi neoplatonuri fi-
losofiis ukanaskneli drois yvelaze mniSvnelovanma war-
momadgenelma – proklem – borotebis arasubstanciurobis
Tvalsazrisi mogvca. proklesTan borotebas ukve aRar eni-
Weba sikeTis gamomJRavnebis funqcia; boroteba, prokles
azriT, saerTod aRar arsebobs.
axla aRniSnuli prokles Tvalsazrisi gansakuTrebu-
lad areopagituli moZRvrebisTvis gaxda misaRebi. fsev-
do-dionisesTan ufro mtkicedaa xazgasmuli borotebis
arasubstanciurobis Tezisi. magram es Tvalsazrisi ukve
aris proklesTan da misi aRiareba fsevdo-dionises dam-
saxurebad ver CaiTvleba. aq fsevdo-dionises damsaxureba
sul sxva mimarTebiT unda davinaxoT, kerZod: Tu gaviT-
valiswinebT areopagituli moZRvrebis xasiaTs, kerZod
imas, rom, igi neoplatonizmTan qriastianobis Seguebas
cdilobs, maSin gasagebi unda iyos misi Rvawlic: qris-
tianul sinamdvileSi sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis
neoplatonuri gagebis damkvidreba. gavixsenoT rusTave-
li, romlis poemis erT-erTi ZiriTadi idea xom sikeTis ab-
soluturoba da borotebis arasubstanciurobaa. Tu saidan
modis es Tvalsazrisi, amis Sesaxeb `vefxistyaosanSi~ pir-
dapiri miTiTebaa `brZen divnosze~.
fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, sikeTe absoluturi prin-
cipia, xolo boroteba `uarsoa~, mas ar gaaCnia Tavisi
pirvelsawyisi, rasac Cven borotebad miviCnevT. es sxva

326
araferia, Tu ara sikeTis kleba. areopagitul moZRvrebaSi
sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebaze msjelobebi aRniSnu-
lis dasabuTebas emsaxureba.
Toma akvinelic sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis sa­
kiTxSi xSirad areopagitikas mimarTavs. h. veertci aRniS-
navs, rom akvineli ise xSirad mimarTavs citirebas `saRm-
rToTa saxelTaT¢s~ meoTxe Tavidan, rom kordeliuss
dauTvlia kidec – 142 citata1. rogor damokidebulebaSia
Toma akvineli areopagitul moZRvrebasTan sikeTisa da
borotebis mimarTebis Sesaxeb?
Toma akvinelTan sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis
ganxilvas daviwyebT i. borgoSis gamokvlevis erTi ad-
gilis damowmebiT, sadac aRniSnulia: cnobilia, rom jer
epikureizmma, Semdgom ki maniqevelobam qristianuli
filosofiis winaSe Seqmna aseTi dilema: Tuki RmerTi yve-
lafris Semqmneli da keTilia, maSin saidanaa boroteba?
am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad Camoyalibda qristianuli
filosofiis gansakuTrebuli dargi – Teodicea, romelic
icavda dogmats RmerTis srulyofilebis Sesaxeb2. Toma
akvineli, rogoc qristianuli religiur-filosofiuri
msoflmxedvelobis warmomadgeneli, Taviseburad cdilobs
am urTules kiTxvas upasuxos. amis Sesaxeb TomasTan ar-
sebobs oTxi Tezisi, romelic gadmocemulia i. borgoSis
gamokvlevaSi.
I Tezisi – Tomas azriT, boroteba araa pozitiuri
movlena, rogorc sikeTe. igi Cveulebrivi ararsia, sikeTis
darRvevaa, moSlaa, dazaralebaa. am gansazRvras, borgo-
Sis azriT, akvineli avgustinesgan iRebs, romelsac, Tavis
mxriv, es principi plotinesgan hqonda SeTvisebuli. plo-
tines mixedviT ki, boroteba aris sikeTis ararseboba3.

1
H.Weertz. Die Gotteslehre des Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita und ihre
Einwirkung auf Thomas von Aquin. Köln, 1908, gv. 26.
2
Ю. Боргош. dasax. naSr., gv. 128.
3
iqve, gv. 129.

327
 Toma akvinelTan borotebis cneba gamoyvanilia sikeTis
cnebisgan. am dros igi emyareba Teoriul-SemecnebiT wanam­
ZRvars, romlis Tanaxmad, erTi dapirispirebuloba meo-
reTi Seimecneba, rogorc, magaliTad, sibnele – sinaTliT.
es exeba sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebasac.
Toma akvinelis azriT, boroteba arsi ki araa, aramed
sikeTis moSla. swored ase unda gavigoT dionises sityvebi:
`boroteba aris sikeTe~1.
II Tezisi – `sikeTe borotebis subieqtia~. es Tval­
sazrisi i. borgoSis Tanaxmad, avgustinesTanac gvxdeba.
avgustine xom aRniSnavs `araferi ar arsebobda sxva iseTi,
romlisganac SeiZleboda warmoSobiliyo boroteba, garda
sikeTisa~. avtoris SeniSvniT, Tomas es Tvalsazrisi imaT
winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli, romelTa mixedviTac sikeTe araa
borotebis mizezi (mag: dionise).
i. borgoSis es mosazreba garkveul dazustebas moiT­
xovs. areopagitul moZRvrebaSi borotebis gaCenis mizezad
miCneulia sikeTis sxivis Sesusteba, sikeTis kleba. ase rom,
fsevdo-dionisesTanac sikeTe garkveuli azriT, boroteb-
is wyaroa. sxva saqmea is, rom sabolood borotebas pirv-
elmizezi ar gaaCnia.
aseTive azria gatarebuli Toma akvinelTanac. borote-
ba, misi azriT, sikeTis naklebobaa da bunebrivi xasiaTidan
gadaxvevas warmoadgens.
aq gadauWreli siZnele Cndeba. i. borgoSi marTebulad
SeniSnavs: borotebis mizezi sikeTea, sikeTe – RmerTia,
maSasadame, RmerTi yofila borotebis mizezi. am siZnelis
gadasaWrelad akvineli avgustines mimarTavs, romlis Tan-
axmad, `RmerTi ar SeiZleba borotebis mizezi iyos, vinaidan
igi araa ararsisken miswrafeba~. Tavis mxriv, akvineli am-
atebs: borgoSis SeniSvniT, `radganac RmerTi absoluturi
srulyofilebaa, amitomac igi ar SeiZleba iyos borotebis

Ю. Боргош. dasax. naSr., gv. 129.

1

328
mizezi~1. magram es araa siZnelidan gamosavali. aq Toma
akvinelis msjelobaSi siZnele siZneled rCeba da mkacri
filosofiuri dasabuTebis nacvlad igi ubralod Rmer-
Tis srulyofilebasa da amis safuZvelze RmerTis mxridan
borotebis arSeqmnaze miuTiTebs.
Toma akvinelis Tvalsazrisi naTlad Cans borotebis
Sesaxeb III da IV TezisebSi, romlebic erTnairi xasiaTisaa.
Tomas azriT, samyaroSi harmoniis arsebobisTvis aucile-
belia gansxvavebuloba. amitomac samyaroSi aris rogorc
srulyofili, ise – arasrulyofili sagnebi (III Tezisi).
asevea adamianebis mimarTac: harmoniisTvis saWiroa ro-
gorc keTili, ise codvili adamianebi (IV Tezisi). amis
miuxedavad, Toma aRniSnavs: `RmerTi sagnebSi borotebas
warmoSobs ara winaswari ganzraxviT, aramed SemTxveviT~2.
amasTan, RmerTs boroteba daSvebuli aqvs `rogorc sas-
jeli da ara danaSauli~. ar unda iyos Zneli imis gageba,
rom, areopagitul moZRvrebasTan msgavsebis miuxedavad,
sabolood sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebaze akvinelis
moZRvreba areopagitikisgan gansxvavebulia. es gansxvaveba
ki upirvelesad RmerTis mier borotebis daSvebaSi gamoixa­
teba, Tugind es SemTxveviTi iyos. Tu gavixsenebT fsevdo-
dionises azrs, romlis Tanaxmad, boroteba sikeTis sxivis
Sesustebaa da RmerTi araviTar borotebas, arc aucile-
bels da arc SemTxveviTs ar uSvebs, SeiZleba davaskvnaT:
fsevdo-dionise areopageli, rogorc emanaciuri Tval­
sazrisis mimdevari, sikeTis monizmisa da borotebis `uar-
sobis~ princips bolomde atarebs. Toma akvineli ki, ram-
denadac transcendentur RmerTs uSvebs, sabolood mainc
aRiarebs – RmerTis mier borotebis warmoSobas.
rogorc zemoaRniSnulidan irkveva, fsevdo-dionise
areopagelisa da Toma akvinelis msoflmxedveloba erT-
maneTisgan ZiriTadad gansxvavdeba RmerTisa da samyaros

Ю. Боргош. dasax. naSr., gv.132.

1

iqve.
2

329
damokidebulebis, RmerTis mier samyaros Seqmnis, sakuTriv
RmerTze moZRvrebisa da sikeTisa da borotebis urTier-
Tobis sakiTxebSi. rasac akvineli areopagitikidan iRebs,
mis mxolod Teologiur interpretacias akeTebs. amdenad,
areopagitikasTan akvinelis msoflmxedvelobis mimarTeba
upirvelesad sainteresoa ara misi ganviTarebis Tvalsaz-
risiT, aramed mxolod Teologiuri interpretaciiT.

$5. areopagitika da maister ekhartis

msoflmxedveloba

Sua saukuneebis azrovnebis istoriaSi umniSvnelova-

nesi adgili ukavia germanuli mistikis mamamTavars – mais-
ter ekharts (1260-1327). g. TevzaZis aRniSvniT, igi iyo
`pirveli germaneli originaluri filosofosi, romelmac
mniSvnelovnad gansazRvra germanuli Teologiuri da fi-
losofiuri azrovnebis, iseve rogorc mTeli kulturis,
Semdgomi ganviTareba...~.1
is faqti, rom maister ekharti germanuli filosofiis,
Teologiisa da, saerTod, germanuli kulturis saTavee-
bTanaa, ukve miuTiTebs misi msoflmxedvelobis Seswavlis
aqtualobaze. m. sabaSnikovis SeniSvniT, ekharti iwyebs re-
ligiuri cxovrebis axal eras2 da bunebrivia, am kuTxiT
misi msoflmxedvelobis Seswavlisadmi interesi. ekhartis
msoflmxedveloba uxvad sazrdoobda winamavali filoso-
fiuri da Teologiuri sistemebiT da amdenad, misi mso-
flmxedveloba yuradRebas imsaxurebs im mxrivac, Tu ra
bedi ewia winamaval msoflmxedvelobriv sistemebs mis moZ-
RvrebaSi.
germaneli mkvlevari v. pregeri spekulatur mistikas
asxvavebs Cveulebrivi qristianul-sqolastikuri mistikis-

1
Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. Tb., 1984, II
nawili, gv. 228.
2
Майстер Экхарт. Духовная проповедь и рассуждения. М., 1912, gv. X.

330
gan1 da maister ekharts, spekulaturi mistikis warmomad-
genlad miiCnevs2. gavixsenoT, plotinesa da fsevdo-dionise
areopagelis mistikis Teoriul-inteleqtualur xasiaTi3.
am mxriv maister ekhartis misticizmic didad mniSvnelova-
nia da CarTul unda iqnes aRniSnul saerTo msoflmxedve­
lobriv wreSi, romelsac dasabami plotinem misca, xolo
fsevdo-dionisem ganaviTara.
fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da maister ekhartis mso-
flmxedvelobebis mimarTebis kvlevisas umniSvnelovanesad
migvaCnia am ori moazrovnis Tvalsazrisi pirvelmizezze,
samyarosa da RmerTis mimarTebaze, RvTaebriv araraze, su-
lis Sesaxeb moZRvrebaze, RmerTisken miswrafebasa da ada-
mianis daniSnulebaze.
maister ekhartis msoflmxedvelobas S. nucubiZe
araerTgzis Seexo gamokvlevaSi – `rusTaveli da aRmosavlu­
ri renesansi~4. nucubiZem maister ekharti im moazrovneTa
siaSi Seitana, romlebic antikurobis aTvisebisas upirveles
yuradRebas aqcevdnen RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis
ideas. am msoflmxedvelobam, nucubiZis azriT, renesansis
Teoriuli safuZvlebi moamzada da gza gauxsna amqveyniu-
ris Rirebulad gamocxadebis Tvalsazriss.
qarTul filosofiur mecnierebaSi maister ekhartis
msoflmxedvelobis Seswavlis gzaze mniSvnelovnad unda
CaiTvalos g. TevzaZis specialuri statia – `maister ekhar-
tis filosofiuri Sexedulebebi~5, sadac gadmocemulia
ekhartis msoflmxedvelobis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi: `RvTa­
ebrioba da RmerTi ekhartis moZRvrebaSi~, `Semecnebis

1
N. Preger. Geschichte der deusche Mystik im Mittelalter. Leipzig, 1874, T.h.
gv. 145.
2
iqve, gv. 146.
3
dawvrilebiT ix. winamdebare gamokvlevis III Tavi, $2 .
4
S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi.
Tb., 1976, IV t. gv. 68, 81, 129.
5
Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. II nawili,
gv. 228-264.

331
ekhartiseuli gageba~, `ekhartis eTikuri Sexedulebani~;
statiaSi gansazRvrulia azrovnebis istoriaSi ekhartis
adgili.

1. ekhartis msoflmxedvelobis wyaroebi

maister ekhartis msoflmxedvelobis Taviseburebisa
da winamaval moZRvrebebTan misi mimarTebis garkvevisTvis
didi mniSvneloba eniWeba im wyaroebis dadgenas, romlebiT-
ac ekharti Tavisi sistemis agebisas sargeblobda. ekhartis
qadagebanisa da traqtatebis ubralo Tvalis gadavlebac ki
cxads xdis, rom misTvis upirvelesi avtoritetebia: bibli-
uri Tqmulebebi, pavle mociqulis Sexedulebani, avgust-
inesa da fsevdo-dionises moZRvrebani. unda aRiniSnos, rom
ekharti Tavisi moZRvrebis rTuli adgilebisa da iq das-
muli kiTxvebis pasuxisTvis xSirad mimarTavs avgustinesa
da fsevdo-dionise areopagels. fsevdo-dionises, umrav-
les SemTxvevaSi, moixseniebs `Rirseulis~ saxeliT.
maister ekharti sadavo adgilebis gasarkvevad xSir-
ad dausaxeleblad imowmebs `warmarTi brZenis~ mosazre-
bas. umravles SemTxvevaSi am `warmarT brZenTa~ mosazre-
baSi romelime neoplatonikosi moazrovnis Tvalsazrisi
ikiTxeba. aqedan cxadia, rom ekhartisTvis neoplatonur
filosofias didi mniSvneloba eniWeba.
v. pregeri maister ekhartis mistikas antikuri misti-
kuri moZRvrebis ganviTarebad miiCnevs. avtoris azriT,
ekhartis msoflmxedvelobaSi ganviTarebulia fsevdo-di-
onise areopagelis misticizmi da am gzaze igi mkveTrad
gansxvavdeba ioane skot eriugenasgan, romelmac fsevdo-
dionises mistika mxolod sqolastikisa da Teologiis
mimarTulebiT ganaviTara. eriugenasgan gansxvavebiT, –
aRniSnavs v. pregeri, – maister ekhartma areopagitul moZ-
RvrebaSi mxolod religiursa da Teoligiur momentebs ki

332
ar miaqcia yuradReba, aramed WeSmariti Semecnebis axal
sakiTxebsac1.
a. Stoklis azriT, maister ekharti areopagitikis
eriugenaseul komentarebs emyareba da amis gamo ideebis
neoplatonur wreSi ikargeba. amitomacaa, rom ekhartTan
mudam gvxvdeba emanaciur-panTeisturi principebi. `...mis
sistemaSi did rols asrulebs neoplatonuri elementebi
da gansazRvravs mis warmodgenas RmerTisa da samyaros
damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. samyaroSi RmerTis transcenden-
turobisa da imanenturobis Segueba iyo rogorc misi, ise
neoplatonikosebis mxridan amao cda~2.
k. hase miuTiTebs areopagituli mistikis did mniSvne­
lobaze ekhartis msoflmxedvelobisTvis. is Tvlis, rom
ekhartis Teologia areopagitulis aslia3. sainteresoa
k. hases Semdegi mosazrebac: radganac ekhartTan sagnebSi
umaRlesia suli, romelic RmerTad unda iqces, amitomac
yvela Seqmnili sagani sabolood RmerTs unda daubrundes.
amgvarad, mudmivi procesebis mizania gadmoRvril RvTae-
baSi ukudabruneba. `es aris neoplatonuri filosofiis
ZiriTadi Tvalsazrisi, romelic eriugenas SromebiTac
SeeZlo gaecno maister ekharts~4.
S. nucubiZe maister ekharts im moazrovneTa (fsevdo-
dionise, maqsime aRmsarebeli, eriugena, bonaventura da sxv.)
gverdiT moiazrebda, romelTac, misi azriT, RmerTisa da
samyaros erTianobis idea aRiares da renesansis filoso-
fiuri safuZvlebi moamzades. es xazi, nucubiZis azriT,
upirispirdeboda klimenti aleqsandrielis, tertulianes,
avgustinesa da Toma akvinelis xazs5. S. nucubiZis es Tval-

1
W. Preger. dasax. naSr., gv. 147.
А. Штёкль. История средневековой философии. М.,1912, gv. 292.
2

3
K. Hasse. Von Plotin zu Goethe. Iena, 1912, gv. 147.
4
iqve, gv. 148.
5
S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi. IV
t. gv. 68.

333
sazrisi dazustebas saWiroebs. kerZod: usafuZvlod Cans
e. w. `emanaciur-panTeisturi~ (a. Stoklis terminia) yaidis
moazrovneTa gverdiT maqsime aRmsareblis moxsenieba. amas-
Tan, nucubiZe, e. kasirerTan kamaTSi aRniSnavs, rom `rac
Rirebulia maister ekhartTan, Tu mas `samoselis~ gareSe
ganvixilavT, im xazis ganviTarebaze daiyvaneba, romelic
modis areopagituli yaidis revoluciur-opoziciuri mis-
tikis pirveli nabijebidan, mistikisa, romlis warmomadgen-
lebic, maT Soris ki TviT ekhartic, devnas ganicdidnen~1.
aqac SeiZleba bevri ram sadavo iyos, magram erTi cxadia:
nucubiZis azriT, maister ekhartis msoflmxedvelobis
yvelaze mniSvnelovani Tvalsazrisi areopagituli warmo-
mavlobisaa.
g. TevzaZe maister ekhartis wvlils neoplatonuri fi-
losofiis ganviTarebaSi xedavs: `araradan, rogorc RvTa­
ebriobas dabrunebuli samyarodan, raRac iseTis gamor­
Ceva, romelic ararasgan gansxvavebuli, e. i. grZnobad
garemocvaSi RvTaebriv brwyinvalebasac inarCunebs~2. aq
dgeba sakiTxi dabrunebis Semdeg specifikurobis Senar-
Cunebis Sesaxeb. TevzaZis SeniSvniT, `es aris RmerTSi sa-
myaros dabrunebis Semdeg RvTaebis amaRlebis sakiTxi, rac
imaSi mdgo­mareobs, rom aq ukve diferencireba gvaqvs, es ki
ufro maRali safexuria, vidre aradiferencireba. marTa-
lia, SeniSnavs avtori, ekharts es sakiTxi ar dauyenebia, ma-
gram amas moiTxovs `individis damoukidebeli Rirebulebis
ekhartiseuli Teoria~3.
dasasrul, g. TevzaZis mosazrebidan umniSvnelovanesad
migvaCnia Semdegi: neoplatonizmSi mocemulia Tvalsazrisi,
rom RmerTs ara aqvs Tavisufali nebisyofa da misi sis-

1
S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi.
IV t. gv. 81.
2
Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. II nawili,
gv. 243.
3
iqve, gv. 244.

334
rule mis gamosxivebasac gulisxmobs. avtoris SeniSvniT,
es iyo yvela im qristiani Tu arabi filosofosis gadau-
laxavi siZnele, romelic neoplatonizmis gavlenas ganic-
dida: `qristianuli filosofiis mier ubralod Tavis mo-
tyueba iyo, roca man neoplatonizmis magier areopagitika
Seiwynara. SemTxveviTi ar iyo is garemoeba, rom TiTqmis
yvela moazrovne, romelic areopagitikas emyareboda,
gakicxul iqna. ekhartic maT Soris iyo~1 (xazgasma Cemia,
– m. m.). es mosazreba mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia imdenad, ram-
denadac arcTu iSviaTad CvenSi fsevdo-dionise areopage-
lis msoflmxedvelobis ukiduresad calmxrivi ganxilvis
safuZvelze es moZRvreba filosofias CamoSorebulia da
TiTqosda areopagituli moZRvrebis devna S. nucubiZis
gamogonili iyos. g. TevzaZis aq gamoTqmuli mosazreba ki
im obieqturi viTarebis asaxvaa, rasac sinamdvileSi hqonda
adgili areopagituli moZRvrebis mimarT.
maister ekhartis msoflmxedvelobis wyaroebis am
mokle mimoxilvidanac cxadad Cans, rom misi moZRvrebis
ZiriTadi principebi gansazRvrulia neoplatonuri fi-
losofiiTa da `qristianuli neoplatonizmiT~ (areopagi-
tika) da amdenad, ekhartis msoflmxedvelobis areopagiti-
kasTan (da amis safuZvelze neoplatonizmTan) mimarTebiT
kvleva misi arsebis gagebis yvelaze marTebuli gzaa.

2. ekhartis moZRvreba RmerTze

RvTaebrioba da RmerTi. ekhartis moZRvrebaSi gansa-
kuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba RmerTisa da RvTaebriobis
gansxvavebas. unda aRiniSnos, rom moZRvreba RvTaebriobisa
da RmerTis gansxvavebaze ekhartTan is Tvalsazrisia, ro-
melic mkveTrad gansxvavdeba areopagitulisgan.
RvTaebriobisa da RmerTis gansxvavebaze msjelobisas
ekharti ixilavs agreTve Sinagan adamianursa da garegan

Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. II nawili,

1

gv. 243.

335
adamianurs, romlebic erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba Rmer-
Tisgan boZebulis aTvisebis unariT. garegan adamianuri,
ekhartis azriT, iRebs Seqmnils mxolod rogorc Seqm-
nils. xolo Sinagan adamianuri – raimes, rogorc RvTae-
briv boZebuls: `uSinaganes adamianuri Cemi arseba ki maT
iRebs ara rogorc RvTis boZebuls, aramed rogorc mara-
diul Tavisas! radganac TviT RmerTic ki warmoiqmneba da
gardamavalia~1. ekhartis es Tvalsazrisi, erTi SexedviT,
gaugebaric kia, ramdenadac aRniSnulia RmerTis warmoq­
mnasa da maradiulobaze, rac RmerTis mimarT, tradici-
uli msoflmxedve­lobis Tanaxmad, miuRebelia. es imis gamo,
rom RmerTis cneba yovelTvis maradiulobas, Seuqmnelo-
bas, ucvlelobas... gulisxmobs. ekhartTan es tradiciuli
Tvalsazrisi gauqmebulia da srulyofilebis umaRles
safexurze RmerT­ze maRla RvTaebriobaa warmodgenili.
a. Stokli aCvenebs RvTaebriobisa da RmerTis cnebebis
gansxvavebis ekhartiseuli Tvalsazrisis arsebas: ekharti
uSvebs gansxvavebas RvTaebriobasa da RvTaebriv saxeebs
Soris. RvTaebriobaSi igi gulisxmobs RmerTis martivsa
da wminda arsebas, rasac uwodebs safuZvels, RmerTis Sina-
gan wyaros, romelSic maradiuli siwynarea, araviTari mo-
qmedeba araa da masSi RmerTs sZinavs, rogorc maradiul
wyvdiads. am maradiul wyvdiadSi RmerTi sakuTriv Tavisi
TavisTvisac ki Seucnobelia2.
maister ekhartTan RvTaebriobasa da RmerTze moZ-
Rvreba amiT ar mTavrdeba. RvTaebrioba, rogorc ukve iTq-
va, absoluturi siwynarea, romelSic araviTari cvlileba
ar aris; RvTaebrioba Tavis Tavsac ki ar icnobs. ekhartis
msoflmxedvelobis mimarT, bunebrivia daisvas kiTxva: Tuki
RmerTi RvTaebriobaSia, maSin ra gansxvavebaa RvTaebrioba-
sa da RmerTs Soris, xom ar arian isini igiveobrivi? ekhar-
tis moZRvrebis sxva adgilebis gaTvaliswinebiT SeiZleba

Майстер Экхарт. dasax. naSr., gv. 36.

1

А. Штёкль. dasax. naSr., gv. 289.

