baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti

filosofiis departamenti

qarTuli filosofiuri
azris istoria

I tomi

oTxtomeulis meore gamocemis ideis avtori da

redaqtori mixeil maxaraZe

 
gamomcemloba `universali~
Tbilisi 2013
 UDK (uak) 1(479.22)(09)
q-279

piveli tomi moicavs qarTuli filosofiuri azris isto-

rias IV-XII saukuneebSi. masSi qarTvel moazrovneebTan erTad
mniSvnelovani adgili aqvT daTmobili im filosofosebsa da
RvTismetyvelebs (platoni, aristotele, plotine, prokle, fsev-
do-dionise areopageli, maqsime aRmsarebeli, ioane damaskeli),
romelTa Tvalsazrisebsac didi gavlena hqonda gansaxilveli
periodis qarTul filosofiursa da msoflmxedvelobriv azr-
ze; gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba neoplatonizms, rogorc
qarTuli filosofiuri azris mimarTulebis ganmsazRvrels mis
adreul periodSi.
naSromSi, qarTvel filosofosTagan vrclad arian warmo-
dgenilni _ efrem mcire, arsen iyalToeli, ioane petriwi da
poeti-moazrovne _ SoTa rusTaveli.
winamdebare tomSi danarTis saxiT Sevida, agreTve, ivane
javaxiSvilis ori statia, romelic Tavisi SinaarsiTa da dani-
SnulebiT qarTul filosofiur problematikasTan aris dakav-
Sirebuli.

mTavari redaqtori: akad. Salva xidaSeli

saredaqcio kolegia: a. afaqiZe

T. buaCiZe
g. TevzaZe (mT. redaqtoris moadgile)
m. maxaraZe (pasuxismgebeli mdivani)
n. WavWavaZe
m. WeliZe
pirveli tomis redaqtorebi:
akad. Salva xidaSeli
filos. mecn. doqtori mixeil maxaraZe
 

© m. maxaraZe, 2013 

gamomcemloba `universali~, 2013

Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 2 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30
E-mail: universal@internet.ge

ISBN 978-9941-17-944-0

  2
 qarTuli filosofiuri azris istoriis
oTxtomeuli meore gamocemis Taobaze

qarTul filosofias xangrZlivi da mdidari tradi-

cia aqvs da igi me-4 saukunidan iwyeba. qarTulma filoso-
fiam da filosofiurma azrma gansakuTrebul simaRleebs
XI-XII da XIX-XX saukuneebSi miaRwia.
am miRwevebisa da im droisTvis (gasuli saukunis 80-
iani wlebi) qarTuli filosofiis erTob maRali donis
gaTvalsiwinebiT, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis
prezidiumis 1986 wlis 30 ianvris specialuri dadgenile-
biT, akademiis filosofiis instituts daevala qarTuli
filosofiuri azris istoriis oTxtomeulis momzadeba.
am miznis misaRwevad gamoiyo Sesabamisi finansebi.
oTxtomeulis mTavari redaqtoroba daevala akad.
Salva xidaSels, xolo misi gardacvalebis (1994) Semdeg,
akad. guram TevzaZes.
aqve SevniSnavT, rom am saSuri erovnuli saqmis wa-
momwyebebi iyvnen akademiis maSindeli prezidenti akad. ev-
geni xaraZe da vice-prezidenti akad. andria afaqiZe. a.
afaqiZe bolomde yuradRebiT adevnebda Tvals saqmis
viTarebas.
oTxtomeulis momzadeba dagegmili grafikiT mimdi-
nareobda, magram gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi saqarTve-
loSi ganviTarebulma movlenebma gamocemis momzadeba Se-
aferxa. problemebi Seiqmna dafinansebis kuTxiTac. amito-
mac garkveuli droiT Seferxda oTxtomeulis momzadeba
da gamocema. sabednierod aRmoCndnen adamianebi, romelTa
SemweobiTac moxerxda me-3 da me-4 tomebis gamocema. rac
Seexeba I toms, igi saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis
dafinansebiT gamoica jer kidev 1996 wels, me-2 tomi ki
gamoica 2008 wlis rusTavelis fondis grantiT.
oTxtomeulis II-IV tomebis momzadeba gamosacemad
ki ganxorcielda saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli
akademiis grantebiT.
oTxtomeulis gamocema dasrulda 2010 wels (I t.
1996, II t. 2010, III t. 2008, IV t. 2003).

3
 oTxtomeulis sxvadasxva dros gamocemam garkveu-
lad Seaferxa misi erTianobaSi aRqma. didi ZalisxmeviT
moxerxda 50-mde kompleqtis Tavmoyra da am gziT igi
xelmisawvdomi gaxda Cveni qveynis wamyvani biblioTeke-
bisa da calkeuli pirovnebisTvis.
qarTuli filosofiuri azris istoriis oTxtomeu-
li gamocemisTavanve bibliografiul iSviaTobad iqca da
misi xelmeored gamocema aucilebeli gaxda.
oTxtomeulis me-2 gamocemaSi garkveuli koreqtivi
SevitaneT. ase magaliTad, I toms gaukeTda reziume (in-
glisur enaze) da pirTa saZiebeli. IV toms ki daemata
axali Tavi _ anarqizmi saqarTveloSi.
me-2 gamocemis I tomSi ki iv. javaxiSvilis statiebi
calke Tavis nacvlad Sevida danarTebis saxiT.
amis garda, zogierTi statia umniSvnelod Semcirda,
radganac es adgilebi erT SemTxvevaSi ar exeboda qarTu-
li filosofiis istorias, meoreSi ganmeorebas hqonda
adgili da sxva.
gaTvaliswinebuli iqna isic, rom oTxtomeuli
ZiriTadad moicavs qarTuli filosofiuri azris
istorias IV saukunidan XX saukunis 90-iani wlebis Sua
xanebamde da masSi asaxuli ar aris is movlenebi, romle-
bic bolo 15-20 wlis ganmavlobaSi moxda qarTul filo-
sofiaSi. amitomac mizanSewonilad CaiTvala mokle mimo-
xilviTi narkvevis damateba me-4 tomSi.

mixeil maxaraZe

4
 Sesavali

I
qarTuli filosofiis istoria mecnierebis Seda-
rebiT axali dargia.
sakmaod didi xnis manZilze, mas Semdeg, rac qar-
Tuli mwerloba Seswavlis sagnad iqca, qarTuli fi-
losofiuri azrovneba qarTuli mwerlobis erT-erTi
dargis mimoxilvis sagnad rCeboda. amgvari mimoxilve-
bis magaliTia anton bagrationis ,,wyobilsityvao-
ba”(XVIII s.), ioane bagrationi ,,mcire uwyeba qarTvela-
Ta mweralTaTvis”11da solomon dodaSvilis ,,mokle
ganxilva QqarTuli literaturisa (anu sityvierebi-
sa)”22(XIX s-is pirveli mesamedi).
qarTuli filosofiis calke dargad gamoyofa da
misi mecnieruli Seswavlis dasawyisi niko maris saxel-
Tan aris dakavSirebuli da XX s-is aTian wlebs gane-
kuTvneba. misi gamokvleva _ ,,ioane petriwi XI_XII ss-is
qarTveli neoplatonikosi” maRal mecnierul donezea
Sesrulebuli da qarTuli filosofiis istoriis, ro-
gorc mecierebis, dadgenaSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWi-
ravs. am naSromma ara mxolod ioane petriwis Semoq-
mdebaSi, aramed am epoqis mTel qarTul saazrovno mem-
kvidreobaSi naTeli gaxada antikuri filosofiis
Rrma kvali. rogorc n. mari werda, amdroindeli qar-
Tveli sazogadoeba sxvebze da, kerZod, evropelebze
adre exmaureboda mowinave filosofiur mimdinareo-
bebs, rasac is upiratesoba hqonda, rom antikur filo-
sofiur Zeglebs uSualod dednebSi ecnoboda da sani-
muSo filologiuri kritikiT iyo SeiraRebuli3.3
aranaklebi mniSvneloba hqonda n. maris erTi
wlis Semdeg gamoqveynebul naSroms, sadac ganxiluli
iyo neoplatonizmis mniSvnelobis sakiTxi saerTod
epoqis qarTul saazrovno viTarebaSi da, kerZod, SoTa

5
rusTavelis filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis Camoya-
libebaSi. kvlevis ,,gansakuTrebuli sfero SeiZleba
Seadginos, _ werda n. mari, _ neoplatonizmis gavlenis
sakiTxma, romelic gaifurCqna saqarTveloSi swored
XI_XII ss-Si” da gaafarTova Q,,qarTuli sazogadoebis
gonebrivi horizonti”; xeli Seuwyo literaturuli
urTierTobebis gaRrmavebas ara mxolod bizantiasTan,
saidanac es moZRvreba Semovida saqarTveloSi, aramed
aRmosavleTis mahmadianur samyarosTan4.4
n. mari neoplatonizmis gavlenis did kvals xe-
davda rusTavelis ,,vefxistyaosanSi”. xolo neoplato-
nizmis roli imdroindel qarTul azrovnebaSi misi
azriT, imdenad iyo mniSvnelovani, rom SeiZleboda
mecnierebaSi ,,qarTuli neoplatonizmi”-s cnebis Semo-
tana. ramdenime wlis Semdeg ivane javaxiSvili werda
neoplatonizmze, rogorc imdroindeli qarTuli fi-
losofiuri azrovnebis mTavar da yvelaze mniSvnelo-
van mimdinareobaze da TviT qarTul filosofiur az-
rovnebaze, rogorc im epoqis mowinave qarTuli azrov-
nebis ,,umwvervales xarisxze”.
sayuradReboa, rom qarTuli kulturuli ganviTa-
rebis aRmavloba XI_XII ss-is saqarTveloSi pirvelad
iv. javaxiSvilma Seadara evropul renesanss da misi
niSnebi elinizmisadmi Zlier interessa da filosofi-
uri ganviTarebis maRal doneSi dainaxa. qarTuli sa-
zogadoeba ,,daewafa im cxovelmyofel elinizms, rom-
lis Rrma da safuZvlianma Seswavlam dasavleT evropa-
Si egreT wodebuli ,,renesansi” warmoSva. saqarTvelom
es moZraoba ukve XII s-is dasawyisSi daiwyo, magram mi-
si moZraoba monRolTa Semosevam Seaferxa”5.5
1914 wels sergi gorgaZem (1876-1929) gamosca ioane
petriwis mier qarTulad Targmnili cnobili neopla-
tonikosis nemesios emeselis (IVs.) Txzuleba ,,bunebi-
saTvis kacisa”. darTul gamokvlevaSi laparakia nemesi-
osis mniSvnelobaze Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi, ioane

6
petriwsa da mis mniSvnelobaze neoplatonur mimarTu-
lebaSi”, romelmac ,,XI_XII saukuneebSi mecnierulad
moazrovne qarTul wreebSi fexi moikida da gaZlier-
da”6.6gamocemas erTvis leqsikoni da saZieblebi.
filosofiuri azrovnebis aRorZinebisa da erov-
nuli filosofiuri memkvidreobis Seswavlis Tvalsaz-
risiT didi mniSvneloba hqonda Tbilisis universite-
tis daarsebas (1918 w.), romelic Tavdapirvelad erTa-
derTi _ ,,sibrZnismetyvelebis, anu safilosofoso fa-
kultetiT” iyo warmodgenili.
universitetis gaxsnidan ramdenime Tvis Semdeg
sergi gorgaZis, dimitri uznaZisa da ioseb yifSiZis
iniciativiT daarsda ,,petriwis saxelobis safiloso-
foso sazogadoeba”. pirvel sxdomaze (Tavmjdomareob-
da s. gorgaZe) damtkicda wevrTa Semadgenloba da sa-
zogadoebis wesdeba. wevrTa Soris iyvnen filosofiis
cnobili specialistebi _ dimitri uznaZe, Salva nucu-
biZe da sergi danelia. wesdeba iTvaliswinebda ,,filo-
sofiuri codnis gavrcelebas qarTvel erSi”, ,,Seswav-
las, gamokvlevas da gamoqveynebas Zveli qarTuli fi-
losofiuri literaturisa”7,7moxsenebaTa kiTxvas, leq-
ciebs da specialuri kursebis mowyobas, gansakuTrebu-
li biblioTekis daarsebas, perioduli da araperiodu-
li gamocemebis gamoyenebas da saukeTeso filosofiu-
ri naSromebisaTvis jildos daniSvnas.
aRsaniSnavia s. gorgaZis ori gamokvleva: “filo-
sofiis mTavari dargebi qarTul mwerlobaSi (masalebi
Zveli qarTuli safilosofio literaturis istorii-
saTvis)”8,8romelSic qarTulad Targmnili filosofiu-
ri Zeglebis xelnawerebia sistemaSi moyvanili da mi-
moxiluli (1. logika, 2. fsiqologia da metafizika, 3.
sayofaqceo filosofia, 4. esTetika) da ,,neoplatonuri
filosofiis erTi uZvelesi kvalTagani qarTul mwer-
lobaSi (fsevdo-dionise areopagelis TxzulebaTa qar-
Tuli Targmani)”9.9mkvlevari areopagituli korpusis

7
efrem mcires mier Sesrulebul Targmans gansazRvravs
XI saukunis ukanaskneli meoTxediT (1080-1100 wlebs So-
ris)”10.10
mkvlevris sityviT, qarTvel mkiTxvelTa da mwig-
nobarTa wreebSi sakmaod gavrcelebula azri, rom am
TxzulebaTa avtori “platonuri filosofosi” yofi-
la11.11
s. gorgaZis gamokvleviT gafarTovda codna neop-
latonuri filosofiis gavrcelebis areze saqarTve-
loSi da, rac ufro mniSvnelovania, pirvelad man miaq-
cia yuradReba areopagituli moZRvrebis faqtsa da
mniSvnelobas qarTuli filosofiuri azris istoria-
Si. Semdeg, rogorc vnaxavT, areopagitika da masTan mi-
marTebaSi myofi sakiTxebi qarTuli filosofiis isto-
riis erT-erT ZiriTad problemad iqca.
k. kekeliZem marTebulad gaiziara imdroindel
qarTul mecnierebaSi gamoTqmuli mosazreba: ,,ioane
petriwi, _ werda is, _ erTi im pirTgania, romelnic
XI_XII ss. cdilobdnen qarTul enaze gadmoeRoT aris-
toteles Tu sxva filosofosebis, ufro ki neoplato-
nikosebis, nawerebi, xSirad ganmartebaTa TandarTvi-
Tac”12.12neoplatonizmma, avtoris sityviT, moipova mra-
vali mimdevari ,,qristianTa Sorisac”; es moZRvreba
XI_XII saukuneebis saqarTveloSic gadmoinega da didi
,,gasavali hqonda eklesiur mwerlobaSic”: am moZRvre-
bam _ ,,mogvca iseTi bumberazi neoplatoniki, rogori-
caa ioane petriwi”. neoplatonizmi “miRebuli yofila
ara eklesiurad moazrivne wreebSic” da ,,didi gavlena
mouxdenia rusTavelze” (,,SesamCnevi kvali dautovebia
mis TxzulebaSic”)13.13
qarTuli filosofiuri azris istoriis da, ker-
Zod, rusTavelis filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis
Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT, didi mniSvneloba unda hqo-
noda erT-erTi cnobili qarTveli moRvawisa da mecnie-
ris, magram xSirad ignorirebuli pirovnebis _ zurab

8
avaliSvilis naSroms, sadac pirvelad vxvdebiT rusTa-
velis rigi mniSvnelovani msoflmxedvelobrivi Sexe-
dulebis fsevdo-dionise areopagelis mTavari Txzule-
bis safuZvelze axsnis cdas. avtori exeba ,,vefxistya-
osnis” adgils, sadac RmerTi moazrebulia, rogorc
yofili, myofi, uTqmeli yurTgan mousmenli”, imowmebs
rusTavelis Semdeg sityvebs:
asmaT Tqva: ,,RmerTo, romeli ar iTqmi kacTa eni-
Ta, Sen xar savseba yovelTa, agvavseb mzeebr feniTa;
gaqo viT gaqo, ra vaqo. ar saqebelo eniTa”.
da wers: ,,sityvebi tarielis erTguli da gulSe-
satkivari megobrisa pirdapiri aRsarebaa; masSi vgoneb
gadmocemulia _ Cveulebrivi ZaliT da plastikiT _
iseTi saRvTismetyvelo nawerTa azrebi, rogoricaa e.w.
dionise areopagelis wigni ,,saRmrToTa saxelTaTvis”.
avtorisTvis cnobilia, rom es Txzuleba istori-
ulma tradiciam pavle mociqulis Tanamedrove dionise
areipagelis miawera, xolo namdvilad is Cveni wel-
TaRricxvis V-VI saukuneebSi unda iyos dawerili, ro-
desac neoplatonizmi, Zveli elinuri azrovnebis uka-
naskneli Rvawli, qristianuli Teologiis iaraRad iq-
ca. cnobilia isic, rom ,,am wignis gavlena da saxeli
didi iyo aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTSi”, kerZod, XI s-
is bizantiaSi, da rom am ,,areopagelis” Txzuleba da
misgan damokidebuli sxva Txzulebani saqarTveloSic
iyvnen gavrcelebulni”.
,,am traqtatis is azri, _ askvnis avtori, _ rom
RmerTia yvelaferi: ca, miwa, mze, varskvlavebi, qva da
sxva ideurad Tundac avTandilis mnaTobTa mimarT
locvasac ,,amarTlebda”. xolo amgvari ,,gamarTleba”
xom srulebiT zedmeti iyo”14.14
yvelaferi, rac aqamde iTqva, Zalian mniSvnelova-
ni, magram mainc mxolod mosamzadebeli muSaoba iyo
imisTvis, rom qarTuli filosofiis istoria Camoyali-
bebuliyo, rogorc mecnierebis damoukidebeli dargi

9
da ara mxolod qarTvelologiis, aramed rogorc
msoflio filosofiis istoriis erT-erTi Semadgeneli
nawili. am amocanis gadawyveta da qarTuli filosofi-
is istoriis, rogorc mecnierebis, dafuZneba gamoCeni-
li qarTveli mecnieris Salva nucubiZis damsaxurebaa.
S. nucubiZis pirveli naSromi, romelic qarTuli
filosofiis istoriis sakiTxebs exeba, ekuTvnis 30-iani
wlebis meore naxevars da dakavSirebulia SoTa rus-
Tavelis msoflmxedvelobis garkvevis cdebTan. mecni-
erebis winaSe am dros dadga amocana _ aRdgeniliyo
yovelmxrivi suraTi epoqisa, romelSic Seiqmna ,,vef-
xistyaosani”, da am amocanasTan erTad, garkveuliyo
sakiTxi am ideuri viTarebisa, romelmac gansazRvra
rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis Taviseburebani. ro-
gorc S. nucubiZe erT-erT adrindel naSromSi werda,
_ ganxiluliyo Zveli qarTuli literaturis sakiTxe-
bi da maT Soris, ,,vefxvistyaosani” _ ,,saazrovno ganvi-
Tarebis istoriul perspeqtivaSi”15.15
S. nucubiZem cnobil filolog simon yauxCiSvil-
Tan erTad Seadgina Zveli qarTuli filosofiuri Zeg-
lebis gamocemis farTo gegma. maRal mecnierul done-
zea Sesrulebuli ioane petriwis Sromebis gamocema
(t. II,1937 w; t. I, 1940 w.). gamocemas vrceli Sesavali we-
rilis garda, darTuli aqvs saZieblebi da leqsikone-
bi: berZnul-qarTuli, qarTul-berZnuli, rac mniSvne-
lovnad uwyobs xels petriwis enobrivad da azrobri-
vad rTul teqstSi garkvevas.
S. nucubiZe qarTuli filosofiis istoriis sa-
kiTxebze kvleva-Ziebis dros amodioda debulebidan,
rom msoflio kultura warmoadgens erT mTlian mov-
lenas, romelSic yovel calkeul regions, ersa da
qveyanas Tavisi gansakuTrebuli da Seunacvlebeli ad-
gili aqvs. avtori SeniSnavs, rom ,,kacobriobis kultu-
raTa saganZurebSi” erTi kulturis meore eris kultu-
riT ,,Seunacvleblobis mecnieruli Teza uZlieresi ia-

10
raRia” kosmopoliturobis winaarmdeg da aRmosavlur
xalxTa filosofiam da maT Soris, qarTulma filoso-
fiam, ,,unda hpovos Tavisi misTvis Sesaferisi gamoxa-
tuleba filosifiis mecnierebaSi iseve, rogorc yovel
ers _ didsa Tu pataras, aRmosavleTiT Tu dasavle-
TiT, Tavisi sakuTari, Seunacvlebeli adgili uWi-
ravs”16.16
ori problema, romelsac S. nucubiZe qarTuli
filosofiis istoriasTan dakavSirebiT amuSavebda, Ta-
visi SinaarsiT, SedegebiT da mniSvnelobiT scildeba
qarTvelologiis farglebs da msoflio azrovnebis
istoriuli ganviTarebis sferos ekuTnis. erTia aRmo-
savluri renesansis, meore _ fsevdo-dionisesa da pet-
re iberis identifikaciis Teoria.
renesansi, _ werda S. nucubiZe, _ warmoadgens da-
savleTis mecnierebis erT-erT sadavo problemas da
es, erTi SexedviT, akademiuri sakiTxi, cxare kamaTs
iwvevs: ,,igi gadaiqca dasavleT evropis kulturis fes-
vebis sakiTxad”17 da exeba erovnul kulturul17intere-
sebs da erovnuli upiratesobis dasabuTebis cdebs.
dasavleTis cnobili mecnierebis didi nawili
(miSle, foihti, burkhardti da sxv.) fiqrobs, rom rene-
sansi mxolod dasavluri movlenaa da misi wyaroebi
,,TviT evropaSia koncentrirebuli”. S. nucubiZes amgva-
ri Sexeduleba ,,evrocentrizmis” gamovlenad miaCnia
da mis ara mxolod imanentur kritikas iZleva, aramed
cdilobs uaryos igi aRmosavleTSi renesansuli kul-
turis faqtobrivi dadasturebiT.
S. nucubiZe SeniSnavs, rom zogierTi mecnieri ki-
dev ufro metad aRrmavebs ,,evrocentrizms” da dasav-
leTis azrovnebis Zirebs antikurobaSic uaryofs. mag.,
heningis cdebi mimarTulia iqiT, rom dasavleTis mec-
niereba antikurobisganac gamijnos da problemis arsi
imaze daiyvanos _ romelma ,,sulma” ganapiroba renesan-
sis Taviseburebani, _ germanulma Tu italiurma18.18

11
 aRmosavluri renesansis Teoriis erT-erTi Ziri-
Tadi debuleba renesansis, rogorc garkveuli kultu-
ruli movlenis, filosofiur dasabuTebas exeba. dasav-
leTis mecnierebaSi cnobilia Sexeduleba, rom rene-
sansis filosofias neoplatonizmi warmoadgens. S. nu-
cubiZem es Sexeduleba aRmosavleTis (da kerZod,Qqar-
Tulis) renesansis kulturaze gaavrcela da misi Sina-
arsi gaaRrmava da gaafarTova. renesansuli msof-
lmxedvelobisa da renesansuli humanizmis formireba-
Si gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqonda neoplatonizmis mo-
noTeistur formas, romelic areopagituli moZRvrebis
saxelwodebiT aris cnobili da istoriulad dionise
areopagelis saxelTan iyo dakavSirebuli. cnobilia,
rom neoplatonizmi da areopagituli moZRvrebac kar-
gad iyo cnobili XI_XII ss-is saqarTveloSi.
am Sexedulebam S. nucubiZis winaSe wamoWra dio-
nise aroepagelis saxeliT cnobili Txzulebebis nam-
dvili avtoris sakiTxi da fsevdo-dionisesa da petre
iberis identifikacia. S. nucubiZis gamokvlevam am sa-
kiTxze sruli mxardaWera moipova belgieli mecnieris
ernest honigmanis aRmoCeniT, rasac sensaciuri gamoxma-
ureba mohyva dasavleTis mecnierebaSi.
dasavleTis renesansisa da humanizmis filosofi-
ur safuZvels rom neoplatonizmi warmoadgens, es Se-
xeduleba cnobilia dasavleTis mecnierebaSic da ru-
seTSic. rusTavelis filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis
wyaro, rom neoplatonizmia, rogorc vnaxeT, es azric
adreve iyo cnobili, rac S. nucubiZem ufro gaaRrmava,
Semdgomi dasabuTebani daumata da aRmosavleTis rene-
sansis movlenebzec gaavrcela.
magram qarTuli filosofiis istoriis mecniere-
bis fuZemdebeli moulodneli da didi (Tu xelovnu-
rad gazviadebuli) sirTulis winaSe aRmoCnda. es sir-
Tule imiT iyo gamowveuli, rom sabWoTa mecnierebaSi
neoplatonizmis ukiduresad nihilisturi Sefaseba iyo

12
gabatonebuli. am Sefasebis mixedviT neoplatonizmi
warmoadgenda “monaTmflobeluri sazogadoebis dasas-
rulis dacemuli (упадочной) filosofiis” mimarTule-
bas, ,,antikuri filosofiis daSlisa da vulgarizaci-
is saboloo produqts, da, amave dros, Sua saukuneebis
Teologiis erT-erT mniSvnelovan wyaros. ekleqtika,
mistika, sofistika yvelaze ufro koncentrirebulad
gamoxatulia swored neoplatonizmSi”1919da sxv.
neoplatonizmis amgvari Sefaseba didxans iyo ga-
batonebuli da, cxadia, rom amgvarad gagebuli moZ-
Rvreba ar SeiZleboda yofiliyo renesansuli humaniz-
misa da kerZod, rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis Teori-
uli safuZveli. piriqiT, SeiZleba gamoyenebuliyo, da
gamoiyenes kidec, S. nucubiZis Teoriis kritikisTvis.
Cven qvemoT vnaxavT, rom neoplatonizmis warmod-
genili daxasiaTeba sinamdviles ar Seefereba da sa-
fuZvelsaa moklebuli mecnierebSi gamoTqmuli Sexedu-
lebani, romlebic neoplatonizmis winaaRmdegaa mimar-
Tuli rusTvelologiaSi.

II
qarTuli filosofiis istoria iwyeba Cv. welTaR-
ricxvis IV s-dan da grZeldeba dRevandlamde. mis gan-
viTarebaSi SeimCneva mniSvnelovani da sakmaod xangriZ-
livi wyvetilebic, magram azrovnebis es forma qarTu-
li kulturuli mSeneblobisa da ideologiuri cxov-
rebis organuli nawilia da mWidrodaa masTan dakavSi-
rebuli.
filosofiur azrovnebas win uswrebs azrovnebis
miTologiuri forma da ganekuTvneba antikur winaqris-
tianul xanas. asaxulia is Zvel TqmulebebSi, xelovne-
basa da materialuri kulturis ZeglebSi.
am masalis mixedviT SeiZleba msjeloba amdroin-
del qarTul msoflmxedvelobriv warmodgenebze da

13
adamianis gare  samyarosadmi garkveul faseulobiT da-
mikidebulebaze.
Tqmuleba amiranze II-I aTaseulis gardamavali xa-
nis miTologiuri Zeglia da asaxavs ,,bunebis gadamuSa-
vebas  xalxur fantaziaSi” yvela misi damaxasiaTebeli
TaviseburebiT.
amirani qalRmerT dalisa da mokvdavi monadiris
Svilia. TqmulebaSi am formiTaa gansaxierebuli zeci-
sa da miwis sinTezis idea. amave dros, amirani Tqmule-
baSi RmerTs (zecas) upirispirdeba, RmerTTan mebrZo-
lis saxiT gvevlineba. sikeTis ganxorcielebis gzaze,
romelic amiranma xalxs unda moutanos, is amarcxebs
borot Zalebs, fantastikur urCxulebs, qarTul fol-
klorSi farTod gavrcelebul devebs da sxv.
adrindeli epoqebis faqtebi Semonaxulia ber-
Znul-laTinur da qarTul saistorio wyaroebSi, rom-
lebic adasturebs folklorisa da zepiri xalxuri
Semoqmedebis farTo da Rrma gavrcelebas qarTvel
xalxSi. qsenofonte (430-355 ww.) mogviTxrobs qarTveli
tomebis Cveulebaze, romlebic brZolis win simRerebs
asrulebdnen da mxolod am wesis Sesrulebis Semdeg
gadadiodnen ieriSze; Tavis gamarjvebasac cekviTa da
simReriT aRniSnavdnen20.20
qarTul saistorio wyaroebSi moTxrobilia far-
navazis winaswarmetyveluri sizmari, romelSic man mi-
waze mdebare mze ixila da meore dRes, sanadirod rom
gamovida, iremma miiyvana im gamoqvabulTan, sadac didi
oqros ganZi aRmoCnda. am ganZis wyalobiT man, Tqmule-
bis mixedviT, mefobas miaRwia.
xalxuri warmodgenebiT aris gansazRvruli qar-
Tul saistorio wyaroebSi asaxuli hiperbola, rome-
lic istoriuli gmirebis araCveulebriv fizikur Za-
las gamoxatavs. vaxtang gorgasals jarSi hyolia ise-
Ti goliaTi, romelsac SeeZlo ramdenime lomis Sep-
yroba xeliT, xolo Tavad vaxtang gorgasali ,,umaR-

14
les kacTa mis JamisaTa da uSuenieres saxiTa da Zlie-
ri ZaliTa” _ saWurveliT Semosili daewia fexdafex
irems, rqaze xeli staca da daiWira. meore SemTxvevaSi
man ,,cxeni Wurvili aRiRos mharsa zeda da mcxeTiT
aRvidis cixesa armazisasa”21.21 
qarTuli filosofiis istoriis antikuri perio-
di warmoadgens filosofiuri azrovnebis dasawyiss
saqarTveloSi da axali welTaRricxvis IV saukunes
ganekuTvneba.
Semdegi periodi xangrZlivi da mniSvnelovania _
V s.-dan X s.-mde da Tavis ganviTarebis umaRles mwver-
vals aRwevs XI-XII ss-Si. esaa saqarTvelos ekonomiku-
ri, politikuri da kulturuli aRmavlobis iseTi do-
ne, romelic mecnierebaSi qarTuli renesansis saxeli-
Taa cnobili.
am xangrZliv periods aqvs Tavisi daqveiTebis da
Semdeg xelaxali aRorZinebis saukuneebic, rodesac bi-
zantiis imperiis dangreviT da masTan kulturuli kav-
Siris Sewyvetis Semdeg, axali kulturuli kavSirebi
myardeba dasavleTTan da ruseTTan.
mTeli XIX saukune axali periodia qarTuli fi-
losofiis istoriis ganviTarebaSi. saqarTvelo am
dros ruseTis imperiis nawils warmoadgens da amiTaa
gansazRvruli misi kulturuli kavSirebi rogorc ru-
seTis, ise dasavleTis azrovnebasTan, romelic saqar-
TveloSi ruseTis gziT Semodioda.
bolo periodi (1917 wlidan da, gansakuTrebiT,
qarTuli erovnuli universitetis daarsebidan dRevan-
dlamde) erT-erTi nayofieri da mniSvnelovani xanaa
qarTuli filosofiis istoriaSi. qarTuli filosofi-
uri azrovneba am periodSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, dasavle-
Tis azrovnebis doneze dgeba da safuZvlianad ikvlevs
rogorc klasikuri, ise Tanamedrove filosofiis kar-
dinalur sakiTxebs.

15
 III
filosofiis istoriis Seswavla da mecnieruli
kvleva-Zieba pirvel yovlisa, TviT filosofiis cnebis
garkvevas moiTxovs22.22
filosofia msoflmxedvelobaa, magram gansakuT-
rebuli msoflmxedveloba da, Tu am gansazRvrebis
dros misi specifikuri niSani ar iqna gaTvaliswinebu-
li, rogorc xSirad xdeboda sabWoTa xanis filosofi-
is istoriaSi, iSleba kvali filosofiasa da, meore
mxriv, msoflmxedvelobis iseT formebs Soris, rogo-
ricaa religia da ,,mxatvruli msoflmxedveloba”, ro-
melic aisaxeba mxatvrul literaturaSi gamomsaxvelo-
bis specifikuri saSualebebiT. cnebaTa amgvari aRreva
mraval gaugebrobas iwvevs.
filosofiaSi, msoflmxedvelobis sxva saxeobaTa-
gan gansxvavebiT, samyaro moazrebulia am sityvis saku-
Tari mniSvnelobiT da Sexedulebebi gamoxatulia cne-
bebiT. filosofia, sxvagvarad rom iTqvas, ,,azrebSi ga-
moxatuli da logikurad sistematizirebuli” msof-
lmxedvelobaa. am azriT is mecnierul msoflmxedve-
lobas warmoadgens. am saxiT Camoyalibda filosofia
antikur samyaroSi (Zvel saberZneTSi), am saxiT daupi-
rispirda igi winamorbed miTologiur azrovnebas da
am saxiT gadaeca Sua saukuneebis azrovnebas.
filosofias, rogorc msoflmxedvelobas, mniSvne-
lovani Sexebis wertilebi aqvs miTologiasTanac. am
ukanasknel garemoebas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba
eniWeba qarTuli filosofiis istoriis im monakveTe-
bisTvis, romelic Sua saukuneebis pirobebSi viTardeba
da, rogorc cnobilia, filosofia religiis (monoTe-
izmis) Zlieri gavlenis qveS eqceva.
Tavdapirvelad qristianuli monoTeizmis warmo-
madgenlebi (mociqulebi, apologetebi) antikuri kul-
turisa da filosofiisadmi uaryofiTad iyvenen gan-
wyobilni: ,,sad ars brZeni? sad ars mwignobari? sada

16
ars gamomZiebeli igi amis soflisa” (pavle mociquli,
pirveli korinTelTa, 1,20). antikuri filosofiis raci-
onalizmi miuRebeli iyo rwmenaze dafuZnebuli moZ-
RvrebisTvis, romelmac antikuri filosofiis raciona-
lizmi Secvala debulebiT _ credo  quam  absurdum _
mwams, radganac absurdia (tertuliane).
SemdegSi viTareba Seicvala da monoTeisturi re-
ligiis debulebaTa dasabuTeba istoriul aucileblo-
bad iqca. aqedan daiwyo axali kulturis ,,gaamqveyniu-
reba”, rac arsebiTad rwmenis sferoSi codnis, anu re-
ligiis sferoSi filosofiis ,,SeWras” niSnavda.
im droisTvis, rodesac qarTuli filosofiis is-
toriis uZveles faqtebze gvixdeba saubari, Teologia
sakamaod iyo ,,gaamyqveyniurebuli”23.23
qarTuli filosofiis istoriis winamdebare pir-
veli tomi moicavs periods IV s-dan dawyebuli xva-
razmelTa da monRolTa Semosevamde, romelmac, ro-
gorc iv. javaxiSvili werda, ,,renesansis” ganviTareba
Seaferxa saqarTveloSi.
Sua saukuneebis gabatonebuli azrovneba or
msoflmxedvelobriv debulebas emyareba: samyaros ara-
rasgan Seqmnis ideas da Mmiwieri, amqveyniuri sinamdvi-
lis Rirebulebisa da mniSvnelobis uaryofas. e.w. ,,ma-
maTa kosmologia” agrZelebda platonis Sexedulebas
ori samyaros (Zvel qarTulSi ,,ori soflis“) Sesaxeb,
romelTa Soris erTi ,,umaRles” samyarodaa aRiarebu-
li, meore _ pirvelis ,,ubadruk anareklad”, ,,mdabal”,
grZnobad sinamdviled24.24
l. foierbaxi fiqrobda, rom am debulebebs Soris
mWidro ideuri kavSiri arsebobs winaaRmdeg antikuri
filosofiis erT-erTi ZiriTadi principisa, romlis
mixedviT _ arss aqvs Tavisi mizezi da arsis arseboba
miznobriv aucileblobas emyareba. monoTeisturi Sexe-
duleba _ samyaros RmerTis mier arafris Seqmnis Sesa-

17
xeb, arss SemTxveviT movlenad aqcevs da yovelgvar
Rirebulebasa da mniSvnelobas ukargavs.
sqolastika, _ werda hegeli, _ yuradRebis gareSe
tovebda amqveyniur sinamdviles, rogorc ,,mdabals” da
,,moZulebis” sagans. adamianis goneba Tavis ganxorcie-
lebas ,,poulobda” sxva samyaroSi _ ,,sadRac sxva qve-
yanaSi” da am ,,sxva qveynisken” iyo mimarTuli. amitom,
hegelis sityviT, sqolastikis pirobebSi ar arsebobs
mecniereba, romelic am sinamdviles Seicnobs, xelovne-
ba, romelic ideas grZnobad arsebobas aniWebs, da sa-
marTali, romelic ,,namdvili adamianis aRiarebas” emya-
reba. cnobierebis am formebs da sazogadoebriv urTi-
erTobebs mniSvneloba hqonda ,,ara aq Cvens samyaroSi,
aramed sadRac sxva samyaroSi”.
hegelis Sexedulebani frangi ganmanaTleblis
gavleniT gansazRvruli gazviadebaa. magram aq sayu-
radRebo is mosazrebaa, rom ,,kulturis mTeli progre-
si (Sua saukuneebis pirobebSi _ S.x.) iqiTaa mimarTuli,
rom aRdgenil iqnas rwmena am Cveni samyarosi”25.25es he-
gelis Taviseburad gamoTqmuli Sexeduleba ,,am Cveni
samyaros wyaros aRdgenisa”, Cveni azriT, renesansisa
da humanizmis ZiriTad msoflmxedvelobriv ideas Sead-
gens da aqsiologiuri cnebebiT rom gamoixatos, _ xi-
luli samyaros Rirebulebis aRdgenas gulisxmobs.
vfiqrobT, rom analogiuria engelsis Sexedule-
bani, romelsac renesansi ,,udides progresul gadatri-
alebad” miaCnda da mis ZiriTad Taviseburebas imaSi
xedavda, rom ,,mxolod axla iqna aRmoCenili dedamiwa
am sityvis sakuTari mniSvnelobiT”26.26naTelia, rom am
sityvebSi dedamiwis Rirebulebisa da mniSvnelobis aR-
moCenazea laparaki.
miwieri sinamdvilis Rirebulebis aRiarebis Sesa-
bamisad Seicvala Sexedulebani adamianze, mis sulier
cxovrebasa da amqveyniur arsebobaze. xolo pirobebma,
romelmac renesansi warmoqmna, SesaZlebeli gaxada

18
grZnobadi samyaros aRiarebas farTo gasaqani miscemo-
da da mas filosofiuri dasabuTeba moepovebina.
Tanamedrove mecnierebis monacemebis mixedviT Se-
saZlebelia, rogorc iTqva, hegelis yvela Sexedulebis
gaziareba Sua saukuneebisa da sqolatikis ideur mdgo-
mareobaze. renesansi Sua saukuneebis pirobebSi mzadde-
boda da ,,am Cveni samyaros rwmenis aRdgenisa” da ,,ded-
miwis aRmoCenisaTvis” aucilebeli pirobebi TandaTan
mwifdeboda. dRes aRar SeiZleba daeWveba, rom am dros
iyo mecnierebac, xelovnebac, da samarTalic, da sru-
li safuZvlianobiT SeiZleba laparaki ideuri ganviTa-
rebis am doneze, romelmac renesansisa da humanizmis
warmoqmnisaTvis niadagi Seamzada.
Sua saukuneebis pirobebSi adamiani ar iyo Tavi-
sufali imgvar ltolvaTa da miswrafebebisgan, romle-
biTac is xilul samyarosTan aris dakavSirebuli. es
ki imas nisnavs, rom ar iyo mTlad Tavisufali adamia-
nurisgan27,27ramac Rrma da Tanmimdevruli ganviTareba
renesansis pirobebSi moipova.
mecnierebaSi gamoTqmulia Sexeduleba, rom rene-
sansuli adamianis miswrafeba ,,gadaeqcia buneba adamia-
nis samefod” _ sxvadasaxva drosa da pirobebSi sxva-
dasxvagvarad vlindeba. adrindel xanaSi es tendencia
moqmedebda bunebis esTetikuri aRqmis sferoSi, rac
niSnavda bunebis esTetikuri Rirebulebis aRiarebas
da gansakuTrebuli intensivobiT vlindeboda Semoqme-
debis iseT dargebSi, sadac miwieri sinamdvile uSua-
lo Wvretis, dakvirvebisa da miswrafebis sagans warmo-
adgenda.
mecnierebaSi didi xania SemCneulia, rom Zveli
qarTuli mwerloba doqtriniTa da dogmatizmiT gan-
zasRvrul farglebs scildeba da kulturuli Semoq-
medebis am dargSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs bune-
bis esTetikur aRqmas.

19
 n. mari 1911 wels werda giorgi merCules ,,arse-
biT Rirsebaze”, mis ,,farTo Tvalsawierze da TviTmyo-
fad interesze” garesamyarosadmi; im mniSvnelovan faq-
tze, rom qveynidan gandgomili qarTveli monazvnebi
cxovrebiseuli adamianebi arian, cocxlad, mxatvru-
lad daxatuli cxovrebisa da bunebis fonze28.28
iv. javaxiSvili sagangebod aRniSnavda ioane saba-
nis Zis da giorgi merCulis TxzulebaTa esTetikur
Rirsebebs. k. kekeliZis sityviT, ,,SuSanikis wamebaSi”
SeimCneva ,,moTxrobis bunebrivi mimdinareoba, romel-
mac ar icis arc Temisagan moulodneli gadaxveva agi-
ografiuli Janris Txzulebisa, arc grZeli trafare-
tuli locvebi da saswaulTa aRwerilobani, Rrma fsi-
qologiuri analizi da moxdenili, lakoniuri ena moT-
xrobisa amJRavnebs avtoris udavo literaturul una-
rianobas da mxatvrul gemovnebas”29.29
Cven qvemoT vnaxavT, rom amgvar msoflmxedvelob-
riv gadaxvevebs mxolod qarTul mxatvrul mwerloba-
Si ara aqvs adgili da mTeli qarTuli kulturuli
SemoqmedebisTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli.
msoflmxedvelobriv mimarTulebaTa Soris Tavisi
adgili da daniSnuleba hqonda filosofias, im speci-
fikuri mniSvnelobiT, romelzedac zeviT iyo naTqvami.
filosofiis ZiriTadi sakiTxi Sua saukuneebis pi-
robebSi RmerTisa da samyaros mimarTebis saxiT dgas,
xolo sakiTxis gadawyveta aucileblad dasabuTebas
emyareba. Tu amovalT im debulebidan, rom renesansu-
li humanizmis ZiriTad ideas amqveyniuri sinamdvilis
Rirebulebisa da mniSvnelobis aRiareba warmoadgebs,
Sesabamisi filosofiuri moZRvrebis amocana am ideis
dasabuTabaSi mdgomareobs. filosofia, rogorc aris-
totele aRniSnavda, msoflmxedvelobis sxva formebi-
sagan gansxvavebiT, iZleva pasuxs kiTxvaze _ ratom?
igive amocana evaleboda filosifias Sua saukuneebis
da, kerZod, renesansuli humanizmis pirobebSi; mas unda

20
gaeca pasuxi kiTxvaze _ ratom da ra pirobebis safuZ-
velze xdeba xiluli sinamdvile Rirebuli da mniSvne-
lovani?
renesansi garkveuli mniSvnelobiT antikurobis
aRdgenaa, magram es aRdgena axal ideur safuZvelze da
esaa is siaxle, romelic renesansul azrovnebaSi, an-
tikurobisgan gansxvavebiT, Sua saukuneebis azrovnebam
Seitana.
amqveyniuri sinamdvilisadmi, hegelis sityvebiT
rom vTqvaT, ,,rwmenis aRdgena”, araa aq gansazRvruli
zeciuri samyaros uaryofiT, es SesaniSnavi msof-
lmxedvelobrivi Sexeduleba dafuZnebulia amqveyniu-
risa da imqveyniuris, anu miwierisa da zeciuris erTi-
anobisa da sinTezis ideaze.
renesansis epoqis warmomadgenlebs Soris eWvi
aravis ar epareboda, rom ,,umaRlesi srulyofileba
RmerTisgan momdinareobda”30.30magram samyaroSi arsebu-
li srulyofileba RvTaebrivia Tavisi warmomavlobiT
da gansazRvrulia miwieris RvTaebriv srulyofileba-
Si monawileobiT (moziareobiT). kanonzomieria, rom S.
nucubiZe rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis garkvevis
dros sinTezis ideaze amaxvilebda yuradRebas. ,,rus-
Taveli arsad ar uSvebs kavSris gawyvetas zecasa, ro-
gorc amaRlebulis, bednierebisa da siyvarulis simbo-
los, da miwas, rogorc realuri, ,,xorcieli” adamia-
nisTvis realur qveyanaze am bednierebis, siyvarulisa
da netarebis miniWebis simbolos Soris. swored am
sinTezSi, am erTianobaSia rusTavelis mier amqveyniur
sikeTeTa poeturi xorcxSesxmis sidiade”31.31
al. losevis azriT, ,,renesansi zogadad aris, ra
Tqma unda, ,,miwieri adamianis mcdeloba ganamtkicos
Tavisi swored miwieri arseboba”; renesansis epoqis
adamians undoda ,,daefuZnebina Tavisi Tavic da sakuTa-
ri materialuri garesamyaroc”, magram, ganagrZobs av-
tori, es dafuZneba SesaZlebeli imitom gaxda, rom man

21
samyaro warmoidgina ,,maqsimalurad gasulierebuli,
maqsimalurad feradovani da mxedvelobisa da smenis-
Tvis mimzidveli saxiT”32.32renesansuli buneba ,,savse
iyo RvTaebrivi ZalebiT” da iyo pirvel yovlisa Ta-
visTavad sakmarisi da uangaro Wvretis sagani33.33
miwierisa da zecieris sinTezis dasabuTebas war-
moadgenda neoplatonizmi rogorc dasavleTis, agreT-
ve, qarTuli renesansis epoqaSi.

22
 pirveli Tavi

qarTuli filosofiuri azris

istoriis antikuri periodi

I
dRevandeli mecnierebis mixedviT, IV-X ss. saqar-
Tvelos ,,adrindeli feodalizmis” xanad iTvleba, xo-
lo IV-VI ss. _ ,,feodaluri urTierTobis Casaxvis, mi-
si Semdgomi ganviTarebisa da ganmtkicebis saukunee-
bad”1.34.
rogorc cnobilia, qarTlSi qristianoba saxel-
mwifoebriv religiad IV s-is 30-ian wlebSi gamocxadda
da am faqtma mniSvnelovani cvlileba Seitana saerTod
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, kerZod, sazogadoebrivi
cnobierebis sferoSi.
bunebrivia, rom am dros jer kidev sakmaod Zlie-
ria winafeodaluri, antikuri ideologiis tradiciebi,
romelTa Sesaxeb SesavalSi iyo saubari. igive iTqmis
dasavleT saqarTveloze, sadac qristianobis gamocxa-
deba ufro gvian moxda da antikur tradiciebsac uf-
ro Rrma fesvebi unda hqonoda.
kolxeTis skola, romelzedac qvemoT visaubrebT,
aRmosavleT romis imperiis skolebis analogiuria da
filosofiuri azrovnebis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT,
misTvis ucxo araa antikuri filosofiis klasikuri
xanis Semdgomi periodisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tavise-
burebani. antikuri filosofiis es periodi mraval sa-
ukunes moicavs filosofiis istoriaSi da grZeldeba
qristianobis Semdeg xanaSic. filosofiuri da rito-
rikuli ganaTlebis antikuri skolebi arsebobs Cveni
welTaRricxvis IV s-Sic.
aristoteles moZRvrebiT dasrulda didi da
mniSvnelovani sistemebis xana berZnuli filosofiis

23
istoriaSi da antikuri filosofiis ganviTareba skep-
ticizmis, ekleqtizmisa da komentatorobis mimarTule-
biT warimarTa. am dros mniSvnelovani da sakmaod gav-
rcelebuli mimarTulebebi iyo stoicizmi da neopla-
tonizmi, romelic platonisa da aristoteles ideebis
Tavisebur SeerTebas warmoadgenda, magram maTgan arse-
biTad gansxvavebul sazogadoebriv pirobebSi viTarde-
boda da SeiZleba iTqvas, klasikuri epoqis filosofi-
uri sistemebis mniSvneloba moipova.
IV saukune aRmosavleT romis imperiaSic da sa-
qarTveloSic ori gansxvavebuli kulturis, msofmxed-
velobis, religiisa da tradiciebis Sejvarebis Tavise-
buri xanaa, ramac Sesabamisi zegavlena moaxdina filo-
sofiuri azrovnebis ganviTarebasa da mis mniSvneloba-
zec.
am droisTvis ukve Camoyalibebulia monoTeistu-
ri msofmxedvelobisa da misi ZiriTadi ideebis safuZ-
vlebi. saxeldobr, kliment aleqsandrielisa (150-215)
da origenis (185-254) Sexedulebani transcendentur Se-
moqmedze da samyaros ararasgan Seqmnis dogmatze. cno-
bilia e.w. ,,mamaTa kosmologia”, romelic Tanmimdevru-
lad amtkicebs da aviTarebs samyaros araradan Seqmnis
ideas da dualistur Sexedulebas ,,umaRles” da ,,mda-
bal” samyaroebze; zeciur samyaroze, rogorc namdvil-
ze,  rogorc Rirebulze da mniSvnelovanze da miwier
samyaroze, rogorc zeciuris ,,ubadruk anareklze”.
garkveuli iyo filosofiis daniSnulebac axal sazo-
gadoebriv pirobebSi. rogorc Zveli filosofosebi
,,laparakoben geometriaze, musikaze, gramatikaze, ri-
torikasa da astronomiaze, _ werda origeni, _ ro-
gorc filosofiis msaxurebze, aseve Cven vityviT TviT
filosofiaze qristianul moZRvrebasTan mimarTebaSi”.
magram, amgvari ganwyobilebis miuxedavad, filo-
sofia garkveul dromde da calkeul SemTxvevebSi

24
inarCunebda Tavis damoukideblobas da aviTarebda Zve-
li, antikuri filosofiis tradiciebs.
yvelaze adrindeli cnobebi, romelTa mixedviT
SeiZleba msjeloba filosofiuri azrovnebis Sesaxeb
saqarTveloSi, ganekuTvneba Cv. welTaRricxvis IV sau-
kunes da dakavSirebulia aRmosavleT romis imperiis
ori moazrovnis saxelTan da daculia berZnul enaze.
erTi maTgania Temistiosi (317-388), xolo meore _ liba-
niosi (314-393).
Temistiosis mdidar memkvidreobaSi daculia mi-
marTuli erT-erTi sityva (XXVII), ucnobi provincieli
axalgazrdisadmi, romelsac TxovniT miumarTavs Te-
mistiosisTvis, rogorc imperiaSi ganTqmuli da gavle-
niani pirisTvis, _ daxmareboda mas konstantinopolSi
arsebuli filosofiuri da ritorikuli ganaTlebis
skolaSi mowyobisTvis.
Temistiosis sapasuxo sityvis mizania daarwmunos
axalgazrda, swavlas namdvili mowyurebulisTvis ara
aqvs mniSvneloba sad iswavlis is, dedaqalaqSi Tu
sadme centridan moSorebul adgilas. magram Temistio-
sis cnobebi mravali mniSvnelovani daskvnis SesaZleb-
lobas iZleva. ,,mec, Cemo kargo axalgazrdav, _ mimar-
Tavs igi adresats, _ ritorikis nayofni movwyvite ga-
cilebiT ufro uCinar adgilas, vidre es Cveni adgi-
lia, ara wynarsa da elinur adgilas, aramed pontos
boloSi, fazisis maxloblad, sadac argom, Tesaliidan
wamosulma, daisadgura, _ rasac poetebi gakvirvebiT
mogviTxroben, _ da cam igi aRitaca, iq, sadac (cnobi-
lia) Termodonti, amaZonT (saomari) saqmeebi da Temis-
kviri. da ai, barbarosuli da pirquSi adgili erTi ka-
cis sibrZnem da saTnoebam gaxades elinuri da aqcies
muzebis taZrad, im erTi kacis, romelic damkvidrda
kolxebisa da armenielebis qveyanaSi da aswavlida ara
isarT tyorcnas da orolT srolas an jiriTs, mezo-
bel barbarosTA wesebisda mixedviT, aramed imas, Tu

25
rogor gaiwvrTna ritorikul xelovnebaSi da rogor
brwyinvale elinTa dReobebze. marTalia Tu ara is,
rasac vambob, cxadi gaxdeba exlave, Tu davZen Semdeg-
sac: iq Cavedi me ara sakuTari miswrafebiTa da gadaw-
yvetilebiT, aramed me gamgzavna iq iseTma keTilmosur-
ne kacma, rogoric SeiZleba iyos mama da iseTma marTe-
bulad moazrovnem, rogorc SeiZleba iyos filosofo-
si. iqneb Sen is sruliad dahgmo imisTvis, rom man Tvi-
Tonac Tavisi ganTqmuli filosofia swored iq SeiZi-
na, an ufro metad damgmo me, romelic (filosofiis)
saidumloebas bavSvobidanve var ziarebuli”2.35.
sanam am sityvaSi dacul cnobebs detalurad Se-
vexebodeT, unda iTqvas, rom masSi moxsenebuli geogra-
fiuli da istoriuli realiebis mixedviT, am skolis
lokalizacia ukavSirdeba kolxeTs, ufro konkretu-
lad _ Tanamedrove q. foTis midamoebs. araerTi mecni-
eri fiqrobs da ,,kategoriulad amtkicebs,rom aq mxo-
lod kolxeTis foTi SeiZleboda igulisxmebodes”3.36.
pirveli qarTveli mecnieri, romelic Temistiosis
sityvas da am skolis mniSvnelobas Seexo qarTuli
kulturis istoriaSi, iyo iv. javaxiSvili; Temistiosis
damowmebuli sityvebis safuZvelze is werda: ,,ellinu-
ri swavla-ganaTlebisaTvis nayofieri niadagi aRmoCe-
nila kolxeTSi da... qveyana ellinuri kulturisa da
,,muzaTa sadgurad” uqcevia”.  cnobili mecnieris sit-
yviT, gasagebi xdeba imdroindeli kolxebis warmatebe-
bi mWevrmetyvelbaSi. cnobebi imis Taobaze, rom ,,im
dros kolxebs ellinTa sadResaswaulo yrilobebze-
dac ki usaxelebiaT Tavi ritorikiTa da mWevrmetyve-
lebiT”. es faqtebi iv.javaxiSvils ,,saucxovo damamtki-
cebel sabuTad” miaCnda, ,,rogorc elinuri kulturis
gavlenis siZlierisa dasavleT saqarTveloSi”, agreTve
dasavleT saqarTvelos ,,maRalxarisxovani gonebrivi
dawinaurebisa”4.37safuZvliania iv. javaxiSvilis SeniS-
vna imis Taobazec, rom Tumca Tavad Temistiosis sit-

26
yvebi IV s-is kolxeTsa da misi mosaxleobis kultu-
rul dones exeba, namdvilad kolxeTis mosaxleobis
kulturuli done adreve unda mdgariyo am doneze.
Temistiosis am sityvis s. yauxCiSvilis publika-
cia meti daskvnebis saSualebas iZleva. naTeli xdeba,
rom es skola mxolod ritorikuli ganaTlebis cen-
tri ar iyo da iq filosofias eWira didi adgili. Te-
mistiosi pirdapir wers, rom mis mamasac, evgeniossac,
imave skolaSi miuRia swavla-ganaTleba da, rac mTava-
ria, mas ,,Tavisi ganTqmuli filosofiac swored iq Se-
uZenia”.
am skolis daarsebisa da arsebobis Sewyvetis
drois Sesaxeb pirdapiri cnobebi ar arsebobs. magram
am kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemis safuZveli moipoveba. rad-
gan am skolaSi Temistiosis mamasac uswavlia, unda vi-
fiqroT, rom Tu III s-is bolos ara, yovel SemTxvevaSi,
IV s-is dasawyisSi es skola ukve unda arsebuliyo.
mogvepoveba cnobebi imaze, rom VI s.-Si saqarTve-
loSi da, am cnobebis mixedviT, swored kolxeTSi, ri-
torikuli xelovneba sakmaod maRal doneze imyofebo-
da (ix. qvemoT cnobebi aietisa da fartazis Sesaxeb),
rac kolxeTis skolis arsebobiT unda aixsnas. sabo-
lood, safiqralia, rom kolxeTis skola unda gauqme-
buliyo iustinianes 529 wlis ediqtis Semdeg, romelic
amgvari skolebis arsebobis winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli
mTel aRmosavleT romis imperiaSi.
cnobilia, rom aRmosavleT romis imperiaSi anti-
kuri swavla-ganaTlebis talRa Sesustda III s-Si, mag-
ram IV s-Si is xelaxla aRorZinda da gavrcelda. Tu
ramdenad mniSvnelovani iyo antikuri swavla-ganaTle-
bis skolebis roli imperiaSi, iqidanac Cans, rom maTSi
swavla-ganaTlebas Rebulobdnen ara mxolod imperiis
momavali moxeleebi, aramed qristianuli eklesiis ga-
moCenili moRvaweebic5.38amgvari skolebis mawavlebel-

27
Ta Soris gansakuTrebuli saxeliT sargeblobdnen Te-
mistiosi da libaniosi.
am skolebSi filosofiis swavlebas umTavresad
komentatoruli xasiaTi hqonda, magram es mainc Zveli
antikuri filosofiis tradiciebis gagrZeleba iyo da
sazogadoebrivi da kulturuli cxovrebis mniSvnelo-
van faqtors warmoadgenda.
amave dros, dasavleT evropaSi, es skolebi umaR-
lesi ganaTlebis pirvel magaliTs warmoadgenda, rome-
lic icvleboda da viTardeboda Tavisi arsebobis sak-
maod didi drois manZilze.
sataxto qalaqis skolis maswavleblebi xSirad
sargeblobdnen imperatorTa siaxloviT da yuradRe-
biT; profesorebis xarjebi qalaqis saxsrebidan iyo
gaRebuli da maT municipaliebi irCevdnen, periferieb-
ze _ adgilobrivi Temebi.
IV saukunis meore naxevramde am skolebSi ar ar-
sebobda msmenelebis asakobrivi SezRudva. maTi konti-
genti Sedgeboda ZiriTadad 16-20 wlis asakis axalgaz-
rdebisgan, Tumca iyvnen ufro wlovani moswavleebic,
mag., iuliane gandgomili, romelmac SeZlo Tavis xan-
mokle mefobis wlebSi (331-363 ww.) Zveli warmarTuli
religia da kulturuli tradiciebi aRedgina, 24 wlis
asakSi Sevida amgvar saswavlebelSi, romelsac deopa-
niosi xelmZRvanellobda. SemdegSi qristianobis cno-
bilma moRvaweebma _ basili didma, grigol RvTismet-
yvelma da sxvebma igive skola daamTavres (pirvelma 25
wlis da meorem 30 wlis asakSi).
cota ufro gvian, 425 wels keisarma Teodos II-m,
romlis karze am dros petre iberi izrdeboda, umaR-
lesi skolis arsebiTi reforma moaxdina6.39profesore-
bis Stati man 31-mde gazarda, romelTa Soris iyvnen
laTini da berZeni ritorebi da gramatikosebi, filo-
sofiisa da samarTlis specialistebi. xelfasisa da
honoraris garda, rasac Rebulobdenen saxelmwifo xa-

28
zinidan da msmenelebisgan, isini sxvadasxva privilegi-
ebiTac sargeblobdnen.
370 wels gamocemuli ediqtis mixedviT, cvlileba
ganicada moswavleTa asakobrivma reglamentmac. mos-
wavleebi imgvari varaudiT unda mieRoT, rom saswavle-
beli 20 wlis asakSi daemTvarebiaT, swavlebis vada
gansazRvruli iyo 4-5 wliT.
Temistiosis sityvebidan Cans, ramdenad didi mniS-
vneloba unda hqonoda kolxeTis skolas adgilobrivi
sazogadoebis kulturuli donis amaRlebaSi. mxolod
imperiis imdroindeli filosofiuri azrovnebis xasia-
Tis garkveva zogadad da evgeniosisa da Temistiosis
filosofiur SexedulebaTa ganxilva gascems pasuxs
kiTxvaze _ romeli filosofiuri moZRvrebani unda yo-
filiyo upiratesad kolxeTis skolaSi. Temistiosi
pirdapir ambobs, rom ,,ritorikis nayofni” man am sko-
laSi ,,mowyvita”, xolo evgenioss iqve Seuqmnia ,,Tavisi
ganTqmuli filosofia”. amave dros, is imdenad kmayo-
fili yofila kolxeTis skolaSi miRebuli codniT,
rom Tavisi vaJic imave saswavlebelSi gaugzavnia.
evgeniosi filosofiis istoriaSi cnobilia, ro-
gorc umTvresad aristotelikosi7,40magram epoqis az-
rovnebis Sesabamisad, is platonsac didi pativiscemiT
epyroboda da fiqrobda, rom klasikuri saberZneTis am
or cnobil filosofoss Soris arsebiTi gansxvaveba
ar arsebobs. evgeniosis sityviT, aristotelem ufro
mwyobri saxe misca platonis filosofias da is kri-
tikisTvis ufro Seuvali gaxada8.41.
unda vifiqroT, rom evgeniosis amgvari Sexedule-
ba gansazRvrulia neoplatonizmiT, romelic am dros
farTodaa gavrcelebuli, yovel SemTxvevaSi, plotine-
sa da porfiriosis moZRvrebaTa saxiT.
eTikis sakiTxebSi evgenioss idealad sokrate, an-
tisTene da stoikosi Zenoni miaCnda.

29
 Temistiosi aRmosavleT romis imperiis gamoCeni-
li moRvawe da moazrovnea. is Tavisi drois cnobil
oratorad iTvleboda da SesaniSnavma oratorulma
niWma da moqnilobam saxelmwifo samsaxurebriv saqmia-
nobaSi mas didi ndoba da saxeli mouxveWa, rogorc
qristian keisrebsa da moRvaweebs, agreTve, antikuri
religiis da kulturis energiul damcvelebs _ iulia-
nesa da libanioss Soris.
Temistiosis popularobas imanac Seuwyo xeli,
rom is sataxto qalaqSi ufasod aswavlida da amiT ba-
Zavda ,,Zveli filosofiis dedaboZebs” _ sokrates,
platons da aristoteles.
rogorc libaniosi gadmogvcems, 348 wlis Semdgom
xanebSi Temistiosi konstantinopolidan wasvlas api-
rebda942im mizezis gamo, rom am dros sataxto qalaqSi
qristianTa gavlena Zlierdeboda. xolo ramdenime
wlis Semdeg, 355 w. igi qalaqis senatSi saxelmwifoeb-
riv samsaxurSi moiwvia keisarma konstantiusma10.43.
ramdenime wlis Semdeg rodesac iuliane gandgo-
milma droebiT warmatebas miaRwia da imperiis keisari
gaxda, Temistiosi libaniosTan erTad, mis pirvel
mrCevelTa Soris aRmoCnda axali religiisa da kul-
turis winaaRmdeg mimarTul RonisZiebaTa gatarebis
saqmeSi. imperiis es orive moRvawe da moazrovne amtki-
cebda, rom elinizmTan qristianobis SeTavseba SeuZle-
beli iyo. amave dros, Temistioss Tavis megobrad asa-
xelebs eklesiis erT-erTi burji _ grigol nazianze-
li.
filosofiaSi Temistiosic aristotelikosi iyo.
aristoteles Sromebis misma komentarebma mravlad mo-
aRwia Cvenamde. es mravalricxovani da, Tavisi Sinaar-
siT sakmaod mravalferovani komentarebi exeba logi-
kis, fsiqologiis, bunebisa da metafizikis sakiTxebs.
meore analitikis, fizikis, sulis Sesaxeb traqtatis,
cisa da ,,metafizikis” IV wignis komentarebSi ganxilu-

30
lia filosofiis umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxebi arsis, mi-
si formebis, WeSmaritebis, azrovnebis kanonebisa da
mravali sxv. komentari exeba, agreTve, metafizikis
(,,pirveli filosofiis”) sagans da misi kvlevis meTo-
debs.
Semonaxuli cnobebis mixedviT, Temistioss damu-
Savebuli hqonia, agerTve, aristoteles meore analiti-
ka, topika da kategoriebi. es ki metyvelebs mis inter-
sze logikisadmi, rac mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli rito-
rikasTan. filosofiis es dargi, rogorc ,,azrovnebis
iaraRi”, didi yuradRebiT sargeblobda Sua saukunee-
bis azrovnebaSi.
aristoteles Tzxulebis komentireba, Cans, Temis-
tiosis yuradRebis mTavari sagani iyo, magram did in-
teres iCenda platonis mimarTac.
Temistiosis Sexedulebebi religiis sakiTxebze
Tavisufali azrovnebiT gamoirCeva. adamianis Sexedu-
lebani RmerTze, RvTismsaxurebaze da ritualze, Te-
mistiosis azriT, TviT adamianis pirad xasiaTsa da sa-
kuTar gansjaze aris damokidebuli da amitomac buneb-
rivia. amdenad aucilebelia da gamrTlebuli uTanxmo-
ebani, romlebic arsebobs filosofiur skolebsa da
religiur mimdinareobaTa Soris. ufro metic, am ide-
ur winaaRmdegobebs Tavis dadebiTi mniSvneloba hqon-
da da azrovnebis warmatebis erT-erT pirobas warmod-
genda. amgvari Sexedulebani religiuri tolerantobis
erT-erTi gamovlenaa, romelic axasiaTebda Temistioss
da, rogorc specialistebi SeniSnaven, imperiis sazoga-
doebis mniSvnelovan nawils.

II
kolxeTis skolasTan qronologiurad da msof-
lmxedvelobrivad mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli IV s-is me-
ore naxevris moRvawe bakuri, maRali gonebiTa da ni-
WiT dajildoebuli pirovneba, romelic mravalmxrivi

31
moRvaweobiT aris cnobili aRmosavleT romis imperia-
Si. bakuris Sesaxeb cnobilia, rom igi iberielia da,
amave dros, warCinebuli gvaris warmomadgeneli.
arsebuli cnobebis mixedviT, bakurma aRmosavleT
romis jarebis sardlis saxiT, monawileoba miiRo 378
wlis brZolaSi adrianopolTan. es brZola warmoebda
guTebsa da bizantielebs Soris. bakurma iSviaTi sima-
maciT isaxela Tavi, agreTve, brZolaSi, romelic ti-
ran evgeniosis winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli da moxda 394
wels. bakuris amgvari simamace IV s-is cnobil moRva-
wes libanioss sababs aZlevda mis Sesaxeb eTqva, rom
igi ,,sxeuliTa brwyinavso”.
magram sayuradRebo CvenTvis isaa, rom berZnuli
wyaroebi mogviTxrobs bakurze ara mxolod rogorc
strategze, aramed, rogorc moazrovnesa da filoso-
fosze, cnobili libaniosis Tanamoazresa da megobar-
ze.
libaniosi (314-393) imperiis cnobili ritori da
filosofosi iyo. man ganaTleba aTenSi miiRo, Semdeg
daarsa sakuTari skolebi konstantinopolsa da nikome-
diaSi. erT dros gaZevebuli iyo sataxto qalaqidan an-
tiqristianuli moqmedebis gamo. Temistiosis megobari
da mraval sakiTxSi misi Tanamoazre, Tumca ukompromi-
so Tavis damokidebulebaSi, rogorc Zveli, antikuri
kulturisa da filosofiisa, agreTve, axali monoTeis-
turi religiisadmi. qristianoba libaniosisTvis savse-
biT ucxo moZRvreba iyo da bolomde darCa berZnuli
poliTeizmis Tayvanismcemlad.
libaniosi didi popularobiT sargeblobda impe-
riaSi, xelmZRvanelobda skolebs da hyavda mravalric-
xovani msmeneli. mis msmenelTa Soris, rogorc ukve
iTqva, iyvnen ara mxolod SemdegSi keisari iuliane
gandgomili, aramed qristianobis didi moRvaweebic _
basili didi, grigol nazianzeli, ioane oqropiri da
sxv., romlebmac Zveli religia uaryves da qristianoba

32
miiRes. maT gaqristianebas libaniosi didi mwuxarebiT
Sexvda, gansakuTrebiT daswyvita guli ,,Ralatma” ioane
oqropiris mxriv, romelzedac is did imedebs amyareb-
da da Tavis saqmis gamgrZeleblad da memkvidred
zrdida.
iulianes politikuri marcxis Semdeg libaniosis
devna kidev ufro gaZlierda. is daasmines kidec xeli-
suflebis winaSe misi politikuri ganwyobilebis gamo,
da erTxel SeTqmulebac ki mouwyves mokvlis mizniT.
libaniosis mdidar literaturul memkvidreobaSi
mniSvnelovani adgili mis mravalricxovan (1605) weri-
ls uWiravs, romlebic miwerilia misi mowafeebis, me-
gobrebisa da imperiis saxelganTqmuli pirebisadmi;
libaniosi imdenad cnobili da popularuli pirovneba
iyo, rom rogorc erTi mkvlevari wers, misgan miRebu-
li werili sagangebo pativiscemad iTvleboda.
mis adresatTa Soris ixsenieba qarTveli moRvawe
bakuri. erTi werili mimarTulia bakurisadmi, xolo
sxva werilebSi bakuri moxseniebulia ,,niWier” pirovne-
bad, romelic ,,sxeuliTac brwyinavs da suliTac”11.44.
,,Seni werili, _ mimarTavs bakurs libaniosi, _
Seicavda iseT azrebs Sens Sesaxeb, rogorsac, Cveuleb-
riv, megobrebis wreSi gamovTqvamT xolme, radgan dids
siamovnebas ganvicdiT im qebaTagan, romelTac gZens
Seni bunebrivi NniWi.
zogi aqebs Sens samarTlianobas da imas, rom da-
jerebuli xar imaSi, rom yvelaferi, rac qveyanaze
xdeba, RmerTebma ician da xedaven. zogi kidev adidebs
Sens zomierebas da imas, rom ufro metad mbraZaneb-
lob vneba-survilebs, vidre jariskacebs. sxva kidev
aqebs Sens sibrZnes, romlis wyalobiTac imarjveb
xolme brZolaSi.
iyo iseTic, romelic ambobda rom, Sens suls ar
mihkarebia araviTari SiSi raime safrTxis winaSe. me ki
Sen RirsebaTagan yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovnad meCvene-

33
ba is, rom Sen giyvars logosebi da isinic, vinc lo-
gosebs misdeven, risTvisac Sen sayvareli xar RmerTe-
bisaTvis, romelnic zrunaven logosebze. xom zrunaven
logosebze isini, romlebmac es (logosebi) mogvces.
Cven rom aseT yvavilebSi vtrialebdiT, Sen, ra-
sakvirvelia, iyavi mdelo; am dros xelSi Camido misma
momtanma werili, romelic aris sabuTi Seni siyvaru-
lisa logosebisadmi...”1245
am werilis mixedviT irkveva, rom bakurs libani-
osTan miwer-mowera hqonda da mxolod misi adresati
ar yofila. irkveva isic, rom bakurs saerTod cnobili
,,bunebrivi niWi” aris misi qebis mizezic.
werilSi laparakia bakuris guladobaze, Seud-
reklobaze safrTxis winaSe da mis samarTlianobaze.
sayuradReboa striqonebi, romlebic exeba baku-
ris Sexedulebas movlenaTa RvTaebrivi determinaciisa
da providencializmis Sesaxeb. erTica da meorec epo-
qisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Sexedulebania, romlebmac
Semdeg, Sua saukuneebis pirobebSi, kidev ufro Tanmim-
devruli saxe miiRo.
bakuris msoflmxedvelobaSi da, kerZod, eTikur
SexedulebebSi, rogorc Cans, mniSvnelovani adgili
eWira stoikur ideebs. stoicizmiT gataceba bunebri-
vi unda yofiliyo moazrovnisTvis, romelic IV s-is
romis imperiaSi cxovrobda da sazogadoebis umaR-
les fenebs ekuTvnoda. cnobilia, rom romis imperia-
Si stoicizmi yvelaze metad gavrcelebul filoso-
fias warmoadgenda13.46imperiis istoriis bolo xaneb-
Si is sazogadoebis aristokratiul wreebTan iyo da-
kavSirebuli da ,,romis sazogadoebaSi gabatonebul
msoflmxedvelobad” iqca14.47Znelia jerjerobiT imis
gamokvleva, iziarebda Tu ara bakuri stoikuri fi-
losofiis sxva ideebs, magram misi Sexedulebani rom
Zalian axlo unda yofiliyo stoikur eTikasTan, es
garkveviT SeiZleba iTqvas. libaniosis sityvebi imis

34
Sesaxeb, rom bakuri Zalian kargad (,,jariskacebze
ukeT”) mbrZaneblobda Tavis vneba-survilebs, migviTi-
Tebs stoikuri filosofiis mTavar principze, rom-
lis mixedviTac bedniereba saTnoebasTan iyo gaigive-
buli, xolo bednierebis miRwevis saSualebad vneba-
survilebis daZleva iyo aRiarebuli. vfiqrobT, sto-
ikuri warmoSobisaa, agreTve, is poliTeizmTan Segue-
buli fatalizmi, romelic libaniosis Semdeg sit-
yvebSi unda iyos dafaruli: bakuri dajerebulia
,,imaSi, rom yvelaferi, rac qveyanaze xdeba, RmerTebma
ician da xedaven”.
rac Seexeba libaniosis xazgasmiT gamoTqmul
Sexedulebas bakuris ,,siyvarulze logosebisadmi”,
misi azri mecnierebaSi erTmniSvnelovnad dadgenili
ar aris da amis erT-erTi mizezi isaa, rom Zvel ber-
Znul enaSi Znelad moipoveba meore sityva _ esoden
mravalmniSvnelovani rogoric Yλόγος-ia.
libaniosis bakurisadmi werilis pirveli gamom-
cemeli s. yauxCiSvili ,,logosebSi” gulisxmobda
,,ritorikul xelovnebas”, xolo ,,logosebis siyva-
rulSi” _ ritorikuli xelovnebis siyvaruls15.48.
S. nucubiZe samarTlianad werda, rom libanioss
bakurTan ”yvelaze Rirebulad miaCnda... Sexeduleba
logosebze”, xolo ,,logosi”, anu goneba unda niSnav-
des neoplatonuri hipostatebis mesame wevrs, rome-
lic cnobilia, agreTve, rogorc msoflio suli da
,,qveynis demiurgi”16.49.
erT-erT uaxloes naSromSi naTqvamia, rom lo-
gosebis siyvaruli bakurTan ,,aSkarad xazs usvams ba-
kuris inteleqtualizms” da warmoadgens ,,saerTod
gonis sferoze miTiTebas, Tanamedrove gagebiT”17.50.
Cven vfiqrobT, rom Tu λόγος gavigebT, rogorc
sityvas, maSin SeiZleba logosebis siyvarulSi rito-
rikuli xelovneba vigulisxmoT, miT umetes, libani-
osis, am ganTqmuli da mTel imperiaSi saxelmoxveWi-

35
li ritoris sityvaTxmarebaSi. rogorc zemoT iyo
aRniSnuli, grigol nazianzeli Temistioss uwodebda
βασιλεύς τών λόγον, rac sityvis meufes unda niSnavdes
da Temistiosis oratorul niWierebas usvams xazs.
vfiqrobT, rom yvelaze swori S. nucubiZis mo-
sazrebaa. logosi gonebas, sibrZnes, sazriss niSnavs
da aseTi gagebis SemTxvevaSi libaniosis cnebas im-
gvari mniSvneloba eniWeba, romelic yuradRebas mi-
marTavs bakurisken, rogorc moazrovnisken. amgvar ga-
gebasTan axloa λόγος-is kidev erTi mniSvneloba, ro-
melic Seesabameba da kargad eTanxmeba bakuris sxva,
libaniosis mierve dadasturebul Tvisebebs.
esaa winaswari mauwyebloba, winaswari Wvreta,
winaswarmetyveleba. libaniosis sityviT, rogorc vna-
xeT, bakuri gamoirCeva sibrZniTac da imis rwmeniTac,
rom yvelaferi, rac qveyanaze xdeba, RmerTebma ician
da xedaven.
Temistiosis Sesaxeb cnobilia, rom neoplato-
nizmis niSnebi mis filosofiur SexedulebebSi main-
cdamainc mkveTrad gamoxatuli araa18.51magram Tu ga-
viTvaliswinebT aristoteles Sexedulebebis mniSvne-
lobas neoplatonizmisTvis, naTeli gaxdeba Temisti-
osis moRvaweobis mniSvneloba neoplatonizmis ganvi-
TarebisTvis19.52.
rac Seexeba libanioss (314_393), is, rogorc fi-
losofosi, aRiarebulia neoplatonikosad.
marTalia, libaniosi, rogorc ed. celeri aR-
niSnavs, ,,ufro ritoria, vidre filosofosi” da ami-
tom Znelia mis mravalricxovan memkvidreobaSi gamoi-
Zebnos adgilebi, romlebic pirdapir iZleodes pa-
suxs misi filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis kiTxveb-
ze, magram SeiZleba zogadad iTqvas, rom Tavis fi-
losofiur msoflxedvelobaSi libaniosi amodis
platonis moZRvrebidan da neoplatonizmidan. gamo-
saTxovar sityvaSi, romelic warmoTqva iulianes gar-

36
dacvalebis gamo, libaniosi exeba adamianis sulis
bunebas da daniSnulebas. platoni miaCnia Tavis mas-
wavleblad da konkretulad emyareba dialog ,,fed-
rosSi” gamoTqmul Sexedulebebs20.53.
Cven libaniosis naazrevSi garesamyaros aqsio-
logiuri gagebis, misi Rirebulebisa da mniSvnelobis
sakiTxi gavinteresebs. esaa, amave dros, sinamdvili-
sadmi damokidebulebis sakiTxi, rasac gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba hqonda Sua saukuneebis rogorc sakacob-
rio, aseve qarTul azrovnebaSi.
pasuxs dasmul kiTxvaze iZleva libaniosis erT-
erTi sityva (XXX), romelSic is gamoTqvams aRSfoTe-
bas qristianebis damokidebulebis gamo antikuri
kulturis, antikuri religiisa da antikuri Zeglebi-
sadmi:
,,qalaq beroiaSi _ vkiTxulobT libaniosTan _
idga asklepiosis brinjaos qandakeba kliniosis mSve-
nieri ymawvilis saxiT. aq xelovneba ostaturad ba-
Zavda bunebas. masSi siWabukis imdeni srulyofileba
iyo, rom yvelas, visac SesaZlebloba hqonda yovel-
dRe exila igi, mainc didi survili rCeboda misi mze-
risa. ar moiZebneba iseTi Tavxedi, romelic gabedav-
da da ityoda, rom mas (qandakebas) msxverplsa swi-
ravdnen. da ai es (qandakeba) gakeTebuli, rogorc See-
fereba, didi SromiTa da naTeli suliT, damtvreu-
lia da dakarguli; fidiusis xelebi dainawila mra-
valma xelma”21.54.
asklepiosi, Zvel berZnuli miTologiis mixed-
viT, saeqimo xelovnebis RmerTi iyo, romelic xsene-
bul qandakebaSi gamosaxuli yofila aTenSi araCveu-
lebrivi silamaziT ganTqmuli moRvawis alkibiades
(kliniosis vaJis) saxiT.
libanoiosis citirebul mosazrebebSi yuradRe-
bas ipyrobs rogorc xelovnebis am Zeglis maRali
esTetikuri Rirebuleba, agreTve misi Sexeduleba

37
Zeglis maRali Sefasebis msoflmxedvelobriv safuZ-
velze: qandakebaSi, romelic antikuri xanis genia-
lur moqandakes ekuTvnoda _ ,,xelovneba ostaturad
baZavda bunebas”.
xelovnebis gansazRvra, rogorc ,,baZvisa” (μίμησ)
platons ekuTvnis, magram SeiZleba iTqvas, rom liba-
niosi scildeba platons da neoplatonizmTan ufro
axlosaa. platonis mixedviT, xelovneba baZavs ara sa-
ganTa arsebas, aramed ideebis grZnobad gamovlenas,
da ramdenadac Tavad sagnebi, romelTa erToblioba
bunebas Sedagens, warmoadgenen ideaTa samyaros baZ-
vas, amitom xelovneba gvevlineba baZvis baZvad, idee-
bisgan bunebaze ufro metad daSorebul da amitom
nakleb Rirebul sferod.
libaniosTan ,,bunebis baZvas” xelovnebis srul-
yofilebis sazomis mniSvneloba eniWeba da mxolod
im moZRvrebis safuZvlebs SeiZleba emyarebodes, sa-
dac kosmosis esTetikuri mniSvneloba ontologiuri
mosarebebiT aris dasabuTebuli. es moZRvreba neop-
latonizmia. plotine, romelic, v. vindelbandis sit-
yviT, ,,mTeli energiiT uWers mxars grZnobadi samya-
ros mSvenierebis WeSmaritad berZnul aRiare-
22 55
bas” , aRfrTovanebiT wers samyaroze, rogorc ,,uki-
degano zecis formaTa mSvenierebaze”, caze, var-
skvlavebze. kosmosze, am sityvis antikuri mniSvnelo-
biT, rogorc mowesrigebaze da mSvenierze, romelic
atkbobs adamians Tavisi ,,grandiozulobiT da mSveni-
rebiT” (eneadebi. V, 14). yoveli nivTi aq mSvenieria,
radgan is gasulierebulia da gacocxlebuli. gasage-
bia, rom plotine gmobda imaT, vinc ,,kicxavda da
gmobda samyaros” (eneadebi. V, 8).