2

336
am kiTxvas ase vupasuxoT: RvTaebriobaSi RmerTs Tavisi da-
moukidebloba dakarguli aqvs, magram RvTaebriobaSi mara-
diulad gaTqvefili rodia.
RvTaebrioba gadis am maradiuli wyvdiadidan da am gas-
vlis Semdeg is ukve RmerTia. a. Stoklis SeniSvniT, am mara-
diul wyvdiadSi RvTaebrivi arseba gamovlinda mamaRmer-
Tis saxiT da ramdenadac mamaRmerTi imecnebs Tavis Tavs,
am TviTSemecnebaSi is badebs Ze-s. magram, Tavis mxriv, roca
ibadeba mama, is RvTaebriobas rodia mowyvetili. swored,
mamaRmerTSi RvTaebriobas uyvars Tavis Tavi da am siyvar-
ulSi Ze-sTan erTad warmoqmnis wmida suls. `amgvarad, mara-
diulad idumali RmerTis pirvelsafuZveli gamovlindeba.
`RvTaebrioba~ xdeba `RmerTi~ – RmerTi sam saxeSi~1.
rogorc ukve aRniSnulidan Cans, maister ekhartis mso-
flmxedvelobaSi qristianuli RmerTi – sameba da RmerTi
absoluti – erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebulia.
ekhartis Tvalsazrisi RvTaebriobaze, rogorc abso-
lutsa da yvelafris safuZvelze, ar gansxvavdeba neo-
platonur-areopagituli RmerTisgan. kerZod: plotinesa
da fsev­ do-dionise areopagelTan RmerTi srulyofilebis
uma­R­lesi formaa, yvelafris safuZvelia da yvela arsebas
mas­Si aqvs dasabami. RmerTSi yvela arseba imyofeba ganusx-
vaveblad. amasTan, plotinesa da areopagitul moZRvrebaSi,
RmerTis sameufeo wyviadia. maister ekhartTanac RmerTis
pirvelsafuZveli – RvTaebrioba – wyvdiadia, romelSic
aris maradiuli siwynare, ucvleloba da a. S. es RvTaebrio-
ba – RmerTis pirvelsafuZveli – TavisTavad damoukidebe-
lia RvTaebrivi saxeebisgan da, amasTan, Tavis TavSi yvela
arsebuli arsebas Seicavs2.
maister ekhartis moZRvrebaSi mocemuli RvTaebriobis
cneba rogorc Tavisi SinaarsiT, ise roliTa da mniSvne­
lobiT samyaroSi, arsebiTad emTxveva neoplatonur-are-

А. Штёкль. dasax. naSr., gv. 290.

1

iqve, gv.290.
2

337
opagitul Tvalsazriss pirvelmizezis (RmerTis) Sesaxeb.
magram maT Soris am sakiTxSi aris arsebiTi gansxvavebac.
gansxvaveba upirvelesad mJRavndeba maSin, roca msjeloba
RmerT-samebas Seexeba.
ekhartTan RvTaebrioba da RmerTi-sameba, garkveuli
azriT, erTmaneTisgan damoukidebelia. maTze cal-calke
midis msjeloba, maSin roca areopagitul moZRvrebaSi ar-
sebiTad msjeloba exeba erT yovlad srulyofil RmerTs1.
riTaa ganpirobebuli or qristian moazrovnes So-
ris aseTi gansxvaveba RmerTi-samebis moZRvrebis sakiTx-
Si? rodesac areopagituli moZRvreba iqmneboda, antikur
filosofiur memkvidreobas msoflmxedvelobrivi Tval-
sazrisiT, jer kidev didi Zala hqonda da es kargad Cans
fsevdo-dionises sistemaSi, gansakuTrebiT RmerTze moZ-
RvrebaSi, kerZod, areopagituli Tvalsazrisi erTi Rmer-
Tis Sesaxeb neoplatonuri Sinaarsis Semcvelia da amdenad,
mis sistemaSi mocemulia RmerTi-absoluti.
maister ekhartis moRvaweobis periodSi qristianul
msoflmxedvelobas ukve warmmarTveli roli ukavia. ekharti
antikuri memkvidreobidan iRebs imas, rac misi msoflmxed-
velobisTvis misaRebia da cdilobs mis gamoyenebas. magram
mTavari misTvis mainc qristianuli sampirovnuli RmerTia
da mis moZRvrebaSi es specifikur mniSvnelobas iZens.
yvelaferi amis safuZvelze ki, neoplatonur-areopa­
gituli msoflmxedvelobisgan gansxvavebiT, ekhartis mo­
Z­
Rv­
rebaSi sxvaa RmerTi, rogorc RvTaebrioba da RmerTi,
rogorc sameba; g. TevzaZis azriT, `ekhartis zemoaRniS-
nul msjelobaSi naTlad gamoikveTa ori cneba: RmerTi,
rogorc ufskruli, rogorc arara, rogorc RvTaebrioba

areopagitika, rogorc qristianuli Zegli, Seicavs moZRvrebas

1

samebaze, magram igi ise gancalkevebulad araa warmodgenili,

rogorc es ekhartis moZRvrebaSia.

338
da RmerTi, rogorc qristianuli sameba, rogorc emanacia
RvTaebriobisagan~1.
RvTaebasa da RmerTs Soris gansxvavebaze ekhartis
Tvalsazriss cxads xdis misi moZRvreba arsebaTa warmo-
Sobaze.

3. arsebaTa warmoSoba
aRiniSna, rom maister ekhartis msoflmxedvelobaSi,
neoplatonikosebis msgavsad, adgili hqonda samyaroSi
RmerTis imanenturobisa da transcendenturobis Seguebis
amao cdas (a. Stokli). es amocana upirvelesad neopla-
tonur filosofiaSi dadga da maister ekhartis moZRvre-
baSic aqtualuria. amis mizezi ki aris is, rom ekharti ro-
gorc qristiani moRvawe, RmerTis transcendentur gagebas
aRiarebda, magram igi, amave dros, rogorc neoplatonur-
areopagituli ideebis gamgrZelebeli, RmerTis imanenturi
gagebis Tvalsazrissac uSvebda. amitomac SemTxveviTi ar
unda iyos is garemoeba, rom ekhartis moZRvrebaSi vxvdeb-
iT RmerTis rogorc emnaciur, ise transcendentur war-
modgenas.
maister ekharti Tavisi qadagebebis SesavalSi svams
kiTxvas: ratom daiwera saRvTo werili da ratom Seqmna
RmerTma samyaro? am kiTxvas ekharti ase pasuxobs: mxo­
lod imisTvis, rom RmerTi dabadebuliyo sulSi da suli
dabadebuliyo RmerTSi. ekharti aRniSnavs: `yovelgvari
marcvleulis idumali buneba winaswar gulisxmobs xor-
bals, wiaRiseuli – oqros, xolo yovelgvar dabadebas –
miznad aqvs adamiani~2. maister ekhartis es Tvalsazrisi
ormxrivaa saintereso, pirveli: sakiTxis dayeneba RmerTis
mier samyaros Seqmnaze da misi upirvelesi pasuxi – raTa
RmerTi dabadebuliyo sulSi da suli ki RmerTSi – re-

1
Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. II nawili,
gv. 233.
2
Майстер Экхарт. dasax. naSr., gv. 3.

339
ligiuri msoflmxedvelobis pasuxia; meore, ekhartis mier
arsebul sinamdvileSi imis aRniSvna, rom yvelaferSi aris
srulyofilebisken miswrafeba: marcvleulSi – xor­blisken,
wiaRiseulSi – oqrosken da dabadebaSi – adamianisken, mis
msoflmxedvelobaSi emanitizmis Tvalsazrisis arsebobis
maCvenebelia.
ekhartis msoflmxedvelobaSi RmerTis transcendentu-
ri da imanenturi gagebis nimuSia misi Semdegi mosazreba:
RmerTi ucbad, myisierad qmnis Tavis saqmes Tavis TavSi
da Tavisi Tavisgan. RmerTs cisa da dedamiwis Seqmnisas ar
ufiqria, rom dRes erTi Seeqmna, xval – meore. amisTvis
RmerTma mxolod erTi ram gaakeTa – isurva da yvelaferi
gaCda1. aqac naTeli unda iyos is Sinagani winaaRmdegoba,
rac saerTod damaxasiaTebelia ekhartis moZRvrebisTvis.
RmerTs ar ufiqria jer ca Seeqmna, xolo Semdgom dedami-
wa, an kidev, piriqiT, es xom imas niSnavs, rom am SemTxveva-
Si RmerTi imanenturi aucileblobiT moqmedebda. magram
iqve ekhartis mier imis aRniSvna, rom RmerTma isurva da
yvelaferi gaaCina, RmerTis transcendenturi bunebis aRi-
arebaa. es ki, ra Tqma unda, ekhartis msoflmxedvelobis
Sinagani winaaRmdegobis maCvenebelia.
ekhartis moZRvrebaSi RvTaebis gasvla Tavisi Tavidan
da RmerTi-samebis warmoqmnac transcendentizmis Tval-
sazrisis gamomxatvelia. k. hase SeniSnavs, rom ekhartis
moZRvrebis mixedviT – RmerTis realuri arsi mis krea-
turaSia2. am SeniSvnas aucileblad unda gaewios angariSi.
ekhartis moZRvrebaSi RmerTi samyaros qmnis arafrisgan da
droSi Seqmna gansxvavdeba RmerTSi maradiuli Seqmnisgan,
rogorc mxatvruli nawarmoebi mxatvris gonebaSi arsebuli
nawarmoebis idealisgan3.

1
Майстер Экхарт. dasax. naSr., gv. 17.
2
K. Hasse. dasax. naSr., gv. 147.
3
А. Штёкль. dasax. naSr., gv. 291.

340
 zemoaRniSnulTan erTad Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imasac,
rom ekhartis moZRvrebaSi Seqmna yovelTvis garkveul
mizans emsaxureba da es mizani RmerTis TviTganxorciele-
bas gulisxmobs, maSin Zneli ar unda iyos mis moZRvrebaSi
sayovelTao transcendentizmis aRiareba. ase, magaliTad,
ekhartis Tanaxmad, `RmerTi yvela Tavis moqmedebaSi er-
Tob keTil mizans usaxavs Tavis Tavs da surs suli yvela
ZaliT am miznisken – Tavisi Tavisken mimarTos~, `am mizniT
badebs sulSi RmerTi Tavis Svils, raTa sulis yvela Zalam
miaRwion am mizans~1. aq, ekhartis moZRvrebaSi RmerTi war-
modgenilia pirovnebis saxiT, romelic garkveuli mizan-
dasaxulobiT moqmedebs. es ki ar Seesabameba emanaciur
moZRvrebas, metic – ewinaaRmdegeba mas.
zemoaRniSnulis Semdeg, TiTqosda, azric ki ara aqvs
davZebnoT ekhartis moZRvrebaSi adgilebi, sadac emana-
tizmis amsaxveli Sinaarsi iqneba mocemuli. a. Stoklis
SeniSvniT, maister ekhartis moZRvrebaSi `arafrisagan Se-
qmnaze~ gvxvdeba iseTi mosazrebebi, romlebic gansxvavdeba
qristianuli gagebisgan da emanaciuria: `RvTaebrivi arsi,
– ambobs ekharti, iRvreba yvela arsebaSi, imis mixedviT, Tu
ramdenad SeuZlia TiToeul maTgans misi miReba. amrigad,
rac Seqmnilia, aris RmerTi. Tuki sagnebi ar iqneba Rmer-
TiT savse, maSin isini ararad gadaiqcevian~2.
ekhartis moZRvrebaSi arsebaTa warmoSoba aucile-
blobiT mimdinareobs da es ganpirobebulia sikeTiT, vi-
naidan RmerTi absoluturi sikeTea: `yovelgvari sikeTe
Tanaziaria, ese igi iRvreba sxvaSi~3. amis Taobaze sain-
teresoa sakuTriv ekhartis SeniSvna: `misi (ese igi, Rmer-
Tis) bunebrivi keTiloba raRacnairad aiZulebs RmerTs
amisTvis (ese igi gadmoiRvaros)~. ekhartisave azriT, TviT
RvTaebriobis cneba gulisxmobs, rom man yvela arsebas,

1
Майстер Экхарт. dasax. naSr., gv. 72.
2
А. Штёкль. dasax. naSr., gv. 291.
3
iqve, gv. 290.

341
romelTac sikeTis miRebis unari aqvs, unda auwyos misi
keTilobis Sesaxeb da amrigad: `RmerTi qmnis yvelafers
aucileblobiT~. Semdeg yvelaferi es, ese igi, RmerTis mier
yvelafris aucileblobiT Seqmna, ekharts dakavSirebuli
aqvs arsebis warmoSobis maradiulobasTan da mas avrce-
lebs upirvelesad ZeRmerTis Seqmnaze. marTalia, ekharti
yvelafers amas samebas ukavSirebs, magram mis mier sikeTis
safuZvelze warmoqmnis aucileblobasa da maradiulo-
baze xazgasma veRar eteva religiuri msoflmxedvelobis
CarCoebSi da misi Zirebis Ziebisas neoplatonizmamde mi-
vdivarT. amdenad, a. Stoklis Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanax-
madac ekhartis moZRvreba `arafrisagan Seqmnaze~ emanaci-
uria, safuZvels moklebuli ar aris.
maister ekharti imowmebs fsevdo-dionise areopagels
da eTanxmeba imaSi, rom RmerTi arsebebSi aris ganuyofeli
Zala, erTiani sikeTe, romelic Tavis TavSi moicavs yvela
arsebulebs1. ekhartis azriT, RmerTi Tavis TavSi erTiania
da amas gansakuTrebiT gaigeben isini, vinc SeqmnilSi goni-
erni arian, roca samebaSi xedaven erTian RmerTs. amrigad,
aRniSnavs ekharti, yovel arsebuls Tavisi arsi RmerTSi
aqvT, xolo sakuTriv maT arseba miRebuli aqvT maTSi Rmer-
Tis yofniT2. Tumca sxva adgilas ekharti cdilobs aCvenos
arsebebSi RmerTis yofnis SesaZlebloba, magram aq, swored
es azria gatarebuli. es Cans kargad a. Stoklis Semdegi
SeniSvnidanac: ekhartis Tanaxmad, arsebulTa arsi maTSi
RmerTis yofniT ganisazRvreba da sakmarisia RmerTma wami-
erad miatovos isini, rom araraSi gadavlen3.
gavixsenoT areopagituli Tvalsazrisi romlis Tanax-
mad, RmerTi yvelaferSi yvelaferia da igi yvelaferSi
Seimecneba. fsevdo-dionises es mosazreba SeiZleba miC-
neul iqnes ekhartis aRniSnuli Tvalsazrisis safuZvlad.

1
Майстер Экхарт. dasax. naSr., gv. 92.
2
iqve, gv. 95.
3
А.Штёкль. dasax. naSr., gv. 291.

342
rogorc vnaxeT, am sakiTxSi TviT ekhartic mimarTavs
fsevdo-dionises. magram aq sakiTxis sicxadisTvis mizanSe-
wonilia vupasuxoT kiTxvas: rogor arsebobs erTi RmerTi
mraval saganSi? es aris siZnele, romelic saukuneebis gan-
mavlobaSi idga religiur da filosofiur moZRvrebaSi. es
siZnele dgas ekhartTanac.
neoplatonur filosofiaSi es siZnele asea gadaWri-
li: arsebebSi aris RvTaebrivi Zalebi da amdenad, am Za-
lebis saxiT arsebebSi monawileobs RmerTic; areopagiti-
kaSi RmerTi, rogorc arsebaTa mizezi da saboloo mizani,
garkveuli azriT maTSi arsebobs. ekhartis moZRvrebaSi ki,
RmerTi imyofeba yvela arsebaSi, ramdenadac is moqmedeb-
da da grZnobda, magram mxolod sulSi badebs igi Tavis
Tavs, am dabadebisTvis sulis garda, arc erTi Seqmnili ar
gamodgeba. rogorc vxedavT, ekhartis moZRvrebaSi sagnebSi
RmerTis arsebobaze naTeli pasuxi ar arsebobs.
dasasrul ki SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ekhartis msoflmxed-
velobaSi RmerTis mier samyaros Seqmnaze Tvalsazrisi
araTanamimdevrulia, kerZod, masSi vxvdebiT rogorc kre-
acionistul, ise emanaciur Tvalsazrisebs.

4. misticizmi ekhartis moZRvrebaSi

maister ekhartis mixedviT, RmerTma adamiani Seqmna Ta-
visi Tavis SemecnebisTvis. am debulebidan cxadi xdeba, Tu
ra didi movaleoba ekisreba adamians da es moTxovna ekhar-
tis msoflmxedvelobis qvakuTxedia. ekhartis moZRvrebas
gasdevs ZiriTadi idea – `individis RvTaebrivi naperwkali,
rogorc Seuqmneli da uxrwneli~1. amgvarad, ekhartis moZ-
RvrebaSi centralur adgils ikavebs moZRvreba adamianze
da misi Tvalsazrisi am problemis Sesaxeb emsgavseba are­
opagituls.

Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. II nawili,

1

gv. 229.

343
 ekhartis moZRvrebaSi adamianis umTavresi daniSnule-
baa RmerTTan ukudabruneba-gaerTianeba. rogor unda
moiqces amisTvis adamiani? RmerTTan ukudabrunebisa da
gaerTianebis erTi upirvelesi pirobaa, rom adamianma
`RmerTi yvela saganSi unda aRmoaCinos da mis myudroe-
bas SeeCvios~1. magram yvela saganSi RmerTis aRmoCenisas
aucilebelia Semdegi: arasodes ar unda vecadoT gavigoT
RmerTi, rogorc saxe, rames an vinmes msgavsi: `mxolod is,
vinc ar eZebs RmerTs saxeSi, SesZlebs mis dauflebas, ro-
gorc is aris TavisTavad~2. RmerTi ekhartis azriT, iwyeba
iq, sadac Seqmnilebi mTavrdeba.
RmerTTan gaerTianebisTvis aucilebelia garkveuli
moTxovnebis dakmayofileba. amisTvis RmerTi Cvengan sxva
arafers moiTxovs, Tu ara, sakuTari Tavidan gasvlas. es
imis gamo, rom adamiani Seqmnilia da Tu is Seqmnilze ver
amaRldeba, maSin masSi RmerTi ver naxavs Tavis samyofels3.
ekharti aRniSnavs, rom RmerTTan gaerTianebisTvis ori
moTxovnis dakmayofilebaa aucilebeli: RmerTis siyvaru-
li da RmerTis Semecneba4. ekhartis azriT, Tu Cven gvin-
da RmerTTan gaverTiandeT, amisaTvis saWiroa vaRiaroT:
RmerTi CvenTvis ucnobia5.
rogorc vxedavT, maister ekhartis moZRvrebaSi adamia-
nis upirvelesi movaleoba da daniSnulebaa RmerTTan uku-
dabruneba-gaerTianeba. magram rogor unda ganaxorcielos
adamianma RmerTisadmi zeasvla? am kiTxvaze ekhartis pa-
suxi iseTivea, rogorc es saerTod Sua saukuneebis Teo-
logiur-filosofiur azrovnebaSi iyo: mistikur WvretaSi
unda ganaxorcielos adamianma RmerTis xilva da masTan
gaerTianeba.

1
Meister Eckhart. Predigten und Traktate. II Auflage. München, 1969, gv. 59.
2
Майстер Экхарт. Проповеди и рассуждения. gv. 25.
3
iqve.
4
iqve, gv. 91-92.
5
iqve.

344
 adamiani xom RmerTis mieraa Seqmnili SemecnebisTvis.
maSin adamianisTvis ra unda iyos imaze metad sasurveli
da aucilebeli, Tu ara sakuTriv RmerTis Semecneba da am
gziT sabolood masTan ukudabruneba-gaerTianeba. Rmer-
TTan gaerTianebisTvis, ekhartis azriT, adamianma WeS-
maritebas unda emsaxuros da ara imas, rac mas gamoadgeba.
amasTan, adamianma unda Seikavos Tavi, gaTavisufldes gare-
gani kavSirebisgan da gancdas unda mieces, raTa am gziT
moemzados RmerTTan SesaerTeblad1.
a. Stokli ixilavs mistikuri Wvretis pirobebs ekhar-
tis moZRvrebaSi, rac SemdegSi mdgomareobs: pirvel rig-
Si, adamiani unda ganiwmindos codvebisgan, amis Semdeg
Camoicilos garegani kavSirebi, CaRrmavdes Tavis TavSi da
iqces martivad. aRniSnuli pirobebis ganxorcielebis Sem-
deg dgeba mTavari – adamiani unda mieces RmerTs, gaxdes
pasiuri, umoqmedo da sabolood minebdes RmerTs. es aris
sruli dawynareba.
RmerTze saboloo mindobisa da minebebis safuZvel-
ze adamianis sulSi Semodis ciuri sinaTle – RvTaebrivi
sinaTle inTeba misi sulis centrSi. am sinaTleSi RmerTi
cxaddeba mTeli Tavisi arsebiT da adamianis suli rogor-
Rac iTqvifeba RmerTSi, adamiani RmerTi xdeba da gadadis
gaRmerTebis mdgomareobaSi. `amgvarad, adamiani ibadeba Ze-
Si da es dabadeba Ze-Si aris mTeli mistikuri cxovrebis
mizani~2.
ekhartis azriT, rodesac adamiani am gziT SeZlebs
yvelafris CamoSorebas, maSin mTlianad miecema RmerTs da
gaerTiandeba masTan. amis Semdeg, rac ar unda SeemTxves
adamians – garegani Tu Sinagani, sasixarulo Tu sawyeni,
eseni mas aRar ekuTvnis3.

1
Meister Eckhart. dasax. naSr., gv. 89.
2
А. Штёкль. dasax. naSr., gv. 292-294.
3
Майстер Экхарт. dasax. naSr., gv. 85.

345
 sabolood, ekhartTan RmerTamde mistikur zeasvlaze
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am moZRvrebaSi ZiriTadad SenarCu-
nebulia areopagituli misticizmis principebi, Tumca ze-
asvlaze Tvalsazrisi ufro daxvewili da gasagebia.
maister ekhartis moZRvrebaSi adamianis upirvelesi
amocana da ZiriTadi daniSnuleba RmerTTan ukudabruneba-
gaerTianebaa, amdenad, adamianis zneobrivi pasuxismgeblo-
bac amiT unda Sefasdes.
am mimarTebiT sainteresoa is, rom ekhartis moZRvre-
baSi, neoplatonizmisa da areopagitikisagan gansxvavebiT,
yuradReba ar eqceva borotebis substanciurobis sakiTxs.
ekhartTan sakuTriv adamianis zneobrivi pasuximgeblobaa
mTavari. yovelive amis gamo am sakiTxSi ekhartisa da are­
opagituli msoflmxedvelobis mimarTebis kvleva naklebm-
niSvnelovania.
maister ekhartis msoflmxedvelobaSi sulze moZRvreba
mkveTrad gansxvavdeba areopagitulisgan, xolo RvTaebri-
vi `araras~ Sesaxeb ekhartiseuli Tvalsazrisi areopagi-
tulis ganviTarebaa. orive am sakiTxis ganxilva ki ufro
naTlad warmoaCens ekhartis misticizmis arss.
ekharti sulSi or mxares asxvavebs: naperwkalsa da
Zalebs. naperwkali gonebacaa, sulicaa da grZnobac. es
naperwkali, ekhartis azriT, ise wmindaa, Tavis TavSi ama-
Rlebuli da keTilSobilia, rom masSi araviTar Seqmnas
adgili ara aqvs. masSi mxolod RmerTis RvTaebriv bunebas
moepoveba samyofeli1. es sulis WeSmariti pirvelsafuZ-
vlis analogiuria da masSi aisaxeba RvTaebis saxe. es na-
perwkali, ekhartis Tanaxmad, ara mxolod gaerTianebulia
RmerTTan, aramed masTan erTad Seadgens erTians2. aq, ro-
gorc vxedavT, ekharti cdilobs RmerTsa da adamians So-
ris `xidis gadebas~.

vimowmebT А.Штёкль-is mixedviT. gv. 292-293.

1

2
iqve, gv. 293.

346
 ekhartis moZRvrebaSi aRniSnul mizans unda emsaxure-
bodes TviT adamianis dayofa – Sinagan da garegan ada-
mianad. Tuki amas davumatebT RvTaebriobasa da RmerTs
Soris ekhartis mier aRniSnul gansxvavebas, maSin aseTi
suraTi warmogvidgeba: ekhartis Teologiur-filosofiur
sistemaSi mTeli sinamdvile asea warmodgenili: erTi mxriv,
arsebebi Tavis idealur saxeebSi aris mocemuli, xolo,
meore mxriv, umaRlesi arsebebi warmodgenilia moqmedeba-
Si. am ukanasknelSi mocemuli arsebebi ukve simravles aris
naziarebi, maradiuli da cvalebadia. umaRlesi arsebebi ki
Tavis idealur formaSi maradiulni, ucvlelni da mdgra-
dia. mTels sinamdvileSi gamefebulia swrafva nakleb-
srulyofilebidan umaRlesi srulyofilebisken. ekharti
SeniSnavs kidec, rom es swrafva sabolood adamianSi unda
ganxorcieldes.
axla rac Seexeba ekhartis moZRvrebas RvTaebrivi `ara-
ras~ Sesaxeb. sayovelTaodaa cnobili, rom jer kidev pla-
tonma ararss garkveuli mniSvneloba da arsebobis predi-
kati miawera. es Tvalsazrisi neoplatonur filosofiaSi
da aqedan areopagitul moZRvrebaSi gadavida. es arara
areopagitikaSi RvTaebrivi wyvdiadia. ekhartis moZRvreba
RvTaebriv `araraze~ neoplatonur-areopagituli Tvalsaz-
risis ganviTarebaa.
ekhartis gansjis sagani xdeba RmerTis mier Seqmna
`araradan~. ratom Seqmna RmerTma adamiani `araradan~?
ekharti am kiTxvas ase pasuxobs: `araras~ ara aqvs sawyisi
da radganac mas sxva ukeTesi ara hqonda, amitomac misgan
gagvaCina. am gziT RmerTma `arara~ moiyvana moZraobaSi1.
`araras~ ekhartis filosofiaSi ara mxolod warmoqm-
nis safuZvlis funqcia gaaCnia, aramed `arara~ RmerTTan
gaerTianebis pirobacaa. adamiani RmerTTan rom gaerTian-
des saWiroa suli CaiZiros RvTaebriv `araraSi~, radganac
sxvanairad igi sagnebisgan ver gaTavisufldeba2.

Майстер Экхарт. dasax. naSr., gv. 102.

1

iqve, gv. 103.

2

347
 Semdeg ekharti aRwers RvTaebriv `araraSi~ sulis Ca-
Zirvas. RmerTTan gaerTianebisTvis suli gadis gonebiTi
(e. i. racionaluri) Semecnebis farglebidan, romelic mas
sakuTari ZalebiT hqonda miRweuli da mamaRmerTis idumal
Zalebamde midis. aq mTavrdeba gonebis yvela gansxvavebu-
loba. suli igrZnobs `araras~ Wvretasa da imas, rom is mar-
todaa, wyvdiadSia da ganicdis erTianobas.
ekharti imowmebs fsevdo-dionises, romlis Tanaxmadac,
es erTianoba aris sicocxle cocxalTaTvis, arsi yvela
arsebulisTvis, goneba yvela gonierisTvis, buneba yvela
bunebrivisTvis da sinaTle yvela sinaTlisa. magram igi
amave dros arc sinaTlea, arc goneba, arc arsebuli da a.
S.1 maister ekhartis es msjeloban RvTaebriv `araras~ war-
mogvidgens iseT safexurad, sadac yovelgvari gansxvaveba
da gansazRvreba gauqmebulia. es `arara~ sabolood isev
RvTaebaa.
RvTaebrivi `arara~, ekhartis moZRvrebaSi, erTi mxriv,
adamianis warmoSobis safuZvelia, xolo, meore mxriv, ada-
mianis RmerTSi ukudabrunebis piroba. RmerTis mizanic xom
is aris, rom yvela Seqmnili masve ukudaubrundes da amas
axerxebs adamianSi Tavis Tavis dabadebiT, ris safuZvelze-
dac adamiani gaRmerTdeba. TviT RmerTma ki, amiT umaRles
srulyofilebasa da netarebas miaRwia2. aq aRniSnuli imis
maCvenebelia, rom ekhartis moZRvrebaSi sistema Seikra da
es moxerxda adamianSi, ufro sworad, Sinagani adamianis su-
lis naperwkalSi RmerTis dabadebiT. am dabadebiT adamia-
nis gaRmerTeba moxda da adamiani isev RvTaebriv wyviadSi
CaiZira, e. i. RmerTi adamianis saxiT Tavis Tavs daubrunda
– daubrunda ukve simravles naziarebi. amitomac, – ambobs
ekharti, – aq RmerTma umaRles srulyofilebasa da ne-
tarebas miaRwiao.

Майстер Экхарт. dasax. naSr., gv. 103.

1

А. Штёкль. dasax. naSr., gv. 299.

2

348
 dasasrul unda aRiniSnos, rom maister ekhartis mso-
flmxedveloba neoplatonizmisa da areopagituli moZ-
Rvrebis did gavlenas ganicdis. gavlena gansakuTrebiT
igrZnoba ekhartis saerTo TvalsazrisSi RvTaebriobis sa-
kuTari Tavidan gasvlaze, arsebebSi RmerTis yofnasa da
adamianis mier RmerTis mistikur WvretaSi. neoplatoniz-
mis msgavsad maister ekhartis msoflmxedvelobaSi did
rols asrulebs RmerTis imanenturobis Tvalsazrisi. aqve
isic unda aRiniSnos, rom ekhartis moZRvrebisTvis arc
RmerTis transcendentizmia ucxo. yvelaferi es gvxvdeba
neoplatonizmSi da am mxriv ekharti agrZelebs neoplaton-
uri filosofiis tradiciebs.
yovelive is, rac zemoT iTqva, imas rodi niSnavs, rom
maister ekhartis msoflmxedveloba neoplatonur-are-
opagituli moZRvrebebis ubralo ganmeorebaa. ekhartis
sistema winamaval msoflmxedvelobrivi sistemebis, upirve-
lesad ki neoplatonizmis ganviTarebaa, am sityvis pirda-
piri mniSvnelobiT.

$6. areopagitika da nikoloz kuzanelis filosofia

sagangebo yuradRebas imsaxurebs Sua saukuneebisa da

renesansuli filosofiis umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgen-
lis – nikoloz kuzanelis (1401-1464) msoflmxedvelobis
areopagitul moZRvrebasTan mimarTebis Seswavla. isic
unda aRiniSnos, rom igi winamaval moazrovneTagan yvelaze
gamorCeulad afasebs fsevdo-dionises.
saerTod, areopgitikisa da nikoloz kuzanelis mso-
flmxedvelobaTa mimarTebis kvleva mravalmxriv aqtua-
lurad gvesaxeba sakuTriv qarTuli kulturis intere-
sebisTvis. g. TevzaZis azriT, `qarveuli mkiTxvelisaTvis
nikoloz kuzanels orgvari mniSvneloba aqvs: 1. rogorc
filosofiis istoriis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani monakveTis
Semqmnels, brunos, boemesa da laibnicis winamorbeds da

349
2. rogorc neoplatonikosebis, kerZod, prokles (da dion-
ises) mowafes, romelsac saerTo maswavleblis gamoc, bevri
aqvs saerTo qarTvel filosofos ioane petriwTan~1.
ukve iTqva erTiani xazis Sesaxeb azrovnebis istoriaSi
neoplatonikos prokledan dawyebuloi da nikoloz kuzane-
lis panTeizmiT damTavrebuli, romlis mimdevarTa mso-
flmxedvelobac renesansis ideur safuZvladaa miCneuli.
am mimarTulebis ZiriTadi Tvalsazrisi (renesansis ideur
safuZvlad miCneuli) RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis
aRiarebaSi mdgomareobs, riTac xilul sinamdvileSi RvTae-
brivis aRmoCenis SesaZleblobaa daSvebuli. amiT ki xilul
sinamdvilesa da masSi mimdinare procesebs umaRlesi Ri-
rebuleba eZleva. nikoloz kuzanelis msoflmxedvelobac
amgvaria da swored amitomac miCneulia igi renesansulad:
`msolod nikoloz kuzanelma uCvena, Tu rogor SeiZleboda
umartivesi dialeqtikuri qmnadobisa da naxtomis meSveo-
biT xilulisa da usasrulos dakavSireba. es genialuradaa
mofiqrebuli nikoloz kuzanelis mier da ai, ratomaa is
renesansis namdvili moazrovne~2.

1. areopagitikasTan nikoloz kuzanelis filosofiis

mimarTebis ZiriTadi momentebi
nikoloz kuzaneli Tavis SromebSi xSirad mimarTavs
winamaval moazrovneebs – Taless, anaqsagoras, platons,
aristoteles, prokles, avgustines, fsevdo-dionises, da-
viT dinants, Toma akvinels. maT Soris xelSeuxebeli av-
toriteti mxolod dionise areopagelia da misTvis ar
iSurebs aseT epiTetebs: `didi dionise~, `brZeni dionise~
da sxv.
nikoloz kuzanelis msoflmxedvelobis RerZia moZ-
Rvreba RmerTze da yvela danarCeni Tvalsazrisi pirdapir

1
Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. II nawili,
gv. 284.
2
А. Лосев. Эстетика Возраждения. М.,1978, gv. 295.

350
Tu arapirdapir masTanaa dakavSirebuli. kuzaneli Rmer-
Tis gagebis sakiTxSi mihyveba neoplatonikosebs. misTvis
ZiriTadia areopagituli debuleba: RmerTi aris yovelive
yoveliveSi – `yovelTa Soris yoveli~.
1) RmerTis daxasiaTeba. nikoloz kuzaneli aRniSnavs,
rom `Cveni Zalebi gonebis yvela erTianobis cnebis dad-
genas unda emsaxurebodes, radganac Sesamecneblis yvela
simravle damokidebulia am erTianobis Semecnebisgan, ro-
melic nebismier codnaSi aris yvela is, rac Seimecneba~.1 am
TvalsazrisiT, gamokveTilia kuzanelis filosofiis amo-
cana – pirveli erTianobis wvdoma, romelic neoplatoni-
kosTa ZiriTad amocanas emTxveva. magram gasaTvaliswine-
belia is, rom kuzanelis Tanaxmad, pirveli erTianobis
(RmerTis) Sesaxeb saboloo WeSmariti codna SeuZlebelia
da mis Sesaxeb Cveni codna mxolod varaudia2. saerTod, es
azri Tavidan bolomde gasdevs RmerTze kuzanelis moZ-
Rvrebas.
kuzaneli erTianobaze msjelobisas ZiriTadad neopla-
tonur filosofias mihyveba, Tumca bevr punqtSi gansxvave-
buli Tvalsazrisic gaaCnia. kuzanelis azriT, arsebobs
oTxi saxis erTianoba: pirveli erTianoba aris RmerTi,
meore – goneba, mesame – suli da meoTxe – sxeuli, anu ma-
teria, xiluli sinamdvile3. kuzaneli saTiTaod da sagange-
bod ixilavs erTianobis aRniSnul saxeebs.
pirveli, anu RvTaebrivi erTianoba win uswrebs yovel-
gvar simravles. amiT ki igi, aseve win uswrebs yovelgvar
gansxvavebas, dapirispirebulobas, araTanabrobas, dayo-
fasa da sxva yvelafer imas, rac Tan axlavs simravles.
Tumca es absoluturi erTianoba `yovelivea yoveliveSi~,
mas araviTari saxe da saxeli ar gaaCnia. es absoluturi
erTianoba yovelgvari simravlis, saxis, gvaris, substan-

1
Николай Кузанский. Сочинения в двух томах. М., 1979, т. I, gv. 207-208.
2
iqve, gv. 187-188.
3
iqve, gv. 193.

351
ciis, aqcidenciis da saerTod, yvela Seqmnilis erTianobaa,
yovelgvari zomis, erTiani sazomia, tolobaa tolisa da
aratolis, erTiani sazomia, yvela SeerTebulisa da gayo-
filis kavSiria~1.
pirveli erTianoba, kuzanelis azriT, raki yvela arse-
bulis arsia, yvela raobis raobaa, amitomac igi eWvgare-
Sea, yovelgvari eWvi mis Semdeg iwyeba2. aqac areopagituli
Tvalsazrisi Cans. kerZod, areopagitikis Tanaxmad, RmerTi
`... yovelTa arsTa mizez ars, xolo T¢T arca erTi maTgani,
vina¡Tgan maT yovelTa zeSTaarsebisa amaRlebul ars~3.
erTianobis meore saxea goneba, romelic absoluturi
erTianobisgan momdinareobs. gonebis erTianoba ukve sir-
Tules Seicavs (sirTules da ara simravles, amaze miuTiTebs
kuzaneli), radganac igi Tavisi Tavisa da sxvisgan Sedgeba.
gonebis safexurze adgili aqvs dapirispirebas4. aq kuzane-
li atarebs saintereso Tvalsazriss: dapirispireba gone-
basTan erTad warmoiSoba. kuzanelis es Tvalsazrisi plo-
tines msoflmxedvelobasTanaa axlos. plotines mixedviT,
gonebis safexurze erTianoba irRveva, vinaidan sxvaa, rac
azrovnebs da sxvaa is, rac iazreba5. asevea kuzanelTanac.
goneba arsebulTagan arc erTi araa, magram misgan iwyeba
yvelaferi – is arsebebis dasawyisia.
erTianobis mesame saxes warmoadgens suli, romelSic
aisaxeba gonebis erTianoba, ramdenadac suli gonebis Sem-
degi safexuria da ise, rogorc pirveli erTianoba – Rmer-
Ti – iSleba gonebaSi, aseve goneba iSleba sulSi: RmerTi
gonebis sinaTlea, radganac is gonebis erTianobaa, aseve
goneba sulis sinaTlea, radganac is sulis erTianobaa6.

1
Николай Кузанский. dasax. naSr., gv. 194.
2
iqve, gv. 195.
3
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 10.
4
Николай Кузанский. Сочинения в двух томах. т. I, gv. 197.
5
plotine. V eneada, 1 wigni, $4.
6
Николай Кузанский. Сочинения в двух томах. М., 1980, т. II, gv. 200.

352
 erTianobis meoTxe saxea sxeuli, romelSic gaSlilia
suli. igi sayovelTao erTianobis ukanaskneli safexuria.
kuzanelis mixedviT, axla aRniSnul erTianobebs Ta-
visTavad ki ver vwvdebiT, aramed sxvisi meSveobiT. ase,
magaliTad, pirveli erTianoba gonebaSi Cans, gonebis er-
Tianoba – sulSi, xolo sulisa – sxeulSi, anu grZnobad
sinamdvileSi. amitomac `RmerTi gonebis formaa, goneba –
sulis, xolo suli sxeulis formaa~1.
SevajamoT kuzanelis mosazreba erTianobis oTxi saxis
Sesaxeb, romelSic Cans neoplatonur filosofiasTan ro-
gorc siaxlove, ise daSoreba. neoplatonur filosofiaSi
samyaro erTiani mTelia, romelic safexurebrivi sistemi-
Taa warmodgenili da es safexurebrivi sistema ierarqiuli
saxiTaa ganlagebuli.
nikoloz kuzaneli imeorebs neoplatonikosebis aRniS-
nul safexurebriv sistemas da maT msgavsad aRiarebs oTx
safexurs. yvela es safexuri raRacaSi hgavs erTmaneTs,
kerZod, yvela maTgani erTianobis princips eqvemdebareba.
es erTianoba ki unda iyos is RvTaebrivi Zala, romelic
msWvalavs mTel sinamdviles da romelic amarTlebs ku-
zanelTan gadmosul areopagitul Tvalsazriss – RmerTi
`yovelTa Soris yovelive ars~.
rogorc vnaxeT, kuzanelis mixedviT, sinamdvile erTia­
ni mTelia, ramdenadac RmerTiTaa gaerTianebuli da Rmer-
Ti yvelganaa. rac aqamde iTqva – RmerTi, rogorc mizezi
arsebulTa, yvelgan myofi, arsebaTa gamaerTianebeli,
mizezi da mizani, swored, RmerTis katafatikuri (dadebiTi
daxasiaTeba) gagebis maCvenebelia. aq aRniSnulis miuxeda-
vad, kuzanelisTvis mTavari RmerTis apofatikuri gagebaa.
kuzanelis mxridan, apofatikisadmi upiratesobis mi­
ni­
Weba mis sxvadasxva naSromSi mJRavndeba. misi azriT,
yvelafris Semqmneli RvTaeba uxilavia2. am uxilav RvTaebas

Николай Кузанский. dasax. naSr., gv. 200.

1

Николай Кузанский. Сочинения в двух томах. Т. I gv. 178.

2

353
arc erTi saxeli ar miewereba, amitomac ambobs kuzaneli: –
mas vacileb yvela saxels. aqac areopagitikasTan siaxlove
eWvgareSea1.
areopagitikasTan kuzanelis siaxlove ufro cxadad
Cans RmerTis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTebas: RmerTs
ar Seesabameba arc dadebiTi daxasiaTeba da arc uaryofiTi,
radgan is maRla dgas yovelgvar dadebiTsa da uaryofiT
dasabuTebaze2. aq ki n. kuzaneli pirdapir mihyveba fsevdo-
dionises, romlis Tanaxmadac, RmerTi yovelgvar dadebiT-
sa da uaryofiT dasabuTebaze maRla dgas3.
axla kuzanelis im Tvalsazrisis Sesaxeb, romelic
uaryofiT Teologias aniWebs upiratesobas. kuzanelis
azriT, veZebT ra Cveni arsis wyaros yovelgvari SesaZle-
beli saSualebiT, aRmovaCenT, rom uaryofiTi gamokvleva
(uaryofiT, negaciis saSualebiT RmerTis wvdomis cda)
ufro sworsa da saimedo gzaze gvayenebs, ramdenadac is,
rasac Cven veZebT, miuRweveli da usasruloa4.
rogorc ukve vnaxeT, kuzanelis moZRvreba RmerTis
Sesaxeb arsebiTad neoplatonuria. masTan gadmoRebulia
samyaros safexurebrivi wyobis neoplatonuri sqema, Tum-
ca gansxvavdeba safexurTa mimarTebis gagebaSi. kerZod,
ku­zane­lTan aRar gvxvdeba neoplatonuri ierarqia. samagi-
erod masTan mTeli sinamdvilis erTianobis principi bo-
lomdea gatarebuli da neoplatonuri debuleba – RmerTi
aris `yvela yvelaferSi~ – panTeistur Tvalsazrisadaa
gardaqmnili. RmerTis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTebis
sakiTxSi kuzaneli areopagitikas mihyveba, Tumca uryofiT
Teologias aniWebs upiratesobas. amasTan, Tuki adreul
Sua saukuneebSi apofatikisadmi upiratesobis miniWeba

1
areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 72; `saidumlod
RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 228.
2
Николай Кузанский. Сочинения в двух томах. Т. I, gv. 377.
3
areopagitika. `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~. gv. 224.
4
Николай Кузанский. Сочинения в двух томах. Т. I, gv. 175-176.

354
ufro religiur-mistikuri Tvalsazrisisken gadaxris mo-
maswavebeli iyo, kuzanelTan, piriqiT, ufro antikaToli-
kur Tvalsazriss gamoxatavda1.

2) RmerTis gaSla sinamdvileSi. Sua saukuneebis az-

rovnebis erT-erTi mTavari sakiTxi – RmerTis mier arse-
baTa warmoSoba – kuzanelTan asea gaazrebuli: RmerTis
sityva da Seqmna erTi da igivea, qmnis erTdroulad da
cal-calke2.
arsebulebi, kuzanelis Tanaxmad, RmerTidan warmoi­
Soba. sakuTriv RmerTi SesaZleblobisa da sinamdvilis
er­Tianobaa. ufro zustad SesaZlebloba da sinamdvile
RmerT­Si erTi da igivea. am mosazrebasTanaa dakavSirebuli
ku­za­
nelis sayuradRebo debuleba: RmerTSi SesaZlebloba
da sinamdvile igiveobrivia, swored amitomac RmerTi aris
is, rac aris da rac SeiZlebma iyos3. es mosazreba, romel-
sac kuzaneli sxva SromebSic imeorebs (`ganswavluli
arcod­na~, `RmerTis Ziebis Sesaxeb~, `nadiroba sibrZneze~),
Taviseburi saxiT ukve neoplatonizmSi iyo mocemuli. ker-
Zod, neoplatonuri Tvalsazrisi RmerTidan mTeli sinam-
dvilis aucilebeli gamomdinareobis Sesaxeb, kuzanelis
aRniSnuli Tvalsazrisis safuZvelia4. kuzanelis Tvalsaz-
risi – RmerTi aris is, rac aris da rac SeiZleba iyos, sam-
yaros gamTlianebisa da erTianad warmodgenis safuZvelia.
RmerTSi (pirvelmizezSi) arsebebi, – kuzanelis azriT,
– SekumSul-SemWidroebuli saxiTaa mocemuli. amasTan,
RmerTis safexurze sagnebi erTmaneTis igiveobrivia, rad-
ganac RmerTTan adgili ara aqvs araviTar simravles,
moZ­raobas, gansxvavebas... yvelaferi es RmerTis Semdgo-

1
З. Тажуризина. Философия Николая Кузанского. М.,1972, gv. 30.
2
Николай Кузанский. Сочинения в двух томах. Т. I, gv. 171-172.
3
iqve, gv. 140.
4
S. xidaSeli. rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis sakiTxebi. Tb.,
1981, gv. 50-53.

355
mi safexuridan iwyeba. aq kuzaneli Zalze mniSvnelovan
mosazrebas gamoTqvams: yvelaferi, rac Tavdapirvelad
RmerTSi arsebobs – aris RmerTi, ise rogorc RmerTi
gaSlili saxiT SeqmnilSi ukve aris samyaro1. kuzanelis
msoflmxedvelobis mimarTulebis dasadgenad es Tvalsaz-
risi umniSvnelovanesia. kerZod, kuzanelis axla aRniSnuli
Tvalsazrisi amomwurav pasuxs iZleva kiTxvaze: – RmerTi
transcendenturadaa gagebuli Tu imanenturad. kuzanelis
msoflmxedvelobis mixedviT, RmerTi imanenturia, RmerTi
da samyaro erTianobaSia, sxva SemTxvevaSi (ese igi RmerTi
transcendenturi rom yofiliyo) gaSlisas RmerTi samyaro
ver iqneboda.
zemoaRniSnuls adasturebs kuzanelis Semdegi Tval­
sazrisic: erTianis (RmerTis) gadasvla sxvad yofnaSi amave
dros niSnavs – sxvad yofnis ukudabrunebas erTianSi2.
amasTan, rac ufro erTiani da srulyofilia forma, misi
gadasvla sxvad yofnaSi, miT ufro metad aris sxvad yofnis
dabruneba erTianSi3. aq yuradReba unda mieqces gamoTqmas
– `rac ufro srulyofilia forma~; yvelaze srulyofili
forma ki RmerTia da maSasadame, RmerTis gadasvla sxvad
yofnaSi yvelaze srulyofil ukudabrunebas ganapirobebs.
RmerTis gadasvla ukve arsebulTa gaerTianebas niSnavs.
aqamde rac iTqva, mainc araa sakmarisi imis dasadgenad,
Tu rogor esmis kuzanels Seqmnis sakiTxi – kreacionis-
tulad Tu emanaciurad? am kiTxvaze mas orgvari pasuxi
gaaCnia. erT SemTxvevaSi igi laparakobs Seqmnis maradiu-
lobaze4, rac sabolood RmerTisa da samyaros erTiano-
bis Tvalsazrisis aRiarebamde midis. meore SemTxvevaSi
ki igi samyaros warmoqmnis kreacionistul Tvalsazriss

1
Николай Кузанский. Сочинения в двух томах. Т. II, gv. 141.
2
Николай Кузанский. Сочинения в двух томах. Т. I, gv. 211.
3
iqve.
4
iqve, gv. 101., II t. gv. 138.

356
uWers mxars1. es ki, kidev erTxel cxads xdis kuzanelis
msoflmxedvelobis araTanamimdevrulobas, rac ufro epo-
qis saazrovno viTarebis winaaRmdegobrivi xasiaTiTaa gan-
pirobebuli.
kuzanelis msoflmxedvelobis siaxlove areopagiti-
kasTan mJRavndeba agreTve, arsebaTa gansxvavebis mizezis
dadgenisas. Tuki RmerTi yvelafris mizezia, maSin ra uSli-
da mas xels, rom boroteba ar Seeqmna? am kiTxvaze pasuxi-
sas fsevdo-dionise borotebas arasubstanciurad miiCnevs2.
sagnebsa Tu arsebebSi arsebuli borotebis mizezad areop-
agitikis avtori sikeTis sxivis SesustebasTan erTad TviT
arsebaTa uunarobasac asaxelebs. RmerTis mier ganfenili
sikeTis ver miReba RmerTis brali ki ar aris, aramed TviT
sagnebis3. kuzanelTanac msgavsi Tvalsazrisia gatarebuli,
roca saubari exeba sagnebis gansxvavebas. misi azriT, Rmer-
Ti yvela arsebaSi erTnairad monawileobs da yvela arsebas
erTnairad aZlevs RvTaebriv Zalebs, magram arsebebi mas
Rebuloben Tavisi SesaZleblobebis mixedviT4. ramdenadac
kuzanelTan sagnebis damoukideblad arsebobaa aRiarebuli
(RvTaebriv Zalebs SesaZleblobebis mixedviT iReben), amde-
nad, masTan Seqmna ufro mowesrigebas udris da esec kuzane-
lis filosofiis panTeisturobis maCvenebelia.

2. RmerTze moZRvrebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi

dasasrul ganvixiloT sakiTxebi, romlebic aucileblo-
biTaa dakavSirebuli RmerTze kuzanelis moZRvrebasTan.
1) absoluturi minimumi da maqsimumi, dapirispire-
bulTa damTxveva. kuzanelis filosofiaSi RmerTi abso-
luturi maqsimumia, an maqsimumisgan arsebobs. absoluturi

1
Николай Кузанский. Сочинения в двух томах. Т. II, gv. 140-141.
2
areopagitika. `saaRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. IV Tavi, $$ 8-25 (gv. 43-
53).
3
iqve. gv. 33.
4
Николай Кузанский. Сочинения в двух томах. Т. I, gv. 102.