38
 meore Tavi

gardamavali xana _ antikurobidan

sqolastikisaken
I
V saukune qarTlSi axali monoTeisturi religi-
is TandaTani ganmtkicebis droa, Tumca igi jer kidev
araa sabolood gamarjvebuli. mTiuleTSi, rogorc
leonti mroveli wers, ,,ara inebes naTlisReba”. reli-
giur niadagze TviT centralur qarTlSic hqonda ad-
gili mRelvarebas _ e. w. ,,wurili enis” erTi nawili
dabrunebia Zvel, warmarTul religias da vaxtang
gorgaslis dedas sagduxt dedofals sagangebo zomebi
Cautarebia am mRelvarebis dasawynareblad.
arc eklesias miuRwevia jer xelisuflebis im
donisTvis, romelSic is daaxloebiT oriode saukunis
Semdeg armoCnda. rogorc istorikosi juanSeri gad-
mogvcems, qarTlis eklesiis mesveurma miqaelma ver mi-
aRwia mefesTan konfliqtSi gamarjvebas. konfliqti mi-
qaelis marcxiT da vaxtang gorgaslis gamarjvebiT
damTavrda da, rogorc mecnierebaSi aris SeniSnuli,
misi mTavari dasayrdeni maRali samxedro wreebi da
raindoba (istorikosis sityviT ,,spa”) unda yofili-
yo1.56sityvebi, romliTac konstantinopolis patriarqma
am konfliqtis gamo qarTulis saeklesio mesveurs mi-
qaels mimarTa _ ,,daemorCileT mefeTa, rameTu ara cu-
dad rmal abies” da is ,,RmerTisa mier mTavrobs, vi-
Tarca lomi cxovarTa Soris”2,57mowmobs, rom maSinde-
li bizantiuri da qarTuli SexedulebiT oficialura-
daa aRiarebuli saero xelisuflebis upiratesoba sa-
eklesio organizaciasTan SedarebiT.
antikuri tradiciebis siZliere, bunebrivia, aisa-
xa, kulturul SemoqmedebaSi da, kerZod, literatu-

39
rul ZeglSi, romelic jerjerobiT uZvelesad iTvle-
ba Cvenamde moRweul ZeglTa Soris da V s. ganekuTvne-
ba. es aris iakob curtavelis ,,SuSanikis martviloba”,
romelic monoTeistur msoflmxedvelobas asaxavs. av-
tori dgas Zveli aRTqmis ZiriTadi kosmologiuri
dogmatis _ RmerTis rogorc cisa da qveynisa Semoqme-
dis Tvalsazrisze. masSi gvxdeba eTikuri Sexeduleba
sulis ukvdavebaze da ,,saiqio mizRvevaze”, sxeulze,
rogorc sulis borkilze, gamsWvalulia Sua saukunee-
bis ZiriTadi ideiT amqveyniuri sinamdvilis warmavlo-
baze da imqveyniurobis maradiulobaze.
magram kanonzomieria, rom es literaturuli na-
warmoebi ,,ar eteva _ rogorc k. kekeliZe aRniSnavda _
saeklesio mizniT daweril, isic agiografiul nawar-
moebTa CarCoebSi” da wminda istoriuli beletristu-
li prozis xasiaTi aqvs. Txzuleba gamsWvalulia
,,gulwrfelobiT, uSualobiT da bunebriobiT”. iakob
curtavelisTvis araa damaxasiaTebeli ,,arc Temisagan
moulodneli gadaxveva agiografiuli Janris Txzule-
bebisa, arc grZeli trafaretuli locvebi da saswa-
ulTa aRwerilobani”; piriqiT, ,,Rrma fsiqologiuri
analizi da moxdenili, lakoniuri ena moTxrobisa am-
JRavnebs avtoris udavo literaturul unarianobas da
mxatvrul gemovnebas”3.58.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom amqveyniuri sinamdvilis ,,ara-
raobis” idea ver poulobs aq Tanmimdevrul da srul
gansaxierebas. avtoris damokidebuleba amqveuniuri si-
namdvilisadmi gansazRvrulia ara mxolod doqtriniT,
aramed TviT realuri sinamdviliT da misi uSualo gan-
cdiT. amiTaa ganpirobebuli nawarmoebis, agreTve, inte-
resi yofa-cxovrebisa da cocxali sinamdvilisadmi; yu-
radReba sayofacxovrebo detalebis, qveynis kulturu-
li mdgomareobis, socialuri da politikuri viTarebi-
sadmi. sakmaod bunebrivad da siRrmiTaaa gadmocemuli
gmirebis fsiqologiuri daxasiaTeba.

40
 sayuradReboa, rom verc dabali rangis samRvde-
loeba da verc saeklesio organizaciis meTauri be-
davs varsqenis winaaRmdegobas, sakuTari azris gamom-
JRavnebas da SuSanikis gamoqomagebas. bunebrivi sisada-
viTaa aRwerili suraTi, rogorc scada erTma ,,diakon-
ma” SuSanikisTvis gamamxnevebeli sityviT miemarTa, mag-
ram sakmarisi iyo pitiaxSs amisTvis Tvali Seeswro,
rom diakvans sityva Suaze Seswydomoda. mas surda eT-
qva _ ,,Tu mtkiced sdeq! magram ,,Tvali hkida pitiax-
Sman” da diakvans ,,sxua verRa ra scada sityvad, esTen
oden hrqua: ,,mtki...” da dadumna xolo sivltodad iwyo
swrafad”. meore epizodSi varsqenma ,,uxeTqna kuerTxi-
Ta xucessa mas zurgsa da man verRara ikadra sit-
yvad”4.59.
araa SemTxveviTi am saukunis qarTlSi iseTi mniS-
vnelovani mimdinareobis warmoqmna qristianobis Sig-
niT, rogoricaa maniqeveloba. cnobilia, rom giorgi
mTawmidlis (1009-1065) cda _ uareyo saqarTveloSi ga-
daxrebi (,,marcxul gina marjul”) orTodoqsuli qris-
tianobisagan,-ar Seefereba sinamdviles. ,,Tanamedrove
mecniereba, _ werda iv. javaxiSvili, _ rasakvirvelia
mwvaleblobaze sul sxva azrisaa da mwvalebloba xSi-
rad Rrma da cxoveli sasoebisa da sarwmunoebrivi Se-
moqmedebis Zlierebis damamtkicebelia. amitom, iq, sa-
dac sarwmunoebis simbolosa da wesis Sesaxeb ciloba
da brZola ar yofila, iq cxadia sarwmunoebrivi azri
daZabuli unda yofiliyo da sicocxle aklda”5.60.
didia iv. javaxiSvilis damsaxureba, saqarTeloSi
gavrcelebul eretikul moZraobaTa specialur Seswav-
lasa da qarTuli kulturis istoriis am mniSvnelova-
ni dargis garkvevaSi6.61.
maniqeveloba warmoiqmna sparseTSi III s-Si qalde-
ur-babilonuri miTebis, gnosticizmisa da sxva gavle-
niT. magram es moZRvreba, romelsac misi avtori spar-
seTSi, wina aziaSi, indoeTsa da CineTSi qadagebda,

41
warmoadgens umTavresad qristianobisa da zoroas-
trizmis Tavisebur SeerTebas.
msoflmxedvelobrivi TvalsazrisiT maniqeveloba
tipuri dualisturi moZRvrebaa da ori dapirispirebu-
li sawyisis aRiareba mis Taviseburebas warmoadgens.
sawyisebi, erTi mxriv, idealuria (suli, sikeTe, naTe-
li), meore mxriv, materiasTan aris dakavSirebuli (bo-
roteba, wyvdiadi). keTil sawyiss ekuTvnis agreTve
RmerTi, ,,sinaTlis meufe”, romelsac xuTi zneobrivi
atributi axasiaTebs (siyvaruli, rwmena, erTguleba,
mxneoba da sibrZne). ori sawyisi Sesatyvisad warmoiq-
nmeba, erTi mxriv, RvTaebrivi samefo, anu samoTxe da
,,naTeli dedamiwa”, meore mxriv, borotiseuli, anu
wyvdiadiseuli bneli dedamiwa. pirvelis warmoqnmilia
zeciuri adamiani; piriqiT, bneli samefos yvela Zala
gaerTianda imisTvis, rom satana warmoeqmna7.62.
dualizmi _ maniqeveluri moZRvrebis mixedviT _
gansazRvravs adamianis bunebasac, rogorc sikeTisa da
borotebis (sulisa da materis) erTianobisa da sazo-
gadoebrivi cxovrebis Taviseburebebi, romelic vlin-
deba adamianTa Soris mourigebel winaaRmdegobaSi, sa-
zogadoebrivi cxovrebis mouwesrigeblobaSi da sazo-
gadoebis udidesi nawilis, xalxis mZime da autanel
mdgomareobaSi. msoflio istoria warmoadgens naTeli-
sa da wyvdiadis, sikeTisa da borotebis, RmerTisa da
satanis dausrulebel brZolas. maniqevelobidan gamom-
dinareobs pesimisturi daskvna borotebis dauZlevlo-
bis Sesaxeb. sikeTisa da borotebis dualizmis pirobe-
bis qveS ,,iyo yoveli, _ werda fsevdo-dionise, _ uweso
da maradis mbrZol”.
magram maniqeveloba xedavs erTgvar gamosavals
da Tavisi moZRvrebis praqtikul nawilSi saxavs wyvdi-
adisgan gaTavisuflebisa da srulyofilebis gzas. esaa
asketizmi, sxeulis daTrgunva, Tavis Sekaveba xorcie-
li midrekilebebisgan, xorcis Wamis akrZalva da sxva.

42
 maniqevelobis gavrcelebis ,,yvelaze nayofieri
niadagi” Sua saukuneebis pirobebSi xalxi iyo, sazoga-
doebis dabali fenebi, romlebdac ,,yvelaze metad ux-
debodaT moeTminaT... TviTneboba” da sazogadoebaSi ar-
sebuli boroteba. amiT iyo gamowveuli is, rom am moZ-
Rvrebam warmoqnisTanave moipova didi warmateba, rom
,,mTeli Sua saukuneebi iyvnen Sepyrobili SiSiT”am moZ-
Rvrebis winaSe da ,,arc erT eress ar uTamaSia imzo-
mad mniSvnelovani roli qristianobis istoriaSi, ro-
gorc maniqevelobas”.
Zalian didia maniqevelobis gavrcelebis are da
xangrZlivoba, aRmosavleTidan dasavleTamde espaneTis,
balkaneTis naxevarkunZulis, inglisis qalaqebis, ita-
liis, safrangeTis da sxvaTa CaTvliT. SevniSnavT aqve,
rom moRvaweobis sawyis etapze maniqevelobis Zlier
gavlenas ganicdida Sua saukuneebis gamoCenili RvTis-
metyveli da filosofosi avgustine (354-430). maniqeve-
lobis safuZvelze warmoiqmna mimdinareobani, romle-
bic axali saxelwodebiT iyo cnobili _ pavlikianebi,
bogomilebi, kaTarebi da sxv.863. 
XII s-Si, rodesac dasavleTis maniqevelobis kere-
bi bevrs ukve Camqrali egona, ,,uecrad axlad gaRvivda
da qristianobisaTvis avis momaswavebelma xanZris alma
moicva Crdilo da Sua italia da safrangeTis samxre-
Ti”9.64
qristianuli eklesiis dadgenilebebisa da maniqe-
velobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli brZolis simwvavis miu-
xedavad, am brZolas arTulebda da maniqevevlobis
warmatebas uwyobda xels moZRvrebis ,,ormagi” xasiaTi.
erTi mxriv, maniqevelebi qristianuli Sexedulebebis
pirdapir kritikas awarmoebdnen, meore mxriv, Tavs nam-
dvil da keTil qristianebad acxadebdnen. brZolis xa-
siaTze metyvelebs is faqtic, rom konstantinopolSi
aleqsi komnenis mefobis dros dawves eretikosad aRia-

43
rebuli episkoposi basili, romlis moZRvreba maniqeve-
lobis Sexedulebebs emyareboda.
juanSeris TxzulebaSi daculi cnobebi, romle-
bic episkopos mobidanis moRvaweobas da am moRvaweo-
biT gamowveul reaqcias exeba, adasturebs maniqevelo-
bis faqts V s-is qarTlSi da mis winaaRmdeg brZolis
meTodebs.
am cnobebis mixedviT, mobidani ,,naTesaviT sparsi”
yofila da Tumca misi namdvili mrwamsi orTodoqsuli
(marTlmadidebluri) ar iyo, igi ,,aCuenebda” Tavs ase-
Tad ,,mefisa da eris” winaSe SiSis gamo. istorikosis
sityviT, mobidani iyo ,,mog usjulo” da SemSleli
qristianuli wesebisa, _ ,,farulad” mzrunveli im wig-
nebis, romlebic rogorc gamoirkva, ,,yovlad sacTur”
Sexedulebebs Seicavda.
brZola mobidanis winaaRmdeg misi damarcxebiT
damTavrda, mis wignebSi gamoTqmuli azrebis eretiku-
li Sinaarsi gamomJRavnda.
misi Tanamdeboba daiWira ,,WeSmaritman episkopos-
man” miqaelma, romelmac mobidanis nawerebi dawva da
gaanadgura10.65.
iv. javaxiSvilma gaarkvia, rom mobidani maniqeve-
lobis gamo iyo dasjili, is yofila maniqevelTa im
mimarTulebis mimdevari, ”romelSiac qristianuli ele-
mentebi uxvad iyo Sesuli da garegnulobaSi qristia-
nuli sWarbobda”11.66.
iv. javaxiSvilis mosazrebani gaiziara S. nucubi-
12 67
Zem . .

II
petre iberis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis faqtebi
bizantiur wyaroebSia daculi da isini kargad aris
cnobili mraval Zvel qarTvel moRvawesTan. saqarTve-
loSi, garkveuli mizezebis gamo, misi saxeli da
,,cxovreba” mxolod XIII s-Si Cndeba.

44
 petre iberi, naTlobis saxelis mixedviT murvani
(daibada daaxl. 411 wels) _ qarTlis mefis varaz-baqa-
ris Ze; dedis _ bakurduxtis mxriv iyo cnobili mefis
bakuris SviliSvili, romelmac, erTi cnobis mixedviT,
IV s-is 30-ian wlebSi qristianoba gamoacxada oficia-
lur religiad. misi didedis (mamis mxriv) Zma farsmani
konstantinopolSi arkadi keisris dros jarebis sar-
dlis Tanamdebobas asrulebda, xolo daaxloebiT 395-
404 wlebSi Sua qarTlSi mefobda. bakuris Zma arCili
Rrma moxucebulobis asakSi mefobda (daaxloebiT 429-
37 ww.) qarTlSi.
politikuri viTarebis gamo varaz-baqari iZulebu-
li gaxda jer kidev mcirewlovani murvani mZevlad ga-
egzavna konstantinopolSi, keisar Teodosi II-is karze.
amasTan erTad, murvans gaayoles misi naTlia da aR-
mzrdeli ioane lazi (eriskacobaSi miTridate lazi).
rogorc bizantiuri wyaroebi mogviTxrobs, kei-
sarma qarTlis mefiswuli didi pativiT miiRo. murvani
,,saucxoo TvisebebiT” iyo dajildoebuli. keisarma da
misma meuRlem evdokiam is miiRes ,,rogorc sakuTari
Svili”; didi mzrunveloba gamoiCines misi swavlisa da
Sesaferisi aRzrdisTvis. murvanma swavlis didi niWi
gamoavlina _ Seiswavla berZnuli (Semdeg siriuli)
ena, SeiTvisa ,,yovelive swavluloba saeklesio da sa-
filosofoso”. erTi biografis sityviT, ukvirdaT fri-
ad mefesa da ,,yovelTa filosofosTa palatisaTa-si-
maxvile gonebisa misisa”13.68.
mefis karze myofi axalgazrda qarTveli uflis-
wulis aRzrdis saqmeSi, mis bedsa da sulier cxovre-
baSi didi mniSvneloba eniWebaT dedoflebs _ pulqe-
rias (Teodosis das) da evdokias (mefis meuRles). ev-
dokia (warmarTobaSi aTenaida) aTenSi daibada da aRi-
zarda. aTenaidas mama leonti, neoplatonikosi aTenis
skolaSi filosofias aswavlida da Tavis qaliSvils
SesaniSnavi aRzrda, berZnuli kulturis, literatu-

45
ris, xelovnebisa da filosofiis safuZvliani codna
miaRebina. aTenaidam 28 wlis asakSi miiRo qristianoba,
magram mis sulSi cocxlad Semoinaxa elinuri ganwyo-
bilebani da grZnobebi. misi enciklopediuri codna da
poeturi niWi mraval literaturul nawarmoebSi gamov-
linda.
axalgazrda murvanma (nabarnugiosma, rogorc mas
sasaxleSi uwodebdnen) mniSvnelovani warmateba moipo-
va keisris karze da mefis kavaleriis ufrisad dainiS-
na. magram miuxedavad brwyinvale mdgomareobisa, ro-
melsac qarTvelma ufliswulma miaRwia imperiis karze,
man sasaxlis kari malulad miatova da palestinaSi
gaemgzavra. ra motivebiT xelmZRvanelobda _ amis kon-
kretuli mizezebi aqamde gaurkvevelia. Tumca gamoric-
xuli araa, rom moerida karze arsebul winaRmdegobeb-
sa da intrigebs, romlebic Tavs iyrida keisrisa da
ori dedoflis garSemo. rogorc Cans, mTavari mainc,
mSvidi da ganmartoebuli cxivrebisken misi Sinagani
miswrafeba unda yofiliyo. biografebi dabejiTebiT
aRniSnaven mis midrekilebas ,,sulieri simSvidisa” da
,,mecnieruli Wvretisadmi”.
Teodosis mier miRebuli energiuli zomebis miu-
xedavad, qarTveli ufliwulis ukan dabruneba veRar
moxerxda. masTan erTad wavida sasaxlidan misi aR-
mzrdeli da naTlia ioane lazi, Tavisi drois ganaT-
lebuli pirovneba, romelic sikvdilamde (gardaicvala
464 wels) aRar moscilebia Tavis mowafesa da mego-
bars.
siriaSi gadasaxlebis droidan (daaxl. 430 wels)
murvani cnobili gaxda petre iberis saxelwodebiT da
axali periodi daiwyo mis cxovrebaSi, mis suliersa
da praqtikul moRvaweobaSi. am dros miiRo man maiumis
episkoposis Tanamdeboba, farTod gaSala eklesiebisa
da monastrebis mSenebloba da imperiaSi didi moRvawis
saxeli moixveWa. rogorc ioane rufusi gvamcnobs, pet-

46
rem ierusalimSi sagangebod SearCia adgili da ,,aago
monasteri, romelsac dResac iberTa monasteri
14 69
hqvia” . misi samSeneblo moRvaweobis dadasturebaa, ag-
reTve, Cvens droSi warmoebuli arqeologiuri aRmoCe-
nebi palestinaSi, beTlemis maxloblad. petres mier
aSenebuli eklesiis QqarTul warwerebSi isini moxse-
niebulni arian: petre misi bavSvobis saxeliT _ murva-
ni, mamamisi buzmiri (varazbaqari) da papa _ bakuri15.70.
egvipte, siria da palestina, sadac cxovrobda da
moRvaweobda petre iberi, mravali aTeuli wlis ganmav-
lobaSi warmoadgenda socialuri da religiur-ideo-
logiuri brZolebis asparezs, inteleqtualuri cxov-
rebis mniSvnelovan centrs; garkveulma mizezebma, rom-
lebic dakavSirebulia, erTi mxriv, qristianobis brZo-
lasTan antikuri kulturisa da azrovnebis winaaRmdeg
da, meore mxriv, ideologiuri winaaRmdegobebis gamwva-
vebasTan TviT qristianobis SigniT, xeli Seuwyo an-
tkuri filosofiuri memkvidreobis Seswavlas siriaSi.
siriul enaze iTargmna rogorc qristianuli mwerlo-
bis berZnuli dednebi (maT Soris, petre iberis biog-
rafebisa da mis Sesaxeb Semcveli wyaroebic), agreTve,
antikuri filosofiis warmomadgenelTa Txzulebani.
filosofiurma azrovnebam imdroindel siriaSi Seqmna
erT-erTi rgoli azrovnebis im nakadSi, romelic Zvel
saberZneTSi iwyeba, V-VI ss-Si sirias gadaecema, xolo
siriidan arabebisa da bizantiis meSveobiT dasavleT
evropamde midis.
amdroindel siriis kulturul cxovrebas da fi-
losofiur azrovnebaSi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas im-
saxurebda qalaqi gaza, romlis maxlobladac maiumSi
petre iberi episkoposis kaTedras meTaurobda. es qa-
laqi am dros gadaiqca ,,inteleqtualuri cxovrebis
udavo centrad”1671da elinurma kulturam imdenad ma-
Ral dones miaRwia rom aTenelebi aq Camodiodnen pla-
tonis enisa da filosofiis Seswavlis mizniT. enea ga-

47
zeli werda: ,,akademiaca da liceumic SeiZleba ipovo
ara pireis navTsayudelTan”, aramed _ q. gazaSi17.72am
qalaqSi SeiZleboda yvela berZeni gamoCenili moaz-
rovnis Txzulebis Sovna.
petre iberi siriaSi Seqmnili inteleqtualuri
cxovrebis erT-erT gamoCenili figuraa, wyaroebSi naT-
lad Cans misi pirovnebis energiuli xasiaTi da maRa-
li inteleqti. amave dros, faqtebi adasturebs, rom
petre iberi rCeba, pirvel yovlisa, moazrovned, sakma-
od gulgrilia administraciuli Tanamdebobisa da
oficialuri dokumentebisadmi, romlebic ama Tu im mi-
marTulebis debulebaTa dakanonebisa da dogmatizaci-
isakenaa mimarTuli. mxolod mebrZoli partiebi cdi-
loben is mokavSired gaixadon da misi didi avtorite-
ti gamoiyenon sakuTari poziciebis gasamagreblad.
rodesac, magaliTad, qalkedonis krebis (451w.)
dadgenilebebma imperiis aRmosavleTis provinciebSi
didi ukmayofileba da ajanyebebi gamoiwvia. ierusali-
mis patriarqi, monofizitebis mowinaaRmdege iuvenali
petres daniSvnas cdilobda erT-erT saeklesio Tanam-
debobaze. petrem am winadadebas Tavi aarida. is maiu-
mis episkoposis maRali postis miRebasac didi winaaR-
mdegobis Semdeg daTanxmda. rodesac mravali wlis
Semdeg keisarma Zenonma scada religiur-ideologiuri
,,SfoTi” kompromisuli brZanebulebiT, e. w. henotiko-
niT Seenelebina (brZanebuleba mouwodebda mebrZol
mxareebs darCeniliyvnen pirveli saeklesio krebis
dadgenilebaTa farglebSi da krZalavda yovelgvar ka-
maTs da axal dogmatur gansazRvrebebs), man sagangebo
pirebi gaugzavna petre ibers TxovniT, konstantino-
polSi Camosuliyo da am dokumentze xeli moewera.
petre iberi elCebs arc eCvena da xelis moweras aqac
Tavi aarida. TavisTavad es faqti, imdroindel ideol-
giur viTarebaSi, petre iberis moRvasweobis mniSvne-
lobasa da avtoritetze metyvelebs.

48
 aRiarebuli belgieli mecnier-orientelistis er-
nest honigmanis azriT, ,,patre iberis pirovneba axden-
da ganuzomel STabeWdilebas” misi wris ,,yvelaze uf-
ro amaRlebuli sulis adamianebze”. germaneli mecnie-
ri ed. Svartci, romelic araa ganwyobili dainaxos
patre iberSi ,,gamoCenili pirovneba” iZulebulia aRia-
ros, rom beiruTis ”maRali ganaTelbisa da sulierad
amaRlebuli” pirovnebis ,,kristalizacia” xdeboda pet-
re iberis, rogorc ,,centris garSemo”18.73.
am pirovnebaTa Soris, pirvel yovlisa, petre ibe-
ris biografebi igulisxmebian, romlebic Tavisi drois
cnobili, ganaTlebuli moRvaweebi da moazrovneebi iy-
vnen:
ioane rufusi _ wamoSobiT palestineli arabi,
petre iberis mowafe da Tayvanismcemeli. beiruTSi Se-
iswavla man samarTlis mecniereba, erT xans iqve cxov-
robda da moRvaweobda. petre iberis Semdeg daikava mi-
si Tanamdeboba maiumSi. igi mravali Sromis avtoria,
maT Soris erTi dawvrilebiT gadmogvcems petres
cxovrebas da moRvaweobas.
zaqaria ritori, erT-erTi cnobiT ,,umaRlesi sa-
samarTlos veqili”, daibada maiumSi, sadac, rogorc
iTqva, petres saeklesio administraciuli Tanamdeboba,
episkoposis posti eWira. swavlobda aleqsandriaSi,
Semdeg beiruTSi; Seiswavla samarTlis specialoba. er-
Txans cxovrobda da veqilobda konstantinopolSi. di-
di xani eriskacobaSi gaatara, Semdeg miiRo mitilenis
episkoposis Tanamdeboba. igi mravali saistorio da
Teoriuli (polemikuri) Tzxulebis avtoria, romleb-
Sic Cans neoplatonizmis kargi codna. dawera specia-
luri Txzuleba petre iberis cxovrebisa da moRvaweo-
bis Sesaxeb, romelsac Cvenamde ar moRwevia. mraval sa-
intereso cnobas Seicavs petre iberis Sesaxeb misi ,,sa-
eklesio istoria”, romelSic igi warmodgenilia did
da sayovelTaod pativcemul pirovnebad. zaqaria rito-

49
ris Sexdulebebis Camoyalibebaze didi gavlena unda
moexdina petre ibersa da mis wres.
petre iberi megobrobda cnobil mweralsa da moR-
vawesTan timoTe elurTan, romlis aleqsandriis patri-
arqad xeldasxmaSi man aqtiuri monawileoba miiRo.
petre iberi uaxloes megobrul urTierTobaSi im-
yofeboda ,,swavlebaTa wignis” avtorTan esaia egviptel-
Tan, romlisganac enea gazeli _ filosofiuri Txzule-
bebis avtori da saqarTveloSi kargad cnobili moaz-
rovne _ Rebulobda konsultacias platonis, aristote-
lesa da plotines Txzulebebis rTuli adgilebis da
Zneli teqstebis gasagebad. istorikosebi erTxmad aR-
niSnaven petresa da esaias sulier siaxloves. isini ,,mu-
dam erTimeores igonebdnen, suliT erTmaneTTan iyvnen”
da ,,orives mocemuli hqondaT erTnairi niWi”.
qalaq gazasTan iyvnen dakavSirebulni siriul
enaze pirveli sabunebismetyvelo naSromis avtori _
timoTe gazeli (V-VI ss.), romelic emyareba antikur av-
torebs da prokofi gazeli, romlis filosofiuri
TxzulebiT sargeblobda bizantiis gviandeli (XII s.)
moRvawe nikoloz meToneli.
yuradRebas imsaxurebs, rom petre iberis wris pi-
rovnebaTa SemoqmedebaSi neoplatonur filosofias
gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs. isini am filosofiu-
ri mimdinareobis ideebis atmosferoSi imyofebian da
Tumca maTi nawili kritikulad afasebda neoplato-
nizms, magram es skola maTze mainc garkveul zegavle-
nas axdenda.
petre iberis Txzulebebs Cvenamde ar mouRwevia.
magram, rogorc es aRniSnulia samecniero literatu-
raSi, zaqaria ritoris cnoba, rom misi drois erT-er-
Ti moRvawe Tavis nawerebs petre ibers miawerda, raTa
sakuTari ,,wignebi mieRebinebina” morwmuneTaTvis, met-
yvelebs ara mxolod petres did avtoritetze, aramed
imazedac, rom igi cnobili unda yofiliyo, rogorc

50
mwerali. amis garda, arsebobs cnoba, rom petre iberma
gadmoiRo qarTul enaze grigol nazianzelis iambikoe-
bi19.74.
es garemoeba qmnis dabrkolebas misi Sexedulebe-
bis da analogiebis garkvevis TvalsazrisiT. magram
sakmaodaa cnobili petre iberis biografiuli faqtebi,
romelTa Seswavlis safuZvelze naTeli xdeba misi fi-
losofiuri Sexedulebebis siaxlove areopagitul moZ-
RvrebasTan. am sakiTxis garkvevaSi gansakuTrebuli
damsaxureba miuZRvis or mecniers _ Salva nucubiZesa
da ernest honigmans (am saqmeSi maT damsaxurebaze uf-
ro vrclad qvemoT SevexebiT).
mokled SevexebiT im ideebs, romelTa analogie-
bis dadgena petre iberis biografiuli wyaroebis mi-
xedviT moxerxda.
erTia Teozisis (θέωσις), deifikaciis, anu adamia-
nis gaRmerTebis idea, romelic xorcieldeba adamianis
mier arsis ierarqiulad ganlagebuli safexurebis gav-
liT sawyisTan (RmerTTan) ukudabrunebis dros. aq
TviT adamiani iqceva RmerTad, ramdenadac sawyisidan,
rogorc mizezebidan, dabla daSvebis Semdeg arsis sa-
fexurebis TandaTani ukugavliT da TandaTani amaRle-
biT, sawyiss uerTdeba da erwymis.
meore _ sikeTis substancialobis, anu sikeTis mo-
nizmis ideaa, romlis mixedviTac namdvili, substanci-
uri, sawyisiseuli arseboba mxolod sikeTes aqvs. bo-
roteba mxolod empiriulad arsebobs da arsebiTad
sikeTis klebas warmoadgens. aqve unda aRiniSnos moZ-
Rvreba eqstazze, RmerTisa da sikeTis wvdomaze, sinaT-
leze da sxv.
ideuri analogiebis TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebu-
li mniSvneloba aqvs areopagitul moZRvrebas zeciur
ZalTa triadul ganlagebaze da petres ,,cxovrebaSi”
aRweril ioane lazis zmanebas, sadac es Zalebi coc-
xali xilvis saxiT aris warmodgenili.

51
 fsevdo-dionises Sexedulebani zeciur ZalTa Se-
saxeb SemuSavebulia prokles tradiciebis safuZvelze,
sadac TiToeuli wyeba sami wevrisgan Sedgeba da maTi
srulyofilebisa da RmerTTan siaxlovis Sesabamisad
sam sameulad nawildeba. ,,zeciuri ierarqiis” efrem
mciriseuli qarTuli Targmani adasturebs, rom fsev-
do-dionisesTan es triadebi yovelTvis araa zusti
TanmimdevrobiT CamoTvlili, magram sabolood, maTi
principuli mniSvnelobis mixedviT, Semdegi Tanmimdev-
robiT lagdeba: pirvel, umaRles, RmerTis ,,umaxlobe-
selTa” da masTan ,,usaSuvalod SeerTebul” triadas
warmoadgenen ,,serafimni, qerobimni da saydarni”; meo-
res _ ,,uflebani, Zalni da xelmwifebani” da mesames _
,,mTavarni, mTavar-engelosni da angelosni”20.75.
fsevdo-dionise areopagelis moZRvrebam zeciur
ZalTa triadebis ierarqiul ganlagebaze farTo gav-
rceleba moipova, kerZod, aRmosavlur qristianul sam-
yaroSi da ioane damaskelic (VIII s.) Tavis TxzulebaSi
(,,marTlmadidebluri rwmenis zusti gadmocema”) am sa-
kiTxze Tavisi Sexedulebebis gadmocemis dros wyarod
areopagituli korpusis avtors asaxelebs21.76magram
yvelaze adrindel Zeglad, romelSic fsevdo-dionises
Sexedulebani aisaxa rogorc zeciur, aseve miwier ie-
rarqiaze, patres ,,cxovreba” unda iqnes aRiarebuli.

III

filosofiis istoriis TvalsazrisiT petre iberis

moRvaweobas sruliad axali naTeli mohfina orma gamok-
vlevam, romlebic 40-iani da 50-iani wlebis dasawyissi
gamoqveynda22.77.maTi avtorebis _ S. nucubiZisa da e. ho-
nigmanis mixedviT, areopagituli Txzulebebis avtori
unda yofiliyo petre iberi.

52
 rogorc cnobilia, istoriuli tradicia am Txzu-
lebebs miawerda I s-is moRvawes dionise areopagels,
aTenis umaRlesi sasamarTlos (areopagis) wevrs, rome-
lic pavle mociqulma moaqcia qristianul rwmenaze da
q. aTenis episkoposad daniSna.
uZveles wyaroSi, romelic dionise areopagels exe-
ba (saqme mociqulTa, XVI, 34 da Smd.), araferia naTqvami
misi literaturuli moRvaweobis Sesaxeb da TviT Txzu-
lebebic VI s-is dasawyisamde arsad araa moxseniebuli.
rodesac iustinianes mier mowveul saeklesio krebaze
(532/33 w.) mimdinare diskusiis dros erT-erTi partiis
warmomadgenelebma dionise areopagelis avtoriteti dai-
mowmes da misi Txzulebebidan citatebi moitanes, am ga-
remoebam maSinve gamoiwvia eWvi imis gamo, rom dionise
areopageli, rogorc mwerali, cnobili ar iyo. amis miu-
xedavad, tradicia gagrZelda da mTeli sua saukuneebis
ganmavlobaSi (nikoloz kuzanelis CaTvliT) am Txzule-
bebis avtorad dionise areopageli iyo aRiarebuli.
renesansis epoqaSi dasavleTis moazrovneebis inte-
resi areopagituli Txzulebebisadmi gansakuTrebiT gai-
zarda. es garemoeba ar iyo SemTxveviTi, radgan am moZ-
RvrebaSi ganviTarebuli ideebi Taviseburad exmaureboda
samyaros renesansisa da humanizmisTvis damaxasiaTebel
axlebur xedvas. magram am moZRvrebisadmi interesis gaZ-
lierebas is mohyva Sedegad, rom dionise areopagelis
avtorobaSi safuZvlianad iqna eWvi Setanili. kerZod,
naTeli gaxda, rom areopagituli moZRvreba prokles
(412-485) ideebis Zlieri gavleniT aris Camoyalibebuli
da V s-ze adre ar SeiZleboda Seqmniliyo (e.i. dionise
areopageli SeuZlebelia yofiliyo areopagituli Txzu-
lebebis avtori)23.78.
amis Semdeg mecnierebaSi dadga am Txzulebebis nam-
dvili avtoris garkvevis sakiTxi, xolo XIX s-is ZiebaTa
Semdeg sabolod iqna uaryofili istoriuli dionise
areopagelis avtoroba. magram vin iyo maTi avtori? am

53
kiTxvaze damakmayofilebeli pasuxi ver gasca verc h.
koxma24,79verc i. Stiglmairma2580da verc sxvam. Tumca ga-
irkva ramdenime sakiTxi, romelic SeiZleboda momavali
kvleva-Ziebis amosavali yofiliyo.
gairkva am Txzulebebis aRmocenebis qronologiuri
CarCoebi (462-518 ww.), daviwrovda da qalaq gazas terito-
riul farglebs dauaxlovda im moRvaweTa wre, romle-
bic ukanasknel gamokvlevebSi miCneulni arian areopagi-
tuli Txzulebebis SesaZlebel avtorebad. magaliTad,
kriugeri am avtorad Tvlida dionise aleqsandriels,
petre iberisa da misi megobris esaias mowafes, xolo me-
ore SesaZlebeli avtori _ severos antioqieli berad
iyo aRkvecili petre iberis monasterSi.
S. nucubiZis gamokvleva warmoadens arsebiT win
gadadgmul nabijs fsevdo-dionises saidumloebis amoc-
nobis TvalsazrisiT. am naSromSi sruliad axali gaSu-
qeba hpova rogorc problemam, romlis gadawyvetasac
msoflio mecniereba didi xnis ganmavlobaSi cdilobda,
agreTve petre iberis mniSvnelobam qarTuli da ufro
farTod _ aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis saazrovno vi-
TarebaSi. S. nucubiZem pirvelma miaqcia yuradReba, rom
ioane lazis ,,zmaneba” aRwerili petre iberis orive
,,cxovrebaSi” ZiriTadad erTmaneTs emTxveva, rogorc ze-
moT iyo aRniSnuli, fsevdo-dionises TxzulebaSi war-
modgenil msoflio suraTsa da angelozTa samyaroSi
triadulad ganlagebul Zalebs. Tavis droze. S. nucubi-
Zis mosazrebebs mravali mecnieri Sexvda dadebiTad yo-
fili sabWoTa kavSiridan da gaiziara26,81isini, magram
msoflio mecnierebisTvis misi gamokvleva ucnobi darCa.
S. nucubiZis Teoriis dadasturebad iyo aRiarebu-
li ernest honigmanis gamokvleva (1952), romelmac mniS-
vnelovnad Seuwyo xeli qarTveli mecnieris daskvnebis
gaRrmavebas da problemisadmi farTo interesis gaRvive-
bas msoflio mecnierebaSi.

54
 sayuradReboa, rom belgiel mecniers jer kidev ad-
re (1946) hqonia momwifebuli azri, rom dionise areopage-
lis saxeliT cnobili Txzulebebis avtori petre iberi
unda yofiliyo da amis Sesaxeb mouxsenebia kidec bizan-
tiur-slavur-orientalisturi kongresisTvis niu-iorkSi.
S. nucubiZis gamokvlevis Sesaxeb man gvian gaigo mokle
recenziis mixedv27.82TviT gamokvleva ki misTvis ucnobi
darCa. samwuxarod, wers e. honigmani, ,,am mecnieris naS-
romi CemTvis xelmiuwvdenelia” da amitom ,,ar vici ram-
denad SegveZlo Cvens naSromebSi mivsuliyaviT erTsa da
imave Sedegamde analogiuri daskvnebis gziT”28.83amis miu-
xedevad, am ori mecnieris mravali calkeuli mosazreba
da TviT dasabuTebis gza Zalian axloa da zogjer em-
Txveva erTimeores.
aris erTi garemoeba, romelic e. honigmanis argu-
mentaciis originalobas Seadgens da mis saboloo das-
kvnasac ramdenadme ganasxvavebs. belgieli mecnieris yu-
radReba im garemoebam miipyro, rom dionises saidumloe-
biT mocul viTarebaSi saqme gvaqvs ara erT, aramed or
fsevdonimur pirovnebasTan. gairkva, rom fsevdonimuria
ara mxolod dionise areopagelis saxeli areopagitul
TxzulebebTan mimarTebaSi, aramed fsevdonimuria areo-
pagitul TxzulebebSi moxseniebuli da damowmebuli ie-
roTeosic, romelsac fsevdo-dionise xSirad imowmebs,
rogorc moZRvarsa da maswavlebels. imdroindeli ono-
mastikonis (sakuTar saxelTa Sesaxeb mecnierebis) Seswav-
lis gziT e. honigmanma daadastura, rom aseTi sakuTari
saxeli im dros ar arsebobda da, maSasadame, ieroTeosi
iseTive xelovnurad gamogonili saxelwodebaa, rogorc
dionise arepagelis saxeli areopagitul TxzulebebTan
kavSirSi. amgvarad, warmodga ori wyvili fsevdonimuri
wirovnebebisa: erTi mxriv, realurad arsebulni _ petre
iberi da misi maswavlebeli da moZRvari ioane lazi, me-
ore mxriv, dionise areopageli da ieroTeosi.

55
 e. honigmanma miakvlia, rom ramdenime siriul wyaro-
Si (romelTagan erTi, e. w. ,,rabanas sliba”, daaxloebiT
1300 wels ekuTvnis) hieroTeosis _ ,,didi dionises mas-
wavleblis’’ mosaxsenebel (da maSasadame, gardacvalebis)
dRed daniSnulia 4 oqtomberi29.84magram, ramdenadac ier-
oTeosi, rogorc iyo aRniSnuli, fiqciuri pirovnebaa,
es ar SeiZleba rogorc realuri pirovnebis gardacva-
lebis dRe iyos. am amocanis amoxsna moxerxda istoriu-
li cnobis meSveobiT, romelic ioane lazis gadacvale-
bas exeba da sadac misi gardacvalebis TariRad swored
4 oqtomberi (464 w) aris aRniSnuli. aqedan e. honigmani
akeTebs daskvnas ieroTeosisa da ioane lazis identuro-
bis Sesaxeb, rac fsevdo-dionisesa da petre iberis iden-
tifikaciis safuZvlad iqceva.
e. honigmani, S. nucubiZisgan gansxvavebiT, fiqrobs
rom areopagituli Txzulebani ori avtoris _ petre ibe-
risa da ioane lazis dawerili unda iyos, romelTa we-
ris dros ganawilebuli hqondaT Sroma maTi pirovnebis,
codnisa da midrekilebis Sesabamisad.
e. honigmanis mraval mosazrebaTa Soris mivaqcevT
yuradRebas Semdeg garemoebas. xSirad iyo aRniSnuli, _
wers e. honigmani, _ areopagitul TxzulebaTa stilis
bundovani da Znelad gasagebi xasiaTi. uCveuloa misi
kompozitebi; xoli grZeli da mkiTxvelisTvis damRleli
winadadebani ,,Zalian Sorsa” mag., ,,severos antioqielis
eleganturi stilisagan”. o. bardenheveri SeniSnavda are-
opagitul wignebze, rom ,,isini metyveleben, ase vTqvaT,
ucxoelis eniT”. am dakvirvebaTa gaTvaliswinebis Semdeg
e. honigmani svams kiTxvas, romelzedac pasuxs swored
honigmanis daskvnebi iZleva: ,,xom ar SeiZleba fsevdo-di-
onises enis Tavisebureba imiT aixsnas, rom maTi avtori
namdvilad ucxoeli iyo?”3085
e. honigmanis gamokvlevis gamoqveynebas, SeiZleba
iTqvas, sensaciuri gamoxmaureba mohyva dasavleTSi. cno-
bili bizantisti fr. doelgeri Tavis recenziaSi aRniS-

56
navs, rom mas honigmanis ,,yvela mosazreba Tanasworad
damajereblad” ar miaCnia, magram sabolood midis das-
kvnamde, rom ,,Tavisi dakvirvebebiT honigmanma... gadawyvi-
ta sakiTxi, romelic mecnierebas didi xani awvalebda
(vexieren)”31.86kidev ufro sayuradReboa bizantinistebis
franguli Jurnalis azri, romelic gamoqveynda aseTi
rubrikiT: ,,gansacvifrebeli aRmoCena” (une denverte
suprenante). e. honigmanis sabuTebisa da mosazrebebis vrce-
li mimoxilvisa da gansakuTrebiT ieroTeosisa da ioane
lazis identifikaciaze yuradRebis gamaxvilebis Semdeg,
JurnalSi vkiTxulobT: ,,SeiZleboda davkmayofilebuli-
yaviT honigmanis identifikaciis am ukanaskneli sabuTiT,
rogorc gadamwyvetiT (dẽcesive), magram ,,im skeptikosebis
misamarTiT, romlebsac eWvi SeaqvT qarTveli monazvnebis
mecnierebasa da berZnul literaturul ganswavluloba-
Si, unda davumatoT, rom isini cxovrobdnen maiumSi, Ra-
zas portSi _ filosofiisa da literaturis am elinuri
kulturis keraSi da gatacebuli iyvnen kontaqtebis gan-
mtkicebiT axal religiasa da berZnul gonebrivsa da
mxatvrul memkvidreobas Soris”. recenziaSi xazi aqvs
gasmuli im garemoebas, rom Tu petre ibersa da ioane
lazs dasWirdebodaT _ ,,maTi grandiozuli wamowyebi-
saTvis” _ es wignebi da adamianebi iqve iyo maT gankargu-
lebaSi32.87.
nucubiZe-honigmanis Teoria da petre iberis prob-
lema amis Semdeg msoflio mecnierebis interesTa areSi
moeqca; yuradRebam imdenad intensiuri xasiaTi miiRo da
imdeni naSromi gamoqveynda, rom mkvlevar J. m. hornusis
sityviT, mecnierebaSi ,,dionisuri cieb-cxelebis”3388viTa-
reba Seiqmna. dRevandel pirobebSi nucubiZe-honigmanis
Teorias hyavs mravali momxrec da kritikosic, magram
Teoriis uaryofisTvis sakmarisi seriozuli da damaje-
rebeli argumentacia jer aravis moucia.

57
 mesame Tavi

filosofiuri azrovneba
adrefeodalur xanaSi
feodalizmis gamarjveba saqarTveloSi VI s-Si
moxda. maSindel lazikaSi (dasavleT saqarTveloSi)
feodalizmis ganviTareba, iberiasTan SedarebiT, ra-
mdenadme gansxvavdeboda. magram SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
saqarTvelo VI s-Si feodalur saxelmwifos warmoad-
genda da misi Semdgomi ganviTareba am mimarTulebiT
mimdinareobda. mniSvnelovnad ganmtkicda saeklesio
organizacia, moispo erTmefoba, qveyana feodalur er-
Teulebad, eklesia ki Zlier miwismflobel organiza-
ciad iqca. gaizarda ara mxolod misi politikuri ro-
li, aramed igi gaxda kulturuli mSeneblobis er-
TaderTi mflobeli. Seicvala urTierToba saero da
saeklesio wreebs, kerZod, saero da saeklesio xeli-
suflebis warmomadgenelTa Soris. erT-erTi istoriu-
li cnoba, romelic VII s-is damdegs exeba, asaxavs
erismTavarsa da kaTalikoss Soris arsebul uflebriv
damokidebulebas.
stefanozma, romelic am dros axlad aRmocene-
bul qarTlis saerismTavroSi mTavrobda, Sio-mRvimis
monasterSi misvla ganizraxa da mouwoda kaTalikoss,
rom isic masTan erTad gamgzavrebuliyo. rodesac mo-
nasterSi mividnen, adgilobrivma berebma samRvdelo
mesveuris mimarT meti yuradReba da pativiscema gamoi-
Cines, vidre stefanozis mimarT. ,,ixila ra ese yoveli
stefanos” _ mogviTxrobs cnobis avtori, _ ganixerxe-
boda SuriTa, rameTu amas ara ra ese viTari pativi uy-
ves monaTa maT RuTisa da rameTu iyoca kaci ese ampar-
tvan da borotiTa SuriTa aRsavse da eklesiaTa friad
Zvirsa uyofda1.89

58
 monastris mamasaxlisis pasuxiT ukmayofilo ste-
fanozi ,,ganrisxna guliswyromiTa”, waarTva Tavis ,,Se-
uracxmyofelTa” agarakni da wavida2.90magram rogorc
Cans, garkveuli zemoqmedebis Semdeg (rasac cnobis av-
tori Sios ,,saswaulTmoqmedebas” ukavSirebs) stefano-
zi iZulebuli gaxda warTmeuli miwebic ukan daebru-
nebina monastrisTvis da saerTod gaeTavisuflebina ek-
lesiebi mZlavrebisa da xarkis gadaxdisgan. stefanozi
am incidentis Semdeg eklesiaTa ,,keTilismyofeli” gam-
xdara da saeklesio pirTa mimarT pativiscemiT gam-
sWvalula.
amgvarad, es konfliqti eklesiis gamarjvebiT
damTavrda. sayuradReboa, rom stefanozis sityvebSi
imave Teoriis gamoZaxils vxedavT, romelic moipoveba
juanSeris saistorio TxzulebaSi vaqtang gorgasalsa
da miqael kaTalikoss Soris momxdari konfliqtis
dros. orive SemTxvevaSi saero xelisuflebis warmo-
madgenelTa pretenziebi erTuflebianobaze samefo xe-
lisuflebis ,,RvTeabrivi warmoSobiT” aris dasabuTe-
buli, magram am Teorias V s-is saqarTveloSi rea-
luri safuZveli hqonda da realur ZalTa urTierTda-
mokidebulebas asaxavda, VII s-is damdegisaTvis igi
mxolod warsulis gamoZaxils da safuZvels mokle-
bul Teorias warmoadgenda da mas Sedegi ar mohyolia.
saeklesio organizaciis ganmtkiceba da axali,
monoTeisturi religiis batonobis Semdgomi ganviTare-
ba am dros mniSvnelovnadaa gapirobebuli samonastro
cxovrebis gavrcelebiT. Tumca asketizmis individua-
luri forma, e. w. meudabnoeba, saqarTveloSi V s-Si
warmoiqmna, samonastro cxovrebam, rogorc amqveyniuri
cxovrebidan gandgomis masobrivma movlenam, VI s-Si
farTo gavrceleba hpova.
monoTeizmis safuZvelze warmoqnmilma msof-
lmxedvelobam da filosofiurma azrma, romelic mono-
Teisturi religiis Zlier gavlenas ganicdida, VI s-Si

59
manamde arnaxul mwvervals miaRwia. magram man verc
Tavisi batonobis mwvervalze SeZlo erTaderTi mimdi-
nareoba gamxdariyo da mopirdapire ideuri Sexedule-
bani mTlianad daemorCilebina.
,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martviloba” VI s-is anonimu-
ri Txzulebaa da epoqis Zlieri gavlenis niSnebs Sei-
cavs. esaa, SeiZleba iTqvas, adrindeli feodaluri xa-
nis yvelaze tipuri Zegli, romelSic axali msof-
lmxedvelobis ZiriTadi ideebi dasrulebuli da Tan-
mimdevruli saxiTaa gamoxatuli. es Cans avtoris Se-
moqmedebiT meTodSic da asaxulia idealuri gmiris _
TviT evstaTis SexedulebebSic, sadac amqveyniuri si-
namdvilis ,,araraobis” idea gamoxatulia sruli Tan-
mimdevrobiT da kategoriulobiT.
im istoriul pirobebSi romelsac Zegli ekuT-
vnis, sparseTi, gansakuTrebiT sasanidebis dinastiis
gabatonebis Semdeg, Supovrad ibrZoda saqarTveloSi
politikuri batonobisTvis. aqedan gamomdinare, qris-
tianuli qveynisTvis cecxlTayvanismcemloba realur
saSiSroebas warmoadgenda. rogorc TviT am Txzulebi-
dan Cans, VI s-is Sua xanebSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelo
ukve sparseli moxelis _ marzapanis politikur gam-
geblobaSi imyofeba. amitom axali religiis Tavisebu-
ri apologia aq cecxlTayvanismcemlobis winaaRmdeg
brZolis fonzea gaSlili.
am Txzulebis mixedviT, mTeli sinamdvile ,,uzena-
esi Semoqmedis”, qristianuli monoTeisturi RmerTis
mieraa Seqmnili. TxzulebaSi vrcladaa mocemuli sas-
waulTmoqmedebis aRwerilobani, axali religiis pro-
paganda da Txrobis manera martivia da sqematuri.
Txzulebis TiTqmis naxevari (me-5 da me-6 Tavebi) Zveli
da axali aRTqmis Sinaarsis gadmocemas eTmoba. Txzu-
lebis mTavari gmiri evstaTi mcxeTeli, warmoSobiT
sparselia, magram is sparsul religias uaryofs da
qristianobas aRiarebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, evstaTi mcxe-

60
Teli erT-erTi sqematuri, realur ferebs moklebuli
saxea Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi. gansakuTrebiT kargad
es Txzulebis im adgilebSi vlindeba, sadac misi sik-
vdiliT dasjis dramatuli epizodia aRwerili. misi
adamianuri grZnobebi da miswrafebani aq Tu Caketili
araa, miZinebulia da Sesustebuli.
meore mxriv, swored am dramatul epizodSi, Ta-
vis mokveTis win, romelsac Txzulebis avtori sazeimo
xasiaTs aZlevs, evstaTi warmoTqvams sityvebs, romel-
Sic Sua saukuneebis zneobriobis normatuli principis
simaRleze ayvanili idealia gamoyvanili: ,,Sen ici,
ufalo Cemo iesu qriste rameTu aravin virCie Sensa,
arca mamaÁ, arca dedaÁ, arca Zmani, arca naTesavni, gar-
na Sen mxoloÁ ufali Segiyuare da saxelisa Seni-
saTÂs, esera Tavi warmekveTebis”3.91.
,,evstaTis martvilobaSi” asaxuli cnobili moaz-
rovnisa da filosofiis aristides (Zv. w. II s.) Sexedu-
lebani. TxzulebiT, romelic aristides apologiis sa-
xeliT iyo cnobili, Cans, uxvad usargeblia Cvens av-
tors, gansakuTrebiT im nawilSi, romelSic ciuri mna-
Tobebis gaRmerTebis wimaaRmdegaa mimarTuli. aristi-
de, rogorc zemoT iyo naTqvami, ekuTvnis antikurobi-
dan Sua saukuneebze gardamavali xanis mniSvnelovan
mimarTulebas, romelSic pirvelad ganxorcielda
qristianul religiasa da Zvel berZnul filosofias
Soris kavSiri, Taviseburi unioni rwnenasa da codnas
Soris.
aristide aTenidan iyo da Tavdapirvelad am qalaq-
Si moRvaweobda. aqve sargeblobda gamoCenili filoso-
fosis saxeliT. Semdeg qristianoba miiRo da monoTeiz-
mis dacva da dasabuTeba daisaxa miznad. mis apologia-
Si kritikuladaa ganxiluli qaldevelebis, egviptele-
bisa da berZnebis religiuri Sexedulebani, romlebic
bunebis movlenis (cis, wylis, cecxlis, qaris, mzis,
mTvaris da sxv.) gaRmerTebis ideas gamoxatavs. aristi-

61
des azriT, kreacionizmis ZiriTadi idea samyaros Rmer-
Tis mier Seqmnis Sesaxeb vrceldeba, yvela am movlena-
ze da, cxadia, rom maT ar SeiZleba pirveldasabamis
mniSvneloba hqondeT. RmerTebad ar SeiZleba iyvnen miC-
neuli arc Zveli berZnuli olimpis panTeonis (zevsi,
apoloni, hefestosi da sxv.), arc egviptelTa (izida,
ozirisi da sxv.) da, aseve, sxva RmerTebi.
aristides apologia berZnulad iyo dawerili da
Semdeg (VI s-Si) siriulad iTargmna. qarTvel avtors
SeeZlo esargebla berZnuli an siriuli TargmaniT,
romelic Serulda qarTul-siriul kulturul urTi-
erTobaTa gacxovelebis periodSi4.92.
,,evstaTi mcxeTelis ,,martviloba” mTeli rigi
msoflmxedvelobrivi sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi aristides
apologiis gavlenas ganicdis. gansakuTrebiT es Cans
poloTeizmisa da, kerZod, ciuri mnaTobebis gaRmerTe-
bis Sesaxeb gamoTqmul SexedulebebSi: ,,mze da mTovar
da varsklavni ara RmerT arin, aramed RmerTman mzesa
ganaTleba dRisa ubrZana da mTvaresa da varsklavTa
ganaTleba Ramisa ubrZana, xolo RmerT ara arian”.
aristides apologiiTa nakarnaxevi evstaTi mcxeTelis
mazdeanobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli mosazrebanic: ,,mer-
me kualad cecxli ara RmerT ars, miT, rameTu kaci
ufal ars cecxlisa, amisTÂs ara RmerT ars cec-
xli”5.93
qarTuli filosofiuri azris ganviTarebaSi mniS-
vnelovani damsaxureba miuZRviT e.w. ,,siriel mamebs”,
qarTuli kulturuli mSeneblobis cnobil warmomad-
genlebs. maT moRvaweoba siriaSi daiwyes da Semdeg
qarTlSi gaagrZeles. am moRvaweebis qarTlSi Semos-
vla moxda daaxloebiT VI s-is Sua wlebsa da meore
naxevarSi.
VI s-Si cocxalia da intensiurad viTardeba sa-
qarTvelos kulturuli da filosofiuri kavSirebi si-
riasTan, romelic erTi saukuniT adre, petre iberis

62
dros da misi meSveobiT iyo ganmtkicebuli. TviT am
siriel mamebs Tavisi damsaxureba aqvT am kavSirebis
Semdgom gaRrmavebaSi.
saqarTveloSi, rogorc Zveli kulturis qveyana-
Si, ucxoeTTan kulturul urTierTobebs yovelTvis
mniSvnelovani adgili eWira da hqonda Rrma tradicie-
bi. adre, rogorc vnaxeT, aseTi kavSiri uSualod ber-
Znul filosofiasTan iyo damyarebuli. qristianobis
saxelmwifoebriv religiad gamocxadebisa da misi gav-
rcelebis Semdeg, urTierTobani axal ideologiur sa-
fuZvelze damyarda, magram misi intensiuroba ar Sene-
lebula. cnobilia, rom 325 wlis q. nikeis msoflio sa-
eklesio krebaze biWvinTis episkoposi stratofile Re-
bulobda monawileobas. ieremia iberieli erTxans kon-
stantinopolSi imyofeboda da antinestorianul moRva-
weobas eweoda6.94.
petre iberis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis ganxil-
vis dros saubari gvqonda siriisa da, kerZod, q. gazas
did mniSvnelobaze, maRal doneze, romelzedac iq fi-
losofiuri azrovneba imyofeboda. siria pirveli aR-
mosavluri qveyanaa, romelic antikur filosofias ga-
ecno da filosofiis Semdgomi ganviTarebis wyarod
iqca, rogorc arabuli da arabulenovani samyarosaT-
vis, ise aRmosavleTis qristianuli qveynebisTvis.
V-VII saukuneebSi, rodesac saqarTvelosa da si-
rias Soris urTierTobani xangrZlivsa da gansakuTre-
biT intensiur xasiaTs Rebulobs, siria ara mxolod
qristianul, aramed sakmaod maRal antikuri kulturis
qveyanas warmodgens. filosofias mniSvnelovani adgi-
li eWira siriul mwerlobasa da mravalricxovan sko-
lebSi, sadac igi Seswavlis erT-erT ZiriTad sagnad
iyo miRebuli. aq, V s-Si arsebobda aristoteles ,,or-
ganonis” ramdenime calkeuli Txzulebis Targmanebi
da komentarebi7.95am dros warmoiqmna siriaSi panTeis-
turi filosofiuri Txzuleba ,,wigni ieroTeosisa”,

63
romelsac cnobil avtors bar-sud-ailes miawerdnen,
xolo e. honigmanis azriT, misi avtori petre iberis
naTlia da aRmzrdeli ioane lazi unda yofiliyo.
VI s-dan siriuli mwerloba gamdidrda cnobili
moazrovnis sergi reSainelis originaluri filosofi-
uri TxzulebebiT da berZnulidan Sesrulebuli Tar-
gmanebiT (porfiriosis ,,Sesavali”, aristoteles ,,kate-
goriebi”, misive traqtati sulze). sergi reSainelis
originaluri Txzulebebi exeboda imdroindel azrov-
nebaSi aqtualur uaryofisa da hoyofis sakiTxebs lo-
gikaSi, samyaros mizezebs aristoteles mixedviT.
cnobili iyo traqtati ,,samyaros arsebobis mize-
zebze”, romelsac didxans aristoteles miawerdnen. am
Txzulebis arabul Targmans warmoadgenda Sua sauku-
neebSi gavrcelebuli Txzuleba ”Liber de causis” (,,wigni
mizezTa”). rogorc Semdeg gairkva, es wigni prokles
mTavari Txzulebis _ ,,Teologiis pirvelsawyisebi” _
Semoklebul redaqcias warmoadgenda8.96cnobili iyo,
agreTve, traqtati mTvaris moqmedebisa da gavlenis Se-
saxeb, romelic warmoadgens cis Sesaxeb galenis erT-
erTi Txzulebis ganmartebas.
daviT garejeli da abibos nekreseli. siriidan
qarTlSi dabrunebul moRvaweTagan SevCerdebiT am ori
moazrovnis Sexedulebebze. sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, ra
adgili eWiraT am moRvaweebs qristianuli eklesiis
SigniT wamoWril mimarTulebaTa Soris winaaRmdego-
bebSi, specialur Seswavlas saWiroebs. k. kekeliZes
isini monofizitebad miaCnda, iv. javaxiSvili fiqrob-
da, rom maT mizans qalkedonitobis (diofizitobis) qa-
dageba Seadgenda. Cven vexebiT maT Sexedulebebs amqvey-
niuri sinamdvilis mniSvnelobasa da Rirebulebaze,
adamianis arsebis gagebaze da sakiTxs _ antikuri fi-
losofiuri memkvidreobis adgilze maT naazrevSi.
daviT garejeli aviTarebs Cveulebriv monoTeis-
tur Sexedulebebs RmerTisa da qveynis (amqveyniuri si-

64
namdvilis) mimarTebaze. mas RmerTi esmis, rogorc sam-
yaros Semqmneli, ,,mzrdeli da nugeSismcemeli yovel-
Ta SeqmnilTa da dabadebulTa misTa”, rogorc ganmge-
beli. mis mier ,,izardebian yovelni kacni”, pirutyvni,
mcenareni, ,,mfrinvelni cisani da Tevzni zRvisa-
ni”9.97mis ,,cxovrebaSi~ gadmocemulia filosofiis is-
toriisaTvis sayuradRebo Teoriuli mosazrebebi, rom-
lebsac daviT garejeli mimarTavs amqveyniuri sinam-
dvilis da mniSvnelobis uaryofis mizniT.
mis wyaros am SemTxvevaSi antikuri filosofii-
dan momdinare ideebi Seadgens, kerZod, platonis Sexe-
dulebani, romlebsac is xiluli samyaros, rogorc
,,aCrdilTa samyaros” gagebisa da rogorc doqsaluri
arsebobis dasabuTebisTvis iyenebda. ,,yovelni (nivTni)
qveynierni _ ambobs daviT garejeli _ cvaleba da
w/ar/maval arian”. Tanmimdevrulad JRers misi sityvebi
_ ,,Wiri aqa mcire ars da warmaval, xolo dideba igi
muni mouklebel ars da waruval”; da daskvna, rome-
lic aqedan gamomdinareobs, asrulebs garkveul socia-
lur funqcias: ,,jer ars aqa moTmineba”10.98.
daviT garejelis moRvaweobaSi dasabuTebisa da
diskursiuli azrovnebis momentebi im xazis gagrZele-
baa, romelic TeologiaSi filosofiis ,,SeWriT” aris
gansazRvruli da rwmenisa da codnis unioniT daiwyo;
qarTuli azrovnebis ganviTrebaSi am xazis brwyinvale
warmomadgeneli asurel moRvaweTa winamorbedi petre
iberi iyo. SemdegSi es procesi sul ufro da ufro
Rrmavdeba da Tavisi ganviTarebis umaRles wertils
XI-XII ss-is feodalur saqarTveloSi aRwevs.
Sio mRvimelisa da abibos nekreselis ,,cxovrebe-
biT” irkveva, rom am dros CvenSi kargad iyo cnobili
empedokles (490-430) oTxi stiqionis, oTxi elementis
(anu sawyisis) Teoria. rogorc cnobilia, es Teoria
aristotelem gaiziara da es iyo erT-erTi mizezi misi
Sua saukuneebSi gavrcelebisa da farTo aRiarebisa.

65
abibos nekreseli ara mxolod icnobs am Teorias, is
iyenebs mas, rogorc qristianuli monoTeizmis Teori-
ul sabuTs da, amave dros, mazdeanuri religiis kri-
tikisa da uaryofis mizniT.
abibos nekreseli evstaTi mcxeTelis Tanamedro-
vea; maT analogiuri politikur da ideologiur viTa-
rebaSi uxdebaT cxovreba da moRvaweoba; maTi cxovre-
biseuli bedic daaxloebiT erTnairia. nekreseli, ev-
staTi mcxeTelis msgavsad, aRmoCndeba sparseli marza-
panis pirispir, rogorc braldebuli _ qristianuli
religiis propagandisa da mazdeanobis kritikis gamo.
magran evstaTisgan gansxvavebiT, Teoriuli mosazrebe-
biT icavs monoTeistur religias da am mizniT iyenebs
antikur filosofiur Teorias. marzapanTan sityvieri
kamaTis dros nekreseli gamoTqvams Sexedulebas, rom
cecxli sul sxva bunebisaa (,,sxuaTa bunebaTagani
ars”) RmerTTan SedarebiT da arsebiTad gansxvavdeba
misgan, rogorc Semoqmedisgan. cecxli, iseve rogorc
,,notia (wyali), civi (haeri) da meli (miwa)”, warmoad-
gens mxolod masalas, ,,romelTagan aRhmarTa RmerTman
sofeli ese”.
rodesac abibos nekreselma marzapanis aRSfoTe-
bul SekiTxvaze _ ratom mokla RmerTi? _ upasuxa:
,,uwyebul iyavn Senda, viTarmed RmerTi ara momiklavs,
xolo cecxli davSrite. ara ars igi RmerTi”11.99cec-
xli nivTier bunebas ekuTvnis da isevea Seqmnili da
dabadebuli, rogorc danarCeni elementebi.
nekreselTan SemTxveviT araa es debuleba xazgas-
muli.
antikur filosofiasa da monoTeizms erTi arse-
biTi, principuli mniSvnelobis Sexeduleba hyofs er-
TmaneTisgan. antikuri filosofiidan momdinare myari
tradiciis mixedviT, arss aqvs Tavisi realuri mizezi,
romlisganac is warmoiqmneba da amitom sruliad miu-
Rebelia antikuri msoflgagebisTvis samyaros araras-

66
gan Semqmnis idea. rogorc b. raseli SeniSnavs, antiku-
ri RmerTi imdenad Seqmneli araa, ramdenadac ostati
da mSenebeli. monoTeizmi ki, piriqiT, kreacionistuli
moZRvrebaa da mis ZiriTad pricips samyaros ararasa-
gan Seqmna warmoadgens.
rac Seexeba oTxi elementis Teorias, romelsac
nekreseli iyenebs, aq RmerTi mSenebelic araa; Tu oTxi
elementi da maTi mamoZravebeli, siyvarulisa da si-
Zulvilis saxiT, sakmarisi pirobaa am Teoriis antiku-
ri avtoris _ empedoklesTvis rom samyaros warmoqmnis
garkveuli suraTi Seqmnas da Sesaferisi kosmologia
aagos, abibos nekreselTan TviT es oTxi elementic
RvTaebrivi Seqmnis Sedegs warmoadgens. oTxi elemen-
tis masalis saxiT arseboba gamoricxulia monoTeiz-
misTvis, radgan samyaros ararsisgan arsad moyvanis
ideas diametrulad ewinaaRmdegeba. rogorc vnaxeT,
nekreselma gamosavali imaSi naxa, rom oTxi elementic
dabadebul movlenaTa ricxvSi moaTavsa.
aieti da fartazi (fartaZe) _ feodaluri xanis
qarTuli sazogadoebrivi da filosofiuri azris war-
momadgenlebi arian, magram maTi msoflmxedveloba da
sazogadoebrivi interesebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba
imdroindel qarTul agiografiul mwerlobaSi asaxu-
li gmirebis idealebisgan.
aieti da fartazi moRvaweobdnen dasavleT saqar-
TveloSi, lazikaSi; cnobebi maT Sesaxeb daculia bi-
zantiis imperatoris iustinianes istorikosis agaTi
mirinelis (535_582) saistorio TxzulebaSi12.100.
mecnierebaSi agaTis es Txzuleba iTvleba sando
da keTilsindisier wyarod. damajerebelia misi sityve-
bi: ,,me davwer istorias ara imgvarad, rogorc amas ex-
la bevri akeTebs...”, ara imaT msgavsad, romlebic ”yve-
laze nakleb zrunaven WeSmaritebaze, rom aRweron am-
bebi ise, rogorc isini sinamdvileSi mimdinareob-
dnen”13.101agaTi sakmao obieqturobas iCens lazebis mi-

67
marTac; ar malavs bizantielebis gasakicx saqciels,
romelmac lazebis aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia. wers lazeb-
ze, rogorc ,,saxelganTqmul” simdidriT, ,,wesierebiT
da pirdapiri zniT” dajildoebul xalxze14.102aRniS-
navs imasac, rom mis dros arsebobdnen specialuri da-
niSnulebis kacebi, ,,romlebsac swrafi weris gamocdi-
leba hqondaT da icodnen dawerilis swrafi gaSif-
vra”. amgvari specialistebi sagangebod eswrebodnen,
mag., gubazis mkvlelobis garCevis saqmes (iqve).
aietisa da fartazis moRvaweobis dro sakmaod
mZime periodia lazikis istoriaSi. mefe gubazs rTul
pirobebSi uxdeboda sagareo politikis warmoeba da
iZulebuli iyo ramdenjerme Seecvala politikuri
orientacia bizantiasa da sparseTs Soris. bolos bi-
zantiis sardlebma gubazi sakuTari marcxis gamrTle-
bisTvis gamoiyenes, mas sparselebTan kavSiri daabra-
les da SetyuebiT mokles (554 w.).
,,veragulma mkvlelobam”, rogorc bizantieli is-
torikosi wers, aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia lazikis sazogao-
debasa da jarSi. erT-erT xeobaSi farulad Catarebul
mravalricxovan krebaze sazogadoeba orad gaiyo. erTi
nawili, aietis meTaurobiT, bizantiis sawinaaRmdego
politikisa da sparseTTan kavSirisaken mouwodebda.
fartazi gubazis mkvlelobis gamo brals mxolod bi-
zantiis mkvlelebs sdebda da bizantiasTan politiku-
ri kavSiris Sexedulebas icavda.
aietisa da fartazis politikuri orientacia
sxvadasxvaa; gansxvavebulia maTi Sexedulebanic sazo-
gadoebriv urTierTobaTa ideuri safuZvlebis Sesaxeb.
magram is, rac maT aerTianebT, maTi patriotizmia,
xalxze da maT damoukidebulebaze zrunva.
Cven vfiqrobT, rom patriotuli miswrafebebis
warmoqmnas da erovnuli TviTSegnebis ganmtkicebas
mxolod politikuri da sociologiuri mniSvneloba
ara aqvs. Sua saukuneebis kulturisa da msoflmxedve-

68
lobriv mimarTulebaTa progresul ganviTarebaSi, ro-
melic, rogorc iTqva, amqveyniuri sinamdvilis Rirebu-
lebis aRiarebisa da ,,dedamiwis aRmoCenisken” aris mi-
marTuli, erovnuli Segneba zogadideuri ganviTarebis
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani gamovlenaa. es Segneba fiqsir-
deba dedamiwis garkveul, konkretul nawilze da ,,ada-
mianTa urTierTobebisa” da kulturis konkretul ga-
remoSi.
religiuri SegnebiT gamsWvaluli qarTuli mwer-
loba da Tavad religia aq mcire rols ar asrulebda.
is iTvisebda adgilobriv, lokalur tradiciebs, adaT-
Cvevebs, kults, asaxavda tomis, xalxis da eris Tavise-
burebebs da xels uwyobda erovnuli TviTSegnebisa da
patriotuli grZnobebis ganmtkicebas.
magram, rodesac religia msoflio batonobaze
acxadebs pretenzias da religiuri grZnoba doqtrinad
iqceva, erovnuli interesebi iCrdileba da is veRar as-
rulebs erovnuli TviTSegnebis ganmtkicebis faqtoris
daniSnulebas. aRmosavleT romis eklesiis erT-erTi
didi avtoriteti basili didi cnobili saeklesio
moRvaweebis Sesaxeb werda: ,,am wmindanebs ara hqondaT
erTi samSoblo, radgan TiToeuli maTgani sxvadasxva
adgilidan iyo da mere ra? ra vuwodoT maT? adamiane-
bi, romlebsac ara aqvT samSoblo, Tu msoflio moqa-
laqeebi?” avtoris saboloo SexedulebiT, arc erTi,
arc meore. araa saerTod ,,saWiro maTi miwieri samSob-
los Zieba”, radgan maT adgilsamyofeli aqvT ,,RvTaeb-
riv qalaqSi”15.103.
faqtebi adasturebs, rom istoriul sinamdvileSi,
Cveni xalxisa da eris istoriis mTeli arsebobis man-
Zilze iSviaTad Tu vinme iyo mowyvetili sruliad
,,Tavis miwier samSoblos”. piriqiT, patriotuli gan-
wyobilebisa da ,,erovnuli suli” gamovlenas qarTuli
kulturuli Semoqmedebi dasawyisidanve hqonda adgili.

69
 orive oratori, aietica da fartazic, Tavis sit-
yvebSi aRniSnavdnen ,,kolxTa Zvel Rirsebas”, qveynis
Zvel ,,mSobliur wesebs”, ,,kolxis Tavisufal Segne-
bas”, ,,ubedurebis”, ,,vaJkacurad atanis” unars, ,,mama-pa-
puri wesebis Seubilwvelobas”.
aietis sityvis erTi adgilidan Cans, rom mis ide-
als kolxeTis sruli damoukidebloba Seadgenda. qvey-
nis kavSiri ucxo qveyanasTan miuRebeli iyo misTvis,
Tu es kavSiri ,,xelqveiTobamde” daiyvanda, ganurCev-
lad imisa, bizantia iqneboda es ,,mokavSire”, Tu spar-
seTi: ,,me vinatridi kolxeTis saxelmwifos hqondes mi-
si Zveli Zliereba, mas ar dasWirebodes ucxo da gare-
Se daxmareba da rom yovelgvar saqmianobaSi, rogorc
omianobis, ise mSvidobianobis dros, mxolod sakuTar
Tavs eyrdnobodes”. magram ,,JamTa trialiT” Tu ”bedis
ukuRmarTobiT” gamowveul SemTxvevebSi is umjobesad
miiCnevs ,,imaT xelSi yofnas”, vinc ,,ufro keTilis
msurvelia, vinc uryevad icavs keTilganwyobilebas Ta-
visianebisa da mokavSireTa mimarT”16.104.
gansakuTrebul interess imsaxurebs, aietisa da
fartazis sityvebis is adgilebi, romlebic saxelmwi-
foebs Soris arsebul urTierTobaTa simtkices da er-
Ti saxelmwifos meoreze batonobis safuZvlebs exeba.
sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa safuZvels, mis ,,ke-
Til sawyiss”, aietis sityviT, ,,saTnoianoba” warmoad-
gens. sazogadoebrivi cxovreba eTikur sawyisze da mo-
ralur principzea damyarebuli da Tu erTi saxelmwi-
fo meoreze gamrjvebas xSirad iaraRiT aRwevs, igi ar
SeiZleba Semdgomi urTierTobebis mtkice safuZvlad
iqces: gamarjvebas iaraRi ki ar ganamtkicebs xolme,
aramed ,,saTnoianoba”.
saTnoianoba sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa obieq-
turi sawyisia. is, rom sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa
ganmsazRvrel Zalad iqces, calkeuli pirovnebani un-
da gaxdnen am principis matareblebi. ,,saTnoianobas”,

70
rogorc ,,keTil sawyiss”, adamianebi unda ,,eziaron” da
am gziT igi calkeul pirovnebebSi unda ganxorciel-
des. am zogadi mosazrebebis mixedviT aieti askvnis,
rom kolxeTis kavSirs bizantielebTan ar SeiZleba
mtkice safuZveli hqondes. bizantielebi, rogorc gu-
baz mefis veragi mkvlelebi, ,,borotmoqmedi da sis-
xlSi gasvrili adamianebi” _ SeuZlebelia keTil saw-
yiss eziaron.
,,yovelives ganmgebeli”, ganagrZnobs aieti, uris-
xdeba imaT, ,,visac sworad azrovnebis unari ar gaaCnia
(da romlebSic, Cans, aieti bizantielebis momxre Tana-
memamuleebs gulisxmobs), xolo sparselebis mxareze
gadasvla ,,uzenaessac esiamovneba”. gonier adamianebs
Seefereba ar aitanon udidesi da aunazRaurebeli vne-
bani da dauyonebliv gadauxadon mters samagiero. sa-
Wiroa simtkcis gamoCena da ,,gonierebis TvalsazrisiT
gasinjva”. moqmedeba unda iyos ,,swori, samarTliani”
da iseTi, ,,rac sargeblobas mogvitans”.
fartazi, istorikosis sityviT, ,,kaci kolxTa So-
ris gavleniani da gonieri”, ufro meti garkveulobiT
miuTiTebs sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis adamianisagan da-
moukidebel msvlelobaze: ,,gana SesaZlebelia viTare-
bis Setrialeba ZaliT da misi ise moqceva, rogorc ge-
siamovneba?”17,105,magram aseTi ,,determinizmi” ar gamo-
ricxavs adamianis ,,mizanSewonil da sasargeblo” moq-
medebas. ,,windasaxuli mizani” da mis Sesaferisad
,,warmarTuli msjeloba” obieqturi garemoebisadmi un-
da iyos SeTanxmebuli. fartazi Tavis politikur mo-
sazrebebs am zogadi debulebiT amarTlebs da Tavis
xalxs ,,erTi an ori kacis danaSaulis gamo” sazoga-
doebrivi obieqturi viTarebis ugulebelyofisgan af-
rTxilebs.
Tu aieti sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis safuZvlebs
eTikis sferoSi xedavda, fartazis mixedviT aseT sa-
fuZvels ,,azrTa erTianoba” Seadgens.