357
maqsimumi, rogorc absoluturi pirvelsawyisi, arsebulTa
mizezi da mizania. ras niSnavs absoluturi maqsimumi? ku-
zanelis azriT, es aris absoluturi erTeuli, romelsac
araferi ar upirispirdeba, da warmoadgens absolutur
maqsimalurobas, RmerTs1. absoluturi maqsimumi kuzane-
lis filosofiaSi warmoadgens agreTve imas, razec metis
mofiqrebac SeuZlebelia. asevea naTqvami absoluturi min-
imumis Sesaxebac. is, razec mcires mofiqreba SeuZlebelia,
aris absoluturi minimumi, `radganac maqsimumic aseTia, is
emTxveva minimums~2.
absoluturi minimumisa da absoluturi maqsimumis
damTxvevidan uSualod gamomdinareobs dapirispirebulTa
igiveobac. erTica da meorec RmerTis safexurze xdeba da
radganac, rogorc araerTgzis iTqva, RmerTi yovelgvar
dapirispirebaze, simravleze, gansxvavebaze maRla dgas,
amitomac masSi dapirispirebulebi erTmaneTs emTxveva. ku-
zanelis es Tvalsazrisi gaxda orTodoqsuli msoflmxed-
velobis Setevis obieqti, ramdenadac RmerTSi dapiris­
pirebulTa damTxveva sabolood RmerTisa da samyaros
gaigivebis aRiarebas niSnavda. meore mxriv ki, kuzanelis
es Tvalsazrisi renesansuli msoflmxedvelobis ideur
safuZvels Seadgenda.
2) ganswavluli arcodnis Sesaxeb. nikoloz kuzane-
lis Txzuleba – `ganswavluli arcodna~ umniSvnelovanesi
filosofiuri Sromaa. marTalia, am naSromSi ganxilulia
moZRvreba absolutur maqsimumsa da minimumze, dapirisp-
irebulTa damTxvevaze.... mTavari rezultati am naSromisa
aris arcodnis kuzaneliseuli gageba.
kuzaneli imowmebs aristoteles, romlis Tanaxmadac
ucxadesi sagnebis codna uZnelesi saqmea. kuzaneli midis
im daskvnamde, rom RmerTis codna SeuZlebelia da swored
imis codna, rom RmerTi Seumecnebadi niSnavs – ganswavlul

Николай Кузанский. Сочинения в двух томах. Т.I, gv. 54.

1

iqve.
2

358
arcodnas. kuzanelis es Tvalsazrisi saTaves neoplatonur
filosofiaSi iRebs, sadac RmerTis wvdoma sabolood
SeuZlebelia. RmerTis amgvari warmodgena neoplatonur
filosofiaSi mistikuri Wvretis safuZveli xdeba.
nikoloz kuzaneli imowmebs dionisesa da avgustines,
romelTa Tanaxmad yvelaze srulyofili mecniereba ar-
codnaa da RmerTis miRweva arcodniT ufro SeiZleba,
vidre codniT1. iqve gadmocemulia RmerTis wvdomis mis-
tikuri gza. kuzanelis mixedviT: absoluturi WeSmaritebis
miRweva SeuZlebelia da Tu es raRacnairad mainc SeiZleba
– SeiZleba mxolod miseulad, iseve rogorc Cven miuRwev-
lad, wamierad TvaliT vxedavT mzis sxivs.
3) ara-sxvas Sesaxeb. kuzaneliseul `ara-sxvas~ g. Tev-
zaZe xelovnurad Seqmnil terminad miiCnevs.2 Cveni azriT,
ara-sxvas problemasTan kuzanelis moZRvrebis arsebiTi
aspeqtia dakavSirebuli. TxzulebaSi `ara-sxvas~ Sesaxeb
kuzaneli bevrs cdilobs aCvenos, Tu ras niSnavs da ra
unda vigulisxmoT `ara-sxvaSi~. gagebis TvalsazrisiT es
Txzuleba erT-erT urTulesia. magram samagierod masSi
gatarebuli Tvalsazrisi kuzanelis filosofiis gasaRe-
bia. raSi mdgomareobs am Txzulebis rezultati? kuzane-
li mraval logikur wiaRsvlas mimarTavs, raTa `ara-sxvas~
buneba daadginos da sabolood im daskvnamde midis, rom ara-
sxva aris RmerTi, sikeTe....mokled, `ara-sxvas~ im niSnebiT
axasiaTebs, rogoriTac RmerTs3. sabolood Cven `ara-sxva~
kuzanelis filosofiaSi ase gvesmis: rogorc ukve aRvniS-
neT, kuzanelis mixedviT, arsebebi RmerTTan erTianobaSi
RmerTs warmoadgens, xolo RmerTi arsebebSi ukve araa
RmerTi. `ara-sxva~ igive RmerTia, safuZveli arsebebis,
magram am arsebebisTvis sxvas ar warmoadgens, magram arc
arsebebis msgavsia, ramdenadac RmerTis safexurze ar arse-

1
Николай Кузанский. Сочинения в двух томах. Т. II, gv. 15-16.
2
iqve, gv. 15.
3
iqve, gv. 234, 237 da sxva.

359
bobs araviTari msgavseba, araviTari gansxvaveba, araviTari
simravle da a. S. kuzanelis mizania `ara-sxvaTi~...samyaros
saganTa simravlesTan damokidebulebaSi RmerTis rogorc
dapirispirebulTa erTianobis axal aspeqtze migviTiTos~1.
zemoaRniSnulze damyarebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kuzane-
lis moZRvreba `ara-sxvaze~, RmerTisa da samyaros saganTa
simravlis genetikuri erTianobis aRmniSvnelia.
rogorc vnaxeT, nikoloz kuzaneli aRorZinebis epo-
qaSi agrZelebs neoplatonuri filosofiis tradiciebs.
neoplatonizmSi mocemuli RmerTisa da samyaros idea ku-
zanelTan dasrulebuli panTeizmis saxes iRebs. neoplato­
nizmSi mocemuli panTeizmSi gadazrdis tendencia (a. lo­­­­se­
vi) yvelaze ukeT nikoloz kuzanelisa da jordano bru­nos
moZRvrebebSi ganxorcielda. kuzanelis msoflmxedvelobis
renesansuli xasiaTic arsebiTad ganpirobebuli iyo, erTi
mxriv, neoplatonuri filosofiuri tradiciebis gagr-
Zeleba-ganviTarebiT, xolo, meore mxriv, mecnierebis axali
monapovrebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
kuzanelis msoflmxedvelobis am saxiT warmodgena
SesaZlebelia mxolod misi filosofiuri poziciidan ganx-
ilvis safuZvelze. magram kuzanelis msoflmxedveloba
amiT ar amoiwureba.

Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. II nawili,

1

gv. 293.

360
 VI Tavi

areopagitika da qarTuli kultura

areopagitul moZRvrebas didi gavlena hqonda qarTul

kulturaze.
efrem mcires mier XI s-is meore naxevarSi areopa­
gituli Txzulebebis qarTulad Targmna SemTxveviT ar
momxdara. am movlenas win uswrebda didi mTargmnelobiTi
saqmianoba saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT arsebul qarTul
kulturul centrebSi (aTonis iverTa monasteri, antioqiis
Savi mTa, palestina da sxva). qarTveli moRvaweebi imdroin-
deli kulturis saukeTeso nimuSebs Targmnidnen. swored
am centrebSi iTargmna biblia, ioane oqropirisa da kapa-
dokiel mamaTa Txzulebebi da mravali sxva.
filosofiisa da RvTismetyvelebis kuTxiT qarT­
vel swavlulTa mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis dagvirgvi­
neba iyo efrem mciresa da ioane petriwis mier Sesaba­ mi­
sad areopagituli Txzulebebisa da prokles `kavSirni
RvTismetyuelebiTni~-s Targmna berZnulidan qarTul enaze.
areopagituli Txzulebebis Targmna TavisTavad didi
movlena iyo qarTuli kulturis istoriaSi. es faqti me-
tyvelebs imaze, rom im drois qarTuli kultura mzad
iyo mieRo da gaeTavisebina V-VI saukuneTa mijnaze Seqm-
nili ucnobi avtoris iseTi umniSvnelovanesi religiur-
filosofiuri moZRvreba, rogoric iyo areopagitika.
marTebulad SeniSnavs S. xidaSeli, rom `areopagitikis qar-
Tulad gadaTargmnis TviT faqti, imis miuxedavad, Tu vin
iyo misi avtori, mniSvnelovania Tavisi gavleniT qarTuli

361
Sua saukuneebis ideologiaze~1. aq unda davazusto, rom
areopa­gitikis gavlena ara mxolod `qarTuli Sua sauku-
neebis ideologias~ moicavs, aramed mTlianad qarTul
kulturas.
aRsaniSnavia, rom areopagituli Txzulebebis qarTu-
lad gadaTargmnis Semdeg, saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi, es
moZRvreba erTgvarad CrdilSi moeqca, mis Sesaxeb TiTqmis
araferi iyo Tqmuli da Tu iyo, isic qarTuli Targmanis
xelnawerebze minaweris saxiT arsebuli mwiri informacia.
amis mizezi ki unda yofiliyo areopagituli moZRvrebis
msoflmxedveloba, kerZod, misi CaTvala monofiziturad,
rac sakamaTo Temaa. Tumca, swored am niSniT unda yofil-
iyo es moZRvreba saqarTveloSi ramdenime saukunis gan-
mavlobaSi ugulebelyofili. XX saukunis 20-iani wlebis
dasawyisSi ki Cndeba pirveli naSromi, romelSic mokled, ma-
gram im droisTvis sakmaod amomwuravi informaciaa areop-
agitul Txzulebebze. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs sergi gorgaZis
(1876-1929) naSromi – `neoplatonuri filosofiis erTi
uZvelesi kvalTagani qarTul mwerlobaSi (fsevdo-dionise
areopagelis qarTuli Targmani)~2, romelic avtors ufro
adre – 1919 wlis 24 oqtombers moxsenebis saxiT waukiTxavs
saqarTvelos saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoebaSi.
s. gorgaZe am naSromSi mogviTxrobs areopagituli
Txzu­lebebisa da mis avtorobasTan dakavSirebul istorias,
areopagituli Txzulebebis kompoziciasa da masSi mocemu-
li msoflmxedvelobis xasiaTs. gorgaZe aRniSnavs, rom are-
opagituli Txzulebebis ucnobi avtori neoplatonikosia
da es kargad icodnen Zvel saqarTveloSi. kerZod, areopa­
gituli Txzulebebis erT-erT XIII-XIV saukuneebis xelnaw-
eris minawerSi aRniSnulia, rom `ese dionvosi platonuri

1
Ш. Хидашели. Основные мировоззренические направления в феодальной
Грузии. Тб., 1962, gv. 259.
2
`Cveni mecniereba~. samecniero krebuli. tfilisi, 1923, #1, gv.
65-74.

362
filosofosi iyo~ da am faqts gorgaZe mravlismetyvel
komentars ukeTebs: `amgvarad, filosofiurad moazrovne
qarTvelobas ukve sakmaod adre Segnebuli hqonia, rom di-
onisios areopagelis saxeliT cnobil nawarmoebTa avtori
ubralo RvTismetyveli ki ar aris, aramed filosofosia da
kerZod, gansazRvruli filosofiuri skolis (`platonuri~
filosofiis, anu neoplatonizmis) mimdevaria~1.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom s. gorgaZe, im droisTvis sworad
Caswvda areopagituli moZRvrebis adgils qarTuli kul-
turis istoriaSi da faqtobrivad biZgi misca mis Semdgom
safuZvlian kvlevas, romelsac TiTqmis ori aTeuli wlis
Semdeg saTave daudo S. nucubiZem.
S. nucubiZemde areopagituli traqtati `saRmrToTa
saxelTaT¢s~ `vefxistyaosnis~ savaraudo ideur wyarod mi-
iCnia z. avaliSvilma2.
S. nucubiZem ki pirvelad amgvari miniSneba gaakeTa 1941
wels moskovSi rusul enaze gamocemuli `vefxistyaosnis~
miseuli Targmanis winasityvaobaSi3.
qarTul kulturaze areopagitikis gavlenis spe-
cialuri kvlevebis dawyebamde S. nucubiZem 1942 wels
gamoaqveyna naSromi – `Тайна Псевдо-Дионисия Ареопагита~,
romelic eZRvneba fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da pe-
tre iberis identobas. amis Semdeg nucubiZem araerT naS-
romSi specialurad gamoikvlia areopagitikis gavlena
qarTul kulturaze. am naSromebidan unda gamovyoT ori:
`rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi~ (1947, rusulad) da
`rusTavelis Semoqmedeba~ (1958, rusulad), romlebSic ar-

1
`Cveni mecniereba~. samecniero krebuli. tfilisi, 1923, #1, gv.
74.
2
qarTuli fulosofiuri azris istoria oTx tomad. Tb.,1996, I
t. gv. 287.
3
Шота Руставели. Витязь в тигровой шкуре. Пер. Ш. Нуцубидзе. М., 1941,
gv. 11, 16.

363
sebiTad gamokvleulia qarTul kulturaze areopagitikis
mravalmxrivi gavlena.1
S. nucubiZis naSromi – `rusTaveli da aRmosavluri re-
nesansi~ iyo misi im Canafiqris gagrZeleba, gaRrmaveba da
srulyofa, romelic mocemuli iyo mis mcire moculobis,
magram Rrma Sinaarsis Semcvel SromaSi – `aRmosavluri re-
nesansi da evropocentrizmis kritika~ (1941)2.
swored am naSromSi (`rusTaveli da aRmosavluri re-
nesansi~) S. nucubiZem sabolood Camoayaliba aRmosavluri
renesansis Teoria, romelSic centraluri adgili ukavia
qarTuli renesansis koncefcias. swored am naSromSi nu-
cubiZe safuZvlianad Seexo areopagitikis gavlenas qar-
Tul kulturaze.
S. nucubiZis azriT, areopagituli ideebi gadaamuSava
ioane petriwma da am gziT mkvidrdeba igi qarTul renesan-
sul azrovnebaSi. petriwma, nucubiZis azriT, fsevdo-dion-
ises msgavsad icis, rom adamiani ufro metia, vidre oTxi
elementiT (wyali, haeri, cecxli, miwa) Sezavebuli ram. `es
aris srulyofisa da absoluturi sikeTis sawyisebTan moax-
loebis gza~3 – daaskvnis nucubiZe.
neoplatonizmSi, areopagitul moZRvrebasa da XI–XII
saukuneebis qarTul filosofiur azrovnebaSi erT-erTi
mTavari sakiTxi sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebaa. rogorc
erT, ise meore da mesame SemTxvevaSi boroteba uarseboa,
is arasubstanciuria. es idea areopagitikidan gadmodis
rusTavelTan da S. nucubiZes areopagitul moZRvrebasTan
am sakiTxSi qarTuli renesansis poeziis kavSiris Tval-
naTliv magaliTad miaCnia `vefxistyaosnis~ Semdegi cno-
bili strofi:

1
S. nucubiZis es ori naSromi qarTulad ix. misi Sromebis,
Sesabamisad IV (1976) da VII (1980) tomebSi.
2
S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi.
1976, IV t. gv. 502-511.
3
iqve, gv. 178.

364
 `am saqmesa dafarulsa brZeni divnos gaacxadebs:
RmerTi kargsa moavlinebs da borotsa ar dabadebs,
avsa wam-erT Seamoklebs, kargsa xan-grZlad gaakvladebs,
Tavsa missa ukeTessa uzado-hyofs, ar azadebs~.
S. nucubiZis aRniSvniT, `am oTx taepSi rusTaveli gva-
Zlevs yvelafers, rac ki qarTulma renesansma aiTvisa are-
opagituli ideebis Sesaxeb petriwis nawerebidan~1.
amasTan, avtori yuradRebas amaxvilebs im garemoebaze,
rom petriwTan areopagitikis avtori moxseniebulia dioni-
ses saxeliT, CaxruxaZesTan – dionosoTi, xolo rusTavel-
Tan am saxelis qarTuli formiT – divnosiT. rac mTavaria,
nucubiZis azriT, arc petriwi da arc CixruxaZe am saxels
ar ukavSireben areopagituli sistemis Sexedulebebs da am
Sexedulebebs sxva pirovnebas miaweren. rusTaveli ki, pi-
riqiT – swored im `divnosze~ laparakobs, romelmac prok-
lesTan dakavSirebuli ideebi gamoTqva, rac avtoris SeniS-
vniT: `mTlianad Seesabameba petriws da misi filosofiuri
saqmis poeturi formiT asaxvaa rusTavelis mier~2.
aq cxadad ar Cans, Tu risi Tqma unda S. nucubiZes,
Tumca misi mTavari azri gasagebia: sikeTisa da borotebis
mimarTebis Tvalsazrisi neoplatonizmidan gadadis qris-
tianul neoplatonizmSi – areopagitikaSi, sadac neopla-
tonizmi `gadargulia~ qristianul niadagze da saukuneebis
Semdeg am sakiTxze areopagitul Tvalsazriss petriwiseu-
li redaqciiT `poeturi formiT~ gadmoscems rusTaveli.
S. nucubiZem specialur monografiaSi – `rusTavelis
Semoqmedeba~ ufro daakonkreta areopagituli moZRvrebis
gavlena rusTavelis `vefxistyaosanze~. es sakiTxi avtors
ganxiluli aqvs gamokvlevis me-3 TavSi – `rusTavelis Se-
moqmedebis filosofiuri Zirebi~, sadac ukve konkretu-
lad aris msjeloba areopagituli ideebis asaxvaze `vef-
xistyaosanSi~.

S. nucubiZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 179.

1

iqve.
2

365
 upirvelesad aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom axal gamokvle-
vaSi, romelic specialurad rusTavelis Semoqmedebas eZR-
vneba, sxva arsebiT sakiTxebTan erTad nucubiZem gamokve-
Ta rusTavelis poeziis saTaveebi, kerZod, rusTavelis
poeziis xalxuri da literaturuli Zirebi da rusTavelis
Semoqmedebis filosofiuri Zirebi. swored bolo TavSia
CvenTvis saintereso areopagitikis gavlenebze msjeloba.
S. nucubiZe sakiTxis ganxilvas iwyebs imiT, rom `vefxis-
tyaosans~ ganixilavs, rogorc filosofiur poemas da iqve
ganmartavs amgvari mxatvruli nawarmoebis arss: `msoflio
literaturis istoriaSi aris egreT wodebuli filoso-
fiuri poemebi. maTi ganmasxvavebeli niSani isaa, rom isi-
ni agebulia garkveul msoflgagebaze, romelic garkveul
epoqaSi SemuSavebula, filosofiis sistemaSi gamosaxula,
filosofiis cnobil ZeglebSi aRbeWdila~1.
ramdenadac rusTaveli ar aris filosofosi, xolo misi
poema mxatvruli nawarmoebia, amdenad, rusTavelTan filo-
sofia sistemis saxiT ar aris mocemuli. amitomac rusTa-
velis Semoqmedebis Zirebi poemaSi Cawnul filosofiur
elementebSi unda veZioT, aRniSnavs nucubiZe. amasTan, `ve-
fxistyaosnis~ ideuri safuZvelia sikeTisa da borotebis
brZola, mizani ki, imis Cveneba, Tu rogor amarcxebs sike-
Te borotebas. magram es brZola Sinagani simtkicis `WirTa
Tmenis~ safuZvelze gveZleva, `ubedureba gzaa bednierebi-
saken, boroti keTilis dadginebis saSualebaa~2.
S. nucubiZe maRal Sefasebas aZlevs niko maris (1864-
1934) moRvaweobas petriwisa da rusTavelis Semoqmedebis
Seswavlis saqmeSi. magram, misi azriT, marim ver SeniSna,
rom gansaxilveli epoqis qarTul sinamdvileSi mxolod
antikuri neoplatonizmi ar yofila qarTuli azrovnebis

1
S. nucubiZe. rusTavelis Semoqmedeba. Sromebi. Tb., 1980, VII t.
gv. 98.
2
iqve, gv. 99.

366
ideuri safuZveli. maris mxedvelobidan gamorCa areopagi-
tuli moZRvreba da gverdi auara TviT rusTavelis miTi-
Tebas `brZen divnosze~, romelic sikeTis absoluturobasa
da borotebis arasubstanciurobis Tvalsazriss iziare-
bda1. es bunebrivic iyo, SeniSnavs nucubiZe, radganac XX
s-is dasawyisisTvis jer kidev ar iyo cnobili, Tu vin ima-
leboda areopagituli Txzulebebis ucnobi avtoris saxe-
lis qveS, rusTavelis `brZen divnosSi~.
aqve, S. nucubiZe aRniSnavs, rom rusTavels ar SeiZleba
ar scodnoda saqmis namdvili viTareba, ese igi, areopagi-
tikis namdvili avtori, rom petre iberi iyo da iq, sadac
petre iberi unda daesaxelebina, daasaxela `brZeni divno-
si~ (dionise areopageli).
S. nucubiZe axal gamokvlevaSi kvlav ubrundeba `ve-
fxistyaosnis~ im cnobil strofs, romelic sikeTis ab-
soluturobasa da borotebis arasubstanciurobas exeba
da, sadac rusTaveli pirdapir miuTiTebs am TvalsaCino
avtorze `brZen divnosze~ (`am saqmesa dafarulsa brZeni
divnos gaacxadebs: RmerTi kargsa moavlinebs da borotsa
ar dabadebs, ...~).
am strofis nucubiseuli analizs zemoT ukve SevexeT,
roca vixilavdiT mis naSroms – `rusTaveli da aRmosavlu-
ri renesansi~. nucubiZe axal gamokvlevaSi ufro dawvri-
lebiT ganixilavs am sakiTxs da or debulebas gamoyofs
strofSi, romlebic RmerTis mier keTilis movlinebasa da
misi borotebis warmouSoblobas eZRvneba2.
S. nucubiZe, `vefxistyaosnis~ am saocrad Sinaarsian da
tevadi strofis dasawyisSi mocemuli `dafaruli saqmis~
(`am saqmesa dafarulsa~) saTavesac areopagitul moZRvre-
baSi xedavs. nucubiZis aRniSvniT, rusTavelma yvelaferi es

S. nucubiZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 109.

1

iqve, gv. 121-123.

2

367
icoda, magram gasagebi mizezis gamo, ver gabeda gaemJRav-
nebina dionise-petre iberis saxeli1.
S. nucubiZes miaCnia, rom rusTavelma Tavisi Rrma
ganswavlulobis wyalobiT amoxsna divnos-petres `dafaru-
li~ da RmerTTan mimarTebaSi gamoiyena. kerZod, es kargad
Cans avTandilis locvaSi tarielTan meored gamgzavrebis
win:
`ilocavs, ityvis: maRalo RmerTo xmelTa da caTao,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ucnauro da uTqmelo, ufalo uflebaTao~2.
aq, rusTavelis Semoqmedebis siaxlove da kavSiri are-
opagitul moZRvrebasTan eWvgareSea, rac kargad aqvs Se-
niSnuli nucubiZes.
S. nucubiZe areopagitul gavlenas rusTavelis `vef-
xistyaosanSi~ xedavs agreTve RmerTze moZRvrebis sakiTx-
Si. avtori Tavis mosazrebas areopagituli moZRvrebidan
da `vefxistyaosnidan~ Sesatyvisi adgilebis damowmebiT,
SedarebiTa da analiziT asabuTebs.
S. nucubiZe yuradRebas amaxvilebs im garemoebazec,
rom areopagitikis gavlena aris dantes SemoqmedebaSic, Tu-
mca arapirdapir, kerZod: dante Tavis ideur maswavlebels
(fsevdo-dionises, – m. m.) mxolod zigier brabantelis sa-
xiT icnobda da misgan aiTvisa misTvis saWiro Tvalsazrisi.
swored amis gamo dantem `imqveynad~ gadaitana `RvTaebri-
vi komediis~ moqmedeba3. amitomac arian, nucubiZis azriT,
dantes gmirebi usicocxloni da mkrTalni.
am moments did mniSvnelobas aniWebs nucubiZe, radga-
nac igi miuTiTebs `vefxistyaosnisa~ da `RvTaebrivi kome-
diis~ rogorc ideur naTesaobaze, ise gansxvavebaze. am or
qmnilebas Soris ideuri naTesaobis mizezia areopagituli
msoflmxedvelobis gamoyeneba, xolo gansxvaveba gamowveu-

1
S. nucubiZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 125.
2
iqve, gv. 126.
3
iqve, gv. 151.

368
lia imiT, rom rusTaveli areopagitikas uSualod icnobs,
xolo dante zigier brabantelis meSveobiT1.
S. nucubiZis saboloo daskvnis Tanaxmad, areopagiti-
kasTan rusTavelisa da dantes aq aRniSnul damokidebu-
lebas SeuZlia pasuxi gasces imaT, visac ar sjera petre
iberis moZRvrebasTan winarenesansuli da renesansuli po-
eziis kavSiri. nucubiZis azriT, im epoqisTvis es kavSiri
araTu SesaZlebeli, aramed aucilebelic iyo. `rusTavel-
ma panTeisturi materializmis ideebi gamoiyena sruliad
realisturi poemis Sesaqmnelad, romelSic iseTi siZlie-
riTaa gamosaxuli adamianebi da maTi vnebebi, rom amiT,
rogorc h. huperti miuTiTebda, rusTavelma did Seqspirs
daaswro~2 (xazgasma Cemia, – m. m.).
S. nucubiZe areopagitikasTan rusTavelis Semoqmede-
bis mimarTebaze msjelobisas xSirad iyenebs `panTeisturi
materializmis~ cnebas, romelic, misi azriT, areopagiti-
kidan momdinareobs. rogorc axla vnaxeT, nucubiZis mi-
xedviT, es cneba marjved gamoiyena rusTavelma `sruliad
realisturi poemis Sesaqmnelad~.
S. nucubiZis am msjelobebSi gamoyenebuli `panTeistu-
ri materializmis~ cneba xelovnuris STabeWdilebas to-
vebs da mas araferi aqvs saerTo areopagitul moZRvre-
basTan da miT umetes, rusTavelis SemoqmedebasTan. maSin
raSia saqme? vfiqrob, nucubiZe imdroindeli ideologiuri
wnexis gamo erTgvar kompromisze midis, iyenebs xelovnur
termins, romelic oficialuri ideologiisTvis misaRebi
iqneboda. samagierod, igi erTgvarad `aparebs~ Tavis mTa-
var Canafiqrs da sabWour saazrovno sivrceSi aaqtiure-
bs iseT religiur-filosofiur moZRvrebas, rogoric iyo
areopagitika. nucubiZis es svla rom ara, neoplatonizmis,
qristianuli neoplatonizmis (areopagitikis saxiT) da sxva

1
S. nucubiZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 151.
2
iqve, gv. 152.

369
mraval msgavs sistemebsa Tu moZRvrebebs kidev didxans –
aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi mouwevdaT `CrdilSi yofna~.
bolos unda iTqvas, rom S. nucubiZe sxva bevr mecnie-
rul siaxlesTan erTad, qarTul kulturaze areopagitikis
gavlenis safuZvliani kvlevis damwyebia CvenSi.
qarTul kulturaze areopagituli moZRvrebis gavle-
nis kvleva axal safexurze aiyvana S. xidaSelma. kerZod, man
`vefxistyaosnis~ Sesabamisi strofebisa Tu striqonebis
analiziT aCvena maTi aucilebeli ideuri kavSiri areopagi-
tikasTan. am sakiTxebs xidaSelma araerTi naSromi miuZRvna
da saboloo saxe misca monografiaSi – `qarTuli filoso-
fiis istoria~ (1988). am naSromis is monakveTi, romelic
rusTavels eZRvneba da maT Soris, areopagitikasTan `ve-
fxistyaosnis~ mimarTebis sakiTxebi, srulad Sesulia qar-
Tuli filosofiuri azris istoriis oTxtomeulis I tomSi
(Tb., 1996), romlis erT-erTi avtoric xidaSelia. es saki-
Txebi ganxilulia agreTve, mis monografiaSi – `neoplato-
nizmis Teoria rusTvelologiaSi~ (Tb., 1990 gv. 84-101).
S. xidaSeli saTanadod afasebs S. nucubiZis damsaxu-
rebas areopagitikis, rogorc rusTavelis filosofiuri
msoflmxedevlobis wyaros dadgenis kvlevaSi da aRniSnavs,
rom nucubiZis gaweuli kvleva-ZiebiT, `arsebiTad rusTave-
lis wyaros Zieba am mimarTulebiT rCeboda neoplatoniz-
mis Teoriis farglebSi, radgan TviT areopagitikis filo-
sofiuri wyaros igive neoplatonizmi warmoadgenda~1.
S. xidaSelis SeniSvniT, amiT S. nucubiZem faqtobri-
vad kvlevis didi perspeqtivebi dasaxa, kerZod: cnobili
faqtia, rom neoplatonizmi Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaze,
maT Soris, renesansis msoflmxedvelobaze gavlenas axden-
da areopagitikis meSveobiT. am ideebisa da moZraobebis
kvle­va da masTan rusTavelis epoqis qarTul kulturasTan

S. xidaSeli. qarTuli filosofiis istoria. Tb., 1988, gv. 239.

1

370
da filosofiur viTarebasTan analogiebis Zieba nucubiZis
udavo damsaxurebaa1.
S. xidaSeli imasac iTvaliswinebs, rom, roca saubaria
`vefxistyaosanze~, rogorc filosofiur poemaze, arse­
bobs erTi mTavari saSiSroeba, rom rusTavelze vilapa-
rakoT rogorc filosofosze. maSin, roca rusTavelisa
da misi Semoqmedebis arsi da mTavari xibli mis mxatvrul
SemoqmedebaSia. amitomac avtori xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom
rusTavelis mizans sulac ar Seadgens filosofiuri Teo-
riis poeturi gansaxiereba da mis SemoqmedebaSi filoso-
fiuri Teoria win ar uswrebs mxatvrul asaxvas. xidaSelis
Tumca kategoriuli, magram marTebuli azriT, rusTavelis
`...mTavar mizans sinamdvilis asaxva, mxatvruli ganzogade-
ba Seadgens da Tavis msoflmxedvelobas gamoxatavs, pir-
vel yovlisa, mxatvruli azrovnebis saSualebiT. Semoqme-
debis am sferoSi rusTavelis adgili da misi genialobisa
da originalobis farglebic umTavresad mxatvruli azro-
vnebiT aris gansazRvruli~2.
S. xidaSelis aRniSvniT, `vefxistyaosanSi~ filosofiu-
ri ideebisa da maTi warmomavlobis Zieba ar niSnavs poe-
mis filosofiuri TeoriiT `galeqsvas~. Tavis SeniSvnebs
rusTavelis poemis filosofiuri ideebis Sesaxeb avtori
ase amTavrebs: `is utyuari faqti, rom rusTaveli pirvel­
yovlisa poetia, xolo misi damokidebuleba samyarosadmi
pirvel yovlisa – esTetikuri – arsebiTad cvlis saqmis
viTarebas da arkvevs filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis ad-
gils rusTavelis SemoqmedebaSi~3.
S. xidaSeli ixilavs `vefxistyaosnis~ strofebidan
iseT adgilebs, romelTa kavSiri areopagitul moZRvrebas-
Tan eWvgareSea.

1
S. xidaSeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 239.
2
iqve, gv. 247.
3
iqve.

371
 `ara viqm, codna ras margebs filosofosTa brZnobisa,
miT viswavlebdiT, mogveces SerTva z e s T m w y o b r T a
wyobisa~.
`ar cocxal viyo, ras maqnev, ra davrCe, xelsa mxdi ra-
sas damSlian Cemni kavSirni, SevrTvivar sulTa s i r a s a ~.
S. xidaSelis azriT, am striqonebSi kargad Cans rusTa-
velis Sexeduleba arsis, rogorc `mwyobrTa wyobis siras~
neoplatonur-areopagituli warmomavloba. swored neo-
platonizmsa da gansakuTrebiT areopagitikaSi boroteba
ganisazRvreba mxolod sikeTesTan dapirispirebaSi da pre-
dikatebiT: umizezoba, umiznoba, uarsoba, ukeTuroba da
a. S. yoveli am gansazRvrebis sapirispirod ki, moiazreba
mxolod dadebiTi forma – sikeTe1.
S. xidaSeli sxvadasxva avtorTan kamaTSi msjelobis
sagnad ixdis borotebis arsebobis sakiTxs areopagitika-
sa da `vefxistyaosanSi~. misi SeniSvniT, boroteba realur
sinamdvileSi arsebobs, magram arsebobs rogorc sikeTis
kleba, SemTxveviToba da ara rogorc substancia. es asea
areopagitikaSi da rusTavelTan2.
S. xidaSelis naSromis is adgilebi, sadac ganxilulia
vefxistyaosniseuli `mziani Rame~ da `uJamo Jami~, gansaku-
Trebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs. igi sxvadasxva avtorTa
(m. gogiberiZe, g. imedaSvili, a. sarajiSvili, k. kekeliZe,
v. nozaZe, g. nadiraZe, g. wereTeli, m. gigineiSvili) Tval-
sazrisebis kritikuli ganxilvis Semdeg ayalibebs sakuTar
pozicias aRniSnuli cnebebis Sesaxeb.
manamde ki S. xidaSeli aRniSnavs, rom `mziani Ramis~
Sesaxeb swori Sexeduleba hqonda Teimuraz bagrations
(1782-1846), romelic ganmartebis dros amodis im filoso-
fiuri moZRvrebidan, romlis mixedviTac RmerTs, rogorc
adamianze zeaRmatebulsa da miuwvdomels, `goneba kacisa...

S. xidaSeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 266.

1

iqve, gv. 270.

2

372
ver miswvdeba bunebiTa da arsebiTa~1. Teimuraz bagrationi
mokle da zogadi komentariT ifargleba da arc im filo-
sofiur moZRvrebas asaxelebs da arc mis avtors, – aRniS-
navs xidaSeli.
S. xidaSelis azriT, am mimarTebiT kvleva-Zieba, samwu-
xarod, ascda Teimuraz bagrationis sworad miniSnebul
gzas da Sedegad miviReT is, rom `mziani Rame~ – es erTerTi
SesaniSnavi poeturi metafora – mecnierTa erTi nawilis
mier miCneul iqna `srul uazrobad~, `advilad SesamCnev
ucnaurobad~, `yalbismqnelis naxelavad~, `nonsensad~, `ab-
solutur uazrobad~ da a. S.
S. xidaSeli kritikulad ixilavs `mziani Ramisa~ da
`uJamo Jamis~ cnebebis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva avtorTa Tval-
sazrisebs da sabolood midis im daskvnamde, rom `...rus-
Tvelologia saukuneze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi imyofebo-
da `mziani Ramis~ garkvevis TvalsazrisiT araswori Ziebis
gzaze~2. amis mTavari mizezi ki iyo am sakiTxSi Teimuraz
bagrationis mier moniSnuli swori gzidan dacileba. arada,
es iyo erTaderTi swori gza, romelic ara mxolod `mziani
Ramis~ axsnis safuZvels iZleva.
S. xidaSeli aRniSnuli cnebebis arsis gasarkvevad miu-
Reblad da arasworad miiCnevs iseT azrs, romelic gvxdeba
sxvadasxva mkvlevarTan, kerZod: RmerTi rogorc yvelafris
safuZveli da Semqmneli mzea (naTeli – areopagitikaSi),
xolo, rogorc Seumecnebeli, miuRweveli da miuwvdomeli
– Ramea (bneli – areopagitikaSi). Tumca aq aris mcire Seu-
sabamoba xidaSelis mosazrebebSi. igi yovelgvari SeniSvnis
gareSe iwonebs `mziani Ramis~ Sinaarsis amgvarad gagebul
Teimuraz bagrationis msgavs Tvalsazriss3.
S. xidaSeli rusTavelis `mziani Ramis~ arsis Sesaxeb,
rac vrceldeba `uJamo Jamis~ cnebazec, ise lakoniurad

1
S. xidaSeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 278.
2
iqve, gv. 288.
3
iqve, gv. 278.

373
da amomwuravad msjelobs, rom am adgilis damowmebis Se-
mdeg, vfiqrobT, misi pozicia yovelgvari komentaris ga-
reSec cxadia: `rusTaveli imdenad Rrmadaa gacnobierebu-
li moZRvrebaSi, saidanac `mziani Rame~ momdinareobs, rom
amodis am TvalnaTlivi saxis moazrebis yvelaze rTuli da
amave dros, Taviseburi Sexedulebidan naTelisa da bne-
lis, `mzianisa~ da `Ramis~ gaerTianebis Sesaxeb. rusTave-
lis `mziani Rame~ araa arc calke aRebuli naTeli (mze) da
misi warmodgena, arc calke aRebuli bneli (Rame) da misi
warmodgena. esaa erTi mTliani warmodgena, romelSic na-
Teli da bneli erTmaneTs emTxveva, iseve rogorc RmerTSi
erTmaneTs emTxveva arseboba da ararseboba, codna damya-
rebuli mis arsebobaze yoveliveSi, codnas damyarebuls
ararsebobaze arsad~.1
rusTavelis es Tvalsazrisi, xidaSelis SeniSvniT, pir-
dapir kavSirSia areopagitikasTan, rom am moZRvrebaSi
mocemuli RmerTis dadebiTi (katafatikuri) da uaryofi-
Ti (apofatikuri) daxasiaTeba swored aseTad warmoadgens
RmerTs. dadebiTi daxasiaTebis mixedviT, RmerTi naTelia,
xolo apofatikuri meTodiT daxasiaTebuli RmerTi aris
gaurkveveli da bneli. xidaSeli aq ar Cerdeba da mra-
valmxriv sayuradRebo SeniSvnas akeTebs: `magram amiT ar
amoiwureba saboloo pasuxi kiTxvaze. cal-calke aRebuli
`naTeli~ da `bneli~ dapirispirebul mimarTebaTa gamoxa-
tulebaa. `mziani Rame~ ki erTi cnebaa da problema dapi-
rispirebuli warmodgenebis gaerTianebaSi da misi onto-
logiuri safuZvlebis dasabuTebaSia. es niSnavs amave dros
imis dasabuTebas, rom `mziani Rame~ aris coincidentia opposito-
rum da ara contradictio in adjecto.2
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom, xidaSelis azriT,
rusTavelis `vefxistyaosanSi~ mocemuli `mziani Rame~ da
`uJamo Jami~ gamoxatavs RmerTs, romelic, rogorc umaR-

S. xidaSeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 288.

1

iqve, gv. 289.

2

374
lesi arseba, Tavis TavSi moicavs dapirispirebul mxareebs
da sakuTriv maRla dgas yovelgvar dapirispirebaze. msgav­
si viTarebaa areopagitikaSi, sadac RmerTi maRla dgas yo-
velgvari dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTebiT miRebul
codnaze. am sakiTxSi rusTaveli amodis areopagitikidan
da poemis cnobil strofSi ityvis:
`he, mzeo, vin xatad gTqves m z i a n i s a R a m i s a d ,
erT-arsebisa, erTisa, mis u J a m o s a J a m i s a d ,
vis gmorCileben cierni, erTis iotis wamisad,
bedsa nu micvli, miaje Seyramdis Cemad da misad!
viss xatad RmrTisad gityvian
f i l o s o f o s n i w i n a n i ~ .
avtori, e. i. rusTaveli TviTon miuTiTebs misi am sa-
xeebis wyaroze `filosofosni winani~-ze. sakmarisia gavi-
xsenoT, Tu vin iyvnen is filosofosebi, romlebic mzes
RmerTis xatad Tvlidnen da Zneli ar iqneba imis garkveva,
Tu vin igulisxmebian `filosofosni winani~-Si.
mzes RmerTis xatad miiCnevdnen neoplatonikosebi da
maT Soris, qristianuli neoplatonizmis warmomadgeneli
fsevdo-dionise areopageli. amasTan, RmerTisa da mzis
analogiis cnobili Tvalsazrisi fsevdo-dionisem gansaku-
Trebul simaRleze aiyvana. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom `ve-
fxistyaosanSi~ kardinalur sakiTxze damowmebulia `brZeni
divnosi~ – fsevdo-dionise areopageli – da ara sxva vinme,
safuZvels gvaZlevs `filosofosni winani~-Si vigulisxmoT
neoplatonikosebi, zogadad da fsevdo-dionise, kerZod.
msgavsi viTarebaa rusTavelis `vefxistyaosnis~ `uJa-
mo Jamis~ cnebasTan mimarTebiTac. saerTo TvalsazrisiT,
rusTavelis `uJamo Jami~ aris RmerTi da amgvarad gagebul
`uJamo Jams~ pirdapiri kavSiri aqvs areopagitikasTan.
areopagitikaSi dapirispirebuli predikatebi, S. xi-
daSelis marTebuli aRniSvniT, RmerTis mistikuri wvdo-
mis safexurze `moixsneba~, roca RmerTi xasiaTdeba `arca
saukune, arca Jami~, `arca sidede, arca simcire~, igi `arca

375
dgas, arca iZvris~ da a. S. aqedan xidaSeli aseTi Semaja-
mebel daskvnas akeTebs: `magram amas rusTavelis `uJamo
Jamis~ garkvevisaTvis is mniSvneloba eniWeba, rom rusTa-
velis damokidebulebas areopagitikisagan kidev erTi mniS-
vnelovani TvalsazrisiT adasturebs. aq ki sakmarisia imis
dadgena, rom `areopagitikaSi~ `uJamo~ da `Jami~ garkveulia
rogorc erTimeoris sapirispiro cnebebi da orive maTga-
ni miewereba pirvelmizezs; gamarTlebulia da dasabuTe-
buli RmerTis warmodgena, rogorc `uJamosi~ da rogorc
`Jamisa~.1
rusTavelis filosofiur msoflmxedvelobaze S. xida-
Selis mosazrebebSi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia panTeiz-
mis sakiTxs. avtori panTeizmis cnebaSi moiazrebs RmerTi-
sa da samyaros erTianobas da ara igiveobas. ase gagebuli
panTeizmi, xidaSelis azriT, gvxdeba, neoplatonizmsa da
areopagitikaSi. avtors rusTavelis panTeizmis wyarod ne-
oplatonizmi miaCnia da radganac areopagitika neoplato-
nuri Zeglia, isic SeiZleba CaiTvalos rusTavelis msofl-
mxedvelobis wyarod, roca panTeizmzea saubari.
`vefxistyaosnis~ `mziani Ramis~ cneba da misi warmoma-
vloba sagangebod ganixila cnobilma emigrantma mecnier-
rusTvelologma viktor nozaZem (1893-1975).
avtori sxvadasxva naSromSi, sxvadasxva adgilas sak-
maod vrclad ganixilavs `vefxistyaosnis~ `mziani Ramis~
cnebasa da mis sxvadasxva aspeqts. aRniSnavs, rom RmerTisa
da mzis analogia gvxdeba rogorc aleqsandriul filoso-
fiaSi (mag., filonTan), ise neoplatonizmSi da `es aleqsan-
driuli da neoplatonuri skolis Sexeduleba mzis xato-
bis Sesaxeb Sevida da damkvidrda qristianul Teologiur
literaturaSic~2.

S. xidaSeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 97.

1

v. nozaZe. vefxistyaosnis mzismetyveleba. TxzulebaTa sruli

2

krebuli aT tomad. guram SaraZis saerTo redaqciiT. Tb., 2006,

III t. gv. 381.

376
 v. nozaZe CamoTvlis im filosofosebs, romlebic, ro-
gorc `vefxistyaosanSi~ naxsenebi `filosofosni winani~,
mzes RmerTis xatad miiCnevdnen. maT Soris arian rogorc
neoplatonikosebi, ise warmarTi, iudeveli, muslimi da
qristiani filosofosebi. avtori CamoTvlilTa Soris sa-
gangebod gamoyofs fsevdo-dionise areopagels, misive aR-
niSvniT `vefxistyaosnis~ divnoss, `es aris dionisios are-
opagita~, vtnis (`vefxistyaosnis~, – m. m.) divnosi, romlis
SexedulebiTac RmerTi aris mzis naTeli. misi azriT, mze
aris xati RmrTisa, simbolo RmrTisa...~1~
v. nozaZe sagangebod Cerdeba `vefxistyaosnis~ brZen
divnosze – fsevdo-dionise areopagelze da amas igi xsnis
im faqtoriT, rom divnosi (fsevdo-dionise areopageli, –
m. m.) aris qristiani filosofosi da Teologosi da igi
vefxistya­osanSia dasaxelebuli. amis Semdeg avtori aanali-
zebs areopagituli traqtatis – `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~
umniSvnelovanesi me-4 Tavis sawyis qveTavebs, romelSic
mocemulia RvTisa da mzis analogia, daxasiaTebulia pir-
veli erTi (RmerTi), rogorc saxiereba (sikeTe), romlisga-
nac yvelaferi warmoiSoba da masve ukuubrundeba2.
v. nozaZis es analizi ZiriTadad RvTismetyvelebis
poziciidan aris Sesrulebuli. maSin, roca `saRmrToTa
saxelTaT¢s~-Si mocemuli RvTis da mzis analogia, masSi
mocemuli filosofiuri Sinaarsis gamo, saukuneebis gan-
mavlobaSi gamxdara azrTa sxvadasxvaobis (maqsime aRmsare-
beli, Toma akvineli, hainrix veertci da sxv.) sagani.
v. nozaZe ganixilavs sakiTxs – `mze – xati RmrTisa~
saerTod, filosofiuri debulebaa Tu Teologiuri, ker-
Zod. avtori manamde amtkicebs, rom es ar aris astrolo-
giuri debuleba.
v. nozaZe aRniSnavs, rom am mimoxilvebma igi daarwmuna,
rom `vefxistyaosnis~ filosofiur-Teologiuri debuleba

v. nozaZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 381.

1

iqve, gv. 381-385.

2

377
mzeze, rogorc RvTis xatze, aris qristianuli. amas ki imiT
asabuTebs, rom `vefxistyaosnis~ Teologia aris qristian-
uli da `Tavis Tavad mzis xatobac aris qristianuli de-
buleba; radgan mze aris xati RmrTisa; mze aris xati `mzi-
ani Ramisa~; mze aris xati `erTarsebisa erTisa~; xolo es
`erTarseba erTi~ ki aris `wmida sameba~, rac TavisTavad
cxadia, aris qristianuli Teologiis debuleba~1.
saintereso Tvalsazrisia. Tumca, aq �����������������
yuradRebis�������
������
gamax-
vileba����������������������������������������������
mxolod qristianobasa da qristianul msoflmxed-
velobaze, safuZvels moklebulia. Tundac imis gaTval-
iswinebiT, rom v. nozaZe `vefxistyaosnis~ erTarsebaSi
gulisxmobs qristianul samebas, rac kvlevis dRevandeli
donis gaTvaliswinebiT realobas ar Seesabameba.
revaz TvaraZem (1928-2006) specialuri statia miuZRvna
areopagitikasTan rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis mimarTe-
bas2.
r. TvaraZe statiis dasawyisSi fsevdo-dionisesa da
rusTavels Soris organuli kavSiris mikvlevas S. nucubi-
Zis `saSviliSvilo damsaxurebad~ miiCnevs da CamoTvlis nu-
cubiZis mTavar Sromebs. swored am SromebSi, avtoris az-
riT, myar mecnierul safuZvelze Camoyalibebulia is gza,
romelic gaiara rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis Semzadebis
Tvalsazrisma3.
r. TvaraZe areopagitikasTan rusTavelis msoflmxed-
velobis mimarTebis kvlevisas mravalricxovan paraleleb-
sa da Sedarebebs CamoTvlis areopagituli moZRvrebidan
da `vefxistyaosnidan~. avtori aRniSnavs, rom areopagitu-
li moZRvreba Seicavs neoplatonizmis TiTqmis yvela Ziri-
Tad debulebas. swored amaSi xedavs igi siZneles, radganac
Tuki areopagitikas neoplatonur Zeglad miviCnevT, xolo

1
v. nozaZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 386.
2
r. TvaraZe. TxuTmetsaukunovani mTlianoba. Tb., 1985, gv. 255-
256.
3
iqve, gv. 255.

378
rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobas qristianizmis wiaRSi aR-
mocenebulad, am SemTxvevaSi an areopagituli moZRvreba
unda miviCnioT qristianobis apologetad, `an kidev unda
uarvyoT rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis ase Tu ise damoki­
debuleba areopagelis moZRvrebaze~1.
es SeniSvna r. TvaraZis statias Tavidan bolomde gas-
devs. avtori cdilobs daasabuTos, rom areopagitika ar-
sebiTad qristianuli Zeglia. igi areopagituli moZRvre-
bidan araerT Tvalsazriss, debulebas Tu ideas imowmebs
da asabuTebs, rom areopagituli ideebi ki ar upirispird-
eba qristianul msoflmxedvelobas, piriqiT, Seesabameba
mas. ase magaliTad, areopagituli `gaRmrTobis idea ara-
viTar SemTxvevaSi ar ewinaaRmdegeba RmerTis gankacebis
qristianul moZRvrebas. saqme swored piriqiTaa: RmerTad
qmnis areopagituli idea uSualod qristianobis wiaRidan
aris amozrdili~2.
msgavs viTarebas xedavs TavaraZe, roca ganixilavs are-
opagitul `saRmrTo trfi����������������������������
a���������������������������
lebasa~ da areopagitul mis-
tikas. rogorc erT, ise meore SemTxvevaSi areopagitul
moZRvrebas warmoadgens mxolod, rogorc qristianul mso-
flmxedvelobas. maSin, roca areopagituli mistika Tavisi
Teoriul-inteleqtualuri xasiaTiT axlosaa da davale-
bulia plotines misticizmisgan, razec saubari gvqonda
winamdebare gamokvlevis III TavSi ($2).
am winaswari SeniSvnebis Semdeg r. TvaraZe exeba uSual-
od areopagitikasTan rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis mima-
rTebas. Tumca meti sicxadisTvis avtori kvlav ubrundeba
areopagitikisa da qristianobis mimarTebis sakiTxs, imo­
wmebs adgilebs areopagitikidan da sabolood akeTebs
daskvnebs areopagituli moZRvrebis qristianul xasiaTze.
Tumca, isic unda iTqvas, rom avtoris es msjelobebi xSirad
aradamajerebelia, gansakuTrebiT, roca igi exeba RmerTis

r. TvaraZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 260.