71
 sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis warmmarTveli, farta-
zis mixedviT, ,,uzenaesi arsebaa” da mis mieraa gansaz-
Rvruli adamianTa cxovrebis Taviseburebani. safiqre-
belia, rom am ,,azrTa erTianobaSi” pirvel rigSi misi
religiuri Sinaarsi, igulisxmeba. es miaCnia fartazs
qristianul bizantiasTan kavSiris sabuTad. sparseleb-
Si, piriqiT, fartazi xedavs ,,uzenaesi arsebis sastik
mtrebs” da amitom maTTan kavSirs ,,marTlmorwmuneo-
bis” SebRalvad Tvlis.
wina TavSi ganxiluli gvqonda maniqevelobis Zi-
riTadi Sexedulebani da am moZRvrebis gavrcelebis
sakiTxi V s-is qarTlSi. SevexeT Zvel, kerZod, giorgi
mTawmidlis Sexedulebas eretikosebis Sesaxeb saqar-
TveloSi. rogorc cnobilia, giorgi marto ar iyo da
igive Sexedulebas gamoTqvamda efrem mcire (XI s.). es
debuleba daakanona ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebam
1103 wels da aRiara aucilebel WeSmaritebad romelic
,,gabatonebuli iyo XX saukunemde”18.106magram, rogorc
vnaxeT, amgvari Sexeduleba ewinaaRmdegeba istoriul
faqtebsac da eretikosobis istoriuli mniSvnelobis
dRevandel Sefasebasac.
rogorc iv. javaxiSvilma gaarkvia, ,,arianozobis
garda, romlis saqarTveloSi arsebobis Sesaxeb Cven
cnobebi jer-jerobiT mainc ar mogvepoveba, im mTavari
problemebis gamo, brZola, romelic msoflio ekle-
sias aRelvebda qarTuli sarwmunoebrivi azrovnebis-
Tvis ucxo ar yofila”. Tu am mimdinareobis Sesaxeb
cnobil mecniers arafris Tqma ar SeeZlo, isic imis
gamo, rogorc is SeniSnavs, rom IV s-is saqarTvelos
Sesaxeb saerTod cota cnobebia daculi.
maniqevelobis garda, saqarTveloSi sakmaod gav-
rcelebuli yofila nestorianoba, mimarTuleba, rome-
lic aRmocenda qristianul eklesiaSi V s-Si da dag-
mobil iqna q. efesis msoflio saeklesio krebaze 431
wels. am mimarTulebis wamomwyebi antioqiis skolis

72
gamoCenili moZRvari da episkoposi Teodore iyo, misi
yvelaze cnobili warmomadgeneli, romelmac mimdinare-
obas saxeli gauTqva, _ Teodores mowafe nestori iyo.
nestori, ariozis msgavsad, uaryofda qristeSi
RvTaebriv bunebas, ufro sworad, RvTaebriv sawyiss
qristeSi meorad movlenad Tvlida da aswavlida, rom
RvTaeba qristeSi Semdeg iyo ,,Casaxlebuli” misi gansa-
kuTrebuli siwmindis gamo. saqarTveloSi gavrcelebu-
li eresebis cnobili mkvlevari iv. javaxiSvili ,,auci-
lebel faqtad” Tvlida saqarTveloSi nestorianTa
seqtis arsebobas V s-is dasasrulidan VII s-is dasaw-
yisamde19.107vaxtang gorgaslis mefobis dros nestori-
anTa ricxvi imdenad gazrdila, rom maT calke episko-
posi hyoliaT. papi grigol didis qarTlis kaTolikos
kirionTan gamogzavnili epistoledan irkveva, rom am
dros (epistole dawerilia 601 wels) qarTlSi arsebob-
dnen nestorianebi, romelTa nawili marTlmadideblur
eklesias ubrundeboda.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom feodalur saqarTveloSi
gavrcelebul religiur da eretikul mimdinareobaTa
Soris, iseve rogorc bizantiis imperiaSi, yvelaze didi
mniSvneloba qristianuli eklesiis SigniT Casaxul or
mimdinareobas hqonda _ qalkedonitobas (diofizitobas)
da monofizitobas. mas Semdeg, rac VII s-is dasawyisidan
saqarTveloSi qalkedonitoba orTodoqsul mimdinareo-
bad iqna aRiarebuli, monofizitoba iqca aq arsebiTad,
erTaderT eretikul moZRvrebad, romelic drodadro
iCenda Tavs da gabatonebuli wreebis yuradRebas ip-
yrobda20.108
sainteresoa, rom ariozisa (325 w.) da nestoriano-
bis (431w.) dagmobis azri qristes RvTaebriobaze imde-
nad ganmtkicda, rom davas aRar iwvevda. davisa da mwva-
ve diskusiebis sagnad misi adamianuri bunebis sakiTxi
iqca.

73
 pirveli mniSvnelovani moZRvreba, romelic qriste-
Si adamianur sawyiss uaryofda, qristianuli eklesiis
SigniT Caisaxa, did moZraobad iqca da mravalricxovani
mimdevrebi gauCnda, monofizitoba iyo. misi ZiriTadi
idea qristeSi erTi, RvTaebrivi bunebis aRiareba da
adamianurobis uaryofaa: ,,qristeSi ara mxolod erTi
piria, aramed erTi bunebaa, RvTaebrivi”21.109.
moZraoba konstantinopolSi daiwyo (misi meTauri
iyo evtixi  _  konstantinopolis monastridan) da dagmo-
bil iqna flabiane konstantinopolelis mier 448 wels
mowveul saeklesio krebaze. misi meTauri gakicxes, wo-
deba CamoarTves da eklesiisgan gankveTes. magram ekle-
siis SigniT wamoWrili winaaRmdegobani ar Serbilebu-
la. monofizitobas arseboba ar Seuwyvetia da mas Sem-
deg, rac mas keisari Teodosi II miemxro, mZlavr moZra-
obad iqca. erTi wlis Semdeg (449 w.) Teodosim axali
kreba moiwvia q. efesSi, sadac monofizitebma srul ga-
marjvebas miaRwies. efesis krebam dagmo da gakicxa moZ-
raobis meTauris evtixis mowinaaRmdegeebi da qristeSi
erTi bunebis dogmati daakanona. SeiaRerebuli jaris
daxmarebiT, evtixis erTguli da monofizitobis momxre
monazonTa mravalricxovani brbo miuvarda konstanti-
nopolis eklesiis mesveurs flabianes, scemes da iseTi
fizikuri ziani miayenes, rom is ramdenime dRis Semdeg
gardaicvala.
aRmosavleT romis eklesiaSi mdgomareoba imdenad
garTulda, rom aucilebeli gaxda saqmeSi, romis papi
leon didi Careuliyo22.110.man arakanonierad gamoacxada
da uaryo 449 wlis efesis krebis gadawyvetilebani da
kategoriulad mimarTa keisars Teodos II-s moewvia axa-
li msoflio kreba da xelaxla ganexilaT sadiskusio
sakiTxebi. magram keisris moulodneli sikvdilis gamo
(450 w.) es kreba markianes (450-457 ww.) mefobis dros Ca-
tarda.

74
 451 wels Catarebuli kreba eklesiis istoriaSi
qalkedonis IV msoflio saeklesio krebis saxelwode-
biT Sevida. am krebaze dakanonda qristes orbunebovne-
bis dogmati, romelic saSualo xazs gamoxatavs da mi-
marTulia rogorc nestoris, aseve monofizitebis wina-
aRmdeg, aRiarebs qristeSi ,,erT pirsa da or bunebas”,
RvTaebrivsa da adamianurs (,,qriste aris WeSmariti
RmerTi da WeSmariti adamiani”)23.111
monofizitoba, rogorc iTqva, sakmarisad myar da
Zlier mimdinareobas warmoadgenda qristianul samyaro-
Si, gansakuTrebiT aRmosavleT romis imperiaSi da Sem-
deg bizantiaSi. aRmosavleTis qristian qveynebs Soris
monofizitebi bevria. monofizituria dRevandlamde Cve-
ni mezobeli somxeTis eklesia. monofizitoba iyo, ro-
gorc iTqva, gabatonebuli V-VI ss-is qarTlSic. da Tu
davicavT eresisa da marTlmadideblobis cnebaTa zust
mniSvnelobas, amdroindel saqarTveloSi monofizitoba
ar SeiZleba eretikul moZRvrebad, an Zveli qarTuli
terminiT _ mwvaleblobad CaiTvalos.
aq, monofizitoba mwvaleblobad iqca VII s-is da-
sawyisidan, rodesac sabolood gairkva religiuri ori-
entacia da qarTulma eklesiam daakanona qalkedonis
dogmati. es mniSvnelovani faqti dakavSirebulia qar-
Tvel-somexTa Soris momxdar sarwmunoebriv ganxeTqi-
lebasTan, romlis dasasruli da Sedegebi naTlad Cans
abraam somexTa kaTalikosis 607-608 wlis epistole-
Si24.112.
ganxeTqilebaze, romelic qarTvelTa da somxebs
Soris moxda sarwmuneobriv niadagze da saqarTveloSi
qalkedonituri orientaciis ganmtkicebis mniSvneloba-
ze, sakmaod mravalmxrivi mosazrebania gamoTqmuli Ta-
namedrove mecnierebaSi. Ees faqti Sefasebulia qarTu-
li politikuri da kulturuli urTierTobebis Tval-
sazrisiT im qveynebTan, romlebTanac saqarTvelo xan-
gZlivad iyo dakavSirebuli Sua saukuneebis pirobebSi,

75
maT Soris or did saxelmwifosTan _ bizantiasa da
sparseTTan, romlebic xSirad awydebodnen urTieTwina-
aRmdegobas iberiaSi Tu kolxeTSi politikuri da kul-
turuli batonobis ganmtkicebisTvis brZoli dros.
sparseTSi am dros arsebobda nestorianuli jgu-
febi. kidev ufro metad monofizituri koloniebi. som-
xeTi, romelic am dros sparseTis batonobas ganicdida,
mtkiced da uryevad icavda sparsulsa da monofizitur
orientacias. im konkretul situaciaSi monofizitobis-
gan gandgoma niSnavda sparseTisagan gandgomas, da esec
Seafasa es somexTa kaTalikosma abraamma. Ppolitikuri
sarCuli mowodebisa, romliTac man qarTuli eklesiis
meTaurs mimarTa _ ,,nu Secvli Cveni mamebis aRqTmas, ro-
melic maT urTierTTanxmobiT daadgines, nu gamoeyofi
Cvens erTobas... da nu daeTanxmebi berZnebs!” _ naTeli
xdeba missive sityebidan: ,,ratom unda viyveT (erTi) me-
feTa mefis (igulisxmeba sparseTis mefe, _ S. x.) qveSev-
rdomni megobrul (sityva-sityviT-sasiyvarulo) Tanxmo-
baSi ucxo saxelmwifosTan da gamoveTiSoT erTmorwmu-
neebs”. qarTlis ,,gamoyofa” aseT SemTxvevaSi abraams
esaxeba ara mxolod warmoudgenlad, aramed ,,friad mZi-
me” faqtad25.113.
am faqts saqarvelosTvis didi kulturuli mniS-
vnelobas hqonda. rogorc iv. javaxiSvili xazgasmiT
werda, ,,qarTvelTa da somexTa sarwmunoebrivi erTobi-
sa Tu ganxeTqilebis sakiTxi arsebiTad imaze iyo damo-
kidebuli, aRmosavleTis, sparseTis saeklesio tradici-
asa da moZRvrebas miemxroboda saqarTvelo, Tu dasav-
leTisas, berZnul-romaul qristianobas?”26,114qalkedonu-
ri mrwamsis gabatoneba bizantiuri kulturuli orian-
taciis gamarjvebis da Semdgomi ganmtkicebis arsebiT
pirobas warmoadgenda da Cveni qveynis istoriuli ganvi-
Tarebis TvalsazrisiT didi mniSveloba hqonda.
es istoriuli faqti mecnierebaSi ganxilulia
dogmatikuri TvalsazrisiTac. Mmagram araa Seswavlili

76
diofizitizmis principi Sua saukuneebis msoflmxedve-
lobrivi ganviTarebis kuTxiT. saxeldobr, amqveyniuri
sinamdvili Rirebulebisa da mniSvnelobis aRdgenis,
adamianis amqveyniuri yofierebis mniSvnelobis da adami-
anuris renesansuli gagebis TvalsazrisiT, zecisa da
qveynis dualizmis daZlevisa da amis msoflmxedvelob-
rivi mniSvnelobis TvalsazrisiT.
bunebrivad dgeba sakiTxi: ra mniSvneloba unda
hqonoda Sua saukuneebis ideuri ganviTarebisa da prog-
resis magistralur xazze eretikul monofizitobas da
orTodoqsalur diofizitobas?
Cvens mecnierebaSi sakmaod gavrcelebuli Sexedu-
lebis (S. nucubiZe) mixedviT, eretikuli moZraobebi da
orTodoqsalurad aRiarebul SexedulebaTa sawinaaR-
mdego ideebi, romlebic mTeli Sua saukuneebis manZil-
ze vrceldeboda, warmoadgenda revoluciur opozicias
da progresul rols asrulebda. Cven ar migvaCnia swo-
rad aseTi ganzogadeba da vfiqrobT, rom eretikuli
mimdinareobani unda Sefasdes yoveli calkeuli kon-
kretuli viTarebis mixedviT, imisgan damoukideblad,
rogoraa is kvalificirebuli oficialuri saeklesio
wreebis mier, miT umetes, rom xSirad erTi da igive mim-
dinareoba erT qveyanaSi da kulturul garemoSi orTo-
doqsuldaa aRiarebuli, meoreSi _ eretikulad.
vfiqrobT, rom qalkedonianoba im TvalsazrisiT,
romliTac Cven Sua saukuneebis ideur ganviTarebas vi-
xilavT, progresuli movlena iyo yvela eresTan da gan-
sakuTrebiT monofizitobasTan SedarebiT.
qristeSi RvTaebrivi da adamianuri sawyisebis ga-
erTianeba warmoadgenda zecisa da miwis dualizmis
daZlevas Tavisebur, religiur formaSi. adamianis aRia-
reba qristeSi, rac RmerTkacis Taviseburi warmodgenis
saxiT Camoyalibda, qmnida garkveul niadags Tavad ada-
mianobis Rirebulebis aRiarebisa da adamianSi adamianu-
ris gamarTlebisTvis, adamianze im niSnebis gavrcele-

77
bisTvis, romlebsac Sua saukuneebis azrovneba mxolod
imqveyniuris kuTvnilebad Tvlida.
adamianuris uaryofa qristeSi mTlianad swyvetda
mas amqveyniuri, realuri sinamdvilisgan da kidev ufro
aRrmavebda dualizms zeciursa da miwiers Soris, aR-
rmavebda safuZvels xiluli samyaros ugulebelyofis-
Tvis, xelovnebaSi antikuri ,,sensualisturi esTetkis”
sawinaarmdegod ,,spiritualisturi esTetikis” ganviTa-
rebisTvis.
cnobilia, rom pirvel msoflio saeklesio kreba-
ze q. nikeaSi, 325 wels, romelzedac ariozis eresi iyo
dagmobili, sagangebo dadgenileba iyo gamotanili
mrgvali qandakebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb da es im motiviT,
rom xelovnebis es dargi adamianis sxeulis silamazes
asaxierebs da ara sulisas. cnobilia, rom aRmosavle-
Tis qveynebSi, da kerZod, saqarTveloSi, amis gamo Se-
ferxda xelovnebis am dargis ganviTareba. rogorc gi-
orgi CubinaSvili SeniSnavs, XI s-is qarTul Wedur xe-
lovnebaSi didi ZaliTa da ostatobiT gamovlenil
skulpturul gamosaxulebas gza gadauRoba aRmosavle-
Tis eklesiis arakeTilganwyobilebam, romelmac (ekle-
siam) axdilad akrZala ,,qristianuli legendisa da misi
personaJebis” qandakebis formaSi ganxorcieleba. piri-
qiT, dasavleT evropaSi aseT akrZalvas ar hqonia adgi-
li da amitom ,,gavida iq qandakeba farTo SemoqmedebiT
gzaze”27.115.
monofizitobis uaryofiTi roli miT ufro sag-
Znobi unda yofiliyo, rom es moZRvreba, rogorc zeviT
aRvniSneT, mdgrad da Seupovar mimdinareobas warmoad-
genda. qalkedonis krebis Semdeg monofizitebi sxvadas-
xva motiviT ganagrZnobdnen brZolas. qalkedonis kre-
bis dadgenilebaSi xedavdnen nestorianobis aRdgenas.
herakle keisari (610-641). cdilobda monofizitebi impe-
riis eklesiis garSemo SemoeerTebina, magram es cdebi
uSedegod damTavrda. warmoiqmna axali mwvalebloba,

78
romelic arsebiTad monofizitobis saxesxvaobas warmo-
adgenda (axali saxelwodebiT cnobili eresi _ monoTe-
litoba _ qristeSi or nebelobas uaryofda da erTi ne-
bis arsebobas qadagebda). saqmes is arTulebda, rom he-
rakles memkvidre keisari konstantine III (641-668) am mim-
dinareobas miemxro. magram am mimdinareobam batonobas
ver miaRwia da dagmobil iqna VI saeklesio krebaze 680
wels (da Semdeg 692 w.).
VIII s-Si axali _ xatebis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli _
mwvalebloba warmoiqmna, romelsac ramdenime Taobis ke-
isari uWerda mxars da mTeli saukunis ganmavlobaSi
uwevda winaaRmdegobas krebaze dakanonebul orTodoq-
sias. es iyo realuri sinamdvilidan mowyvetisa, yurad-
Rebis abstrahirebisa da adamianuris ugulebelyofis
axali cda. magram am moZraobas, rogorc Cans, seriozu-
li kvali ar dautovebia arc qarTul religiur azrov-
nebaze da arc kulturul Semoqmedebasa da msoflmxed-
velobriv ganviTarebaze.
martviri qarTveli. am avtoris saxelTan dakavSi-
rebuli traqtati 8 Tavisgan Sedgeba da warmoadgens
tipur asketur Txzulebas. avtori dasawyisSi monazo-
nis ideals iZleva da cdilobs amgvari cxovrebis reg-
lamenti daadginos. pirvel yovlisa, rogorc es Seefe-
reba asketur ideals, monazonma unda uaryos yovelive
amqveyniuri, uaryos sakuTari nebac, rac warmoadgens
locvis dros RmerTTan SeerTebis aucilebel pirobas.
avtori mouwodebs locvis, sinanulisa da gode-
bisken, raTa adamianebma gamoisyidon Tavi codvebisagan,
romlebic xels uSlis da dabrkolebas uqmnis mistiku-
ri miznis ganxorcielebas RmerTTan SeerTebisaken
swrafvis gzaze, mimarTavs anton didis, IV s-is cnobi-
li saeklesio moRvawis, asketizmis erT-erTi fuZemdeb-
lis avtoritets.
sinanulisgan deduqciuri wesiTaa gamoyvanili sim-
dablis cneba, romelic, avtoris sityviT, uSualod ga-

79
momdinareobs sinanulis Segnebidan sakuTar TavSi, da
Semdeg morCileba, rogorc ,,Svili simdablisa da aR-
zrdili misi”. morCilebis Sedegia TviTSezRudva da
moTmineba. amgvarad, saqme gvaqvs asketur saTnoebaTa da
misi idealis praqtikulad ganxorcielebisTvis saval-
debulo qcevaTa sistemasTan28.116.
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs traqtatis
VI Tavi da ara is, rac aqamde iTqva ,,ZmaTa gansvenebisa
da samsaxuris” Sesaxeb. VI TavSi gamoTqmulia avtoris
Sexedulebani sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa zogad sa-
fuZvlebze. es codna emyareba sabunebismetyvelo war-
modgenebs cocxal organizmze da rogorc TviT avtori
aRniSnavs, ,,mecnier mkurnalTa” dakvirvebebs.
adamianTa Soris sazogadoebrivi urTierTobani da
kavSirebi traqtatSi moazrebulia, rogorc erTi mTli-
ani organizmi, romlis arseboba SesaZlebelia mxolod
misi calkeuli organoebis (,,asoebis”) harmoniuli erTi-
anobis pirobebSi: ,,asoTa Sina guamisaTa ara ars asoÁ
erTi Zlieri, romelimca Tavsa xolo TÂssa hmsaxurob-
des”29.117.
analogia sazogadoebasa da cocxal organizms
Soris, romelmac didi mniSvneloba moipova XIX s-is
dasavleTis sociologiaSic da organuli sociologi-
is saxelwodebis saxeliT aris cnobili30,118uZvelesi
droidan momdinareobs. Zvel indoeTSi msgavsi Teoria
mowodebuli iyo saxelmwifos, kerZod, magadxas (VI s.
Cv.w-mde) kasturi wyoba Taviseburad aexsna da gaemar-
Tlebina. adamianebi RvTaeba brahmasagan warmoiqmnen, mag-
ram misi sxvadsxva organoebisgan da amiTaa gamowveuli
saxelmwifos arsebuli socialuri diferenciacia. brah-
mas pirisgan warmoiSvnen qurumebi (braxmanebi), xelebis-
gan warCinebulni da meomrebi, TeZosgan _ glexebi da fe-
xebisgan _ monebi.
analogiebi sazogadoebasa da cocxal organizms
Soris sakmaod gavrcelebuli da cnobili faqtia Sua

80
saukuneebis pirobebSic, sadac mravali moazrovnis mi-
xedviT da Cveni avtoris msgavsad, adamianis urTierTi-
bebs, siyvarulTan da zemoT CamoTvlil saTnoebebTan
erTad, organoTa Soris arsebuli kavSirebis analogiu-
ri mimarTulebani udevs.
Cven yvelani, _ ganagrZnobs martviri qarTveli, _ er-
Ti guamisani varT”. ise, rogorc adamianTa organoebs
ar SeuZliaT win aRudgnen organizms da mis ,,cnobasa
da gonebas”, aseve adamianebi unda moqmedebdnen ,,urTi-
erTisa” mimarT da ,,msaxurobndnen mouwyineblad da
udrtÂnvelad”. gasagebia, rom avtors ,,cnoba da goneba”
miaCnia organizmisa da misi calkeuli nawilebis ,,gan-
mgebelad” da amitom yoveli maTgani ,,hzrunavs” mis wi-
naSe msaxurebasa da morCilebaze31.119.
Semdeg avtori gadadis garegani organoebis fun-
qciebis garkvevaze: ,,ferÃTa utÂrTavs guami da vlenan
da mimoaqvs igi”; ,,Tualni xedven da uZRÃan ferÃTa”;
,,Ãelni iqman da hmsaxureben TualTa da yovelsa guam-
sa”; ,,saynoselni iynosen”.
im Sexeulebebis mixedviT, romlebic traqtatSia
gamoTqmuli Tvalebisa da ,,saynoselis” Sesaxeb, SeiZle-
ba gakeTdes daskvna, rom am organoebs gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba aqvs adamianis codnis warmoqmnaSi: am orga-
noebisgan Rebulobs goneba codnas (,,yovelsa sacno-
bels”), xolo goneba, rogorc organizmis ganmgebeli,
warmarTavs mis moqmedebas.
garegan organoebze saubrisas, rogorc Cans, traq-
tatis avtori sakuTari gamocdilebis mixedviT msje-
lobs. magram Sinagani organoebis Tvisebebis (,,Sinagani
asoni”) gadmocemisas imowmebs ,,mecnier mkurnalebs”
(,,viTarca ityÂan mecnierni mkurnalni”), romelnic ,,ga-
mocdilni arian” da ician organoebis moqmedeba da da-
niSnuleba.

81
 kuWi (,,stomaqi”) moinelebs (,,moidnobs”) saWmels
da porebis (,,nestuTa”) meSveobiT gadascems RviZls. naw-
lavebi (,,nawlevni”) ,,Seiwynareben ruvTa Sina maTTa niv-
TTa maT uSuerTa da ganryvnilTa da mier ganaTxeven”.
RviZli gaanawilebs sisxlis meSveobiT ,,sipoxesa” da
miitans (,,miZRvanebs”) gulTan, xolo guli, romelic av-
tors organoTa ,,mefed” miaCnia, mTel organizms gauna-
wilebs sasicocxlod aucilebel niviTierebas.
avtori kidev erTxel Seaxsenebs mkiTxvels, rom
amis gamo guli ,,ara ampartavnebs mTavrobisaTÂs misisa”
da Seuwyvetliv agrZelebs samsaxurs, romelsac is Ta-
vis mxriv organizms uwevs32.120.
ganxiluli traqtati erT-erTi uZvelesi Zeglia,
romelic sabunebismetyvelo codnas Seicavs da sadac
adamianis goneba ,,Tavis ganxorcielebas” swored am qve-
yanaSi ,,poulobs”. moazrovnis yuradReba realuri, fi-
zikuri arsebobisken aris mimarTuli da faqtobrivad
arRvevs Sua saukuneebis damaxasieTebel amqveyniuri si-
namdvilis ugulebelyofis tendenciebs.
VIII-X saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi feodaluri wyo-
bileba kidev ufro gaZlierda. arabTa batonobam uaryo-
fiTi gavlena moaxdina qveynis saxelmwifoebriv, kultu-
rul da filosofiur ganviTarebaze. VIII s-is miwuru-
lidan arabebma qarTlSi erismTavroba mospes. warmoiq-
mna kaxeTis, hereTis, afxazeTisa da tao-klarjeTis sam-
Tavroebi, romelTa Soris brZola pirvelobisTvis, Tbi-
lisis amiras CaTvliT, erovnuli Zalebis daqsaqsvasa
da saxelmwifos gaerTianebasa da ganTavisuflebisken
mimarTul miswrafebaTa warumateblobas iwvevda.
meore mxriv damyarda axali kulturuli urTier-
Tobani aRmosavleTis Zlier saxelmwifosTan, romelsac
sakmaod didi mniSvneloba hqonda mecnieruli codnisa
da antikuri folosofiis Sua saukuneebis kulturuli
samyarosaTvis gadacemis saqmeSi. arabTa xangrZlivma po-

82
litikurma batonobam gaacocxla erovnuli damoukideb-
lobisa da mTlianobisken mimarTuli ganwyobilebani,
gaaRviva erovnuli TviTSegneba da patriotuli sulis-
kveTeba.
ioane sabanis Zis (VIII s-is meore naxevari) Txzu-
lebaSi ,,martviloba aboÁsi” asaxulia, rogorc erovnu-
li grZnobebisa da erovnuli TviTSegnebis arabTa ba-
tonobis pirobebSi modunebis, agreTve, misi gaRrmavebi-
sa da gaZlierebis niSnebi; asaxulia avtoris Seurigebe-
li pozicia qarTuli sazogadoebis im nawilis mimarT,
romelic meryeobda ,,viTarca lerwamni qarTagan Zlier-
Ta” dampyroblebis winaSe.
amave periodSi izrdeba qarTuli saliteraturo
enis mniSvneloba da iwereba unikaluri Txzuleba ,,qe-
baÁ da didebaÁ qarTulisa enisaÁ/”, yalibdeba warmodge-
na mTliani qarTlisa, ,,romelsa Sina qarTuliTa eniTa
Jami Seiwirvis da locvaÁ yoveli aResrulebis”33.121xo-
lo sakuTari qveynidan Sors myofi qarTveli berebi
loculoben ,,qarTlisa mSÂdobisa, sazRvarTa ganmagre-
bisa, mefeTa da mTavarTa dawynarebisa, mterTa garemiq-
cevisa, tyueTa moqcevisa da JamTa dawynarebisaTvis”.
rTuldeba da mwvavdeba urTierTobani sazogadoe-
bis socialur fenebs Soris. basil zarzmelis Txzule-
ba (dawerilia X s-is dasawyisSi, masSi gadmocemuli
faqtebi ekuTvnis IX s-s) yuradRebas ipyrobs cxovrebi-
seuli detalebis cocxali gadmocemiT. ,,aq, _ wers k. ke-
keliZe, _ mSvenivrad aris aRwerili zarzmis buneba da
mosaxleoba, zarzmis agebis ambavi, giorgi CorCanelis
samflobelo da sanadiro dawesebulebani”. TxzulebaSi
asaxulia mwvave konfliqti, erTi mxriv, glexebsa da
msxvil miwaTmflobel organizacias Soris eklesiis
saxiT, meore mxriv, feodalebsa da monasters Soris.
rogorc zeviT iyo aRniSnuli, qarTulma eklesiam
daZlia sxvadasxva ,,eretikuli” mimdinareobani da VII s-

83
is dasawyisidan aq diofizitoba gabatonda. religiuri
orientaciis stabilurobam kidev ufro gaaZliera ekle-
siis Seuvaloba da sulieri diqtatura.
IX-X ss-s saqarTveloSi, rogorc es ,,grigol xan-
ZTelis cxovrebidan” irkveva, sasuliero wreebis Segne-
biT, ,,WeSmaritni monazonni” aravis ar emorCilebian
(,,aravissa Ãelmwifebasa queSe arian”), garda RmerTisa
da, cxadia, saeklesio ierarqiisa warmomadgenlebisa. da
es imitom, rom mefe ,,warmavalTa amaT JamTa” mbrZanebe-
lia, xolo qriste _ ,,zecisa, queynisa da quesknelTa da
yovelTa dabadebulTa meufe34.”122
am mxriv sagulisxmoa konfliqti, gansakuTrebiT
am konfliqtis dasasruli, guaram mefesa da saeklesio
organizaciis mesveur arsens Soris. guarami sakmaod
cnobili pirovnebaa saqarTvelos istoriaSi. rogorc
mematiane gadmogvcems, is cvalebadi warmatebiT ebrZo-
da arabebs da SeZlo daepyro javaxeTi, TrialeTi, ta-
Siri, aboci, artaani. giorgi merCules sityviT, rome-
lic am konfliqts gadmogvcems, guarami iyo ,,Ãelmwife
... mamfali didi”.
guarami da episkoposTa didi nawili winaaRmdegni
iyvnen arsen kaTalikosisa da cdilobdnen mis gadayene-
bas. is ZaliT iyo dadgenili kaTalikosis Tanamdeboba-
ze misi mamis mirianis mier da episkoposTa mxolod mci-
re nawili uWerda mxars (,,TanadgomiTa da kurTxeviTa
mciredTa episkoposTaÁ”). magram arsenis ,,TanamdgomTa”
Soris imyofeba iseTi gavleniani piri, rogoric gri-
gol xanZTelia, romelsac, Cans, mis aRzevebaSic miuRia
monawileoba da arsenis sasargeblod im pirobebSi Cve-
ulebriv mosazrebas mimarTavs: ,,arseni kaTalikoszi ne-
biTa RmrTisaÁTa kaTalikozi ars”. guaramma gaaxsena
,,wmida episkoposebsa da meudabnoebs” ,,kanoni” da ,,Sju-
li”, romelic ,,ara brZanebs” episkoposisa da kaTaliko-
sis ZaliT daniSvnas, magram aman Sedegi ar gamoiRo.
episkoposni dadumdnen grigolis SiSiT. konfliqti gua-

84
ramsa da grigols Soris kidev gagrZelda, magram dam-
Tavrda mefis sruli marcxiT. guarami fexebSi Cauvarda
grigols da Sendoba mosTxova35.123.
interess moklebuli ar iqneba gavixsenoT saero
da saeklesio xelisufalTa Soris brZolis erTi epi-
zodi, romelsac adgili hqonda dasavleT evropaSi, XI
s-is 70-ian wlebSi, ori saukunis Semdeg giorgi merCu-
les mier aRwerili istoriuli faqtidan. epizodi exeba
imperator henrix IV-s da papis grigol VII-s Soris ur-
TierTobas. rogorc cnobilia, papma grigolma sabolo-
od ver ganaxorciela Tavisi miznebi _ daemyarebina
mtkice kontroli imperatoris uflebebze da Seeqmna
Teokratiuli msoflio saxelmwifo, magram erT Sem-
TxvevaSi mniSvnelovan warmatebas mainc miRwia. rodesac
imperatorma scada papisTvis saboloo dartyma mieyene-
bina, kaTolikuri eklesiis mesveurma is gankveTa ekle-
siisgan da aiZula damamcirebel saqcielze wasuliyo.
imperatori sam dRes icdida monanie codvilis tansac-
melSi, sanam papma ar miiRo da mis win muxlebze dace-
mul mefes codvebi ar Seundo.
msoflmxedvelobriv SexedulebaTa Semdgomi ganvi-
Tarebisa da filosofiur moZRvrebaTa Semdgomi aTvise-
bis da gaRrmavebis TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba aqvs am epoqis or Zegls. esaa giorgi mer-
Cules ,,grigol xanZTelis cxovreba” (dawerilia 951 w.
aRwerili ambebi ekuTvnis IX s-s) da cnobili berZnuli
,,varlaamisa da ioasafis romanis” qarTuli redaqcia _
,,sibrZne balahvarisi”, romelic efTvime iberis (963-1028
ww.) saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli. SevexoT sakiTxebs _ ro-
goraa gadawyvetili am TxzulebebSi garesamyaros esTe-
tikuri aRqmis, qveynisa da zecis dualizmis da antiku-
ri filosofiisadmi monoTeizmis damokidebulebis Sem-
dgomi konkretizacia.
rogorc SesavalSi gvqonda aRniSnuli, giorgi
merCulis Txzulebis ,,literaturulma Rirsebam” jer

85
kidev Cveni saukunis dasawyisSi miipyro mecnierTa yu-
radReba. SeniSnuli iyo avtoris ,,farTo Tvalsawieri
da TviTmyofadi ineteresi garesamyarosadmi”, aRtaceba
,,materialuri cxovrebiTa da misi gamovlinebiT”, coc-
xali da mxatvruli aRwerilobani kerZo Tu sazogado-
ebriv cxovrebisa da bunebis fonze. TxzulebaSi, SeniS-
nuli iyo, agreTve, adamianTa romanuli Tu romantiku-
li gatacebani da Tavgadasavali, avtoris ,,miswrafeba
siuJetis dramatuli damuSavebisaken”36.124sayuradReboa,
rom n. maris sityviT, Txzulebis es Taviseburebani
scildeba ,,agiografiul literaturis tradiciuli
formebisa da Sablonebis farglebs”, xolo iv. javaxiS-
vili merCuleSi ,,sul sxva mimarTulebis” mwerals xe-
davda imis gamo, rom ,,mas gulSi uRvivoda bunebis mSve-
nierebis trfialeba, igi aRtacebiT Sehxaroda bunebis
lamazsa da momxiblav suraTebs”; mis aRwerilobaSi
“yvelaferi xorcSesxmuli gamodis, suraTi cxoveli da
mravalferovania”, iseTive mravalferovani, rogorc
TviT cxovreba37.125.
,,keTil ars udabnoÁ igi, _ wers giorgi merCule, _
mzisa mcxunvarebiTa da haerisa SezavebiTa yovliTa
kerZo. da aqus mas wyaroÁ mdidrad gadmomdinarÀ, Sueni-
eri, grili da hamoÁ”...
...,,bunebiT erTgvam ars queyanaÁ udabnoTaÁ maT. da
keTilad Sezavebul mzisgan da haerisa, rameTu arca
friadi sicxÀ Seswuavs maT da arca gardareuli sici-
veÀ Seaurvebs myofTa misTa. aramed gawesebiTa dgas
TÂssa sazRvarsa unotioÁ, uxorSokoÁ, umiwoÁ mzuarsÀ,
rameTu kacTa naxWnifer Tani ara odes TiÃian eqmnebian
slvasa maTsa. xolo wyali keTili da SeSaÁ nebisaebr
unaklod aqus aRmocenebuli qÂSaTa maT Sina. uricxv
maRnari da simravlÀ wyalTa hamoTaÁ”.
erTi magaliTic:

86
 ,,odesme maxloblad Satberdisa mTaTa maT zeda
esÀ netari saqmisa romlisaTÂsme iyo da misTana Zmanica
iyvnes da iremi gamovida saCinosa maTsa, rameTu monadi-
reTa moecva igi vervina ganereboda ÃelTagan maTTa. ma-
Sin mihmarTa monazonTa maT da Soris ganvlna yovelni
da mivida viTarca gonieri netarissa grigolissa da
TÂsi Tavi zeda ÃelTa mis wmidisaTa dadva da reca ti-
roda mowevnulisa misTÂs borotisa”.
rac Seexeba ,,grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis” 55-e
Tavs, sadac aSot kurapalatis samijnuro Tavgadasava-
lia moTxrobili, is imdenad gansxvavdeba agiografiu-
li mwerlobis Zeglebis, maTi Sexedulebebisa da adami-
anuris masSi gansaxierebuli idealisagan, rom sruli
safuZvlianobiT SeiZleba is mcire Janris ,,saero” na-
warmoebad CaiTvalos. masSi siyvarulis Tema SesaniSna-
vi ostatobiT aris gansaxierebuli. kurapalatis ,,gar-
dareuli siyvaruli”, romlis gadmocemas ,,TavmoTneoba
daaviwyda”, dedaTa monasterSi miiWra da qalis gamox-
snas sicruiT cdilobda, _ aRwerilia bunebrivi damaje-
reblobiT da ,,mxatvruli simarTliT”.
es Tavi exeba adamianis sulieri cxovrebis iseT
mxares, romelSic SeiZleba iTqvas, yvelaze ufro mwva-
ved gamovlinda kolizia arssa da jerarss, adamianursa
da ideals Soris; kolizia, romelic warmoiqmna adamia-
nur bunebriv ltolvaTa da doqtrinas Soris. miwieri
da zeciuri afrodites platoniseuli problema Sua sa-
ukuneebis pirobebSi zeciuris sasargeblod iyo gadaw-
yvetili. metis Tqmac SeiZleba: ,,qalwulobis” aRTqma Zi-
riTad aRTqmad iqca sazogadoebaSi, sadac asketikuri
ideali iyo gabatonebuli. mecnierebaSi kargadaa cnobi-
li am ,,aRTqmiT” gamowveuli sulieri gancdebis simwva-
ve da misi daZlevis sxvadsxva formebi savsebiT realu-
ri da amqveyniuri SinarsiiT; rogor xdeboda zeciuris-
ken mimarTuli grZnobis ,,gadaadgileba” savsebiT miwi-

87
er, konkretul grZnobebze. cnobilia ,,qebaTa qebis” sa-
xeebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi maTi pirdapiri, Tavdapir-
veli da ara alegoriuli mniSvnelobiT, rodesac es
grZnobebi qristes an qalwul mariamisadmi iyo mimarTu-
li.
,,grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi” aRwerilia mefe
aSot kurapalatis samijnuro Tavgadasavali. man ,,daip-
yrna mravalni queyanani” da aaSena cixesimagre artanu-
ji dedoflis, sakuTari meuRlisTvis. mravali wlis
ganmavlobaSi cxovrobdnen isini am cixesimagreSi, oja-
xuri cxovrebis simSvidis daurRvevlad. magram borot-
ma Zalebma ,,acTunes ÃelmwifeÀ igi. moiyvana man cixesi-
magreSi ,,dedakaci siZvisaÁ” da scodavda masTan, ,,rame-
Tu eSmaki trfialebisaÁ friad azrzenda mas”.
ra Tqma unda, giorgi merCule kicxavs aSotis saq-
cielsac da miT umetes, misi gatacebis obieqts. amgvari
vnebaTaRelva eSmakiseuli saqcielia da ,,saqmeÁ sulisa
ganmxrwneli”. magram samijnuro grZnoba, romelic Sem-
deg epoqaSi sul sxva gagebas da Sefasebas miiRebs, ukve
merCulesTanaa warmodgenili, rogorc adamianis mTeli
bunebis momcveli da dammorCilebeli. grigolis SekiT-
xvaze _ ,,hoÁ sawyalobelo, raÁsaTÂs Soris colqmarTa
STaWrilxar warsawymedelad Senda saukunod”, _ qalma
aseTi pasuxi gasca: ,,wmidao RmrTisao, me Tavsa Cemsa
zeda ver Tavisufal var, vinaÁTgan gardareuli siyva-
ruli aqus Cemda momarT kurapalatsa”.
giorgi merCules Txzulebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi
msoflmxedvelobrivi idea zecisa da miwis dualizmi
da maTi dapirispirebaa. is xSirad wers or arsebiTad
gansxvavebul ,,sofelze”, or samyaroze, or samefoze:
,,uxuebaÁ keTilTa misTaÁ~ (igulisxmeba qriste _ S.x.)
ara dagakldes ,,orsave sofelSi” amqveyniursa da im-
qveyniurs, materialursa da sulier samyaroebs gulis-

88
mobs. Sua saukuneebisTvis damaxasieTebeli terminebiT
es samyaroebi ,,queyana” da ,,zecaa”.
cnobilia, rom amgvari Sexedulebebis antikur wya-
ros platonis moZRvreba Seadgens da giorgi merCules
Sexedulebanic sabolood iqidan momdinareobs. magram
merCules, rogorc Sua saukuneebis moazrovnis damoki-
debuleba antikuri memkvidreobisadmi, monoTeisturi da
kreacionistuli poziciiTaa gansazRvruli. es naTlad
Cans moZRvrebis im nawilSi, sadac samyaros Semoqmedzea
saubari. RmerTi aris samyaros Semoqmedi, yovelives
,,uSromlad” dambadebeli da ,,ÃelmwifebiT gamgebeli”;
,,caTa Semoqmedi da angelozTa dambadebeli, da queyni-
sa damamtkicebuli, da zRuaTa damamyarebeli da wvli-
ladTaca saqmeTa moqmedve”.
antikurobidan momdinareobs is warmodgenebic,
romlebiTac giorgi merCule or samyaros axasiaTebs,
ganasxvavebs da upirispirebs. amqveyniuri sinamdvile
,,sawuTroa”, e.i. wuTieri da warmavali; imqveyniuri sam-
yaro sulieria da ,,saukuno”, e.i. maradiuli da ucvle-
li. erTi materialuri sinamdvilea, ,,Jamieri nivTieri
buneba”, droSi arsebuli da ,,Secvalebadi”, romelSic
movlenebi aRmocendebian da ispobian. am samyaros uwo-
debs, agreTve, ,,queyanas mokudavTa” da amiT amqveyniuri
arsebobis amaoebis ideas gamoxatavs. sulieri sinamdvi-
le, piriqiT, aris ,,uJamoÁ”, ,,Seucvalebeli sufevaÁ” da
,,univTo” samkvidrebeli.
amgvari SexedulebebiT aris gansazRvruli damoki-
debuleba garesamyarosadmi. pirdapiri da yvelaze mka-
fio pasuxi am kiTxvaze mocemulia Txzulebis me-5 Tav-
Si, sadac grigol xanZTelis samonastro moRvaweobis
motivebia garkveuli. rogorc merCule wers, grigoli
iyo ,,Svili warCinebulTa didebulTa da marTlmorwmu-
neTa mama-dedaTaÁ, da saxlsa Sina sameufosa didisa
nersÀ erisTavisisa aRzrdili iyo ÃeliTa keTilad-msa-

89
xurisa dedoflisa nersÀs colisaÁTa, romelsac eSvi-
la, rameTu iyoca Zmiswuli misi”. magram miuxedavad mi-
si STamomavlobisa, man uaryo, rogorc merCule wers,
yovelive amqveyniuri, ,,dauteva Secvalebadi pativi” mok-
vdavTa, ganerida ,,JamierTa da nivTierTa bunebadaTa” da
Seswira Tavi ,,imqveyniursa” da ,,ucvalebadsa didebas”.
dasasrul, ramdenime sityva adamianze da mis arse-
baze. adamiani sxeulisa da sulis garkveuli erTiano-
baa; sxeuliT is nivTier cvalebad warmaval samyaros
ekuTvnis. suliT-suliersa da RvTaebrivs. savsebiT Tan-
mimdevrulia Sexeduleba, rom sikvdili aris ,,ganslvaÁ
ÃorcTagan”, da kidev ufro mkveTri gamoTqmis gasvla _
,,ÃorcTa sapyrobiliTgan”38.126.
antikuri filosofiuri memkvidreobisadmi damoki-
debuleba giorgi merCules TxzulebaSi tipobrivi sqo-
lastikis doneze dgas. antikur filosofiasTan kavSiri
aucilebelia, magram es kavSiri mkacrad gansazRvruli
poziciis niadagze myardeba.
avtori aRniSnavs grigol xanZTelis gansacvifre-
bel niWs da unars. man swarafad daiswavla ,,saeklesio
swavla”, Seiswavla ucxo enebze arsebuli ,,mwignobro-
ba”, maT Soris, antikuri filosofia; SeiTvisa yovelive,
rac TeologiisTvis misaRebi iyo antikur filosofiaSi
da ukuagdo da gakicxa, rac masSi miuRebeli aRmoCnda,
msgavsad pavle mociqulisa, romelic ambobda: ,,ganaco-
fa RmerTman sibrZnÀ amis soflisaÁ” (I korinT., 1,20)39.127.
sityva ,,gareSeni” qristianul mwerlobaSi pavle
mociqulidan modinareobs da niSnavs araqristianebs,
warmarTebs. aseTive mniSvneloba aqvs am sityvas pavle
mociqulis sxva sityvebSic: ,,xolo gareSeni igi Rmer-
Tman ganikiTxnes, da mohspoT ukeTuri igi Tquensa So-
ris” (I korinT. V,13). am sityvam farTo mniSvneloba moi-
pova Sua saukuneebis qristianul da ara mxolod qris-
tianul samyaroSi. xSirad gvxvdeba bizantiur mwerlo-

90
baSic, mag., grigol noselTan (IV s.) da sxv. somxur
mwerlobaSi anania SirakacTan (VII s.); ruseTSi, mag., maq-
sime grekTan (daaxl. 1480-1556) da sxv. gavrcelebulia es
sityva mahmadianur samyaroSic40.128.
Tavdapirvelad am warmodgenaSi mTeli antikuri
sibrZne (maT Soris, filosofia) igulisxmeboda, ro-
gorc adamianuri saerTod sibrZne, da amitom mTlianad
miuRebeli; axali religiisgan gansxvavebiT, misi apo-
logetebis warmodgeniT _ RvTaebrivi sibrZnisagaნ, rome-
lic xalxs gamoecxada mociqulebis meSveobiT.
basil kesarieli (330_379) ,,gareSeSi” mTel antikur
anu warmarTul moZRvrebas aerTianebda, magram werda:
radgan adamiani pirvelyovlisa sulze unda zrunavdes,
man unda icodes yvela, maT Soris, warmarTTa azrebi,
visTanac ki SeiZleba raime iyos sasargeblo sulze
zrunvisaTvis”. am TvalsazrisiT ,,usargebloni” araa
arc gareSe mecnierebani41.129.
ioane damaskeli (daaxl. 675_753) aRmosavleTis ek-
lesiis udidesi avtoriteti ,,gareSeebs” upirispirebda
,,wminda mamebs, WeSmaritebisa da namdvili filosofiis...
maswavleblebs”42.130magram, amave dros fiqrobda: ,,meore
mxriv, radganac mociquli ambobs _ ,,yovelive gamoica-
deT da ukeTesi igiDSeikrZaleT”, Cvenc gamovikvlioT
gareSeTa (warmarT brZenTa) moZRvrebani. iqneb maTTanac
vipovoT raime gamosadegi da SeviZinoT raime sulis sa-
sargeblo”43.131.
qarTul sinamdvileSi monoTeisturi Teologiis
kavSiri antikur filosofiasTan dakavSirebulia petre
iberTan, abibos nekreselTan da sxv. aseTive pozicia
asaxulia ,,sibrZne balahvarisaSi”: ,,miviwie odisme ioped
(eTiopiad,_S.x) da mun vpove wigni ese hindoTa sawignesa
romelsa Sina swerian saqmeni amis soflisani, friad
sargebelni sulisani”44.132.

91
 ,,grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi”, igive viTarebaa
asaxuli im gansxvavebiT, rom grigolis pozicia ufro
garkveulia. aq naTlad da mkveTradaa gansxvavebuli
sxvadsxva mimdinareoba antikur filosofiaSi; dade-
biTadaa Sefasebuli masSi Sesawynarebeli, ,,keTili” da,
meore mxriv, ukusagdebi, ,,jerkuali”, is rac ,,gareSea”
am sityvis zusti da ufro viwro gagebiT. ,,amis sofli-
sa filosofosTa sibrZne” da ,,gareSe” identuri cnebebi
aRaraa. antikuri filosofiis cneba diferencirebulia.
masSi idulisxmeba iseTi Sinaarsic, romelic mtkicedaa
Sesuli Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi.
giorgi merCules TxzulebaSi ar arsebobs pirda-
piri monacemebi imisaTvis, rom pasuxi gaeces kiTxvas _
romeli filosofiuri mimdinareobani igulisxmeba misa-
Reb Tu ukusagdeb moZRvrebebSi. magram am kiTxvaze pa-
suxis gacema SeiZleba. Sua saukuneebis TeologiisTvis
arc erTi antikuri moZRvreba ar yofila bolomde misa-
Rebi. magram mas bevri hqonda saerTo platonis moZRvre-
basTan, neoplatonizmTan da aristoteles Sexedulebeb-
Tan. am moZRvrebebTan imyofeboda monoTeizmi xangrZliv
ideur kavSirSi im gansxvavebiT, rom sxvadsxva dros da
sxvadasxva pirobebSi erT romelime maTgans hqonda upi-
ratesi mniSneloba.
rac Seexeba meore mimdinareobas, romlis mimarT
giorgi merCule ukompromiso gamoTqmebs iyenebs, aq epi-
kureizmi unda vigulisxmoT. es moZRvreba daundobeli
kritikis sagans warmoadgenda mTeli Sua saukuneebis
manZilze da yovelTvis erTi da igive motiviT: epikure-
izmi uaryofda RvTaebriv Semoqmeds, ideas, romelic mo-
noTeizmis niSandobliv Taviseburebas Seadegns.
epikures winaaRmdeg xSirad mkacr kritikul Se-
niSvnebs mimarTavs. kliment aleqsandrieli (150-215),
origeni (185-251), misi mowafe dionise aleqsandrieli,

92
laqtanciusi (III-II ss.), isidore sevilieli, avgustine
(354-430) da mravali sxva.
qarTuli filosofiuri azrovnebis sinamdvileSi
msgavs kurss atarebdnen ioane damaskeli, ioane petriwi
da sxv.
,,sibrZne balahvarisi”, rogorc iTqva, aRmosavleT-
sa da dasavleTSi farTod gavrcelebuli berZnuli
,,varlaamisa da ioasafis romanis” saxelwodebiT cnobi-
li Txzulebis qarTuli redaqciaa. qarTul redaqcias-
Tanaa dakavSirebuli berZnuli redaqciis warmoSobis
sakiTxic.
dasavleT evropaSi berZnuli redaqcia XI sau-
kunidanaa cnobili. daaxloebiT amave dros ekuTvnis
misi laTinuri Targmani, romelic safuZvlad daedo
dasavleTis erebs Soris mis araCveulebrivad far-
To gavrcelebas. warmoiqmna misi germanuli, frangu-
li, provansaluri, espanuri Targmanebi da gadakeTe-
bani. XIV s-Si iyo Sedgenili misi italiuri redaq-
cia; germanulidan warmoiqmna Sveduri xalxuri
Tqmuleba da islandiuri saga. rusuli Targmanis
uZvelesi xelnawerebi ekuTvnis XIV-XV ss. aRmosav-
leTSi arsebobda arabuli, somxuri da qarTuli re-
daqciebi.
XV s-dan momdinare tradiciis mixedviT, ber-
Znuli romani miewereboda ioane damaskels. gasuli
saukunis 80-ian wlebSi frangma mecnierma h. zoten-
bergma daarRvia es tradicia da damajereblad uar-
yo ioane damaskelis avtoroba45.133magram mas ar gada-
uwyvetia am Txzulebis namdvili avtoris sakiTxi.
cnobilma rusma mecnierma v. rozenma pirvelma
Seafasa saTanadod giorgi mTawmidlis (1009_1065)
cnoba, rom ,,balavariani” qarTuli enebidan berZnul
enaze Targmna qarTvelma moRvawem efTvimem46.134efTvi-
me, rogorc cnobilia, aTonis qarTul monasterSi

93
moRvaweobda da Zalian kargad icoda berZnuli ena.
es azri gaimeora da ganaviTara n. marma47.135Semdeg
aRmoCnda axali cnobebi da sabuTebi, romlebsac da-
savleTSi cnobilma qarTvelologebma miakvlies. uZ-
velesi berZnuli xelnaweris (XI s-is Sua xanebi) mi-
xedviT, ,,balavarianis” berZnuli Targmani efTvime
iberis mieraa Sesrulebuli, xolo imave drois la-
Tinuri Targmanis minaweris mixedviT, ,,berZnuli
Targmani Sesrulebulia wminda kacis efTvimes” mi-
er48.136.
amis Semdeg, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mecnierebaSi
es sakiTxi gadawyvetilad iTvleboda. 1953 wels ga-
movida dasavleT germaneli mecnieris fr. doelge-
ris naSromi _ ,,berZnuli varlaamis romani ioane da-
maskelis Txzuleba”, sadac, rogorc saTauridanve
Cans, avtori cdilobs aRadginos Zveli, mravali
mecnieris mier uaryofili tradicia da es nawarmoe-
bi ioane damaskels miaweros49.137fr. dolgeris gamok-
vlevam farTo gamoxmaureba hpova. mecnierTa didma
umravlesobam, maT Soris ucxoelma qarTvelologeb-
ma, ar gaiziares doelgeris mosazrebebi. romanis
berZnuli redaqciis qarTul warmomavlobaze Sexe-
duleba moqmed Teoriad darCa mecnierebaSi50.138
am Txzulebis didi popularoba da farTo gav-
rceleba gansazRvrulia _ misi mxatvruli Rirsebe-
biT da ,,esTetikuri RirebulebebiT” (k. krumbaxeri),
misi SesaniSnavi eniT da cocxlad aRwerili ambe-
biT, romlebic arakebis saxiT aris gadmocemuli
(akad. i. kraCkovski).
,,კacman vinme” _ vkiTxulobT qarTul balavari-
anSi _ bulbuli Seipyro da misi dakvla moindoma.
bulbulma mimarTa:
,,_ raÁsaTvis gnebavs dakvlaÁ Cemi, rameTu ara
ars CemTana gansaZRebeli Seni? ukeTu ganmiteo, gas-

94
wave sami mcnebani da ukeTu daimarxne, scxovnde da
sargebel geyo”.
gaTavisuflebuli bulbuli xis totze dajda
da warmosTqva: ,,_auwvTomelsa nu ewveTebi; gardas-
rulsa nu inani, da romeli SenTÂs ara gindes boro-
ti sxuasa nu izam”.
Semdeg bulbulma kacis gamocda moindoma, _
ramdenad ismina da daixsoma mcnebani da uTxra:
kaco, rom gcodnoda ,,Cemsa inCaxvsa idva marga-
liti siraqlemisa kvercxisa odeni da igimca gamoge-
Ro, Sen didi safase SegZenoda!”.
kacma rom es gaigona, sinanulis grZnobam Seip-
yro, bulbulis motyueba ganizraxa da ase mimarTa:
_ am cnebaTa swavlebisaTvis rom madloba mo-
gizRo, araferi maqvs! ,,aw moved saxed Cemda, rameTu
zamTari ese ficxel ars da me keTilad giRvawo da
gangisveno da gangiteo”.
amaze bulbulma aseTi pasuxi gasca:
,,_ cud ars swavlaÁ mcnebaTa CemTaÁ Senda mi-
marT, rameTu samive mcnebaÁ awve dahkarge”. Cemi gaS-
veba ukve warsuls ekuTvnis da Sen ki nanob; Cemi
Sepyroba ukve miuwvdomelia da Sen ki mainc nanob.
da sikvdili SenTvis ara gnebavs da Cemsa dakvlasa
lamob. saerTod ki me Seni gamocda msurda, Torem
rogor daijere, rom ,,Cemsa inCaxvsa” siraqlemis
kvercxisa odeni margalitia, rodesac TviT me Cemi
bumbulianad siraqlemis kvercxis natamalic ara
var!51.139.
meoregan moTxrobilia axalgazrda kacis mok-
le Tavgadasavali, ,,romelsa esua coli qmnul-keTi-
li da eSinoda, nuukue ver moTmine iqmnes da STa-
vardes coli igi Wabukisa siZvasa. amisTÂs... hrqua
colsa TÂssa.

95
 `_ ukueTe gwaddes da ver winaaRudgebodi Ãor-
csa Sensa, mouteobdi TmaTa Tavisa SenisaTa; da vi-
xilen ra igini, me vyo neba Seni da ara STahvarde
codvasa”.
erT dRes mis qveyanas mteri Semoesia da Wabuki
,,Seekazma, raTa ganvides brZolad”, xolo misma
colma rom ixila ,,mokazmulad, etrfiala da myis
gardmoutevna Tmani”. Wabuki mobrunda da ,,aRasrula
nebaÁ colisa TÂsisaÁ”.
am xnis ganmavlobaSi mtrebi gandevnes, mdevre-
bi uku dabrundnen da Wabuks sayveduri gamoucxades.
ra meqna, upasuxa Wabukma:
,,_ me mteri sakuTari mewyo da igi ganvdevne da
man damaxrwia adre ara gamoslvasa”.
iyo erTi mefe, romelsac ,,esua Ze” da romel-
sac mkurnalebma uTxres:
,,_ ukueTe uwinares aTisa wlisa ixilos mze
yrmaman aman, moakldes naTeli TualTaÁ”.
mefem gamoTxara qvabuli da sakuTari vaJi iq
moaTavsa. aTi weli rom gavida, ,,gamoyvanebaÁ brZana
yrmisaÁ mis”. vaJma mravali ram ixila, rac misTvis
manamde uxilavi iyo, maT Soris ,,ixila dedanica,
aRegzna siyvaruliTa, da ikiTxa.
_ raÁ arian isi? _ xolo maT hrques.
_ eSmakni arian, romelni warswymdnen kacTa.
xolo yrmaman hrqua.
_ araraÁ vixile uSuenieres da usawadeles
imaT eSmakTa”. mefes urCies moeZebna qalebi, romle-
bic daaviwyebdnen mefis Zes maradiulobas da ,,Seasa-
kuTrebdnen sawuTros”.
mefem Sekriba karze myofi ,,qali qmnul_keTi-
li” tyved wamoyvanili ,,asuli mefisaÁ”, qalebi ,,mem-
gosneni da meCangeni” da mimarTa aseTi sityvebiT:
_ ,,ese uwyodiT WeSmaritad, romelmanca aR-
sZraT Ze Cemi gulisTqmad da miiyvanoT nebasa Ãor-

96
cTasa, didni niWni miganiWne da gyo colad Zisa Ce-
misa, da dedoflobaÁ mas mogeniWos”. da gasca brZa-
neba _ mefis Zis yvela yrma msaxuri lamazi qalebiT
SeecvalaT. da yoveli maTgani cdilobda mefis Zis
,,cTunebas” da ,,wina urokvides da stÂriTa da Cange-
biTa qebasa Seasxamdes”.
,,balavarianSi” asaxuli msoflmxedvelobisTvis
isevea damaxasiaTebeli warmodgenebi ,,ori soflisa”
da RmerTis, rogorc qveynis Semoqmedis Sesaxeb, ro-
gorc saerTod qarTuli Sua saukuneebis mwerlobis
da, kerZod, giorgi merCulis TxzulebisTvis: ,,me es-
reT vhgoneb, mefeo, didebaÁ, romelsa miiwevis yrmaÁ
ese (iodasafi _S. x) ar aris amis soflisaÁ, aramed
esreT vhgoneb, viTarmed did winamZRuar iyos gzasa
WeSmaritebisasa”. RmerTi aris dambadebeli cisa da
qveynisa, zRvaTa da ufskrulTa, mzisa, mTvarisa da
varskvlavTa; mbrZanebli haeris, moZraobisa, quxili-
sa da sxva. Semqmneli adamianisa, isaa mxolod damba-
debeli da yovelive sxva mxolod dabadebuli; Rmer-
Tia ,,uJamo”, qveyana _ ,,Jamieri”; RmerTi _ ,,Zlieri”,
qveyniuri movlenebi _ ,,uZluri”. araferi qmnila
RmerTis gareSe, rameTu isaa ,,saxier, mowyale, sul-
grZel da kacT moyuare”.
,,balavariani” gansxvavdeba Tavisi drois lite-
raturuli Zeglebisagan miwisa da zecis dualizmis
meti simkveTriT da misi ontologiuri safuZvlis
moazrebiT filosofiur kategoriebSi: ,,arsi igi mer-
me sofeli ars da ara-arsi _ sofeli ese”. zeciuri
sinamdvile da transcendenturi sawyisi upirispir-
deba amqveyniurs, rogorc arsi ararss. am debulebi-
Taa gansazRvruli amqveyniuri sinamdvilisadmi eTi-
kuri da esTetikuri damokidebulebis ontologiuri
safuZveli; miwieri samyaros eTikuri da esTetikuri
Rirebulebis uaryofa.

97
 ararsi da arsi dapirispirebuli cnebebia da
maTi aRreva ewinaaRmdegeba azrovnebis wesebs. ,,am
soflis” aRiareba arsad, niSnavs ar-arsis aRiarebas
arsad, rac mxolod ,,ugunurTa” xvedrs warmoadgens.
isini ver misulan azrovnebis iseT donemde, rom nam-
dvili arsi moCvenebiTobisgan gaarCion da WeSmari-
teba Seicnon. isini ,,Sepyrobilebi” arian ,,am sof-
liT” da Tavs ver aRweven misi tyveobisagan.
,,antikuri filosofiuri memkvidreobidan mom-
dinare Sexedulebani ,,balavarianSi” aTvisebulia
monoTeisturi da kreacionistuli poziciidan; samya-
ros arafrisgan Seqmnis, anu ararsis arsad moyvanis
debulebis TvalsazrisiT. dapirispireba RmerTsa da
samyaros Soris midis maT Soris ,,mtrobis” aRiare-
bamde. cnobili debuleba _ ,,RmerTi upisipirdeba
samyaros, xolo samyaro _ RmerTs”, ,,balahvarianSi”
asea gamoTqmuli: ,,mterobaÁ soflisaÁdaagebs Rmer-
Tsa” (qveynis mtroba moarigebs adamians RmerTTan).
vin arian ,,ugunurni”, vis winaaRmdegacaa mimar-
Tuli avtoris Sexedulebani, _ amis Sesaxeb konkre-
tulad araferia naTqvami. SesaZlebelia pasuxi
Txzulebis im nawilSi gairkves, sadac laparakia me-
fis karze warmoebul ,,sityvisgebaTa” Sesaxeb; karis,
rogorc avtori wers, ,,filosofosTa” Soris. maT
Soris iyvnen iseTebic, vinc sulis ukdavebas aRia-
rebda, da iseTebic, vinc ,,mokudavad ityÂan sulsa”.
RmerTi filosofiuri TvalsazrisiT warmod-
gens yovelTa ,,dasabamsa da dasasruls”. dasabami ga-
tanilia Secnobadobis farglebs iqiT: ,,gamouTqmel
ars xati RmrTeebisaÁ da gonebaÁ ver miswuTebis gamo-
Ziebad, viTar igi ars”. es Sexedilebani areopagitu-
li moZRvrebis analogiuria, romelSic apofatikuri
moazreba aris asaxuli da safiqrebelia, rom ,,bala-
varianSi” gamoTqmuli gageba RmerTisa areopagituli
moZRvrebidan momdinareobs. kidev ufro damajerebe-

98
lia ,,balavarianis” filosofiuri wyaros Zieba are-
opagitikaSi RmerTis Secnobadobis nawilSi. RmerTis
Secnoba mainc SeiZleba garkveuli pirobis qveS,
RmerTis mier Seqmnili samyaros safuZvelze. kiTxva-
ze _ raÁ daamtkicebs cnobasa RmrTisasa?” _ pasuxi
Semdegia: ca da qveyana, yovelive rac arsebobs casa
da qveyanaze, sulieri da sxeulebrivi movlenebi _ e.
i. yovelive, rac Semoqmedebis Sedegs warmoadgens,
aris TviT Semoqmedis arsebobaze, mis Secnobaze
daskvnisTvis safuZveli. RmerTisa da samyaros So-
ris arsebuli mimarTeba, avtoris azriT, WurWlisa
da mis Semqmnels Soris nagebobasa (naSenebsa) da
mSenebels Soris mimarTebis analogiuria. ukeTu _
vkiTxulobT ,,balavarianSi” _ ,,ixilo” WurWeli, ro-
desac WurWlis maSenebeli ar aris mocemuli Semec-
nebaSi, anda Seicno nageboba da ,,maSenebeli ver ixi-
lo” _ arsebobs sakmarisi safuZveli daskvnisTvis
,,Semoqmedisa” da ,,maSeneblis” Sesaxeb. orive Sem-
TxvevaSi ,,gonebaÁ wamebs, viTarmed (WurWelsac da
nagebobasac, da saboloo daskvniT _ mTel samyaros)
uvis (hyavs) maSenebeli”52.140.
,,balavarianSi” gamoyenebulia RmerTis dasabu-
Tebis wesi, romelic filosofiis istoriaSi cnobi-
lia kosmologiuri argumentis saxelwodebiT. es ar-
gumenti momdinareobs antikuri filosofiidan (Sdr.
anaqsagora, platoni, aristotele), axal filosofia-
Si ki gvxvdeba laibnicTan, volfTan da sxv. areopa-
gitul moZRvrebaSi, am moZRvrebis ZiriTadi debule-
bebis Sesabamisad, analogiuri mosazrebani daedo
safuZvlad RmerTis moazrebis katafikur meTods.
kosmologiuri argumentis zogadi azri samya-
ros (rogorc Sedegis) arsebobidan mis mizezze das-
kvnis SesaZleblobas da gamarTlebas emyareba. es
argumenti ramdenime saxeobiTaa cnobili. ,,balavari-

99
anSi” gamoyenebulia misi erT-erTi, kreacionizmiT
gansazRvruli SemTxveva53.141.
sulieri Zeglebis Targmnas didi mniSvneloba
aqvs da hqonda axali ideebis Semotanisa da sakuTa-
ri, adgilobrivi erovnuli kulturis gamdidrebisa
da gaRrmavebisTvis. cnobilia, ramdenad did mniSvne-
lobas aniWebdnen mTargmnelobas Zvel saqarTvelo-
Si, sadac Targmnis Teoriebi arsebobda. magram maRa-
li kulturis qveynebSi Semoqmedebis es dargi adgi-
lobrivi ideuri atmosferoTi iyo gasazRvruli. sa-
Targmnel ZeglTa Sinaarsi da Taviseburebani sazo-
gadoebis ideur da esTetikur Sexedulebebs, mis su-
lier moTxovnilebebs Seesabameboda. es ideebi ar
warmoadgenda uCveulo siaxles adgilobrivi kul-
turisTvis; mas Sesaferisi niadagi, analogiuri Sexe-
dulebani, zraxvani da literaturuli gemovneba
xvdeboda.
qarTuli mwerlobis ganviTarebis garkveul sa-
fexurze agiografiaSi Cndeba axali motivebi, rom-
lebic maCvenebelia literaturis am dargis daaxlo-
ebisa e. w. saero mwerlobasTan. k. kekeliZis sityviT,
esaa ,,wminda” mxedris da ,,samijnuro cTunebis” mo-
tivebi, da sayradReboa, rom moTxovnileba amgvar
literaturaze saqarTveloSi gaCenila ,,gansakuTre-
biT meTerTmete-meTormete saukuneebSi, rodesac Cve-
ni qveynis teritoriaze yalibdeba Zlieri feodalu-
ri monarqia”. magram sayuradReboa, da Cveni azriT,
savsebiT kanonzomieri, rom am motivebisadmi sazoga-
doebrivma interesma gaiRviZa ukve ,,meaTe saukunis
miwurulidan”54.142im droidan, rodesac metad da me-
tad mzaddeboda niadagi XI-XII ss-is qarTul kultu-
raSi momxdari arsebiTi cvlilebebisTvis.
am TxzulebaTa Sorisaa Tavgadasavali giorgi ka-
padokielisa da Teodore stratilitisa, romlebmac
xalxi sazareli gansacdelisgan ixsnes. am gmirTa So-

100
ris qarTvel mkiTxvelSi gansakuTrebuli popularoba
daimsaxura giorgim, romelic xalxurma fantaziam adgi-
lobriv wmidanTan daakavSira. Mman mospo   veSapi, rome-
lic ,,tbeTsa mas Sina iyo..., ganvidoda dRe yovel, mos-
vrida da SesWamda erTsa mcxovrebTagan mis qalaqisa-
Ta”.
qarTuli Targmnis is adgili, sadac mefis mwuxa-
rebaa gadmocemuli misi ,,mxolod Sobili” da ,,tkbili
asuli” veSapTan gagzavnis win, adamianuri gancdebis
mxatvruli asaxvis erT-erTi SesaniSnavi magaliTia
Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi: ,,vaÁme sawadelo Svilo, rame-
Tu arRara vixilo piri Seni Suenieri, arca nayofi muc-
lisa SenisaÁ da aha esera ganmeSorebi, sicocxleo Ce-
mo!... vaÁme sayuarelo Svilo Cemo, viTarime ganyofaÁ da
Jami SemeTxuevis me aw? vaÁme Svilo, TualTa CemTa da-
mabnelebeelo!.. va me Svilo Cemo, aw Sendami mxedvelTa
CemTa TualTa CemTa, viTarsaRa ukunaÁsknelsa hamboris-
yofasa migcem Sen? vaÁme Cemo, rameTu Tualni Senni, Cem-
dami mxiarulebiT momxedvelni, mÃecisa mier bnel iqmne-
bian aw! vaÁme sayuarelo Svilo Cemo da sawadelo sit-
kboebao, rameTu amieriTgan verRara hzraxav sitkboebiT
da siyuaruliT mSoblisa Senisa mamisa Tana, aramed mie-
farvi saukunod mÃecisa mucelsa Sina”55.143.
mefis RaRadisi Seiwynara RmerTma da moaxdina
saswauli ,,wmidisa mowamisa giorgis mier”. Mman ,,meyvseu-
lad... mozida Zlierad laxuari TÂsiTa da STasxara
pirsa Sina missa da merme ÃrmliTa TÂsiTa dahkepa” da
qaliSvili mefes daubruna.
,,samijno cTunebis” motivi farTodaa gavrcelebu-
li Sua saukuneebis literaturaSi. cnobilia is ,,bala-
varianSic”. monazvnebi TviTgvemis saSualebebs mimarTa-
ven, raTa es ,,eSmakiseuli” grZnoba CaaxSon. erT SemTve-
vaSi berma ,,myis enaÁ TÂsi kbiliTa gadikveTa”, piri sis-
xliT aivso da SeafurTxa ,,meZav qals”, romelic mas
Sesacdenad miugzavnes; sxva SemTvevaSi berebma, iodasa-

101
fis msgavsad, sqesobrivi gulisTqma cecxliT daTrgu-
nes. EerT bers mTeli Rame ,,vidre ganTiadamde”, TiTebi
cecxlze eWira da ,,ubadruki igi dedakaci”, xedavda ra
rogor daiwva man TiTebi, ,,zargadaxdil iqmna SiSisagan
da mokuda”. Mmeore SemTxvevaSi berma Tavis oTaxSi ko-
coni daanTo, fexSiSveli Sevarda da fexebi daiwva.
amave xanas ekuTvnis iseTi literaturuli Zegle-
bis Targmanebi, sadac orive motivia _ sadevgmiro da
satrfialo-samijnuro gansaxierebuli. maT ricxvs
ekuTvnis al. veselovskis mier mikvleuli da gamoqveyne-
buli cnobili tavrosisa da menias ambavi, romlis qar-
Tuli Targmani Sesrulebuli unda iyos efTvime aTone-
lis (955-1024)Aal. veselovski am nawarmoebSi Zveli ber-
Znuli romanis elements eZebda; k. kekeliZis mier Zegli
Seswavlilia im ,,elementebisa da motivebiis” Tvalsaz-
risiT, romlebic Semdeg ,,CuenSi meTerTmete-meTormete
saukunidan gafurCqnul mxatvrul literaturaSi” iCens
Tavs56.144.
k. kekeliZe samarTlianad xedavs msgavsebas xsene-
buli Txzulebis gmiris tavrossa da Semdgomdroinde-
li qarTuli saero mwerlobis gmirebs Soris. tavrosi
iyo ,,xilviTa saSinel, hasakiTa grZel, mklaviTa Zlier,
viTarca lomi, ferhiTa male, viTarca qurciki”. Mmisi
xelSubi iyo ,,viTarca dÂre saxlisa didisaÁ”, sartye-
li iseTi, rom misi xelSi aRebis Zala aravis Sewevda;
brZolaSi iseTi mxneobiT gamoirCeoda, rom misi winaaR-
mdegoba veravis SeeZlo.
msgavseba aq SesamCnevia ara mxolod literatu-
rul gmirebTan, aramed qarTuli saistorio Txzulebe-
bis gmirebTanac, romelTa Sesaxeb zemoT gvqonda lapa-
raki. erTxel tavross sabrZolod 6 aTasi kaci gamouy-
vania da mowinaaRmdegis 80 aTasiani jaridan 40 aTasi
gauwyvetia. meore SemTxvevaSi 70 aTasiani jariT 600
aTasiani mowinaaRmdege daumarcxebia57.145.

102
 IX-X saukuneebSia Targmnili berZnuli agiografi-
uli Txzuleba ,,evstratis wameba”, romelic Seicavs sa-
yuradRebo Sexedulebebis antkuri filosofii-
dan58.146Txzuleba Targmnilia qarTulad, rogorc Zeg-
lis gamomcemeli fiqrobs, ara berZnuli dednidan, ara-
med arabuli Targmanidan da yuradRebas imsxurebs am
garemoebis gamo, rogorc arabebis SemosvliTa da gaba-
tonebiT saqarTveloSi Seqmnili axali kulturuli da
filosofiuri urTierTobebis Sedegi. TxzulebaSi gad-
mocemulia Teoriuli paeqroba religiur sakiTxebze
Txzulebebis mTavar gmirs evstratis da msajuls Tu
mTavars Soris, romelTagan erTi qristianuli monoTe-
izmis debulebebs icavs, meore _ warmarTul poliTe-
izms.
evstrati ganaTlebuli piria. is axalgazrdobidan
icnobda antikur filosofias da safuZvliand iyenebs
am codnas sakuTari religiuri poziciis dacvis mizniT.
icnobs is olimpis Sesaxeb arsebul gadmocemebs, icis
vinaa zevsi, poseidoni, apoloni, hermesi sxv. Mmis wya-
ros am SemTxvevaSi warmoadgenda homerosi. garkveulia
platonis, aritoteles, ermiasis moZRvrebebSi, romle-
bic msajulis avtoritetebs warmoadgenen*. mTavar mniS-
vnelobas evstrati, rogorc Cans, platons aniWebs da
umTavresad mis moZRvrebas emyareba. poliTeizmis kriti-
kisa da monoTeizmis dacvis dros is amodis platonis
moZRvrebidan ideebze da sikeTeze, da ara platonis
kosmologiidan. platonis dialogi ,,timeosi”, sa-
                                                            
*
filosofiis istoriaSi cnobilia sami hermiasi. qristiani
moRvawe Vs.-is Semdgomi xanisa, romelmac mravali cnobili
cnoba Semoinaxa winasokratuli filosofiis Sesaxeb da kvali
datova berZnuli filosofiis doqsografiis istoriaSi;
aristoteles megobari, platonis sikvdilis Semdeg aristotele
am hermiasTan gaemgzavra atarneias qalaq miziaSi, sadac is
qalaqis mmarTvelad iyo; aqve daunaTesavda mas; neoplatonikosi,
V s-is moRvawe, kargad cnobili saqarTveloSi XII s-Si. aq
moxseniebuli hermiasi aristoteles wris moazrovne unda iyos.

103
dacPplatonis kosmologiis sakiTxebia garkveuli, uf-
ro msajulis Teoriul dasayrdens warmoadgens, vidre
evstratisi.
evstratis sityviT, ,,keTilis momcemeli ars Rmer-
Ti da mizezi yovlisa keTilisaÁ”. is ar SeiZleba iyos
mizezi imisa, rac sikeTes ar warmoqmnis; ar SeiZleba
iyos mizezi borotebisa. Aamave dros, RmerTi aris ,,mi-
uwvdomeli da gamouTqmeli”, radgan araferi xilul
samyaroSi ar arsebobs misi msgavsi, aq ,,araraÁ hgavs
mas” da radgan ara hgavs, Secnobac ar SeiZleba.
sikeTesTan erTad RmerTs axasiaTebs maradiuloba,
,,didebuleba da saTnoeba”, Zliereba da mSveniereba. ev-
stratisTan RmerTi ganxilulia, rogorc ontologiu-
ri, agreTve, eTikuri da esTetikuri poziciidan da dad-
genilia misi zeaRmatebuleba oTxive aspeqtiT.
evstratis azriT, RmerTze warmodgenili gansaz-
Rvrebani SeuTavsebelia poliTeizmTan, olimpis panTeo-
nis RmerTebTan, romlebic cnobilia ,,umirosis” (home-
rosis) da sxva Zveli warmarTi filosofosebis Sexedu-
lebebiT, romlebic RmerTebs sikeTesTan erTad miawe-
ren borotebas; RmerTebi warmodgenili hyavT, rogorc
mamis mkvlelebi, qalebis Semcdenni, memruSeni da sxv.
evstratis SexedulebebSi naTladaa asaxuli sike-
Tis monizmi (sikeTis substanciurobis Tvalsazrisi) da
RmerTis ormagi _ apofatikuri da katafatikuri moaz-
rebis kvali. jerjerobiT Znelia am Sexedulebebis war-
momavlobis gzebis dadgena ,,evstratis wamebaSi”. magram
cxadia, rom amgvari Sexedulebani Seadgens neoplato-
nizmisa da areopagituli moZRvrebis mniSvnelovan ide-
ebs, romlebsac farTo gavrceleba da gasaqani moipoves
XI-XII ss-is qarTul filosofiur azrovnebaSi.
X saukunis qarTul mwerlobasa da filosofiur
azrovnebaSi, rogorc vnaxeT, adgili aqvs mniSvnelovan
ideur siaxles da Taviseburebas. Aam mxriv yuradRebas
imsaxurebs qarTuli xelovnebis, kerZod, Weduri osta-

104
tobis erTi Zegli, e. w. iSxanis jvarcma, romlis ideu-
ri Sinaarsi, vfiqrobT, imave msoflmxedvelobrivi siax-
leebiT unda iyos gansazRvruli da imave ideur cvli-
lebaTa sauZvelze SeiZleba aixsnas.
iSxanis jvarcma zustadaa daTariRebuli (973 w.)
da ekuTvnis qarTuli Weduri xelovnebis ganviTarebis
etapur ZeglTa ricxvs.
rogorc giorgi CubinaSvili werda, _ ,,qarTuli
xelovnebis am dargis mxatvrulad da istoriulad ,,yve-
laze ufro brwyinvale da mniSvnelovan peri-
59 147
ods” , romelic warmodgenilia ramdenime analogiuri
daTariRebuli ZegliT da iZleva safuZvels dakvirvebi-
sa da daskvnebisaTvis am periodis didi mniSvnelobis
Sesaxeb qarTuli xelovnebis istoriaSi.
iSxanis jvarcma Sesrulebulia, rogorc iTqva 973
wels, breTis _ daaxloebiT 1000 wels da bolos mar-
tvilis jvarcma _ daaxloebiT 1050 wels. samive Zeglze
gamosaxulia jvarze gakruli qristes SiSveli sxeuli,
magram gamosaxulia TviT aqtis, jvarcmis, arsebiTad
gansxvavebuli gagebiT. giorgi CubinaSvili fiqrobda,
rom iSxanis jvarcma, romelsac Cven vexebiT, scildeba
Tavisi mniSvnelobiT sakuTriv qarTuli xelovnebis is-
toriis farglebs da SeiZleba Seswavlil iqnes, ro-
gorc ,,Sesadarebeli masala dasavleT evropis saSualo
saukuneebis beWduri xelovnebis zogierT sakiTxis da-
sadgenad~60.148.
Cveni interesi am Zeglisadmi gansazRvrulia misi
ikonografiiT, ideuri SinaarsiT, jvarcmuli qristes
fizikur da sulier gancdaTa ZeglSi asaxuli gagebiT.
qriste aq gamosaxulia ,,daxuWuli, Cacvivnuli Tvale-
biT maxvil saxeze, romelic savsea sevdiT, atanili wa-
mebiT, daqanculobiT”. Tavi mas msubuqad aqvs daxrili,
rac kidev ufro aZlierebs gadatanili sevdisa da tan-
jvis STabeWdilebas.