1

iqve, gv. 263.

2

379
gasvlas sinamdvileSi, yvelgan yofnas da a. S.1 amis naTeli
magaliTia avtoris Semdegi Tvalsazrisi: `ase Seirwymis
fsevdo-dionise areopagelis naazrevSi antikuri filoso-
fia, neoplatonizmi da qristianoba. ufro sworad – qris-
tianoba ivseba da ukeT sabuTdeba antikuri filosofiisa
da neoplatonizmis monapovrebiT~2.
areopagitikaSi mocemuli es winaaRmdegobrivi debule-
bebi ufro sxva midgomasa da sxva axsnas saWiroebs, rasac
areopagitikis filosofiuri problemebis ganxilvisas sak-
mao adgili davuTmeT da aq masze aRar SevCerdebiT.
r. TvaraZe ixilavs `vefxistyaosnis~ sawyis strofs –
`romelman Seqmna samyaro...~ da sityvaSi `romelman~ marTe-
bulad gulisxmobs RmerTs. xolo Semdeg taepSi – `zegard-
mo arsni suliTa yvna zeciT monaberiTa~ da `zegardmo
arsni~-Si kiTxulobs ciur arsebebs da rusTavelTan, sab-
olood samyaros ierarqiul wyobas xedavs, romelic axlos
dgas samyaros areopagitul modelTan3.
r. TvaraZe aseve ganixilavs sxva adgilebs `vefxistya-
osnidan~ da yvelgan xedavs qristianul models. amave
dros, avtori ar exeba rusTaveliseul `erTarseba erTs~,
`mzian Rames~, `uJamo Jams~, romelTa kavSiri areopagiti-
kasTan eWvgareSea da, rac mTavaria, am winaaRmdegobrivi
cnebebis Sinaarsi ver eteva qristianuli msoflmxedvelo-
bis CarCoebSi da mis gasagebad aucileblia filosofiis
moSvelieba. miT umetes, rom TviT rusTaveli gveubneba,
rom amis Sesaxeb `filosofosni winani~ gveubnebiano.
r. TvaraZis saintereso SeniSvniT, qarTuli kultura
myarad uWerda mxars soflis (amqveyniuris) da zesTa sof-
lis (imqveyniuris) mTlianobas, samyaros harmoniulobis
areopagitul Tvalsazriss4. saintereso da misaRebi azria,

1
r. TvaraZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 269.
2
iqve, gv. 271.
3
iqve, gv. 275.
4
iqve, gv. 279.

380
Tumca es areopagituli Tvalsazrisi ufro filosofiuri
(neoplatonuri) datvirTvisaa, vidre qristianuli da igi
ver iguebs RmerTis transcendentizms, ris dasabuTebasac
cdilobs avtori.
msgavsi viTarebaa siyvarulis rusT�����������������
a����������������
veliseul Teoria-
sTan mimarTebaSic, romelic, TvaraZis azriT, ki ar ewi-
naaRmdegeba platonis siyvarulis Teorias, aramed misi
areopagituli gaazrebis ilustraciaa, rac srulad Se­
esabameba `vefxistyaosnis~ umTavres azrs – soflisa da
zesoflis harmonias1.
statiis dasasruls r. TvaraZe areopagitul gavlenas
xedavs daviT guramiSvilis SemoqmedebaSi da amas saTanadod
asabuTebs kidec. statias avtori sayuradRebo daskvniT
amTavrebs: `ase aRorZinda fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da
rusTavelis ideebi meTvramete saukunis qarTul poeziaSi.
oRond es iyo am naTeli msoflmxedvelobis TiTqmis uka-
naskneli gamobrwyineba. msgavsi ram erTxel kidev gakrTa
baraTaSvilis, agreTve vaJa-fSavelas poeziaSi, xolo Sem-
deg qarTuli azrovneba, rogorc cnobilia, sul sxva sadi-
nars gahyva da soflisa da zesTasoflis mimarTebis prob-
lemac saerTod moixsna dRis wesrigidan~2.
areopagitikasTan `vefxistyaosnis~ ideur kavSirs exe­
ba zurab kiknaZe werilSi – `dionisesa da kronosis gamo
`vefxistyaosanSi~3. werilSi avtori akritikebs mkvlevar
d. qumsiSvilis Sexedulebebs `vefxistyaosanSi~ naxseneb
`brZeni divnosis~ Sesaxeb.
z. kiknaZis aRniSvniT, d. qumsiSvils ar akmayofilebda
dResdReobiT yvelaze ufro argumentirebuli S. nucubi-
Zis azri, romlis Tanaxmadac `brZeni divnosi~ aris fsev-
do-dionise areopageli da `divnoss~ aigivebs sxva strofSi

1
r. TvaraZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 281.
2
iqve, gv. 286.
3
z. kiknaZe. `dionisesa da kronosis gamo `vefxistyaosanSi~.
`ciskari~, 1969, #11, gv. 119-122.

381
naxseneb `dionosTan~ da orive maTganSi Zveli berZnuli mi-
Tologiis RmerTs dionises gulisxmobs1.
z. kiknaZe damajereblad aCvenebs d. qumsiSvilis Sexed-
ulebebis usafuZvlobas da mTlianad iziarebs S. nucubiZis
Tvalsazriss: `sayovelTaod miRebulia is azric, rom poemas
areopagituli moZRvrebis Zlieri kvali atyvia. akad. S. nu-
cubiZem cxadyo qarTuli filosofiuri azris gansakuTre-
buli interesi am problematikisadmi. amitom SemTxveviTi
ar unda yofiliyo am saidumloebiT moculi wignebis avto-
ris xseneba rusTavelis poemaSi. `brZeni divnosis~ xsenebas
amarTlebs TviT poemis dedaarsi (calkeuli gamonaTqvamis
garda), masSi gatarebuli filosofiur-eTikuri azri, rom
boroteba uxanoa (TviT qarTul TqmaSic `uxano~ yovelTvis
borotebas gulisxmobs), rom mas TavisTavad arseboba ar
aqvs da mxolod arasrulyofili sikeTisagan iSveba. arc
ise cxadia borotebis arsisa da gaCenis sakiTxi; igi empiri-
uli sinamdvilis miRma ifareba. es rom Tavidanve cxadi yo-
filiyo yvelasaTvis, arc daiwereboda rusTavelis poema,
ufro sworad, ar daiwereboda amgvari `vefxistyaosani~,
igi ukeTes SemTxvevaSi empiriuli sinamdvilis asaxva iqne-
boda mxolod~.2
mkvlevari elguja xinTibiZe araerT naSromSi Se-
exo rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis mimarTebas antikur
filosofiasTan, qristianobasTan, neoplatonizmTan da
maT Soris, areopagitul moZRvrebasTan. igi im qarTvel
mec­nierTa ricxvSia, vinc aRiarebs areopagitikis gavlenas
rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobaze da masSi moc������������
emuli�������
umniS-
vnelovanesi ideebis arsebobas `vefxistyaosanSi~.
e. xinTibiZis mravalwliani kvleva-Zieba am mimarTebiT
erTgvari Sejamebis saxiT gadmocemulia mis bolo funda-
mentur naSromSi – `vefxistyaosnis ideur-msoflmxedvelo-
biTi samyaro~ (2009).

1
z. kiknaZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 119.
2
iqve.

382
 e. xinTibiZis mosazrebebidan unda gamovyoT erTi mo-
menti. avtori miiCnevs, rom aristotelesTan rusTavelis
mimarTebis kvleva sulac ar gulisxmobs neoplatonizmTan
amgvari mimarTebis uaryofas an, piriqiT1.
avtori arerTgzis aRniSnavs areopagituli moZRvrebis
ideebis arsebobas rusTavelis filosofiur msoflmxed-
velobaSi, Tundac sikeTisa da borotebis urTierTmima-
rTebaze, kerZod, borotebis arasubstanciurobaze. es aris
areopagitikidan `...momdinare neoplatonizmisa da gvian-
del Sua saukuneebSi aristotelianuris saxeliT cnobili
metafizikuri azrovnebisa da misi maRalganviTarebuli
qrisitanuli Teologiis bazaze gaazreba~ da maTi sinTezi2.
rogorc vnaxeT, areopagitikasTan rusTavelis mso-
flmxedvelobis mimarTebis kvlevisas, mkvlevarTa umrav-
lesoba, rogorc wesi, exeba `vefxistyaosanSi~ naxseneb
`mziani Ramisa~ da `UuJamo Jamis~ cnebebs. e. xinTibiZe kri-
tikulad ganixilavs araerTi avtoris (k. kekeliZe, m. gigi-
neiSvili, m. rafava da sxv.) Sexedulebas da akeTebs erTob
sayuradRebo daskvnebs, kerZod, igi ar iziarebs `mziani
Ramis~ imgvar gagebas, romlic Tanaxmadac, am cnebaSi ig-
ulisxmeba ieso qriste.
avtori exeba cnobili rusi Teologis, areopagituli
traqtatis – `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~ rusulad mTargmne-
lis iRumen genadis (eikaloviCi) werils, romelic viktor
nozaZis SekiTxvaze pasuxia. werilSi genadi eikaloviCi
`mziani Ramis~ cnebasac exeba da mas katafatikisa da apo-
fatikis simbolod miiCnevs, kerZod: `mze aris dadebiTi
simbolo RmrTeebisa (RvTiurobisa), xolo Rame ki (ufro
xSirad – wyvdiadi RvTiuri sibnele) – aris uaryofadi
simbolo~3.

1
e. xinTibiZe. rusTavelis ideur-msoflmxedvelobiTi samyaro.
Tb., 2009, gv. 41.
2
iqve, gv. 69.
3
iqve, gv. 260.

383
 eikaloviCis saboloo daskvnis mixedviT, mTeli neopla-
tonuri filosofiis warmomadgenelTa da yvela mistikosis
Sromebi savsea naTlisa da wyvdiadis simbolikiT.
rogorc vxedavT, eikaloviCi rusTavelis `mziani Ramis~
safuZvels neoplatonikosTa da mistikosTa azrebSi xedavs,
magram ar akonkretebs romelime avtoris saxels. imis gaT-
valiswinebiT, rom areopagituli moZRvreba neoplatonu-
ric aris da mistikuric, eikaloviCis naazrevSi TavisTavad
SeiZleba fsevdo-dionises saxelis amokiTxva.
e. xinTibiZis aRniSvniT, yvelafris miuxedavad `mziani
Ramis~ cnebis swori gageba mainc ver moxerxda. eikalo-
viCis ganmartebis miuxedavad, am gamonaTqvamSi mas mainc
miewera aSkara miniSneba qristeze. amitomac aucilebeli
gaxda kidev erTxel mibruneba am sakiTxze, romelic S. xi­
daSelis gamokvlevaSi – `vefxistyaosnis erTi adgili are-
opagitikis TvalsazrisiT~ ganxorcielda. xidaSelis `am
naSromSi rusTavelis `mziani Rame~ da `uJamo Jami~ ganxi-
lulia swored am moZRvrebis fonze, romelic filosofi-
urad asabuTebs RvTaebis am saxelebs. aseTi moZRvreba aris
areopagitika~1.
e. xinTibiZe, ZiriTadad `mziani Ramis~ cnebis ganxilvis
safuZvelze, areopagitikas rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis
erT-erT mTavar wyarod miiCnevs. avtoris es daskvna imde-
nad mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia, rom mas srulad vimowmebT:
`amrigad, mziani Rame aris uzenaesi arsebis erTi saxeli,
romelic emyareba bibliis Zvel komentatorTa Sromebs da
Seqmnilia TeologiaSi cnobili meTodiT – katafatika-apo-
fatikis, anu RvTaebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi saxelebis
gaerTianebis gziT. am meTodis filosofiuri dasabuTeba
warmodgenilia areopagitikaSi. es ki kidev ufro naTels
xdis imas, rom mziani Rame katafatikur-apofatikuri saxe­

e. xinTibiZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 262.

1

384
lia, ramdenadac is garemoeba, rom areopagitika rusTve-
lis erT-erTi wyaroa, sadavo aRar aris~1.
avtors es mainc ar akmayofilebs da agrZelebs wiaRs-
vlebs da aRniSnavs: amgvar meTods (katafatika-apofatika)
mimarTavs orTodoqsuli qristianoba, neoplatonizmi, in-
duri religiuri filosofia da sxv. faqtobrivad erT-
maneTs emTxveva rusTavelis `mziani Rame~ da heraklites
`dRe-Rame~. magram e. xinTibiZe am sakiTxSi sabolood
`vefxistyaosnis~ wyarod areopagitul moZRvrebas miiCnevs
da Tavisi poziciis marTebulobas sami damajerebeli argu-
mentiT amagrebs:
`1. fsevdo-dionise areopagelis moZRvreba rusTvelis
epoqaSi qarTul enaze Targmnili da qarTul sazogadoe-
baSi, Tamaris samefo karze, popularuli iyo.
2. fsevdo-dionise areopagelis mieraa Semotanili es
meTodi qristianul TeologiaSi da yvelaze naTladaa igi
dasabuTebuli.
3. rusTveli icnobs, asaxelebs da sxva SemTxvevaSic ey-
rdnoba fsevdo-dionise areopagels.
amgvarad, vefxistyaosnis `mziani Rame~ aris uzenaesi
arsebis, erTi RmerTis katafatikur-apofatikuri saxeli~2.
msgavsi azrebi aqvs gamoTqmuli e. xinTibiZes `vefxis­
tyaosanSi~ naxseneb `uJamo Jamis~ cnebazec. avtori ar
iziarebs m. gigineiSvilisa da m. rafavas mosazrebebs. gig-
ineiSvils ar eTanxmeba imis Taobaze, rom `uJamo JamSi~
ieso qriste igulisxmeba, xolo rafavas imaSi, rom es cneba
(`uJamo Jami~) ar aris RmerTis saxeli3.
Tavis mxriv, avtori `uJamo Jamis~ wyarod areopagiti-
kas Tvlis da myari argumentebiT asabuTebs Tavis Tval­
sazriss. `amrigad, vefxistyaosnis uJamo Jami aris uzenaesi

1
e. xinTibiZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 262.
2
iqve, gv. 264.
3
iqve, gv. 269.

385
arsebis, RmerTis katafatikur-apofatikuri saxeli da ara
maincdamainc samebis meore hipostazis – qristes saxeli~1.
e. xinTibiZis am gamokvlevaSi patara, magram sagangebo
Tavia Setanili saTauriT – `areopagitika da rusTaveli~.
avtori naSromis am monakveTSi imeorebs im mTavar azrs,
rusTavelisTvis areopagituli moZRvrebis didi mniSvnelo-
bis Sesaxeb. magram, Tuki `mziani Ramisa~ da `uJamo Jamis~
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i-
sa da apofatikis wyaroebis kvlevisas, avtori uSualod
areopa­gitikaze miuTiTebs, saerTo viTarebis ganxilvisas
areali farTovdeba. kerZod, rusTavelis filosofiuri
wyaroeb����������������������������������������������
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s platonizm-
sac da aristotelesac. metic aq, avtori ukve saubrobs
rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobaSi aristotelizmisa da neo-
platonizmis sinTezze2.
e. xinTibiZis azriT, rusTavelisTvis areopagitikis
mniSvnelobis gasagebad angariSi unda gaewios imas, rom
`vefxistyaosanSi~ areopagitika motanilia aristoteles
bazaze. `rusTavelis filosofiuri wyaro rom mxolod
areopagitika yofiliyo aristotelizmis gareSe, maSin
rusTvelis azrovnebaSi renesansuli araferi iqneboda
da areopagelic albaT gaazrebuli iqneboda iseve orTo-
doqsul-qristianulad, rogorc gaigo da miiRo igi qris-
tianulma eklesiam~3.
aq avtori paralels avlebs rusTavelisa da dantes
Semoqmedebas Soris da aRniSnavs, rom dante emyareba pla-
tonsac, aristotelesac, fsevdo-dionisesac, magram pir-
vel adgilze mainc aristoteles ayenebs.
aristoteles, fsevdo-dionisesa da rusTavelis Semoq-
medebis arsis gaTvaliswinebiT, e. xinTibiZis es azri Cven
sadavod migvaCnia. arc is aris SemTxveviTi, rom iseTi prin-

1
e. xinTibiZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 271.
2
iqve, gv. 729.
3
iqve, gv. 730.

386
cipuli da kardinaluri sakiTxis, rogoricaa – sikeTisa
da borotebis mimarTebis gansjisas, rusTaveli areopagi-
tikas mimarTavs, xolo mniSvnelovani Tezis – RmerTi, ro-
gorc `mziani Rame~ da `uJamo Jami~ wyarod moxseniebul –
`filosofosni winani~-Si yvelaze metad neoplatonikosebi
da areopagituli moZRvrebis avtori unda igulisxmebodes.
qarTuli kulturisTvis areopagitikis did mniS-
vnelobas exeba g. TevzaZe. misi aRniSvniT, sikeTis monizmis
areopagituli debuleba religiaTa da mrwamsTa SeTanxmebis
safuZvels iZleoda. amasTan, sikeTis monizmis Tvalsazrisi
qarTuli sinamdvilisTvis ukve cnobili iyo basili didis
moZRvrebis meSveobiT. es ki, Tavis mxriv, sxva religiebSi
sikeTis arsebobis safuZvels iZleoda. aRniSnulis safuZ-
velze g. TevzaZe aseT sayuradRebo daskvnas akeTebs: `es
daviTis (daviT aRmaSeneblis, – m. m.) Semwynareblobis Teo-
riuli safuZvlis momzadeba iyo, rac petriwis filosofi-
aSi kidev ufro naTlad gamoikveTa. yovelive amis safuZv-
elze Seqmnil `vefxistyaosanSi~ Semwynarebloba, SeiZleba
iTqvas, eris msoflmxedvelobis arsebiT Sinaarsad iqca~1.
sikeTis monizmisa da borotebis arasubstanciurobaze
msjelobisas, g. TevzaZis azriT, basili gamokveTs Tvals-
azriss – keTilma SeuZlebelia boroti dabados, `romelic
areopagitikisa da petriwis gavliT rusTvelTan kristal-
deba qarTul cnobierebaSi~2. aq mTavari aris is, rom avto-
ris marTebuli SeniSvniT, RmerTisgan boroteba ar modis,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi is substanciuri iqneboda, xolo
misi Zleva – SeuZlebeli. masTan SedarebiT sul `sxvaa ada-
mianis codvasTan dakavSirebuli boroteba. misi mospoba
adamianzevea damokidebuli~3.

1
g. TevzaZe. Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoria. Tb., 1996, gv.
183.
2
iqve, gv. 164.
3
iqve.

387
 gavecaniT zogadad qarTul kulturasa da kerZod,
rus­ Tavelis msoflmxedvelobaze areopagitikis gavlenis
Se­saxeb qarTveli avtorebis (S. nucubiZis, S. xidaSelis, v.
no­­zaZis, r. TvaraZis, z. kiknaZis, e. xinTibiZis, g. TevzaZis)
Tval­sazrisebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom maT sakmaod warmate-
bulad daasabuTes amgvari gavlenis ueWveloba.
amasTan, zogierTi azri misaRebia, zogierTi ki sakama-
To.
ase magaliTad, S. nucubiZis Tvalsazrisi neoplato-
nizmSi, areopagitikasa da rusTavelis SemoqmedebaSi pan-
Teisturi materializmis arsebobis Sesaxeb safuZvels mok-
lebulia.
am mimarTebiT SedarebiT win gadadgmul nabijad gve-
saxeba S. xidaSelis mxridan sakiTxis dakonkreteba da pan-
Teizmze saubari rogorc neoplatonizmSi, ise rusTavel-
Tan. magram arc es Tvalsazrisia bolomde safuZvliani,
radganac rusTavelis epoqaSi, miT umetes, neoplatonizmi-
sa da areopagituli Txzulebebis Seqmnis dros panTeizmi
ar yofila Camoyalibebuli msoflmxedveloba. am sistemaSi,
rogorc marTebulad SeniSnavda a. losevi, iyo panTeizmSi
gadazrdis tendencia. ase rom, srulyofili panTeizmi arc
neoplatonizmSi yofila da verc rusTavelTan iqneboda.
r. TvaraZe areopagitikasa da `vefxistyaosanSi~ msolod
qristianul msoflmxedvelobaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas,
xedavs da erTgvarad gverds uvlis wminda filosofiur
(neoplatonur) ideebs, romelTa arseboba areopagitika-
sa da `vefxistyaosanSi~ kvlevis dRevandeli monacemebiT,
eWvgareSea. aqve aucileblad unda aRiniSnos r. TvaraZis
upirvelesi damsaxureba, kerZod, man Cvens mecnierebaSi
erT-erTma pirvelma scada qarTul mwerlobaze areopagi-
tikis gavlenis SedarebiT sruli suraTis warmodgena, ri-
Tac am mimarTebiT kvlevis axali perspeqtiva dasaxa.
e. xinTibiZis gamokvleva mniSvnelovania imiTac, rom qar-
Tul kulturaze areopagitikis gavlenas farTo speqtriT

388
xedavs. rusTavelis garda igi aseT gavlenas amCnevs daviT
guramiSvilTanac. kerZod, avtoris azriT, guramiSvilis
`daviTianSi~ aSkaraa areopagitikis gavlena. am mimarTebiT
igi iziarebs n. naTaZis Tvalsazriss da aRniSnavs: `dioni-
se areopagelis (fsevdo-dionise, – m. m.) gavlena guramiSvi-
seul mistikasac etyoba. kerZod, rogorc miTiTebulia (n.
na­­Ta­ZesTan, – m. m.), swored areopagituli filosofiis ba-
zaze unda iyos Seqmnili `daviTianSi~ damowmebuli saxeli
`saidumlo dRe~, rac rusTveliseuli `mziani Ramis~ Tana-
fardi cnebaa~1.
aq ZiriTadad saubari gvqonda areopagituli moZRvre-
bis gavlenaze `vefxistyaosansa~ da daviT guramiSvilis Se-
moqmedebaSi, zogadad ki, qarTul ideologiasa da qarTuli
msoflmxedvelobis Camoyalibebaze. isic unda aRiniSnos,
rom jer kidev Sua saukuneebSi fsevdo-dioniseze pirdapi-
ri miTiTebaa CaxruxaZis `TamarianSi:
`mo, filosofosno, sityvaTa arsno, Tamars vaqebdeT
gulis xmiersa!
dionosisgan, viT enosisgan srulni qebani am mZleT
Zliersa!~
`SenTvis £mda aristoteli, dionos wignTa Sesxmani~.
saerTod, kvleva-Ziebis dRevandel doneze SeiZleba
Tamamad iTqvas, rom areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena
qarTul kulturaze eWvgareSea.
daviwyoT imiT, rom efrem mcire saTargmnelad ir-
Cevs moZRvrebas, romelSic Teologiuris gverdiT uxvadaa
qristianobisTvis miuRebeli filosofiuri (neoplatonu-
ri) ideebi. ase rom, areopagituli moZRvrebis qarTulad
gadaTargmnis faqti, rogorc amas S. xidaSeli aRniSnavda,
TavisTavad Cveni kulturisTvis didmniSvnelovani movlena
iyo, rasac ukvalod ar Cauvlia.
rogorc aRiniSna da es araerTma mkvlevarma aCvena an
mianiSna, areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena aris `vefxi-

g. TevzaZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 52.

1

389
styaosanSi~, daviT guramiSvilTan, nikoloz baraTaSvil-
Tan, vaJa-fSavelsTan, qarTul ideologiaze da a. S. magram,
roca qarTul kulturaze areopagitikis gavlenis Sesaxeb
aris saubari, aq upirvelesad rusTvelis `vefxistyaosani~
igulisxmeba.
zogadad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom rusTavelis `vefxistya-
osans~ Tavidan bolomde gasdevs areopagituli Tvalsazri-
si sikeTis monizmisa da borotebis arasubstanciurobaze.
amas garda, iseTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, rogoricaa vefxi-
styaosniseuli RmerTi, rogorc `mziani Rame~ da `uJamo
Jami~, aSkarad areopagituli warmomavlobisaa.
ramdenadac rusTaveli erTob iSviaTad mimarTavs
avtoritetebs, amdenad, poemaSi `brZeni divnosis~ ubra-
lod xsenebac ukve mniSvnelovani faqtia. magram TavisTa-
vad es mniSvnelovani faqtic ki meorexarisxovani xdeba,
roca vnaxavT, Tu raSi imowmebs rusTaveli fsevdo-dioni-
ses. rusTavelis Tanaxmad, sikeTe maradiulia da boroteba
arasubstanciuri (`RmerTi kargsa moavlinebs da borotsa
ar dabadebs...~), rac `vefxistyaosnis~ qvakuTxedia. swored
am sakiTxSi imowmebs poemis avtori fsevdo-dionise areo-
pagels – `brZen divnoss~.
mkvlevarTa erTi nawili miuTiTebs borotebis Sesaxeb
rusTveliseuli Tvalsazrisis gansxvavebaze areopagituli
Tvalsazrisisgan. am mosazrebaTa Tanaxmad, areopagitika-
Si borotebis raime saxiT arseboba uaryofilia, rusTa-
velTan ki ara, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi azri ar eqneboda
mis winaaRmdeg brZolas (`borotsa sZlia keTilman, arseba
misi grZelia~). es mosazreba ar aris swori. areopagitul
moZRvrebaSi boroteba raime saxiT rom ar arsebobdes, ma-
Sin gaugebari iqneboda, Tu ratom dauTmo aseTi didi adgi-
li fsevdo-dionisem borotebis ararsebobis dasabuTebas1.
am dasabuTebis safuZvelze ki areopagitul moZRvrebaSi
gakeTebulia Semdegi daskvnebi: boroteba aris `mokleba¡

areopagitika. `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~. gv. 43-58.