105
 piriqiT, martvilis jvarcmis mqandakebeli arsebi-
Tad gansxvavebuli gziT midis. ,,mTeli nakvTi Sesrule-
bulia lamazi sruli moxazulobiT”; qristes figura
,,TiTqos gangeb gamosaCenad, gawvdili xelebiT dgas”.
Mmisi ,,Tma da wveri davarcxnilia, wveri Tanabradaa da-
xuWuWebuli”. rac mTavaria, ,,arc TvalebSi, arc pirisa-
xeze ara Cans araviTari daZabva, araviTari emocionalu-
ri xazgasmuloba, namceci wameba _ sulieri, an ginda
fizikuri”61.149.
gansxvaveba qristes figuris am or gamosaxulebaSi
gamowveulia jvarcmis aqtis ori, arsebiTad gansxvave-
buli interpretaciiT. iSxanis jvarcmis mqandakebeli
jvarcmaSi bunebriv, adamianur aqts xedavs, qristes sik-
vdils, gadatanil fizikur tkivilebs da sulier wame-
bas (Camovardnili figura, daxuWuli Tvalebi). Mmartvi-
lis jvris ostatisTvis, piriqiT, qristes jvarcma gamo-
xatavs sikvdilze gamarjvebis sazeimo aqts (mozeime,
Tavaweuli, Tvalgaxelili figura).
giorgi CubinaSvili Weduri xelovnebis am ZeglSi,
qristes gansaxierebaSi arsebiT gansxvavebas aRniSnavda,
xedavda ,,stilistur miswrafebaTa evolucias”, rome-
lic asaxavda ,,sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis specifikur
formebs” da Seesabameboda fsiqologiur ganwyobaTa
cvlilebebs. igi imasac aRniSnavda, rom yvelaferi es
ukve X da XI saukuneebis sazRvarze SeimCneva saqarTve-
loSi, romelic, avtoris sityviT, ufro adre gadis gan-
viTarebis Sesatyvis etapebs, vidre dasavleT evro-
pa62.150magram g. CubinaSvilis dakvirvebani ifargleba
xsenebuli Zeglebis stilisturi analiziT da araferi
aqvs naTqvami TviT gagebasa da jvarcmis interpretaciis
ideuri safuZvlebis Sesaxeb.
am TvalsazrisiT Seexo iSxanis jvarcmas Salva
amiranaSvili. Mman gadaWriT uaryo xsenebuli Zeglis
973 wliT daTariRebis SesaZlebloba, radgan, rogorc
S.amiranaSvili fiqrobda XI s-is damlevamde arc dasav-

106
leT evropaSi, arc bizantiaSi, ar yofila SemTxveva,
rom jvarcmis kompoziciaSi qriste gamoesaxaT tanjul
mdgomareobaSi da, miT umetes, ,,micvalebuli saxiT”. es
imiTaa gamowveuli, rom am dromde gavrcelebuli iyo
jvarcmis iseTi ganmarteba, romlis mixedviT qriste
warmodgenilia, rogorc gamarjvebuli da triumfatori
(,,sikvdilisa sikvdiliTa damTrgunveli”); igi jvarze
gakruli, magram Tvalebi Ria aqvs, araviTari fizikuri
an sulieri tanjvis niSani mas ar etyoba”63151qristes ga-
mosaxuleba iSxanis jvarze iseTi siaxlea, xsenebuli
avtoris azriT, romelic warmoudgenelia saerTod X
saukuneSi.
S. amiranaSvili imowmebda cnobil bizantinist
lui breÁes, romelic werda: ,,dasavleTelebic da ber-
Znebic (e. i. dasavleT evropaSic da bizantiaSic, _ S.x.)
emxrobodnen jvarcmis V s-is Teologiur interpretaci-
as”. wameba am SemTxvevaSi tragikuli aqti ki ar iyo,
aramed gamoxsnis simbolo, romelic mas unda hqonoda
kacobriobisTvis. ,,qristem sZlia sikvdils; amitom is
jvarze gamosaxulia Ria TvalebiT, da mas Tavze eklis
gvirgvinis magier Zalian xSirad mefuri diadema adgia”.
XII s-mde ,,yvela Zeglze iesos Tavi yovelTvis pirdapir
uWiravs, orive mklavi farTod aqvs gaSlili, fexebi pa-
raleluradaa lursmnebiT miWedili”64.152.
rogorc vxedavT, breÁes warmodgenili jvarcmaze
gamosaxuli qristes suraTi savsebiT Seesabameba mar-
tvilis jvars da arsebiTad upirispirdeba iSxanis
jvarcmas.
iSxanis jvarcmis ganxilva misi ideuri Sinaarsisa
da msoflmxedvelobrivi Sexedulbebis TvalsazrisiT,
vfiqrobT, srul safuZvels iZleva imisaTvis, rom qar-
Tuli Weduri xelovnebis es Zegli X s-iT ganisaz-
Rvros; ufro meti _ misi warmoqmna X s-Si savsebiT ka-
nonzomier faqtad CaiTvalos. Zeglis ideuri Sinaarsi
Seesatyviseba drois moTxovnilebas da adasturebs

107
jvarcmis dogmaturi interpretaciisgan gadaxvevis Se-
saZleblobas.
qarTuli kulturis ideurma ganviTarebam X s-Si
mniSvnelovan Sedegebs miaRwia adamianuris axleburi
gagebis, misi realuri, konkretuli SinaarsiT Sevsebis
TvalsazrisiT. es siaxle SeiWra kulturuli Semoqme-
debis iseT dargSic, romelic uSualod religiur siu-
Jets exeba. jvarcmis axlebur interpretacias saqarTve-
loSi albaT isic uwyobda xels, rom aq, rogorc ze-
moT iTqva, qristes diofizituri gageba iyo gabatonebu-
li da qristeSi adamiani Tavidanve iyo aRiarebuli.
qristes, rogorc RmerT-kacis gamosaxvis dros xelova-
nis yuradReba SeiZleboda gamaxvilebuliyo rogorc
RmerTze, agreTve adamianze. amdroindeli zogadi ideu-
ri mdgomareobiT iyo gansazRvruli, rom adre RmerTze
mimarTulma yuradRebam iSxanis jvarmaSi adamianis war-
modgenaze gadmoinacvla. naTelia, rom xelovnebis am
Zeglis Semoqmedebis winaSe qriste warmoadgens ara im-
denad triumfators, romelmac sikvdiliT sikvdili
daTrguna da gamarjvebuli gamoiyureba, ramdenadac
adamians, romelmac didi fizikuri da sulieri wameba
gadaitana da misi wameba damTavrda ise, rogorc adamia-
nisTvis unda damTavrebuliyo.

108
 meoTxe Tavi

kapadokielTa renesansi
X-XI ss-is saqarTveloSi
,,kapadokielTa renesansis” cneba gulisxmobs biz-
antiur TeologiaSi da filosofiaSi sami didi kapado-
kieli Teologis: grigol nazianzelis, igive grigol
RvTismetyelis (330-390), basil kesarielis, igive basili
didis (330-379) da grigol noselis (335-394) moZRvrebaTa
gavlenis gansakuTrebul zrdas X-XI ss. ,,kapadokiis sa-
mi didi mnaTobis” naazrevi am periodis bizantiur az-
rovnebas ainteresebs, rogorc antikur filosofiasTan
qristianuli Teologiis sinTezis (cxadia, Teologiis
upiratesobiT) erT-erTi umniSvelovanesi cda aRmosav-
leTis azrovnebaSi. misi moSveleba SesaZleblobas qmni-
da da niadags amzadebda antikurobis ufro Rrmad
aRorZinebisTvis, romelic dakavSirebulia miqael fse-
losisa (1018-1078) da ioane italosis (1025-1082 wlis Sem-
deg) saxelebTan da ,,prokles renesansis” saxeliTaa
cnobili1.153.
renesansuli azrovnebisken svlaSi am ori mimdina-
reobis kavSiri gviCvenebs, Tu ra did SesaZleblobas
iZleoda patristikuli ideebis SerCeviT gamoyeneba axa-
li idealebisaTvis brZolaSi. kapadokieli moazrovnee-
bi, gansakuTrebiT grigol nazianzeli, qristianuli Te-
ologiis da antikuri sibrZnis (e.i. aTenisa da ierusa-
limis) kavSirs sasargeblod miiCnevdnen da, amdenad,
upirispirdebodnen tertulianes (160-220) da mis Tanamo-
azreebs, romelnic amgvar kavSirs principulad miuReb-
lad Tvlidnen. samive zemoaRniSnuli kapadokieli moaz-
rovne sikeTis monizmis neoplatonuri principis damcve-
lia. rasakvirvelia am princips isini qristianuli mo-
nizmis safuZvelze aviTarebdnen, magram am, arsebiTad

109
gansxvavebuli safuZvlis miuxedavad, platonis da por-
firiosis moZRvrebasTan kavSiri mainc sagrZnobia, rac
Zlier sayrdens warmoadgenda imaTTvis, vinc ufro meti
zomiT cdilobda neoplatonizmisa da qristianobis da-
axloebas. es exeba imaTac vinc amas farulad akeTebda
(rogorc mag., ,,areopagitikis” avtori), aseve neoplato-
nikosebTan erTad platonis qristianobasTan daaxloe-
bis msurvelebs (miqael fselosi da ioane italosi), da
imaTac, vinc neolatonuri da qristianuli Teologie-
bis gaigivebas cdilobda (ioane petriwi).
Aamgvari safuZvlis gareSe XI s. bizantiaSi warma-
tebiT moRvaweobas ki ara, arsebobasac Znelad SeZleb-
dnen fselosi da misi Tanamoazreebi. maT xom iseTi uki-
duresi orTodoqsi upirispirdeboda, rogoric iyo pat-
riarqi miqael kerulariosi (1000-1058), romlis saxelTa-
naa dakavSirebuli ganxeTqileba da mtroba (sqizma) aR-
mosavleTisa da dasavleTis eklesiebs Soris 1054 w. igi
sastikad ebrZoda konstantine monomaxis karze didi
gavlenis mqone inteleqtualistTa jgufs konstantine
lixudis meTaurobiT. eseni iyvnen miqael fselosi, ioa-
ne mavropodi da ioane qsifilini. es xalxi nergavda im
droisaTvis SesaZlebel Tavisufal azrovnebasa da hu-
manurobas. megobrobis principis Sefasebis moSveliebiT
kargad Cans maTi damokidebuleba orTodoqsul saekle-
sio SexedulebebTan. Tu lixudis wrisaTvis megobroba
warmoadgenda adamianTa Soris amqveyniuri sulieri ur-
TierTobis mwvervals, kerulariosi kategoriulad uar-
yofda amqveyniurobis raime zneobriv Rirebule-
bas2,154fselosi cdilobda daemtkicebina, rom megobroba
adamianTa amqveyniuri urTierTobis normad unda iqces,
kerulariosi ki, moyvasis mimarT keTilganwyobas uar-
yofda. igi Tavis pozicias imiT amarTlebda, rom amgva-
ri damokidebuleba imqveyniurobidan acilebso Cvens
moqmedebas da fiqrs. mecniereba kerulariosisTvis ub-
ralo layboba iyo. Tu fselosi masTan brZolaSi ga-

110
marjvebuli gamovida, es imitom, moxda, rom kerulario-
sis moqmedeba imperatoris miznebs Seejaxa. Mmagram esec
ar iqneboda sakmarisi, fseloss sayrdeni qristian wmin-
danebSic rom ar enaxa. Aaq gansakuTrebiT grigol
RvTismetyveli iyo gamosadegi, romelic mudam xazs us-
vamda basili didTan Tavis megobrobas. kapadokieleb-
Tanve naxulobda sayrdens fselosi zogierTi neopla-
tonuri debulebis gasamarTleblad. Tumca frTxili
da moxerxebuli fselosi am debulebebs neoplatonurs
ar uwodebda, piriqiT, igi kerularioss abralebda ne-
oplatonelobas3.155.
fselosis mowafe da metoqe italosic xSirad iye-
nebda am sayrdens. amitom werda p. ioanu Tavis cnobil
naSromSi _ ,,miqel fselosisa da ioane italosis moZ-
Rvreba iluminaciis Sesaxeb” _ rom ramdenadac orTo-
doqsis damcvelebi arafers ar eridebodnen da yvelgan
eress xedavdnen, fselosi da italosi ,,TavianT ganmar-
tebaSi Teolog grigol nazianzels emyarebodnen”4.156.
XX s. qarTul filosofiaSi fselosisa da kapado-
kielTa es kavSiri sakmaod adre dainaxes. es moxda rus-
Tavelis msoflmxedvelobis filosofiur safuZvlebze
kamaTisas. prof. m. gogiberiZe xedavda ra fselosisa da
misi momxreebis mier kapadokielTa uxv gamoyenebas, meo-
re mxriv, gamodioda ra sakuTari zogadi poziciidan,
rom qristianuli sqolastika ki ara, aramed mxolod
arabuli filosofia gamodgeboda rusTavelis humaniz-
misaTvis, yuradRebas ar aqcevda gansxvavebas fselossa
da kapadokielTa Soris. amis formalur uflebas mas
ar aZlevda is, rom fselosi sakuTari poziciis dasaca-
vad gulmodgined amtkicebda Tavis erTgulebas kapado-
kielTa mimarT. m. gogiberiZis azriT, ,,fselosis sko-
lam erTi nabijic ver gadadga win kapadokieli ,,didi
mamebis” grigol nazianzelisa da grigol noselis mier
pirvelad wamoyenebuli da ioane damaskelis mier mTeli
aRmosavleTis qristianobisaTvis sabolood dadgenili

111
debulebidan imis Sesaxeb, rom mecniereba amqveyniur
saqmeebze unda iyo xelSemwyobi da msaxuri Teologii-
sa, xolo logikur meTodi unda emsaxurebodes qristia-
nuli dogmebis gamarTlebis saqmes”5.157.
marTalia, dRes qarTvel medievistTa umravlesoba
iziarebs S. nucubiZis Tvalazriss, rom renesansis fi-
losofiuri safuZveli neoplatonizmi iyo, magram m. go-
giberiZis damsaxurebad mainc rCeba kapadokielTa axali
rolis SemCneva XI s. bizantiur msoflmxedvelobaSi.
udavoa, swored kapadokielebma misces saSualeba mi-
qael fseloss emtkicebina, rom ,,igi qristianobam miiy-
vana platonTan da aristotelesTan” (5146). kapadokiel-
Ta naazrevisa da poziciis udavo mniSvnelobam renesan-
suli azrovnebis gabatonebisaTvis brZolaSi zogierTi
mkvlevari iqamde miiyvana, rom renesansis moRvaweTa
idealad gamoacxada ,,eklesiis mamaTa mier antikurobis
Seswavla”. rogorc vxedavT, aq saSualeba miznad iqca
miCneuli, rac samarTlianad gaakritika S. nucubiZem Ta-
vis wignSi _ ,,rusTaveli da aRmosavleTis renesan-
si”6.158.
kapadokielTa naazrevi iseve, rogorc mogvianebiT
ioane damaskelis pozicia, saSualebas iZleoda Teolo-
gias filosofiaSi daqvemdebarebuli, magram mainc mo-
kavSire daenaxa. es ki amzadebda, anda, yovel SemTxveva-
Si, dasaSvebs xdida, ufro maRali sinTezis SesaZleb-
lobas, rac prokles aRorZinebis saxiT moxda da, rom-
lis arsebiTi Sinaarsi Teologiis da filosofiis igi-
veobis mtkiceba iyo. Aam axali poziciisaTvis sinTezis
wodeba mxolod imdenad SeiZleba, ramdenadac erTimeo-
res emTxveva filosofiis umaRlesi nawili _ ,,metafi-
zika” da Teologia, xolo filosofiis sxva nawilebi
TanxmobaSia masTan. amgvari gagebis principebi fselos-
Tan da italosTan SefarviTaa mocemuli, ioane petriw-
Tan _ savsebiT aSkarad. Tumca aqac ueWveladaa miCneu-

112
lii sruli Tanxmoba kapadokielTa moZRvrebasTan, ase-
ve, rogorc pavle mociqulTan.
am msgavsebis miuxedavad, kapadokielTa roli sa-
qarTveloSi da bizantiaSi sxvadasxvagvarad vlindeba.
bizantiur filosofiaSi da TeologiaSi prokles Zlie-
ri da gavleniani mowinaaRmdegeebi gamouCndnen mag., ioa-
ne filoponusi (VI s.), romlis Sromebs zogjer aTenis
filosofiuri skolis daxurvis Teoriuli gamarTle-
bis cdas uwodeben. es garemoeba naTels fens am skolis
warmomadgenlis, cnobili komentatoris simpliciosis
gaborotebul gamonaTqvamebs Tavisi yofili amxanagis
(aleqsandriidan) winaaRmdeg7.159magram qristianul Teo-
logias, iseve, rogorc mahmadianurs, sWirdeboda neop-
latonuri filosofiis rigi principi. Aamitom misi ub-
ralo akrZalva saqmes ar Sveloda: am aspeqtiT prok-
les yvelaze didi dartyma, SeiZleba iTqvas, miayena
,,areopagitikis” avtorma, roca is, rac maSindel qris-
tianobas sWirdeboda proklesagan da saerTod neopla-
tonizmisagan, qristianul TeologiaSi moaqcia da pav-
le mociqulis mier moqceul dionise areopagels miawe-
ra.Mmaqsime aRmsareblis gulmodginebiT am naSromma da
Semdeg, ,,mizezTa wignmac” prokles adgili daikava Teo-
logiaSi. amis gamo ,,areopagitika”, rogorc RvTismetyve-
lebis wyaro, kapadokielTa naazrevis winamorbedad iq-
ca. Aamitom iyo, mkvlevrebi XX saukunemde, specialis-
tTa protestis miuxedavad, mainc msjelobdnen xolme
kapadokielebze ,,areopagitikis” gavlenis Taobaze. es
istoriulad SemuSavebuli ganwyoba dResac iCens xol-
me Tavs ,,areopagitikaze” kapadokielTa gavlenis saTana-
do SeufaseblobaSi.
,,areopagitikisa” da maqsime aRmsareblis gavleniT
prokles xseneba bizantiur filosofiaSi VII-XI sauku-
neebamde qreba. rogorc podskalski narkvevSi _ ,,niko-
loz meToneli da prokles renesansi bizantiaSi” aR-
niSnavs _ mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi prokles oriode

113
enciklopedisti Tu moixseniebs da isic SemTxve-
viT8.160rogorc sayovelTaod cnobilia, XI s. meore naxe-
varSi viTareba radikalurad icvleba.
saqarTveloSi XI s. dasasrulisTvis igive Sedegs
vxedavT. Mmagram am Sedegebisken mimavali gza mniSvne-
lovnad gansxvavebulia. naTelia, rom bizantiel Teo-
logebs da filosofosebs ,,areopagitikis” Targmna ar
sWirdebodaT. mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi es wigni, maq-
sime aRmsareblis komentarebTan erTad, maTTvis TiT-
qmis samagido iyo. yuradReba unda mieqces im garemoe-
bas, rom ,,areopagitikaSi” filosofia ufro mkacradaa
daqvemdebarebuli Teologias, vidre kapadokielebTan.
magram filosofiis ufleba arsebobaze da masTan Teo-
logiis garkveuli kavSiri mainc daSvebulia (mag., kama-
Ti apolifanTan, aseve mogvi elimas da pavle mociqu-
lis ,,kamaTis” filosofiuri analizi)9.161am SromaSi xSi-
radaa moSveliebuli filosofiuri argumentebi, miuxe-
davad imisa, rom pavle mociquli dasabuTebis saWiroe-
bas rwmenis sisusted miiCnevda.
amis gamo, prokles gamoyenebis gasamarTleblad,
bizantiaSi, saWiro iyo kapadokielTa poziciis win wa-
moweva. saqarTveloSi ki ,,areopagitika” mxolod XI s.
meore naxevarSi iTargmna, e. i. maSin, roca ,,kapadokiis
sami mnaTobis” Sromebis araerTi Targmani arsebobda.
albaT am garemoebam Seuwyo xeli ,,areopagitikis” ufro
humanistur interpretacias saqarTveloSi, radgan uda-
vod iyo miCneuli, rom kapadokielebi ,,areopagitikas-
Tan” srul TanxmobaSi arian da mis debulebebs aviTa-
reben. am garemoSi gaxda es saxelganTqmuli Zegli rus-
Tvelis msoflmxedvelobis erT-erTi filosofiuri sa-
fuZveli da moamzada SesaZlebloba Tavad prokles
Targmnisa ioane petriwis mier. sayuradReboa is faqtic,
rom petriwi, romelic ekamaTeba, magram ar axsenebs
,,areopagitikas”, bolosityvaobaSi (Tu xelnaweris es
nawili mas ekuTvnis) srul TanxmobaSia basili didTan

114
da grigol RvTismetyvelTan. rac Seexeba grigol no-
sels, mas aq ver vxedavT, rac gamocanaa da pasuxs moiT-
xovs. SeiZleba am kiTxvaze pasuxi mogvces adamianis bu-
nebis grigol noselis da nemesios emeseliseuli gage-
bis Sedarebam. am ukanasknelis ,,bunebisaTvis kacisa”
petriwma airCia saTargmnelad da, e. i. eTanxmeboda mas.
winaswar erT niSanze SeiZleba mivuTiToT: specia-
listebis azriT, grigol noseli pirvelia mamaTa So-
ris, romelmac adamians sruli ,,RvTisadmi msgavseba”,
ara mxolod istoriis dasasruls, aramed dasawyisSic
mianiWa10.162marTalia es msgavseba SesaZleblobis saxiT
arsebobs, romelic daaxloebis usasrulo procesisaT-
vis aris gaTvaliswinebuli, magram mainc principuli
msgavsebaa, romelic gamoxatavs adamianis msgavsebas
uSualod RvTisadmi, rogorc amas bibliuri gadmocema
gvauwyebs. petriwisaTvis ki, adamiani Seqmnilia ara uSu-
alod RvTis xatad, aramed RvTis xatis msgavsad11.163.
gvaqvs Tu ara ufleba, vilaparakoT kapadokielTa
renesansze qarTul kulturaSi? renesansi, cxadia, rai-
mes aRorZinebas, xelaxla warmoCenas niSnavs, Tanac ma-
Ral doneze, rac axal kulturul donesTan warsulis
kulturis elementebis sinTeziT xorcieldeba. kapado-
kielebi saqarTveloSi, rasakvirvelia, cnobili iyvnen X
saukunemde, magram maTi Targmanebi, rogorc wesi, origi-
nalidan ar sruldeba da, rac mTavaria, arc ganmsaz-
Rvreli iyvnen msoflmxedvelobrivi azrovnebisaTvis. X
saukunidan ki sul sxva suraTs vxedavT. antikuri fi-
losofiis gamorCeviT Seswavla saqaTveloSi oficia-
luri ganaTlebis aucilebel nawilad iqca12.164es dayo-
fa uSualod ukavSirdeba basili didis mier ,,gareSe
sibrZnis” Sefasebas.
qarTuli qristianoba, rogorc cnobilia kapadoki-
uri kulturis Zlier gavlenas ganicdida. qristiano-
basTan erTad saqarTveloSi kapadokieli mamebis moZ-
Rvrebac vrceldeboda: Tu gaviTvaliswinebT kapadokie-

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lebze neoplatinizmis udavo gavlenas, Zneli dasanaxi
araa, rom ganaTlebis es xazi Cvens qveyanaSi unda CaiT-
valos neoplatonuri azrovnebis meore wyarod. neopla-
tonizmisa, romelmac SemdgomSi arsebiTad gansazRvra
qarTuli msoflmxedvelobiTi azrovnebis ganviTareba.
pirvel wyarod vgulisxmob kolxeTis ritorikul neop-
latonur skolas, romelic warmaTul neoplatonizms
qadagebda da romlis erT-erT warmomadgenlad bakuri
SeiZleba miviCnoT. rac Seexeba qristianul neoplato-
nizms (kapadokielTa gziT) gavlenis kvals qarTul az-
rovnebaze misi ganviTarebis adreul periodSi, aq SeiZ-
leba mivuTiTo petre iberze. rogorc misi biografebi
gvamcnoben, igi gansakuTrebul yuradrebas aqcevda basi-
li didis moZRvrebas da saxelmZRvanelod miuTiTebda
masze Tavis mowafeebs, romelTa Soris qarTvelebic iy-
vnen.
kapadokiis zemoaRniSnul moRvaweTagan saqarTve-
loSi yvelaze gavleniani iyo basili didi (330-379).Mmas
xSirad, im qalaqis mixedviT, sadac episkoposi iyo, ba-
sil kesariels uwodebdnen. Bbasilma ganaTleba aTenSi
miiRo grigol nazianzelTan erTad da mravali neopla-
tonuri idea qristianuli interpretaciiT gaavrcela.
maT Soris umniSvnelovanesi iyo sikeTis monizmis idea,
romelic borotebis SefardebiTobis maCvenebeli marjve
magaliTebiT gaamagra.
Zvel qarTul kulturaSi basilis gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba araerTxel aRniSnula. ,,qarTuli tradicia
arc erT saeklesio mamas (TviT qarTveli moRvaweebida-
nac ki) iseTi didi gulisyuriT ar ekideba da iseT did
pativs ar miagebs da arc erTi maTgani ise gaTavisebu-
li ara hyavs, rogorc basili”13.165mas qarTulad mTar-
gmnelebic gamorCeuli Sexvda: efTvime aTonelma sru-
lad Targmna misi ,,iTika”, romelic Sedgeba ,,swavlani-
sa” da ,,TargmanebaÁ fsalmunTaÁsa”-gan. masve ekuTvnis

116
basilis werilebis Targmani. Bbasils Targmnidnen gi-
orgi aToneli, efrem mcire, arsen iyalToeli.
,,swavlani” safuZvlianad ganixilavs sikeTis mo-
nizmis raobas, drois problemas, pirovnebis Tavisuf-
lebis sakiTxs, berZnul filosofiasTan qristianobis
mimarTebis sakiTxs, berZnuli filosofiis SerCevis
princips da misi aTvisebis sazRvrebs, qalisa da kacis
Tanasworobas, gonebisa da nebis mimarTebas, sibrZnisa
da filosofiis urTierTkavSirs, sizmrisa da sinamdvi-
lis urTierTmimarTebas da sxva. ostaturi Targmanis
wyalobiT, mTeli es problematika Semovida qarTul az-
rovnebaSi. cnebebisaTvis monaxulia adekvaturi qarTu-
li terminebi, romelTagan bevri gahyva qarTul kultu-
ras da dResac Tanamedroved gveCvenebian. magaliTad:
gamocdileba, qvelmoqmedeba, ,,dumiliT qadageba”, megob-
roba, saTnoeba, sulis goneba, SiSi, Zrwola, ,,Tuali
igi sulisaÁ” da sxv. Mmadlier mkiTxvels uneburad moa-
gondeba giorgi aTonelis naTqvami efTvimeze: ,,egeviTa-
ri Targmani…arRara…gamoCinebul ars enasa Cuensa da
vhgoneb, Tu arcaRa gamoCinebad ars”14.166.
,,WeSmaritebisa sityuaÁ Zniad Sesapyrobel ars”,
gvaswavlis basili15.167amis miuxedavad, mas miaCnia, rom
pirovneba Tavis namdvil realobas mxolod WeSmarite-
bis miRweviT iZens. WeSmaritebis, anu wrfeli rwmenis
dacva niSnavs sakuTari pirovnulobis, meobis movlas
da dacvas. Bbasili cdilobs auxilos adamians ,,Tualni
igi sulisaÁ krZalvad Tavisa Tvisisa16.”168radgan WeSma-
ritebas suli eZebs da poulobs, sulisa da sxeulisa-
gan Semdgari adamianis arsebas suli qmnis. Aamitom ,,ek-
rZale Tavsa Sensa, romel ars suli Seni”17.169.
grigol nazianzeli (330-390) Zalze popularuli
iyo saqarTveloSi. udavoa, efTvimes am saqmeSic lomis
wili udevs. umTavresad mxolod mis mier Targmnili
grigolis Sromebidan Sedgenili krebulis ricxvi ca-
mets aRwevs18.170efrem mcires Targmanebidan ki TerTmeti

117
krebulia Sedgenili. efremi sruli TavmdablobiT, Zi-
riTad damsaxurebas am saqmeSic efTvimes miawers, ro-
melmac grigolis sibrZnis yanis yoveli Zna (,,yoveli
mWeli”) ,,audva uremsa qarTvelTasa”. TavisTvis man dac-
venil TavTavTa (,,kuvilni”) akrefa daitova19.171am ori
moRvawis mimarTebaSi ukeT SeiZleba gamoikveTos termi-
ni _ ,,filosofosis” mniSvneloba sxvadasxva skolaSi
da sxvadasxva periodSi. magaliTad efremi aq efTvimes
moridebiT miuTiTebs, rom igi ar Tvlida saTanado yu-
radRebis Rirsad filosofiur wignebs. ,,filosofiuri”
am gagebiT saRvTismetyvelos, e. i. Teologiurs upiris-
pirdeba, rogorc umaRles mizans. filosofiuri wigne-
bis Targmans efremi Tavis wvlilad miiCnevs. aqedan Se-
iZleba ufro gasagebi gaxdes efremisave gancxadeba da-
maskelis ,,dialeqtikis” Targmanze darTuli _ ,,sxuaÁ
araraÁ odes Targmnilia safilosofosTa wignTagani”.
aqac filosofia RvTismetyvelebisgan gansxvavebulia
da eqvemdebareba mas, rogorc organoni, e. i. iaraRi, ro-
melic arsebiTad neitraluria sapirispiro msoflmxed-
velobaTa mimarT; rom ,,filosofia” sxvagvaradac gaige-
boda, amis dasadgenad SevadaroT misi gageba amonios
ermisis qarTul TargmanSi, sadac igi uigivdeba RvTis-
metyvelebas20.172udavoa, rom efremi efTvimes amgvarad
gagebuli filosofiisadmi uyuradRebobas ver daabra-
lebda. momdevno qarTul kulturaSi, petriwis gavle-
niT, filosofiis amgvari (TeologiasTan gaigivebulis)
gageba ufro ikidebs fexs. rusTavelTanac filosofia
sibrZnea da umaRles sibrZnesTan gvaerTebs. igi umaR-
lesTan SeerTebis garantiaa da ara ubralo saSualeba
TeologiisaTvis.
grigol nazianzelis TargmanebiT qarTul azrov-
nebaSi origenes naazrevic Semovida. Tavisi umcrosi me-
gobris grigol noselis msgavsad, nazianzelic neopla-
tonizmisa da origenes gavlenas ganicdida. magram mis
orTodoqsulobaSi, iseve rogorc basilisaSi, grigol

118
noselisagan gansxvavebiT, arasodes SeparviaT eWvi. na-
zianzeli, roca aTenSi swavlobda basilTan erTad, ama-
ve dros eufleboda iq filosofias SemdgomSi cnobili
imperatori iuliane _ gandgomilad wodebuli21.173rasak-
virvela, grigolic, basilis msgavsad, filosofias Te-
ologias uqvemdebarebda, magram gansxvavebiT keTilgan-
wyobili iyo mis mimarT. ,,grigolis mier RmrTismetyue-
lisa, didisa basilis saflavsa zeda warwerili sityu-
ani”, romelic efrem mcirem Targmna qarTulad, naTlad
gamoxatavs am keTilganwyobas, romelic RvTismetyvelis
avtoritetiT gamagrebuli farTod vrceldeboda qar-
Tul azrovnebaSi _ ,,hoi sayuarelno aTinelno, romel-
Ta Soris viswavlidiT da gaswavlidiT”22.174aTensa da
iurusalims Soris amgvar sapatio kavSirs akanonebs
grigol nazianzeli sakuTari da basili didis saxe-
liT.
am kavSiris miuxedavad, grigoli mkacrad icavda
antikuri filosofiis SerCeviT aTvisebis princips. igi
gadaWriT uaryofda piTagoras da orfelTa moZRvrebas,
aseve platonis mosazrebebs sulTa gadasaxlebis Tao-
baze23.175.
grigol nazianzels qarTulad Targmnidnen gri-
gol oSkeli, efTvime aToneli, daviT tbeli, efrem mci-
re da ioane petriwi. Ees Targmanebi isea SerCeuli, rom
TanxmobaSia maSindeli qarTuli kulturis gezTan re-
nesansisaken. rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, grigoli adamian-
Ta urTierTobaSi did mniSvnelobas aniWebda megobro-
bas, icavs rwmenisa da filosofiis urTierTkavSirs, ga-
damwyvetad miiCnevs zneobriv moqmedebas, aSkara upira-
tesobas aniWebs saqmes, e. i. zneobriv praqtikul moqme-
debas, msjelobasa da ganazrebaze. amiT niadagi mzadde-
ba rusTavelis cnobili maqsimisaTvis _ ,,ara viqm cod-
na ras margebs filosofosTa brZnobisa”.
IV saukunis kapadokiel moazrovneTagan grogol
noseli yvelaze umcrosi iyo, magram filosofiuri siR-

119
rmiT yvelaze Zlierad iTvleba. mas miaweren qristianu-
li filosofiuri mistikis pirvel seriozul dafuZne-
bas. es mxare didxans ifareboda fsevdo-dionises avto-
ritetiT, romlis ,,ganTqmuli spekulaciis didi nawili
masTan ukve mocemuli iyo.24”176h. koxis azriT, filoni
da neoplatonikosebi erTnairad iyvnen grigolisa da
,,areopagitikis” avtoris wyaroebi. gansxvaveba, cxadia,
isaa, rom ,,areopagitikaSi” gadamwyetia neoplatonizmis
umaRlesi donis warmomadgenlis, e. i. prokles gavlena.
Mmagram specialistebi mainc samarTlianad gamoyofen im
punqtebs, sadac ,,areopagitika swored grigol nosels
emyareba”25.177.
grigol noselisaTvis, rom gekiTxaT, igi mxolod
agrZelebda ufrosi Zmis _ basili didisa da grigol
nazianzelis saqmes. gansakuTrebiT, basili didis idee-
bis naTelyofas Tvlida Tavis miznad. Mmagram iqve aR-
niSnavda, rom maTi analizis, anda dasabuTebis proces-
Si mas, problemis Sinagani logikiT gatacebuls, zog-
jer basilis mier dadgenili sazRvrebis gadalaxva ux-
deboda. amas sxvebic amCnevdnen da amitom basilisa da
grigol RvTismetyvelisagan gansxvavebiT, mis orTodoq-
sulobaSi xSirad SehqondaT eWvi. Tumca grigol nose-
li gulmodgined ebrZoda arianelebs da 381 w. konstan-
tinopolis krebaze rwmenis formulis CamoyalibebaSic
didi wvlili Seitana.
grigol noseli origenesac da neoplatonikoseb-
sac kritikulad iTvisebda, radgan cdilobda Tanmim-
devrulad daecva qristianuli Teologiis principebi.
Mmagram swored am Tanmimdevrulobis gamo, winaaRmdego-
basac uwevda gabatonebul orTodoqsias. magaliTad,
yvela arsebis pirvelwyarosTan dabrunebis neoplato-
nuri principis Tanaxmad, igi amtkicebda, rom jojoxe-
Tis tanjva maradiuli araa, rom yvela codvili da maT
Soris, satanac RmerTs daubrundeba. basilisagan gan-
sxvavebiT, igi ebrZoda monobis instituts, igi dauSveb-

120
lad miaCnda. imasac amtkicebdnen, rom grigolma mamaTa
Soris pirvelma daiwyo adamianis RmerTTan imTaviTve
sruli msgavsebis mtkiceba, rac misi mistikis safuZve-
lia.Mmagram am msgavsebis realizacia xilvaTa da amaR-
lebaTa usasrulo process gulisxmobs. Aadamianis, ro-
gorc RvTis saxis arqetipisken swrafvis gamosaxatavad
man SesaniSnavi formula gamokveTa _ ,,maradis sakuTar
Tavze maRla” (aei hufseloteron eauto26).178amiT qristi-
anobaSi usasrulobis cnebis pozitiuri mniSvneloba
damkvidrda. usasruloba nosels pirdapiri azriT esmis:
RmerTi srulyofili saxiT arc erTi donis eqstazSi,
TviT moses mier nislSi gancdili, ar vlindeba. amas
ukavSirdeba bizantiur renesansSi italosis idea samya-
roTa RmerTisaken usasrulo ganviTarebisa27.179
TxzulebaSi, romelsac ,,moses cxovreba” ewodeba,
noselma Seqmna arsebiTi mniSvnelobis antikuri termini
_ ,,mbrwyinavi wyvdiadi”, rogorc zegonieri xilvis ga-
momxatveli. misi gavlena ,,areopagitikis” gavleniT rus-
Tavelamde aRwevs. igi rusTavelis ,,mziani Ramis” Sore-
ul winaprad SeiZleba CaiTvalos28.180es cneba da termi-
ni (brwyinvale wyvdiadi _ lampros gnofos) ar iTvleba
neoplatonuri da saerTod berZnuli tradiciidan ga-
momdinared, radgan, am tragiciis Tanaxmad, sibnele da
wyvdiadi iTvleba borotebad29.181
noselis ideebis gavlena qarTul azrovnebaze
dasturdeba rogorc uSualod, ise ,,areopagitikis”
gziT. nosels Targmnidnen daviT tbeli, efTvime aTone-
li, efrem mcire. Teologiuri mistikis Rrma problemeb-
Tan erTad am TargmanebiT CvenSi Semovida im droisTvis
soliduri sabunebismetyvelo codna samyarosa da ada-
mianis Sesaxeb.Nnoseli arcTu warumateblad cdilobda
Teologiisa da bunebismetyvelebis Serigebas.
sxva kapadokielTa msgavsad, noselic uaryofda
sulTa gadasaxlebis Teorias. sxeulamde arsebuli su-
lis ideaTa samyarodan sulSi Casaxlebis SesaZleblo-

121
bas, aseve imis daSvebas, rom suli unda ,,kualad mivi-
des muniT”.Nnosels eWvi ar epareba, rom amgvar Sexedu-
lebaTa damcvelTa ,,sityuai” saerTod ,,daudgomel ars
da daumtkicebel ars”30182nosel episkoposs raki mTar-
gmnelebi hyavda, mimdevrebic eyoleboda qarTul azrov-
nebaSi. isini am mimdinareobas qmnidnen, romelTac ioane
petriwi daupirispirdeba da srul Tanxmobas dainaxavs
platonis ideaTa Teoriasa da ,,Sesaqmes” Soris.
amtkicebda ra sulisa da sxeuli erTad Seqmnas,
anu ,,erTbaSad bunebierad”31,183nosels aqedan sulac ar
gamohyavs sulis ukvdavebis uaryofa.Aam problemas man
specialuri naSromi miuZRvna _ ,,Ziebai sulisaTvis” _
romelic platonis ,,fedonis” qristianuli variantia. aq
sokrates adgils gardacvlili basili ikavebs, xolo
mosaubreebi arian grigol noseli da misi RvTismosavi
ufrosi da, makine. am naSromis ori _ gansxvavebuli Zve-
li qarTuli Targmanis arseboba masSi gadmocemuli
ideebis gavlenaze miuTiTebs qarTul kulturaSi.
kapadokielTadmi interesis mkveTri aRmavloba X-
XI ss. saqarTveloSi, romelic eris kulturis Sinagani
moTxovnilebebiT iyo ganpirobebuli, sasikeTo aRmoCnda
qarTuli msoflmxedvelobrivi azrovnebisaTvis. amaR-
lda ara marto mTargmnelobiTi kultura, aramed fi-
losofiuri azrovnebis donec. SemuSavda axli termino-
logia, gaSinaurda mravali mniSvnelovani filosofiu-
ri idea, momzadda niadagi kulturis Semdgomi winsvli-
saTvis. es gamoixata jer ,,areopagitikis”, Semdeg ki ne-
oplatonizmis mwvervalis _ prokle diadoqosis ,,Teo-
logiis pirvelsafuZvlebis” qarTulad Targmnis faq-
tiT. prokles Txzulebis petriwiseulma Targmanma da
komentarebma saqarTveloSi humanizmis axali safexuris
filosofiuri safuZvlebi moamzada.

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 mexuTe Tavi

aTonis mwignobruli skola

aTonis literatul skolas qarTuli mwerlobisa
da kulturis istoriaSi saetapo mniSvneloba aqvs. ef-
Tvime da giorgi mTawmidelebis moRvaweoba miznad isa-
xavda literaturuli cxovrebis iseT gacxovelebas,
rom qarTveli eri mowinave qveynebis kulturas ziare-
boda. dasavleTiT bizantiasa da aRmosavleTiT qristi-
anul-arabul samyarosTan kontaqtebi umTavresad mTar-
gmnelobiT literaturaSi iCenda Tavs. Targmna da Tar-
gmnilis ganmarteba sazogadoebis azrovnebiTi donis
amaRlebis aucilebel pirobad iqna miCneuli. mTargmne-
lobiTi saqmianobis intensiuri xasiaTi warmarTavda
qarTvel mTawmidelTa literaturul moRvaweobas.
eris sulier_kulturul moTxovnilebaTa Sesabamisad
Targmnelobis amocanebi da mizandasaxuloba imdenad
specifikuri iyo, rom igi SemoqmedebiT process utol-
deboda da sisxlsavse literaturul cxovrebas qmni-
da.
mTargnelobiTi saqmianobis garda, aTonelTa moR-
vaweoba originaluri SemoqmedebiTi xasiaTaTac gamo-
irCeoda. efTvime da giorgi aTonelebis mier Seqmnili
originaluri Txzulebebi brwyinvale literaturuli
Zeglebia da mniSvmnelovani pirvelwyaroebi qarTuli
mwerlobis, istoriisa da saerTod kulturis istori-
is TvalsazrisiT.
aTonis literaturuli skolis saqmianoba qrono-
logiurad daemTxva qarTuli saxelmwifosa da eklesi-
is centralizaciisa da aRmavlobis sawyis etaps. aTo-
nis skola naTlad atarebs gardamavali periodis niS-
nebs, roca Zveli tradiciuli principebi da xedvebi
sruliad axali, Tvisobrivad gansxvavebuli koncefcie-

123
biT icvleba, roca myari safuZveli eyreba qarTul re-
ligiur da kulturul identobas.
aTonelTa samwerlo moRvaweobis arsi ZiriTadad
wminda literaturul procesSi gamovlinda. maTi inte-
resebi farTo da zogadi iyo da literaturis TiTqmis
yvela dargs swvdeboda. sasuliero mwerloba yvela
Tavisi dargiT (bibliologia, hagiografia, homiletika,
liturgika, dogmatika, polemika, kanonika da sxva) war-
moCinda efTvime da giorgi mTawmidelebis literatu-
rul moRvaweobaSi.
qarTvel aTonelTa SemoqmedebiTi individualobi-
sa da moRvaweobis gansakuTrebulad gamorCeuli xasia-
Tis sayuradRebo Sefasebas iZleva maTi umcrosi Tana-
medrove efrem mcire. efremi uaRresi mowiwebiT afasebs
aTonelTa moRvaweobas, maT mier gaCaRebul Semoqmede-
biT da mTargmnelobiT saqmianobas qarTuli mwerlo-
bis axos gakafvas adarebs.
,,maTiTa eniTa vzraxav da maTiTa yuriTa mesmis
da maTiTa ÃeliTa vSurebi. da ukeTu maTiTave Cemda
datevebuliTa ketebiTa da uroebiTa maTsa axod gaka-
fulsa da lodovanobisagan yanobis-qmnilsa Sina ad-
gil-adgil sima SuraliTa daSTomili maTda Ziri anu
klde aRmovhkafo, _ amas maTsa maTTagan maTdave Sev-
swirav” (Ley.43.2).
raSi vlideba mTawmidelTa moRvaweobis is speci-
fika, rac efrem mciris maxvil Tvals SeuniSnavs? axa-
siaTebs ra efTvime mTawmidlis Semoqmedebas, efrem
mcire gamohyofs im moments, rac tipologiurad ganas-
xvavebs efTvimes moRvaweobis arss momdevno epoqebis
moRvaweTa, maT Soris TviT efrem mciris azrovnebis
principebisagan. raSi mdgomareobs es momenti? efrem
mcire SeniSnavs:
,,siCiCebasa Cuenisa naTesavisas sZiTa zrdida...
,,sityua simokle moZlierisai ganverTis litonisa eri-
saTÂs” (Jez/ Georg. 43, 3), ,,ukeTu lomi ver cidamtkave-

124
lebr xldeboda karebsa filosofosTasa, amas anacvale
lomebrivoba misi da meufebrivobaÁ krTomisaÁ, rameTu
yoveli mWeli RmrTismetyuelebisaÁ mas aedva uremsa
qarTvelTasa, xolo me misiTave sanTeliTa ÃuviniRa aR-
mikrebian datÂirTvad uremsa missa” (Jer.43. 3V).
efremis sityvebidan naTlad Cans, rom tipologi-
urad gansxvavebul mijnas mTawmidelebisa da momdevno
epoqebis mweralTa moRvaweobaSi qmnis is viTareba, rom
efTvime mTawmideli ,,ver xldeboda karebsa filoso-
fosTasa”.
saqme isaa, rom qarTuli klasikuri epoqis gariJ-
raJze efTvime mTawmidels, giorgi mTawmidelTan
erTad, udidesi ganmanaTlebluri misia daekisra: qar-
Tuli mwerlobis gamdidreba maSindeli bizantiuri
mwerlobis yvela Tu ara, umTavresi Zeglebis
TargmniT; adre naTargnmi Txzulebebis redaqtireba,
qarTuli sazogadoebis sulier kulturul moTxovni-
lebaTa Sesatyvisi oroginalur ZeglTa Seqmna, erTi
sityviT, qarTvelTa urmis datvirTva mwignobrobiTa
da ganaTlebiT. aman ganapiroba is, rom qarTveli eris-
Tvis maqsimalurad swrafva_miwodebis pirobebSi,
efTvime yvelafers ver aswrebda da amis gamo origina-
lursa Tu mTargmnelobiT saqmianobaSi saTanadod ver
aisaxa im epoqis saazrovno-filosofiuri moZRrebi-
saTvis niSandoblivi bevri sakiTxi, romlebTanac mxo-
lod ,,filosofosTa karebiT” SeiZleboda SeRweva.
mTawmidelTa moRvaweobaSi wminda filosofiiT
gatacebas TavisTavadi xasiaTi ar hqonia. magram, miuxe-
davad amisa, qarTuli filosofiuri azrovnebis isto-
riaSi aTonelTa moRvaweobas Tavisi gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba aqvs Tundac imitom, rom maT literatu-
rul nawarmoebebSi gafantulad aris warmodgenili
sxvadasxva filosofiuri moZRrebisaTvis damaxasiaTe-
beli idea-Sexedulebani. aTonelTa msjelobis sagans
warmoadgens mTeli rigi filosofiuri cnebebi, maT

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raime kanonzomieri da sistematiuri xasiaTi ara aqvs,
isini moyvanilia qristianul-Teologiuri xasiaTis
msjelobebTan dakavSirebiT, religiuri mizandasaxu-
lobiT.
Sua saukuneebis filosofia religiuri iyo. ef-
Tvime da giorgi mTawmidelebis msoflmxedvelobac am
religiurobiT aris gamorCeuli. mTawmidelTa litera-
turul saqmianobas ZiriTadad da principulad sasu-
liero mwerlobis interesebi da mizandasaxuloba war-
marTavda, filosofiurma da mecnierulma azrovnebam
maTTan iseTi intensiuri asaxva ver hpova, rogorc ef-
rem mciris, arsen iyalToelisa da ioane petriwis Se-
moqmedebaSi.
miuxedavad amisa, aTonis skolis moRvaweTa Semoq-
medeba friad mniSvnelovani etapia qarTuli filiso-
fiis ganviTarebis istoriaSi, rogorc TavisTavad da-
moukidebeli Rirebulebis mqone movlena da meorec,
mosamzadebeli etapi efrem mcirisa da ioane petriwis
filosofiuri azrovnebisaTvis. sainteresoa aTonelTa
moRvaweoba Teoriuli azrovnebis TvalsazrisiT, ro-
gorc qristianuli religiisa da aristotelizm-neop-
latonizmis mimarTebis amsaxveli fenomeni, romelSic
calkeuli filosofiuri cnebebi da logikuri dasabu-
Tebebis meTodebi gamoyenebuli iqna ZiriTadi qristia-
nul-raligiuri debulebebis dasamtkiceblad. sainte-
resoa igi qarTuli filosofiuri terminologiis Se-
muSavebis azriT, rogorc seriozuli movlena mecnie-
rul-filosofiur terminTa Ziebisa da dadgenis Tval-
sazrisiT.
aTonis literaturuli skolis sulier-ideolo-
giuri, kulturul-literaturuli principebis sistema
yvelaze ukeTesad gamovlinda am keris sulisCamdgme-
lisa da meTauris efTvime mTawmidelis SemoqmedebaSi.
efTvime mTawmideli (955-1028). efTvime mTawmideli
memkvidreobaSi sagangebo Aadgili uWiravs Txzulebas,

126
romelic mwerlobaSi ori saxeliT aris cnobili:
,,sarwmunoebisaTvis” da ,,winamZRuari”. rogorc k. keke-
liZem gaarkvia am, ori saxelwodebis qveS dgas erTi
Txzuleba, kerZod, ioane damaskelis ,,gardamocemis mi-
xedviT” Sedgenili nawarmoebi1.184.
miCneuli iyo, rom efTvime mTawmidelma Semokle-
bulad Targmna ioane damaskelis ,,gardamocema”, magram
rogorc specialuri kvleviT gairkva, efTvimes ,,winam-
ZRuari” Tavisi SedgenilobiT sruliad gansxvavebuli
nawarmoebia
`winamZRuaris~ kritikuli teqsti gamoqveynebulia
vrceli gamokvleviTa da leqsikoniT. (wm. efTvime mTaw-
mideli, winamZRuari, teqsti gamosacemad moamzades
Tornike Wyoniam da nana Cikvatiam, gamokvleva, leqsi-
koni da saZieblebi daurTo nana Cikvatiam, Tbilisi,
2007). gamokvlevaSi mimoxilulia `winamZRuarTan~ da-
kavSirebuli istoriul-filologiuri da saRvTismet-
yvelo-polemikuri sakiTxebi. gansakuTrebiT sayuradRe-
bo aRmoCnda `winamZRuaris~ kompoziciis kvlevis Sede-
gebi, radgan SedgenilobaSi, Targmnis sxva komponen-
tebTan erTad, gamovlinda efTvime mTawmidelis kul-
turul-saganmanaTleblo koncefcia, romelic miznad
isaxavda qarTveli eris ziarebas saSualo saukuneTa
qristianuli humanizmis ideebTan. `winamZRuari~ Tavisi
SedgenilobiT saukeTesod esadageba mkiTxvelis qris-
tianuli RvTismetyvelebiT ganaTlebis miznebs. Sedge-
niloba, masalis SerCeva, kompilaciis xasiaTi imdenad
individualur xasiaTs atarebs, rom `winamZRuari~ Ta-
mamad SeiZleba CaiTvalos naxevrad originalur nawar-
moebad, romelic specialuri mizandasaxulebT Seuq-
mnia efTvime mTawmidels, rogorc qarTuli eklesiis
aRmsareblobisa da msoflxedvelobis warmmarTveli
saxelmZRvanelo.
`winamZRuaris~ siRrmiseuli kvleva avlens, rom
Txzuleba orientirebulia `gareSeTa~ sibrZneze, rad-

127
gan `winamZRuaris~ umTavresi problemebi, saRvTismet-
yvelo dogmebi da sxva polemikuri sakiTxebi dafuZne-
bulia `gareSeTa~ sibrZnidan aRebul logikur-filo-
sofiur cnebebze. esenia buneba, arseba, piri, guami, moq-
medeba, neba da sxva.
amave dros, `winamZRuaris~ efTvimeseul Targman-
Si dasturdeba iseTi monacemebic, romelnic aSkarad
avlenen efTvimes sakmaod frTxil damokidebulebas
`gareSeTa~ sibrZnis mimarT.
`gareSeTa~ sibrZnis mimarT efTvimes damokidebu-
lebis xasiaTi, upirveles yovlisa, vlindeba `winam-
ZRuaris~ struqturaSi. Tavisi mTavari wyaros, ioane
damaskelis `wyaroÁ codnisaÁsagan~ gansxvavebiT, ef-
Tvime aTonelis `winamZRuarSi~ Targmnilia damaskelis
trilogiis mxolod meore nawili _ `gardamocema~, ro-
melic Teoriul, saRvTismetyvelo sakiTxebs moicavs
da mesame nawili, mwvalebelTa kritika. efTvimes ar
UuTargmnia trilogiis pirveli nawili _ `filosofiu-
ri Tavebi~ anu `dialeqtika~. es faqti cxadad metyve-
lebs imaze, rom efTvime mTawmideli `gareSeTa~ sib-
rZnis Tundac eklesiis interesebisa da miznebisTvis
gamoyenebas, RvTismetyvelebis saswavlo-samoZRvro
saxelmZRvanelosaTvis savaldebulod ar miiCnevs.
`winamZRuaris~ sxva adgilebSi efTvimes mier ar
aris Targmnili is kosmografiul-astronomiuli mec-
nieruli codnis warmomCeni adgilebi, romelTac far-
Tod mimoixilavs ioane damaskeli.
efTvime mTawmidlis `gareSeTa~ sibrZnis mimarT
damokidebulebis erT-erTi gamovlineba isicaa, rom,
igi berZnuli originalisgan gansxvavebiT, ufro xSi-
rad da farTod mimarTavs bibliur Temebsa da saxeebs
da amis sawinaaRmdegod, xSirad saerTod ar Targmnis
miTologiur-warmarTuli saxeebisa da Temebis Semcvel
pasaJebs.

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 `gareSeTa~ sibrZnis, antikur-miTologiuri Tema-
tikis mimarT efTvime mTawmidelis poziciis xasiaTi
imaSic vlindeba, rom efTvime mTawmidelis mier filo-
sofiur-saRvTismetyvelo terminTa qmnadoba ar aris
sistematizirebuli da Camoyalibebuli ise, rogorc es
SeimCneva Semdgom etapze, efrem mcirisa da arsen iyal-
Toelis SromebSi.
`winamZRuaris~ mTavari Temis, triadologiuri da
qristologiuri problemebis, ganxilva da TvalsaCino-
eba mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva saxis ere-
sebis istoriis gadmocemasTan. eresebTan polemikas
daTmobili aqvs `winamZRuaris~ bolo sami Tavi. moce-
mulia maTTan polemikis meTodologia. ZiriTadi meTo-
dologiuri safuZvelia qristianul-religiur dogma-
tikaSi mtkicebis argumentad antikur-elinisturi fi-
losofiuri cnebebis, logikur-filosofiuri termine-
bis gamoyeneba. efTvimes mier gacxadebulia, rom pole-
mikisas Tavidanve unda gairkves, vis rogor esmis `raÁ
ars bunebaÁ da raÁ ars guami, da raÁ ars arsebaÁ da
raÁ ars piri?~.
orTodoqsul eklesiasa da monofizitobis sxva-
dasva fraqcias (evtixi konstantinopoleli, timoTe
eluri, ivliane gandgomili, severos aleqsandrieli,
iakob baradei, petros mkawrvali) Soris diskusia
qristologiur sakiTxebs exeboda, romelTa Soris Zi-
riTadi iyo erTarseba samebis doqtrinasTan dakavSire-
buli bunebisa da gvamis raobis sakiTxi, inkarnaciis
sakiTxi da sxva. qristianuli filosofiis udidesi
warmomadgenlebis _ ioane oqropiris, basili didis,
grigol nazianzelisa (RvTismetyvelis) da grigol no-
selis cnobebiT, mwvaleblebi moxerxebulad mimarTav-
dnen platonisa da aristoteles debulebebs qristia-
nuli dogmebis uarsayofad. amis sapasuxod orTodoq-
suli qristianobis damcvelebmac saWirod dainaxes an-

129
tikur filosofosTa Sromebis gamoyeneba sakuTari
miznebisaTvis.
qristiani moazrovnis aseTi poziciis gamomxatve-
lia efTvime mTawmidelis ,,winaTZRuari”. efTvimes Se-
xedulebiT, monofizit mwvaleblebs bunebisa da gvamis
maTeuli mcdari gageba ,,sawarmarToTa maT wignTagan
aritotelesTa uswavies” (T.…XXII). efTvime mkacrad
gmobs maT Sexedulebebs, qristian moRvaweTa gamonaT-
qvamebiT abaTilebs da ayalibebs Teoriul sakiTxTa
marTlmadideblur pozicias. cxadia, antimonofizitu-
ri Txzulebis Seqmna efTvime mTawmidels ukarnaxa im-
droindeli qarTveli sazogadoebis saazrovno cxovre-
baSi mimdinare Zvrebma, kerZod, qarTul diofizitur
eklesiasa da masTan politikurad da geografiulad
momijnave somxur monfizitur eklesias Soris mimdina-
re polemikam.
,,winamZRuari” _ uaRresad mniSvnelovania ara mxo-
lod Tavisi SinaarsiT, msoflmxedvelobiT. igi sayu-
radreboa stilisa da kompoziciis TvasazrisiT. mniS-
vnelovania ,,winamZRuarSi” warmodgenili terminolo-
gia. filosofiuri da Teologiuri cnebebis gadmosace-
mad efTvime mTawmidlis mier SerCeuli terminebi Tavi-
anTi mniSvnelobiT, warmoebiT, gamoyenebis mravalsaxe-
obiT saintereso suraTs iZleva qarTuli filosofiu-
ri da mecnieruli terminologiis Camoyalibebisa da
ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT.
efTvime mTawmidlis, rogorc Semoqmedisa da
mTargmnelis, pozicia ,,gareSeTa” an warmarTi filoso-
fosebis naazrevis mimarT TvalnaTliv gamiokveTa gri-
gol nazianzelis homiliebis miseul TargmanebSi2.185.
grigol nazianzelis, IV s-is am udidesi moazrov-
nis, homiliebSi mkveTrad aris gamovlenili adrebizan-
tiuri msoflmxedveloba samyarosa da adamianis, arsi-
sa da ararsis, RmerTisa da adamianis mimarTebis Sesa-
xeb. cnobilia, rom igi iziarebda platoniseuli ka-

130
Tarzisis azrs, msjelobda logikis urTules sakiT-
xebze. mis homiliebSi gatarebulia azri nivTieri, anu
xorcieli Rrublis gavliT RmerTis usrules naTel-
Tan ziarebisa; igi aviTarebda piTagoras saocar moZ-
Rvrebas dumilis Sesaxeb da sxva.
qristianul religiasTan morigebuli misi Sexe-
dulebani efTvime mTawmidlis mier ostaturad aris
ametyvelebuli qarTul enaze. magram ama Tu im debu-
lebis ganxilvisas qarTveli moRvawe individualerad
udgeba sakiTxs, igi brmad ar imeorebs originalis az-
rebs, mTargmneli Tavis pozicias avlens. cnobili Se-
xeduleba, rom efTvime mTawmidels ,,Ãel-ewifeboda Se-
matebaÁca da klebaÁca”, homiliebis Targmanebzec
vrceldeba: mTargmneli berZeni avtorisagan gansxvave-
bul msoflmxedvelobriv pozicias avlens. mxedvelo-
baSi gvaqvs Semdegi: grigol nazianzeli mTeli rigi
qristianuli dogmebis WeSmaritebis dasabuTebis miz-
niT, dauzareblad iSveliebs antikur da bizantiel
filosofosTa naazrevs, gansakuTrebiT ki antikuri mi-
Tologiis motivebs. igi maT mimarT kritikulad aris
ganwyobili.
efTvime mTawmideli Tavis berZnul dedanTan Se-
darebiT gacilebiT kritikulad aris ganwyobili war-
marT moazrovneTa mimarT. miTologiuri pasaJebis Sem-
cvel adgilebs igi an sul ar Targmnis, an ufro mwva-
ved da polemikurad msjelobs maT Sesaxeb.
rogorc cnobilia, grigol nazianzelis homoli-
ebSi mkacrad aris gakritikebuli sxvadasxva eresi. ef-
Tvime mTawmideli ufro daundobelia maT mimarT, vid-
re nazianzeli. igi ar erideba berZnuli originalisa-
gan gadaxvevas, ar iSurebs dasagmob epiTetebs im miz-
niT, rom rac SeiZleba muqad warmoaCinos mwvalebelTa
moZRvrebis arsi.
qarTveli mTargmnelis aseTi ganwyobileba mwva-
lebelTa azrebisadmi srul Sesatyvisobas poulobs

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missave damokidebulebasTan bibliuri saxeebisadmi,
aseve eklesiis didi mamebis Sexedulebebisadmi. Aaqac
efTvime ufro sityva uxvia, vidre grigol nazianzeli,
oRond am SemTxvevaSi igi qebisa da xotbis epiTetebs
mimarTavs, avrcobs da ganmartavs bibliur pasaJebs.
efTvime mTawmidlis TargmanebSi saTanadod ar
aisaxa mwerlobisa da zogadad kulturisTvis niSan-
doblivi momenti, romelic mdgomareobda filosofiis
moZRvrebisa da saswavlo disciplinis, Suasaukuneob-
riv gagebaSi. cnobilia grigol nazianzelis sayurad-
Rebo gamonaTqvamebi filosofiaze zogadad, kerZod,
Suasaukuneobriv saswavlo disciplinebze. aRniSnul
epoqaSi maRali zneobrivi da inteleqtualuri pirov-
nebis aRzrda, ganaTleba, sasuliero codnis parale-
lurad, aucileblad gulisxmobda saero filosofiur
swavlebasac. qarTul sinamdvileSi es disciplinebi _
,,garemoÁTi swavlulebaÁ” saTanadod aisaxa efrem mci-
ris Targmanebsa da originalur nawerebSi.
efTvime mTawmidlis naazrevSi ki naklebad aris
aqcentirebuli sasuliero-religiuri azrovnebisagan
gansxvavebuli es Sexedulebani. mis nawerebSi jer ki-
dev ar dgas filosofiis aTvisebisa da wvdomis auci-
leblobis sakiTxi, rac Semdgom intensiurad wamoWra
efrem mcirem. grigol nazianzelis homiliebi gamom-
xatvelobiTi formebiTac aSkarad adrebizantiuri az-
rovnebis produqtia. sayovelTaod cnobilia meore so-
fistikis gavlena grigolis enasa da stilze. misi
proza ritmulia, SekumSuli, axasiaTebs ritorikuli
stili.
efTvime mTawmideli Tavisufal Targmans iZleva,
ar icavs nazianzelis prozis stilur Taviseburebebs,
arc mis terminologias axasiaTebs stabiluri xasiaTi.
kosmologiu-fsiqologiuri, eTikuri da sxva ter-
minebi unificirebuli ar aris. efTvime mTawmideli
xSirad terminebis nacvlad terminis Sinaarsis leqsi-

132
kur erTeulebs mimarTavs, erTi da imave cnebis gadmo-
sacemad sxva terminebs iyenebs da piriqiT erTi termi-
niT gadmoscems sxvadasxva cnebas.
zemonaTqvamidan is rodi gamomdinareobs, TiTqos
efTvime ganurCevlad ekidebodes qarTul filosofiur
terminTa SerCevisa da damkvidrebis sakiTxs. qarTuli
da berZnuli enebis brwyinvale codna mas srul SesaZ-
leblobas aZlevda moeca zusti, amave dros, uzado,
amaRlebuli qarTuli eniT Sesrulebuli Targmanebi.
efTvimeseul terminTagan bevri damkvidrda qarTul
filosofiur enaSi; bevri ki momdevno epoqebSi sxva
terminma Secvala. mag: aqcidentis mniSvnelobiT efTvi-
me mTawmidlis ,,winamZRuarSi” naxmaria termini ,,mowev-
nuli”, am mniSvnelobiT SemdgomSi damkvidrda termini
,,SemTxveviTi”.
grigol nazianzelis homiliaTa efTvimeseuli
Targmanebi naTlad avlens qarTveli moRvawis tenden-
cias _ gareSeTa, e.i. saero filosofiuri naazrevisad-
mi kritikuli damokidebulebiT warmoaCinos qristia-
nul-religiuri idea-SexedulebaTa WeSmariteba.
grigol nazianzelis homiliebis efTvime mTawmi-
delis Targmanebis safuZvlianma kvlevam mTeli rigi
axali aspeqtebi gamoavlina efTvime mTawmidelis mTar-
gmnelobiT-SemoqmedebiTi da samoZRvro-saganmanaTleb-
lo moRvaweobidan. mravalmxrivi masalis kompleqsurma
Seswavlam SesaZlebeli gaxada aToneli moRvaweebis
saqmianobis im ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebis gamovlena,
romliTac Seikra birTvi axal saazrovno sinamdvile-
ze gadasvlisaTvis. (q. bezaraSvili, ritorikisa da
Targmanis Teoria da praqtika, grigol RvTismetyvelis
TxzulebaTa qarTuli Targmanebis mixedviT. Tbilisi,
2004).
im mosamzadebel safexurTa Soris, romelTac mo-
amzades axal, elinofilur literaturul mimdinareo-
baze gadasvla, sagangebo yuradRebas iqcevs efTvime

133
mTawmidelis pozicia `gareSeTa~ sibrZnis mimarT. im
fonze, roca efTvime Tavisi Targmanebis umetesobaSi
uaryofiT pozicias gamoxatavs `gareSeTa~ sibrZnis mi-
marT, aris SemTxvevebi, roca garkveuli konteqstis Se-
sabamisad vlindeba misi pozitiuri damokidebuleba am
sibrZnis mimarT. efTvimes met-naklebad pozitiuri da-
mokidebuleba saero ganaTlebisadmi (rac mecnierebis
sxvadasxva dargis codnas iTvaliswinebda) exmaureba
mis droindel bizantiaSi mimdinare kulturul-sagan-
manaTleblo cxovrebas. bizantiuri ganaTlebisaken
aRebuli kursiT efTvime mTawmidelma safuZveli moum-
zada elinofilur kulturul orientacias qarTul
saazrovno sinamdvileSi.
sagulisxmoa efTvime mTawmidlis moRvaweoba eg-
zegetikuri mwerlobis dargSi. Targmanebis, anu ganmar-
tebebis obieqti ZiriTadad bibliis wignebi iyo. Bbib-
liur teqstTa Targmaneba im epoqis saazrovno situa-
cias, gabatonebuli ideologiis suliskveTebas asaxav-
da, romelsac egzegeti ekuTvnoda.
efTvime mTawmidels uTargmnia gamoCenili bizan-
tieli avtorebis (ioane oqropiris, basili didis, gri-
gol nazianzelis, grigol noselis, maqsime aRmsareb-
lis) egzegetikuri xasiaTis nawarmoebebi3.186.
aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia efTvime mTawmidlis
Targmanebi asketikur-mistikur dargSi. asketikasa da
mistikas filosofiuri azris istoriaSi mniSvnelovani
adgili ukavia, rogorc garkveul msoflmxedvelobas
makro da mikro samyaroSi adamianis rolisa da daniS-
nulebis Sesaxeb.
efTvime mTawmideli araerT nawarmoebSi exeba zo-
gadad adamianis da kerZod, sulieri moRvawis cxovre-
bisa da qcevis eTikur normebs, zneobriv kanonebs, ro-
gorc aucilebel pirobas zneobrivi srulyofilebis
gzaze. ioane oqropiris, grigol nazianzelis, maqsime
aRmsareblis ,,swavlani sulierni”, grigol romaelis

134
,,dialoRoni”, ioane sinelis ,,klemaqsi”, makari megvip-
telis ,,swavlani”, agreTve sxvadasxva avtoris Txzu-
lebani _ saocrad didia moculobiTa da masStabebiT
is samuSao, rac am nawarmoebTa TargmniT Cautarebia
efTvime mTawmidels. Targmanic aris da Targmnac! ef-
Tvime SemoqmedebiT ekideboda Targmnis saqmes. teqstSi
Sehqonda sakuTari, originaluri interpretaciebi. Ta-
visi drois qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis Sesa-
bamisad ,,siCCoebasa Cuensa naTesavisasa sZiTa srdida
mxaliTa”, e.i. ganmartavda, aqarTulebda bizantiel av-
torTa Txzulebebs.
bizantiuri kulturis istoriaSi qarTuli lite-
raturuli wvlilis mniSvnelovan xasiaTze miuTiTebs
efTvime mTawmidlis mier berZnul enaze Seqmnili Sesa-
niSnavi Zegli ,,varlam da ioasafis sulimargebeli is-
toria”, romelic qarTulad ,,balavarianis” saxeliT
aris cnobili.
qristianul-dogmaturi, moralur-asketikuri xasi-
aTis romani ,,balavariani” budas cxovrebis araqristi-
anuli Tqmulebis qristianul gadakeTebas warmoadgens.
berZnuli ,,balavarianis” genezisis problema, misi aR-
mosavluri kulturidan warmomavlobis sakiTxi, qarTu-
li saazrovno-samwerlobo gzis gavliT dasavleTis
kulturaSi transformacia, redaqciaTa, versiaTa da
xelnawerTa simravle _ es da mravli sxva, didi xania
mecnierTa cxoveli kvleva-Ziebisa da azrTa sxvadas-
xvaobis obieqts warmoadgens. mecnierTa erTi nawili
berZnuli ,,varlam da ioasafis” avtorad VIII s-is cno-
bil Teologoss ioane damaskels miiCnevs, meore nawi-
li ki avtorad efTvime mTawmidels asaxelebs4.187.
sxvadasxva naratiul wyaroze dayrdnobiT (uZve-
les berZnul, qarTul da laTinur xelnawerTa lemebi,
efTvimes mamis _ ioane aTonelis, cnobili anderZi da
giorgi mTawmidlis ,,ioanesa da efTvimes cxovreba”),
romanis redaqciebis, Targmanebis teqstologiur-sti-

135
listuri Seswavlis safuZvelze, qarTveli mecnierebi
da zogierTi ucxoeli mkvlevari im daskvnamde mivid-
nen, rom ,,varlam da ioasafis” berZnuli Txzuleba ef-
Tvime mTawmidlis mier ,,balavarianis” qarTuli redaq-
ciis Targnisa da gadakeTebis gziT Seqmnili Zeglia.
efTvime mTawmidlis Rrma ganswavluloba bizan-
tiur patristikaSi, Teologiasa da zogadad sasulie-
ro mwerlobaSi mis mier berZnuli enis brwyinvale
codna, misi mwerluri da sazogadoebrivi avtoriteti
iZleva safuZvels, rom berZnuli ,,balavarianis” avto-
robis pativi mas miegos.
cnobili faqtia, rom efTvime, qarTulis garda,
berZnul enazec werda. mas berZnulad SeuTxzavs erTi
asketuri Sinaarsis Txzuleba moralur-zneobriv Tema-
ze5.188.
,,balavariani” naTlad metyvelebs efTvime mTaw-
midlis did literaturul niWze, mis daxvewil gemov-
nebaze, Rrma inteleqtsa da ganswavlulobaze.
efTvime mTawmideli qarTuli kulturisa da li-
teraturis uTvalsaCinoesi moRvawea. Mmis mier Tar-
gmnili 160-se meti nawarmoebi (romelTa Soris mravali
sqeltaniani wignia), mis mier gamomuSavebuli Targmnis
meTodi (romelic SemoqmedebiT process utoldeboda),
misi originaluri Sromebi, da bolos, misi sazogado-
ebrivi moRvaweoba dadasturebaa im didi saganmanaT-
leblo misiisa, romliTac aRbeWdili iyo misi cxovre-
ba da moRvaweoba da romlis mizans qarTuli erovnu-
li kulturis saerTaSoriso sarbielze amaRleba da
srulyofa Seadgenda.
giorgi mTawmideli (1009-1065). giorgi mTawmidels
qarTuli kulturis istoriaSi iseTive sapatio adgili
uWiravs, rogorc efTvime mTawmidels. aTonis salite-
raturo skolis ayvaveba da moRvaweobis farTo mas-
Stabebi didad aris damokidebuli Ggiorgi mTawmidel-
ze. misi biografis cnobiT, ,,mosagonebladaca did ars,

136
viTarca eseodenni wignn erTman kacman mzani Tagmnili
cxovrebasa Sina Tussa aRwerna, ara raTamca berZnuli-
sagan sruliad Targmna”6.189giorgi mTawmidels mTar-
gmnelobiT saqmianobis SemoqmedebiT xasiTi hqonda. igi
Tavisuflad ekideboda teqsts: avrcobda an amoklebda,
scvlida dednis teqsts. rogorc Tavad SeniSnavs: ,,Cuen
romeli jer iyo, CagÂrTavs da romeli jer iyo,
dagÂklia, viTa Cuensa enasa mohvidoda da wesi saqmisa
eZiebda”7.190.
giorgi mTawmidlis mier datovebul did litera-
turul memkvidreobaSi filosofiuri azris istorii-
saTvis sayuradReboa IV s-is bizantieli avtorebis, ba-
sili didisa da grigol noselis, heqsemeronuli ko-
mentarebis Targmanebi.
rogorc cnobilia, basili didma da grigol no-
selma, grigol nazianzelTan erTad, antikuri kultu-
ris Zlieri gavlena ganicades. Aazrovnebis mxriv, maT
tradiciul qristianobaSi neoplatonizmi daamkvidres,
xolo enisa da metyvelebis mxriv, bibliur enaSi Sei-
tanes meore sofistikis elementebi da safuZveli dau-
des bizantiur mxatvrul prozas.
basili didisa da grigol noselis heqsemeronu-
li (eqvsi dRis mixedviT Seqmnis) xasiaTis Txzulebebi
didi popularobiT sargeblobda Sua saukuneebSi. basi-
li didis ,,equsTa dReTaÁ” bibliuri kosmologiisa da
kreaciis sakiTxebs exeba. masSi qristianuli filoso-
fiis TvalTaxedviT komentirebulia bibliuri Sesaqmis
dReebi, gonieri da grZnobadi samyaros gaCena meeqvse
dRis gamoklebiT, roca gaCnda adamiani.
basilis ,,equsTa dReTaÁsa” gagrZelebas warmoad-
gens grigol noselis mier komentirebuli ,,kacisa Se-
saqme”.
Sesaqmisa da drois urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxs
exeba grigol noselis kidev erTi Txzuleba, romlis

137
saTauria ,,pasuxi equsTa maT dReTaTvis”. igi Sesaqmis
dasawyisi muxlebis ganmartebas warmoadgens.
CamoTvlili heqsemeronuli Txzulebebi, qmnis ra
mTlian cikls, warmoadgens qristianuli kosmologiu-
ri moZRvrebis qvakuTxeds. gansazRvruli RmerTis, ro-
gorc yvelafris mizezis, nebisa da saqmis gamovline-
bis pirvel etaps uxilavTa, anu gonierTa samyaro Se-
adgens. Aam ganzogadebuli ideebis gamovlinebas ki xi-
luli samyaro. Kkosmologiuri xasiaTis aRniSnul
ciklSi gaerTianebuli moZRvreba RmerTsa da samyaro-
ze, oTx elementze, realur-ciklursa da Sinagan, anu
maradiul droze. sulisa da sxeulis mimarTebaze,
transcendenturisaken dausrulebel swrafvaze, nivTi-
er da aranivTier movlenaze da a.S.
basili didis ,,equsTa dReTaÁ” da grigol nose-
lis ,,kacisa Sesaqme” giorgi mTawmidlis mier aris
Targmnili8.191gairkva, rom ,,pasuxi equsTa maT dRe-
TaTÂs” aseve Ggiorgi mTawmidels uTargmnia9.192qarTul
mwerlobaSi arsebobs ,,equsTa dReTaÁs” da ,,kacisa Se-
saqmisas” adrindeli, VIII s-is Targmanebi, romlebic
mecnierTa varaudiT, arabuli enidan unda iyos Sesru-
lebuli10.193arsebobs mosazreba, rom Zvel TargmanebSi,
marTalia, SeimCneva filosofiuri azris bundovaneba,
stilisturi saxis dauxvewaoba, magram maTi leqsikuri
maragi saocrad mdidaria, niSandoblivia filosofiur
terminTa sizuste, mTargmnelis swrafva filosofiuri-
saken. Zveli qarTuli Targmanebi aSkarad ,,filosofiu-
ria”. amdenad, gadasinjvas saWiroebs k. kekeliZis
Tvalsazrisi imis Sesaxeb, rom winaaTonur periodis-
Tvis ucxo darCa filosofiuri mwerloba, rom Zveli
qarTuli literaturis istoriis ,,pirvel periodSi
Cven ver vpoulobT aseTi mwerlobis namdvil
kvals” .11 194

giorgi mTawmidlis Targmanebi aTonuri skolis

tradiciebiT aris Sesrulebuli. Ddedniseuli azris

138
gamarTuli eniT gadmocema, filosofiur-Teologiuri
konceptebis gasagebad mTeli rigi adgilebis ganmarte-
bani teqstis gavrcoba-Semoklebis an met-naklebi gada-
keTebis saWiroebas qmnida.
giorgi mTawmidlis Targmanebze dakvirveba saSua-
lebas iZleva warmodgena viqonioT mTargmnelis az-
rovnebaze, mis msoflmxedvelobriv idealze. aSkarad
igrZnoba Teologiur elementebze yuradRebis gamaxvi-
leba, filosofiuri Sinaarsis nivelireba, filosofi-
uri saxis imave azris Semcveli, martivi bunebrivi sa-
xiT Secvla. filosofiuri metyvelebis nacvlad coc-
xali mimzidveli metyveeleba mTawmindel moRvaweTa
Semoqmedebis saerTo niSanTvisebaa.
cnobilia kapadokiel moRvaweTa SemoqmedebaSi hi-
meriosis, libaniosisa da Temistiosis (IV s.) Teoriu-
li azrovnebis sofisturi stilis Zlieri gavlena, ro-
melmac qristianul ritorikuli prozis damkvidrebas
Seuwyo xeli. basili didis, grigol nazianzelis da
grigol noselis ritorikuli prozis Taviseburebani
tropTa mravalgvarobaSi, sintaqsur erTeulTa simet-
riulobasa da ritmulobaSi, Txrobis simbolur-saxe-
obriv metyvelebaSi vlindeba.
giorgi mTawmidlis qarTul TargmanebSi daculia
bizantiuri ritmuli prozis aRniSnuli Tavisebureba-
ni.
giorgi mTawmidlis Targmanebma garkveuli roli
iTamaSa momdevno periodis qarTul qristianul kosmo-
logiur da anTropologiur SexedulebaTa Camoyalibe-
baze.
aRniSnulis sailustraciod SemovifarglebiT
uaxlesi kvleva-Ziebis SedegebiT, romelic exeba gri-
gol noselis ,,pasuxi equsTa maT dReTaÁs” gamoZaxils
qarTul mwerlobaSi12.195.
aRniSnuli Txzulebis kvali citatis saxiT da-
mowmebulia giorgi mciris TxzulebaSi ,,cxovreba gi-

139
orgi mTawmidlisa”. ori adgili noselis Sromidan
sityvasityviT gameorebulia giorgi mciris mier.
,,pasuxi equsTa maT dReTaÁ” igulisxmeba arsen
iyalToelis minawerSi, romelic mas daurTavs ioane
damaskelis saxeliT cnobili ,,gamokrebani wamebaTa-
nis” miseul Targmanze. aRniSnuli nawarmoebis me-19
Tavia ,,saRmrToÁsa nebisaTÂs”. aqve avtoris mier dasa-
xelebulia wyaro: ,,noseli sityÂsgebasa Sina equsTa
dResaTa” (S 1463, 161). citirebuli adgili, marTlac,
aRebulia noselis ,,pasuxidan”. am adgilas mTargmnels,
arsen iyalToels, daurTavs ,,Seiwave” aseTi Sinaarsi-
sa:
,,Seiwave, viTarmed mas sakiTxavsa ityÂs noselisa-
sa, mamisa giorgis Targmnilsa, romel artanujisa kre-
baman gankueTa da berman efTvime grZelman, me-darRue-
visa misisa Ãel-yofaÁ, ara uwyiT, Tu romliTa suliTa
ikadra, romelsa aqa wmida ioane damaskeli gancxadebu-
lad grogol noselisad aRiarebs mas yofad da yov-
lisa sayÂrida umaRles Seasmens ugunurebasa gankueTi-
sa misisa mkadrebelTasa”.
arsen iyalToelis cnobiT, ,,pasuxi equsTa maT
dReTaÁ” uTargmnia giorgi mTawmidels, Rrtilas, anu
artanujis krebaze (XI s-is 50-iani wlebi) igi efTvime
grZels ganukveTia, SesaZlebelia basili didis ,,equs-
Ta dReTaSi” gamoTqmuli Sexedulebebisagan mkveTri
gansxvavebis gamo. efTvime grZels grigolis nawarmoe-
bi orTodoqsiisaTvis miuReblad CauTvlia.
arsen iyalToeli Tavis minawerSi gaxazavs efTvi-
me grZelis kvalifikaciis srul usafuZvlobas. giorgi
mTawmidlis mier Targmnili grigol noselis Txzule-
ba mas qristianuli orTodoqsiisaTvis sruliad san-
dod da misaRebad miaCnia.
qarTul Teologiur-filosofiur azrovnebaze
,,pasuxi equsTa maT dReTaÁs” gavlenaze metyvelebs
,,abibos nekreselis wamebaSi” CarTuli polemikuri ad-

140
gili, romelic cecxlTayvanismcemlobis winaaRmdeg
aris mimarTuli. am adgilas samyaros 4 elementzea sa-
ubari13.196gamoTqmulia mosazrebam, rom ,,abibosis wame-
bis” vrcel redaqciaSi areklilia elementTa ,,gaswo-
rebiT” myofobis noseliseuli moZRvreba. es moZRvreba
upirispirdeba basilis Sexedulebas wylis sxva ele-
mentebze meti raodenobiT Seqmnis Sesaxeb”14.197.
aRniSnuli nawarmoebis gavlena ,,TamarianSi”-c
Cans. ,,Tamarianis” 102-e strofSi _ ,,sityviT yvna wyal-
ni, zecisa Zalni” _ ,,zecisa Zalni” noseliseuli gage-
biT aris naxmari, rogorc sulieri, spiritualuri ar-
sebebi, romlis simboloa bibliuri ,,wyalni”.
,,vefxistyaosnis” prologis dasawyisi strofebi
rusTavelis kreacionistul Sexedulebebs amJRavnebs.
RmerTis mier samyaros, yoveli tanis saxis Seqmna, ze-
ciT monaberi suli da zegardmo arsni _ mkvlevarTa
mravalgzisi ganjisa da azrTa sxvadasxvaobis obieq-
tia. bolo xanebSi maT kidev erTi Sexeduleba Seemata:
,,vefxistyaosnis” prologis I da II strofSi arekli-
lia grigol noseliseuli moZRvreba samyaros Seqmnis
Sesaxeb. ,,saxis” noseliseuli Teoria rusTavelis uSu-
alo wyaroa.
,,pasuxi equsTa dReTaÁsa” Tavis leqsikografiul
naSromSi gamouyenebia sulxan-saba orbelians.
yovelive zemoTqmulidan cxadia, rom giorgi
mTawmidlis Targmani ,,pasuxi equsTa dReTaÁsa” cxove-
li interesiT sargeblobda qarTvel sazogadoebaSi,
qarTul saazrovno sinamdvileSi. kosmologiisa da an-
Tropologiis sakiTxebiT daintereseba gapirobebuli
iyo imiT, rom jer erTi, es sakiTxebi warmoadgenda
qristianuli filosofiis qvakuTxeds da amdenad, maT
aqtualobas fons uqmnida qristianul-religiuri mi-
zandasaxuloba. meorec, socialur-ekonomikursa da po-
litikur cxovrebaSi mimdinare Zvrebisa da siaxleebis
Sesabamisad, religiisgan damoukideblad, Tavs iCenda

141
daintereseba samyaros, cis, varskvlavebis SewavliT,
samyaroSi adamianis adgilisa da rolis Secnoba, sa-
fuZveli eyreboda mecnierul-empiriul interesebsa da
Zvrebs.
basili didisa da grigol noselis heqsemeronul
TxzulebebSi kosmologiuri da anTropologiuri az-
rebi religiis safarvelSia moqceuli. giorgi mTawmid-
lis TargmanebSi sagrZnoblad gaZlierebulia filo-
sofiur-Teologiuri konceptebis qristianul-marTma-
dideblur religiur aRmsareblobasTan miaxloebis
tendencia.

142
 meeqvse Tavi

kulturuli aRmavloba XI-XII ss-is

saqarTveloSi da misi
msoflmxedvelobrivi safuZvlebi
I
XI-XII ss-is saqarTvelos ekonomikuri, politiku-
ri viTareba da kulturuli aRmavloba Cvens yuradRe-
bas msoflmxedvelobrivi safuZvlebis da filosofias-
Tan kavSiris TvalsazrisiT imsaxurebs. n. mari da iv.
javaxiSvili am aRmavlobis erT-erT mniSvnelovan dama-
dasturebel movlenas filosofiuri azrovnebis maRal
doneSi xedavdnen. iv. javaxiSvili werda: ,,saqarTvelos
Zlierebis xana (igulisxmeba XI-XII ss. _ S.x.) im mxvriv
aris gansakuTrebiT sayuradRebo, rom am dros mowina-
ve qarTvelTa gonebrivma samflobelom azrovnebis um-
wvervaless xarisxs miaRwia da safilosofio mwerlo-
bas daewafa”1.198.
dRes, gansakuTrebiT im didi Rvawlis Semdeg, ro-
melic S. nucubiZem Seitana qarTuli filosofiis is-
toriis kvlevis saqmeSi, naTeli gaxda, rom azrovnebis
CvenSi aRmavlobas ufro Rrma filosofiuri fesvebi
aqvs. magram, cxadia, filosofiur azrovnebam saqarTve-
loSi ganviTarebis umaRles dones am saukuneSi miaR-
wia da Seesabameboda kulturis im dones, romelmac iv.
javaxiSvils safuZveli misca (1914 w.) saqarTveloSi
renesansuli moZraobis dasawyisi daenaxa2,199xolo S.
nucubiZes _ Seeqmna aRmosavleTis renesansis Teoria
(saqarTvelos am TeoriaSi centraluri adgili uWi-
ravs).
CvenTvis naTelia, rom italiuri renesansis cno-
bili mkvlevris iakob burkhardtis mosazreba – rene-
sansis epoqis italiis kulturaSi ,,axali Sexedulebe-

143
bis, ideebis da zraxvebis” mozRvavebaze3200– SeiZleba
gavrceldes XI-XII ss-is qarTul kulturasa da mis ide-
ur Sinaarsze.
vfiqrobT, rom am epoqis filosofiuri azrovne-
bis maRali done gansazRvrulia ara imdenad wina sau-
kuneebidan miRebuli filosofiuri memkvidreobiT, ram-
denadac kulturuli ganviTarebis msoflmxedvelobri-
vi safuZvlebis arsebiTi cvlilebebiT – es cvlilebe-
bi kulturis ,,gaamqveyiurebaSi” mdgomareobda da kul-
turuli Semoqmedebis e.w. saero formebSi gamovlinda.
warmoiqmna saero mxatvruli proza, saistorio Txzu-
lebani, samedicino da fiziologiuri Zeglebi, saero
poezia da xelovneba.
amitom, sanam am epoqis filosofiuri azrovnebis
warmomadgenlebs SevexebodeT, mizanSewonili iqneba
epoqis kulturis msoflmxedvelobrivi safuZvlebis da
filosofiur mimdinareobaTa zogadi ganxilva.
Zveli qarTuli kultura, rogorc vnaxeT, ,,amqvey-
niuri” interesebisgan da miswrafebisgan Tavisufali
arasodes yofila. piriqiT, amgvar miswrafebebs sakma-
od didi adgili ekuTvnoda kulturul SemoqmedebaSi
da mxatvrul mwerlobaSi, rogorc kulturuli Semoq-
medebis erT-erT ZiriTad sferoSi. kulturis ,,gaamqvey-
niurebis” procesi TandaTan Zlierdeboda da gansakuT-
rebuli intensivobiT X s-is ZeglebSi gamovlinda, mag-
ram arasodes yofila, feodalizmis warmoqmnis Semdeg,
gabatonebul mdgomareobaSi. am procesma gansakuTre-
bul dones rusTavelis epoqaSi miaRwia da ,,axali Se-
xedulebani, ideebi da zraxvani” humanizmis saxiT Camo-
yalibda ,,vefxistyaosanSi”.
kulturis gaamqveyniureba niSnavda grZnobad si-
namdvilesTan (,,amqveyniurTan”) daaxloebas da gan-
szRvruli iyo axali msoflmxedvelobrivi ideebiT,
grZnobadi samyaros Rirebulebis pirdapiri, zogjer
gacnobierebuli, sxva SemTxvevaSi stiqiuri, aRiarebiT.

144
epoqis am ZiriTadma ganmsazRvrelma ideam ganapiroba
kulturis da masTan erTad filosofiuri azrovnebis
Taviseburebani. ganapiroba axleburi damokidebuleba
grZnobadi, realuri sinamdvilisadmi, Sesabamisad, ada-
mianuris axleburi gageba; gamarTleba moipova adamia-
nis sulieri cxovrebis im mxareebma, romliTac is
grZnobad sinamdvilesTan imyofeba mimarTebaSi.
gare samyaros axlebur gagebasa da axlebur da-
mokidebulebaSi didi roli Seasrula politikurma
viTrebam, romelic qveynis gaTavisuflebisa da gaerTi-
anebisken iyo mimarTuli4.201am didi, xangrZlivi da
rTuli politikuri amocanis ganxorcieleba eris su-
lieri da fizikuri Zalebis daZabvas, energiul poli-
tikas, materialuri da sulieri Zalebis mobilizacias
da mtkice socialur dasayrdens moiTxovda. SeiZleba
iTqvas, qveynis gaTavisuflebisa da centralizebuli
monarqiisTvis brZola eris umravlesobis ekonomikur
da politikur interesebs Seesabameboda. mefes uxdebo-
da brZola, erTi mxriv, msxvil feodalebTan, gvarov-
nul aristokratiasTan, romelsac privilegiebi mem-
kvidreobiT hqonda miRebuli da qveynis gaerTianebas
energiul winaaRmdegobas uwevda da, meore mxriv, ekle-
siasTan, romelic xSirad feodalebis mokavSired ga-
modioda. rogorc niko berZeniSvili wers, ,,saxelmwi-
fo centralizmisaTvis mebrZoli mefis xelisufleba
Tavis uSualo meTvalyureobis gareSe ver datovebda
iseT Zliersa da mniSvnelovan organizacias, rogoric
eklesia iyo da, romelic didgvarian aznaurTa er-
Tgul mokavSired gadaqceuliyo”5.202.
daviT aRmaSenebelma SeZlo rigi socialuri da
organizaciuli RonisZiebebis saSualebiT orive amoca-
na – qveynis gaTavisuflebac da gaerTianebac – brwyin-
valed gadaewyvita.
damokidebuleba saero da saeklesio xelisufal-
Ta Soris arsebiTad Seicvala da, rogorc igive mecni-

145
eri wers, ,,IX-X s-Si gabatonebuli Sexeduleba saero
xelisuflebisagan eklesiis sruli damoukideblobis
Sesaxeb, exla mxolod sanatreli mogonebis sagani iyo
saeklesio moRvaweTaTvis”6.203bunebrivia, rom eklesiis
politikuri rolis Sesustebas misi sulieri diqtatu-
ris Sesusteba unda mohyoloda, rasac mcire mniSvne-
loba ar unda hqonoda qarTuli kulturis Semdgomi
ganviTarebisa da ideuri cxovrebisTvis.
qveynis ideur cxovrebaSi momxdari cvlilebebis
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani gamovlena qveynis ,,JamTa gar-
dasrulTa” mimarT interesis gaZliereba da saistorio
mwerlobis warmoqmnaa. amocanebi, romlebic qarTveli
istorikosebis winaSe dgeba, maT yuradRebas qarTveli
eris realuri istoriis, misi swori asaxvisa da swori
gagebisken mimarTavs. vaxuSti bagrationis Sexeduleba
_ ,,JamTa aRmwerloba WeSmaritebis metyveleba ars”7204–
gamoxatavs Zveli istorikosebis azrsac.
qarTul saistorio TxzulebebSi wamoWrili kiT-
xvebi metyvelebs sazogadoebrivi interesis gafarToe-
baze da qarTuli socialuri, politikuri da kultu-
ruli cxovrebis sxvadasxva mxareebs exeba. aRmocenda
Teoria qarTvel da kavkasiis tomTa warmoSobasa da
naTesaobaze, maT saerTo winaparze (maSindeli warmod-
geiT es winapari bibliuri iafeti iyo), qarTuli enis
warmomavlobaze, Zveli qarTuli religiuri rwenis sa-
kiTxebze (ukve XI s-Si iqmneba Sexeduleba, rom qarTve-
li tomebi Zvelad Tayvans scemdnen ciur mnaTobebs).
Camoyalibda iseTi Sexedulebanic, romlebic exe-
ba da garkveul pasuxs iZleva qarTuli sazogadoebis
mdgomareobasa da socialuri diferenciaciis warmoSo-
bis mizezebze.
samefo xelisufleba, rogorc politikuri viTa-
rebis mTavari warmmarTveli Zala da misi warmatebani
interess aRviZebs bagrationis dinastiis warmomavlo-
bisadmi. centralizebuli xelisuflebis TandaTani da

146
Tanmimdevruli ganmtkicebis warmatebiTaa nakarnaxevi
amdroindeli istorikosebis aRfrTovanebuli Tayvanis-
cema mefeebisa da daufaravi siZulvili ucxoeli da
Sinauri mtrebisa. mTeli es epoqa ,,warmoadgens qarTu-
li erovnuli saxelmwifoebriobisa da samxedro dide-
bis umaRles sasicocxlo ganviTarebas” da gasagebia,
rom qarTveli istorikosebi, iseve, rogorc qarTveli
mexotbeebi, gadmogvcemen maT Tanamedrove ,,mowinave
qarTuli sazogadoebis ganwyobilebas”8.205
iqmneba istoriul moRvaweTa Sefasebis axali kri-
teriumi da SemTxveviTi araa, rom saistorio Txzule-
baTa avtorebis gonebrivi interesebis areSi gansakuT-
rebul adgils antikuri kulturidan aRebuli istori-
uli saxeebi da maTi Sesatyvisi ganwyobilebani iWers.
istorikosTa STagonebis wyaros warmoadgenen homero-
si da aristobule, iosebi; maT mier Seqebuli troele-
bi da aqevelebi, agamemnoni, priami, aqilevsi, heqtori,
odisevsi da oresti; aleqsandre makedoneli, misi vaJ-
kacoba da gamarjvebani; vespasiane da titusi.
Cvenamde moRweuli ori Zeglidan, romlebic same-
dicino mecnierebis sferos ganekuTvneba, erTi TariR-
deba X-XI ss-iT, meore (,,wigni saaqimo”) – 1208-1210
9 206
wliT . pirveli Sedgenilia upiratesad arabuli wya-
roebis mixedviT, magram Seicavs, agreTve, uSualod
berZnuli samedicino Txzulebebidan aRebul cnobebs.
TxzulebaSi asaxulia, agreTve, avtoris sakuTari, pi-
radi samkurnalo praqtikidan miRebuli dakvirvebebi
da gamocdileba.
,,wigni saaqimo” warmoadgens ibn-ruSdis (averoe-
sis, 1126-1198 ww.) Txzulebis Tavisufal Targmans, Seq-
mnils ibn-sinas (avicenas, 980-1037 ww.) ,,kanonis” Zlieri
gavleniT. am ori Zeglis Sedareba naTelsa xdis ramde-
nad ganviTarda samedicino codna amdroindel saqar-
TveloSi. Tu ,,usworo karabadinis” avtoris Sexedule-
bani jer kidev mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli religiur da

147
magiur warmodgenebTan, mkurnalobis meTodebi aq xSi-
rad fantastikis sferos ekuTvnis da crumorwmuneobis
xasiaTs atarebs10,207,,wigni saaqimo”, iv. beritaSvilis
sityviT, savsebiT mecnieruli nawarmoebia, Tavisufali
fantastikuri da magiuri Sexedulebebisgan11.208amave
dros, warmoadgens Sua saukuneebis saerTo medicinis
unikalur Zegls da samedicino codnaTa mTel siste-
mas.
filosofiur nawilSi wigni emyareba aristote-
les moZRvrebas adamianis bunebaze. avtoris anatomiu-
ri da fiziologuri codna momdinereobs hipokrates
(460-377) da ufro metad galenis Sexedulebebisgan, Sei-
cavs aristoteles, avicenas da averoesis mowinave ide-
ebs. ZeglSi aRniSnulia ganuyreli kavSiri medicinasa
da filosofias Soris12.209adamianis bunebaze da arseba-
ze moZRvrebis safuZvels am TxzulebaSi oTxi elemen-
tis, ,,oTxi bunebis” Teoria Seadgens, romelsac aq ar-
sebiTad gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba aqvs qarTuli fi-
losofiis adrindel periodTan SedarebiT. am elemen-
tebs Soris wonasworobis darRveva aris adamianis daa-
vadebis saboloo mizezi. moZRvreba organoTa fizio-
logiur funqciebze udevs safuZvlad daavadebis gan-
sazRvras da, Sesabamisad, mkurnalobas.
XI-XII ss-is ekuTvnis Cvenamde moRweuli ferweris
(miniaturuli da monumenturi) pirveli da saero arqi-
teqturis uZvelesi Zeglebi, maT Soris monastrebTan
arsebuli saswavleblebi (gelaTSi, petriwonSi, iyal-
ToSi da sxv.).
qarTuli saero miniatura dakavSirebulia saero
mwerlobis warmoqmnasTan da masTan erTad miaRwia
warmatebas. 1188 wliT daTariRebuli qarTuli astro-
nomiul-astrologiuri traqtati (xeln. # 65) yvelaze
ufro Zvelia ,,analogiuri tipis cnobil arabul da
iranul ZeglTa Soris” da ,,gamoirCeva virtuozuli
teqnikiT”13.210saero miniatura, cocxali sinamdvilidan

148
aRebuli siuJetebiT, sakmaod gavrcelebulia saekle-
sio ZeglebSic, sadac sinamdvilisadmi axleburi damo-
kidebuleba vlindeba da saxviTi xelovnebis es dargi
konkretuli, realuri SinaarsiT ivseba.
farTo gavrcelebas aRwevs saero monumenturi
ferwera, sadac mxatvruli asaxvis sagans da Sinaarss
warmoadgenen ara abstraqtuli siuJetebi, aramed rea-
luri istoriuli pirebi, umTavresad mefeebi da mTav-
rebi. specialistebis sityviT, bagrat III–isa (bediaSi),
bagrat IV–isa (atenSi), Ggiorgi III-isa da Tamarisa (var-
Ziasa da yinwvisSi), Ggiorgi III-is Tamarisa da giorgi
laSasi (berTubanSi, beTaniaSi) da sxv. freskuli gamo-
saxulebani araa mTlad Tavisufali Sua saukuneebis-
Tvis tradiciuli trafaretisgan, magram mxatvris wi-
naSe mdgari amocana – mefeebis garegani ieris da Sina-
gani Tvisebebis SesaZleblobebis farglebSi zusti
gadmocemisa, pirovnebebis portretuli msgavsebisa –
mxatvris yuradRebas realuri sinamdvilis swori asax-
visaken warmarTavda.
portreti, rogorc es Tamar mefis naxatzea naT-
qvami, Sesrulebulia ,,Sua saukuneebis dekoratiuli
xelovnebis farglebSi”14,211magram aq mainc garkveviT
Cans realisturi midgoma, gansazRvruli imiT, rom aq
mxatvruli ,,cocxal magaliTs misdevs” da mis Semoqme-
debaSi ,,ufro metad SeigrZnoba cocxali sinamdvi-
le”15.212.
mecnierebaSi aRniSnulia isic, rom ,,Sua saukunis
qarTul qandakebaSi interesis gaRviZeba adamianisadmi,
misi plastikuri saSualebebiT gansaxierebisadmi Seim-
Cneva X-XI ss-is zRurblze”16.213.
qarTul mxatvrul mwerlobas didi xnis istoria
aqvs da XI-XII ss-is qarTuli literatura mdidari tra-
diciis gagrZelebaa, magram misi Sedareba winamorbedi
agiografiuli mwerlobis ZeglebTan iZleva yvelaze
ufro naTel suraTs cvlilebebisa, romlebic adamia-

149
nuris gagebaSi moxda da romelTa gamoxatvisTvis li-
teraturas (xelovnebis sxva dargebTan SedarebiT) uf-
ro adekvaturi saSualebebi gaaCnia.
mexotbeTa poezia mefeebis individualuri Rirse-
bebiTaa STagonebuli, romlebSic qveynis ekonomikuri,
politikuri da kulturuli aRmavlobis mizezs xedav-
dnen da gasagebia, rom isini gamoirCevian araCveuleb-
rivi fizikuri ZaliT, momxiblavi garegnobiT, Rrma sa-
xelmwifoebrivi gonebiT, amaRlebuli sulieri Tvise-
bebiT; warmodgenili arian, rogorc qveynis mpyrobel-
ni, ,,mZleTa-mZleni”, TviT uZlevelni da mtrebis jojo-
xeTSi mSTanTqmelni. hiperbola maTi qebis erT-erTi Zi-
riTadi xerxia, bibliuri, antikuri, aRmosavluri da
adgilobrivi personaJebi – masala SedarebebisTvis.
mexotbeTa gmirebi SesaniSnavad floben samxedro
xelovnebas, mSvilds, maxvils. lomTa msgavsni – sZle-
ven ,,legionebs”, musraven mtrebs. sxeuliT daviTi sa-
ros msgavsia, saxiT – mzis. Tamaris saxe brolisa da
vardis msgavsia, mas amSvenebs naTeli Subli, maRali
yeli da a.S. isini gamoirCevian sulis siZlieriT, araC-
veulebrivi sibrZniT, samyaros saidulmloebaTa ,,Wvre-
tiT”, azris siRrmiT.
maRali moraluri Tvisebebi, sulis sifaqize da
zneobis sisrule, mowyaleba qveSevrdomTa mimarT,
zrunva glaxakebze, samarTliani msajuleba – mexotbe-
Ta gmirebis moraluri saxis ganumeorebeli Tvisebebia.
Tavis usazRvro gatacebaSi – ganadidon qveynis mmar-
Tvelni – mexotbeebi azrovnebis Sua saukuneebis piro-
bebisTvis uCveulo Tavisuflebas amJRavneben. SavTeli
mimarTavs Tavis gmirs, rogorc wmindans. iseTi Txzu-
lebebic ki, rogoricaa wigni mefeTa, qebaTa-qeba, ekle-
siaste, daviTis igavni, solomonis sibrZne da Zveli
aRTqmis sxva wignebi – verafers miumatebda misi gmi-
ris qebas. CaxruxaZis sityviT, Tamari msgavsia ara mxo-
lod mzisa, aramed mama-RmerTisa da qristesi; isaa axa-

150
li mxsneli da mesia codvili kacobriobisa17.214ro-
gorc n. mari werda, CaxruxaZis ,,mozeime patriotizmis
aRgznebiT” gamsWvaluli ideebi, ,,ara bunebrivi, nawva-
levi, tendenciuri patriotizmi” ki araa, aramed ,,qar-
Tuli erovnuli saxelmwifoebriobisa da samxedro di-
debis umaRles sasicocxlo ganviTarebiT”18215gamowveu-
li ganwyobileba.
adamianuris axleburi gagebis TvalsazrisiT,
mniSvnelovani Zeglebia ,,amirandarejaniani” da ,,visra-
miani”. pirvel maTganSi, rogorc feodalur-rainduli
tipis romanSi, aisaxa vasalur damokidebulebaze da-
fuZnebuli socialuri urTierTobani da Sesatyvisi Se-
xedulebani da warmodgenebi. Txzuleba warmoadgens
upiratesad vaJkacobisa da fizikuri Zalis mxatvrul
ganzogadebas. Tormeti grZeli Tavis manZilze aRweri-
lia ramdenadme erTferovani Tavgadasavali amiranisa
da misi Zmadnaficebisa, romelTa xasiaTi, gamZleoba,
Seupovroba da goliaTuri Zala mraval dabrkolebaTa
gadalaxvis fonze vlindeba. es dabrkolebani warmoad-
genen urCxulebs, av sulebs, qarTuli folklorisTvis
damaxasiaTebel devebs. amirani da misi Zmadnaficebi
sZleven rogorc fantastikur, aseve realurad arse-
bul mxecebs, spiloebs, martorqebs, gvelebs; amarcxe-
ben maTze bevrad mravalricxovan mxedrobas.
Txzulebis gmirebi avlenen feodaluri sazoga-
doebisTvis damaxasiaTebel moralur Tvisebebs, siuze-
renisadmi (,,patronisadmi”) erTgulebas, rogorc pira-
di keTilSobilebis gamoxatulebas.
gmirTa miznebi amqveyniuri sinamdviliT da masSi
moqmedi adamianis miswarafebebiT aris gansazRvruli
da, Zmadnaficoba qarTul mwerlobaSi am nawarmoebiT
Semotanili erT-erTi aucilebeli pirobaa am miznebis
ganxorcielebis gzaze. dasasruli optimisturia, fizi-
kuri Zalis hiperbolizacia – qarTuli folkloruli
tradiciis gagrZelebaa da misi aRdgena am epoqaSi ka-

151
nonzomieria da gasagebi. magram es, xSirad fantasti-
kamde misuli hiperbola, rCeba adamianuris axali gage-
bis da axali msoflmxedvelobis farglebSi da ar ar-
Rvevs epoqis saerTo ganwyobilebas19.216.
,,visramianis” avtorisTvis adamianis fizikuri Za-
la da garegani ieri ara aris yuradRebis gareSe da-
tovebuli, magram am nawarmoebis mTavar sagans adamia-
nis suleri cxovrebis da, kerZod, siyvarulis grZno-
bis mxatvruli asaxva warmoadgens. amave dros Txzu-
lebis mniSvneloba msoflmxedvelobrivi ideebis ganvi-
TarebaSi adamianis sulieri cxovrebis sruliad axle-
buri gagebiT da gansaxierebiT aris gansazRvruli. aq
es grZnoba ,,adamianur Zalebze aRmatebulia” da imor-
Cilebs sulis yovelgvar moZraobas.
,,visramianis” gmirebisTvis siyvaruli RmerTis mi-
er dawesebuli gardauvali grZnobaa: ,,Sen ese ar ici,
romel mijnurisa umoyvrod sawuTrod ar hamoa?... mama-
kaci colsa miT SeirTavs, romel erTmanerTisa gaixar-
nen. Tu erTmaneTisa ar gaixareben, sawuTrosa nivTTa
ukana ras udgebian?”20.217.
siyvarulis grZnobis Zala yvelaze metad qmnida
adamianSi kolizias Sua saukuneebis moralTan, xolo
,,visramianSi” is pirdapir upirispirdeba am morals.
raminis siyvarulisTvis visi mzadaa ara mxolod fizi-
kuri tanjva aitanos, mzadaa gawiros Sua saukunis yve-
laze maRali idelai: ,,he, Zliero da maRalo Ãelmwi-
feo!... Tu gwadian CamomarCev anu Tualni damwuen; gwa-
dian – gamaZe, gwadian ukunisamde daWedili gyve. Tu
ginda laSqarTa Sigan SiSveli maare; raca gwadian,
igica miyav, yvela Ãelgewifebis. amas veRar ukuvityvi:
me ramin casa da queyanasa yuelasa mirCevnia, da Tavsa
da sulsa Cemsa missa Wirsa vanacualeb... da ra mgama,
Tu erTi suli misTuis gavswiro? Tumca aTi aTasi su-
li medga, yuela misTuisve minda. me raminis siyuarul-
sa ar movswydebi, vire sicocxle ar momwydes. me misi

152
mzisa msgavsi piri, tanisa sarois nakuTasa zeda myofi,
gonebisagan ar mimcildebis da igi mirCevia aTassa
Ãelmwifesa... mzesa Tu mTuaresa mas zeda vxedav, Cemi
imedi da neba igi ars”....
sayuradReboa, rom warmodgena or samyaroze araa
ucxo ,,visramianis” gmirebisaTvis da sakuTari saqcie-
lis moraluri Sefasebis sakiTxi dgeba maT winaSe Sua
saukuneebis dualizmis planSi. visim ver moaxerxa da-
exsna Tavi sircxvilisgan xalxisa da RmerTis winaSe
da amis gamo kidev ufro mwvave xasiaTs Rebulobs misi
gancdebi da kidev ufro radikalurad JRers visis ar-
Cevani samoTxesa da ramins Soris: ,,me ramin egre Sem-
yvarebia, romel saukunisamde veRar movswydebi: da Tu
egre mkiTxo: samoTxe girCevnia, anu ramino, _ me, Senman
mzeman, ramins gamovirCev, amiT romel misi Sexedva sa-
moTxed miCso“21.218,,visramianis” gmirebi miwiT arian da-
badebulni, miwieria da amqveyniuri, sawuTrosTan da-
kavSirebuli grZnobac, romelic maT flobs. gmirebi
miiswrafian am bednierebisaken da kmayofili arian
miT22.219kidev ufro amkveTrebs gmirebis miswrafebaTa
amqveyniur bunebas maT garegnobaze yuradRebis gamaxvi-
leba.
kulturuli Semoqmedebis mTavar keras Sua sauku-
neebis pirobebSi monastrebi warmoadgenda. monastreb-
Si viTardeboda qarTuli filosofiuri azrovnebac. im
monasterTa Soris, romlebTanac XI-XII ss-is qarTuli
filosofiuri azrovnebaa dakavSirebuli, umravlesoba
am epoqaSia daarsebuli. adre daarsebuli monastrebic
am dros ganicdis did ekonomikursa da kulturul
aRorZinebas. qarTuli monastrebis udidesi nawili bi-
zantiis imperiis teritoriaze iyo ganlagebuli da
mniSvnelovnad uwyobda xels urTierTobebs, berZnule-
novan bizantiur kulturasTan da, misi meSveobiT, Zvel
antikur filosofiasTan.

153
 cnobilia, rom ioane petriws da arsen iyalTo-
els swavla konstantinopolis ganTqmul manganis aka-
demiSi hqondaT miRebuli da petriwi Cabmuli iyo am
progresul ideur moZraobaSi, romelsac am dros bi-
zantiaSi hqonda adgili.
cxadia, qarTuli filosofiuri azrovneba viTar-
deboda adgilobriv monastrebSic, mag., gelaTsa da
iyalToSi, romlebsac iseTive da xSirad ufro meti
mniSvneloba hqonda qarTuli filosofiuri azrovnebis
ganviTarebaSi. CvenSi, saswavlo dawesebulebebic, ro-
gorc Cans, aRmosavleT romis da Semdeg bizantiis im-
periaSi arsebuli nimuSis mixedviT iqmneboda da swav-
lebis procesic bizantiis analogiuri unda yofiliyo.
swavlebis sistema am dros Svid ZiriTad sagans
gulisxmobda: gramatikas, ritorikas, filosofias (dia-
leqtikas), ariTmetikas, geometrias, musikas da astro-
nomias. pirveli sami sagani Seadgenda e.w. ,,triviums”,
danarceni oTxi _ ,,qvadriviums”. petriws rom ganaTle-
bis es sistema hqonia gavlili, dasturdeba misi Txzu-
lebis winasityvaobiT.
gelaTis daarseba (mSenebloba daiwyo 1106 w.) war-
moadgenda mniSvnelovan faqts daviT aRmaSeneblis sa-
Sinao politikasa da swavla-ganaTlebaze didi zrun-
vis saqmeSi. is specialur saxlebs agebda mahmadiani
poetebisTvisac, rac misi saSianao politikis saocar
gonivrulobaze da religiur da ideologiur sakiT-
xebSi uCveulo tolerantobaze metyvelebs. daviTma am
monasterSi ,,Semokribna, _ istorikosis sityviT, _ kac-
ni patiosanni cxovrebiT da Semkulni yovliTa saTnoe-
biTa” da dausaxa sakmaod didi amocana – qceuliyo az-
rovnebis es centri ,,meored ierusalimad” da ,,sxuad
aTinad”. rogorc S. nucubiZe fiqrobda, gelaTis akade-
miasTan aris dakavSirebuli, saqarTveloSi samecniero
xarisxebis SemoReba, rac bizantiis mixedviT unda yo-
filiyo dadgenili. aris SemTxveva, rodesac ,,filoso-

154
fosi” ixmareboda ara mxolod rogorc moRvaweobis
niSani, aramed rogorc samecniero wodeba – xarisxi.
aseTi mniSvnelobiTaa gamoyenebuli es gamoTqma ioane
petriwTan dakavSirebiT (,,ioane filosofosi”)23.220.
petriwonis monasteri daarsa (1083 w.) bizantiis
imperiis cnobilma moRvawem, dasavleTis ,,sevastosma
da didma domestikosma” grigol bakurianis Zem, rome-
lic ,,warmoSobiT, _ rogorc is TavisTavze wers, _
,,iberTa ubrwyinvalesi gvaridan” iyo. petriwonis mo-
nasteri moxsenebulia qarTul saistorio wyaroebSi,
rogorc qarTuli lavra ,,bolRareTSi”. grigol baku-
rianis Zeze laparakia, rogorc ,,aRmosavleTis zorvar-
ze” (mTavar sardalze), romelmac qarTvel mefes, gior-
gi II-s gadasca mis gamgeblobaSi myofi qalaqi yarsi
da misi midamoebi.
yoveli monasteri garkveul ekonomikur iuridi-
ul da eTikur principze damyarebul socialur uj-
reds warmoadgenda da petriwonis monastris tipikoni,
romelmac sxva qarTul analogiur ZeglTa Soris
mTliani saxiT miaRwia Cvenamde, _ SeiZleba monastris
Taviseburebasa da damaarseblis vinaobaze msjelo-
bisTvis safuZveli gaxdes. am tipikonSi sagangebodaa
reglamentirebuli daxmareba siberiT an avadmyofobiT
gaWirvebaSi Cavardnili ,,ZmebisaTvis”, maTze ,,fiqri,
zrunva da nugeSiniscema”. grigolma didi qoneba Sewi-
ra monasters da monasterTan specialuri sastumro
aaSena ,,mgzavrebisa da glaxakTaTvis”, daawesa maTi
momaragebis sagangebo wesebi.
petriwonis monasteri gansakuTrebul interess
imsaxurebs, rogorc saswavlo dawesebuleba da filo-
sofiuri azrovnebis centri. am mxriv mas yuradReba
jer kidev frangma mecnierma lui ptim miaqcia, rome-
lic werda: petriwonis monastris saxiT saqme gvaqvs
,,uaRresad iSviaT, SeiZleba erTaderT magaliTTan
bizantiaSi moqmedi semionariisa, am sityvis uaxlesi

155
mniSvnelobiT”24.221seminaria gaSenebuli iyo monastris
mTavari Senobisgan moSorebiT da mis movaleobasa da
daniSnulebas moymeTa aRzrda da ganswavla Seadgenda.
savaraudebelia, rom ioane petriwi am monasterSi moR-
vaweobis dros am seminariis xelmZRvaneli yofiliyo.
XI-XII ss-is bizantiaSi, sadac am dros petriwonis
qarTuli monasteri daarsda da ioane petriwi moRvawe-
obda, kulturis da filosofiis ganviTrebam iseT do-
nes miaRwia, rom mecnierebaSi gaCnda safuZveli bizan-
tiis renesansis sakiTxis dayenebisaTvis25.222konstanti-
nopolis akademiaSi, sadac ioane petriwi swavlobda,
XI saukuneSi orjer warmoiqmna axali saazrovno anti-
dogmaturi moZraobis sakmaod mZlavri nakadi: erTxel,
rodesac iq moRvaweobda miqael fselosi (1018-1077/8
ww.), romelic cdilobda filosofia mistikisgan gae-
Tavisuflebina da azrovnebaSi racionalizmisTvis mie-
ca meti gasaqani. misi moRvaweoba SeumCneveli ar darCa
xelisuflebisTvis da am ,,Tavisi drois pirvel mwer-
lad” cnobilma moazrovnem SedarebiT iolad uaryo
da dagmo Tavisi ,,mwvalebluri” Sexedulebani. magram
mis mier dawyebuli ideuri moZraoba aRar SeCerebula
da gansakuTrebiT mwvave xasiaTi miiRo, rodesac am go-
nebriv moZraobas saTaveSi amave akademiis profesori
ioane italosi Caudga. Cven qvemoT SevexebiT italosis
SexedulebaTa xasiaTs da petriwis monawileobis sa-
kiTxs italosis ideur moZraobaSi.

II
rogorc zemoT iyo naTqvami, amdroindeli isto-
rikosebis TxzulebebSi gansakuTrebul adgils antiku-
ri kulturidan aRebuli istoriuli saxeebi da maTi
Sesatyvisi ganwyobilebani iWers. analogiuri mdgoma-
reobaa am epoqis poeziaSi da, kerZod, SavTelis da
CaxruxaZis poemebSi. SavTelTan damowmebulia ,,aTine-

156
li brZeni”, varskvlavTmricxvelni da sokrateseburi
swvla; parmenide da Zenoni, peripatetikosni, sokrate
da prokle diadoqosi. CaxruxaZe imowmebs Zveli ber-
Znuli panTeonis RmerTebs (planetebs), homerossa da
mis mier Seqebul troadis omis gmirebs; imowmebs, ag-
reTve, sokrates, platons, aristoteles, patristikis
periodis filosofiur moazrovneebs; miuwodebs maT
Tamaris qebisken.
saineteresoa, rom dionise areopageli mexotbeeb-
Tan platonisa da aristoteles gverdiTaa dayenebuli
da filosofiuri sibrZnis mixedviT, antikuri filoso-
fiis warmomadgenlebTanaa gaTanabrebuli.
am epoqaSia Sesrulebuli ramdenime krebuli,
romlebic filosofiuri aforizmebisa sentenciebisgan
Sedgeba da cnobilia samecniero swavlaTa da filoso-
fiur sibrZneTa saxelwodebiT. erTi maTgani warmoad-
gens sasuliero da saero sibrZneTa saerTo krebuls,
Sedgenils cnobil qristian avtoritetTa da antikuri
moazrovneebis Txzulebebidan amokrebili Sexedulebe-
bisgan (maT Soris aristoteles, platonis, piTagoras,
sokrates, demokrites, levkipes, filonis da sxvaTa).
meore krebulis yvela Segoneba, rogorc misi gamomce-
meli iv. lolaSvili SeniSnavs, amoRebulia ,,gareSeTa
wignTagan” da saero Sinaarsisaa. mesame krebuli _
,,sibrZnisagan platon filosofosisa” – mTlianad pla-
tonis debulebebisgan Sedgeba. sayuradReboa, rom es
krebuli cnobili yofila SoTa rusTavelisTvis da
masSi gamoTqmuli debuleba _ ,,Suri da tyuvili da
orpiroba Tavi ars yovlisa ubedobisa”, _ rusTavelis
poemaSia asaxuli:
,,me sityvasa erTsa gkadreb, platonisgan swavla
Tqmulsa,
sicruve da orpiroba avnebs xorcsa, merme sulsa.
raTgan Tavia sicrue yovlisa ubedobisa,

157
 me rad gavwiro moyvare, Zma umtkicesi Zmobi-
sa?!”26.223.
XI ss-is meore naxevarSi efrem mcirem mTlianad
Targmna qarTulad fsevdo-dionise areopagelis Txzu-
lebani. manve Targmna ioane damaskelis Sua saukuneebis
qristianul aRmosavleTSi farTod gavrcelebuli
,,codnis wyaros” Sesavali, e.w. dialeqtika da mTavari
nawili ,,qristianuli rwmenis orTodoqsuli gadmoce-
ma”. areopagituli korpusis da ioane damaskelis ,,dia-
leqtikac” antikuri filosofiis – erT SemTxvevaSi ne-
olatonizmis, meore SemTxvevaSi aristoteles moZRvre-
bis (misi logikuri da nawilobriv ontologiuri Sexe-
dulebebis) qristianul monoTeistur gadamuSavebas
warmoadgenda da mniSvnelovan, xSirad principuli
mniSvnelobis antikur ideebs Seicavda.
Sua saukuneebis xsenebuli gamoCenili moazrovne-
ebis Txzulebebis gacnobam aRZra da gaaRviva qarTve-
li sazogadoebis gonebrivi interesi uSualod antiku-
ri filosofiisadmi. ioane petriwi, nemesios emeselis
(IV s.) TxzulebasTan (,,bunebisaTvis kacisa”) erTad,
romelic cnobil qristian moRvaweTa ricxvs ekuTvnis,
Targmnis neoplatonikos prokles (412-485) mTavar
Txzulebas da aristoteles logikur naSromebs (,,ka-
tegoriebi” da ,,ganmartebisaTvis”). xolo ioane tari-
Wis Ze Targmnis prokles mowafis amonios hermiasis or
Txzulebas: porfiri filosofosis xuTi kategoriis
Sesavlis ganmartebas da aristoteles aTi kategoriis
Sesavlis ganmartebas. amaT emateba arsen iyalToelis
Targmanebi: ioane damaskelis ,,codnis wyaro”, romelic
ukve iyo efrem mcires mier Targmnili da anastasi si-
nelis (VIIIs.) ,,winamZRvari”27.224.
filosofiuri Zeglebis mTargmnelebi, saxeldobr
gansaxilvel periodSi, Tavad iyvnen didi moazroneebi,
romelTa pozicia da damokidebuleba msoflio azrov-
nebis warmomadgenlebisadmi vlindeba ara mxolod sa-

158
Targmnelad SerCeul literaturaSi, aramed Targmane-
bisadmi darTul SeniSvnebsa da komentarebSi.
is faqti, rom CamoTvlil avtorTa udidesi nawi-
li neoplatonikosTa ricxvs ganekuTvneba (fsevdo-dio-
nise, nemesios emeseli, prokle, amonios hermiasi) da ma-
Ti Txzulebebis Targmna niSnavda neoplatonuri idee-
bis Semotanas, moZRvrebis pirvandeli, antikuri Tu mo-
noTeisturad gadamuSavebuli saxiT, sakmarisad utyua-
ri maCvenebelia neoplatonizmis gansakuTrebuli mniS-
vnelobisa saqarTveloSi da, kerZod, gansaxilveli
epoqis qarTul filosofiur azrovnebaSi.
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom iseTi popularuli
Txzuleba, rogoric ioane damaskelis ,,codnis wyaroa”,
Tumca neoplatonuri araa, magram sakmaod uwyobda
xels masSi asaxul fsevdo-dionisesagan momdinare neop-
latonuri ideebis gavrcelebas. aseTia Sexedulebani
RmerTze, rogorc zeSTa arsebaze, rogorc sikeTeze; Se-
xeduleba, rom RmerTi aris sikeTe da Semdeg arsi;
RmerTis miuwvdomlobaze, magram amave dros RmerTze,
rogorc sayovelTao mizezze da mravali sxv. ioane da-
maskelis TxzulebaSi gamoyenebulia katafatikuri da
apofatikuri meTodebi da aRiarebulia orive meTodiT
miRebuli daskvnebi, rom RmerTi sabolood dgas predi-
kaciis gareSe da aris zeSTa arseba da zeSTa Rmer-
Ti28.225magram neoplatonizmis mniSvnelobis damadastu-
rebeli mTavari da gadamwyveti faqti imdroindel qar-
Tul filosofiaSi ioane petriwis moZRvrebaa, romelic
Camoyalibda neoplatonizmis safuZvelze, Seicavs prin-
cipul neoplatonur ideebs da Seadgens ,,qarTuli neop-
latonizmis” ZiriTad Semadgenel nawils.
XI-XII ss-Si qarTuli kulturis gaamqveyniurobis
procesi ufro metad Rrmavdeba da rusTavelis Semoq-
medebaSi renesansuli humanizmis saxiT yalibdeba. rus-
Tavelis msoflmxedveloba (romelic qvemoT iqneba
ganxiluli), qarTuli renesansis Teoriis mTavar da-

159
sayrdens warmoadgens, romelic 50 wlis manZilze, misi
warmoqmnidan dRevandlamde, sul metsa da met aRiare-
bas poulobs. al. losevis sityviT, ,,qarTuli aRorZi-
nebis sityvis mkvlevrebma daamtkices, rom qarTuli
moazrovneebi iyvnen wamomwyebni neoplatonuri da are-
opagituli renesansisa evropaSi, rom maT aq ramdenime
saukuniT gauswres dasavleT evropas”29.226.
rogorc iyo naTqvami, filosofiuri azrovnebis
aRorZineba amdroindel saqarTveloSi da, kerZod, neop-
latonizmis roli gansazRvruli iyo ara imdenad ad-
rindeli qarTuli filosofiuri tradiciebiT da mem-
kvidreobiT, ramdenadac kulturis aRmavlobiT, epoqis
idealuri, msoflmxedvelobrivi viTarebiT, romlebic
mecnierebaSi cnobil qarTul renesanss ukavSirdeba.
humanizmis ZiriTadi ideebi, maT Soris, amqveyniu-
ri sinamdvilisa da masSi moqmedi adamianis cxovrebis
Rirebulebisa da mniSvnelobis idea gansaxierebas pou-
lobs, SeiZleba iTqvas, renesansuli kulturis yvela
dargSi – literaturaSi, ferweraSi, arqiteqturaSi,
qandakebaSi, musikaSi da sxv. maT Soris, cxadia, filo-
sofiaSic. magram yovel maTganSi (garda filosofiisa)
es ideebi xorcieldeba ,,saqmiT” Semoqmedebis praqtika-
Si da Tanamdrove mecnierebas uxdeba amoikiTxos es
ideebi renesansis epoqis didi mravalkulturuli mem-
kvidreobidan, romelic mravalvarobisa miuxedavad, ga-
erTianebulia humanizmis ganmsazRvreli ideebiT.
epoqa moiTxovda filosofias, rogorc msof-
lmxdvelobis damasabuTebel, ,,logikurad sistematizi-
rebul” saxeobas, sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis gansa-
kuTrebul formas. mas unda daesabuTebina renesansuli
humanizmis ZiriTadi ideebi.
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT renesansis epoqis sulier
atmosferos, humanistebis damokidebulebas RvTaebrivi-
sa da miwierisadmi, renesansis filosofiuri safuZ-
vlebis Zieba materializmSi, es istorizmis principis

160
darRveva da warsulis modernizacia iqneboda. saeWvoa,
rom Tundac gasendisa da dekartes gviandeli moZRvre-
banic ki, romlebsac mTeli arsi pirveli sawyisebis me-
qanikur moZraobamde da maT ricxobriv gansazRvrebam-
de dahyavdaT, anda hobsis moZRvreba, romelic misi ab-
straqtulobisa da calmxvrivobis gamo gadaiqca, k. mar-
qsis sityviT, Tavisebur asketizmad, gamomdgariyo samya-
ros renesansuli gagebisa da renesansuli xelovnebis
mravalferovani mxatvruli sinamdvilis filosofiur
safuZvlad.
miwieri sinamdvilis Rirebulebis dasabuTeba SesaZ-
lebeli gaxda zeciurisa da miwieris (RmerTisa Ada qvey-
nis, sawyisisa da samyaros) erTianobis, ori samyaros,
,,ori soflis” msoflmxedvelobrivi sinTezis safuZvel-
ze da aman gaxsna farTo gza Semoqmedebis yvela sferos
momcveli humanisturi ideebis ganviTarebisTvis. ,,rusTa-
veli, – werda S. nucubiZe _ arsad ar uSvebs kavSiris
gawyvetas zecasa, rogorc amaRlebulis, bednierebisa da
siyvarulis simbolos, da miwas, rogorc realuri, ,,xor-
cieli” adamianisaTvis realur qveyanaze am bednierebis,
siyvarulisa da netarebis miniWebis simbolos Soris.
swored am sinTezSi, am erTianobaSia rusTavelis mier
amqveyiur sikeTeTa poeturi xorcSesxmis sidiade. amitom
amqveyniuri, xorcieli siyvaruli, romelzec rusTaveli
laparakobs, mis warmodgenaSi ganuyrelad ukavSirdeba
zecas, amaRlebuls”30.227.
miwieri da zeciuri samyaroebis sinTezisa da erTi-
anobis ideam miwieri sinamdvile zeciuris donemde aa-
maRla da SesaZlebeli gaxada zeciuri samyaros Rirebu-
lebiTi gansazRvrebani miwierze gavrcelebuliyo. ,,ra
Tqma unda, _ wers al. losevi, _ renesansi zogadad aris
swored miwieri adamianis cda – ganamtkicos Tavisi miwi-
eri arseboba”. magram saqme is aris, rom Tavad miwieri
sinamdvile warmodga renesansis epoqis adamianis winaSe,
rogorc ,,savse RvTaebrivi ZalebiT”, ,,gaJRenTili uRrme-

161
si ideurobiT da sulieri keTilSobilebiT”31.228Cveni az-
riT, ar SeiZleba eWvis Setana, rom am erTianobisa da
sinTezis dasabuTebaSi logikuradac da faqtobrivadac
gadamwyveti roli neoplatonizmma Seasrula.
SemTxveviTai ar aris, rom es ori mecnieri _ S. nu-
cubiZe da a. losevi aTeuli wlebis manZilze ganuxre-
lad icavda Sexedulebas neoplatonizmis progresuli
mniSvnelobisa da misi idealuri kavSiris Sesaxeb dasav-
leTis, kerZod, qarTul renesanssa da humanizmTan. al.
losevis sityviT, ,,warmarTuli da, agreTve, monoTeistu-
ri neoplatonizmi iyo renesansuli esTetikis saocrad
maxlobeli da maqsimalurad intimuri ideali, romelSic
esoden advili iyo humanisturi niSnebis gaZliereba da
misi gamoyeneba miwieri, magram amave dros maqsimalurad
gaazrebuli adamianuri moqmedebisTvis. materialuri
adamianis Taviseburi sulieri gagebisTvis sxva dasabu-
Teba renesansma jer kidev ar icoda”32.229rac Seexeba qar-
Tul renesanss imave avtoris azriT, ,,damtkicebulad un-
da CaiTvalos, rom qarTul renasans safuZvlad udevs
neoplatonizmi, gansakuTrebiT prokles filosofia. es
unda CaiTvalos sagangebo aRmoCenad, radganac igi gvaZ-
levs SesaZleblobas ufro Rrmad mivudgeT italiur re-
nesanssac”33.230.
es garemoeba gvikarnaxebs, mokled SevexoT neopla-
tonizms da gansakuTrebiT im ideebs, romlebic yvelaze
mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda renesansisa da axali filosofi-
is dasawyis periodSi.
neolplatonizmi, romlis fuZemdebelia plotine
(205-270) antikuri, berZnuli filosofiis ukanaskneli
mniSvnelovani moZRvrebaa, romelmac didi da xangrZlivi
gavlena moaxdina Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaze. am moZ-
Rvrebis warmomadgenlebi Tavis Tavs platonikosebs uwo-
debdnen, magram rogorc samarTlianadaa SeniSnuli mec-
nierebaSi, es moZRvreba Seicavs platonisa da aristote-
les Sexedulebebs da warmoadgens savsebiT TavisTavad

162
sistemas, gansxvavebuls orive cnobili winamorbedisagan.
platonisagan neoplatonizmi imiT gansxvavdeba, rom si-
namdvile aq warmoadgens gamomdinareobis safuZvelze
damyarebul mTlianobas, romlis pirvel sawyiss pirveli
erTi Sedgens da oTxi ZiriTadi safexurisgan Sedgeba:
pirveli erTi, goni, suli da samyaro. es safexurebi er-
Ti meorisgan gamomdinareoben, erTmaneTTan mWidro, uw-
yvet kavSirSi imyofebian da ,,ziarebis” (monawileobis)
safuZvelze erT mTlian wyobas qmnian. pirveli erTi
aris pirveli sawyisi, pirveli safuZveli da mTeli ar-
sis pirveli mizezi, romelic mas erTianobas da arsebo-
bas aniWebs. yoveli arsi arsebobs imdenad, ramdenadac
mas erTianoba aqvs da kargavs arsebobas, rodesac kar-
gavs erTianobas.
rogorc absoluturi sisrule, pirveli erTiani
mTel arss winaswar moicas Tavis TavSi, magram moicavs
zeWarbad sruli ganxorcielebis saxiT. aq SesaZleblo-
ba da sinamdvile erTmaneTs emTxveva da amitom pirveli
mizezi arsebobisa da Secnobadobis farglebs iqiT aris
moqceuli. rogorc ed. celeri SeniSnavs, Segnebuli az-
rovnebis sazRvrebs iqiT gasvlis miswrafeba saerTod
ucxo iyo berZnuli filosofiisTvis da antikur filo-
sofiaSi aRmosavleTidan, filon aleqsandrielisgan Se-
movida. pirveli sawyisis gansazRvreba da predikacia sa-
erTod SeuZlebelia da masze ,,imis Tqmac ar SeiZleba,
rom is aris, arsebobs” (plotine. eneadebi, VI, 9,5)†*.
amgvarad gagebuli pirveli sawyisi ara mxolod
gansxvavdeba arsisgan (da samyarosgan), aramed upirispir-
deba mas da filosofiis istoriis ZiriTadi sakiTxi dge-
ba, rogorc dapirispirebulTa mimarTebis sakiTxi.
neoplatonizmis moZRvrebis es sakiTxi emyareba apo-
fatikur (uaryofis) meTods, romlis ontologiur safuZ-
                                                            
* SemdegSi mxolod ricxvebi iqneba damowmebuli. romauli ric-
xvi eneadis aRmniSvneli iqneba, pirveli arabuli ricxvi wigni-
sa, xolo momdevno, wignSi Semavali Tavisa (S.x.).

163
vels Seadgens debuleba _ ,,pirveli erTiani araa arsad
da araferSi” (V,5,8) da warmarTavs pirveli sawyisis mo-
azrebas ara dadebiTi gansazRvrebis meSveobiT, aramed
maTi uaryofis gziT. sabolood iZleva pasuxs ara im
kiTxvaze – ra aris pirveli sawyisi, aramed kiTxvaze –
ra ar aris is.
pirveli sawyisis arsebobisa da Secnobadobis saz-
Rvrebs iqiT gatanam neoplatonizmi misi wvdomis axali
gzebis Ziebis winaSe daayena da gamosavali pirveli saw-
yisis mistikur wvdomaSi daisaxa. mistikuri nakadi neop-
latonizmSi gadaiqca mizezad am SesaniSnavi moZRvrebis
Seufaseblobisa, rasac adgili hqonda ramdenime aTeuli
wlis manZilze sabWoTa mecnierebaSi. magram neoplati-
nizmis swori gageba SeuZlebelia im garemoebis gaTva-
liswinebis gareSe, rom mistikuri nakadi neoplatoniz-
mSi gamowveulia ara mxolod da ara imdenad epoqis su-
lieri atmosferoTi, ramdenadac axali problemis sir-
TuliT, romlis winaSec neoplatonizmi dadga. da rac
kidev ufro mniSvnelovania, neoplatonizmi ar daiyvaneba
mistikur ideebze da apofatizmze da misi didi mniSvne-
lovani da pozitiuri nawili agebulia katafatikur das-
kvnebze da pirvel sawyissa da arssa da samyaros Soris
ontologiuri kavSiris wanamZRvarze.
sadac plotine pirveli sawyisis apofatikur daxa-
siaTebaze laparakobs da wers: ,,amitom arc Cven mivawerT
RmerTs arafers im nivTTa sferodan, romlebic mis Sem-
deg arian da massze dabla dganan”, iqve umatebs: ,,viciT
ra mxolod, rom is aris mizezi yovelivesi” (V, 5, 13).
pirvelerTiani miemarTeba samyaros ise, rogorc mi-
zezi Sedegs da maT Soris mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiri
plotinesTvis yovelive eWvgareSea.
rogorc ,,absoluturad srulyofili” pirveli
sawyisi ,,zeWarbadaa avsebuli yoveliveTi” da ,,TiTqos
gadmodis napirebidan”, ,,warmoqmnis raRac... gansxvave-
buls”; es gansxvavebuli aris ,,yoveli arsi” da yovelive

164
arsebili (V, 3, 15). neoplatonizmSi xSirad gamoyenebuli
mzisa da naTelis analogia aqac moqmedebs: absoluturi
erTidan arsi imgvarad warmoiqmneba, ,,rogorc sinaTlis
wyarosagan sinaTlis mTeli sfero” (V, 3, 15).
pirveli sawyisis gansazRvrebaTa Soris gansakuT-
rbuli mniSvneloba aqvs sikeTesa da mSvenierebas. sikeTe
(α̉γαθόυ) pirveli sawyisis umaRlesi gansazRvebaa da misi
predikacia am cnebiT iwyeba. is yvelaze metad Seefereba
da yvelaze metad gamoxatavs mis namdvil bunebas.
amgvarad, pirveli sawyisi, rogorc sikeTe, mSvenie-
reba da arsi neoplatonizmSi warmoadgens, erTianis sam-
yarosadmi mimarTebis sam aspeqts da aniWebs samyaros on-
tologiur, eTikur da esTetikur Rirebulebas da mniS-
vnelobas.
plotines mixedviT, pirvelerTianisgan gansxvavebu-
lis (arsis) warmoqmna aucilebelia da misgan warmoqmni-
li pirveli arsi aris goni (νούς) wminda azris sfero.
goni pirveli sawyisis pirveli Sedegia da amitom ,,yve-
laze ufro srulyofili” arsia. pirveli, riTac goni
Tavisi warmomqmnelisgan gansxvavdeba, isaa, rom Semota-
nilia arsisa da Secnobadobis sferoSi da warmoadgens
pirvel arssa da garkveulobas. misi pirveli sawyisidan
miRebuli energia arsis bolo safexurebamde vrceldeba
da Tanmimdevrulad qmnis sulsa da kosmoss.
azrovneba rom ganxorcieldes, goni raimeze unda
iyos mimarTuli. es raime Tavad gonis sferoa da aris-
toteles msgavsad, plotine fiqrobs, rom goni ,,aucile-
belia Tavis Tavs sWvretdes” (V, 3,10). ase ormagdeba goni
– azrovnebad da mosaazreblad, mWvretelad da Wvretis
sagnad (V, 3,15). ,,goni” arsebobs, rogorc ,,goni” imdenad,
ramdenadac iazrebs arsebuls, da ,,arsebuli arsebobs,
rogorc arsi” imdenad, ramdenadac moiazreba gonis mier
(V, 1, 4). rogorc moazrovne, goni erTia da mTliani, ro-
gorc azrovnebis sagani – simravlea da danawevrebuli.

165
 is, rac ze-arsia da gaurkveveli pirvel sawyisSi,
gonis sferoSi warmogvidgeba, rogorc arsi da garkveu-
loba, rogorc ideebisa da ricxvebis sinamdvile, romel-
sac goni mTeli sisruliT Seicavs Tavis TavSi (VI, 9, 2)
zedroulad da myisierad da, romlebic warmoadgenen bu-
nebrivi movlenebis pirvel saxeebs (paradigmebs), ar
emorCilebian warmavlobasa da qcevadobas.
gonis azrovneba, rogorc Tavisi Tavis moazreba,
WvretiTia (intuiciuri), yovelTvis ganxorcielebuli da
zedrouli.
arsis Semdgomi safexuri msoflio sulia. misi war-
moqmna gonisgan iseTive mkacr kanonzomierebas emyareba,
rogorsac gonis warmoqmna pirvelerTianisagan. is ,,axa-
li energiaa” da pirveli sawyisisgan kidev ufro gansxva-
vebuli da dadablebuli. msoflio suli gonisa da sam-
yaros Sorisaa ,,moTavsebuli” arsTa wyobaSi da amitom
erTianobasa da kavSirSia rogorc gonTan, agreTve samya-
rosTan. gonisgan warmoqmnil suls gonisgan aqvs ,,arsis
mTeli sisrule” (V, 2, 1), magram gonisgan gansxvavebiT,
sulis moqmedeba droul mimdinareobas eqvemdebareba.
msoflio suli warmoqmnis samyaros, ,,ukidegano ze-
cis formaTa mTel mSvenierebas” (V, 1, 2), cas, varskvla-
vebs, mzes, romlebic neoplatonizmis mixedviT, RvTaeb-
rivi bunebisani arian. msoflio suli aZlevs arsebuls
arsebobas, acocxlebs samyaros, asuldgmulebs da asu-
lierebs mas, warmoqmnis cocxal arsebebs, romlebsac is
arsebobasTan erTad aniWebs sicocxles. sulma ,,STabera
maT sicocxle” (V, 1, 2), yvelas, romlebic miwiT ikvebebi-
an, anda ,,zRvaSi Tu haerSi cxovroben” (V, 1, 2).
suli amyarebs samyaroSi ,,kanonzomier wesrigs”,
icavs am wesrigs da suli qmnis arsebiTad samyaros, ro-
gorc kosmoss (κόσμος), am sityvis antikuri mniSvnelobiT.
sulis gareSe samyaro iqneboda ,,usicocxlo masa”, ra-
Rac ararsi (μή’ον).

166
 neoplatonizmi mravali istorikosis da filoso-
fosis mier panTeistur moZRvrebad aris aRiarebuli da
ideebi, romlebmac didi mniSvneloba moipova, SemdegSi
renesansis epoqis moazrovneebTan – nikoloz kuzanelis
da jordano brunos moZRvrebaSi, yvelaze meti garkveu-
lobiT sulis samyarosadmi mimarTebis sakiTxSi vlinde-
ba.
suli ,,CamoiRvreba” inertul, usicocxlo masamde,
,,TiTqos Casaxldeba masSi” (V, 1, 2) da samyaro iZens ar-
sebobas, sikeTes da mSvenierebas; suli aqcevs samyaros
,,cocxal TviTkmar arsebad”, aZlevs mas ,,sazriss, Rire-
bulebas da mSvenierebas” (iqve). sulis ,,Casaxleba”, samya-
roSi RvTaebis Casaxlebaa, radgan suli Tavadaa RvTaeba,
,,uZvelesi RvTaeba RvTaebaTa Soris”. samyaros gasulie-
reba, misi gaRvTaebrivobaa da amitom RvTaebrivia ara
mxolod ciuri movlenebi, RvTaebrivia adamiani da yove-
li samyaroseuli movlena.
sulis azrovneba samyarosken aris mimarTuli, dro-
Si arsebuli grZnobadi nivTebisken da amis gamo misi az-
rovneba, gonisgan gansxvavebiT, diskursiuli azrovnebaa.
aq Semecneba gansjis meSveobiT xorcieldeba. magram
grZnobadi nivTebis codna, plotines sityviT, namdvili
codna araa, mxolod Sexedulebaa, doqsaa (δόξα).
magram suli ,,gonisagan gamomdinare” (V, 1, 3) sub-
stanciaa da araa mTlianad mowyvetili Tavis warmomqmne-
li mizezisagan; piriqiT, rogorc ,,goniseuli” da gonis
monawile, suli marad arsebobs gonSi da mimarTulia
ara mxolod gare samyarosken, mimarTulia gonis, ro-
gorc sakuTari sawyisis Wvretisken da rasac am SemTxve-
vaSi iazrebs – gonis sferos ganekuTvneba. ,,zustad rom
vTqvaT, _ wers plotine, _ mxolod es wminda Sinagani
gonieri movlenebia damaxasiTebeli gonieri sulisaT-
vis”. sulis dabali rangis movlenebs, rogoricaa, mag.,
aRqmebi, vnebebi da sxv., maT ,,sxva wyaro da sxva sawyisi”
aqvT.

167
 samyaro arsis ukanaskneli safexuria da pirveler-
Tianis Zalis ukanaskneli gamomdinareobaa. samyaros
safexurze emanacia mTavrdeba da, rogorc qvemoT davina-
xavT, emanaciis sapirispiro moZraoba έπιστροφή (petriwis
terminiT _ ,,ukunsvla”) iwyeba. Tavis sawyisebTan Sedare-
biT daklebuli (petriwis sityviT rom vTqvaT _ ,,udare-
si”) samyaro danawevrebuli, cvalebadi, drosa da siv-
rceSi gaSlili arsia. samyaro bunebriv aucilebloba-
sac emorCileba, radgan mis warmoqmnaSi meore pirobac
monawileobs – materia, romelic plotines aristoteles
msgavsad esmis.
neoplatonizmis koncefciis ZiriTadi principi moq-
medebs samyaroSi, sadac movlenebi sxvadasxva rangs gane-
kuTvneba da ,,umjobes” _ ,,udaresobis” mixedviT sxvadas-
xva Rirebulebis movlenebs warmoadgens. xiluli samya-
ro am TvalsazrisiT or ZiriTad (mTvaris zeda da mTva-
ris qveda) sferod iyofa. yvelaze maRali mniSvnelobis
sferos ca da ciuri movlenebi ganekuTvneba – masSi
msoflio sulis umaRlesi nawilia CaRvrili. neoplato-
nikosebs mnaTobebi xilul RmerTebad miaCniaT. mnaTobTa
Soris gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mzes eniWeba da ana-
logia pirvel sawyissa da mzes Soris, rogorc mis saxes
(xats) Soris, niSandoblivia plotinesa da proklesTvis,
areopagituli moZRvrebisa da qarTuli neoplatonizmi-
saTvis, petriwisa da rusTavelisTvis. kavSiri adamianeb-
Tan uSualo WvretiT xorcieldeba da locvis mraval-
jeri gameorebaa saWiro, raTa is mnaTobebs yovelTvis
eZleodes uSualod.
samyaros dabal sferos (mTvaris qveSeTs) sakuTriv
miwieri movlenebi warmoadgens. aq msoflio sulis daba-
li nawilia CaRvrili, romelsac neoplatonikosebi bune-
bas (φύσις) uwodeben. bunebaSi arsebuli wesrigi da kanon-
zomiereba sulis am nawilis uSualo moqmedebis Sedegia,
romlis iqiT materiaa.

168
 samyaro arsis uknaskneli safexuria da pirveli
sawyisisagan momdinare Zala aq daklebulia. magram samya-
ro mTlianad da misi yoveli movlena inarCunebs arsebo-
bas, sikeTes da mSvenierebas, e. i. ar kargavs ontologi-
ur, eTikur da esTetikur Rirebulebas. gansakuTrebuli
sicxadiT es Sexeduleba Cans moZRvrebis im nawilSi, ro-
melic samyaros mSvenierebas exeba. plotine, wers v. vin-
delbandi, ,,mTeli energiiT uWers mxars grZnobadi samya-
ros mSvenierebis WeSmaritad berZnul aRiarebas”. da ,,Za-
lian marjved akavSirebs” moZRvrebis im nawils mis mier
warmodgenil ,,msoflios suraTis ZiriTad Tavisebure-
basTan”34.231plotine aRfrTovanebuli aqeb-adidebs ,,samya-
ros harmonias, gasulierebas da srulyofilebas”; ,,samya-
ro mSvenieria imitom, rom is ukanasknel saqmeebamdea
gamsWvaluli da naTeliT Semosili RvTaebrivi arse-
biT”35.232.
samyaro TviTonac xiblavs, plotines sityviT, da
atkbobs adamians Tavisi ,,grandiozulobiT da mSveniere-
biT” (V, 1, 4). aq, samyaroSi, ,,yoveli nivTi arsebobs ki-
dec” da raki arsebobs, mSveniericaa yovelTvis, radgan
is ,,monawileobs WeSmariti arsebis mSvenierebaSi”, da
,,rac ufro metad aqvs mas monawileoba, miT ufro meta-
daa srulyofili” (V, 8, 9) da, Sesabamisad, mSvenieric.
,,yoveli arseba am xilul smyaroSi inxavs Tavisi indivi-
dualuri arsebis Taviseburebas”, magram, amave dros, ,,er-
wymis yvela sxvas da erTiandeba masTan”. yoveli maTgani
ixilveba, ,,rogorc mTliani erTiani” (V, 8, 9). plotine
kategoriulad da Tavis moZRvrebis msoflmxedvelobriv
principebTan TanxmobiT gmobs imaT, vinc ,,kicxavs da
gmobs am samyaros” (V, 8, 8).
adamiani. msoflio suli mTel samyaros asulierebs
da gasuliereba samyaros yovel movlenaze vrceldeba.
maRali rangis movlenebSi axali, amaRlebuli unarebi
Cndeba – Tanmimdevrulad sicocxle, Semdeg mcenareuli,

169
cxoveluri da bolos adamianuri (gonieri) suli. adamia-
ni gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis sagans warmoadgens.
adamianis Sesaxeb moZRvrebis gasagebad unda gaviT-
valiswinoT, rom neoplatonuri moZRvreba ar mTavrdeba
mxolod samyaros warmoqmnis sakiTxis garkveviT. neopla-
tonizmis erT-erTi Tavisebureba, romliTac is sxva an-
tikuri moZRvrebebisgan gansxvavdeba, aris is, rom neop-
latonizmi dasrulebuli, Sekruli, SeiZleba iTqvas, Ca-
ketili sistemaa. arsi gamomdinareobs pirveli sawyisis-
gan da amave dros uku ubrundeba mas. mTeli sinamdvile,
pirveli erTianidan samyaromde, gamomdinareobisa da
ukudabrunebis ,,procesia”, gamomdinareoba-ukudabrunebis
maradiuli wre-brunvis ze-drouli, myisieri aqtia.
ganviTarebis tradiciuli forma, romelsac qvemoT
SevexebiT, da moZRvreba mis kanonzomierebaze neoplato-
nizmidan mimdinareobs da hegelis Sexedulebani am sa-
kiTxze prokles filosofiiT aris davalebuli.
ukudabruneba (ukuswrafva) mTeli arsis mdgomareo-
baa, magram es unari mxolod sulsa aqvs (amiT gansxvav-
deba suli sxeulisgan) da garkveuli kanonzomierebiT
xorcieldeba. yovelma arsma ukudabrunebis dros yvela
is safexuri unda gaiaros Tanmimdevrulad, romlebic
warmoqmnisas, emanaciis dros gaiara. arsi mxolod Tavis
uSualo mizezs ubrundeba da am gziT – yvela Semdgomi,
ufro maRali mizezebis meSveobiT, pirvel mizezamde un-
da amaRldes.
Tu emanacia dabla svlaa, ,,udaresad” qceva da Ri-
rebulebis klebaa, ukudabruneba, piriqiT, amaRleba, ga-
umjobeseba da Rirebulebis matebaa. pirveli sawyisi,
upirveles yovlisa, sikeTe da mSvenierebaa da, maSasada-
me, arsis ukuswrafva pirveli sawyisisken aris swrafva
sikeTisa da mSvenierebisken.
es zogadi Sexedulebani gansazRvravs adamianis
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas plotines moZRvrebaSi, mis
adgils arssa da samyaroSi. potenciurad yoveli adamia-

170
ni flobs gonier, gansjiT da mgrZnobiare suls, magram
plotine nebisyofis Tavisuflebis Tvalsazrisze dgas
da romeli saxis suli amoqmeddeba adamianSi (romeli
saxis suls daeufleba is ,,aqtualurad”) (VI, 7, 6), es
TviT adamianzea damokidebuli.
adamianis amaRleba ukudabrunebis dros mizezebis
SecnobaSi mdgomareobs. magram es aris amaRleba ara mxo-
lod gnoseologuri, aramed zneobrivi TvalsazrisiTac.
is TandaTan maRldeba arsis maRali safexurebis wvdo-
mis gzaze da TandaTanobiT arRvevs zneobriv srulyofi-
lebas.
netareba, plotines mixedviT, srulyofil cxovre-
baSi mgomareobs, xolo srulyofili cxovreba – azrov-
nebaSi, wminda azrovnebaSi, romelic ganwmendilia yo-
velgavri grZnobadobisa da vnebebisgan. ganwmenda
(κάθαρσις) niSnavs gandgomas sxeulisgan da yovelive imis-
gan, rac sxeulTanaa dakavSirebuli. plotines praqtiku-
li eTika calkeul saTnoebaTa (keTilmoqmedebaTa) Sesa-
xeb moZRvrebas warmoadgens, romelTa saTave kaTarzisia
da, romlebsac (yvelas erTad) kaTarzisi Seicavs.
prokle (412-485). neoplatonuri moZRvrebis dalage-
ba SeiZleba ,,damavali” meTodiT, romelic Cven plotines
SexedulebaTa gadmocemis dros gamoviyeneT, da ,,aRmava-
li” meTodiT, romlis tipur nimuSs warmoadgens. prok-
les mTavari filosofiuri Txzulebis _ ,,Teologiis
pirvelsafuZvlebis” me-20 Tavi, romelic Sexedulebas
gviqmnis ara mxolod prokles moZRvrebaze, aramed misi
azrovnebis analitikur Zalasa da logikuri msjelobis
ostatobaze. am TavSi naTqvamia, rom yovel sxveulze
maRla sulia, yovel sulze maRla moazrovne bunebaa
(goni), yovel moazrovne substanciaze maRla erTiania
(pirveli erTi, anu pirveli sawyisi)36.233.
dasabuTeba: marTlac, yoveli sxeuls imis gamo,
rom is uZravia Tavisi bunebiT, ar SeuZlia sakuTari Ta-
vi amoZraos, - moZraobs da cocxlobs, mxolod sulis

171
meSveobiT. sxeuli mxolod garkveuli mniSvnelobiT
aris TviTmoZravi da mxolod imis gamo, rom masSi suli
imyofeba, sxeuli TavisTavad sulis masSi aryofnis Sem-
TxvevaSi moklebulia moZraobis unars da moZraobs mxo-
lod sxviT. aseTia Tavad buneba misi.
suli Tavidanve TviTmoZravi arsebaa da arsSic is
imyofeba, imasve gadascems am unars. suli ufro adrea
imasTan SedarebiT, rasac is moZraobad aqcevs.
maSasadame, askvnis prokle, suli, rogorc Tavisi
arsebiT TviTmoZravi, ufro maRlaa, dazesTaebulia (igu-
lisxmeba – arsis safexurebriv wyobaSi) SedarebiT sxeu-
lebTan, romlebic moZravni xdebian mxolod imitom, rom
sulSi monawileoben. Tavis mxriv, TviTmoZrav suls ,,meo-
radi Tanrigi uWiravs” SedarebiT uZrav bunebasTan, ro-
melic uZravad rCeba Tavisi energiis mixedviTac. amgva-
rad, askvnis prokle, imis Semdeg, rac iTqva, naTeli xde-
ba, rom yovelive moZravs win uswrebs TviTmoZravi, xo-
lo yovel mamoZravbels _ uZravi. amitom, Tu TviTmoZra-
vi suli amoZravebs sxvas, aucilebelia, rom sulze adre
arsebobdes uZravi mamoZravebeli. aseTi swored gonia,
rac sxvas amoZravebs, Tavad ki uZravia da yovelTvis er-
Tnairad moqmedebs37.234.
rogorc sxeuli sulis meSveobiTaa moZraobis mo-
ziare, aseve suli gonis meSveobiTaa moziare azrovnebis
maradiulobisa. marTlac, azrovneba rom sulSi TavisTa-
vadi yofiliyo, maSin is yvela sulSi iqnebod mocemuli.
aucilebelia, rom sulamde arsebobdes pirveladi moaz-
rovne, xolo aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom aucilebelia
sulamde arsebobdes goni.
magram WeSmariteba moiTxovs, rom gonsac uswreb-
des win erTi (pirveli erTiani, sawyisi), radgan goni,
Tumca uZravia, magram ar aris erTiani. marTlac, goni
mxolod iazrebs Tavis Tavs d mxolod sakuTari moqme-
debis sagania, xolo mTeli arsi mTlianad eziareba pir-
vel sawyiss, rogorc erTians. amitom erTian gonze uf-

172
ro maRlaa da erTianze maRla aRaraferia, radgan erTi-
ani igive sikeTea, xolo sikeTe aris yovelives uzenaesi
sawyisi.
pirveli sawyisi, iseve rogorc plotinesTan, ,,Seuc-
nobadia da gamouTqmeli” proklesTanac, magram imave mo-
sazrebiT da iseTive safuZvlianobiT Semoaqvs is Secno-
badobis areSi: ,,TavisTavad erTiani, pirveli gamouTqme-
lia da Seucnobadi, magram misawvdomi xdeba warmoqmni-
lisa da masSi ukudabrunebulis meSveobiT”.
pirveli sawyisisa da samyaros erTianobis ideam,
romelic neoplatonizmidan momdinareobs da miwisa da
zecis dualizmis daZlevisken aris mimarTuli, didi
mniSvneloba moipova renesansis epoqis ideur cxovrebaSi.
nikoloz kuzanelTan es Sexeduleba gamoTqmulia maqsi-
mumisa da minimumis erTianobis, xolo jordano brunos-
Tan _ universumisa da individumis erTianobis ideiT,
,,maqsimumi, _ wers kuzaneli, _ imyofeba yovelive-
Si”38,235,,RmerTi aris yovelive erTad aRebuli, yovelive,
yvela nivTebi”39,236,,RmerTi yvela nivTSia, iseve rogorc
yvela isini _ masSi”40,237RmerTi TavisTavad aris deus
inpeicitus samyaro _ deus expeieitus.
universumi, _ wers bruno, _ ,,moicavs yovelives, is
aris yovelive”41,238universumi imyofeba yovel nivTSi da
yoveli nivTi _ universumSi.
mizezobriobis Sesaxeb prokles moZRvrebidan ga-
momdinareobs kidev erTi Sexeduleba, romelic samyaros
maradiulobas exeba da mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula
Sua saukuneebis azrovnebis ganviTarebaSi. pirvel sawyi-
sidan arsis gamomdinareoba myisieri, zedrouli proce-
sia da Tu maradiulia pirveli sawyisi, maradiulia ar-
sic (samyaroc). samyaro ,,marad gamomdinareobs, maradiu-
lia (Tavisi) arsebis mixedviT da maradiulia (misi) uku-
dabrunebac”42.239
prokles moZRvreba mizezobriobaze vrceldeba pir-
vel sawyisisa(rogorc mizezis) da samyaros (rogorc Se-

173
degis) mimarTebaze da gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxu-
rebs maTi erTianobisa da ontologiuri kavSiris Tval-
sazrisiT.
ganviTarebis pirvel sawyis safexurze arsi jer ki-
dev mizezSi arsebobs; is mxolod meore safexurze gamo-
eyofa mizezs da ,,warmoiqmneba”  (,,warmoiSoba”) imisTvis,
rom mesame, dasasrul stadiaze isev mizezs daubrundes:
,,’yovelive, rac gamowveulia mizeziT (e.i. arsis Sedegi _
S.x.) _  kidec rCeba Tavis mizezSi, kidec gamomdinareobs
misgan da kidec ubrundeba mas”43.240
mizezsa da Sedegs Soris erTdroulad arsebobs
msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis mimarTeba, radgan, rogorc
prokle wers, yovel arss, rogorc Sedegs, aucileblad
unda hqondes raime mizezisagan (sabolood pirveli mize-
zisgan), ris safuZvelze is mizezis moziare rCeba (ganag-
rZobs mizezSi monawileobas) da sabolood masve ubrun-
deba. ziareba (monawileoba, μέθεξις neoplatonizmis erT-
erTi ZiriTadi kategoriaa, romelic mTel arss erT
mTlianobad aqcevs.
Sedegis mimarTeba mizezTan dialeqtikuri mimarTe-
baa, romelsac Semdeg petriwi daazustebs, Sedegs gan-
sazRvravs mizezTan mimarTebaSi, rogorc ,,igive sxua”-s. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

174
 meSvide Tavi

efrem mcire
efrem mcires saxelTan, rogorc qarTuli kultu-
ruli aRmavlobis periodis (XI-XII ss-is) filosofiuri
azrovnebis pirvel warmomadgenelTan da fuZemdebelTan,
saqarTveloSi ori filosofiuri mimdinareobaa dakavSi-
rebuli _ aristotelizmi da neoplatonizmi _ orive
maTgans mniSvneloba hqonda saerTod Sua saukuneebis aR-
mosavleTisa da dasavleTis, da, kerZod, qarTul azrov-
nebaSi.
anton bagrationi efrem mcires, ioane petriwTan da
arsen iyalToelTan erTad, udides qarTvel moazrovned
Tvlida, ,,sakvirveli” sibrZnis moRvawed, ,,did kacad” da
,,saRmrTo filosofosad”.ioane bagrationis sityviT, ef-
remi iyo ,,filosofosi, ritori, mSvenieri da dialeqti-
kosi”, ,,ZnelTa hazrebTa.... damamtkicebeli”. man ,,aRzarda
swavlasa Sina qarTulisa enisasa ioane filosofosi da
aswavla berZnuli”.
dRevandel mecnierebaSi (n. mari, iv. javaxiSvili, S.
nucubiZe, s. gorgaZe, k. kekeliZe, iv. lolaSvili, m. rafa-
va, r. miminoSvili, da sxva.) efrem mcires damsaxureba
qarTuli kulturis istoriaSi da filosofiuri azris
ganviTarebaSi sayovelTaodaa aRiarebuli.
iv. javaxiSvilis sityviT, efrem mcire iyo SesaniS-
navi, sworupovari qarTveli mecnieri filologosi, fi-
losofosi da istorikosi”. mas ,,Cveni Taobis zneobriv
movaleobad” miaCnda efrem mcires memkvidreobis gamoce-
ma da Seswavla1.241.
samive gamoCenili qarTveli mecnieri (n. mari, iv.
javaxiSvili da k. kekeliZe) erTxmad aRniSnavs efrem
mcires did interess antikuri samyaros kulturis, fi-
losofiisa da miTologiisadmi, ris gamoc efrem mcire
devnas ganicdida. n. mari werda efremis cocxal inte-

175
resze ,,wina-qristianuli kulturisadmi”, Tumca xSirad
es kultura ,,Zveli saeklesio mamebis meSveobiT iyo” mo-
wodebuli. mas, rogorc novators, kicxavdnen wreebi,
,,romlebic misdevdnen sxva tradiciebs da avtoritets”.
iv. javaxiSvils aRniSnuli aqvs efremis ukmayofi-
leba im wreebiT, romlebic winaaRmdegni iyvnen ,,wminda
safilosofio moZRvrebebiT” da ,,metadre neoplatonuri
filosofiiT”. k. kekeliZis sityviT, ,,zogierTi misi Tan-
medrove sasuliero da saero piri efrems, mis moqmedema-
moRvaweobas eWvis TvaliT uyurebda”2.242.
rogorc qvemoT davinaxavT, efrem mcires filoso-
fiur Semoqmedebas da ideebs agrZeleben misi umcrosi
Tanamedroveni da imave epoqis moazrovneebi _ arsen
iyalToeli da ioane petriwi; TiToeuli maTgani Tavise-
burad da sakuTari Sexedulebebis TvalsazrisiT. erTi
maTgani aristotelikosia, meore _ neoplatonikosi.
Cvenamde moRweuli mcire biografiuli cnobebi ef-
remis Sesaxeb SesaZleblobas ar iZleva misi cxovrebisa
da moRvaweobis sruli suraTis warmosadgenad. Tanamed-
roveTa (iv. javaxiSvili, s. gorgaZe, k. kekeliZe) Sexedu-
lebis mixedviT, efrem mcire cxovrobda da moRvaweobda
XI s-is meore naxevarSi da is ioane petriwis mowafe ki
ara (rogorc n. mari fiqrobda), misi winamorbedi unda
yofiliyo. Cven vfiqrobT, rom amgvari qronologiuri mi-
marTeba ufro metad Seefereba sinamdviles da petriwis
filosofiuri moZRvreba efremis ideaTa gagrZeleba da
filosofiuri azrovnebis ufro maRali safexuria.
k. kekekliZes efrem mcire samxreT saqarTvelos
cnobili da gavleniani feodalis, vaCe kariWis Zis Svi-
lad miaCnia, romelic bagrat IV-is mefobis pirvel wels
(1207 w.) mefis politikisadmi opoziciurad ganwyobil
feodalTa jgufTan erTad bizantiaSi wasula. rogorc
Cans, efremis gvari im socialur da politikur brZola-
Si monawileobda, romelic mimdinareobda am dros qvey-
nis gaerTianebis momxreebsa da feodaluri partikula-

176
rizmis damcvelTa Soris. am brZolis erT-erTi mniSvne-
lovani ubani am dros samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelo iyo
da misi bizantiuri batonobisgan gaTavisuflebisa da sa-
qarTvelosTan SemoerTebis cdebi gvarovnuli aristok-
ratiis energiul winaaRmdegobas awydeboda.
bizantiuri orientaciis feodalTa ricxvs ekuT-
vnoda vaCe kariWis Ze da bizantiaSi emigrirebis dros
mas Tan wauyvania mcirewlovani vaJi efremi, romelmac
konstantinopolSi bizantiuri ganaTleba miiRo da
srulyofilad daeufla berZnul enas. Tavisi cxovrebis
mniSvnelovani monakveTi efrems antioqiis maxloblad,
Sav mTaze gautarebia. misi antioqiaSi gadasvlis mizezi,
rogorc k. kekeliZe fiqrobs, berZnebsa da bizantiis qar-
Tul koloniebsa da monastrebSi mcxovreb qarTvelebs
Soris urTierTobis gamwvaveba unda yofiliyo. rogorc
Cans, efrem mcire XI s-is bolos gardaicvala.
efrem mciris moRvaweoba didi mravalmxrivobiT xa-
siaTdeba. man mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana Sua saukune-
ebis qarTuli mecnierebis TiTqmis yvela dargSi. misi
didi da mravalmxrivi mTargmnelobiTi muSaoba emyareba
sakuTar mTargmnelobiT Teorias, romelic safuZvlad
daedo mTargmnelobiT muSaobas saqarTveloSi mravali
saukunis manZilze. am Teoriis mixedviT, Targmna Semok-
lebisa da damatebebis gareSe unda warmoebdes, orive
enis TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT; amave dros, ara
sityvasityviT, aramed iseTi sityvebis SerCeviT, romle-
bic adekvaturad gadmoscemen originalis azrs.
Zalian didia efrem mciris damsaxureba qarTuli
filosofiuri terminologiis gamomuSavebis saqmeSi. am
terminTa didma raodenobam dRevandlamde SeinarCuna Ta-
visi mniSvneloba. mag., arseba (οÙσία), raodenoba (ποσότης),
romeloba (ποίον), qvalitetis mniSvnelbiT, xedva (θεωρία)
– Wvretis, xedvis mniSvnelobiT, zogadi (κοινός), sayovel-
Tao (καθολικός), grZnoba (αŠσθησις), ocneba (φαντασία) da mra-
vali sxva.