1

390
keTilisagan~, `naklulevaneba keTilisa~, `borotsa yofa¡
SemTxueviTad ganiwesebodnen~ da a. S. yvelaferi es ki
imis maCvenebelia, rom boroteba areopagitikaSic arse-
bobs, magram is maradiuli ki araa, rogorc sikeTe, aramed
SemTxveviTi. ase rom, borotebis amgvari gageba, rogoric
rusTavelTan gvxdeba da romlis Zlevac SesaZlebelia, ga-
mokveTiladaa mocemuli areopagitikaSic. filosofiis ena-
ze es aris msjeloba borotebaze, rogorc arasubstanciur
movlenaze, rogorc SemTxveviTze.
sakiTxis sicxadisTvis mcire eqskurss mivmarToT:
sakuTriv ram ganapiroba Sua saukuneebis azrovneba-
Si sikeTisa da borotebis urTierTmimarTebis gansaku-
Trebuli interesi? am kiTxvaze pasuxisas upirvelesad
unda gaviTvaliswinoT is garemoeba, rom Sua saukune­ ebis
msoflmxedvelobriv sistemaSi ZiriTadad damkvidrda mo-
noTeisturi Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmadac, mTeli si-
namdvilis safuZvelia (Tu Semqmneli) yovlad srulyofili
RmerTi, rac arsebobs RmerTis meSveobiT. borotebac xom
arsebobs? ibadeba kiTxva: boroteba RmerTisgan momdina-
reobs Tu mas sxva sawyisi gaaCnia? Tuki boroteba Rmer-
Tis mieraa Seqmnili, maSin ra uSlida sarulyofilsa da
yovlisSemZle RmerTs boroteba ar Seeqmna? am kiTxvaze
sxvadasxvanairad pasuxobdnen Sua saukuneebis moazrovne­
ebi, Tumca umravles SemTxvevaSi borotebas usawyisod –
arasubstanciurad miiCnevdnen. magram, aRniSnulis miuxe-
davad, erTni borotebas garkveul pozitiur mniSvnelobas
mainc aniWebdnen da mis daSvebas aucileblad miiCnevdnen.
kerZod, sikeTis gamosamJRavneblad (mag., plotine); meore-
ni borotebis arsebobis faqts imiT xsnidnen, rom, saer-
Tod, gamocdis gareSe araferi ar ivargebs, boroteba ki
RmerTma adamianis gamocdis mizniT gaaCina (ioane damaske-
li). unda iTqvas, rom ioane damaskelis es Tvalsazrisi
mocemul kiTxvaze Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi erT-erTi
marjve, Tumca ara saboloo pasuxia.

391
 CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa is Tvalsazri-
si, romelic borotebas usawyisod (prokle) miiCnevs. es
Tvalsazrisi qristianul msoflmxedvelobaSi Semoitana da
daamkvidra fsevdo-dionise areopagelma. borotebis usawyi-
sod da SemTxveviTad gamocxadebiT, borotebis winaaRmdeg
brZolisa da misi daZlevis SesaZleblobaa daSvebuli. yo-
velive es ki sakuTriv adamianis aqtiurobas uxsnida gzas.
borotebis amgvar gagebas ki udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda
humanizmis msoflmxedvelobis CamoyalibebaSi. rusTaveli
bolomde iziarebs am Tvalsazriss, miuTiTebs mis wyaroze
(fsevdo-dionise areopagelze) da xotbas asxams kidec mas
poemaSi.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom borotebaze, rogorc sikeTis
klebaze Tvalsazrisi ufro adre gvxdeba basili didTan.
magram proklesa da fsevdo-dionises Tvalsazrisi imiT
aris gamorCeuli, rom maTTan borotebis yovelgvari pozi-
tiuri mniSvnelobaa gauqmebuli. amiT gansxvavdeba fsevdo-
dionises es Tvalsazrisi meore, SedarebiT adrindeli,
qristiani moRvawis – basili didis – Tvalsazrisisgan bo-
rotebis arsze.
rogorc aRiniSna, azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa `vefxistyaosan-
Si~ naxsenebi SesaniSnavi `poeturi metaforebis~ (S. xidaSe-
li) – `mziani Ramisa~ da `uJamo Jamis~ cnebebze. TavisTavad
sainteresoa am metaforebis wyaroebi, rac kvleva-Ziebam
unda daadginos.
ramdenadac sakuTriv rusTaveli aRniSnul cnebebs `fi-
losofosni winani~-s ukavSirebs, bunebrivia kiTxva: – ro-
meli filosofiuri moZRvrebis wiaRSia mocemuli `mziani
Ramis~ da `uJamo Jamis~ cnebebis Sinaarsi? daviwyoT `vefxi-
styaosnis~ strofSi mocemuli `erTarseba erTia~ cnebiT.
`erTarseba erTSi~ SeiZleba igulisxmebodes rogorc qri-
stianulad (ese igi, religiurad), ise neoplatonurad (ese
igi filosofiurad) gagebuli RmerTi. magram, radganac
momdevno strofSi naTqvamia, rom mze RmerTis xatad war-

392
moadgines winamavalma filosofosebma (`vis xatad RmrTi-
sad gityvian filosofosni winani...~), aqedan gamomdinare,
`filosofosni winani~-Si neoplatonikosebia ufro sava-
raudebeli, radganac swored maTTan aris RmerTi gamor-
Ceulad ise gagebuli da daxasiaTebuli, rogorc es `vefxi-
styaosnis~ xsenebul strofSia warmodgenili: `yvelgan da
amave dros arsad myofi~ – plotinesTan; `uxilavi naTeli~,
`naTeli nisli~ – fsevdo-dionisesTan; `miuRweveli sicxa-
de~ – ioane skot eriugenasTan.
Tuki mxedvelobaSi miviRebT imas, rom rusTavelis `er-
Tarseba erTi~, `mziani Rame~ da `uJamo Jami~ erTi da igivea
da gamoxatavs erT RmerTs, romlis xaticaa mze da Sevuda-
rebT amas neoplatonikosebis ukve aRniSnul Tvalsazriss,
maSin rusTavelis `filosofosni winani~-Si ufro swori
iqneba neoplatonikosi filosofosebi rom vigulisxmoT,
konkretulad ki, qristianuli neoplatonizmis warmomad-
geneli – fsevdo-dionise areopageli. miT umetes, rom
rusTaveli Tavisi nawarmoebis erT-erT kardinalur – si-
keTisa da borotebis mimarTebis sakiTxSi swored fsevdo-
dionises (`brZen divnoss~) imowmebs.
aq, Cveni kvlevis interesebidan gamomdinare, kidev
erTxel davubrundeT neoplatonizms. neoplatonuri fi-
losofia antikurobidan Sua saukuneebze gadasvlis epoqis
yvelaze mniSvnelovani filosofiuri sistemaa, romelsac
gadamwyveti gavlena hqonda momdevno drois msoflmxed-
velobriv mimarTulebebze. gavlena iyo rogorc qristia-
nul samyaroSi (aqedan qristianuli neoplatonizmi), ise
muslimurSi (magaliTad, sufizmze). saqarTvelo, romelic
odiTganve dakavSirebuli iyo berZnul-bizantiur kultu-
rasTan, am gavlenis sferoSi aRmoCnda.
neoplatonuri filosofia upirvelesad mniSvnelovania,
rogorc renesansisa da humanizmis erT-erTi msoflmxedve-
lobrivi safuZveli. ra niSniT iTvleba neoplatonizmi re-
nesansis ZiriTad msoflmxedvelobriv safuZvlad? rogorc

393
cnobilia, renesansis erT-erT mTavar moments warmoadgens
amqveyniurisadmi Rirebulebis miniWeba.
swored neoplatonur filosofiaSi, romlis amosavali
debulebaa RmerTisa (pirvelmizezis) da samyaros erTiano-
bis idea (emanaciis principis SemotaniT ganxorcielebuli),
`RmerTi miwazea Camoyvanili~. es ki xilul sinamdvile-
Si RvTaebrivis `aRmoCenisa~ Tu `danaxvis~ SesaZleblo-
bas uSvebda. arc is iyo SemTxveviTi, rom neoplatoniko-
si plotine materiis maradiulobasa da masSi maradiuli
mSvenierebis arsebobas aRiarebda. msgavsi TvalsazrisiTaa
gamsWvaluli sxva neoplatonikosTa moZRvrebebic. aRni-
Snulidan gamomdinare, neoplatonuri filosofia SeiZle-
ba CaiTvalos xiluli sinamdvilis Rirebulebad gamocxa-
debis, ukidures SemTxvevaSi erT-erT msoflmxedvelobriv
safuZvlad mainc.
axali eris pirvel saukuneebSi neoplatonizmis para-
lelurad yalibdeboda qristianuli msoflmxedveloba,
romelic `wminda sulis primats efuZneba~ (e. celeri), ris
safuZvelzedac, upirvelesad, yuradReba gamaxvilebulia
adamianis – individis – sulier samyaroze. amas efuZneba
qristianuli eTika, romelsac adamianis renesansuli tipis
Tvalsazrisis Camoyalibebisas udidesi mniSvneloba eniWe-
boda. swored esaa qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis erT-
erTi udidesi damsaxureba kulturis istoriaSi.
saerTod ki, rogorc qristianoba, ise neoplatonizmi,
adamianis sulieri moRvaweobis aucilebeli Semadgeneli
mxareebi iyo da `Tavdapirvelad qristianoba da neopla-
tonizmi ar warmoSobila, rogorc urTierTsapirispiro
moZRvrebebi~ (e. celeri). Semdeg ki viTareba Seicvala da
TandaTanobiT es ori msoflmxedveloba mkveTrad daupi­
rispirda erTmaneTs. Tumca, am dapirispirebisas isini urT-
ierTzegavlenas axdendnen, ris safuZvelzec Camoyalibda
qristianuli neoplatonizmi, romlis umniSvnelovanesi
warmomadgeneli iyo areopagituli Txzulebebis avtori.

394
 am mcire eqskurss imis gamo mivmarTeT, rom gveCvenebina
im epoqis msoflmxedvelobrivi garemo, romelSic Seiqmna
areopagituli moZRvreba. es is epoqaa, roca qristianuli
msoflmxedveloba aRmavlobis gzazea, xolo neoplatoniz-
mi Zalas kargavs, Tumca jer kidev fexze dgas. swored
epo­qam ganapiroba imgvari moZRvrebis Seqmna, romelic gad-
mocemuli iyo areopagitul TxzulebebSi. am moZRvrebaSi,
romelic qristianul niadagze da qristianul garemoSia
Camoyalibebuli, SenarCunebuli iyo agreTve neoplaton-
uri ideebi.
qarTvelma mecnierebma damajereblad aCvenes qar-
Tul kulturaze areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena da
mniSvneloba. magram es ar aris sakmarisi da am sakiTxis
yovelmxrivi da RrmasafuZvliani kvleva momavlis saqmea.
dasasrul aRvniSnavT imasac, rom areopagituli moZ-
Rvrebis gavlena yvelaze naTlad rusTavelis `vefxistyao-
sanSia~ da kardinalur sakiTxebSi swored fsevdo-dionis-
es damowmeba poemaSi imis dasturia, rom `vefxistyaosnis~
ZiriTadi msoflmxedvelobrivi wyaro swored areopagiti-
kaa.

395
 saerTo daskvnebi

areopagitul moZRvrebaze saerTo azris Sesaqmnelad

naSromSi gamoikveTa ZiriTadi sakiTxebi: areopagituli fi-
losofia; areopagitikis mimarTeba winamaval neoplatonur
filosofiasa da kapadokieli mamebis msoflmxedvelobebT-
an; areopagituli gavlena.
naSromSi xazgasmulia, rom areopagitika religiur-fi-
losofiuri Zeglia, romelsac udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda
momdevno drois religiuri da filosofiuri msoflmxed-
velobebisTvis. areopagitikaSi mocemuli filosofiuri
ideebi am moZRvrebis filosofiuri analizis safuZvels
iZleva.
imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom epoqaSi, rodesac Seiqmna
areopagituli moZRvreba, filosofiuri da Teologiuri
problematika mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan,
naSromSi ganxilulia areopagitikis rogorc Teologiuri
wyaroebi, ise misi gavlena TeologTa msoflmxedvelobebze.
filosofiasTan areopagitikis mimarTebis kvlevisas
dadgenil iqna am moZRvrebis mTavari filosofiuri wya­
roebi (platoni, plotine, prokle). areopagituli moZ-
Rvrebis filosofiuri analizisas gamoikveTa misi ZiriTa-
di problemebi: moZRvreba pirvelmizezze, anu RmerTze,
RmerTis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba, pirvelmize-
zidan arsebaTa aucileblobiT warmoSoba da masSi ukuda-
bruneba, sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba, RmerTis misti-
kuri Wvreta.
areopagituli moZRvrebis Teologiuri wyaroebidan
naSromSi ganxilulia basili didis, grigol nazianzelisa da
grigol noselis Tvalsazrisebi da naCvenebia areopagitul

396
moZRvrebasTan maTi siaxlove da gansxvaveba. gansakuTreb-
uli yuradReba daeTmo sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebas
basili didis msoflmxedvelobasa da areopagitul moZ-
RvrebaSi, RmerT-samebaze moZRvrebas grigol nazianzelis
Semoqmedebasa da areopagitikaSi, Sesaqmes grigol noselis
msoflmxedvelobasa da areopagitul moZRvrebaSi da sxv.
areopagituli gavlenis gamokvlevis safuZvelze naCve­
neb iqna am gavlenis xasiaTi. kerZod, Tuki maqsime aRm-
sarebeli, ioane damaskeli da Toma akvineli areopagitikis
Teologiur interpretacias ewevian da cdiloben am kuTx-
iT saerTod areopagitikis Sefasebas, ioane skot eriugena
da nikoloz kuzaneli fsevdo-dionises ufro filosofi-
uri msoflmxedvelobiT sargebloben. rac Seexeba maist-
er ekharts, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am mxriv mas Sualeduri
pozicia ukavia.
naSromis bolo – me-6 Tavi qarTul kulturaze areopa­
gituli moZRvrebis gavlenas exeba. filosofiuri Tvalsaz-
risiT es sakiTxi nakleb mniSvnelovania. magram imis gaTval-
iswinebiT, rom areopagitikas didi gavlena hqonda qarTul
kulturaze, aucileblad CavTvaleT am sakiTxis ganxilva.
aq gadmocemuli da kritikulad aris Sefasebuli im mkvlev-
arTa (S. nucubiZe, S. xidaSeli, v. nozaZe, r. TvaraZe, g. Te-
vzaZe, e. xinTibiZe) naSromebi, romlebSic sagangebod aris
ganxiluli areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena, ZiriTadad,
rusTavelisa da daviT guramiSvilis Semoqmedebaze.
naSromSi Seswavlili, gaanalizebuli da Sefasebulia
Semdegi mTavari sakiTxebi:
1. neoplatonikosebma platonis filosofiidan aRe-
bul sikeTis ideasTan gaaerTianes aristoteles Tvalsaz-
risi miznobriv mizezze da Camoayalibes moZRvreba pirvel
erTze, anu RmerTze, romelic mTeli sinamdvilis safuZve-
lia, srulyofilebis umaRlesi forma, umaRlesi sikeTe da
umaRlesi WeSmaritebaa.

397
 neoplatonuri filosofiis Tanaxmad, pirvelmizezi
(RmerTi) arsebebs qmnis aucileblobiT, arsebebi misgan
aucileblobiT gamomdinareoben. am TvalsazrisiT neopla-
tonizmSi ganmtkicda emanaciuri moZRvreba, romelic sabo­
lood RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis ideamde midis.
emanaciuri moZRvreba ki, upirispirdeba Sua saukuneebis
kreacionizms, romelic aRiarebs RmerTis mier sinamdvilis
Seqmnas droSi arafrisgan. swored emanaciur moZRvrebaze
damyarebiT neoplatonizmi aRiarebs RmerTisa da samya-
ros erTianobis Tvalsazriss, rac renesansis msoflmxed-
velobas erT-erT safuZvlad daedo.
2. neoplatonizmSi aRiarebulia sikeTis absoluturoba
da borotebis arasubstanciuroba. magram plotinem, pla-
tonis msgavsad, boroteba mainc dauSva sikeTis bunebis
gamosamJRavneblad. neoplatonizmis meore didma warmo-
madgenelma proklem ki borotebis yovelgvari poziti-
uri mniSvneloba gaauqma. es Tvalsazrisi gaiziara fsev-
do-dionise areopagelma da daamkvidra igi qristianul
msoflmxedvelobaSi. swored borotebis amgvari gagebiT
gansxvavdeba fsevdo-dionises Tvalsazrisi basili didis
Tvalsazrisisgan.
3. naSromSi dadgenilia areopagituli misticizmis
siaxlove plotines misticizmTan da naCvenebia misi `fi­
losofiur-inteleqtualuri~ xasiaTi, rac adrec iyo Se­
niSnuli. areopagituli misticizmi Seicavs wminda religi-
ur niSnebsac. kerZod, es kargad Cans, roca saubari exeba
locvis rols RmerTis wvdomisTvis.
plotinesTan da areopagitul moZRvrebaSi RmerTis
saboloo wvdoma SesaZlebelia mistikuri Wvretis safuZ-
velze. plotinesa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis misti-
cizmi negatiur Teologias emyareba. swored aq Cans maTi
misticizmis `filosofiur-inteleqtualuri~ xasiaTi. plo-
tine RmerTTan gaerTianebisaTvis moiTxovs abstraqcias,
analogias, negacias, ganwmendas, locvas. areopagitika-

398
Sic negacia da locva aucilebelia RmerTis wvdomisTvis.
plotinesa da areopagitikaSi araa mowodebuli asketizmi
da am sakiTxSic Cans am or moazrovnes Soris siaxlove. am
sakiTxSi msgavsi tendencia SeiniSneba grigol nazianzelis
SemoqmedebaSi.
4. areopagituli moZRvreba mihyveba rogorc plotines
(pirveli erTis daxasiaTeba, rogorc yvelgan myofisa da
amave dros, arsad myofisa, sikeTis monizmi da borotebis
arasubstanciuroba, misticizmi), ise prokles filoso-
fias (azrTa msvlelobis logikuroba, arsebaTa ganlageba
srulyofilebis mixedviT, triada, sikeTisa da borotebis
mimarTeba, borotebis yovelgvari mniSvnelobis gauqmeba,
arsebaTa aucilebeli gamomdinareoba pirvelmizezidan da
ukudabruneba imave aucileblobiT).
areopagitikis originaluroba mJRavndeba negatiuri
Teologiisadmi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis miniWebaSi,
sikeTis miRebisas arsebaTa uunarobaze miTiTebasa da ier-
arqiul sistemaSi usulo arsebebisTvis adgilis miCenaSi.
fsevdo-dionises damsaxurebad unda CaiTvalos qristian-
ul msoflmxedvelobaSi borotebis yovelgvari mniSvnelo-
bis gauqmebis Tvalsazrisis damkvidreba da, agreTve, qris-
tianobisa da neoplatonizmis sinTezis warmatebuli cda,
riTac antikuri filosofiuri memkvidreobis gadarCenis
safuZveli momzadda.
naSromSi naCvenebia, rom proklesa da fsevdo-dionises
TvalsazrisTa damTxveva xSirad erTi wyaroTi – plotines
filosofiis sargeblobiTaa ganpirobebuli.
5. areopagituli moZRvreba winamaval Teologebidan
siaxloves amJRavnebs basili didis, grigol nazianzelisa
da grigol noselis msoflmxedvelobebTan. rogorc basili
didTan, grigol nazianzelsa da grigol noselTan, aseve
fsevdo-dionisesTan RmerTi erTia, romelic mTeli sinam-
dvilis safuZvelia. maT Soris gansxvaveba aris is, rom ka-
padokiel mamebTan RmerTi sinamdviles qmnis arafrisgan

399
(kreacionizmi), areopagitikaSi gvaqvs emanatizmi – pirvel­
mizezidan arsebaTa aucileblobiT gamomdinareoba.
basili didis mixedviT, boroteba aris sikeTis kleba,
asea areopagitikaSic. magram basili didis msoflmxedvelo-
bisgan gansxvavebiT, areopagitikaSi borotebis yovelgvari
pozitiuri mniSvneloba gauqmebulia.
grigol nazianzelis SemoqmedebasTan SedarebiT winga-
dadgmuli nabijia fsevdo-dionises moZRvreba samebaze,
roca samebis samive ipostazi warmodgenilia, rogorc
zearsebuli, zeSemecnebadi da a. S.
grigol noselis mistikuri Tvalsazrisi moqceulia
religiur CarCoebSi da arsebiTad gasxvavdeba plotinesa
da fsevdo-dionises filosofiur-inteleqtualur misti-
cizmisgan.
6. fsevdo-dionise areopagels sinamdvile, dawyebuli
pirveli erTidan, damTavrebuli ugvaro da usaxo arsebe-
biT, gaazrebuli aqvs rogorc erTi mTeli, sadac mkacri
ierarqiaa: saTaveSia yvelaze srulyofili arseba – RmerTi,
xolo boloSi usulo arsebebi. am or ukiduresobas So-
ris arsebebi ganlagebulia srulyofilebis xarisxiT, rac
ufro srulyofilia arseba, miT ufro axlosaa RmerTTan
da, piriqiT.
areopagitikaSi RmerTis daxasiaTeba orgvarad xdeba –
dadebiTad da uaryofiTad. magram es meTodebi RmerTze
saboloo codnas ver iZleva, ris gamoc areopagitikaSi
Semotanilia mistikuri Wvreta da, rac mTavaria da say-
uradRebo, – areopagituli misticizmi `filosofiur-in-
teleqtualuri~ xasiaTisaa. areopagituli misticizmis es
spekulaturi xasiaTi, mis avtors – fsevdo-dionises ga-
nasxvavebs Sua saukuneebis sxva Teologebisgan.
7. areopagitul moZRvrebas didi gavlena hqonda mom-
devno drois msoflmxedvelobriv mimarTulebebze.
1) niSandoblivia, rom wminda Teologebi (maqsime aRm-
sarebeli, ioane damaskeli, Toma akvineli) areopagitikis

400
Teologiur interpretacias ewevian da, rac maTTvis miu-
Rebelia, cdiloben mis misadagebas TeologiasTan. aseT vi-
TarebaSi xSirad areopagitikis avtors iseT azrs miaweren,
rac ar Seesabameba fsevdo-dionises msoflmxedvelobriv
mrwamss. am mxriv sayuradReboa areopagituli mzisa da
RmerTis analogiis maqsime aRmsarebliseuli interpreta-
cia. am interpretaciiT aRmsarebelma areopagitul Tval-
sazriss aucileblobiT ganfenis principi gamoacala, raTa
amiT RmerTis nebelobiT aqtze gaemaxvilebina yuradReba.
am sakiTxSi maqsime aRmsareblis poziciasTan axlosaa Toma
akvinelis Tvalsazrisi.
areopagitul moZRvrebasTan ioane damaskelis msofl­
mxedvelobis garkveuli siaxlove TvalSi sacemia RmerTze
moZRvrebaSi. Tumca RmerTis mier arsebebis warmoqmnis sak-
iTxSi maT Tvalsazriss Soris arsebiTi gansxvavebaa. asevea
sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis sakiTxSic. Tumca dam-
askelTan boroteba sabolood adamianTan aris dakavSire-
buli, rac ar gvxdeba areopagitikaSi.
ioane skot eriugena da nikoloz kuzaneli areopagi-
tikis emanatizms gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevdnen. am
ori moazrovnis msoflmxedvelobaSi kargad Cans areop-
agituli emanatizmis didi gavlena.
maister ekharti, marTalia, neoplatonur-areopagitul
emanatizmis aviTarebs, magram masTan didi adgili eTmoba
RmerTis transcendentizmsac. am mxriv ekharti agrZelebs
neoplatonuri filosofiis tradiciebs, sadac, a. Stoklis
SeniSvniT, adgili hqonda emanatizmisa da transcenden-
tizmis Tvalsazrisis Seguebis amao cdas.
2) areopagitul moZRvrebas didi gavlena hqonda qar-
Tul kulturaze. araerTi gamokvleviT dasturdeba areopa­
gitikis gavlena rusTavelis `vefxistyaosanze~ (sikeTis
monizmi da borotebis arasubstancireba, RmerTi, rogorc
erTarseba erTi, `mziani Rame~ da `uJamo Jami~), daviT gu-
ramiSvilis Semoqmedebaze, qarTul ideologiaze da sxv.

401
 8. dasasrul ki unda aRiniSnos, rom areopagitikaSi,
kerZod, mis filosofiur nawilSi, gaziarebulia Rmer-
Tisa da samyaros erTianobis neoplatonuri Tvalsazrisi
emanatizmis safuZvelze. am Tvalsazriss didi mniSvneloba
hqonda sakacobrio kulturisaTvis, ramdenadac is safuZ-
vels umzadebda renesansul msoflmxedvelobas. renesan-
sis erT-erTi mTavari idea xom amqveyniuris Rirebulad
gamocxadebaa. amqveyniuris Rirebulad gamocxadebis Teo-
riul safuZvels ki, RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis aRia­
reba warmoadgens. aqedan cxadia, Tu ratom miakuTvneben
aseT did rols areopagitul moZRvrebas Semdgomi drois
kulturisTvis zogadad da renesansuli msoflmxedvelob-
isTvis kerZod.
imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom areopagituli Txzulebebis
avtorobis problema dResac aqtualuria, naSromSi pirvel
Tavad warmodgenilia es sakiTxi.

402
 A R E O P A G I T I C S *1

PHILOSOPHICAL WORLD OUTLOOK.

PHILOSOPHICAL AND RELIGIOUS SOURCES. INFLUENCES.

Summary

The work consists of an introductory article, six chapters and general

conclusions.
The work deals with the problem of authorship of the most impor-
tant religious-philosophical doctrine of the 5-6th centuries – the Areop-
agitics, as well as philosophical world outlook of the Areopagitics, its
philosophical and religious sources (Neo-Platonism and works of Cap-
padocian Fathers), Areopagitical influences and importance of the Ar-
eopagitics for Georgian culture.
The Areopagitical works created at the joint of the 5-6th centuries
were unduly ascribed to the ecclesiastic figure of the 1st century, member
of the Areopagus of Athens Bishop Dionysius. Centuries later Lorenzo
Valla and Erasmus of Rotterdam questioned the issue of the authorship
of the Corpus Areopagiticum. Since then a multitude of hypotheses as
regards the authorship of the Areopagitics have been worked out and
among them the conception suggested by the Georgian scientist Shalva
Nutsubidze and the Belgian orientalist Ernest Honigmann which states
the identity of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite and the 5th century fa-
mous Georgian ecclesiastic figure Petre the Iberian seems to be best
founded. This conception is known as the Nutsubidze-Honigmann theory.
The main principles of the Nutsubidze-Honigmann theory are ren-
dered in the work and fresh data supporting it are offered.

*1 Translated from Georgian by Marine Ambokadze.

403
 In the 2nd chapter philosophical outlook of the Areopagitics is ana-
lyzed and the Areopagitical theory of God, positive and negative char-
acteristics of God, relation of good and evil, Areopagitical mysticism are
discussed.
Discussing the theory of God we have shown that in the Areopagit-
ics God is one and beings ensue from Him by necessity and due to this
necessity return back to Him.
The research conducted demonstrates that the principle of unity is
given in the Areopagitical doctrine – the first one (God) stands at the
beginning and unspiritual matter which due to the fact of its existence
partakes of God is at the end.
Positive (kataphatic) and negative (apophatic) characteristics of God
occupy a special place in the Areopagitical doctrine. At the same time
according to Pseudo-Dionysius these methods are methods of knowledge
and do not oppose each other since God is more than the knowledge
on Him given by these methods.
Discussing the theory of God in the Areopagitics we have differenti-
ated two kinds of God’s perfection. In particular, perfection of God as the
transcendental which is beyond the reality differs from God-perfection
given in comparison with beings ensuing by necessity from Him.
The work deals with the idea of good in the Areopagitics, its rela-
tion to Plato’s philosophy and Neo-Platonism. It is shown that from the
ontological viewpoint the idea of good is identical with the first cause
(God) in the Areopagitics. At the same time good is as well presented
from moral aspect in the Areopagitics, namely: the essence of good is
stated in relation to evil and absoluteness of good and non-substantiality
of evil are admitted. In this respect Pseudo-Dionysius follows Proclus’s
tradition and in contrast to Plato and Plotinus rejects any positive signifi-
cance of evil. As well it is stressed that interpretation of the interrelation
of good and evil in the Areopagitical doctrine played an important role
in forming the Renaissance and humanist world outlooks.
The relation of the Areopagitical doctrine to Neo-Platonic (Ploti-
nus and Proclus) philosophy is discussed in the 3rd chapter. In order
to achieve this objective we have specially discussed those passages of

404
Plato’s philosophy (absolute and relative One, relation of essence and
non-essence, the idea of good, etc.) which are necessary to understand
Neo-Platonism and the Areopagitical doctrine. In the process of analy-
sis of the interrelation of Plotinus philosophy and the Areopagitics, we
discussed close association of Plotinus mysticism and mysticism of the
Areopagitics and their philosophical-intellectual character.
In discussion of the relation of the Areopagitical doctrine to Pro-
clus’s philosophy, alongside with certain general issues, special attention
is paid to the relation of good and evil. In this respect, close association
of the Areopagitics and Proclus’s philosophy is demonstrated.
It is shown and argued in the work that the Areopagitical doc-
trine is greatly indebted by Plotinus philosophy and that close relation
of viewpoints of Pseudo-Dionysius and Proclus in regard of many issues
is conditioned by one common source – Plotinus philosophy.
Theological sources of the Areopagitics – world outlooks of the Cap-
padocian Fathers (Basil the Great, Gregory of Nazianzus and Gregory of
Nyssa) are discussed in the 4th chapter. Comparative analysis of certain
issues taken from the world outlooks of Cappadocian Fathers (theory of
God, creation, relation of good and evil, the problem of trinity, etc.) and
of the similar issues given in the Areopagitics is carried out.
The work deals with the Areopagitical philosophy but in relation
to theological sources such issues are singled out and discussed which
are on the verge of philosophy and theology and are studied by both of
these world outlooks.
The 5th chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the Areopagitical in-
fluences. Both theologians and philosophers were influenced by it. Theo-
logical (Maximus Confessor, John of Damascus, Thomas of Aquinas) and
more or less philosophical (Eriugena, Meister Eckhart, Nicolas of Cusa)
interpretations of the Areopagitical doctrine are considered.
The 6th chapter deals with the influence and importance of the Ar-
eopagitical doctrine for Georgian culture. Rustaveli’s, David Guramishvili’s
and others heritage is discussed from this aspect.
In the General Conclusions the main results of the research are
summed up.

405
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 Bruner F. Über die tomistische Lehre vom Ursprung der Welt.
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419
 saZieblebi

pirTa saZiebeli

a bergsoni anri 313

avaliani sergi 6
avaliSvili zurab 100, 363
avgustine netari 4, 157, 252,
263, 301, 306, 314, 319,
327, 328, 332, 350, 359
aTinagora aTeneli 188
akvineli (ix. Toma akvineli)
aleqsiZe zaza 46 (sq.)
amalrik beneli 12
ambokaZe marine 403 (sq.)
amirejibi Wabua 45
anaqsagora 350
apolinari 192
arevSatiani sen 46-52
aristotele stagireli 7, 19,
57, 103 (sq.), 104, 105, 140,
159, 166, 194, 277, 312,
314, 324, 350, 358, 383,
386, 389, 397
asmaTi (lit.) 100
b genadi, iRumeni (ix. eikaloviCi
baiervaltesi verner 20
baraTaSvili nikoloz 381, 390
baraTeli besarion 4
bardenheveri oto 11 (sq.), 28,
32
basili didi 4, 16, 40, 95, 157,
164, 187, 192-194, 196-216,
249, 291, 387, 392, 396,
397, 399, 400, 405
berdiaevi nikolai 15, 130 (sq.),
131, 134, 150, 313
biCkovi viqtor 12 (sq.), 13 (sq.),
196 (sq.)
blonski p. 15, 133, 140, 141, 158
boeme iakob 349
bolotovi v. 13 (sq.), 25
bonaventura 333
borgoSi iuzef 319, 327, 328
brabanteli zigier 368, 369
briliantovi aleqsandre
13 (sq.), 14, 15, 79 (sq.),
141, 142, 152, 158, 249,
252, 253, 258, 263, 291,
292, 323
bruneri fernand 314
bruno (ix. jordano bruno)
g
gaioÁ, mowese 22
gawerelia akaki 4, 13 (sq.), 41
genadi)
germane patriarqi 39
gigineiSvili manana 372, 383,
385
gogiberiZe mose 292 (sq.), 372
gorgaZe sergi 3-5, 8, 362, 363
grigol nazianzeli 5, 16, 157,
164, 187, 192-194, 196, 199,
214, 216-234, 236-240, 265,

420
 266, 291, 396, 397, 399,
400, 405
grigol noseli 4, 16, 157, 164,
187, 194, 196, 199, 214,
240, 241, 256, 291, 302,
396, 397, 399, 400, 405
grigol RvTismetyveli (ix.
grigol nazianzeli)
gumilevski filaret 25
guramiSvili daviT 22, 45, 381,
389, 390, 401, 405
d eriugena (ix. ioane skot
daviT anhaRTi (uZleveli) 46-
52
daviT aRmaSenebeli 387
damaskeli (ix. ioane damaskeli)
daviT dinanti 12, 350
danelia sergi 46
dante aligieri 368, 369, 386
dempfi aleus 18
divnosi (ix. fsevdo-dionise
areopageli)
dimofiloÁsi, mowese 22
dinanti (ix. daviT dinanti)
dionise areopageli, aTenis
episkoposi ax. w. I
saukuneSi 25, 28, 30, 31,
403
dionise areopageli,
areopagetikis avtori
(ix. fsevdo-dionise
areopageli)
doelgeri fr. 34.
doroTe, msaxuri 22
drezeke i. 19
dumbaZe nodar 45
e
evnome 192, 218
eikaloviCi genadi (genadi,
iRumeni) 383, 384
ekharti iohan 4, 12, 21, 22, 96,
137 (sq.), 257, 322, 330-349,
397, 401, 405
enea gazeli 26, 27, 31
enuqaSvili samson 3 (sq.), 34
epifanoviCi s. 13 (sq.)
erazm roterdameli 25, 403
eriugena)
efrem mcire 3, 8, 22, 23, 44,
258, 276, 361, 389
v
vaJa-fSavela 381, 390
varaz-bakuri, qarTlis mefe 35
vardi xaim 34
vaxtang VI (1675-1737),
qarTlis mefe 43
veertci hainrix 271, 272, 327,
377
vertelovski aleqsandr 291
vindelbandi vilhelm 10, 17,
105
z
zamstagi karl 291
zaqaraZe lali 4
zaqaria ritori 26-28, 31, 32,
35, 41
zaqaria qarTveli 28, 36, 41, 42
zenoni, bizantiis imperatori
(474-491) 42
421
 T ioane RvTismetyveli 22
Talesi 350
TevzaZe guram 4, 5, 39, 43, 44,
292 (sq.), 314, 330, 331,
334, 335, 338, 349, 359,
387, 388, 397
Teimuraz bagrationi 372, 373
Teodosi ierusalimeli 33
TvaraZe revaz 4, 45, 46 (sq.),
51, 52, 378-381, 388, 397
Toma akvineli 5, 21, 22, 257,
272, 273, 312-325, 327-330,
350, 377, 397, 400, 401, 405
i 372, 383
iambliqosi 165
iereTeosi 33
ivanka e. 12 (sq.), 34
imedaSvili gaioz 372
inaniSvili revaz 45
ioane aleqsandrieli 28, 31
ioane damaskeli 4, 21, 22, 45,
123 (sq.), 160, 216 (sq.),
257, 275-291, 391, 397, 400,
401, 405
ioane italosi 9, 12, 96
ioane lazi 30, 32, 33, 35
ioane maxarebeli (bibl.) 242
ioane oqropiri 4, 227, 361
ioane petriwi 8-10, 31, 88 (sq.)
96, 97, 160 (sq.), 192-194,
350, 361, 364, 366, 387
ioane rufusi 29, 41
ioane skot eriugena (eriugena)
4, 10, 12, 21, 22, 96, 257,
258, 287, 291-312, 322, 332,
333, 393, 397, 401, 405
ioane filiponi,
aleqsandrieli 27, 33
422
ioane SavTeli 45
ioseliani platon 8
iubenali, ierusalimis
patriarqi 41
iustin wamebuli 188, 189
iustiniane I (518-527),
bizantiis imperatori 105
k
kanti imanuel 140, 312
kapustini mixail 34, 46
kasireri ernest 334
kekeliZe korneli 8, 37, 41, 46,
kiknaZe zurab 381, 382, 388
kliment aleqsandrieli 189,
190, 195, 249, 333
koplataZe gvanca 39, 40-42, 44
koplstoni frederik 187-191
korbo virjilio 36
koxi hugo 12 (sq.), 18, 20, 25,
158, 164, 165, 183, 213
kremeri klaus 10, 18, 20, 312,
313, 323
kronosi 381
kuzaneli (ix. nikoloz
kuzaneli)
l
laibnici vilhelm 349
leonti bizantieli 27, 31
lolaSvili ivane 4, 41, 46
lorenco vala 25, 403
losevi aleqsei 10, 11, 34, 46,
99, 102 (sq.), 106, 123 (sq.),
228, 229, 234-236, 388
loski vladimir 13 (sq.), 194-
196, 199
luTeri martin 14, 17, 322
 m nucubiZe Salva 3-5, 8, 10, 11,
maiorovi genadi 196, 197, 199,
221
maister ekharti (ix. ekharti
iohan)
makari mesxi 36
mari niko 8-10, 366
markoz maxarebeli (bibl.) 242
marsilio fiCino 94, 97
martinovi a. 252, 254, 255
marciani aristidis 188
maqsime aRmsarebeli 4, 21, 22,
39, 257-262, 264-271, 273-
275, 291, 292, 300, 301,
333, 334, 377, 397, 400,
401, 405
maWavariani marine 4
medvedevi i. 102 (sq.), 103 (sq.),
meliqseTbegi leon 34
mirandola piko de la 94, 97
miuleri h. 323
miqael fselosi (fselosi
miqael) 9, 12
mose winaswarmetyveli (bibl.)
198, 248, 249
murvanosi (ix. petre iberi)
n 188, 189, 194, 196-198, 216,
nadiraZe giorgi 372
naTaZe nodar 313, 314, 321, 323,
324, 389
nemsaZe mixeil 4
nesmelovi v. 245-250
nikoloz kuzaneli (kuzaneli)
4, 13, 18, 19, 21, 22, 94,
98, 257, 269, 303, 317, 322,
349-360, 397, 401, 405
nikoloz meToneli 163
nozaZe viktor 4, 376, 377, 378,
383, 388, 397
14, 17-20, 25-28, 30-32, 34,
35, 41, 44, 49, 52, 93, 94,
96, 97, 105, 106, 165-167,
185, 292 (sq.), 331, 333-335,
363-369, 370, 378, 382, 388,
397, 403
o
origene 10, 26, 157, 189-192, 194
orlovi vl. 34, 46
p
pavle mociquli (bibl.) 31, 238,
332
pavle, moZRvari 27
parmenide 120
petre 29
petre iberi (murvanosi) 3 sq.,
4, 10, 13 (sq.), 17, 27, 28,
30-44, 51, 52, 363, 367-369,
403
petre mociquli (bibl.) 242
platoni 7, 15, 17-19, 26, 27, 96,
102 (sq.), 103 (sq.), 104,
105, 107-117, 119-128, 140,
159, 160, 165, 166, 185,
219, 237, 270, 282, 293,
300, 310, 312, 314, 323-326,
347, 350, 381, 386, 396-398,
404, 405
plotine 7, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18,
20, 30, 40, 45, 67, 86, 91,
93, 95, 98, 104, 105, 107,
112, 113, 115, 116, 118-120,
128-129, 130 (sq.), 131-142,
145, 150, 152, 154-161, 164,
165, 167, 169-173, 176-181,
184-186, 196, 197, 208, 209,
423
 215-217, 220, 222, 226, 227,
231, 239, 255, 256, 270,
283, 288, 289, 291, 295,
299, 308, 323, 325-327, 331,
337, 352, 379, 390, 393,
394, 396, 398-400, 404, 405
polikarpoÁ, mRvdelmTavari 22
popovi i. 14, 17, 158, 255
pregeri v. 18, 20, 170 (sq.), 291,
330, 332
prokle diadoqosi 8, 9, 12
(sq.), 14, 17-20, 25-27, 30,
31, 57, 58, 72, 74, 77, 78,
84, 86, 89 (sq.), 91, 93, 95,
96, 107, 120, 121, 128, 158,
159-186, 214-216, 283, 307,
310, 323, 325, 326, 350,
365, 392, 396, 398, 399,
404, 405
prokofi gazeli 26, 27, 31
proxorovi g. 13 (sq.)
pulxeria, bizantiis dedofali
41
J
Jilsoni etien 217, 228
r 376
raseli bertran 17, 312, 316
rafava maia 383, 385
riteri hainrix 13 (sq.), 14, 160,
194, 199, 293, 323
roki rene 34
rusTaveli SoTa 8, 22, 45, 95,
97, 99-101, 296 (sq.), 326,
331, 364, 365-376, 378-390,
392, 393, 395, 401, 405
424
s
saba gawmindeli 38
sabaSnikovi mixail 330
sarajiSvili aleqsandre 372
sergios reSaineli 51
sidorova s. 34, 46
sozomeni 192
skvorcovi k. 11 (sq.), 25
smirnovi i. 11 (sq.),
sokolovi vasil 34, 46, 298
sopatroÁsi, mRvdeli 22
speranski mixail 199
spinoza benediqt 140
stagireli (ix. aristotele)
sumbaZe denisa 4
t
tatarski i. 291
tertuliane 188, 333
timoTe eluri 42
tite (bibl.) 80, 143
tite, mRvdelmTavari 22
f
farari f. 192, 241
filon aleqsandrieli 19, 26,
60, 140, 141, 165, 191, 255,
florovski g. 217, 221
foelkeri v. 12 (sq.)
fsevdo-dionise areopageli
(divnos) 3 (sq.), 4, 7, 12
(sq.), 16-21, 27, 28, 30, 32-
34, 39, 40, 44-48, 52, 53-70,
73, 75, 77-98, 100, 101, 115,
118, 119, 124, 128-131, 141-
156, 158, 160-165, 167, 169-
173, 177-186, 195, 196, 205,
206, 212-216, 220-222, 226,
 228, 234, 235, 236, 239, Z
240, 256, 258, 260-262, 264,
Zenon gazeli 30
265, 270, 271, 274, 276-
278, 282, 283, 285, 287-289, w
291, 293, 295, 297-300, 306,
wereTeli giorgi 37, 38, 372
310, 315, 316, 319-326, 328,
wereTeli savle 125, 126
329, 331-333, 335, 337, 338,
342, 343, 348, 349, 350, W
354, 357, 359, 362-365, 367,
WeliZe meri 197, 258, 292 (sq.)
368, 375, 377, 378, 380-382,
384-386, 389, 390, 392, 393, x
395, 397-401, 403-405
fselosi (ix. miqael fselosi) xaranauli ana 4
xidaSeli Salva 3-5, 11, 18, 34,
q 38, 45, 61, 94, 97-102, 106,
303, 361, 370-376, 384, 388,
qristlibi Teodor 13 (sq.), 291
389, 392, 397
qumsiSvili dimitri 381, 382
xinTibiZe elguja 4, 29, 39, 40,
y 382-386, 388, 397
yauxCiSvili simon 34 j
yolbaia zaira 258 (sq.)
javaxiSvili ivane 8, 9
S jordano bruno (bruno) 13, 18,
94, 98, 269, 303, 349
SAavTeli (ix. ioane SavTeli)
Seqspiri uiliam 369 h
Stiglmairi iozef 10, 12 (sq.),
hase karl 15, 140, 141, 158, 333,
18, 20, 25, 105, 158, 162-
340
164, 183-185, 213, 214
hegeli 17, 19, 86, 104, 125, 126,
Stokli alfred 137 (sq.), 308,
159, 181, 185, 312, 326
333, 334, 336, 337, 339,
heraklite 385
341, 342, 345, 401
heroni 237
C honigmani ernest 17, 25, 26, 32-
35, 44, 49, 52, 403
Caloiani vazgen 34, 49
horni kornelia 29
CaxruxaZe 22, 45, 365, 389
hungeri h. 12 (sq.)
c huperti hugo 369

celeri eduard 15-17, 82, 104,

138, 160-162, 170, 326, 394

425
 sarCevi

avtorisgan...................................................................................................... 3
Sesavali............................................................................................................ 7

I Tavi. areopagitul TxzulebaTa avtorobis sakiTxi

da nucubiZe-honigmanis Teoria........................................ 25

II Tavi. areopagituli filosofia.................................................. 53

$1. moZRvreba pirvelmizezze (RmerTze)..................................... 53
$2. dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTodebi areopagitikaSi.......... 60
$3. sikeTis idea areopagitikaSi..................................................... 82
1. sikeTe rogorc pirvelmizezi.............................................. 82
2. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba....................................... 84
3. sikeTe da erosi......................................................................... 91
$4. areopagitika da renesansi.......................................................... 94

III Tavi. neoplatonizmi da areopagituli moZRvreba...... 107

$1. platonis filosofia da neoplatonizmi........................... 107
1. arsisa da ararsis sakiTxi................................................... 107
2. erTis problema....................................................................... 113
3. sikeTis problema.................................................................... 126
$2. plotines misticizmi da areopagitika................................ 129
1. plotines misticizmi............................................................. 131
2. areopagituli misticizmi.................................................... 141
$3. prokles filosofia da areopagitika................................. 158
1. winaswari SeniSvnebi................................................................ 158
2. pirvelsawyisi erTis gageba prokles filosofiasa da
areopagitikaSi.......................................................................... 167
3. arsebaTa warmoSoba pirvelmizezidan da
ukudabruneba, triada........................................................... 172
4. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba..................................... 183
daskvna......................................................................................... 185

426
IV Tavi. kapadokiel mamaTa msoflmxedveloba da
areopagitika............................................................................ 187
$1. basili didi.................................................................................... 192
1. basili didis msoflmxedvelobis Sefaseba................... 192
2. areopagitikis mimarTeba basili didis
msoflmxedvelobasTan........................................................... 198
3. sikeTe da boroteba............................................................... 207
daskvna......................................................................................... 216
$2. grigol nazianzeli..................................................................... 216
1. moZRvreba RmerTze................................................................. 218
1) RmerTis wvdoma................................................................... 224
2) RmerTisa da mzis analogia............................................ 226
2. samebis Sesaxeb.......................................................................... 228
3. eTikis sakiTxebi....................................................................... 236
$3. grigol noseli............................................................................. 240
1. RmerTi, rogorc erTi........................................................... 242
2. RmerTis mier samyaros Seqmna (Sesaqme).......................... 244
3. adamiani, rogorc RmerTis xati........................................ 250

V Tavi. areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena............................. 257

$1. areopagitika maqsime aRmsareblis komentarebSi............. 257
1. moZRvreba RmerTze................................................................. 259
2. arsebaTa warmoSoba................................................................ 269
3. sikeTe da boroteba............................................................... 273
$2. areopagitika da ioane damaskelis msoflmxedveloba... 275
1. winaswari SeniSvnebi................................................................ 275
2. moZRvreba RmerTze................................................................. 279
3. RmerTisa da samyaros mimarTeba....................................... 282
4. katafatika da apofatika...................................................... 286
5. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba..................................... 289
$3. areopagitika da eriugenas filosofia.............................. 291
1. moZRvreba RmerTze................................................................. 293
2. moZRvreba samebaze................................................................. 300
1. `RvTaebrivi arcodnis~ Sesaxeb.......................................... 304

427
 2. RmerTis mier arsebaTa Seqmna............................................ 306
3. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba..................................... 309
$4. areopagitika da Toma akvinelis msoflmxedveloba...... 312
1. moZRvreba RmerTze................................................................. 316
2. moZRvreba Seqmnaze................................................................. 322
3. sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba..................................... 326
$5. areopagitika da maister ekhartis msoflmxedveloba.. 330
1. ekhartis msoflmxedvelobis wyaroebi............................ 332
2. ekhartis moZRvreba RmerTze............................................. 335
3. arsebaTa warmoSoba................................................................ 339
4. misticizmi ekhartis moZRvrebaSi..................................... 343
$6. areopagitika da nikoloz kuzanelis filosofia.......... 349
1. areopagitikasTan nikoloz kuzanelis filosofiis
mimarTebis ZiriTadi momentebi......................................... 350
1) RmerTis daxasiaTeba......................................................... 351
2) RmerTis gaSla sinamdvileSi.......................................... 355
2. RmerTze moZRvrebasTan dakavSirebuli sxva
sakiTxebi.......................................................................................... 357
1) absoluturi minimumi da maqsimumi,
dapirispirebulTa damTxveva........................................ 357
2) ganswavluli arcodnis Sesaxeb..................................... 358
3) ara-sxvas Sesaxeb................................................................. 359

VI Tavi. areopagitika da qarTuli kultura.......................... 361

saerTo daskvnebi.......................................................................... 396

reziume............................................................................................. 403
literatura................................................................................... 406
saxelTa saZiebeli........................................................................ 420

428
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nestan bagauri
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