177
 efrem mcires filosofiuri moRvaweoba Sua saukuu-
nebis ori didi moazrovnis – fsevdo-dionise areopage-
lisa da ioane damaskelis moZRvrebis qarTul sinamdvi-
leSi SemotaniT da gavrcelebiTaa gansazRvruli. man
jer dionise areopagelis saxeliT cnobili Txzulebe-
bis korpusi Targmna mTlianad da Semdeg ioane damaske-
lis ,,codnis wyaro”. orive maTganis Sexedulebani war-
moadgens antikuri filosofiis monoTeistur gadamuSave-
bas. magram orive maTganSi da gansakuTrebiT areopagi-
tul moZRvrebaSi, darCa principuli mniSvnelobis idee-
bi, romlebmac Tavisi antikuri mniSvneloba SeinarCunes
da progresuli roli Seasrules Sua saukuneebisa da
Semdeg axali drois filosofiis ganviTarebaSi.
amis garda, monoTeistur SexedulebebTan Seguebu-
li ideebi interess aRviZebda uSualod antikuri filo-
sofiisadmi. qarTuli filosofiis ganviTarebis Semdgom
etapze, romelic uSualod mosdevda efrem mcires, qar-
Tul enaze neoplatonikos prokles mTavari filosofiu-
ri Txzuleba iTargmna da petriwis filosofiuri Sexe-
dulebani prokles moZRvrebis safuZvelze Camoyalibda.
qarTuli azrovnebis istoriaSi es iyo neoplatonizmis
monoTeizmTan SeTanxmebis meore cda.

$1. ioane damaskelis filosofiuri Sexedule-

bani da maTi efrem mciriseuli interpretacia

ioane damaskeli (VIII s.) Sua saukuneebis qristia-

nuli aRmosavleTis erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili da
mniSvnelovani warmomadgenelia.Mmisi mTavari Txzuleba
_ ,,codnis wyaro” imdroindeli codnis Tavisebur, sqo-
lastikuri TvalsazrisiT gaazrebul enciklopedias
warmoadgens. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom misi mniSvneloba
ar amoiwureba mxolod aRmosavluri azrovnebiT; es
Txzuleba iTargmna papis evgenius IV-is gankargulebiT

178
LlaTinur enaze 1145/47 ww. da amis Semdeg sakmaod mniS-
vnelovani gavlena moaxdina dasavleTis, kerZod, petre
lombardielis da Toma akvinelis azrovnebaze3.243.
,,codnis wyaro” Sedgeba sami nawilisgan: filoso-
fiuri Tavebi, ,,mwvaleblur” moZRvrebaTa mokle mimo-
xilva da marTlmadidebluri rwmenis zusti gadmocema.
es ukanaskneli, avtoris CanafiqriT, Txzulebis Ziri-
Tad nawils warmoadgens. is maSinve iyo aRiarebuli
Sua saukuneebis bizantiaSi qritianuli moZRvrebis or-
Todoqsulad cnobili mimdinareobis dogmatikur sa-
fuZvlad da erT-erT yvelaze popularul wignad bi-
zantiasa da qristianul aRmosavleTSi.
ekonomiokuri, politikuri da ideologiuri wina-
aRmdegobani bizantiis imperiaSi moTxovnilebas zrdi-
da iseTi Txzulebisa da avtoritetisas, romelic moa-
xerxebda orTodoqsiis dasabuTebas da eretikuli ga-
daxvevebis Teoriul daZlevas. es Txzuleba imdenad
pasuxobda drois moTxovnilebebs, rom ,,codnis wya-
ros” da ioane damaskelis sxva Txzulebebs didxans ar
daukargavs mniSvneloba. isini iTargmneboda da vrcel-
deboda mravali qristiani eris enaze. ,,codnis wyaros”
is nawili, romelic exeba ZiriTad dogmatikur kiT-
xvebs da orTodoqsulad aRiarebul gadawyvetas iZle-
va, cnobili iyo am moZRvrebis ,,ucilobel gardamoce-
mad”.
qarTulad es Txzuleba orjer iTargmna: jer ef-
rem mcires da Semdeg arsen iyalToelis mier. sayura-
deboa, rom orive SemTxvevaSi gamotovebulia da uTar-
gmneladaa datovebuli misi meore nawili, romelSic
eretikuli mimdinareobania mokled gadmocemuli maTi
kritikuli SefasebiT.
ioane damaskelisa da efrem mcires dros, imis mi-
uxedavad, rom maTi moRvaweoba sakmaodaa dacilebuli
erTimeorisgan, filosofia da codna sakmaodaa SemoW-
rili religiis sakiTxebSi da Teologiasa da filo-

179
sofias Soris mWidro kavSiria damyarebuli. ioane da-
maskelis mixedviT, Semecneba aris gonieri sulis naTe-
li da gasagebia, rom misi sityviT, ,,araferia imaze me-
tad Rirebuli, vidre Semecneba”. amave dros ioane da-
maskeli erT-erTi pirvelTagania Sua saukuneebis az-
rovnebis istoriaSi, romelsac Teologiasa da filo-
sofias Soris kavSiri esmis, rogorc dedofalsa da
mxevals Soris arsebuli damokidebuleba.
efrem mcire wers, rom ,,safilosofo swavla”
aris iaraRi (,,isari”), romliTac SeiZleba ,,gareSeTa
maT filosofosTa” Zleva da mowinaaRmdegeTa kamaTis
(,,sityÂs-gebaÁ winaaRmdgomaÁ”) uvnebelyofa.
,,gareSeni” (οι έξω) qristianul samyaroSi farTod
gavrcelebuli gamoTqmaa da, rogorc vnaxeT, niSnavs
qristianuli moZRvrebisTvis miuRebel moZRvrebaTa
warmomadgenlebs. efrem mcire am terminSi antikuri
sibrZnis Sinaarss gulisxmobs4.244da ioane damaskelTan
erTad mas Teologiis faris (sacavis) rols aniWebs.
antikuri filosofia, efremis sityviT, aris ,,eklovani”
zRude, romliTac SemozRudulia Teologiis ,,ve-
naÃisa... nayofTa Sueniereba” da sanam ,,uSiganes ve-
naÃisa” SevidodeT da Teologiis Seswavlas daviwyeb-
deT, efremis mixedviT, saWiroa, gavicnoT damaskelis
Txzulebis is nawili, romelsac ,,filosofiuri Tave-
bi”, anu ,,dialeqtika” ewodeba. ,,dialeqtika”, arsebi-
Tad, aristoteles logikur da nawilobriv ontologi-
ur moZRvrebas warmoadgens5,245sadac uxvadaa gamoyene-
buli cnobili neoplatonikosis porfiriosis Sesava-
lic, romelic aristoteles ,,kategoriebs” hqonda dar-
Tuli da Sua saukuneebis pirobebSi masTan erTad
vrceldeboda.
filosofia, ioane damaskelTan, aristoteles
msgavsadaa ganmartebuli. esaa ,,mecniereba” arsis Sesa-
xeb da arsis bunebis codna (,,filosofobaÁ ars mecnie-
rebaÁ namdÂlveTa, ukeTu namdÂl raÁ arian”); esaa RvTa-

180
ebriv da adamianur saqmeTa codna (,,mecniereba saR-
mrToTa da kacobrivTa saqmeTa”); fiqri da zrunva sik-
vdilze (SemTxveviTi iqneba sikvdili, Tu bunebrivi,
,,wurTaÁ sikudilisa SemTxueviTisaÁca da bunebiTi-
saÁca”); amave dros, aris RmerTis msgavseba Cveni adami-
anuri SeZlebisa da sikeTis samsaxuris Ssabamisad
(,,msgavsebaÁ RmrTisaÁ Zalisaebr kacobrivisa, xolo
vemsgavsebiT RmerTsa samarTlisa Dda siwmindiTa da
saxierebiTa”); filosofia aris xelovnebaTa xelovneba
da mecnierebaTa mecniereba (,,ÃelovnebaÁ ÃelovnebaTaÁ
da moZRuarebaÁ moZRurebaTaÁ, rameTu filosofosobaÁ,
dasabami ars yovelTa ÃelovnebaTaÁ”). da bolos, fi-
losofia aris sibrZnis siyvaruli, xolo ramdenadac
umaRles sibrZnes, Sua saukuneebis azrovnebis mixed-
viT, RmerTi warmoadgens, filosofia aris RmerTis
siyvaruli (,,filosofosobaÁ ars siyvaruli sibrZni-
saÁ, xolo sibrZne WeSmariti RmerTi ars”)6.246.
Sua saukunebis es cnobili moazrovne aristote-
les misdevs im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac filosofiis
sxvadasxva dargebis sakiTxs exeba. ,,filosofosoba”
ganiyofebis Teoriul da praqtikul filosofiad
(,,xedviTad da saqmisad”). Teoriuli filosofiis nawi-
lebia logika, maTematika, bunebismetyveleba da sxv.7247
sainteresoa sakiTxebi, romlebic exeba, erTi
mxriv, arsisa (,,namdÂlisa”), substanciisa (,,arsebisa”)
da aqcidenciis (,,SemTxueviTis”), da, meore mxriv, gva-
risa (,,naTesavis”), saxisa da individumis (,,ganukueTe-
lis”) mimarTebas.
,,arsoba” yovelive arsebulis zogadi saxelia
(,,zogadi saxeli ars yovelTa arsTa”) da moicavs Ta-
vis SinaarsSi namdvil (,,WeSmarit”) arssac da SemTxve-
viTsac. ,,arseba” iseTi arsia, romelsac Tavisi safuZve-
li TavisSive aqvs da ara Tavis gareT (,,arsebaÁ ukue
ars saqme TaviT TÂsid sruli da araraÁsa moqene sxÂsa
,,srulmyofelisaÁ”), amitom is ,,Tavsa Soris TÂssa

181
srul-ars(ia)” da ,,ara sxÂsa mier srul iqmnebodes”.
,,SemTxveviTi” iseTi arsia, romelic ar SeiZleba iyos
,,TaviT TÂsiT srul” da misi sisrulis safuZveli mis
gareSea8.248.
,,codnis wyaros” am Sesaval nawilSi detalura-
daa garCeuli aristoteles kategoriebi, rogorc Se-
mecnebis uzogadesi gvarebi: arseba, raodenoba, Tviseb-
rioba (,,romeloba”), mimarTeba, dro, adgili, mdebareo-
ba, qoneba, moqmedeba da vneba; ganxilulia sakiTxebi
logikuri gansazRvrebisa, Semasmenlisa, gvarsa da sa-
xes Soris gansxvavebisa. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eq-
ceva ipostazis (,,uguamoÁs”) ipostazurobis
(`guamovnebis~) da araipostazurobis (`uguamo»sa~) mi-
marTebis sakiTxebs, romelTac did mniSvnelobas ani-
Webda dogmatika samebis pirTa mimarTebis garkvevis-
Tvis.
antikur idealizmSi idealuri da materialuri
sinamdvile (ori samyaro) gansxvavebulia maradiulobi-
sa da warmavlobis niSniT. unda gavarCioT da ganvsaz-
RvroT, _ werda platoni, _ erTi mxriv maradiuli, aR-
moucenebadi arseboba, marad igiveobrivi arsi, rome-
lic miiwvdomeba azrovnebiT, da, meore mxriv is, rac
marad aRmocenebis mdgomareobaSi imyofeba; aRmocende-
ba da imyofeba, magram arasodes ar arsebobs. esaa xi-
luli samyaro, romelic aisaxeba SexedulebebSi da
SegrZnebebSi9.249.
namdvili arsis aucilebeli niSani im memkvidreo-
baSi, romelic Sua saukuneebma antikuri filosofiis-
gan miiRo, maradiuloba da waruvalobaa. SeiZleba iT-
qvas, rom namdvilis aseTma moazrebam da, meore mxriv,
xiluli samyaros movlenaTa qcevadobam da warmavlo-
bam, gansazRvra antikuri idealizmis ZiriTadi miswra-
feba namdvili arsisa da WeSmariti codnis safuZvle-
bis Ziebisa xiluli samyaros farglebs iqiT.

182
 Sua saukuneebis azrovnebis ZiriTadi msoflmxed-
velobrivi principi gansxvavdeba antikuri idealizmis
principisgan, romelic ar SeiZleboda Sua saukuneebis-
Tvis bolomde misaRebi yofiliyo.
Sua saukuneebis gabatonebuli Sexeduleba xilul
samyaroze da damokidebuleba am samyarosadmi, gansaz-
Rvrulia axleburi da antikurobisgan arsebiTad gan-
sxvavebuli msoflmxedvelobrivi principiT. aq dogma
RmeTis mier qveynis arafrisagan Seqmnis Sesaxeb mono-
Teizmidan momdinareobs da kreacionizmi gansxvavdeba
antikuri idealizmisgan. amdenad, Sexeduleba xiluli
samyaros moCvenebiTobaze mxolod iseT SemTxvevaSi Se-
iZleboda darCeniliyo ZalaSi, Tu xiluli samyaros
warmavlobisa da moCvenebiTobis Sexeduleba kreacio-
nistul dasabuTebas moipovebda. ioane damaskelma es
amocana, erTi mxriv, warmavalisa da Seqmnilis da, meo-
re mxriv, maradiulisa da Semqmnelis cnebebis gaigive-
biT gadawyvita. warmavalia swored is, rac Seqmnilia,
da piriqiT, maradiulia is, rac Tavad Seuqmnelia da
mxolod Semqmneli SeiZleba iyos. ioane damaskelma es
amocanac Taviseburad gadaWra.
,,codnis wyaros” TavSi, romelic RmerTis arsebo-
bis dasabuTebas isaxavs miznad (,,gamoCinebaÁ, viTarmed
ars RmerTi”), vkiTxulobT: ,,yovelni ese arsTaganni
anu agebulni (Seqmnilni) arian, anu augebelni (Seuq-
mnelni)”. yoveli agebuli aris amave dros ,,ueWvelad”
qcevadi, ,,rameTu romelTa yofad qceulebisagan iwyes,
amaT ueWvelad Tana edvas qceuleba ca anu ganxrwna-
dobiTa, anu nebisa SecvalebiTa”. xolo ,,augebelni”
logikurad ,,ueWvelad uqcevelca arian”10.250amgvarad,
yoveli arsi an Seqmnilia, an Seuqmneli. is, rac Seqmni-
lia, aucileblad (,,ueWelad”) cvalebadicaa, radgan is
arsebobad iqca da amitom aucileblad cvalebadobac
axasiaTebs da gaxrwnac... xolo, rac Seuqmnelia, is

183
logikuri TanmimdevrobiT aucileblad aris uqceveli
(e. i. aracvalebadi da maradiuli).
aqedan ori mniSvnelovani daskvna gamomdinareobs:
1. yovelive Seqmnili ar aris namdvilad arsebuli, da
2. Tu arsi Seqmnilia, maSin, rogorc es giorgi merCu-
les TxzulebaSi vnaxeT, unda arsebobdes misi Seuqmne-
li, maradiuli Semoqmedi.
ioane damaskeli aRiarebs oTxi elementis cnobil
Teorias, magram masSi is seTi Sesworeba SeaqvT, rom
elementebi kargavs sawyisis (da maradiulobis) niSans,
ramdenadac RmerTi Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi mTeli
arsis Semoqmedia, cxadia, rom oTxi elementi Seqmnili
arsis sferos ganekuTvneba. haeri aris ,,wulili, notia
da mÃurvale” nivTi, - ,,cecxlisa umZimesi, xolo queya-
nisa da miwisa esubuqesi”11,251wyali – erT-erTi oTxTa
nivTTagania, ,,Suenieri qmnulTa Sina RmrTisaTa”, misi
Tvisebebis mixedviT aris ,,notia da gril, mZime da
STaRmarT maval”12,252miwa, romlis gamosaxatavad efrem
mcire termins ,,queyana” iyenebs, aris erT-erTi ,,oTxTa
nivTTagani, Ãmeli da notia, mZime da uZravi”13.253da bo-
los, cecxli aris nivTi ,,usubuqesi da uzemavalisi
maT sxuaTasa, Semwuveli da ganmanaTebeli, romeli igi
pirvelsave dResa daibada dambadeblisa mier”14.254.
Sua saukuneebis moazrovneTa warmodgeniT, mze
planetaTa ricxvs ekuTvnis da maT cTomilebi, anu
,,macTurebi” imitom ewodebaT, rom ,,winaaRmdgomad cisa
Zvrisa hyofen moZraobasa”. ca aRmosavleTidan dasav-
leTisken moZraobs, xolo cTomilebi – dasavleTidan
aRmossavleTisken.
cTomilebi ganlagebuli arian dedamiwisgan da-
Sorebis principiT, maSindel codnis Sesabamisad. yve-
laze uaxloesi mnaTobi mTvarea, yvelaze daSorebuli
– saturni. maT Soris aris iupiteri, marsi, mze, venera,
merkuri. mzis daniSnulebaa dRis ganaTeba, mTvarisa –
Ramis ganaTeba. amgvarive TanmimdevrobiT arian ganla-

184
gebulni es mnaTobebi ioane damaskelis TxzulebaSi.
magram sayuradReboa, rom efrem mcires mier Sesrule-
bul qarTul TargmanSi es Tanmimdevroba darRveulia.
aq planetaTa saxelebi berZnuladaa mocemuli da ase-
Ti TanmimdevrobiT warmodgenili: ,,xolo SÂdTa maT
macTurTa saxelebi ese ars: mze, mTovare, zevs (iupite-
ri), ermi (merkuri), are (marsi), afrodite (venera), kro-
nos (saturni)”15.255.
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani da Sua saukuneebis piro-
bebSi Znelad gadasawyveti kiTxva, romlis garkvevis
cda mocemulia ioane damaskelTan, nebis Tavisuflebas
exeba. es sakiTxi adre wamoiWra Sua saukuneebis qris-
tianul azrovnebaSi da misi gadawyveta Tavidanve da-
uZleveli winaaRmdegobis winaSe aRmoCnda. erTi mxriv,
RmerTi moazrebulia, rogorc absoluti, romelic ga-
nagebs mTel samyaros da adamianis moqmedebas; meore
mxriv, aRiarebulia, rom adamiani codvaSi vardeba da
unda agos pasuxi Tavisi moqmedebisTvis. kuno fiSeri
am sakiTxze avgustinesTan dakavSirebiT wers: sistemis
es ori mTavari cneba ,,erTmaneTTan winaaRmdegobriv mi-
marTulebaSi imyofeba: RmerTis cneba moiTxovs upiro-
bo nebelobas, xolo upirobo nebeloba iseT winaswar
gansazRvrulobis cnobas, romelic gamoricxavs Tavi-
suflebas. magram Tavisuflebis gareSe ar arsebobs
codva, ar arsebobs xsnis moTxovnileba, xolo am uka-
nasknelis gareSe ar arsebobs gamoxsna”16.256.
avgustine cdilobda es winaaRmdegoba ise gadaeW-
ra, rom adamianis TavisuflebisTvis adgili daetove-
bina: ,,RmerTma misca adamians Tavisufleba, man is da-
karga imiT, rom codva Caidina; amis gamo codva gadaiq-
ca memkvidreobiT codvad”17.257
ioane damaskelic analogiurad cdilobs proble-
mis gadawyvetas.
RmerTma adamiani Seqmna ..TÂTmflobelad” (Tavisu-
fal arsebad). unda miviRoT, vkiTxulobT ,,codnis wya-

185
roSi”, rom adamiani Tavadaa ,,dasabami” Tavisi moqmede-
bisa da aris TviTmflobeli ,,saqmeTa TÂsTa ze-
da”18.258TviTmflobeloba adamianis gonierebisgan gamom-
dinareobs da Serwymulia (,,Seqsulia”) gonierebasTan
(,,sityÂerebasave Tana”). rogorc gonieri arseba, adamia-
ni ,,ufal da TÂTmflobel ars saqmeTa” TvisTa; gan-
sxvavebiT pirutyvebisagan, romlebic ,,bunebiT” moqme-
deben, ,,arca winaaRudgebian bunebiTsa aRZrvasa” da ma-
Ti saqmenic ,,myis aRZrvasave Tana miedevnebian” (bune-
biT aRZruli grZnobebis Sesabamisad moqmedeben).
adamiani, rogorc gonieri arseba, ufro metad Ta-
vad marTavs bunebas, vidre ,,TÂT yvanebul iqmnebis mis
(bunebis) mier”. mas aqvs ,,Ãelmwifeba” daTrgunos kidec
bunebiT aRZruli survilebi (,,nebebi”) da aasrulos ki-
dec gonieri gansjis Sesabamisad (,,Ãelmwifeba aqus
aRÂr-sxmadca da aRsrulebad nebebisa mis”).
adamianis gonierebasa da ,,TÂTmflobelobaze” am
Sexedulebebis miuxedavad, ioane damaskeli gamoTqvams
iseT mosazrebebs da imdenad did mniSvnelobas aniWebs
RvTaebriv gangebulebas, rom nebelobisa da arCevanis
TavisuflebisTvis arsebiTad adgili aRar rCeba.
RmerTs ,,ganekuTvnebis” d misi ,,dambadeblobiTi Zali-
sagan” momdinareobs, rogorc yvelafris ,,arasagan ar-
sad moyvana” (arafris qceva arsad, myofad), agreTve,
adamianis ,,Soba... da Seqmna”; maTi ,,marTeba da pyroba”,
,,dacva” da ,,mimTxueva keTilTa”.
RmerTi aris erTsa da imave dros ,,Semoqmedic”
da ,,ganmgebelic”. ,,Seutyuebel ars” (SeufardobiTia)
arsTa Semoqmedisa da ganmgeblis gaTiSva erTmaneTis-
gan19,259da amitom mis nebas ,,veravin winaaRudga”; ,,hne-
bavs (mas) pyroba soflisa da ipyrobebvis da yoveli,
raodeni ra hnebavs, iqnebis”20.260.
rogorc es aRniSnulia samecniero litera-
turaSi, ioane damaskeli Tavis ,,mTavar wyaroebs” _
porfiriossa da aristoteles _ ,,sakmaod zustad

186
aRadgens”. magram mas ,,Seaqvs masSi mxolod zogierTi
cvlilebani da damatebani im mizniT, rom isini qristi-
anul moZRvrebasTan SesatyvisobasSi moiyvanos da Seu-
guos qristianuli dogmatikis moTxovnilebebs”21.261am
cvlilebebs xSirad didi msoflmxedvelobrivi mniS-
vneloba aqvs. magram Teologiis batonobis pirobebSi
antikur da porfiriosisa da aristoteles ideebs mxo-
lod am gziT SeeZloT Semosvla da Semdeg TandaTan,
konkretuli pirobebis mixedviT, garkveuli damouki-
deblobis mopoveba. efrem mcires komentarebSi, rome-
lic man ioane damaskelis naSroms daurTo, garkveul
siaxles aqvs adgili.
rogorc zemoT iyo naTqvami, efrem mcirem ioane
damaskelis ,,codnis wyaros” mxolod pirveli da mesa-
me nawili Targmna. meore, polemikuri nawili - ,,mwva-
leblobaTa Sesaxeb mokled” – TargmanSi gamotovebu-
lia22.262.
efrem mcire damaskelis filosofiur da Teolo-
giur nawilebs Soris garkveul zRvars atarebs, arse-
biTad asxvavebs ,,filosofiur Tavebsa” da ,,orTodoq-
saluri rwmenis aucilebel gardamocemas”, maT komen-
tirebas cal-calke iZleva.
,,gardamocemaÁ...”, efremis sityviT, ,,saeklesio”
moZRvrebaa da calke aRebuli, ukmarisia im mniSvnelo-
biT, rom ar akmayofilebs droisa da pirobebiT wamo-
yenebul moTxovnebs, amitom saeklesio moZRvrebisTvis
aucilebeli xdeba kavSiri codnis dargTan, romelsac
efrem mcire, rogorc vnaxeT, ,,gareSesa” da ,,safiloso-
fios” uwodebs: ,,dialeqtikaSi” Semavali Tavebi da
maTSi warmodgenili Sexedulebani ,,gareSeTa wignTa
da safilosofosoTa swavlulebi saganni arian”23,263maT
garkveuli da aucilebeli mniSvneloba aqvT da amitom
gamarTlebuli da saWiroa maTi, efremis sityviT, ,,da-
tevnaÁ enasa Cuensa”. efrem mcire dgas im pirobebis si-
maRleze, romlebmac Teologiisa da filosofiis kav-

187
Siri aucilebeli gaxada, da ara mxolod ,,gareSeTa”
winaaRmdeg Teoriuli brZolisTvis, aramed Teologiis
pozitiuri dasabuTebisTvis. filosofiis gareSe SeuZ-
lebelia rogorc ,,gareSeTa” winaaRmdeg brZola, ag-
reTve, Teologiis pozitiuri dasabuTeba: ,,TÂnier amaT
sityaTasa sxuebr SeuZlebel ars sityÂsgebaÁ winaaR-
mdgomTaÁ”, warmarTi, antikuri filosofosebis im Sexe-
dulebaTa uaryofa, romlebic Teologias ewinaaRmde-
geba, SeiZleba efremis azriT, mxolod ,,maTiTave isri-
Ta”24.264.
magram im debulebis aRiarebasTan erTad, rom fi-
losofia Teologiis zRudis movaleobas asrulebs,
maT Soris, efremis mixedviT, dedoflisa da msaxuris
mimarTeba ar arsebobs.
aucilebelia rogorc saeklesio, agreTve, antiku-
ri filosofiis Seswavla, radgan codnis ,,sisrule”
orive maTgans gulisxmobs. arc filosofiur nawilSi
mocemuli codnaa ,,sruli” Teologiis gareSe da arc
Teologiuri (,,saeklesio”) moZRvrebaa sruli filoso-
fiis gareSe25.265.
vfiqrobT, rom sworia S. nucubiZe, romelic, miu-
xedavad msgavsebisa - ,,umetes nawilSi” – efrem mciresa
da ioane damaskels Soris, mniSvnelovan gansxvavebas
xedavs: imdroindelma qarTulma ,,sazogadoebrivma gan-
viTarebam Tavisi qna da efrem mcirem daarRvia damaske-
liseuli daqvemdebarebis, subordinaciis principi fi-
losofiasa da Teologias Soris. man wamoayena axali
saxe am urTierTobis gagebisa. Teologiasa da filo-
sofias Soris ara daqvemdebarebis, ara subordinaciis,
aramed Serwymis, koordinaciis urTierTdamokidebule-
bis Sesaxeb. rogorc filosofia saWiroebs Teologias,
ise Teologia filosofiaso – acxadebs efrem mcire26.266

188
$2. areopagituli moZRvrebis ZiriTadi ideebi

wina TavebSi Cven SevexeT fsevdo-dionises prob-

lemas msoflio mecnierebaSi, misi saxeliT cnobili
Txzulebebis sakiTxs petre iberTan mimarTebaSi. axla
ganvixiloT areopagituli moZRvrebis ZiriTadi Sina-
arsi da misi mniSvnelobis sakiTxi Sua saukuneebis aR-
mosavleTisa da dasavleTis azrovnebaSi.
es moZRvreba neoplatonizmis, gansakuTrebiT ki
prokles Sexedulebebis gadamuSavebis safuZvelze Ca-
moyalibda aRmosavleT romis imperiaSi, warmaval anti-
kurobasa da axal kulturas Soris ideuri winaaRmde-
gobebis gamwvavebis pirobebSi. imperatori iustiniane
iZulebuli gaxda 529 wels specialuri ediqti gamoeca.
antikuri filosofiuri, ufro zustad neoplatonuri
skolebis akrZalvisa da daxurvis Sesaxeb. amiT gza ga-
daeketa antikur filosofias da es yvelaze metad See-
xo neoplatonizms, rogorc am drois yvelaze gavrce-
lebul da mniSvnelovan mimarTulebas.
moxda is, rom am dros ukve arsebobda dionise
areopagelis saxeliT cnobili moZRvreba, romelic ne-
oplatonizmis qristianul gadamuSavebas warmoadgenda
da neoplatonizmis gavrcelebas uxsnida gzas monoTe-
istur samyaroSi. am garemoebam ganapiroba is, rom ne-
oplatonizmi Tavdapirvelad da Semdeg mravali sauku-
nis manZilze Sua saukuneebis filosofiaze areopagi-
tuli moZRvrebis saxiT axdenda gavlenas; a. harnakisa
da i. m. mitCelis aRniSvniT, ,,saeklesio Teologiis an
zogierT SemTxvevaSi mis niRab qveS”27.267
fsevdo-dionises Txzulebebi dasavleTisTvis
cnobili gaxda IX saukuneSi, irlandieli filosofo-
sis, sqolastikis fuZemdeblis ioane skot eriugenas
(daaxl. 810-877 ww.) meSveobiT, romelmac laTinur enaze
Targmna areopagituli korpusis nawili da sayuradRe-
boa, rom Tavad am moZRvrebis mniSvnelovani gavlenis

189
qveS moeqca. misi mTavari filosofiuri Txzuleba _
,,ganyofisaTvis bunebisa” fsevdo-dionises moZRvrebis
didi gavleniTaa dawerili. sayuradRboa, rom bertran
raselis azriT, dasavleTis azrovnebaze, ioane skot
eriugenas sakuTari Txzulebis gavlena bevrad ufro
mcire iyo, vidre fsevdo-dionises Txzulebis mis mier
Sesrulebuli Targmanisa: ,,fsevdo-dionises Targmanma...
didi gavlena moaxdian Sua saukuneebis azrovnebis gan-
viTarebaze”28.268unda iTqvas, rom ioane skot eriugenas
Txzuleba mravali mkvlevris, maT Soris b. raselis
mier, aRiarebulia panTeistur nawarmoebad, romelic
ewinaaRmdegeboda monoTeistur dogmatikas da gakic-
xul iqna papis honorius III-is mier 1225 wels.
eriugenam safuZveli Cauyara dasavleTis misti-
cizmis saxeliT cnobil mimarTulebas filosofiaSi,
romlis fesvebi fsevdo-dionises ideebamde midis. am
mimarTulebis warmomadgenlebi iyvnen, agreTve, bonaven-
tura (1221-1274) da maister ekharti (1260-1327), romelic
ganicdida fsevdo-dionisesa da erugenas gavlenas da,
aseve, gakicxul iqna sasuliero sasamarTlos mier ki-
olnSi 1327 wels debulebisaTvis _ ,,samyaro aris
RmerTi da RmerTi aris samyaro”29.269.
didi gavlena iqonia fsevdo-dionises Sexedule-
bebma renesansis epoqis cnobil moazrovne nikoloz
kuzanelze (1401-1464). fsevdo-dionise areopageli xSi-
radaa damowmebuli kuzanelis mier, rogorc ,,didi”,
,,udidesi” da ,,RvTaebrivi dionise areopageli”. cnobi-
lia isic, rom kuzanels brali dasdes panTeistur
eretikosobaSi im debulebis _ ,,RmerTi aris yoveli-
ve”30270– gamo, romelic fsevdo-dionises mTavari Txzu-
lebidan momdinareobs31.271.
bunebrivad unda CaiTvalos, rom saqarTveloSi,
rogorc uZveles qristianul qveyanaSi, neoplatoniz-
mis qristianulma gadamuSavebam ufro adre miipyro yu-
radReba da Semdeg filosofiis interesi warimarTa

190
uSualod antikuri neoplatonizmisken (prokles fil-
sofiisken). Tu gaviTvaliswinebT fsevdo-dionisesa da
petre iberis identifikaciis nucubiZe _ honigmanis Te-
orias, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom areopagituli korpusis
Targmna qarTul enaze qarTuli naazrevis Tavis kera-
Si dabrunebas niSnavda. am Teoriam gaafarTova ,,qarTu-
li neoplatonizmis” Sinaarsi da gazarda misi mniSvne-
loba qarTuli filosofiuri azris istoriaSi.
areopagituli korpusi oTxi Txzulebisa da aTi
epistolisgan Sedgeba: ,,saRmrToTa saxelTaTÂs” (Περί
θείων ÑνÒματων), ,,zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaTÂs” (Περί
οâρανίου ƒεραρχίας), ,,saeklesiosa mRdelT-mTavrobisaTÂs”
(Περί τÁς ™κκλησιαστικής ƒεραρχίας), ,,saidumlod RmrTis-
metyuelebisaTÂs” (Περί μυστικής θεολογίας) da EPepistole-
ni. es Txzulebebi cnobilia areopagituli korpusis
saxelwodebiT. igi mTlianad Targmna efrem mcirem XI-
is meore naxevarSi32.272.
am TxzulebaTa Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovania
,,saRmrTo saxelebi” da ,,saidumlo RvTismetyveleba”,
romelTa gareSe, miuxedavad maTi mcire moculobisa,
SeuZlebelia am moZRvrebis gageba da misi Tavisebure-
bebis garkveva.
areopagitul moZRvrebaSi pirveli sawyisis Sec-
nobadobis sazRvrebs iqiT gatanis tendenciam kidev
ufro mkveTri xasiaTi miiRo da sawyisi warmosdga, ro-
gorc arsebobaze da Secnobadobaze aRmatebuli, Seuc-
nobadi ze-arsi. magram igive antikuri tradicia gansaz-
Rvravda pirvel sawyissa da samyaros Soris aucilebe-
li kavSiris aRiarebas. rogorc vnaxeT, kavSirTa mra-
val saxeobebs Soris areopagitul moZRvrebaSi gan-
skuTrebuli mniSvneloba mizez-Sedegobriv damokidebu-
lebas eZleva.
filosofiis ZiriTadi _ pirveli sawyisis samya-
rosadmi mimarTebis _ kiTxva areopagitikaSi dialeqti-
kuri saxiT dgas, rogorc ontologiis Dda Semdeg gno-

191
seologiis sferoSi. RmerTis samyarosadmi mimarTebis
sakiTxi fsevdo-dionisesTan ori, erTmaneTis gamomric-
xveli debulebebiT aris gamoTqmuli. ontologiaSic
da Semecnebis TeoriaSic RmerTi _ ,,yovelTA Soris
yovel ars da arca ras Soris araraÁ”; Sesabamisad, is
,,yovelTa mier yovliTurT icnobebis da arca ras So-
ris araraÁT”33.273.
am principuli wanamZRvrebis Sesabamisad, areopa-
gitul moZRvrebaSi Semecnebis ori meTodi moqmedebs _
katafitikuri da apofatikuri (hoyofiTi da uaryofi-
Ti, efrem mcires terminebiT _ ,,waTqumiTi” da ,,ukuT-
qmiTi”). orive meTodi racionaluris sferoSi moqme-
debs. rodesac Cven pirveli sawyisis (RmerTis) ze-aRma-
tebulebis winamZRvridan amovdivarT, apofatikuri me-
TodiT vxelmZRvanelobT; piriqiT, pirvelsawyissa da
samyaros Soris kavSiris postulirebis SemTxvevaSi _
katafatikuri meTodiT.
apofatikuri meTodi emyareba sawyissa da samya-
ros Soris arsebul gansxvavebas (,,umsgavsobas”), kata-
fitikuri ki _ maT Soris msgavsebas. amitom katafiti-
kuri ,,msgavsebiT warmometyueli”34274meTodia; am me-
Tods saqme aqvs RmerTis samyaroSi ,,gamoCinebasTan” da
amitom is, agreTve, ,,gamoCinebiTi” meTodia35.275sayurad-
Reboa, rom fsevdo-dionise am meTods filosofiurs
(,,sibrZnis moyuarebiT”) uwodebs, gansxvavebiT meore,
apofatikuri meTodisgan, romelic aris ,,umsgavseobi-
Ti”, ,,gamouTqmeli da saidumloÁ” (mistikuri-S.x.)36.276
katafatikuri, hoyofiTi, pozitiuri meTodia da
mis saboloo mizans Seadgens gaarkvios, ra aris Rmer-
Ti, _ ,,raÁ igi ars”37.277es SesaZlebeli xdeba imis sa-
fuZvelze, rasac ,,miavlens’’ samyaros pirveli mizezi,
romelic rogorc ,,TÂiTsruli”, ,,TaviT TÂsiT Tavsa
Sina” sruli da ,,zeSTa savseba” _ ,,ganefineba” yoveli-
ve arsebulze da yovelives ,,aRavsebs TÂsisa srulebi-

192
sagan”,38278apofatikuri meTodi piriqiT, iZleva pasuxs
kiTxvaze _ ra ar aris RmerTi, ,,raÁ igi ara ars”39.279
fsevdo-dionises mTavari Txzulebis _ ,,saRmrTo-
Ta saxelTaTÂs” _ dasawyisSive dgas sakiTxi, romelic
mTeli moZRvrebis erT-erT ZiriTad sakiTxs Seadgens:
Tu RmerTi aris ,,zeSTaqmnuli yovlisa mecnierebisa”,
ra gziT da rogor SeiZleba misi saxeldeba, misi ,,sa-
xelebis” (gansazRvrebaTa) garkveva da SeiZleba Tu ara
saerTod misi predikacia40.280moZRvrebis am nawilis Zi-
riTadi mizani isaa, rom am kiTxvaze dadebiTi pasuxi
gasces da pirveli sawyisis Secnobadoba daasabuTos.
ufro metic, rogorc vl. loski SeniSnavs, gansxvave-
biT sxva moazrovneebisgan, romlebic Tanmimdevrulad
da bolomde icaven RmerTis Seucnobadobis Sexedule-
bas (da RmerTis winaSe garindebis met gzas aRar tove-
ben), fsevdo-dionise did mniSvnelobas aniWebs Tavisi
moZRvrebis pozitiur nawils da ,,daJinebiT lapara-
kobs RvTaebis saxelTa realur mniSvnelobaze, asabu-
Tebs ra amiT katafatikur RvTismetyvelebas”41.281
moZRvrebaSi dasabuTebuli da gamarTlebulia ka-
tafatikuri meTodis didi mniSvneloba da aucileblo-
ba, pirveli sawyisis (RmerTis) predikacia, misi moazre-
ba dadebiTi gansazRvrebebis formiT, rac, rogorc iT-
qva, emyareba RmerTsa da samyaros Soris ontologiur
kavSirs (RmerTi ,,yovelTa Soris yovel ars”) da Rmer-
Tis, rogorc ,,yovelTa arsTa mizezis” gansazRvras im
Sedegebis mixedviT, romlebic arsSi da maT Soris,
samyaroSi vlindeba42.282
sayovelTao mozezi, rogorc pirveli sawyisi,
aris yovlad sruli da erTi43.283 sisrule logikurad
moiTxovs ,,erTs”, radgan winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi (sawyi-
si rom mravali yofiliyo) is SezRuduli iqneboda da
srulyofilebas dakargavda. pirveli sawyisi ,,yovelTa-
ve zeSTa aRmatebiTi”, ganuzomeli, ganusazRvreli da
,,mouklebelia”, da aris erTi, romelic Tavidanve Sei-

193
cavs TavisTavSi, neoplatonizmis msgavsad, mTel arss
da, rogorc ,,zeSTa savse” da ,,dautevneli”, ,,aRavsebs”
mTel arss da samyaros ,,TÂsisa srulebisagan”44.284ara-
feria arsSi iseTi, rom pirveli sawyisisagan ar momdi-
nareobdes da masSi ar monawileobdes (misi moziare ar
iyos).
pirveli sawyisis gansazRvreba, misi predikacia
garkveuli kanonzomierebiT xdeba, gansazRvrebebi sam-
yarodan, xiluli sinamdvilidanaa aRebuli, magram
areopagitul moZRvrebaSi, neoplatnizmis msgavsad, sam-
yaro Tavad warmoadgens rangobrivad ganlagebul, met-
naklebadi Rirebulebisa da mniSvnelobis, pirveli saw-
yisidan met-naklebi ,,manZiliT” dacilebuli movlene-
bis erTobliobas, romlebsac fsevdo-dionise anawi-
lebs ,,patiosan”, ,,saSuval” da ,,ukanaÁsknel”45285rigis
movlenebad. maT sxvadasxva mniSvneloba aqvT RmerTis
Secnobis TvalsazrisiT. umaRlesi rangis predikatebi
ufro metad Seefereba pirvelsawyiss, ufro metadaa
misi msgavsi. ,,saSuvali” ufro metadaa dacilebuli da
,,ukanaÁskneli” kidev ufro metad, Tumca arc erTi maT-
gani araa misgan mTlianad mowyvetili. amitom maTi Se-
mecnebiTi Rirebuleba araa mTlianad uaryofili.
pirveli sawyisis umaRles gansazRvrebas warmo-
adgens sikeTe (efrem mcire aq iyenebs termins ,,saxiere-
ba”). es niSnavs, rom pirveli sawyisi, pirvel yovlisa,
aris sikeTe da es predikati mas yvelaze metad Seefe-
reba, pirveli sawyisi rogorc sikeTe efineba yoveli-
ves, aZlevs mas arsebobas. sikeTis ganfena da arsebo-
bis miniWeba sayovelTao da yoveliveze gamouklebliv
moqmedebs; ,,arca erTi ars xilulTagani, sada-igi ara
miiwevis zeSTa gardareuliTa sididiTa TÂsTa brwyin-
valebaTaÁTa”46.286yoveli calkeuli movlena ,,saxieris”
wyalobiT isaxeba da isaxeba imdenad, ramdenadac ,,Za-
luc” mas ,,miemsgavsos” da Sesaferisi forma miiRos.

194
 yovel arsebuls ,,saxierebisagan RmrTisa aqus
simtkice dgomisaÁ, da mis mier ars damyarebaÁ maTi da
SemokrebaÁ da cvaÁ da urTierTas erTbamobaÁ”47.287Rmer-
Ti ,,Semohkrebs” da ,,Tavis mimarT TÂsisa” moaqcevs yo-
velives da aris mravalgvarobasa da warmavlobaSi er-
Tianobisa da simtkicisa safuZveli.
sikeTisgan momdinareobs pirveli sawyisis Semdegi
gansazRvreba _ naTeli: ,,saxierebisagan ars naTeli da
saxe ars saxierebisaÁ”. naTeli igive sikeTea, yovel
SemTxvevaSi, misi yvelaze ufro adekvaturi ,,saxe”, misi
,,saCinoÁ xati”48.288areopagitikis avtori mimarTavs neop-
latonizmidan momdinare da misTvis Cveulebrivsa da
gavrcelebul analogias, romelic areopagituli moZ-
RvrebisTvisac Cveulebriv saxed iqca, RmerTis samya-
rosadmi mimarTebis rTuli da Sua saukuneebis azrov-
nebisTvis saxifaTo sakiTxis gasarkvevad: pirveli mi-
zezi iseve gananaTlebs yovelive arsebuls, rogorc
misi ,,saCinoÁ saxe” _ ,,didi ese da yovlad mbrwyinvale
da maradis mnaTobi mze”.
Semdegi adgili pirveli sawyisis gansazRvrebaTa
sistemaSi uWiravs mSvenierebas (efrem mcires terminiT
_ ,,keTils”) – ,,esreT iqebis saxiereba..., viTarca keTi-
li da viTarca sikeTe”. am ganszRvrebs avtori TiTqmis
sikeTis mniSvnelobas aniWebs: ,,igive ars da erT saxie-
risaTÂs keTil saxeldebaÁca”49.289
mSveniereba pirveli sawyisis iseTive aucilebeli
da absoluturi niSania, rogorc sikeTe RmerTis, ro-
gorc mSvenieris daxasiaTebis dros fsevdo-dionise
imowmebs (avtoris dausaxeleblad) platonis cnobil
debulebebs ,,nadimidan”, romlebic mSvenierebis daxasi-
aTebas exeba. mSvenieri ,,ars, viTarca yovlad keTili
(mSvenieri – S. x.) da tanad zeSTa yovelTa keTilTa
maradis arsi masve zeda sikeTisa masveobasa. da arcaRa
ras moipovebs, arca warswymeds, arca aRorZindebis,
arca moakldebis, arca amiT ra»Tme keTil ars da imiT

195
ra»Tme ara keTil, arca odesme ars da odesme ara ars,
arca vieTme mimarT keTil ars da vieTme mimarT ZÂr,
arca aqa sadme oden ars da iqi sadme ara, viTarmca vi-
eTme mimarT saxier iyo da vieTme mimarT ara saxi-
er”50.290
mSvenierebis didi mniSvneloba fsevdo-dionises
moZRvrebaSi gasagebia. arsis swrafva pirveli sawyisi-
sadmi maradiul wrebrunvaSi: pirveli sawyisi – arsi –
pirveli sawyisi, _ mSveniereba gvevlineba ,,viTarca si-
yuaruli da sayuareli” da sikeTesTan erTad sayovel-
Tao swrafvis sagani. amitomaa, rom sikeTesTan erTad
mSvenierebis ,,mier arian yovelni Semokrebani da megob-
robani da ziarebani”51,291sikeTisa da mSvenierebis ,,mi-
marT suris yovelTa yovelsave zeda mizezTa da ara
raÁ ars arsTagani, romeli ara miiRebs rasme keTilisa
da saxierebisagan”52.292
fsevdo-dionises sityviT, sikeTe da mSveniereba
ar-arszec vrceldeba. imasac ki vityviT, wers igi, rom
,,ar-arsica miiRebs keTilisa da saxierebisagan” da ami-
Taa gansazRvruli, rom sikeTe da mSvenierebaa, erTad
aRebuli, yoveli arsebulis mizezi53.293
pirveli mizezis Semdegi ZiriTadi predikatia ar-
si. pirveli mizezi aris ,,pirveli myofi”, romlisaga-
nac momdinareobs ,,yovelTa arsTa” arseboba (,,yofa”).
Tu pirveli mizezis ,,yofa” misi sisrulisgan gamomdi-
nareobs da pirveli mizezis upirveles gansazRvrebas
ar warmoadgens, calkeuli arsebebis yofa pirveli mi-
zezisgan upirvelesad miRebuli gansazRvrebaa: ,,sxua-
Ta yovelTa” Soris, rac arsebuls pirveli mizezisgan
,,miaqus” _ ,,pirvel yovlisaa yofa miaqus”54.294arsebu-
lis monawileoba (,,ziarebaÁ”) pirvel mizezSi aris,
pirvel yovlisa, masSi, rogorc arsSi monawileoba.
pirveli mizezis arsebiTi predikatebia agreTve
sicocxle (,,cxorebaÁ”), sibrZne, WeSmariteba, mSvidoba
da a.S. pirveli sawyisis predikacia eSveba qveviT da

196
amgvarad is yvela predikats (yovel gansazRvrebas, yo-
vel ,,saxels”) moicavs, dawyebuli saxieriT da damTav-
rebuli ,,lodiT”, ,,kldiT” da iseTi gansazRvrebiTac,
rogoricaa ,,TÂT igi... matli”55.295.
aqve unda SevexoT erT problemas, romelic neop-
latonizmidan Semoitana areopagitulma moZRvrebam
qristianul azrovnebaSi da, romelmac didi mniSvne-
loba moipova, kerZod, qarTuli azrovnebis istoria-
Sic. esaa sikeTis monizmis problema.
sikeTis monizmi maniqevelobis diametralurad sa-
pirispiro Sexedulebaa da misi Taviseburebebis garkve-
va yvelaze naTlad maniqevelobasTan SedarebiT SeiZ-
leba, miT umetes, rom maT Soris istoriuli, faqtob-
rivi kavSiri arsebobda da sikeTis substanciurobis
principi qristianobis maniqevelobis gavlenisgan dac-
visaken iyo mimarTuli. maniqeveloba dualisturi moZ-
Rvrebaa da sawyisTa dapirispirebis erT-erT aspeqts am
moZRvrebaSi, rogorc vnaxeT, keTilisa da borotis da-
pirispireba Seadgens. fsevdo-dionises moZRvreba monis-
turia da misi erT-erTi Tavisebureba sikeTis monizmia
_ TanmimdevrobiT da azrovnebis simkacriT gatarebu-
li monizmi.
sikeTe neoplatonizmsa da areopagitul moZRvre-
baSi Tavad RmerTia da misgan mxolod sikeTe momdina-
reobs. sikeTe, am Sexedulebis didi qarTveli moazrov-
nis poetisa da SoTa rusTavelis sityvebiT, RmerTisa-
ganaa ,,movlenili”, borots, piriqiT, ,,RmerTi... ar daba-
debs”.
aseTi Sexedulebis pirobis qveS bunebrivad dgeba
sakiTxi – raRaa boroteba? da fsevdo-dionises erT-
erT did kiTxvas es warmoadgens _ ,,raÁ ars siboro-
te?”. aqvs Tu ara mas dasabami da Tu aqvs, ,,romlisa
dasabamisagan dabadebul ars?” da radganac dasabami
erTia, rogor SeiZleboda boroteba sikeTes warmoeq-
mna? Tu davdeqiT im Tvalsazrisze, rom boroteba sxva

197
mizezisgan aris warmoqmnili, maSin dgeba sakiTxi – ar-
sebobs Tu ara saerTod ,,sxua mizezi arsTaÁ, Tvnier
saxierisa?”56.296.
fsevdo-dionise kategoriulad uaryofs dualzms
_ ori sawyisis daSvebis SesaZleblobas. SeuZlebelia,
rom sikeTe da boroteba ,,sxÂsa da sxÂsa dasabamisa d
mizezisagan iyvnes”, radgan ,,orobaÁ” saerTod ar egue-
ba ,,dasabamis” cnebas. yoveli ,,orobaÁ” erTobisgan
aris warmoqmnili, Tavad ,,erTobaÁ ars dasabam yovli-
sa orobaÁsa”57.297RmerTis gverdiT meore sawyisis daS-
vebis pirobebSi RmerTi ar iqneba ,,uvnebeli” da Tavi-
sufali Sinagani ,,aRmaSfoTeblisagan”, da samyaro iq-
neboda ,,uweso da maradis mbrZol”58.298
boroteba arc sikeTisgan SeiZleba momdinareob-
des. fsevdo-dionise xSirad imeorebs, rom ,,ara RmrTi-
sa mier ars boroti” da radgan sawyisi mxolod erTia,
borotebas saerTod sawyisi ara aqvs, is sawyisiseuli
ar aris da am mniSnelobiT ar arsebobs: ,,ara ars bo-
roti”59.299,,yovelni arsni keTilisagan arian da yovel-
Ta Soris arsTa ars keTili da yoveli Semoukrebies
keTilsa”60.300avtoris vrceli msjelobani imiskenaa mi-
marTuli, rom uaryos borotebis arseboba arsis yvela
movlenaSi, dawyebuli umaRlesi safexuridan nivTieri
samyaroTi damTavrebuli.
ar arsebobs boroteba arc angelozTa Soris da,
rac ufro sayuradReboa, arc eSmakTa Soris; ,,bunebiT
borotni” arc eSmakebi arian. boroteba ar arsebobs
arc pirutyvTa Soris, arc bunebis movlenaTa Soris
saerTod, arc sxeulebSi da ,,arcaRa mraval-gansmenil
nivTsa Sina”61.301.
fsevdo-dionises Sexedulebebisa da problemis
swori gagebisTvis aucilebelia imis gaTvaliswineba,
rom naTqvami ar niSnavs borotebis empiriuli, anu
fsevdo-dionises sityviT rom vTqvaT, SemTxveviTi arse-
bobis uaryofas. fsevdo-dionise pirdapir pasuxs iZle-

198
va am kiTxvaze: ,,borotisa yofa SemTxueviTad ganiwese-
bodnen”62.302gasagebi rom gaxdes saboloo pasuxi boro-
tebis neoplatonur da areopagitul gagebaze, unda ga-
vixsenoT, rom, am moZRvrebis mixedviT, mTeli arsi si-
keTiTaa gamsWvaluli, magram arsi rangobrivad (areo-
pagitikaSi ierarqiulad) ganlagebuli movlenebis er-
Tobliobaa da maTSi sikeTe, iseve rogorc yoveli saw-
yisiseuli niSani, met-naklebi ,,odenobiT” aris mocemu-
li. arsis warmoqmna, rogorc emanacia, pirveli sawyi-
sidan momdinare energiis da maT Soris, sikeTis kle-
bas warmoadgens, da es kleba sikeTisa aris boroteba
mis empiriul arsebobaSi. gansxvavebuli axsna borote-
bisa fsevdo-dionisesTvis gamoricxulia da sakuTari
Sexeduleba aseTi formiT aqvs gamoTqmuli: ,,eseRa da-
uSTa borotsa, raÁTa uZlureba iyos da mokleba keTi-
lisa”63.303(sxva adgilas: ,,borot ars mokleba keTilisa-
gan”).
amiTaa gamowveuli da SemTxveviTi araa, rom bo-
roteba fsevdodionisesTan uaryofiTi gansazRvrebebiT
aris daxasiaTebeli: ,,usworobaÁ, usagnobaÁ,... ukeTure-
baÁ..., ucxoelobaÁ..., ugonebobaÁ, usityuelobaÁ,... usru-
lobaÁ,... umizezobaÁ”64304da a.S., sadac yoveli calkeu-
li, aq warmodgenili gansazRvrebis dadebiTi forma
sikeTis niSans warmoadgens.
apofatikuri meTodi, rogorc vnaxeT, amodis pir-
vel sawyissa da samyaros Soris gansxvavebis da dapi-
rispirebis winamZRvridan da misi Sedegebi iseve upi-
rispirdeba katafatikur daskvnebs, rogorc maTi amosa-
vali debulebebi. pirveli sawyisidan arsisa da bolos
samyaros warmoqmna daklebaa, samyaro daklebulia pir-
vel mizezTan SedarebiT, magram Tavad pirveli sawyi-
si, rogorc absoluturi sisrule, rCeba mouklebeli
da ,,yovelsave ganzomvisa da sazRvrisa zeSTa garda-
fenili”; mouklebeli rCeba misi ,,mocemis”, ,,aRmocene-
bis” da ,,moqmedebis” unari. rogorc ,,zeSTa arseba

199
(Øπέρ οÙσία), is ,,miuwvdeneli”, ,,gamouTqumeli” da ,,ga-
moukuleveli”65.305amitom ,,zeSTaqmnulia yovlisa mecni-
erebisa”, aRemateba yovelgvari codnis farglebs da
mis SesaZleblobebs; ar SeiZleba misi ,,arca grZnobaÁ”,
,,arca ocnebaÁ” da arc ,,saxeldebaÁ”.
fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, pirveli sawyisis
(RmerTis) cnebis garkveva misi predikatebis uaryofiT,
maTi ,,ukuTqumiT” ufro metad gvaaxlovebs masTan. da
radganac, rogorc iTqva, RmerTis orgvari – dadebiTi
_ filosofiuri da uaryofiTi _ mistikuri Semecnebis
meTodi arsebobs, mas pirvelsawyisis wvdomisTÂis apo-
fatikuri meTodis gamoyeneba ufro Sesaferisad miaC-
nia. pasuxi kiTxvaze _ ,,raÁ igi ara ars, _ wers fsev-
do-dionise, _ esoden moeswavebis, romel... usakuTres
mgonies misTÂs”66.306.
,,umsgavsoebiT saCinoebis” meTodi RmerTis cnebas
aklebs da auqmebs im predikatebs, romlebic mas kata-
fatikam miawera, magram katafatikisgan gansxvavebiT,
romelmac umaRlesi predikatebiT daiwyo da umdable-
siT daamTavra, apofatika iwyebs RmerTisTvis yvelaze
Seuferebeli predikatebis uaryofiT da adis umaRlesi
gansazRvrebebis uaryofamde. sabolood, predikatebis
Tanmimdevruli gamoklebiT da uaryofiT apofatika mi-
dis RmerTis yovelgvari gansazRvrebebis, TviT misi
RvTaebriobisa da arsebobis uaryofamde. RmerTi ar
aris arc ,,lodi”, arc ,,haeri” da sxv. magram ufro sa-
yuradReboa, rom is ar aris ,,arca RmrTeeba” da arc
arseboba. igi ,,arca Zal ars, arca naTel, arca cxore-
ba, arca arseba ars, arca saukune, arca Jam, arca WeS-
mariteba ars,... arca sibrZne, arca erT, arca erToba,
arca RmrTeeba gina saxiereba”.
aseTia RmerTis racionaluri codniT miRweuli
Sedegebi. katafatikam garkveuli codna aago, apofatika
am codnis uaryofamde mivida. apofatikuri daskvnebi
TiTqos uaxlovdeba pirvelmizezis, rogorc usasru-

200
los, absoluturi srulyofilebis arsebas im mxriv,
rom usasrulo da ganusazRvreli ,,daWerilia” ganu-
sazRvrel formaSi. magram codnis es forma moklebu-
lia garkveulobas da sabolood midis codnis sagnis
realobis uaryofamde. racionaluri codnis Tvalas-
zrisiT is arcodnaa.
orive codna pirvel mizezis samyarosadmi mimar-
TebiT aris gansazRvruli da Tumca mimarTebani safuZ-
velSivea winaaRmdegobrivi, magram racionalizmis far-
glebSi orive codnaa gamarTlebuli da orive swori.
orive meTodi saWiroa, orive ,,jer ars”. ramdenadac, _
wers fsevdo-dionise, _ RmerTi aris sayovelTao mize-
zi, amdenad gamarTlebulia yoveli arsis RmerTis
msgavsad ,,dadeba” da misi predikacia; ramdenadac is
,,zeSTa yovelTa ars”, amdenad gamarTlebulia yvela
predikatis uaryofa, gamokleba: ,,jer ars ukue yovel-
Ta amaT arsTa saxovnebisaÁ msgavsebad missa dadeba da
waTqumaÁ misTÂs, viTarca yovelTa mizezisaTÂs, da kua-
lad maT yovelTaÁTve usakuTresad ukuTqumaÁ, rameTu
zeSTa arsTa yovelTa ars Semoqmedi igi ar-
sTaÁ”67.307orive codna Tanmimdevrulia, magram ramdena-
dac wanaaRmdegobrivi maTi winamZRvrebi da amosavali
debulebani, amiTaa ganpirobebuli maTi daskvnebis wi-
naaRmdegoba da dapirispireba.
katafatikam da apofatikam codnis antinomiuri
xasiaTi daadastura, sadac yovel debulebas Tavisi
sapirispiro debuleba moeZebneba. racionaluris sfe-
roSi orive meTodi moqmedebs, magram rodesac Semecne-
ba pirvel sawyisisken miemarTeba, cxadi xdeba cal-
mxrivoba da ukmarisoba racionaluri codnisa da am
sferoSi moqmedi meTodebisa.
pirveli mizezi, rogorc yovel gansazRvrebaze
ze-aRmatebuli, rogorc ,,zeSTa arseba, zeSTa RmerTi
da zeSTa saxiereba”, _ scildeba racionaluri codnis
SesaZleblobis farglebs. pirveli mizezi amaRlebu-

201
lia mis meTodebze, hoyofasa da uaryofaze. Cven, adami-
anebi, _ wers fsevdo-dionise, _ vaxdenT (,,vhyofT”) pre-
dikatebis ,,matebasa da moklebas” uzenaesis gansaz-
Rvris mizniT, Teorm TviT mas amiT ,,arca ras vhmatebT,
arca ras movaklebT”68.308
areopagituli moZRvreba imave problemis winaSe
dgas, romlis winaSec neoplatonizmi idga. racionalu-
ri azrovnebis saSualebani orive moZRvrebaSi ukmarisi
aRmoCnda pirveli sawyisis codnisTvis da yuradReba
misi wvdomis sxva formebis Zirebisken warimarTa. gamo-
savali orive SemTxvevaSi iracionalizmSi, mistikur
xedvaSi daisaxa. im metaforuli gamoTqmebis mixedviT,
romlebsac fsevdo-dionise mimarTavs da Semdeg ,,vef-
xistyaosanSi” gvxdeba, katafatikuri gziT miRebuli
codna garkveuli, ,,naTeli” codnaa, apofatikuri – ga-
urkvevelia da ,,bneli”. magram ,,naTelia” da ,,bneli” es
codna, racionaluris TvasazrisiT ganxilvis SemTxve-
vaSi. sul sxva viTreba iqmneba RmerTis mistikuri
wvdomis pirobebSi.
RmerTi ,,naTelia”, ramdenadac ,,icnobebis”, ramde-
nadac ,,mecnierebis” farglebSi aris moTavsebuli da
masze SeiZleba garkveuli codna aSendes. magram, ro-
gorc vnaxeT, misi, rogorc ,,zeSTa arsebiT yovelTa
zeSTaaRmatebulebis” arc ,,grZnobaÁ” SeiZleba, arc
,,ocnebaÁ”, arc ,,mogonebaÁ” (moazreba). amdenad, SeiZle-
ba iTqvas, rom is ,,bneliT” aris moculi; man ,,dadva
bneli safarvelad TÂssa”69,309umecrebis nislSia gaxve-
uli (imyofeba ,,nislsa umecrebisasa” Sina) da ,,dumi-
lisa armuriTa” aris moculi70.310
areopagitul moZRvrebaSi mTavari is aris, rom
amiT ar amoiwureba misi saboloo pasuxi RmerTis
wvdomis kiTxvaze. cal-calke aRebuli ,,naTeli” da
,,bneli” ori sxvadasxva, dapirispirebuli mimarTebis
gamoxatulebaa. problema am dapirispirebuli warmod-
genebis gaerTianebaa, maTi erTianobis ontologiri sa-

202
fuZvlebis dasabuTeba. dasabuTeba imisa, rom dapiris-
pireba garkveul pirobebSi, saxeldobr RmerTTan, ro-
gorc usasrulosTan da ze-arsebasTan mimarTebaSi, er-
TmaneTs emTxveva. magram es dapirispirebulTa iseTi
gaerTianebaa, romelic SemdegSi kuzanelTan coincidentia
oppositorum-is principis saxiT Camoyalibda da arsebi-
Tad gansxvavdeba logikurad gaumarTlebeli da dauS-
vebeli contradictio in adjecto-sagan.
RmerTi, areopagitikis mixedviT, rogorc yovelive
zeaRmatebuli zeSTa arsi, aRmatebulia arsebobasa da
ararsebobaze. masSi moxsnilia winaaRmdegobani onto-
logiurad da es warmoadgens safuZvels winaaRmdego-
baTa moxsnisTvis SemecnebaSic, katafatikasa da apofa-
tikas Soris, ,,naTelsa” da ,,bnels” Soris. amitom
RmerTis xilva, rogorc xilva bnelisa, nislisa da
,,armuriT” moculisa, aris, am moZRvrebis mixedviT, mi-
si ,,namdÂlve xilvaÁ da cnobaÁ”71.311aq ,,bnelsa Sina”
RmerTi ,,ufroÁ brwyinavs” da ufro metad aRavsebs
adamians ,,uxilavisa zeSTa sikeTisa Svuenierebi-
Ta”72.312,,namdvili xilva” am SemTxvevaSi ar aris, cxa-
dia, pirveli sawyisis racionaluri Semecneba. es mis-
tikuri wvdomaa, romelic problemis sirTuliT aris
gansazRvruli da, iseve, rogorc neoplatonizmSi da
SeiZleba ufro metadac, epoqis sulieri atmosferoTia
nakarnaxevi.
usasrulobis problema axalma filosofiam neop-
latonizmisa da areopagituli moZRvrebidan miiRo mem-
kvidreobiT. amaTganve momdinareobs Sexeduleba dapi-
rispirebulTa morigebis da, maSasadame, usasrulobis
wvdomis SeuZleblobis Sesaxeb racionaluri codnis
farglebSi. kuzanels Semoaqvs inteleqtis cneba, ro-
melSic gansakuTrebuli unaris (visio) meSveobiT xdeba
dapirispirebulTa gaerTianeba. analogiuri viTarebaa
jordano brunosTan da spinozasTan im gansxvavebiT,
rom maTTan inteleqtualuri Wvretis cneba TandaTan

203
Tavisufldeba mistikuri elementebisgan, magram ucvle-
li rCeba Sexeduleba gonebis ukmarisobis Sesaxeb pir-
veli sawyisis wvdomisTvis.
SevniSnavT aqve, rom ,,azri coincidehtia oppositorum-
ze”, miCneuli ,,germanuli filosofiis erT-erT uRrmes
idead”73,313momdinareobs areopagitikidan, aseve, rogorc
kuzanelis mTavari Txzulebis saTauri – Docta
ignorantiae (,,swavluli arcodna”) da Sinaarsi saTaves
Rebulobs fsevdo-dionises moZRvrebaSi.
monoTeisturi religiis ,,gaamqveyniureba”, ro-
gorc vnaxeT, rwmenis sferoSi codnis SeWras warmoad-
genda. areopagituli moZRvreba erT-erTi adrindeli
da, amave dros, Zalian mniSvnelovani cdaa qristianu-
li religiis neoplatonizmis safuZvelze gadamuSave-
bisa. magram imis da miuxedavad, rogori iyo fsevdo-
dionises motivebi da miznebi, faqtia, rom mis moZRvre-
baSi darCa neoplatonizmidan momdinare Sexedulebani,
romelTa ,,gadamuSaveba” ver moxerxda da areopagitul
moZRvrebaSi Tavisi pirvandeli saxiT Semoinaxa.
amiTaa gamowveuli am moZRvrebisadmi gansxvavebu-
li da xSirad urTierT gamomricxveli damokidebule-
ba jer kidev Sua saukuneebis pirobebSi. mas eklesiis-
Tvis misaReb orTodoqsalur moZRvrebadac miiCnevdnen,
gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg, rac maqsime aRmsarebelma
(580-662) Tavisi komentarebiT areopagitika ,,SeuTanxma”
eklesiis oficialur Sexedulebebs74,314da eretikula-
dac75.315Sua saukuneebis filosofiis warmomadgenlebis-
Tvis, magaliTad, Toma akvinelisTvis, am moZRvrebaSi
iyo misaRebi debulebebic da miuRebelic.
areopagituli moZRvreba, _ wers al. losevi, _
Teoriulad da principulad sxvadasxva gzebs xsnis
adamianis winaSe. is iZleva safuZvels imisTvisac, rom
adamiani ,,CaZiruliyo... zegonebriv eqstazSi” da gan-
dgomoda amqveyniur cxovrebas, da imaTTvisac, ,,visac
surda ecxovra” cxovrebisa da sicocxlis ,,sixaruli-

204
Ta da tanjviT”. magram, da esaa sayuradRebo, ,,vinc Cas-
wvdomia areopagituli traqtatis _ ,,saRrmToTa saxel-
TaTÂs” – yvela siRrmeebs, is ar SeiZleba ar gancvif-
rebuliyo am traqtatSi gamoTqmuli filosofiuri az-
ris ganavardebiT yovelive adamianuris da gasuliere-
buli miwieris gamarTlebis mimarTulebiT”76.316Semdeg:
,,rom areopagitikis es mxare unda yofiliyo Zalian sa-
intereso renesansisTvis, amaze dava ar SeiZleba”77.317
Cven xSirad gviTqvams, rom areopagituli moZ-
Rvreba ar daiyvaneba apofatikaze. metic, udidesi nawi-
li moZRvrebisa damyarebulia katafatikur meTodze,
romlis ontologiur safuZvels pirvel sawyissa da
samyaros Soris kavSiri warmoadgens, da swored areo-
pagitikis am mxares unda hqonoda didi mniSvneloba im
gavlenis gasagebad, romelic moaxdina filosofiis
Semdgom ganviTarebaSi, kerZod, renesansis epoqis moaz-
rovneebze.
areopagituli moZRvreba rCeba neoplatonizmad
erT-erTi msoflmxedvelobrivi TvasazrisiT mniSvne-
lovan sakiTxSi, romelic samyaros warmoqmnis kanon-
zomierebas exeba. monoTeisturi kreacionizmis mixed-
viT samyaros warmoqmna pirovnuli RvTaebrivi absolu-
tis nebisa da misi Semoqmedebis, Zveli qarTuli termi-
niT – Sesaqmis Sedegia. fsevdo-dionises SexedulebiT
samyaros warmoqmna aucileblobiT aris gansazRvruli
da ar aris damokideuli RmeTis ,,ganzraxvasa” da ,,wi-
na-arCevanze”: ,,viTarca xiluli ese Cuengan mze, ara ga-
nizraxavs, arca wina-aRirCevs rasme, aramed TÂT bune-
biT ganmanaTlebel ars yovelTa”; aseve ,,TÂT bunebiT
igi saxierebaÁ”, RmerTi, Tavisi bunebiT, Tavisi arsebiT
afrqvevs sikeTes da arsebobas aniWebs yovelives78.318
es sityvebi gameorebaa plotines cnobili Sexedu-
lebisa: ,,scdebian isini, romlebic fiqroben da gvas-
wavlian”, rom samyaros Semqmnels ,,winaswar hqonda mo-
fiqrebuli Seqmnis gegma” (V, 8, 12). adamianebs, romle-

205
bic ase fiqroben, ,,is mainc unda SeegnoT da mieRoT
mxedvelobaSi, rom sanam idealuri samyaro (silamazi-
sa da sicocxlis) sinaTliT brwyinavs, manam SeuZlebe-
lia daiRupos misgan warmoqmnili grZnobadi samyaro;
am samyaros SeuZlia da unda iarsebos imdenive, ramde-
nic pirvelma”. magram idealuri samyaro maradiulia,
,,yovelTvis ise iqneba, rogorc iyo” (iqve), da aqedan
gamomdinareobs, rom samyaroc maradiulia.
fsevdo-dionises Sexedulebis anti-dogmatikuri
azri da misi mniSvneloba mravalma moazrovnem Seam-
Cnia, rogorc Sua saukuneebis pirobebSi, aseve axali
drois mecnierebaSi. maT Soris, areopagituli korpu-
sis pirvelma komentatorma maqsime aRmsarebelma da
Toma akvinelma (1225-1274). fsevdo-dionises citirebuli
sityvebis komentarebSi maqsime aRmsarebeli wers: ,,num-
ca vin hgonebs, viTarmca saxis SemoRebasa amas mzisasa
yovliTurT (ολοκλήρωςι) Tana SeatyuÀbda msgavsebasa
RmrTisasa didi dionisios”79.319mzisa da RmerTis ana-
logiis gageba ara ,,yovliTurT” maqsime aRmsarebelTan
miznad isaxavs RmerTis samyarosadmi mizezobrivi au-
cileblobis uaryofas da Sua saukuneebis tradiciuli
kreacionizmis Seuryevlobis dacvas.
samecniero literaturidan cnobilia, rom Toma
akvineli cdilobda fsevdo-dionises es adgili gaego
ise, rogorc maqsime aRmsarebels esmoda80.320magram, ro-
gorc sakiTxis detaluri da Rrma ganxilvis Semdeg h.
veertci askvnis, verc maqsimes da verc Tomas komenta-
ri ver cvlis mis pirvandel, fsevdo-dioniseseul (da
sabolood, neoplatonur) azrs81,321da azrTa arsebuli
sxvadasxvaobis miuxedavad, areopagituli moZRvrebis
dogmatikasTan mimarTebaze, Znelia amis uaryofa, rom
samyaros Seqmna fsevdo-dionises ,,esmoda, rogorc
RmerTis aucilebeli moqmedeba plotines azriT”82.322
saeklesio dogmatikisTvis (maT Soris, Toma akvi-
nelisTvis) miuRebelia, agreTve, fsevdo-dionises Sexe-

206
duleba arsis triaduli ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, rome-
lic imave neoplatonizmisa da, kerZod, prokles Tval-
sazrisidan momdinareobs.
rogorc vnaxeT, fsevdo-dionisesTan arsis tria-
duli, anu wriuli, ,,momrgvalebiTi moZraoba” sam mo-
ments Seicavs: yovelives arsebobas RmerTSi, gamomdina-
reobas (,,wina-gamomavlobas”) misgan da ukuqcevas mis-
ken. RmerTi amitom aris ,,yovelTa ukue arsTa mizez da
dasasrul”83,323,,dasabam da dasasasrul”84,324dasabami _
,,viTarca mizezi”, da dasasruli – ramdenadac ,,mis
ZliT arian yovelni” da masve ubrundebian. ganviTare-
bis amgvari koncefciisgan gamomdinareobs Sexeduleba,
romelic ewinaaRmdegeba RmerTis transcendenturobis
da samyaros droSi arsebobis princips.
RvTabrivi sikeTe ,,miiwevis" yovelive arsebulamde
– uzenaes arsTagan dawyebuli da ukanaskneliT damTav-
rebuli. masSia yoveli Semokrebili _ ,,viTarca yoveli
mpyrobelobiTiTa zRudiTa gare-SezRudvilni da Sec-
vulni; da romlisa mimarT yovelni miiqcevian, viTarca
TÂsisa TiToeulisa maTisa aRsasrulisa, da romlisa
suris yovelTa”85.325.
gansxvavebulia RmerTisken miqcevis formebi da
ierarqiulad ganlagebuli arsis da samyaroSi arsebu-
li sxvadasxva rangis movlenebis unarebi. cnobierebis
mqone sityvierni arsni misken Segnebulad miiswrafvian;
cnobierebas moklebuli grZnobadi arsi miiqceva
grZnobadobis meSveobiT; movlenebi, romlebic arian
,,unawiloni grZnobisagan” – miiqcevian pirveli mizezi-
saken maTSi ,,danergili” sicocxlis meSveobiT. xolo
movlenebi, romlebsac sicocxle ara aqvT da ,,mxolod
arsni” arian, miiqcevian Tavisi arsebobis meSveobiT,
ramdenadac maTi arseboba pirveli mizezis moqmedebis
Sedegia da yovel arss arseboba misganve aqvs miRebu-
li86.326

207
 zemoT gvqond aRniSnuli, rom efrem mcire icnob-
da Sexedulebebs, romlebic uaryofdnen areopagituli
moZRvrebis orTodoqsalur xasiaTs. gvqonda naTqvami
isic, rom efremi kategoriulad uaryofda fsevdo-dio-
nises amgvar gagebas. amgvari Sexeduleba imiT unda
aixsnas, rom areopagitul moZRvrebas is maqsime aRmsa-
reblis interpretaciiT icnobda da SemTxveviTi araa
rom areopagitul korpusTan erTad man maqsimes vrce-
li komentarebic gadmoTargmna. magram rogorc es ger-
manelma mecnierma h. koxma87327gaarkvia, da Cven es Rmer-
Tis samyarosadmi mimarTebis sakiTxis magaliTze davi-
naxeT, maqsime aRmsarebelma SeuTanxma fsevdo-dionises
moZRvreba eklesias da am gziT gaxada is misaRebi mis-
Tvis.

208
 merve Tavi

ioane petriwis filosofia

Sua saukeneebis kulturam berZnuli filosofia
upiratesad, neoplatonizmis saxiT miiRo. elinistur
epoqaSi mcxovrebi qristiani filosofosebi neoplato-
nizmTan brZolaSi yalibdebodnen da uku zegavlenasac
axdendnen masze. agnosticizmis, skepticizmisa da ekleq-
tizmisagan berZnuli filosofiis xsnis ukanaskneli di-
di mcdeloba – neoplatonizmi – yvelaze moxerxebuli
aRmoCnda axali msoflmxedvelobis ideologTaTvis. es
transformacia umtkivneulo sulac ar iyo da, Tanac,
SemoqmedebiT midgomas gulisxmobda. dasavleTis qristi-
anobisaTvis es samuSao avgustinem da boeTiusma Seasru-
les, aRmosavleTisaTvis – kapadokielma Teologebma da
,,areopagitikis” avtorma, muslimanuri smyarosaTvis –
al-qindim da al-farabim.
kulturis winsvla, amave dros, mis safuZvlebSi
CaRrmavebac, sakuTari fesvebis Ziebacaa. ase iyo Sua sau-
kuneebSic. ganviTarebulma Teologiam sqolastika war-
moSva, romelmac sakuTriv neoplatonizmis kvleva daiw-
yo. ganviTrebuli qristianuli kulturis safuZvelze
xelaxla aTvisebuli neoplatonizmi da neoplatonizmis
TvaliT danaxuli berZnuli msoflmxedvelobrivi az-
rovneba renesansis filosofiur safuZvlad iqca.
Zveli qarTuli filosofiis umniSvnelovanesi war-
momadgeneli – filosofosi, poeti da mTargmneli ioane
petriwi Sua saukuneebis filosofiis im xazs agrZelebs,
romelic qristianul kulturaSi kapadokiel moazrovne-
Tagan (grigol noseli, basili didi, grigol RvTismet-
yveli) modis da XI s. meore naxevarSi miqael fselosis
naazrevSi prokles neoplatonizms Seerwymis. misi moRva-
weobis Seswavlas mniSvneloba aqvs ara marto qarTuli

209
kulturis kvlevisTvis, aramed aleqsi komnenonis mier
adreve moSTobili bizantiuri renesansis ideebis bedis
dasadgenadac.
neoplatonuri ideebis ganviTarebas qristianul ev-
ropaSi, arabulenovan kulturaSi, somxeTsa da saqarTve-
loSi specifikuri gzebi aqvT. isini ganpirobebulia am
xalxTa kulturuli tradiciiT, socialur-politikuri
garemoTi da maT mier samomavlo gzis arCeviT.
qarTuli kultura mudam umaRles Sefasebas aZlev-
da petriwis moRvaweobas. swavluli kaTolikosi anton
pirveli (1720-1788) swored mis saxels ukevSirebs berZnu-
li filosofiis ,,moqarTulebas” da saqarTvelos ,,aTi-
nad” qcevas1.328antoni, albaT, SavTels uswordeboda, ro-
melic ukve XII saukuneSive werda _ ,,vnatri gelaTsa, mas
TviT eladsa”. petriwis moRvaweoba, ZiriTadad, gelaTSi
mimdinareobda.
tradicia petriws bizantiur filosofias ukavSi-
rebs. fiqroben, rom igi konstantinopolSi ganiswavla,
miqael fselosis (1018-1078), ioane italosis (1025-1082 ww.
Semdeg) wreSi. 1083 w. aleqsi komnenosis mier italosis
skolis darbevis Semdeg petriwi moRvaweobda bulgareT-
Si, petriwonis (dRevandeli baCkovo) monasterSi, rome-
lic petriwis Tanamemamule, dasavleTis didi domesti-
kosis grigol bakurianis daarsebuli iyo2.329petriwi ar
wyvetda kavSirs Tavis maswavlebelTan. n. mars amis sabu-
Tad miaCnda italosis werili abazg gramatikosisadmi,
rogorc erTguli da gabeduli Tanamoazrisadmi3.330mogvi-
anebiT petriwi daviT aRmaSenebelma mis mier daarsebul
gelaTis monasterSi miiwvia.
rac utyuaria Ppetriwis Sesaxeb es prokle diado-
qoxis ZiriTadi naSromis - ,,kavSirni RmTismetyuelebiT-
ni”-s – im komentarebSia mocemuli, romelic petriwma am
wignis sakuTar Targmans daurTo. aqedan naTelia, rom
igi warmoSobiT qarTvelia4,331savsebiT gacnobierebuli
aqvs Tavisi movaleoba mSobliuri kulturis winaSe5332da

210
mravali winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, SeZlo gaeumjobese-
bina qarTuli filosofiuri terminologia, Seeqmna ma-
Ralxarisxovani Targmanebi da originaluri komentarebi,
msoflmxedvelobrivi aspeqtiT ekvlia qarTuli etimo-
logia6,333Tumca darwmunebulia, rom TanamemamuleTagan
xelSewyobis pirobebSi gacilebiT mets gaakeTebda, ker-
Zod, Seqmnida ,,nivTisagan miuxebel” Teologias7.334isic
aRniSnulia, rom risi gakeTebac SeZlo, is daviTis ,,wya-
lobaTa da Tanadgomis” gamo gaxda SesaZlebeli8.335arse-
biTad es erTaderTi uSualo cnobaa petriwis moRvaweo-
bis droSi lokalizebisaTvis. amave komentarebidan Cans,
rom igi ucxoeTSi swavlobda9,336sadac kvleva-Ziebis uke-
Tesi pirobebi iyo. aRniSnulia isic, rom ,,kavSirnis”
Targmnamde mas nemesios emeselis naSromis Targmnaze
umuSavia (,,nemesiois wignisa Sewyobasa Sina mexar-
kna”)10.337marTalia, naSromis saxeli aRniSnuli araa, mag-
ram raki qarTul enaze am gamoCenili qristiani neopla-
tonikosis mxolod ,,bunebisaTvis kacisaa” (V s.) cnobi-
li, petriwis cnobas am faqtiT azusteben. garda aRniS-
nulisa, petriws miekuTvneba qristian wmindanTa saqebari
iambikoebi. isini qristefore metilenelis mibaZviTaa da-
werili, magram es maT originalobas ar ukargavs. mas mi-
aweren aristoteles ori Txzulebis _ ,,topika” da ,,gan-
martebisaTvis” – Targmansac, magram maT Cvenamde ar mo-
uRweviaT da sxv. da bolos, petriwis mier sakuTari pi-
rovnebis daxasiaTeba komentarebis ,,bolosityuai”-dan.
Tu komentarebis avtoris gulwrfelobas da Tavmdablo-
bas gavixsenebT. es cnoba savsebiT sandod unda miviCni-
oT: ,,me kaci davxudi lmobaTa Soris CemTa da mamadi
tkivilTa Soris gonebisaTa”.
petriwis Semdeg neoplatonuri filosofia im sa-
xiT, ra saxec man aTenis skolaSi prokle diadoqosTan
miiRo, qarTuli sulieri kulturis mniSvnelovani nawi-
li gaxda. igi ganuyoflad Seerwya proklesa da qristia-
nobis petriwiseul sinTezs da TandaTan mets mniSvnelo-

211
bas iZenda saqarTveloSi aristotelizmis (arsen iyal-
Toeli, CaxruxaZe), areopagituli neoplatonizmis (efrem
mcire) da aleqsandriuli neoplatonizmis gverdiT11.
338petriwis Semdeg sistemas SeWidebuli pirveli qarTve-

li filosofosi, rusulad kantze orientirebuli pirve-

li ,,logikis” Semqmneli solomon dodaSvili12339swored
petriwis neoplatonizmTan dakavSirebas Seecdeba, xolo
1918 w. 26 maiss axaldaarsebul qarTul universitetSi s.
gorgaZem ,,petriwis saxelobis filosofiuri sazogadoe-
ba” daafuZna, romelsac mis Semdeg d. uznaZe xelmZRvane-
lobda.
miuxedavad qarTul kulturaze didi gavlenisa,
petriwis memkvidreobis mecnieruli kvlevis dasawyisi n.
maris saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli. n. maris Sromam _ ,,ioa-
ne petriwi – XI-XII ss. qarTveli neoplatonikosi”, rome-
lic rusul enaze gamoica 1909 wels13340da 1914 w. nemesi-
os emeselis ,,bunebisaTvis kacisas” petriwiseuli Tar-
gmanis s. gorgaZiseulma gamocemam mkvlevarTa yuradReba
miapyro qarTvel filosofoss. magram petriwis kvleva
myar nidagze dadga, roca S. nucubiZem da s. yauxCiSvil-
ma ,,kavSirni RmTismetyuelebiTnis” petriwis mier Sesru-
lebuli Targmani da masze vrceli komentarebi gamosces
SesaniSnavi aparaturiT14.341.
S. nucubiZis, s. yauxCiSvilis, m. gogiberiZis, i. fan-
cxavas, k. kekeliZis, S. xidaSelis, T. kukavasa da i. lo-
laSvilis SromebSi petriwis msoflmxedvelobis mrava-
li aspeqtia ganxiluli. maTi poziciebis gansxvaveba da
xSirad dapirispirebac petriwis rTuli filosofiisa
da misi wyaroebis gansxvavebul aspeqtTa warmoCenas uw-
yobs xels da ufro nayofiers xdis kvlevas ,,tkivilTa
Soris gonebisaTa”, rac petriws eris maRali kulturi-
saTvis aucileblad miaCnda.
1941 w. petriwis ,,ganmartebaÁ” rusi mkiTxvelisaTvis
gaxda misawvdomi (mTargmneli i. fancxava, II gamocema _
1984 w.)15.342cnobili filosofosi a. losevi, romelmac

212
prokles swored es naSromi Targmna rusulad16,343did
Sefasebas aZlevs qarTveli moazrovnis komentarebs. igi
Tvlis, rom Tu dasavleTSi prokles umniSvnelovanesi
mimdevari nikoloz kuzaneli iyo, aRmosavleTSi amgvari
pativi ioane petriws ekuTvnis17.3441982 w. petriwi adgils
naxulobs berlinSi gamosul ,,filosofosTa leqsikon-
Si”, sadac aRniSnulia misi adgili, rogorc neoplato-
nizmis originaluri komentatorisa, romliTac iwyeba sa-
qarTveloSi renesansisaken svla da romelic komentire-
bis imgvar mecnierul meTods iyenebda, rogoric mogvia-
nebiT ibn-ruSdma da Toma akvinelma SeimuSaves18.345es me-
Todi naTlad asxvavebda erTmaneTisagan asaxsnel
teqsts da mis interpretacias. neoplatonikosebi Tavad
mimarTavdnen amgvar interpretacias platonisa da aris-
toteles teqstebisas. qristianuli filosofia karga
xans uars ambobda amgvar meTodze. Semdeg wmindanad miC-
neul avtorebzec gamoiyena igi. petriwi aq efremis mem-
kvidre Cans, romelic ioane damaskelis ,,dialeqtikis”
Targmanis winasityvaobaSi werda: ,,beri Cueni amas mibrZa-
nebdis, raÁTa wmindisa sityuaÁ martivad da Seuzaveblad
da Seuferxeblad vsTargmno da ukue raÁme Zalisa gan-
macxadebeli uÃmdes Cuensa enasa, igi kidesa zeda adgil-
adgil da Sesavalsa Sina Tavsa wignisasa davwero”19.346

$1. ioane petriwis filosofiis wyaroebi

ama Tu im filosofiuri moZRvrebis wyaro, farTo

azriT gagebuli, mTeli warsuli filosofia da kul-
turaa, amasTanave – is socialuri da sulieri garemo,
romelmac amgvari moZRvrebis SesaZlebloba da saWi-
roeba ganapiroba. viwro azriT ki, filosofiuri moZ-
Rvrebis wyarod iTvleba is kulturuli memkvidreoba,
romlisganac man sakuTari Sinaarsis garkveuli ele-
mentebi, anda, kvlevis ZiriTadi mimarTuleba aiRo. pet-

213
riwis moZRvrebis uSualo wyaroebia prokle diadoqo-
sis moZRvreba da qristianuli religia. maTi saSuale-
biT ukavSirdeba igi tradiciul filosofias da Teo-
logias. amitom wamoswevs igi plotines, porfiriusis,
iambliqosis, pavle mociqulisa da basili didis dam-
saxurebas. maTi daxmarebiT afasebs igi warsulis mo-
azrovneebs da sakuTari problemebis garkveveas cdi-
lobs. magram wyaroTa wyaro misTvis mainc platoni da
aristotelea. pirvelwyaroebisaken miswrafeba (ad
Fontes), romelic renesansis mesveurTa erT-erTi damaxa-
siaTebeli niSani iyo, petriwTan savsebiT gamokveTi-
lia. naTelia platonis upiratesi mniSvnelobac. igi
petriwisaTvis ,,RvTaebrivia”. aristotele ki adamianu-
ri geniaa, romelic Seudaerbelia, roca saqme amqveyni-
ur viTarebebs exeba, magram misi kritika mainc SesaZ-
lebelia. platoni ki umaRlesi avtoritetia, romlis
mxolod interpretaciaa gamarTlebuli. aristotele
miiReba imdenad, ramdenadac is platonis moZRvrebas-
Tan TanxmobaSia. ,,RmrTivi” da ,,didi” petriwTan is mo-
azrovnea, romelic upiratesad zegrZnobad, idealur
sferos ikvlevs. amitom am saxels iambliqosi imsaxu-
rebs20,347aristotele ki – ara, radgan petriwi xedavs,
rom mTeli sidiadis miuxedavad, aristotele upirate-
sad Teologi araa, maSinac ki roca uzenaesis Sesaxeb
moZRvrebas qmnis.
Ppetriwis platoni neoplatonurad gagebuli
platonia.Aamitomaa igi aRtacebuli prokles moZRvre-
biT.Ees epoqaluri Secdoma iyo. cnobilia, rom ,,rene-
sansis pltonizmi iyo namdvli renesansi neoplatoniz-
misa”21.348qarTveli moazrovne proklesTan imis ganxor-
cielebas naxulobs, rasac platoni gulisxmobda Ta-
vis dialogebSi. prokle misTvis platonis, ase vTqvaT,
..dauwereli moZRvrebis” amomxsnelia, man dialogebis
,,beWdulni da dafarulni... ganacxadna”, naTelyo, rom
maTSi mTavaria absoluturi erTisken (transcendentu-

214
ri RmerTisken) swrafva, romelic TviT plato-
nisTvisac ,,umwvervalesisaca gonebisagan miuwdomeli”,
rasakvirvelia, saerTod adamianisaTvis Seucnobadia.
ucnauri faqtia, rom petriwi prokles biografias ise
gadmoscems, rogorc hagiografebi mogviTxroben wmin-
danTa cxovrebas. Znelia davuSvaT, rom misTvis ucnobi
iyo prokles mier qristianobis kritika. saalbaToa,
rom am kritikis rig punqtebs qarTveli moazrovnec
iziarebda (mag., samyaros maradiulobis debulebas). aR-
saniSnavia, rom prokles mowafis, misi cnobili biog-
rafis marinisagan gansxvavebiT, igi gverds uvlis Te-
urgikis rols prokles moRvaweobaSi, samagierod naT-
lad da garkveulad gansazRvravs prokles damsaxure-
bas: man ara marto Seumecnebadi erTi amoikiTxa pla-
tonis dialogebSi da misken mimavali gzebi dasaxa,
aramed daamarcxa Setevaze gadasuli peripatoelni –
aristotelikosebi, romelnic erTaderT misaRebad lo-
gikur azrovnebas Tvlidnen da dapirispirebulobaze
maRla mdgomi Seumecnebadis arsebobas uaryofdnen22.349
petriwi filosofiis istoriis zedmiwevniT mcod-
nea. igi kargad erkveva ara marto ZiriTad mimarTule-
baTa ganxsvavebaSi, aramed iseT niuansebSic, rogori-
caa, magaliTad, aristoteles da aleqsandre afrodi-
sielis moZRvrebaTa mimarTeba, aseve aleqsandruli ne-
oplatizmis gviandeli warmomadgenlebis Sexedulebe-
bi23.350zogjer petriwi Tavad aristoteles akritikebs
platonuri (e.i neoplatonuri) filosofiis pozicii-
dan. misi sityvebi: TanamemamuleTagan Tanadgomis Sem-
TxvevaSi SemeZloo ,,mearistotelura da RmrTismetyve-
leba nivTisagan miuxebeli warmomeyena”24,351niSnavs ara
mis aristotelikosobas, aramed imas, rom aristoteles
msgavsad, logikurad da mwyobrad daalagebda Tavis
msoflmxedvelobas. aristotele misTvis adamianuri ge-
nia iyo, romelsac SeiZleba mibaZo, pretenzia ,,plato-
nurobaze” misTvis, albaT, mkrexeloba iyo.

215
 qristian TeologTa Soris petriwis komentarebSi
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba pavle mociquls eniWeba.
iseve, rogorc prokles brZola daiviwya qristianobis
winaaRmdeg, aq petriwi Tvals aridebs pavles mier sa-
erTod antikuri filosofiis uaryofas. pavle Tvlida
_ ,,sibrZne amis soflisai sicofe ars winaSe RmrTisa”
(I kor. 3,19). kliment aleqsandrielis kvalad, petriwi,
iseve, rogorc mravali qristiani moazrovne miiCnevda,
rom pavle mxolod epikurelebs gulisxmobda, radgan
yvelaze ufro isini imsaxurebdnen ama soflis sib-
rZnis saxels. aRsaniSnavia, rom petriwi mociquls ar-
sad ar iyenebs ZiriTad argumentad, aramed mxolod
imis saCveneblad, rom filosofia srul TanxmobaSia
TeologiasTan. magaliTad, mas, rasac pavle mama
RmerTs uwodebs, filosofosTan (igulisxmeba prokle
da misi saxiT mTeli platonuri xazi) erTi ewodeba,
xolo RvTis pirmSo sityvas _ qristes –guarTa guari
da sazRvarTa sazRvari25.352 
pavles saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli qristinobis
gadaqceva msoflio religiad. sxva mociqulTaTvis
qristianoba mxolod ebraelTaTvis iyo Seqmnili. roca
praqtikuli miznebisaTvis sWirdeboda, windaxeduli
mociquli filosofiasac iyenebda26.353nikoloz kuzane-
li mas udides Teologs uwodebda. es azri ukve avgus-
tinedan da ,,areopagitikidan” modis. pavles dros ber-
Znuli filosofia skepticizmis, epikuriezmis da stoi-
cizmis saxiT iyo warmodgenili. platonis akademiaSi
skepticizmis didi xnis batonoba antioqe askalonelis
wyalobiT mdare ekleqtizms Seecvala. platonis neop-
latonuri interpretacia, romelsac iseTive universa-
luri miznebi hqonda, rogorc Tavad pavles mier gage-
bul qristianobas, jer kidev Sors iyo. petriwisaTvis
orive saxezea da maTi Sinagani erTianoba misTvis eWvs
gareSea. es orives garkveul modifikacias moiTxovs.

216
 maT Soris, vinc petriwamde amgvar igiveobas am-
tkicebda, qarTuli kulturisaTvis didi mniSvneloba
hqonda ,,areopagitikas”. Aam naSromSi pavle Svidjeraa
moxsenebuli da 22-jer citirebulia. ,,areopagitikis”
avtors eWvic ki ar epareba mociqulisadmi Tavis er-
TgulebaSi, roca qristianul Teologias prokles
daxmarebiT agebs. magram petriwisagan gansxvevebiT, igi
RmerTis pirovnul Tavisufal nebas da saswaulis Se-
saZleblobas uSvebs.27354
petriwTan filosofia, rogorc pirvel sawyisze
moZRvreba, Teologiis msaxuri ki araa, aramed uigivde-
ba mas. platoneli filosofosi misTvis Sesaqmis, sam-
yaros Seqmnis mesaidumlea28.355am funqcias areopageli
RvTismetyvels, kerZod pavle mociquls aniWebs da mas
saswauls ukavSirebs29.356iseve, rogorc Tavad pavle
fiqrobda amas. am azriT, petriwi orives upirispirde-
ba, magram, cxadia, dausaxeleblad, radgan wmindanad
aRiarebul avtorTan kamaTi ar SeiZleboda. pavles ga-
moyenebis aspeqti man gamonaxa, areopagelTan morigeba
ki ufro Zneli iyo. albaT, amitom ar asaxelebs mas,
Tumca TiTqmis mTeli Sromis manZilze ekamaTeba, rad-
gan arsebiTad imave saqmes akeTebs (qristianobis da ne-
oplatonizmis SeerTebas), magram cdilobs ufro ma-
Ral doneze, ufro mecnierulad mis ganxorcielebas.
Znelia Tqma, icoda Tu ara man, rom ieroTeosi prok-
les azrebs imeorebda (araa gamoricxuli, rom es Ta-
vad ,,areopagitikis” avtormac ar icoda), magram aSka-
raa, rom proklesTan amave azrebis ufro safuZvlian
sistemas xedavda da igi qristian Teologebs gautola.
petriwisaTvis codnas Tavad mivyavarT rwmenis upira-
tesobasTan, romelic alogikuri ki ar aris, aramed
zelogikuria. Aalogikuri petriwisaTvis ,,ujerobas-
Tan”, Tavis TavTan winaaRmdegobasTan migviyvans da
amitom upirobod uarsayofia. petriwi neoplatonuri
erTis, rogorc sikeTis da siyvarulis gaigiavebis gav-

217
rcelebul principsac ar iyenebs. ,,siyuaruli” masTan
erTxel gvxdeba, isic empedokles moZRvrebis daxasia-
Tebisas. rac Seexeba ,,trfialebas”, emanaciis ZiriTadi
principis Tanaxmad, samyaro ar SeiZleba rmerTis
trfialebis sagani iyos, radgan igi usasrulod daba-
lia masTan SedarebiT.
Nneoplatonizmi sakacobrio kulturis universa-
lur sinTezad Tvlida Tavs.Pproklem bevri gaakeTa
elinur da qaldeul sibrZneTa gasaerTianeblad, mag-
ram qristianobaSi, anda iudaizmSi sasargeblos ver
xedavda.Ppetriwis sinTezi ufro momcvelia. warsulis
sam did kulturas: Zvel ebrauls, qaldeurs da ber-
Znuls igi kacobriobis mier umaRlesi arsis da si-
cocxlis sazrisis sam safexurad miiCnevs. maT Soris
ar iyo kavSiri, rogorc sam svets Soris, qristes moZ-
Rvreba, romelic arc erTi xalxis moZRvrebas ar ukav-
Sirdeba, emyareba da aerTianebs maT30.357universaluri
sinTezis amgvari gageba, romelic petriwis Sromis bo-
losityvaobaSia gamoTqmuli, ver eTanxmeba mTeli naS-
romis gamWol azrs imis Taobaze, rom aseT sinTezs
swored prokles moZRvreba iZleva. Tu ,,bolo-sityuas”
Sromis organul nawilad CavTvliT, maSin es da sxva
SeuTavseblobanic ZiriTad teqstTan mxolod koniuq-
turuli mosazrebebiT SeiZleba aixsnas.
,,bolo sityuai” Tavisi SinaarsiT araa erTgvaro-
vani da nawili, SesaZlebelia, petriwis am Txzulebas
ar ekuTvnodes. basili kesarielis saxels petriwTan
mxolod am ,,bolosityuaÁ”-Si vxvdebiT. rac Seexeba ba-
sils, is TanxmobaSia ZiriTad teqstSi gatarebul ide-
ebTan sikeTis monizmis, borotebis ararsebobis, e. i.
mxolod sikeTis klebad misi gagebis Sesaxeb. basils
didi gavlena hqonda Zvel qarTul kulturaze, misi
,,swavlaTa” efTvime aTonelseuli Targmani, X s. meore
naxevars rom ganekuTvneba, qarTuli kulturis mniSvne-

218
lovani Zeglia, Tumca ,,bolo-sityuaÁs” avtori am Tar-
gmaniT ar sargeblobs31.358
specialur kvlevas moiTxovs miqael fselosis da
ioane italosis mimarTeba petriwTan. am kavSirze
miuTiTebs, rogorc moZRvrebaTa Sinaarsi, aseve,
qarTul da bizantiur kulturaTa tradiciuli kavSi-
ri. amitom savsebiT gamarTlebulia mkvlevarTa mcde-
loba am kavSiris faqtobrivi damtkicebisaT-
vis32.359magram Tavad petriwis teqstSi es moazrovneebi,
iseve, rogorc romelime Tanamedrove, daviT aRmaSeneb-
lis garda, dasaxelebuli araa. SesaZlebelia es
saqarTvelos mier axlad mopovebuli politikuri
damoukideblobis anareklic iyos. fselosic petriwi-
viT ,,ubadlo prokles” emyareba, magram bizantiis erT-
erTi wamyvani politikosi fselosi filosofiaSic
politikosad rCeboda, xSirad uaryofda kidec Tavis-
save progresul Sexedulebebs, xSirad ki oficialuri
dogmatikiT ifargleboda. Aamgvar SromaTa ricxvs
ekuTvnis misi ,,pirmSoÁsaTvis”, romelic arsen iyalTo-
elma qarTulad Targmna33.360aristoteles komentarebSi
igi platonis moZRvrebisa da qristianobis Tanxmoba-
sac uaryofs. SesaZloa petriwi masac gulisxmobdes,
roca uaryofs imaT, vinc berZen filosofosebs mra-
valRmerTianobas miawerda: ,,sada arian romelni Seas-
menen brZenTa, viTar mravalRmerTebisa metyuel-
Ta”34.361proklesTan, areopagitikaSi da petriwTanac
xSirad vxvdebiT termins _ ,,RmerTni”, magram es mxo-
lod erTi RmerTis, zearsis gamovlinebis saxeebia da
ara poliTeizmi, rac, cxadia, qristianobasTan SeuTav-
sebeli iqneboda.
mravali ramaa saerTo italosisa da petriwis Se-
xedulebaTa Soris. italosi ufro Seurigebeli iyo,
vidre misi maswavlebeli da ufrosi megobari fselo-
si. Aamitom igi mkacrad daisaja kidec. miuxedavad ami-
sa, gansxaveba naTelia, italosi iyenebs da afasebs,

219
magram mainc principulad emijneba ,,berZnebs”, rogorc
qristiani. Mmateria misTvis sruli borotebaa, mas su-
lis daRupvac ki SeuZlia, vrclad msjelobs sulis
saiqioSi arsebobis wesis Sesaxeb da sxv.35362
Ppetriwi Tavis Tanamedrove filosofosebs ar
asaxelebs, magram maSindel qarTul kulturaSi mimdi-
nare procesebTan mimarTeba, pirdapiri Tu arapirdapi-
ri, mTeli naSromis fons qmnis. marTalia, igi ukmayo-
filoa arsebuli doniT, imiTac, rom mTargmnelobiTi
da komentatoruli muSaoba SeTanxmebulad ar mimdina-
reobs, rameTu ,,ganmravldes gadmomRebelni da sxuasa
aRuCndis sxuad”36,363magram es mainc misi arsebobis wya-
roa da misi SexedulebaTa saboloo mizanic am mdgo-
mareobis gaumjobesebaa. maSindel mowinave kulturas
Sinaganad naziarebs da samSobloSi dabrunebuls mZime
SromaSi zogjer sasoc warekveTeboda xolme37,364magram
imasac xedavda, rom saqarTveloSi filosofiuri moR-
vaweobisaTvis sakmao Teoriuli done da saTanado po-
litikuri atmosferoc iyo Seqmnili. DdaviT aRmaSeneb-
lis Semwynarebluri politika SesaZlebels xdida, mi-
uxedavad masTan daaxloebuli da gavleniani arsen
iyalToelis aristotelizmisa, romelic filosofias
mxolod organonis rols aniWebda, msoflmxedvelob-
rivad ki berZnebSi mxolod poliTeizms xedavda da
platons ,,mezRapreobas” abralebda38,365neoplatoniko-
sebs farTo da nayofieri muSaoba gaeCaRebinaT.
azrovnebis istoriaSi, albaT, aq pirvelada
gvaqvs mocemuli ,,areopagituli” da prokles neopla-
tonizmis oficialuri Tanaarseboba. saukune-naxevris
Semdeg Toma akvineli Seecdeba episkopos moerbekes
daxmarebiT Seqmnas msgavsi situacia, da am or avtors
Soris mimarTeba daadginos. maT Soris kavSiri man
sworad SeamCnia, magram saeklesio tradiciis Tanaxmad,
pirvelwyarod ,,areopagitika” miiCnia. es mainc progre-
si iyo, radgan prokles oficilurad misaRebs xdida.

220
sxvagvarad moiqca petriwis umcrosi Tanamedrove niko-
loz meToneli (gardaicvala daaxloebiT 1165 w.). manu-
el I komnenosis mrCeveli TeologiaSi Tavis naSroms,
romelic isevea agebuli da iseve dawvrilebiTia, ro-
gorc petriwis komentarebi _ ,,prokles kavSirni
RmrTismetyuelebiTni” _ erTmniSvnelovnad mimarTavs
,,prokles modis” winaaRmdeg39,366dionisesTan msgavseba
arc mas gamorCenia, isic Tvlis, rom prokle dionises
iyenebs. magram amtkicebs, rom qristianisaTvis yovlad
dauSvebelia prokles gamoyeneba. amgvar pozicias saqar-
TveloSic hyavda mowinaaRmdegeebi, romelTa Sesaxebac
Civis qarTveli moazrovne Tavis ,,bolo-sityuaÁ”-Si.

$2. ioane petriwi arsebulis, rogorc

kosmosis Sesaxeb

yoveli arsebulis, e. i. imis erTianobas, rasac

Tavisi garkveuloba da konkretuloba, rasac Tavisi
sazRvari aqvs da garkveul kanonzomierebas emorCile-
ba, petriwi ,,aRmkuls” uwodebs40.367samyaros berZnuli
saxelis _ ,,kosmosis” ase zusti Targmna garkveuli
msoflmxedvelobrivi datvirTvis mqonea, rac kultu-
ras renesansisaken warmarTavs. es termini amqveyniuri
sinamdvilis garkveuli Sefasebaa, misi garkveuli aRia-
reba, rac Tavidan bolomde gasdevs petriwis komenta-
rebs.
petriwTan es termini da misi Sesabamisi cnebiTi
Sinaarsi, cxadia, amqveyniuri grZnobadi samyaros TviT-
kmarobasa da transcendenturis, an, Tundac idealuri
sferos uaryofaze ki ar miuTiTebs, aramed maT Tavse-
badobaze. idelauri da realuri sferoebi orive kos-
mosSia moqceuli. amqveyniuris, grZnobadi samyaros da-
debiTi SemecnebiTi, esTetikur-eTikuri Rirebuleba,
Tavis safuZvlad idealur arsTa gavliT, transcenden-

221
turze miuTiTebs, romelsac petriwi neoplatonikosTa
kvalad absolutur erTs da sikeTes uigivebs. igi ar-
sebiTad gansxavdeba yovelive samyaroseulisagan, mag-
ram ara rogorc misi uarmyofeli, aramed, rogorc mi-
zezi, romelic ganuzomlad mets da, agreTve, mis sapi-
rispirosac Seicavs. transcendenturi mizezis amgvari
Sinaarsis logikuri gaazreba SeuZlebelia, magram misi
amgvari bunebis daSveba swored logikuradaa aucile-
beli. esaa Seumecnebadis arsebobis daSveba. msof-
lmxedvelobrivi azrovnebis es ganzomileba mniSvne-
lovania ara marto Teologiis, aramed idealizmis is-
toriis gasagebadac.
amqveyniurobis garkveuli dadebiTi Rirebulebis
winaaRmdeg Sua saukuneebSi gabatonebuli poziciisagan
gansxvavebiT, neoplatonuri sikeTis monizmSi grZnoba-
di sinamdvilecaa CarTuli. platonis safuZvelze mTe-
li antikuri kulturis dafuZnebis mosurne plotinem
Taviseburad aiTvisa epikureizmic, iseve, rogorc aris-
toteles mkacri kritikis miuxedavad, mravali ram
(cxadia, gacilebiT meti, vidre epikuresagan) aiRo mis-
gan. roca marqsi neoplatonizms, rogorc antikuri fi-
losofiis ukanasknel sinTezs axasiaTebda, man am mi-
marTulebis Sinaarsis wyaroebad platonis, aristote-
les, stoicizmisa da skepticizmis gverdiT, epikureiz-
mzec miuTiTa41.368amas gverds ver avuvliT, Tu neopla-
tonizmis da aRorZinebis epoqis mimarTebis garkveva
gvsurs. amgvari redaqciiT epikuruli aspeqti mniSvne-
lobas inarCunebs im moazrovneTaTvisac, romelnic epi-
kures da epikurelTa Seurigebel mowinaaRmdeged
Tvlidnen Tavs. ioane petriwic maT Sorisaa. misi samya-
ro, rogorc ,,aRmkuli”, e. i. umaRlesi wesrigiT, harmo-
niiTa da silamaziT agebuli, imis momzadebaa, rasac
rusTavelTan kacTaTvis ,,uTvalavi feriT” mocemuli
qveyana ewodeba.

222
 samyaros, universumis es sakvirveli wesrigi, har-
monia da silamaze petriwisaTvis adamianuri Semecne-
bis stimuls warmoadgens. adamiani ar SeiZleba ar ga-
akvirvos am wesrigma da silamazem da misi mizezis Zie-
ba ar daiwyos. petriwis komentarebs miznad swored am
gakvirvebis moxsna aqvs, transcendenturi erTis rao-
bis raRacnairi mixvedris safuZvelze. es erTi, rome-
lic sikeTis igiveobrivia, amave dros mama RmerTicaa.
magram qarTvelma filosofosma icis oficialuri re-
ligiis aucilebeli antropomorfistuli xasiaTi da
adamianis cnobierebaSi mis safuZvels adgens. am predi-
kats igi miiCnevs adamianis survilis gamoxatulebad,
pirvelsawyisTan Tavis kavSirs gausvas xazi da amiT
sakuTari Rirseba aamaRlos42.369ai am transcendenturi
sawyisis da samyaros, rogorc gaerTianebuli, mowesri-
gebuli simravlis mimarTebaa petriwis kvlevis upirve-
lesi da umniSvnelovanesi sagani.
prokle am sakiTxs ,,kavSirnis” pirvelsave Tavs
uZRvnis da, rogorc am naSromSi warmodgenil yvela
sxva sakiTxs, katexiziseburad gadmoscems. aq maqsima-
lurad SekumSuladaa mocemuli dasasabuTebeli azri
da misi argumentebi. petriwi ki, romelic naSroms qar-
Tveli mkiTxvelis saxelmZRvanelod Targmnis. prok-
les sxva naSomebze damyarebiT (gansakuTrebiT, plato-
nis ,,parmenidesa” da ,,timaiosze” komentarebisa), prok-
les ZiriTadi debulebis vrcel genetur, logikur da
msoflmxedvelobiT analizs iZleva. amitom komentari
mravaljer aRemateba teqsts. aseve ixilavs igi sxva
Tavebsac. prokles moZRvrebis analizisaTvis, e. i. qar-
Tveli mkiTxvelisaTvis misi garkveuli interpretaciis
warmosadgenad, petriwi iyenebs mTel antikur filoso-
fiur gamocdilebas da kvlevas Tavisi droisaTvis aaq-
tualuri mimarTulebiT awarmoebs.
simravlisa da erTis mimarTebis sakiTxi antikuri
filosofiis upirvelesi sakiTxia rogorc istoriu-

223
lad, ise logikurad. Talesi swored simravlis gama-
erTianebel erTs eZebda da amgvarad erT-erTi elemen-
ti – wyali miiCnia. anaqsimandrem ki arsebulis asaxsne-
lad, rogorc konkretulTa erTianobisa, ganusazRvre-
li, anu apeironi daadgina. amiT man pirvelmizezis me-
tafizikur Ziebas da mis mimarT negatiuri gansazRvre-
bis gamoyenebas daudo safuZveli. es SesaZlebloba
platonamde arsebiTad ar gamouyenebiaT. ,,parmenideSi”
platonma kosmosis Semqmneli, demiurgi ideebTan, ro-
gorc nimuSebTan da materiasTan erTad, kosmosis ga-
reT moaqcia. aristotelesTan kosmoss gareT mxolod
azrovnebis azrovneba, anu yovelives mamoZravebeli Ta-
vad uZravi mizani da pirveli materia, anu wminda Se-
saZlebloba darCa. plotinem arsebiTad es sqema gamoi-
yena, magram is platoniseulad miiCnia da materia
RmerTisagan, rogorc umaRlesi sikeTisagan gamosxive-
bis qrobad CaTvala. amrigad, kosmoss gareT mxolod
erTi, RmerTi darCa. kosmosi am sikeTis gamosxivebaa,
misi emanaciaa. mis rTul ierarqiul struqturaSi, rac
ufro daSorebulia esa Tu is arsebuli pirvelwyaros,
miT ufro naklebi Rirebulebisaa, magram sikeTisa da
mSvenierebis raRac xarisxi mainc aqvs. materia oTxi
elementis Semdgomaa, igi sikeTis Zalis Caqrobaa, ara-
raa. plotinem mkacrad ver gaatara es monizmi. materia
masTan srul borotebad da TviTmyof mizezad gamodis.
sikeTis monizmi mis mowafesa da gamomcemelTan – por-
firiosTanaa ganxorcielebuli. asevea igi SenarCunebu-
li porfiriosis mowafe iambliqosTan da proklesTa-
nac. prokle Tvlida, rom sikeTis mkacri monizmi moce-
mulia ara marto plotinesTan, aramed Tavad platon-
Tanac. amas igi gulmodgined asabuTebs platonis Sro-
maTa Zalze rTuli analiziT.
petriwi icnobs am memkvidereobas da iziarebs am-
gvar interpretacias. iziarebs, radgan miaCnia rom
transcendenturi erTis, anu absoluturi sikeTis

224
qristianul RmerTTan gaigiveba udavoa. am saxiT upi-
rispirdeba absoluturi erTis samyaros mis komenta-
rebSi. petriwis mizania amgvari erTis daSvebis auci-
lebloba daasabuTos da Semdeg samyaroze misi zemoq-
medeba ise axsnas, rom erTis transcendentobas arafe-
ri daakldes. samyaroSi, rogorc kosmosSi gabatone-
bulma mkacrma aucileblobam nebismieri sagnis anali-
zis saSualebiT am erTisaken unda wagviyvanos. igi
daSvebuli unda iqnes, rogorc yovlis amxsneli, Tum-
ca Tavad umizezo da Seumecnebadi.
yovelive es, petriwis azriT, SeiZleba dasabuT-
des aristoteles ,,analitikaSi” Camoyalibebuli silo-
gizmis gamoyenebiT. Sua saukuneebis tradiciebis mixed-
viT, petriwi aristoteles logikas ,,organons”, e. i. ia-
raRs uwodebs. umisod SeuZlebelia ,,raisave gagonebai
sulisa mier sityvierisa”43.370es logika moyveba Cvens
cnobierebas Semecnebadis sazRvrebamde. igi moicavs e.
w. dadebiT da uaryofiT dialeqtikas da Seucnobad ab-
solutur mizezze miTiTebas. aq misi kompetencia wyde-
ba. Cven ar SegviZlia am pirvelmizezs raime gansaz-
Rvreba mivceT, sulerTia dadebiTi iqneba is Tu uaryo-
fiTi, idealisturi iqneba Tu materialisturi. is ukve
logikis mier misi sazRvrebis gadalaxva iqneboda.
risTvisac ebrZoda prokle aristotelikosebs.
petriwi darwmunebulia, rom ,,aristotelis orRa-
nois” swori gamoyeneba mxolod am mizanTan migviyvans.
igi mis mier gamoyenebuli silogizmis sqemasac iZle-
va44.371Cans, gadamwers petriwis magaliTisaTvis meore
magaliTic miumatebia ( SesaZloa amonios ermisis Tar-
gmanis gavleniT).45372meqanikurad ,,TviTmimdreki” meore-
jer dauweria ,,yoveli sulisaTvis” magier46373da sqema
pirveli magaliTis sqemisaTvis SeuerTebia, ramac or-
safexuriani sqemis macduri suraTi mogvca. sqemis uSu-
alod momdevno teqstSi petriwi mxolod pirveli sqe-
mis ganmartebas iZleva.

225
 petriwi vrclad ixilavs absoluturi erTis sim-
ravlesTan (kosmosTan) mimarTebis SesaZlebel saxeebs.
maT Soris saerTod erTis arsebobis uarmyofeli ar-
gumenticaa garCeuli. petriwi mis uaryofad avtorite-
tebs ar mimarTavs. misi azriT, amgvari daSveba obieq-
turi analizis safuZvelze, absurdamde migviyvans, rac
misi saukeTeso uaryofa iqneba. am mimarTebaTa tipuri
misTvis debulebani oTxia: I. erTi da simravle Tanama-
radiulia, ,,sworganwyobilni” arian. II. erTi da simrav-
le korelaturia, e. i. ara ubralod Tanamaradiuli,
aramed erTi meoris maarsebelni (,,erTi meorisgan
iyos”). III. debuleba romelic amtkicebs, rom ,,upirve-
les arso simravle erTisasa”. IV. erTi absoluturad
damoukidebeli, transcendenturi mizezia simravlisa.
pirveli daSvebis uarsayofad qarTveli moazrov-
ne imaze miuTiTebs, rom azrovnebis bunebis Tanaxmad,
ori pirvelsawyisis daSveba moiTxovs mesames, rogorc
maT wyaros daSvebas. mocemuli daSvebis damcvelebi am
erTsac simravles daupirispireben, rogorc misgan da-
moukidebels da masaviT pirvelads, rac kvlav saerTo
mizezis sakiTxs daayenebs da a. S. usasrulod. amgvari
usasruloba, petriwisaTvis, iseve, rogorc berZen mo-
azrovneTa umravlesobisaTvis, winaaRmdegobaSi Cavar-
dnas niSnavs, imis gamo, rom Tu mocemulia Sedegi (am
SemTxvevaSi, erTi da simravle), xolo mizezis Ziebas
usasrulobaSi mivyavarT, es niSnavs mocemuli, arsebu-
li SedegisaTvis mizezis ararsebobis daSvebas, ramde-
nadac arsebuli mudam sasrulos sferoSia. usasrulo-
bis es cneba arsebiTad gansxavdeba usasrulobisagan,
rogorc absoluturi erTisagan, romelic swored Se-
mecnebis usasrulobaSi Cavardnis acilebis saSuale-
baa. aristoteledan moyolebuli, berZeni filosofose-
bi usasruloebas mxolod SesaZleblobaSi uSvebdnen.
neoplatonikosebi eTanxmebian mas, ramdenadac saqme ra-
cionalur Semcnebas da arsebuls, rogorc kosmoss

226
exeba. RmerTi, anu erTi, rogorc aqtualuri usasru-
loba, maTTvis racionaluri Semecnebis da arsis maR-
la mdgomi zearsia.
erTisa da simravlis korelaturobis urTier-
TganmsazRvrelobis uarsayofad petriwi imaze miuTi-
Tebs, rom yoveli arsebuli, romelic simravlis saxi-
Taa mocemuli, raki arsebulia, raRac garkveulobis
mqonea, rac mis erTianobas qmnis. magaliTad, materia-
lur saganTa erToba maT materialurobaSia, adamianTa
simravlisa – adamianis cnebiT gamoixateba, da a. S. am-
denad erTis gareSe, romelic erTianobas aZlevs sim-
ravles, es uknaskneli ar moiazreba. es imas niSnavs,
rom misi arseboba dauSvebelia. rac Seexeba erTs, sim-
ravlis gareSe igi diaxac SeiZleba moviazroT. ro-
gorc vxedavT, petriwi, parmenidedan dawyebuli, yvela
drois racionalistis msgavsad, darwmunebulia, rom
moazrebis aucilebloba arsebobis aucileblobis
identuria. rac ar moiazreba, is arc SeiZleba arse-
bobdes, e. i. kosmosSi iyos mocemuli. mouazrebadoba
fsiqikuri Sinaarsis cneba araa da warmoudgenlobas
ar niSnavs.. aq wminda logikur viTarebasTan gvaqvs
saqme: mouazrebadia is, rac daSvebis SemTxvevaSi, lo-
gikur winaaRmdegobasTan (absurdTan) migviyvans. amiT
gansxvavdeba arsebulis moazrebis SeuZlebloba – rac
logikuri Secdomis tolfasia da zearsi, absoluturi
erTis Sinagani bunebis Semecnebisa da moazrebis SeuZ-
lebloba. igi zelogikuria da mis daSvebas logikur
winaaRmdegobasTan ar mivyavarT.
msgavs argumentacias mimarTavs gelaTeli moaz-
rovne mesame daSvebis uarsayofadac. am debulebis dam-
cvelebi amtkiceben: ,,upirveles arso simravle erTi-
sa”. naCvenebia, rom es daSveba migviyvans usasruloSi
(,,usazRvroobaÁ”) usasrulos miRebamde. is, rac Semdeg
spinozasaTvis Semecnebis axal perspeqtivebs gadaSlis
(substanciis usasrulobaSi atributTa usasrulobis

227
daSveba), neoplatonikosebisaTvis logikuri winaaRmde-
gobaa. Tu erTi ar iqneba simravlis nawilTa ganmsaz-
Rvreli da Semkvreli, maSin TiToeuli nawili Tavis
mxriv usasrulo iqneba, mis nawilebzec igive iTqmis
da a. S. amiT varRvevT Tavad usasrulobis cnebas, rad-
gan ussrulobaSi usasrulobani daiSveba im dros, ro-
ca ,,usazRvroobasa da raÁ ars ufroÁs”. amitom unda
davaskvnaT, rom WeSmaritia swored daSvebulis sapi-
rispiro debuleba, e. i. ,,ar egebis upiratesobaÁ sim-
ravlisaÁ, aramed Semdgom erTisa”47.374
petriwis mizania ara marto imis dadgena, rom sim-
ravle erTisganaa, aramed, amave dros imisac, rom sim-
ravle, arsebobis garda, nebismier ragvarobas (wesrigs,
kanonzomierebas) erTisagan iRebs. yoveli garkveuloba
imisgan arsebobs, rom simravle ,,eziareba” erTs. neop-
latonikoss da qristians samyaros (simravlis) da
RmerTis (erTis) aucilebeli kavSiri ise surs warmo-
adginos, rom erTi transcendentoba ueWveli Candes,
Tanac aucilebeli damokidebuleba calmxrivi iyos
(kerZod, RmerTi iyos aucilebeli samyarosaTvis da
ara piriqiT). magram gonebamaxvilur mcdelobaTa miu-
xedavad, azrovnebis Sinagani dialeqtika am kavSirSi
ormxriv aucileblobas wamoswevs win da panTeizmis
axlebuli gaazrebis problema dgeba.
gaugebrobis asacileblad petriwi ganasxvavebs
or cnebas da maTi Sinaarsis gamovlinebis amsaxvel
sam termins: ,,iziarnes”, ,,eziara” da ,,iziara”. pirveli
TanasworTa urTierTzegavlenis da urTierTgansaz-
Rvris SesaZleblobas gulisxmobs (mag., oTxi materia-
luri elementi _ cecxli, wyali, haeri da miwa iziare-
bian erTmaneTis mier, radgan erTmaneTis Tvisebebs Sei-
caven). rac Seexeba ,,eziaras”, aq igulisxmeba ori viTa-
reba, romelTagan erTi umjobesia da misi Tvisebebisa-
gan raRacas iRebs meore (mag.,Sedegi, an, rogorc petri-
wi uwodebs _ ,,mizezoani” eziareba Tavis mizezs). roca

228
amave viTarebaSi igive kavSiri zemdgomisagan gamomdi-
naredaa ganxiluli, misi amsaxveli iqneba termini
,,iziara” (mag., ,,iziara uzesTaesman da mizezman TÂs-ga-
mo mizezoani da misca TÂsisa... myofobisagan”)48.375
aRniSnulis safuZvelze petriwi ityvis, rom sim-
ravle eziarebis erTs, xolo erTi iziarebs simravles.
es Cveulebrivi, Sidakosmiuri mimarTebaa mizezsa da
Sedegs Soris. petriwisaTvis ki mTavaria umizezo mize-
zis (erTis) da misi Sedegis (samyaros) mimarTeba. es mi-
zezi uZravia sivrceSi moZraobis azriT. rogorc sa-
moZrao sivrcis, ise moZraobis miznis arseboba misi ab-
soluturobis uaryofa iqneboda. magram is TavisTavad
qmediTia. amgvari SesaZlebloba ukve aristotelem da-
uSva, roca azrovnebis azrovnebas uZravi uwoda. Tavis
Tavis mizezi mouazrebelia aqtiurobis gareSe da ne-
oplatonizms es kargad aqvs gacnobierebuli. misi aq-
tiuroba aris emanacia, anu gamosxiveba samyarosi. rad-
gan igi marad aqtiuria, amitom neoplatonikosebi sam-
yarosa da RmerTis Tanamaradiulobas amtkicebdnen.
prokle specialur naSromsac uZRvnis am sakiTxs _ ,,18
argumenti samyaros maradiulobis dasacavad da qris-
tianTa sawinaaRmdegod”49.376qristiani neoplatonikosi
ioane filoponosi (aleqsandriis skolidan) specia-
lur traqtats dawers prokles am Sromis winaaRmdeg.
petriwi ki qristianobis sawinaaRmdegos aq arafers xe-
davs da iyenebs prokles argumentebs. misi azriT, mTa-
varia ara faqtobrivi viTareba, kerZod is, rom umize-
zo mizezi marad gamoasxivebs samyaros, rogorc Tavisi
umaRlesi srulyofilebis Sedegs, aramed is, rom kos-
mosis gamosxivebiT erTs araferi akldebda. amitom igi
SeiZleba moviazroT samyaros gareSe. moazrebis SesaZ-
lebloba ki arsebobis SesaZleblobacaa. es uflebas
aZlevs petriws qristianobisaTvis misaRebi saxiT war-
moadginos prokles debuleba da amtkicebs: ,,ese zes-
TaÁ erTi TÂnier simravlisa SeuZlebs zemeqoneobiT

229
midrekilad dgomasa da ar vissa sxÂsa moqene...”50.377er-
Tis, anu RmerTis sruli transcendentoba TiTqos ga-
rantirebulia, magram am mimarTebas meore aspeqtica
aqvs, rac ufro Zneli mosagvarebelia qristiani neop-
latonikosisaTvis.
mizezisa da Sedegis mimarTeba, Tundac saqme Ta-
visTavad mizezs exebodes, aucileblobiT gulisxmobs
Sedegis winaswar arsebobas mizezSi. SedegSi raime ise-
Ti pozitiuris daSveba, rac mizezSi araa, mkvlevars
ayenebs an sxva mizezis Ziebis, an Sedegis TviTmizezad
miCnevis, anda ganviTarebis aRiarebis aucileblobis wi-
naSe. neoplatonikosebs da TiTqmis yvela moazrovnes
iakob boememde, ganviTarebis, rogorc axlis warmoSo-
bis, daSveba SeuZleblad miaCndaT. sabuTad umizezo
movlenis ararsebobas miiCnevdnen. Tu umizezo movlena
ar arsebobs, yvelaferi, rac SedegSia, mizezSi unda
iyos mocemuli. amitom neoplatonikosisaTvis yvelafe-
ri, rac samyaroSia, winaswar mocemulia RmerTSi. ,,Tan-
mouqus mas yoveli”51.378es ki imas niSnavs, rom samyaro
aris RmerTSi, Tumca idealurad magram mainc. erTis
upiratesobis amgvari mtkiceba petriws iseTive siZne-
lis winaSe ayenebs, rogorc ,,areopagitikis” avtors,
mogvianebiT ki nikoloz kuzanels. axla am aspeqtiT
dgeba qveynis maradiulobis da panTeizmis problema.
is azri, rom RmerTi yovelTvis ,,gare Semomwere-
lia” 52379 saqarTveloSi sulxan-sabamde gayveba msof-
mxedvelobriv azrovnebas. ,,mxolod RmerTi ars yo-
velთa Semcveli da gareSemouwereli”53,380rogorc xSi-
rad, ise aqac, saba petriwis mier Catarebul muSaobas
gulisxmobs, petriwi ki umaRlesi erTis Seumecnebado-
bas afarebs Tavs. erTSi simravlis (e.i samyaros) daS-
veba da amave dros transcendentoba samyaros mimarT
neoplatonikosisaTvis erTnairad aucilebelia. es rom
Cveulebriv arsebuls exebodes, winaaRmdegoba misi uar-
yofisaTvis sakmao safuZveli iqneboda. magram aq saqme

230
exeba zearss, romelic Cveni gonebisaTvis gaugebari we-
siT arigebs am winaaRmdegobas TavisSi. misi sxvagvari
daSveba gaugebars gaxdida, Tu ratomaa absoluturi
erTi yoveli arsebulis aucilebeli da sakmao mizezi
,,romelsa oden dumilman pativ sca moklebiTa Tquma-
TaÁTa”54.381igive azri ,,areopagitikaSi” gamoTqmulia, ro-
gorc ,,yovlad brZnuli dumili”55,382xolo kuzanelTan,
rogorc ,,swavluli arcodna”56.383
Tu yoveli arsis Semecnebas, rogorc calkeulad
ise mTlianobaSi, amgvar absolutTan mivyevarT, maSin
logikuria imis daSveba, rom igi samyaros Tavis Tavidan
qmnis, asxivebs mas. emanaciis procesis aRsaniSnavad pet-
riwis komentarebSi or termins vxvdebiT: ,,warmoeba” da
ufro xSirad ,,gzavnaÁ”. absoluti mxolod Tavis Tavi-
dan da, am azriT, ararasagan qmnis samyaros. amdenad, ara-
rasagan samyaros Seqmnis qristianul dogmasTan Tanxmo-
ba saxezea. rac Seexeba samebis dogmis neoplatonizmTan
dakavSirebas, es, rogorc m. gogiberiZem aRniSna, SeuZle-
belia, radgan emanaciaSi momdevno aradros araa winama-
valis toli, magram petriwi Seecdeba ricxvTa dialeq-
tikis gamoyenebiT erTisa da samis gaigivebas, ramdena-
dac erთi ricxvTa sawyisia, ori ricxvi ki ar aris ara-
med ganusazRvreloba, sami ki pirveli ricxvia57.384am sa-
intereso manipulaciis garda, qristian moazrovnes SeeZ-
lo erTis Seumecnebadobaze mieTiTebina.
neoplatonizmisaTvis Sedegi mizezisaken miis-
wrafvis da esaa misi moZraobis wyaro iseve, rogorc
misi arsebobis mizani. kosmosis maradiuli moZraobac
ganpirobebulia erTisaken, rogorc miuwvdomeli mizni-
saken miswrafebiT. am miswrafebas platonuri tradici-
is mixedviT ,,trfobaÁ” ewodeba58.385yovelive miiswraf-
vis Tavisi mizezisaken ramdenadac misi arseba mizezSi
yovelTvis saukeTeso saxiTaa warmodgenili. mSobliu-
ri wiaRisaken, rogorc ukeTesi da ufro garantirebu-
li arsebobisaken yoveli konkretulis miswrafeba, ra-

231
sac mizezobrioba gamoxatavs, mTlianobaSi kravs samya-
ros da aucileblobiT akavSirebs mas absoluturTan.
mizezobrioba petriwTan yovlismomcvelia. mizezi
da safuZveli, rogorc realuri da logikuri, masTan
isevea gaigivebuli, rogorc TiTqmis yvela moazrovnes-
Tan david hiumamde. es nakli ramdenadme kompensirebu-
li mizezTa saxeebis gamowvlilviTi diferenciaciiT.
prokles ,,kavSirni” xom faqtobrivad mizezTa Sesaxeb
moZRvrebaa da amitom iyo, rom Sua saukuneebSi am naS-
romis Semoklebul variants ,,mizezTa wigni” ewoda.
mizezobriobis safuZvelze mTeli kosmosis mimar-
Teba miuwvdomeli umaRlesi mizezisaken, romelic Ta-
vad ,,uzado” rCeba, maradiul wrebrunvas gvaZlevs. kos-
mosis gamosxiveba (,,Seqmna”) absolutis sikeTisa da Za-
lis siWarbis gamo xdeba, ukusvla ki ukeTesisaken mis-
wrafebiT, misi siyvaruliT. TviT absoluturs ki ar Se-
iZleba uyvardes kosmosi, rogorc mTlianoba, anda rai-
me masSi, radgan trfialebis sagani yovelTvis ufro
maRali unda iyos. esec aristoteleseuli momentia ne-
oplatonizmSi. aristoteles formis forma mxolod sa-
kuTar Tavze azrovnebs. ramdenadac neoplatonikosi-
saTvis absoluturs samyaro TavisTavSi aqvs idealu-
rad, amdenad RmerTis TviTmizezoba da TavisTavis siy-
varuli SeiZleboda SeTavseboda qristianul doqtri-
nas, romlis Tanaxmadac RmerTs uyvars yoveli arsebu-
li da zrunavs masze.
,,trfialis” garda petriwis komentarebSi gvsvde-
ba termini ,,siyvaruli”59,386romelic empedokles mier
dadgenil gamaerTianebel kosmiur kavSirs aRniSnavs
da siZulvils (,,ZlevaÁ”) upirispirdeba. komentarebSi
siyvarulis samflobelod zegrZnobadi, gonebis sfe-
roa miCneuli. petriwi mniSvnelovnad Tvlis am miTiTe-
bas, radgan is platonisa da neoplatonikosebis pir-
vel berZen filosofosebTan kavSirze amaxvilebs yu-
radRebas. es aspeqti mniSvnelovnia petriwis da porfi-

232
riosis mimarTebis gasarkvevad. porfiriosi Tavis ,,fi-
losofosTa istoriaSi” empedokles gansakuTrebul yu-
radRebas aqcevs da Tvlis, rom man aRmoaCina empedok-
les moZRvreba sulis Sesaxeb60.387
trfialebas, rogorc amamaRlebel swrafvas, ro-
gorc sikeTis wadils, upirispirdeba ,,vnebaÁ”, romelic
,,makninebeli”. am dapirispirebas rogorc Semecnebis Te-
oriuli, ise ontologiuri mniSvneloba aqvs. igi mar-
to grZnobads rodi axasiaTebs, Tumca am sferoSia ga-
batonebuli. idealur sferoSi SesaZlebeli Secdoma,
romlis Sedegia sulis gansxeuleba, am safuZvelzea
arsebuli61.388
erTis absoluturobis, e. i. monizmis dasasabuTeb-
lad neoplatonikosebTan im ararasTan anu materias-
Tan (petriwis terminologiiT _ ,,nivTTan~) mimarTebis
garkvevaa saWiro, romlisganac platonis ,,timaiosSi~
demiurgi samyaros agebs, rogorc kosmoss, rogorc qa-
osur moZraobaze (rac materias axasiaTebs) miznobrio-
bis gabatonebas. rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, materia neop-
latonikosebTan sikeTis Zalis, misi sxivis Caqrobaa.
saWiro iyo imis Cveneba, rom es Sedegic kosmosSi rCe-
ba da amdenad raRacnairad absoluturisaken miiswraf-
vis. miswrafeba aucileb-lobiT gulisxmobs ara marto
gansxvavebas imasTan, riskenacaa swrafva, aramed msgav-
sebasac. Tu upiratesoba, raRac saerTos, raRac msgav-
sis aspeqtiT upiratesoba araa, maSin is arc miswrafe-
bis sagani SeiZleba iyos: ,,trfialebaÁ TÂnier msgavse-
bisa ara ergos, rameTu ar sada etrfis umsgavsoÁ um-
sgavsosa~62.389materiis amgvar kosmosSi CarTva RmerTis
arsebobis dasabuTebas ukavSirdeba.
absoluturi erTis, rogorc ontologiuri, ise
gnoseologiuri pirveladobis daSvebis aucileblobis
dasabuTeba am sistemaSi RmerTis arsebobis dasabuTe-
bas warmoadgens, rac Sua saukuneebis filosofiisa da
Teologiis erT-erTi uZiriTadesi amocana iyo. petriwi

233
cdilobs gviCvenos, rom erTi, romelic yovelgvar da-
pirispirebulobaze maRla dgas, aucilebelia davuS-
vaT, Tuki raime arsebulis daSvebas vapirebT. dasabu-
Tebis es wesi, kosmologiuri rom ewodeba, RmerTis ar-
sebobis, e.w. fiziko-Teologiuri dasabuTebis wesTan
erTad, qarTuli TeologiisaTvis petriwamdec kargad
iyo cnobili. iodasafis kiTxvaze: ,,raÁ daamtkicebs
cnobasa RmrTisasa?~ balahvari pasuxobs: ,,cani da que-
yanaÁ da yoveli romeli damkvidrebul ars mas Sina,
sulierni da guamoanni da, rameTu ixilo WurWeli
raÁme Seqmnili, daRaTumca moqmedi ara naxe, swamevemca,
viTarmed uvis Semoqmedi~ da sxva63.390am fiziko-Teolo-
giur arguments balahvari Semdeg aZlierebs kosmolo-
giuriT:” ukeTumca me viyav dambadebeli Tavisa CemisaÁ
umeteismca vyav Tavi Cemi siSuenieriTa da sisasruli-
Ta hasakisaÁTa... (iqve)~. petriwTan ki prokleze damyare-
biT, mocemulia Taviseburi ontologiuri dasabuTeba,
romelic ar emTxveva petriwis Tanamedrove anselm ken-
terberielis mier formulirebuls, romlis Tanaxma-
dac, RmerTis, rogorc umaRlesi arsebis, cnebidan amo-
ikiTxeba, misi cnebisagan damoukidebeli arseboba. am
dasabuTebis Sinaarsi arsebiTad mocemulia prokles
kavSirnis pirvelsave TavSi, romelic erTisa da sim-
ravlis mimarTebas exeba da faqtobrivad ,,erTis~ cne-
bis analizs warmoadgens. prokle aq ar-arsis proble-
mas ar exeba, petriwi ki am mxares specialur yuradRe-
bas aqcevs. mas surs daamtkicos, rom erTis daSveba
aucilebelia ara marto maSin, roca miznobriobiT
vxelmZRvanelobT (e. i. fiziko-Teologiuri dasabuTe-
bisas), anda, roca raimes arsebobas vuSvebT, sul er-
Tia, iqneba es kosmosi Tu mxolod Cveni sakuTari Tavi
(e. i. kosmologiuri dasabuTeba), aramed maSinac ki, ro-
ca yovelgvari konkretulis arsebobas uarvyofT da
mxolod arsis arsebobas vuSvebT. amrigad, ararsebu-
lis daSvebisaTvisac aucilebelia absoluturi erTis

234
arsebobis daSveba. petriws mxolod imis Tqma rom sur-
des _ adamianis azrovnebas sWirdeba RmerTis arsebo-
bis daSveba arsebulis daSvebisTvis, maSin es kosmo-
logiuri dasabuTebis ubralo variacia iqneboda (rad-
gan me vuSveb arsebobas, e. i. me varsebob da a. S.). pet-
riwi darwmunebulia, rom am SemTxvevaSi saqme onto-
logiur mimarTebaSia asaxuli: TavisTavad, Semecnebis-
gan damoukideblad arsebuli ararsis ,,arseboba~ ukve
gulisxmobs erTis, rogorc absoluturis arsebobas.
es ararsi, anu aramyofi warmoadgens gauformebel ma-
terias. igi gaformebul grZnobad sinamdviles win ki
ar uswrebs, rogorc es platonsa da aristoteles
warmoedginaT, aramed maTi Sedegia ierarqiaSi. igi er-
Tis Zalis Sretaa. masSi sikeTe kidev ufro naklebadaa
gamovlenili, vidre oTx elementSi. magram igi mainc
sxva araferia, Tu ara es gamovlena, amitom erTis ar-
seboba misTvis iseve saWiroa, rogorc arsisaTvis, myo-
fisaTvis. es SefardebiTi ararsia. absoluturi ararsi
neoplatonikosisTvisac ararsebulia, parmenides kva-
lad, da arc moazrebadi.
,,TÂT igi uTÂToÁ TÂTi erTi~, rogorc yvela Se-
saZlebeli dapirispirebis igiveoba, gvarwmunebs petri-
wi, ,,myofobasaca da ara myofobasa sworebiT zesT da-
uSTebis~. rogorc dapirispirebulobaze maRla myofs,
mas, cxadia, veraferi daupirispirdeba, igi ,,aras iqo-
nebs winamwyod TÂsa~, yovelive sxvas ki hyavs sapiris-
piro, amdenad, kosmosi warmogvidgeba, rogorc mudmivi
daZabuleba da brZola, maradi warmoSobisa da mospo-
bis procesi, radgan arian ,,urTierTas winagamwyoni
urTierTas mSret da damamku”64.391
kosmosSi es ,,herakliteseuli~ daZabuloba pla-
tonTan da aristotelesTan Sehqonda materias, ro-
gorc TviTmyof princips. kosmosSi igi, marTalia, mu-
dam gaformebulia da kanonzomierebas damorCilebuli,
magram es mainc ,,garedan~ Tavsmoxveulad rCeba mis-

235
Tvis. am sistemebSi materia Tavis bunebas, e. i. qaosur
moZraobas avlenda formaTa cvalebadobaSi. neoplato-
nikosebma, marTalia, dualizmi moxsnes, magram materia
maTTan (,,nivTi uformoÁ~) arsebiTad imave funqcias as-
rulebs. igi upirispirdeba ufro maRali rangis arse-
bebs, romelTaTvis forma Sinagania.
ramdenadac SefardebiTi ararsi kosmosSi da mo-
nistur sistemaSi moeqca da erTisagan raRac garkveu-
lobis matareblad cxaddeba, unda gairkves misi raoba.
sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, unda moiZebnos raRac kate-
goria, romelic materiaSi arsebul erTis Zalas gamo-
xatavda. amave dros, aucilebelia erTis amgvari zemoq-
medebiT uformo materia ar gaformdes, diferenciacia
ar Sevides masSi. amgvar kategoriad petriwi miiCnevs
erTobis, anu erTianobis kategorias. es kategoria moi-
cavs arsebulsac da ararsebulsac, akavSirebs maT er-
TmaneTTan da erTTan: ,,vera gaanevlTas sakÂrelTa er-
Tobisasa araobaca nivTsa~65.392ararsis rogorc ara-myo-
fis erTianobas isa qmnis, rom igi, gansxvavebiT myofi-
sagan, ar Seicavs diferenciacias. amiT is specifikur
gansazRvrulebas iRebs, Tavis Tavis tolia da am az-
riT, raRac erTs warmoadgens, e. i. misi gamovlinebaa.
amgvarad, masac ,,dahmeufna zesT Zalman erTTa erTisa-
man~66.393materia Tavis TavTan igiveobrivia gaformebis
gareSe. ,,viTa nivTi usaxoi erT da igive ars da ara
sxuaÁ da sxuaÁ, raÁTa ara gaguarebulad vTquaT igi~.
amitomaa, rom ararsi upirispirdeba ra arss, ar upi-
rispirdeba absoluturs, erTs. igi raRaciT hgavs ki-
dec mas. erTis mimarT igi aris ,,msgavs umsgavsod da
kualad umsgavsod msgavs~67.394
am msgavsebis gamo CaerTvis igi mizezobriobis sa-
yovelTao procesSi, rogorc erTisadmi trfialebaSi.
materia yvela konkretul gansazRvru-lobaze dablaa.
erTi ki yvela maTze maRla. ar emsgavseba igi ,,mas zes-
Tasaca erTTasa, rameTu zesTaÁ erTTaÁ erTi, viTar

236
zesT mdebare da ganyenebuli yovelTagan erTi
ars~68395mTeli samyaros erTidan, rogorc uZravi mize-
zidan, uwyveti warmoSoba da uku dabruneba, aris sam-
yaros maradiuloba da petriwi dabejiTebiT asabuTebs
mas69.396
ara myofis, anu ararsis cnebas petriwi didi sif-
rTxiliT xmarobs. rodesac aTvlis wertilad arsi da
myofi gvaqvs, amdenad ararsia RmerTic, rogorc yove-
live arsebuli mizezi, am arsebuliagan principulad
gansxvavebuli. aseve ararsia materiac, radgan igi aris
arsebobisaTvis saWiro garkveulobamde amaRlebuli. am
,,usaxosa~ da ,,uromelos~ da absoluturs erTi da igi-
ve predikati mxolod analogiurad miewereba, e. i.
principuli gansxvavebis miuxedavad, arsebulTan mimar-
TebaSi maT saerTo aqvT ganusazRvreloba ,,...zesTaÁ da
ucnauri igi erTi usaxosaca da uromelosa warmoaCens
nivTsa, romelsa ar arsad vityviT, magram moklebiT da
ara zesTaÁT~70.397
materiis amgvari gageba upirispirdeba Sua sauku-
neebSi gavrcelebul moZRvrebas materiaze, rogorc
diferenciaciis principze. neoplatonur TeoriaSi di-
ferenciaciis da gansxvavebis yoveli mizezi idealuri-
dan modis. am sistemaSi Sedegs ar SeuZlia mizezze
ukuzemoqmedeba. sxvaoba formis Sedegia. magram petri-
wi ar iadvilebs problemas: ,,yoveli sxuaÁ da sxuao-
baÁ guarTa ganyofilebisa ars, xolo ganyofilebaÁ
usaxosa da uguarosa Soris ara ars~. amitom petriwis
debuleba _ ,,sadaca STaeWres nivTi mun amrumdebis na-
Teli igiveobisaÁ da msgavsebisaÁ~71.398gamoTqmuli mi-
zezTa da SedegTa, rogorc emanaciis safexurTa gan-
xilvisas unda gavigoT, rogorc ierarqiaSi dabali sa-
fexuris damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebis gamoTqma da ara ma-
teriis aqti, mimarTuli masze maRla mdgom regionebze.
masze maRla ki yvelaferia, oTxi elementis sferodan
dawyebuli. ,,nivTi~ petriwisaTvis ukve niSnavs ,,amrume-

237
bas~, igiveobis daklebas. absoluturisagan daSorebis
Sesabamisad, wminda igiveoba TandaTan ,,mrumdeba~ sxeu-
lebriv samyaroSi da grZnobadSi igi yvelaze sustia,
amitom petriwi tradiciis ZaliT, grZnobad samyaros
materiis aqtivobis gamovlenad miiCnevs, magram mkac-
rad Tu vimsjelebT, ara marto materia, aramed grZno-
badi sxeulic romelsac garkveuli forma aqvs, Tavis-
Tavad ar SeiZleba iyos raimes mizezi. sxeulebrivis
aqtiuroba masSi arsebuli sulis wyalobiT xdeba72.399
amgvar debulebaTa gasagebad saWiroa ,,erTiano-
bis~ da ,,igiveobis~ kategoriaTa gansxvaveba. petriwi
TiTqos orives erTnairad miawers materias, magram Tu
davukvirdebiT, masTan am kategoriaTa moqmedebis sfe-
roebi principulad gansxvavebulia. ,,erTianoba~, ro-
gorc imis aRmniSvneli, rom nebismieri viTareba raRac
erTianobas warmoadgens, aris yovelive imis aucilebe-
li garkveuloba, rac absolutur ararasagan gansxvav-
deba. aseTi ram SeiZleba iyos arsic da ararsic (ro-
gorc umaRlesi erTi, ise materia). igiveobis kategori-
is funqcia ki sul sxvaa. igi korelaturi kategoriaa
da yovelTvis ,,gansxvavebasTan~ mimarTebaSi arsebobs.
xolo sadac gansxvavebaa, iq ararsebobacaa, e. i. arsis
sferoSi vimyofebiT. arsis sferoSi gansxvaveba aris.
arsis viTarebani gansxvavdebian imiT, rom sxvadasxva
gvars emorCilebian. igiveobis da gansxvavebis parale-
lurad iyenebs petriwi kategoriaTa meore wyvils:
,,msgavseba~ da ,,umsgavsoebas~. idealur sferoSi (,,gone-
biTs da gonierTa Soris nakmsa~) Warbobs igiveoba
msgavseba, xolo grZnobadSi _ gansxvaveba umsgavse-
ba73.400
kosmosSi petriwi mraval sferos gamoyofs, zoga-
dad isini samad iyofian: goniTad, suliTad da grZno-
badad. grZnobadi droSi da sivrceSi arsebul materia-
lurs niSnavs (xe, qva, mTa, magram ara varskvlavni, ro-
melnic petriwisTvis sulierad da gonierad iTvlebi-

238
an). grZnobadi sfero imdenad naklebi Rirebulebis
mqonea emanaciis zemoTa safexurebTan SedarebiT, rom
am aspeqtiT maT erTianobas ,,jojoxeTic~ SeiZleba
ewodos74.401magram grZnobadi ar aris emanaciis ukanas-
kneli safexuri. ufro dabalia oTxi elementis sfero
(petriwis terminologiiT ,,kavSirni~), miwa (romelsac
petriwi ,,queyanaÁ~-s uwodebs), wyali, ,,airi~ da cec-
xli. isini ,,uromelo sxeulis~ pirveli gaformebaa.
maTgan Semdgar grZnobad sxeuls, rogorc sivrceSi
arsebuls, sami ganzomileba aqvs. idealurs Tavisi
,,adgili~ aqvs da Tavisi grZnobadisagan principulad
gansxvavebuli, moZraoba75.402
specifikuri mniSvneloba aqvs petriwis naazrvSi
,,pirveli sxeulis~ cnebas. igi arc grZnobadia da arc
materialuri. igi araa pirveli nivTi, rac aristote-
les pirveli materiis Sesatyvisia. ,,pirveli sxeulTai~
warmoadgens cas, rogorc sxeulTa Soris umaRless,
yvela sxeulis mizezs, sxeulTa sferos damakavSir-
bels ufro maRal regionTan. amgvari sfero cisaTvis
aris sulis sfero. sferoTa kavSiri saerTod imgvarad
xorcieldeba, rom momdevno sferos upirvelesi zem-
dgomis formas (petriwi aq mas ,,saxes~ uwodebs) ata-
rebs. iseve, rogorc ,,pirveli suli gonebis saxe ars~,
xolo ,,pirveli gonebaÁ erTebriv ars da Rmer-
Tmorf~76.403
es ,,pirveli sxeuli~, rogorc gardamavali safe-
xuri, ufro maRalisaken aris ,,sxeuli viTar suli~,
gansxvavebiT misgan warmoSobil sxeulTagan, romelnic
arian ,,sxeulni martivad~ (iqve). rogorc vxedavT, sayo-
velTo kavSiri ierarqiaSi formisa da materiis (masa-
lis) mimarTebis safuZvelze xorcieldeba. axali, daba-
li Sinaarsi, pirvel safexurze misi warmoSobis mize-
zis formas inarCuneben. cis, rogorc pirveli sxeulis
SemTxvevaSi es forma iqneba, misi maradiuloba, rac
sxeulebrivs Tavisi bunebiT (,,martivad~) ar axasiaTebs.

239
am ,,daubadebel~, ,,TÂTarss~ da ,,TÂmdgoms~ pirvel sxe-
uls, iseve, rogorc yvela sxva pirvels Tavisi rigisas
(pirvel gonebas, pirvel suls, pirvel bunebas), es Tvi-
sebebi, mxolod SefardebiT miewereba. absoluturi az-
riT `daubadebloba~ da sxv. Mmxolod erTs axasiaTebs.
amiT isini mxolod imdenad miewereba, ramdenadac Tav-
TavianT sferoSi yvelaze ufro emsgavsebian erTs. pet-
riwi xazs usvams, rom pirveli sxeuli mxolod Tavisi
rigis (`siraÁs~) warmomadgenelTaTvis aris `umizezo
mizez~77.404es rigTa sawyisebi garkveuli aspeqtiT SeiZ-
leba SevudaroT spinozas ,,Tavis gvarSi usasrulos~,
romelic aseve SefardebiTadaa usasrulo. petrwi didi
mniSvnelobas aZlevs amgvar gagebas, radgan sxvagvarad
sistema ar moiazreba: ,,xolo gesmas raÁ, TÂT TÂs mier
warmodgomilni, nu hgono Tumca ara mis zesTa mier
ityoda warmodgomasa maTsa, rameTu daurTavs, viTar-
med umaxlobeles mis erTisani ariano~78.405
neoplatonikosTa pirvel sxeuls ara aqvs spino-
zas atributisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli damoukidebloba.
igi arc absoluturi arsebis gamoxatulebaa da arc
mxolod absoluturisaganaa damokidebuli. rogorc
davinaxeT, mas forma sulis sferodana aqvs. am sferos
specifikur materias ,,cis SoriTi nivTi~ ewodeba. ro-
ca petriwi ufro dawvrilebiT ixilavs sakiTxs, maT
Soris kidev erTi saSualo sfero gamoiyofa, kerZod,
,,bunebis~ sfero, romlis sawyisi ,,pirveli bunebaa~ da
is gansazRvravs pirveli sxeulis formas. bunebis ka-
tegorias Sua saukuneebis filosofiaSi mniSvnelovani
adgili ukavia, rogorc berZnulSi (φύσις), ise laTi-
nurSi (Natur),  arsis, arsebobis arsebis, formisa da Si-
naarsis cnebaTa Soris. fselosi, romelic ierarqiis
sferos amartivebs, ,,bunebas~ RmerTs marjvenas amsgav-
sebs, romliTac Tavad uZravi erTi marTavs grZnobad
samyaros. raimund luli (1232_1316), cnobili novatori
sqolastikosi, Tavis ,,axal logikaSi, romelic neop-

240
latonizmis istorias ar ekuTvnis~, ,,bunebas~ aTavsebs
`arsebasa~ (Essentia)  da ,,arsebobas~ (Esse) Soris. igi Ta-
viseburi, dakonkretebuli arsebaa: ,,arseba misi bunebis
saSualebiT misTvis bunebrivi, misi arsebiTi sagniT
izRudeba~79.406
marTalia ierarqiis safexurebi mkacradaa dacu-
li, magram pirveli erTis specifikuri zemoqmedeba,
momdevno safexurTa makonkretebel zemoqmedebasTan
erTad, bolomde miyveba mTels wyobas, rogorc erTia-
nobis mimcemi. amitom yovel axal sferos da yovel
arsebuls masSi, uSualo mizess garda, pirvelmizezic
qmnis. amitom ityvis petriwi, rom iqmneba `pirveli sxe-
uli bunebis mier da mis zesTai erTisaÁ~80.407erTis es
`Careva~ qvemoTa regionebSi, rac qristianul msofmxed-
velobasTan Tanxmobis safuZvels qmnida, neoplatoniz-
mis farglebSi mxolod imdenad SeiZleba iqnes gamar-
Tlebuli, ramdenadac yoveli safexuri ierarqiaSi mom-
devnos mxolod specifikur arsebobas da raobas aZ-
levs, xolo arseboba, yofna saerTod, anu ,,aoba~ yve-
las erTnairad aqvs. es mimarTeba, petriwis azriT,
aristotelem aRmoaCina, romelic ityvis, `rameTu aobaÁ
sworad xudao pirvelisa aisagan yovelTa myofTa da
araÁT udares aobiTa ukanaÁsi pirvelTa, xolo umjo-
bes dareobaÁ viTarebasa Soris gaWvrdebis myofTa-
sa~81.408.
pirveli sxeuli, romelsac petriwi ,,caÁ~-s uwo-
debs, Svidi mnaTobis da maTi sferoebis mizezia: kro-
nosi, diosi (zevsi), aresi, apoloni (mze), hermesi (mer-
kuri), afrodite (venera), artemida (mTvare). es planete-
bi dedamiwis garSemo sxvadasxvagvari siCqariT bruna-
ven da sxvadasxvagvarad zemoqmedeben masze. planetaTa
(cdomilTa) igive rigs asaxelebs saba Tavis leqsikon-
Si. igi aTvlas mTvaridan iwyebs da hermesze gadadis.
aqve aaxlebs cdomilTa arabul saxelwodebebs (yamar,
otarid, aspiroz, Sams, marixi, muSTari, zual) da la-

241
Tinurs82.409arabulive terminebiT gadmoscems maT rus-
Tvelic, oRond mTvarisa da mzisaTvis qarTul termi-
nebs iyenebs, Tanac am ukanasknels pirvel adgils ani-
Webs.
absoluturi erTis da materiis, rogorc `guarTa-
gan moklebul~ masalis garda yoveliveSi igiveobisa
da gansxvavebis mimarTebaa. erTi Seucnobadi wminda
igiveobaa, materia (nivTi) wminda sxvaobaa. maT Soris
arsebuli yoveli viTareba, sul erTia, grZnobadia igi
Tu idealuri, warmoadgens dapirispirebul erTiano-
bas. dapirispirebulTa es erTianoba da ara igiveoba,
rac mxolod absoluturs axasiaTebs da ris gamoc igi
Seumecnebadia, gagebulia ara rogorc ganviTarebis, an
Tundac, mxolod moZraobis pirvelwyaro, aramed mxo-
lod rogorc `ganviTarebis~ (emanacia) da moZraobis
Sedegi. raimeSi dapirispirebulTaAarseboba miuTiTebs
imaze, rom misi mizezi am sagnis gareTaa, rogorc am
dapirispirebulobaze maRla mdgomi. emanaciis safexu-
rebSi ufro maRla mdgomi, rogorc mizezi, winaaRmde-
gobis gareSe Seicavs imas, rasac momdevno, rogorc mi-
si Sedegi, dapirispirebulTa erTianobis saxiT warmog-
vidgeba. ufro maRali safexuri, ramdenadac masSi es
dapirispireba moxnilia, ufro wminda da martivia, mag-
ram mas mainc aqvs sakuTari, specifikuri dapirispire-
buloba. savsebiT martivi, e. i. yovelgvari dapirispire-
bulobisagan Tavisufali mxolod RmerTia.
es `martivi~ erT-erTi urTulesi kategoriaa neop-
latonuri da, saerTod, Sua saukuneebis filosofiis.
ras niSnavs, rom emanaciis safexurebze zeaRsvla siw-
mindisa da simartivis zrdis procesia? niSnavs Tu ara
es `gamartiveba~ Sinaarseul gaRaribebas? emTxveva Tu
ara es procesi Sinaarseuladac, cnebis logikuri ge-
neralizaciis process, sadac moculobis zrda Sinaar-
sis gaRaribebis xarjze xdeba? am sakiTxebs ara marto

242
msoflmxedvelobrivi, aramed meTodologiuri mniSvne-
loba aqvs.
SeiZleba Tu ara uzogadesi, umaRlesi da yovlis-
momcveli, e.i. iseTi, rogoric neoplatonikosTa abso-
luturi erTia, gavaigivoT martivTan, romelic mar-
Tlia, yovelTvis moicavs, `Semoswers~, magram imitom
rom masSi mxolod erTi niSani igulisxmeba, rac yve-
lasaTvis igiveobrivia. es niSania ,,arseboba~, `aoba~,
`yofna~. xom ar aris absoluturisaken svlis procesi
rogorc ontologiurad, ise gnoseologiurad, mar-
Tlac, procesi namdvili yofierebis daviwyebisa, rasac
m. haidegeri sayvedurobda evropul tradicias?83410yo-
vel SemTxvevaSi neoplatonuri filosofia da gansa-
kuTrebiT petriwis refleqsia, am moZRvrebis ZiriTad
aspeqtebze pirdapir sawinaaRmdegos gveubneba. cnebis
ganzoga-debis logikuri procesi, marTalia, asaxavs
emanaciis gziT miRebuli samyarodan erTisaken ukus-
vlis kosmiur process, rogorc `uku trfobis~ pro-
cess, magram asaxavs mxolod erTi, misTvis specifiku-
ri aspeqtiT, rac moculobisa da Sinaarsis ukupropor-
ciulobiT gamoixateba. magram neoplatonikosebi cdi-
lobdnen qvemoTa safexuris Sinaarsis konkretuloba
zemoTaSi, rogorc mis mizezSi, gaeazrebiaT, rogorc
sxvagvari arsebobis wesiT Semonaxuli da ara uaryo-
fili. maTi rwmeniT, aRmavlobisa da moculobis gafar-
Toebis procesi Sinaarseuli gamdidrebis procesic
unda yofiliyo. hegelis terminebi rom moviSvelioT,
maT surdaT es procesi cnebis TandaTanobiTi konkre-
tizaciis procesic yofiliyo. hegelis mTeli damsaxu-
reba isaa, rom man es umaRlesi konkretuloba raciona-
luri sistemis saxiT warmoadgina, neoplatonikosebma
ki amgvari Sinaarsis struqtura adamianisaTvis Seumec-
nebadad miiCnies. es arsebiTi viTarebaa emanaciis Teo-
riaTa momxreTaTvis, sxvagvarad verc arsebulni daub-
rundebodnen erTs da verc erTisagan samyaros mraval-

243
ferovnebis gamosxivebis Teoriuli Semowmeba moxdebo-
da.
am procesis racionalur gagebas dialeqtikuri
meTodi sWirdeboda. neoplatonizmSi misi saWiroeba
yvelgan igrZnoba, magram isini dapirispi-rebulobaze
maRla maT igiveobas ayenebdnen. amitom, analogiis me-
Tods garda, sxva saSualeba ar gaaCniaT absoluturis
Sinaarsis warmosadgenad. is, rac am meTodisaTvis aux-
snelia, mistikis sferoSia. es meTodi ki gvTavazobs,
rom absoluturSi yovelTvis igiveoba warmovidginoT
ise, rogorc TeslSia igiveobrivad mocemuli yovelive
is, rac dapirispirebulobis da gansxvavebulobis sa-
xiT gamodis mcenareSi. saerTod analogiis meTodi uf-
ro problemis aucileblobisa da uflebianobis maCve-
nebelia, vidre problemis gadaWris SesaZleblobis.
aseve absoluturi erTis simartivis problemac. roca
kuzaneli ,,areopagitikaze~ damyarebiT amtkicebda, rom
RmerTSi yovelives arsebobis da RmerTis simartivis
principebi Tavsebadiao84,411misTvisac racionalurad mi-
sawvdomi mxolod problemis aucilebloba da uflebi-
anoba iyo, mis `gadaWras~ mistikur meTods uqvemdeba-
reoboda. am viTarebas jer kidev porfiriusma gausva
xazi~. erTi yovelives Seicavs arainteleqtualurad
da hiperesencialurad.
am uflebianobisa da saWiroebis aspeqtiT Tu Sev-
xedavT filosofiis istorias, naTeli gaxdeba, rom
`martivi~ arc platonTan, arc proklesTan da arc pet-
riwTan ar niSnavs SinaarsiT Raribs da Sinagan dife-
rencirebas moklebuls. Tumca Tavisi komentarebis Se-
savalSive petriwi `martivs~ Sedgenilis sapirispiro
cnebad miiCnevs, romelic sxvaSi Sedis da Tavad nawi-
lebad ar iSleba (magaliTad, oTxi elementi)85.412termi-
nis orgvari gamoyeneba, cnebaTa aRrevis uflebas ar
iZleva. roca platoni sulis ukvdavebis mTavar sabu-
Tad mis simartives Tvlida, sxeulisagan gansxvavebiT,

244
udavoa sxvagvar simartives gulisxmobda. cxadia, suli
masTan sulac ar aris SinaarsiT Raribi da Sinagan di-
ferenciacias moklebuli. araferi rom ara vTqvaT, su-
lis sam nawilze, am fenomenSi moqceulia uamravi ukve
gacnobierebuli idea da kidev meti _ SesaZleblobis
saxiT mocemuli. Tu platoni suls mainc martivs uwo-
debs, aq udavod igulisxmeba `nawilTa~ uqonloba ki
ara, aramed, maTi raRac principulad gansxvavebuli
kavSiri imisagan, rasac grZnobadi sxeulis buneba gviC-
venebs. Cans, platoni, parmenidesagan gansxvavebiT, ar
moerida imis arsebobis daSvebas, rac logikurad aux-
sneli iyo misTvis. parmenidem xom swored imitom uar-
yo arsSi (yofierebaSi) sxvaobisa da diferenciaciis
arseboba, rom gansxvavebulTa kavSiris axsna SeuZleb-
lad miiCnia.
neoplatonikosebTan kidev ufro Zlierdeba am
auxsnelis mniSvneloba da Rirebuleba. misi erT-erTi
aRmniSvneli aris termini _ ,,martivi~, romelic raimes
SinaarsSi dapirispirebulobis ararsebulobas aRniS-
navs. am azriT, petriwisaTvis emanaciis procesi `mar-
tivobis~ mTel ierarqias warmoadgens. absoluturi er-
Tisaken Semecnebis zeaRsvlis procesSi, rac arsebul-
Ta pirvelmizezSi dabrunebis gzas warmoadgens, siw-
mindisa da simartivis zrda gamoxatavs zemoTa safe-
xurze winaaRmdegobis gareSe imis arsebobas, rac qve-
moTaSi, rogorc SedegSi, winaaRmdegobis, dapirispire-
bulTa erTianobis saxiT iyo mocemuli. amgvari mox-
sna-Senaxvis umartives magaliTs misTvis warmoadgens
sulSi winaaRmdegobis gareSe imis arseboba, rac qvemo-
TaSi, rogorc SedegSi, dapirispirebisa da winaaRmde-
gobis saxiT iyo mocemuli. sulSi amgvari erTianoba
SesaZlebelia, radgan gansxvavebiT grZnobadisagan da
saerTod sxeulisagan, suls da masSi arsebuls sivrce
ar sWirdeba Tavisi arsebobisaTvis. ar unda vifiqroT,
rom es winaaRmdegoba jer sxeulSia da Semdeg moix-

245
sneba da Seinaxeba sulSi. pirvelwyaro mimarTebaSi yo-
velTvis zemoTa regionia. yoveli aRmasvla mxolod
gameorebaa, Sebrunebuli procesia emanaciis. amrigad,
sxeulebrivSi mocemuli winaaRmdegoba jer sulSi ar-
sebobs winaaRmdegobis gareSe. igive iTqmis sulis mi-
zezze da a. S. amitom umaRles erTs, RmerTs Tavis
TavSi aqvs samyaros mTeli Sinaarsi. sulis analizi
absolutis Sinaarsis gasagebad mxolod analogiis sa-
xiT Tu gamodgeba. `...yoveli romelobani da nakueTni
da ferni da gansazidni hqonan sulsa TÂs Soris, xo-
lo ara wina mewyved da mbrZolad da arca Seaiwreben
maT TiTosaxelobiTa guarTaÁTa~86.413
`martivi~ am sityvis pirdapiri azriT rom ar un-
da gavigoT, es iqidanac Cans, rom petriwis komentareb-
Si ormagi martivia gamoyenebuli. erTia umaRlesi er-
Ti, rogorc yovelives umizezo mizezi, meorea nivTi,
uformo materia, romelic martivia am sityvis Cveuleb-
rivi azriT. masSi araviTari diferenciacia ar arse-
bobs, e. i. araviTari forma ar aris masSi moqceuli.
rac ufro diferencirebulia raime arsebulis Sinaar-
si da, rac ufro metia masSi winaaRmdegoba, miT ufro
daSorebulia is umaRles erTs da axloa materiasTan.
am aspeqtiT materiad SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rogorc
is viTareba, romelic absoluturisagan dacilebis da,
e. i. uZlurebis gamo Tavisi `nawilebis~ SeerTebas ver
axerxebs. am or principulad gansxvavebul martivs So-
risaa moqceuli diferencirebuli Sinaarsis mqone mTe-
li samyaro. rac ufro `Semravalkecebulia~ arsebuli,
miT ufro `ucxo da uSores simartivesa da Zalsa er-
Tebrsa~87.414absolutur erTSi yovelgvari SesaZlebeli
Sinaarsia mocemuli, magram `damravalkecebis~ gareSe.
neoplatonizmi, iseve, rogorc qristianoba, gamo-
ricxavs axlis, rogorc sawyisze ufro maRali Rire-
bulebis warmoSobis SesaZleblobas. pirvel sawyisSi
(erTi, RmerTi) mTeli samyaros Sinaarsi mocemulia ara

246
rogorc SesaZlebloba, aramed rogorc umaRlesi si-
namdvile. igi samyaroSi ganxorcielebiT ufro maRal
Rirebulebas da realobas ki ar iZens, aramed mniSvne-
lovnad kargavs mas. mis gamoa, rom yoveli gamovleni-
li, e. i. is, rac samyaroSi arsebobs, ukanve miiswraf-
vis pirvel mizezisaken. petriwis, iseve, rogorc niko-
loz kuzanelis Teoriis nakli is iyo, rom icavda ra
dapirispirebulobis erTianobas samyaroSi, konkretul
sagnebSi, ver dauSva erTianis gaorebis universaluri
mniSvneloba (rac jordano brunos damsaxurebaa). pet-
riwma, neoplatonuri tradiciis Tanaxmad, absolutur-
Si dapirispirebuli Sinaarsebis safuZveli dapirispi-
renulTa igiveobad warmoidgina da mistikuri intenci-
is sagnad gamoacxada. aseve fiqrobdnen petriwamdeli
da petriwis Tanamedrove arabulenovani filosofiis
warmomadgenlebi. isini aristotelikosebad Tvlidnen
Tavs, magram maTi aristotele neoplatonizebuli iyo.
amitom iyo, rom plotines mixedviT Sedgenili `aris-
toteles Teologia~ al-farabis Tavad aristoteles
naSromi egona. es didi Turqi filosofosi amtkicebda,
rom winaaRmdegoba arsebobis arasrulyofilebis gamo-
xatulebaa88.415
pirvel sawyisSi, rogorc martivSi, dapirispire-
bulobisa da winaaRmdegobis moxsniT neoplatoniko-
sebma sawyisis racionaluri axsnisa da misgan samyaros
warmoSobis gagebis SesaZlebloba gamoricxes. am prob-
lemis racionaluri axsna axlis warmoSobis amxsnel
meTods moiTxovs. es ki, Tavis mxriv, gulisxmobs mara-
diuli wrebrunvis Caketili sistemis gadalaxvas, rac
saerTod idealizmisaTvis SeuZlebelia, Tumca germa-
nulma idealizmma (boemedan dawyebuli, hegeliT dam-
Tavrebuli) am problemis mecnieruli gadaWrisaTvis
aucilebeli winamZRvrebi Seqmna. am saqmeSi neoplato-
nizmsac miuZRvis wvlili, ramdenadac mizezisa da Sede-
gis mimarTebaTa mravalmxrivi, dawvrilebiTi analiziT

247
kargad uCvenes deduqciuri sistemis safuZvelze sakiT-
xis gadaWris SesaZlebloba.
prokles `kavSirni RmrTismetyuelebiTni~, arsebi-
Tad, pirvel mizezis da mizezTa ierarqiis analizia.
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs mas petriwTanac. es
analizi petriwTan ufro refleqsuria da Tanac gan-
xorcielebulia mTels antikur filosofiasTan da
qristianuli Teologiis gamocdilebasTan mWidro kav-
SirSi. es mocemuli problemis axali aspeqtebis wamo-
wevas iwvevs. magaliTad, masTan sxvebze ufro safuZ-
vlianad aris ganxiluli pirvelmizezisa da samyarose-
ul mizezTa gansxvavebis problema, samyaroseul mi-
zezTa Sinagani struqturis sakiTxi, SemTxveviTis Se-
saZlebloba da misi adgili Tanamizezis platoniseul
gagebasTan kavSirSi, samyaros Sina mizezTa da SedegTa
mkacri korelaturoba da sxv.
neoplatonizmSi mizezisa da Sedegis yovelnairi
damokidebulebisaTvis saerTo aris is, rom mizezi uf-
ro maRla dgas, vidre Sedegi. SedegSi araferi SeiZle-
ba iyos iseTi, rac mizezSi ar aris. mizezi, gveubneba
petriwi, ewodeba `Zalsa da moqmedebas SemoqmedebiTsa~,
xolo Sedegi _ (komentarebSi mas Sedegidan gamomdina-
re, anu `mizezovani~ hqvia, rac berZnuli terminis zus-
ti gadmoRebaa qarTulad) _ `mis moqmedebisagan warmo-
yenebulsa arsebasa~89.416mizezis struqturis naTelsa-
yofad petriwi platonis `parmenides~ iSveliebs: mi-
zezSi unda iyos samnairi Zala, rac aucilebelia yove-
li `qmnilis~ arsebobisaTvis. amdenad, SeqmnilSi Cans
Semoqmedis Sinaarsi. mizezSi unda iyos forma, romel-
sac iRebs Sedegi. masSive unda iyos moqmedebis sawyisi;
`romlisa mier iqmna da ierTa~ Sedegi. mizezi unda
flobdes agreTve, im Sinaars, `romelTa nawilTagan
Sedga~ Sedegi90.417mizezs petriwTan ewodeba `warmomaar-
sebeli~, xolo Sedegs _ `warmoarsebuli~. Tavis mxriv,
Sedegis bunebac sami saxiT gamoixateba: igi SeiZleba

248
arsebobdes mis mizezSi, e. i. warmoSobamde, SeiZleba
mizezisagan gamoyofilad iyos da isic SeiZleba, rom
Tavad iyos sxvisi mizezi, e.i. mocemuli iyos Tavis Se-
degSi gansxvavebiT pirveli SesaZleblobisagan, sadac
is Tavad iyo mocemuli Tavis mizezSi. pirveli saxis
arseboba TavisTavad arsebobaze ufro Rirebulia, me-
same ki am ukanasknelze naklebia. petriwisaTvs es mi-
marTeba yoveli warmoSobilisaTvis da SeqmnilisaTvis
uryevi kanonia91.418
qarTveli moazrovne Zalze gamowvlilviT da
sxvadasxva aspeqtiT ixilavs sakiTxs. es analizi mas
kidev erTi axali qarTuli terminis Seqmnas mosTxovs.
am aspeqtis analizi misi azrovnebis siZlieris erT-er-
Ti sabuTia. saqme exeba Sedegis mizezTan kavSirisa da
imavdrouli gansxvavebis gamomxatvel termins. marTa-
lia, SedegSi iseTi araferi SeiZleba iyos, rac mizez-
Si ar aris, magram Tu Sedegi arafriT gansxvavdeba mi-
zezisagan, maSin is e.i. Sedegi, arc SeiZleba arsebob-
des. sxva sityvebiT: Tu Sedegi mxolod msgavsia mize-
zis, sxva ver iqneba, Tu mxolod gansxvavebulia, maSin
mizezTan araviTari kavSiri ar eqneba, e. i. Sedegi ar
iqneba. msgavseba petriws gamartivebulad ar esmis.
xazs usvams, rom igi igiveobasac gulisxmobs (`igiobaÁ
mzgavsebas Soris Semoicvis~92).419msgavseba SesaZlebe-
lia rogorc erTdroulad arsebulTa, ise winamavalsa
da momdevnos Soris. mizez-Sedegobriv damokidebule-
bad petriws es ukanaskneli miaCnia. Sedegis mizezisad-
mi damokidebulebis am rTuli viTarebis gamosaxatavad
petriwi qmnis dialeqtikuri azrovnebis ganviTarebis
TvalsazrisiT saintereso termins _ kompozits _ `igi-
ve sxuaÁ~ da iqve ganmartavs: `igive ukue msgavsebisa mi-
er, xolo gansxuaebuli _ umsgavsoebisagan, rameTu mo-
vals sityuaÁ, viTarmed arca msgavsi TÂnier umsgavsoo-
bisa da arc umsgavsoobaÁ TÂnier msgavsebisaÁ~93.420

249
 prokles `kavSirnis~ 75-e TavSi, romelsac tradi-
ciulad `mizezTa sxuaobisaTvis~ ewodeba, laparakia
`sakuTrebiT~ mizezze, rogorc yvela sxva saxis mize-
zisaTvis azris mimcemze. prokle ar izRudeba aristo-
teles oTxi mizeziT. igi aqac platons aniWebs upira-
tesobas. aseve iqceoda ioane italosi. platonTan igi
gamoyofda eqvs mizezs (materialuri, formaluri, Se-
moqmedebiTi, miznobrivi, organuli, paradigmaturi),
aristotelem ki fizikaSi mxolod oTxi mizezi datova
(uaryo paradigmaturi da organuli). petriwi mizezis
xuT ZiriTad saxes iRebs: SemoqmedebiTi, misrulebiTi
(miznobrivi), guarovnebiTi (formaluri), nivTovnebiTi
(materialuri) da orRanebiTi. sakuTriv mizezi Semoqme-
debiTi mizezia, radgan igi distancias inarCunebs Se-
degTan, sxva mizezebi ki Sedegis nawilebad iqceva, ro-
gorc, magaliTad, Sedegis forma anda siTbo, rogorc
Teslis gaRvivebis mizezi94.421
SemoqmedebiTi mizezi ar aris absoluturi erTi,
magram sxva mizezebze ufro hgavs mas da mis aucileb-
lobaze miuTiTebs. amitom SemoqmedebiT mizezs Sua sa-
ukuneebSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba. mis au-
cileblobas Toma akvinelic aRniSnavs aristotele-
sadmi misi erTgulebis miuxedavad. petriwTan xuTi mi-
zezis Sesaxeb moZRvrebas saukunenaxevriT adre vxvde-
biT95.422petriwi aq aristoteles da platonis mimarTu-
lebaTa principulad ganmasxvavebel niSans xedavs da
aSkarad upirispirdeba peripatoul tradicias. oTxi
mizezis Teoria mas sakuTrivi, SemoqmedebiTi mizezis
uaryofad miaCnia. SemoqmedebiTia oTxi mizezis gamaer-
Tianebeli da am azriT, damfuZnebelic stagirelma da
afrodisielis mimdevrebma, gvarwmunebs petriwi, `Se-
moqmedebiTi mizezi myofTagan eqsoria yves~96.423myofTa-
gan, e. i. kosmosisagan SemoqmedebiTi mizezis `gaZeveba~
qarTveli TeologisaTvis sakuTrivi mizezis funqciis
uaryofas niSnavs da im pirobis gauqmebas, rasac Tavad

250
aristotele Semecnebis SesaZleblobisaTvis aucileb-
lad miiCnevda. miuxedavad am kritikisa, petriwi sanimu-
Sod miiCnevs stagirelis debulebas, rom codna maSina
gvaqvs, roca pirveli mizezi viciT. magram fiqrobs,
rom mizezs amgvari funqciis Sesruleba SeuZlia mxo-
lod maSin, Tu igi distanciuria Sedegisadmi. amdenad,
mizezTa bunebis sakiTxi qarTvel moazrovnesTan moi-
cavs ganSorebuli da ganuSorebeli mizezebis gansxva-
vebis sakiTxsac.
termini `ganSorebaÁ~ petriwTan or cnebas ukav-
Sirdeba, pirveli qvemodan zemoT ziarebis mimarTebas
asaxavs. igi migviTiTebs sxeulebrivze, romelic siv-
rceSi distanciis mqonea Tavis mizezTan. idealurSi,
rogoricaa cis sferoTa maRla mdebare ideaTa samya-
ro (`namdvil myofi~), raki samganzomilebiani sivrce
ar arsebobs (adgils aq neoplatonikosebi mxolod
analogiurad uSveben), ziarebis procesi warmogvidge-
ba, rogorc ganuSorebeli97.424`cas~, rogorc sxeuleb-
rivs, magram ukvdavs, aqac saSualo adgili ukavia an
ori saxis mizezs Soris. aq kvlav siZnele warmoiSoba.
petriwi sxeulebrivs ver miawers damoukidebeli aqti-
vobis unars Tundac imitom, rom gansxeuleba mxolod
RvTaebrivi Zalis Sedegia. sxeuli saerTod aqtiuria
mxolod imitom, rom masSi suli arsebobs. suli SeiZ-
leba ganSorebadi iyos sxeulisagan da SeiZleba ganu-
Sorebeli (suls neoplatonikosebi mcenareebSi da
qvebSic uSveben). sxeulis ubralo moZraobac ki sulis
aqtivobis gamovlinebaa. mkacrad Tu vityviT, sxeuli
TavisTavad mxolod Tanmxlebi mizezi SeiZleba iyos,
anu `Tanmizezi~. mizezTa aRniSnuli xuTi saxidan igi
gamoxatavs `orRanebrivi~ mizezis Taviseburebas. na-
TelyofisaTvis petriwi platonis magaliTebs iSveli-
ebs: `mizez asoTa mwerali, xolo Tanmizez-kalami~, ga-
mojanmrTelebis mizezi eqimis xelovnebaa, xolo `Tan-
mizez dakazmvaÁ wamalTaÁ~98.425

251
 98-e Tavis komentarSi, roca idealuri da sxeu-
lebrivi mizezebis gansxvavebas arCevs, petriwi sxvagva-
rad iyenebs `ganSorebad~ da `ganuSoreblis~ termi-
nebs. ganSorebuli mizezi idealurs aRniSnavs da
`ezesTaebis ganuSorebelsa mizezsa~. saerTod yoveli
usxeulo mizezi aris `ganSorebul TÂs gamo mizezoan-
Tagan~, radgan isini vrceulni ar arian da arc sxeul-
Si arian moqceulni am sityvis pirdapiri azriT, mar-
Talia suli (magaliTad, cis da yoveli sxeulis) qmnis
sxeulTa agebulebas, magram es ar niSnavs, rom is sxe-
ulSia, sinamdvileSi, suli `zesTa Zes da Soris sxe-
ulTagan~99.426aq suli da sxeuli ganxilulia, rogorc
mizezi da Sedegi. Tu gavixsenebT, rom petriwisaTvis
`zesTa Zes~ niSnavs ufro metis momcvels (`yoveli mi-
zezi Semoswers TÂs gamo warmodgomilTa~)100,427gasagebi
iqneba, rom misTvis suli ki ar aris mocemuli sxeuli-
sagan da sxeulSi, aramed moicavs sxeuls, rogorc
aravrceli vrcels101.428aq xelaxla dgeba is problema,
romelic platonma `parmenideSi~ daayena da aristo-
telem platonis memkvidreebis winaaRmdeg braldebad
gamoiyena (idealuri, rogorc tilos msgavsad gadafa-
rebuli sxeulebs da a.S.). petriwi fiqrobs, rom suls
Tu sxeulSi moqceulad CaTvliT, mas adgilic mieCine-
ba da amdenad ganfenili gaxdeba, sxeulebrivad iqceva.
siZneleebi, romlis winaSec dgeba sulis mier sxeulis
momcvelobis principi, cxadia, aranaklebia. mis gada-
saWrelad sulis ganufenlobis wamoyeneba, mxolod sa-
kiTxis dayenebaa da ara gadaWra. isic aRsaniSnavia,
rom azrTa amgvari ganviTareba, rogorc petriwTan,
iseve saerTod platonur tradiciaSi, ewinaaRmdegeba
am koncefciis erT-erT dogmas, romelic mogonebis Te-
oriis safuZvlad devs: individuri sulis arsebobas
da sulTa grZnobad qveyanaSi `Camovardnas~, mis moqce-
vas sxeulSi, rogorc saflavSi, romelsac man SeiZle-
ba kvlav daaRwios Tavi. imaze miTiTeba, rom yovelive

252
es analogiis uflebiT aris daSvebuli, damakmayofi-
lebeli pasuxi ver iqneba, radgan analogias iq mimar-
Taven, sadac pirdapiri da damajerebeli dasabuTeba
SeuZlebelia.
roca petriwi mxolobiTSi xmarobs `mizezs~ iseve,
rogorc `RmerTs~, igulisxmeba absoluturi sawyisi.
mizezisagan mizezTa simravleze gadasvla masTan xde-
ba (piTagoruli da platonuri tradiciis mixedviT) im
mosaSualis gziT, romelsac `pirveli sazRvari da
pirveli usazRvroba~ ewodeba102.429komentarebSi ki _
`SemoqmedebiTi wyaroni~. es kategoriaTa pirveli kore-
laturi wyvilia. isini mxolod erTad xdian SesaZleb-
lad absoluturisagan gansxvavebul mizezebs, rogo-
ric Taviseburi pirveli forma da pirveli Sinaarsi
(pirveli materia). am kategoriuli wyvilis mraval in-
terpretaciaTaASoris petriwi imas irCevs, romelic
maTSi maerTebel da mamravlebel Zalebs xedavs da mi-
zezTa rigSi aqcevs, rogorc `mamebriv~ da `dedebriv~
mizezebs, `rameTu usazRvroi Zali ars niadag gamrav-
lebis warmomSobeli, xolo pirveli sazRvari samara-
disod maerTebeli ars da erTguar myofeli~103.430ami-
tom es ori mizezi da wyaro tolfasni ar arian, Tum-
ca erTnairad aucilebelia. Seumecnebadma erTma maT-
gan Seqmna namdvil myofis, anu ideaTa samyaro, rome-
lic ukve martivi aRar aris. pirveli sazRvridan mii-
Ro formis (guaris) mixedviT daunawevrebloba, xolo
pirveli usazRvroobidan is `usazRvro ars Zali-
Ta~104.431amgvari midgomis gamo, absolutur erTs `yo-
velTaA mama~ ewodeba. mamebrivi pirveli yovel Seq-
mnils SemoqmedebiT da dambadeblobiT Zalas aZlevs.
es ki niSnavs, rom mizezTaA ierarqiaSi mamebrivi mize-
zi SemoqmedebiT mizezze ufro maRla dgas, e.i. ufro
sayovelTaoa. Ffunqciuri gansxvaveba maT Soris isaa,
rom mamobrivi mizezi qmnis yovelgvari wanamZRvrisa da
pirobis gareSe. igi `araobisagan aRiqms~ araradan

253
qmnis rogorc pirvel usazRvrobas, ise pirvel saz-
Rvars. SemoqmedebiT mizezebs ki Zala aqvT iq, sadac
ukve Sedgenili da gaformebuli myofia, e.i. ukve arse-
buls aZleven sxvadasxvagvar struqturas105.432`araobis~
termini aq aRniSnavs srul ararsebobas da ara materi-
as (nivTs), rogorc emanaciis bolo safexurs, romel-
Sic, ramdenadac isic absoluturi Seqmnilia, mainc
vxvdebiT mis raRacnair Zalas, rogorc `kualTa guar-
Tasa~.
am ganazrebaSi kargad Cans tradicia da siaxle
neoplatonizmSi. platonis `timeosi~, romlis ganmsaz-
Rvreli msofmxedvelobiTi mniSvnelovba neoplatoniz-
mamde da neoplatonizmisaTvis poseidoniosma (135-51)
daasabuTa, aqac ganmsazRvreli rCeba. demiurgi, idea-
TaA samyaro, materia _ es samkuTxedi aqac saxezea. gan-
sxvavebuli isaa, rom demiurgi absolutur Zalad iqce-
va, romelic pirovnulobas da mizans moklebulia. mas
mxolod sikeTe unarCundeba, romelic totaluri auci-
leblobisagan ganusxvavebelia. igi jer qmnis Tvisebri-
obis, formis pirvel pirobas, rogorc `pirvel saz-
Rvars~ da masalas misTvis, rogorc `pirvel usaz-
Rvrobas~. am masalas da `nivTs~ Soris emanaciis safe-
xurTan mTeli rigia. sainteresoa, rom `pirveli saz-
Rvari~ petriwis komentarebSi mocemulia, rogorc
qristes (`upirmSoesi sityvis~) filosofiuri gamoxa-
tuleba106.433bunebrivia, samebis mesame wevris suliwmi-
dis fardad, `pirveli usazRvroba~ rCeba, rogorc pir-
veli sityvis Zalis gamavrceleblisa, magram petriw-
Tan amis Sesaxeb verafers vxvdebiT. rogorc Cans, igi
miuTiTebda qristianuli dogmatikisa da neopla-
tonizmis Tanxmobaze mxolod iq, sadac idealisturi
Teoria da dogmatika erTmaneTs xvdeboda, xolo sit-
yvasityviT Seguebas aucileblad ar Tvlida.
emanaciuri mizezobriobis rTul struqturaSi ar-
sebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs im mimarTebebs, romelTac Se-

254
saZleblobisa da sinamdvilis kategoriebi asaxavs.
aristoteles mier am rTul kategoriaTa damuSavebis
kvali petriwTan sxva neoplatonikosebze ufroa xaz-
gasmuli. SesaZleblobas (δύναμις) igi uwodebs `Zals~,
xolo sinamdviles (™νέργεια) _ `moqmedebaÁs~. komenta-
rebSi vxvdebiT sityva `SesaZlos~ Tanamedrove mniSvne-
lobiT, romelsac petriwi, rogorc `Zalisagan~ nawar-
moebs, kategoriis aRmniSvnel terminamde ar amaRlebs.
xSiradaa gamoyenebuli termini `namdvili~, romelic
mxolod arsebobas gamoxatavs da ara im aspeqts, rom
ganamdvilebeli SesaZlebloba moqmedebiT namdvildeba
da arsebobs moqmedebaSi.
SesaZlebloba iyofa orad: srulad da usrulad.
am neoplatonur debulebas petriwi ase ganmartavs:
srulia Zali, romelsac `moqmedebaÁ TÂs Soris war-
modgomia~, e.i. ganxorcielebis Zala Tavis TavSive aqvs,
xolo usruls ganxorcielebisaTvis, e.i. sakuTari Ta-
vis gaSlisaTvis, amoqmedebisaTvis sWirdeba sxva. igi
mxolod amgvari daxmarebiT `warmatebisagan movals
moqmedebad~107.434magaliTad, kvercxi mxolod SesaZleb-
lobaa frinvelis, am SesaZleblobis ganxorcielebi-
saTvis aucilebelia gareSe piroba _ siTbo.
moZravi, grZnobadi sinamdvile am meore kategori-
as ganekuTvneba, misi rogorc SesaZleblobis myofad
qcevisaTvis, misi gamovlenisaTvis, saWiroa `moqmedebi-
Ti Zali~, romelsac mis mimarT SemoqmedebiTi mizezis
funqcia akisria. meore Zala, anu SesaZlebloba TviT
masSia. igi Tumca qvemdebarea da nivTi, mainc mTlad
pasiuri arc is aris moqmedebiTi Zalis mimarT. mas un-
da hqondes unari am zemoqmedebis miRebisa, rasac Tavi-
si wvlili Seaqvs SedegSi. es unari e.i. `simarjueÁ
Sewynarebad moqmedebaTa uzesTaesisa....~108,435vrceldeba
yovel arsebulze, adamianTa CaTvliT, da maT Soris
sxvaobis maCvenebilia.

255
 SesaZleblobisa da sinamdvilis kategoriaA mimar-
Teba aucilebelia im universaluri principis gasage-
bad, romelsac emyareba neoplatonizmis ontologiac
da Semecnebis Teoriac. misi wyaroa anaqsagora, rom-
lis homoiomeriebis, rogorc eqstensiuri (raodenobri-
vi), ise intensiuri usasruloba SesaZleblobas aZlev-
da wamoeyenebina debuleba_`yoveliveSi nawilia yove-
livesagan~ (™ν παντί πάντος)109.436es principi Seucvleli
gaxda momdevno filosofiisaTvis. proklesTan am prin-
cipis formulirebas petriwi ase Targmnis: `yoveli yo-
velsa Soris, xolo sakuTrebiT TiToeuls So-
ris~110.437yoveli arseba amis magaliTad gamodgeba, iqne-
ba es kronosi, mze, afrodita Tu sxva sferoebi. yvel-
gan isevea es principi ZalaSi, rogorc oTxi elementis
mimarTebaSi, rac maTi kavSirisa da gansxvavebis gamom-
xatvelia: oTxive elementia miwaSi, magram ise, rom upi-
ratesoba raodenobrivi da Tvisebrivic, miwasa aqvs.
amitom es simravle miwis saxes iRebs, asevea wyalSi,
oRond, rogorc petriwi ityvis _ `wylierad, da airsa
Soris airielad da cecxlsa Soris cecxlierad~111.438
absoluturi erTi yovelives Tavis TavSi Seicavs,
rogorc namdvils da Tanac umaRlesi realobiT,
magram Seumecnebadad. es uzrunvelyofs SesaZleblobi-
sadmi sinamdvilis primatis aristoteliseul debule-
bas. uzrunvelyofs ufro mtkiced, vidre es Tavad sta-
girelTan iyo, radgan masTan pirveli materiis, ro-
gorc SesaZleblobis damoukidebeli `arseboba~ saku-
Tari wvlilis mqonea kosmosSi.
absoluturi erTi, rogorc wminda sinamdvile, an
ukeT, zesinamdvile, namdvilmyofis, e.i. ideaTa samya-
ros saxiT avlens Tavisi Sinaarsis garkveul aspeqts.
ideaTa samyaroSi ukve SesaZleblobis saxiT aqvs Ta-
visSi yoveli Semdgomi, maTTvis isini arian `viTar
zesT Teslni~112.439magram Tavad am sferoSi jer kidev
ar aris gansxvavebuli SesaZlebloba da sinamdvile,

256
radgan aq ar arsebobs samganzomilebiani sivrce da
dro. komentarebSi gansxvavebulia raime sagnis arse-
bis, rogorc misi namdvilobis da masSi arsebuli Se-
saZlebobis aspeqtTa garda, agreTve, moqmedebis saxiT
am SesaZleblobis gamovlineba. ontologiuri da Rire-
bulebiTi xarisxis klebis principi aqac daculia.
aqac `Zalni da moqmedebani, udares arsebaTaÁsa
arian~113.440am saxiT `Zali~ aris is, rac raime myofSi
mocemulia jer ganuxorcielebeli momdevno safexuris
saxiT. magram amgvari gageba ver moicavs im Sinaarss,
romelic SesaZleblobis ganxorcielebis, rogorc ze-
aRsvlis procesis saxiT gvevlineba da romelsac ver
ugulebelyofs neoplatonikosi, radgan kosmosis
mTlianobisaTvis, rogorc maradiuli procesisaTvis,
isic aucilebelia. aseTia, upirveles yovlisa, globa-
luri procesi pirvel sawyisSi dabrunebisa (`ukut-
rfobaÁ~), magram aramarto es. SesaZleblobis da sinam-
dvilis mimarTebis gansxvavebuli saxea Teslisa da
mcenaris an cxovelis mimarTeba, razedac petriwi ara-
erTxel miuTiTebs.
problemis aucilebel aspeqtTa amgvari simravlis
gamo petriwi SesaZleblobis (`Zalis~) sam saxes gamoh-
yofs: I. droSi da sivrceSi mimdinares. aq SesaZleblo-
ba gvaris sruli gamovlenis unaria (kvercxi _ frinve-
li) da e.i. Rirebulebis amaRleba. aq arsebuli `usru-
lebisgan movals srulebad~. SesaZleblobis da sinam-
dvilis mimarTebis es saxe aristotelem, stoelebma da
peripatoelebma ikvlieso yvelaze srulad; II. SesaZ-
lebloba maradiulobaSi, sadac igi Tavis sinamdviles-
Tan erTad arsebobs. es aris ideaTa samyaro; III. SesaZ-
lebloba da sinamdvile pirvel erTSi. aq maTi gansxva-
vebis warmodgenac ar SeiZleba, magram Seumecnebadi
erTis mimarT mainc xmaroben am ketegoriebs, radgan
isaa yovelives pirvelwyaro da amave dros principu-
lad gansxvavebuli da daSorebuli yoveli arsebuli-

257
sagan114.441amgvari gamoyenebiT SesaZleblobisa da sinam-
dvilis mimarTebis kidev erTi aspeqti vlindeba, ker-
Zod, erTisa da simravlis damokidebuleba. emanaciis
procesSi erTis gamravleba (magaliTad, pirveli cis,
pirveli sxeulis da sxv.) niSnavs RvTaebrivi Zalis
klebas, e. i. iklebs sinamdvilis Rirebulebac. rac See-
xeba ukusvlis process, aq xdeba simravlis gaerTiane-
ba, romelic absolutur erTSi yovelgvari simravlis
moxsniT Tavdeba. simravlis moxsna da Senaxva erTSi
Rirebulebis da realobis amaRlebis procesia. SesaZ-
leblobisa da sinamdvilis mesame, Tu SeiZleba ase iT-
qvas, horizontaluri mimarTeba arc erTSi ar moeqceva,
magram petriwi amas Tvals ar aridebs. es aris Rirebu-
lebis amaRleba imave sferoSi, imave gvarSi, magali-
Tad, roca xorblis marcvali gamravldeba, dasaxsvris
saxiT, masSi gamovlindeba. `wuelaÁ, fxaÁ, lerwami, mux-
li~. am dros xorbali `usrulobisgan srulebad mo-
vals~115.442
petriwis ontologiis gageba saWiroebs drois
problemis adgilis analizs mis msoflmxedvelobaSi.
sivrcis problema mas imdenad ar awuxebs. Tavad termi-
ni `sivrce~ petriwTan mxolod erT-erTia sami ganzomi-
lebidan (`gansazididan~). igi sifarTea, sigrZisa da
siRrmis gverdiT. is, rasac dRes sivrce ewodeba, aRi-
niSneba terminiT _ `adgili~. `adgil-Sorisoba~ sxeu-
lebrivi specifikaa. roca gvarTa da ideaTa adgilzea
msjeloba, es analogiis wesiT unda gavigoT, radgan
idealurs ara aqvs moculoba, rac yovel vrceuls
axasiaTebs. amrigad, sivrce specifikuria sxeulisaT-
vis. yvelaferi, rac masSia, moqceuli, Sedgenilia da
miznobriv moZraobas emorCileba. mas TavisSi aqvs Ta-
visi moZraobis misken miswrafeba, rogorc misi entele-
qia. sul sxva struqturisaa dro. igi tradiciulad
Tavsatex problemas warmoadgenda. es sirTule naTlad
Cans petriwTanac.

258
 sivrce miTosur cnobierebaSic ganicdeboda, ro-
gorc pasiuri samyofi adgili. drois aqtivobis Sedegi
ki sakuTari warmavlobis saxiT yvelas Tvalwin hqon-
da. SemTxveviTi ar iyo, rom anaqsimandris saxeliT Se-
morCenil fragmentSi, romelic jerjerobiT evropuli
filosofiuri azrovnebis pirveli dokumentia, dros
aucileblobisa da samarTlianobis cnebaTa Soris
vxvdebiT. igi gvamcnobs, rom apeironisagan gamoyofili
sagnebi erTmaneTs anadgureben `drois wesrigis mixed-
viT~116,443dros, iseve rogorc moZraobis, cnebebSi gamo-
xatvis pirveli cda eleatebTan marcxiT damTavrda,
magram ara uSedegod. platonis mier zegrZnobadi da
grZnobadi samyaroebis droTa gansxvaveba, swored maT
gamocdilebas gulisxmobs. aristotele Tavisi maswav-
leblis moZRvrebis am aspeqtsac kritikulad da rea-
lurad (miTosuri gamoricxviT) miudga. am problemis
aporetikaSi igi avlens TiTqmis yvela im siZneles, ro-
melic drois problemasTan aris dakavSirebuli, ro-
gorc subieqturi, ise obieqturi mxriT. isic aRsaniSna-
via, rom stagireli am problemas yvelaze naklebad
damuSavebulad Tvlida.
petriwis komentarebSi aristoteles moZRvreba
drois Sesaxeb mTeli sisruliTaa mocemuli. gamonak-
lisia drois subieqtze (sulze rogorc damTvlelze)
damokidebulebis SesaZleblobis gaTvaliswineba. mra-
vali moazrovne Tvlida, rom aristoteles, miuxedavad
mis mier Catarebuli specialuri analizisa, drois
problemis gadaWris saqme, platonTan SedarebiT win
ar wauwevia. jer kidev plotine akritikebda aristo-
teles am poziciidan117.444petriwic ZiriTadad am tradi-
cias misdevs, magram gacilebiT met pativiscemas iCens
stagirelisadmi vidre misi winamorbedni, anda misi Ta-
namedrove bizantieli filosofosebi. amave tradiciis
Sesabamisad (prokle, amonios ermisi, miqael fselosi,

259
ioane italosi) igi cdilobs uCvenos, rom ZiriTadi da
arsebiTi drois problemaSic platonidan modis.
am problemas vrclad da safuZvlianad warmoad-
genen `kavSirnis~ 50, 51, 52 da 53 Tavebis komentarebi.
Tanamedrove qarTvel mkiTxvels gaaocebs is garemoeba,
rom mTels am kvlevaSi da saerTod mTels TargmanSi
terminsa da sityva _ `dros~ versad SexvdebiT. misi
adgili ukavia sityvas _ ,,Jami~. imdroindel qarTul
literaturul ZeglebSi dro ixmareba `vadis~, anda
xvedris azriT, `droebas~ dayovnebis azriT vxedavT
basili kesarielis `swavlaTa~-s efTvime aToneliseul
TargmanSi118.445`vadas~ niSnavs igi rusTvelTanac. es
procesi, saxeldobr enaSi `drois~ mier `Jamis~ ZiriTa-
di mniSvnelobis miTvisebisa, TavisTavad Zalze sainte-
resoa am fenomenis erovnuli gancdis gagebisaTvis.
drois miCneva `vadad~, romelic micemuli aqvs adamians
da saerTod yovel konkretul arsebas imaze miuTi-
Tebs, rom dro eniT cnobierebaSi Zalze mWidrodaa da-
kavSirebuli adamianis cxovrebis sazrisTan, mis amqvey-
niur movaleobasTan. es kavSiri `Jamis~ terminis moxma-
rebiT petriwTanac naTlad Cans, magram termini `dro~
mas, albaT, Zalze subieqturad miaCnda.
komentarebSi, upirveles yovlisa, drois (Jamis)
da masSi arsebuli bunebis raobis sakiTxia damaluli.
_ `ra» ars buneba» Jamisa» anu viTar Jamis Soris-
ni~119...446Tavad prokle sakiTxis gadmocemisas ar asaxe-
lebs arc erT moazrovnes, romelsac emyareba, magram
platonis komentarebSi igi vrclad ixilavs winamorbe-
debs da petriwi iyenebs am masalas, Tumca misiT ar
izRudeba. ZiriTadad yuradRebas igi uTmobs drois
aristoteliseul gagebas, romelic `fizikaSia~ mocemu-
li.
pirvel yovlisa, petriwi terminebs azustebs. misi
azriT qarTuli sityva `Jami~ ar gamodgeba berZnuli
`χρόνος~-is Sesatyvisad. igi berZnuli `καιρός~-is Sesat-

260
yvisia, romelic qronosis nawilia. amitom petriwi
qronoss qarTuli transkrifciiT xmarobs. es misTvis
ar aris ubralo terminologiuri viTareba. igi saWi-
roa, raTa dasabuTdes drois platonuri koncefcia,
saxeldobr grZnobad da zegrZnobad samyaroTa droe-
bis gansxvavebis debuleba. aristotele da peripatoel-
ni amtkicebdnen, rom `dro moZraobis zomaa~447. es niS-
navs, rom maTTvis dro vrceldeba mxolod imaze, rac
moZraobs, e.i. mxolod imaze, rac kosmosSia, pirveli
mamoZravebeli mis miRmaa. ramdenadac arsebobs ara
mxolod sxeuli, petriws surs daasabuTos, rom yovel
arsebuls aqvs misi Sesabamisi dro, aRniSnulisagan
gansxvavebuli. aristotele winaaRmdegobad Tvlida
ramdenime drois erTad daSvebas. komentarebSi nacadia
dasabuTdes, rom kosmosis sxvadasxva sferoSi sxvadas-
xvagvari moZraobaa, amitom dro sxvadasxvagvaria Svi-
dive sferoSi, magram zedroulis Sesabamisi `dro~ ma-
inc maTgan principulad gansxvavebulia. garda amisa,
maTgan gansxvavebulia dro grZnobadi samyarosi, rome-
lic oTxi elementisagan aris Semdgari. kosmosis sfe-
roebi arsebobs sayovelTao droSi (`sayovelTaosa Jam-
sa Sorisad~), xolo grZnobadi _ `nawilebiTsa Jamsa
Sorisad~121.448am ukanasknelSi yvelaze metia dapirispi-
reba formasa (guarsa) da materias, miznobriobasa da
aucileblobas Soris. amitom aq, am warmaval, grZnobad
arsebaTa sferoSi moqmedebs bediswera, rogorc gange-
bisagan gansxvavebuli. bediswera (bedi, xuedri) Sem-
TxveviTobebSi ikvlevs gzas122.449
rogorc Cans, petriwi icnobs prokles naSroms _
`gangebis, bedisweris da Tavisufali nebis Sesaxeb~, sa-
dac vrclad ixilavs gangebis (winaswarWvretis) da be-
disweris gansxvavebis sakiTxs. gangeba mxolod keTi-
lis mizezad cxaddeba, bedi ki nivTTa kavSirebisa, ro-
melic sayovelTao ar aris da mxolod saboloo anga-
riSiT emorCileba gangebas123.450

261
 Jamis maradiul cvalebadobaSi mainc aris raRac
iseTi, rac Jams ar emorCileba da, e.i. usxeuloa. igi
umaRlesi sawyisis Tavisebur Tanaobas (petriwis ter-
minia, romelic Tanyofnis sinonimia) gamoxatavs cvale-
badSi. igia sagnis arseba, rogorc misi buneba. warma-
val saganTa arseba waruvali da ukvdavia. kvdeba esa
Tu is adamiani da ara `adamianoba~124451platonTan ga-
mokveTili gansxvaveba erTdroulisa da zogadis arse-
bobis wesTa Soris, TavisTavad didi mniSvnelobis aR-
moCena, neoplatonikosebs idealuri sferos primatis
dasasabuTeblad aqvT gamoyenebuli. petriwi erTmane-
Tisgan ganasxvavebs zogadis, rogorc platonis ideaTa
arsebobis wess da arsebis, rogorc sagnis aristote-
liseuli formis myofobas. sagnis arseba mis mier ide-
is mibaZvis xarisxis gamomxatvelia. ramdenadac sakiT-
xi amjerad sagnis Sinagan arsebas exeba amdenad qar-
Tveli filosofosi sakiTxis ufro Rrmad Seswavlis
msurvelT aristoteles Sromaze _ `qmnisa da xrwnisa-
sa~-ze miuTiTebs.
es ar niSnavs, rom is aristoteles yvelaferSi
eTanxmeba am problemis analizisas. drois ganszaRvra
aristoteles mier_`dro moZraobis sazomia~ _ marTa-
lia, sworia grZnobadi samyaros mimarT, magram Tu mas
universalur gansazRvrebad CavTvliT, e. i. saerTod
yovelgvar droze gavavrcelebT, es drois bunebis dak-
nineba da damcireba iqneba. damcireba iqneba amasTan
SedarebiT, rasac drois Sesaxeb gveubnebian `didi
platon da yovelni RrmTismetyuelni~125.452am RvTismet-
yvelTa Soris aristoteles saxels ver vxvdebiT, am-
gvari uTanxmoebis gamo da ara imitom, rom avtori mas
saerTod ar Tvlis RvTismetyuelad. komentarebis bo-
losityvaobaSi laparakia aristoteles `metafizikaze~
(`Semdgomad bunebiTTisaÁ~), rogorc mis Teologiaze.
aqedan SeiZleba ufro gasagebi gaxdes petriwis sityve-
bi imis Taobaze, rom xelSewyobis SemTxvevaSi SemeZ-

262
loo `mearistotelura da RrmTismetyuelebaÁ nivTisa-
gan miuxebeli warmomeyena~126.453es survili SeiZleba
niSnavedes aristoteles msgavsad Teologiis mwyobrad
da logikurad gadmocemas, magram platonuris da ara
stagirelisa. aristotele mainc adamianuri genia iyo
neoplatonikosisaTvis da misi mibaZva mkrexelobad ar
CaiTvleboda.
drois problemisadmi msgavs midgomas vxedavT sa-
masi wlis Semdeg aRorZinebis karibWesTan mdgar moaz-
rovnesTan, aseve prokles mowafe nikoloz kuzanelTan.
naSromSi _ `nadiroba sibrZneze~ (1463 w.), igi TiTqos
imeorebda misTvis savsebiT ucnobi qarTveli moazrov-
nis debulebas, ityvis rom moZraobis sazomi
droa127454da fiqrobs, rom platoni ufro Rrmad xedav-
da problemis arss, roca amtkicebda, rom dro Tavis
mxriv, `maradiulis xatia~. magram maTi poziciebis gan-
sxvavebac mniSvnelovania. petriwisagan gansxvavebiT,
romis eklesiis kardinali amtkicebda, rom samyaros
hqonda dasawyisi da eqneba dasasrulic.
dro, rogorc maradiulis xati da saxe, petri-
wis azriT, msgavsicaa da gansxvavebuli Tavisi idea-
luri nimuSisagan. neoplatonikosisaTvis Sedegs aras-
dros SeuZlia Tavisi mizezis mTeli simdidre aiTvi-
sos. amitom maradiulSi uZravad da drois gareSe ar-
sebuli, grZnobadSi da sxeulebrivSi droTi da moZra-
obiTaa warmodgenli sasrulos moZraobaSi (cvaleba-
dobaSi, wrebrunvaSi, memkvidreobaSi), narCundeba misi
arseba, rogorc uZravi, e. i. zedrouli. maradiulSi ki
arseboba da arseba erTi da igivea. moZraobasTan er-
Tad mas ar axasiaTebs awmyo, warsuli da momavali.
droSi ki yvelaferi maTi saSualebiT izomeba. es miR-
muri, uZravi maradisobaa. `mun maradisobasa myofobaÁ
uZravad gamanebul ars, xolo aqa, xronois Soris ma-
radisobaÁ pirvelad Semdgomad da gardasulad da

263
awad da momavlad ganyofil ars.... mun maradisobasa
Soris.... erTbamad yoveli~128.455
komentarebSi drois rTuli struqturaa warmod-
genili. droSi moZravis saxiT arsebobs maradiulic
(cis moZraoba, sayovelTao suli) da grZnobad-warmava-
lic. Sesabamisad, gansxvavebulia sayovelTao Jami, ro-
melic moicavs sayovelTao sxeuls, saxeldobr, cas da
nawilebiT Jams, oTxi elementisagan Semdgarsa da war-
mavals rom moicavs da gansazRvravs. ca marTalia, sxe-
ulebrivia, magram Sedgeba ara oTxi elementisagan,
aramed mexuTesagan. cisa da ciur sxeulTa Semadgenel
am elements laTinuri saxeli _ kvintesencia SerCa,
rac petriwisaTvis ucnobi iyo.
petriws ar aviwydeba arc `myis~-is, rogorc dro-
is Semadgenelis, is dialeqtikuri Sinaarsi, romelic
mas aristotelesTan hqonda. myisi (ušον) iseTive minima-
luri viTarebaa droisa, rogorc wertili sxeulisa.
siZnele imaSia danaxuli, rom `myisi viTar uJamoÁ da
umswraflesi~, rogorc `aw~ (awmyo) droSia moqceuli,
magram, amave dros drois nawili ver iqneba, radgan am
SemTxvevaSi masac unda hqondes nawilebi, unda hqondes
raRacnairi sidide, radgan `yovelsa Jamsa unda raÁzo-
mive gansazidi~129.456
debuleba: yovelive izomeba droiT _ ornairad
SeiZleba gavigoT: 1. dro zemoqmedebs imaze, rac mis
sferoSi arsebobs, aZlevs mas sakuTar xasiaTs da, 2.
dro mxolod zomavs, aRricxavs imas, rac misgan damo-
ukidebelia. aristoteles surda, moZraobasTan erTad
drois obieqturi mniSvnelobac daefuZnebina. dro da
moZraoba masTan erTmaneTs gansazRvravs. petriws ki,
platonuri tradiciis Tanaxmad, miaCnia, rom swored
dro gansazRvravs da zomavs moZraobas, aseve moZravs.
marTalia, xSirad moZraobidan vecnobiT drois xasi-
aTs, magram vecnobiT rogorc mizezs: `yovelive Jami
Tan miscems TÂsTa gamoTa da TÂs SorisTa yovelTa

264
TÂsTa TvisebaTa~130.457es viTareba petriws Zalian mar-
tivad warmoudgenia: Cven magaliaTad, cxovelis asaks
vzomavT weliwadis mixedviT, e. i. cocxal arsebas gar-
kveuli raodenobis weli aqvs xvedrad da es gansaz-
Rvravs mis arsebobas (dasawyiss, zrdas, dasasruls),
`xolo weliwadi yoveli Jamia~131.458
drois bunebis gamomxatvel terminebs `_iyoi, da
iyosi da saSual maT awi~ petriwi platonis `timeo-
sis~ mixedviT ayalibebs. magram igi yovelTvis moxaru-
lia, roca aristoteles mier problemis konkretuli
analizi eTanxmeba platonis principebs. moZraoba ori-
vesaTvis raRac ufro maRlisaken swrafvaa. aristote-
le mkacrad icavs maswavleblis azrs imis Taobaze,
rom umaRlesi, rogorc miznobrivi mizezi, martivia da
uZravi. magram petriwisaTvis cnobilia, rom platonma
`sofisteSi~, romelic `parmenidesTan~ erTad TviT
kritikul safexurs qmnis mis ganviTarebaSi, ideaTa
samyaros maxasiaTebel xuT kategoriaSi moZraobac Se-
itana (arseba, TvToba, sxuaoba, dgoma da midreka).
drois mniSvnelobis gaazrebis dros es mxare ar aris
gamoyenebuli komentarebSi. albaT, petriwi fiqrobda,
rom isini SeuTavsebelia platonis ZiriTad princip-
Tan, romlis mixedviT, moZraoba mxolod xatia maradi-
ulis da uZravis. ideebi xom usxeuloa da maTi moZra-
obisaTvis sxeulis garda am sferoSi sivrcis Setanac
iqneboda saWiro.
roca drois cnobil aporias ayalibebs (is, rac
Sedgeba ararsebulisagan, e. i. warsulisa da momavli-
sagan, Cans, ar SeiZleba arsebuli iyos) aristotele
arafers ambobs imis Taobaze, rom igive SeiZleba moZ-
raobis Sesaxebac iTqvas, romlis sazomadac dros miiC-
nevs. misTvis xom yvela moZravi sagani (gansxvavebiT
platonisagan) materialobasTan iyo kavSirSi? komenta-
rebSi petriwi, roca prokles debulebas ganmartavs,
swored moZraobis aporias aqcevs yuradRebas. prokles

265
debuleba aseTia: `erTdroulad mocemuli mTelis sa-
xiT ar SeiZleba arsebobdes is, rac drois moZraobaSi
arsebobs da ganzidulia masSi~. qarTveli filosofo-
sis azriT, es imas niSnavs, rom qmnadi saerTod ar Se-
iZleba iyos namdvili arsi, radgan arsebuli moZrao-
biT SeuRlebulia ararsTan, araobasTan. amitom aris,
rom moZravi arasdrosaa WeSmariti mTeli, e. i. iseTi,
romelSic araferia ararsisagan. qmnadSi yovelTvis
`romelime gardasula, xolo romelime zed Semosrula
da ara warmodomila~132.459
aristoteles mimdevrebi, romelTac gaaZlieres
stagirelis moZRvrebis materialuri tendenciebi, pet-
riwis azriT, icaven fizikuri realobis damoukideb-
lobas. amitom isini arc ki svamen kiTxvas imis Taoba-
ze, rac fizikis miRma arsebuls zomavs, e. i. imgvar re-
alobas, romelic ar emorCileba arc moZraobas, arc
sivrces da arc dros. iq igulisxmeba ara absoluturi
erTi, romlis yoveliveze batonoba brwyinvaled daasa-
buTa aristotelem `metafizikaSi~, aramed moZrav kos-
mossa da erTs Soris arsebuli idealuris samefo, ra-
sac aristotelec uaryofda.
petriws idealuri sferos sazomi ainteresebs. es
is sferoa, sadac arc moZraoba, arc Jami da arc sxeu-
lebrivi arsebobaa, radgan idealurs ar aqvs nawilebi.
magram raki Sinaganad diferencirebuli funqciebis
mqone arsebulia (ideaTaa sfero), arsebobis garkveuli
sazomi masac unda hqondes. neoplatonikosebi mas ter-
mini αίων-iT aRniSnaven. petriwma, rogorc vnaxeT, `xro-
nosisaTvis~ qarTuli Sesatyvisi ver naxa, magram αίων-
saTvis moZebna termini _ `saukunoÁ~, rogorc maradiu-
lobis aRmniSvneli da ara _ 100 wlis. am sityvas ase-
Tive mniSvnelobiT ukve efTvime aToneli iyenebda ba-
sili kesarielis `swavlanis~ TargmanSi. aseve, efrem
mcirec `areopagitikis~ TargmanSi.

266
 Cven ar viciT, icoda Tu ara petriwma, rom saber-
ZneTSi Zv. w. V s-Si αίων-i aRniSnavda ara qronosis to-
talobas, aramed mxolod mis nawils. rogorc specia-
listebi amtkicebdnen, mxolod didi tragikosi pinda-
re (518-438) iyenebda mas, rogorc `dros saerTod~. arc
is viciT, miaqcia Tu ara yuradReba petriwma imas, rom
aristotele naSromSi _ `cisaTvis~, uaryofs qronosis
rogorc yovlismomcvelis gagebas, magram `fizikaSi~
iRebs mas133.460petriwisaTvis `saukunoÁs~ erTaderTi
mniSvnelobaa sazomad yofna iq, sadac ar arsebobs sxe-
ulebrivi realoba, e. i. ar aris drouli Tanmimdevro-
ba, arc nawilebisagan Semdgari arseboba. magram iq ma-
inc arsebobs diferenciacia, arsebobs subordinacia,
mizezisa da Sedegis mimarTebac, `rameTu goniersa aR-
mkulsa Soris TÂTebani da ganyofani guarTa-
ni~134.461daqvemdebarebis es erTdrouloba SeiZleba ise-
ve warmo-vidginoT, rogorc wanamZRvrebisa da danas-
kvis erTdrouloba.
idealuri sfero damoukidebeli (`TÂTmdgomi~)
aris mxolod drois mdinarebis da ara absoluturi
erTis mimarT. am sferos gasagebad logikuri (silo-
gisturi) azrovneba adgils uTmobs Semecnebas analo-
giis mixedviT (`igavTa zeda~ gacxadebas). es imdenadaa
SesaZlebeli, ramdenadac am sferoSi Sedegi mudam Ta-
vis mizezSi rCeba, magram maTi funqciebi mainc gansxva-
vebulia. Amis Cvenebas, `raoden iyos SesaZlo~, gelaTe-
li moazrovne adamianis sulis ganviTarebis magaliT-
ze cdilobs. suli, romelic wminda xedvamde amaRle-
bula, gansxvavdeba imisgan, visac es ver mouxerxebia.
aq `JamTa pirveloba da Semdgomoba~ ki ara aris am-
xsneli, aramed Rirebuleba da mniSvneloba.
petriwis sityvebi _ `saukunoÁs~ mizezi da mama
namdvil myofiao, rac platonis `parmenidedan~ modis,
axal sferoze ki ar miuTiTebs `saukunosa~ da erTs
Soris, aramed `namdvil myofs~ gamoacalkevebs, ro-

267
gorc Tavis gvarSi pirvels, rigis damwyebs, iseve, ro-
gorc pirveli sxeulia, sxeulTa sferos (rigis, si-
raÁs) damwyebi. amrigad, drois petriwiseuli gageba
prokles komentarebSi aseT sqemas iZleva: ,,saukunoÁ”
aris idealuri sferos sazomi da ganmsazRvreli, igi
warmoSobs Jams, romelic iyofa sayovelTao da nawi-
lebiT Jamad, imis mixedviT Tu ra saxis moZrav sxeul-
ze vrceldeba igi, maradiulze Tu warmavalze.
cdilobda ra aristoteles kvleva-Ziebis gamoye-
nebas drois neoplatonuri gagebis dasafuZneblad,
petriwma ver SeZlo problemaSi meti sinaTle Seetana,
vidre es did stagirelTan iyo. magram aristotelesa
da platonis SexedulebaTa sinTezi man sxvaze ukeT
warmoaCina. petriwma dawvrilebiT ikvlia drois neop-
latonuri gagebis istoriuli Zirebi da naTlad uCvena
cnebis dafuZnebis siZneleebi.
Sua saukuneebis msoflmxedvelobis formirebis
pirvel periodSi, roca dasavleTis qristianobis erT-
erTi udidesi avtoriteti avgustine (354-430) drois
problemas ikvlevda neoplatonizmis da, upirveles yov-
lisa, porfiriosis gaTvaliswinebiT, igi erTmniSvnelo-
van daskvnamde mivida: problemis dafuZneba SeuZlebe-
lia adamianisaTvis, Tumca yvela xvdeba Tu ra aris
dro. uZlurebis amgvari aRiareba principuli mniSvne-
lobis iyo. igi iyo ganaCenic antikuri filosofiis mi-
marT axali msoflmxedvelobis mier, romlisTvisac
swored amgvar `cxad~ problemaTa Seumecnebadoba iyo
xelsayreli. petriwis mimarTeba antikuri filosofii-
sadmi sxvagvaria da axal epoqas gamoxatavs. misi pati-
viscema platonisa da neoplatonikosebis mimarT rene-
sansulia da ara Suasaukuneebrivi. igi SesaniSnavad
grZnobs aRniSnuli problemis siZneles da mis mier mo-
cemuli dafuZnebis ukmarobas, magram amas saerTod ada-
mianur gonebas, anda platonsa da mis memkvidreebs ar
abralebs. mas surs mkiTxvels imedi da optimisturi

268
ganwyoba SeunarCunos, amitom brals Tavad kisrulobs
da WeSmariti mkvlevris gulwrfelobiT mimarTavs mkiT-
xvels: `mrcxuenis me... Tu arsTa wil araTa gadmovaeneb-
de~135.462mas axali Rirebuleba Semohqonda Sua saukunee-
bis msoflmxedvelbaSi da misTvis mTavari misi siwmin-
dis da xelSeuxeblobis dacva iyo.

$3. Semecnebis bunebisa da daniSnulebis Sesaxeb

Semecnebis bunebisa da daniSnulebis gamokveTili

gansazRvra berZnulma filosofiam parmenides moZRvre-
baSi mogvca: azri aris azri sagnis Sesaxeb. aqve iTqva,
rom `azri da is, razedac azria mimarTuli erTi da
igivea~, ramdenadac saqme WeSmarit Semecnebas exeba.
igulisxmeba maTi Sinaarsis igiveoba. rac WeSmariti
SemecnebisaTvis marTlac aucilebelia, oRond gaabso-
luturebis gareSe, rogorc aristotelem aRniSna. he-
raklitem klasikurad gamokveTa adamianis SemecnebaSi
obieqturi da subieqturi Sinaarsis gansxvaveba _ `mis-
mineT ara me, aramed logoss~136.463sofistebma amgvari
mosmenis siZneleebze gaamaxviles yuradReba da mis Se-
uZleblobas amtkicebdnen. sokrates, platonisa da
aristoteles moZRvrebebi, faqtobrivad, gorgias cno-
bil sam kiTxvaze dadebiTi pasuxis dasabuTebis mcde-
loba iyo. isini amtkicebdnen, rom: I. arsebobs adamia-
nis cnobierebisagan damoukidebeli yofiereba; II. misi
Semecneba SesaZlebelia da III. Semecnebis Sinaarsi Se-
iZleba sxvas gavuziaroT, e. i. intersubieqturia.
Semecnebis SesaZleblobis uarmyofeli meore Se-
teva aristoteles Semdeg, ufro Zlieri aRmoCnda. Ta-
nac skepticizms obieqturad agnosticizmi da ekleq-
tizmic exmareboda. plotines aristoteles moSvelie-
bis gareSe undoda maTi uaryofa. porfiriosma es SeuZ-
leblad miiCnia da yvelaze meti gaakeTa aristoteles
neoplatonizmSi Sesatanad. prokle, SeiZleba iTqvas,

269
iZulebiT iyenebda porfirioss. igi, rogorc wesi, iam-
bliqes aniWebda upiratesobas mis mimarT (mag. plato-
nis `timeosis~ komentarebSi). SesaZlebelia petriwis
specifikas isic gamoxatavdes, rom igi Semecnebis
problemaTa analizisas swored porfirioss irCevs
megzurad, Tanac maSin, roca saqme prokles debuleba-
Ta ganmartebas exeba, Tumca `didis~ tituls petriwi
prokles kvalad platons, plotines da iambliqes ani-
Webs. porfiriosi misTvis aristoteles tipis moazrov-
nea. arc isaa gamoricxuli, rom porfiriosis brZola
qristianobis winaaRmdeg ufro cnobili iyo, vidre
sxva neoplatonikosebisa. petriwis mier Targmnil neme-
siosis TxzulebaSi es pirvelad iyo miTiTebuli137.464
saerTod neoplatonizms Semecnebis procesi esmis,
rogorc adamianis racionaluri momzadeba absolutur
erTTan mistikuri SeerTebisaTvis. amdenad isini pir-
velni Seecadnen codnis realoba emtkcebinaT, magram
SeezRudaT misi farglebi da adgili daeTmoT rwmeni-
saTvis. amgvarad ,,SezRudul racionalzms” misdevdnen
fselosi da italosi. aseTivea, zogadad, petriwis po-
ziciac. magram igi qarTul enaze qmnis garkveuli sis-
temis mqone komentarebs, cdilobs, platonis “krati-
losis” kvalad, qarTuli miTosic da qarTuli enac,
rogorc eris msoflmexdvelobis pirveli Canaweri, fi-
losofias daukavSiros. yovelive amas is adamianis am-
qveyniuri daniSnulebisa da sazrisis miRma samyaros-
Tan SesaTanxmeblad akeTebs.
petriwis kvlevis ufro konkretuli aspeqtebisa-
gan SeiZleba aRiniSnos mis mier Semecnebis procesidan
Teurgiis gamoricxva. is, rasac petriwi amtkicebs qveb-
Si, mcenareebsa da cxovelebSi astraluri Zalebis Se-
saxeb, Teurgia ki ar aris, aramed emanaciis specifikaa,
roca maRali vlindeba dabalSi da riTac dabalis sa-
SualebiT maRali xdeba Secnobadi. petriwis ufrosi
Tanamedrove miqael fselosi ki, rogorc cnobilia Te-

270
orgiul doqtrinas qmnis, romlis wyarod specialiste-
bi `qaldevel misanTa~ prokleseul komentars miiCnev-
dnen.
petriwi mTargmneli da komentatoria. Targmnis
faqti, TavisTavad, Zalze sayuradRebo da mniSvnelova-
ni fenomenia. igi im sakacobrio Sinaarsis aRiarebas
niSnavs, romelsac sxva erebi maTi cnobierebis Tanaar-
si formiT, e. i. sakuTari enis meSveobiT unda eziaron.
Targmanis es daniSnuleba petriws savsebiT gacnobie-
rebuli aqvs. igi Tvlis, rom, is, rac qarTulSi ukve
gakeTebulia, sakmarisi ar aris maRali donis filoso-
fiuri moZRvrebis asaTviseblad. upirvelesad igi Se-
mecnebis procesis amsaxav terminologias aqcevs yu-
radRebas, misi azriT, `ellenTa enamzeobaSi~ zustad
diferencirebuli terminologia arsebobs. uamisoba,
Civis petriwi, uzomod miSliso `Targmansa Si-
na~138.465`Targmans~ aq Tanamedrove mniSvneloba aqvs.
marTalia `bolo-sityuaÁ~-Si gansxvavebulia `Targmani~
da `gadmoReba~, rogorc dRevandeli komentari da
Targmani, magram petriwis ZiriTadad teqstSi iseve,
rogorc SesavalSi, `Targmani~ gansxvavdeba `ganmarte-
bisagan~, rogorc zusti gadmoReba da komentari.
Semecneba, rogorc adamianis mier dasabuTebuli
codnis SeZenis procesi, mTels kosmosze vrceldeba, e.
i. yvelaferze, rac arsebulia, rac myofia. absolutis
Taobaze Cven mxolod misi arseboba viciT da Seumecne-
badoba. racionaluri Semecneba rTuli struqturisaa,
rac ganpirobebulia rogorc Semecnebis sagnis, ise
Semmecneblis bunebiT. saerTod, Semecneba samwevriani
procesia: Semmecnebeli (`gamgone~), Semecnebis sagani
(`gasagoni~) da Semecnebis procesi, romelic maT So-
ris mimdinareobs (,,gagonebaÁ~). TviTSemecnebis dros,
romelic am procesis ganviTarebis maRal safexurs
warmoadgens, es struqtura SekumSulia. TviTSemecne-

271
bis (`TeTgonierTa gagonebis~) dros igi `TÂT ars gam-
goneca da gasagonica da ar damravalkecdebis~139.466
racionaluri Semecnebis procesSi saerTo saxel-
mZRvaneloa aristoteles silogistika, saerTod misi
`organoni~, `romlisa TÂnier uRono ars raÁsave gago-
nebaÁ sulisa mier sityÂrisa~140.467is, rac logikurad
winaaRmdegobrivia, arc sinamdvileSi SeiZleba arse-
bobdes. igiveobisa da winaaRmdegobis SeuZleblobis
kanonebi erTnairad savalde-buloa, rogorc arsis, ise
azrisaTvis (magram ara zearsisaTvis, e. i. absoluturi-
saTvis). amitom petriwi dasabuTebaTa Soris yvelaze
xSirad absurdamde miyvanis wess mimarTavs. Faqtiuri
viTareba, anda gamocdi-levba misTvis sapirispiro Se-
xedulebis uaryofisaTvis ki gamodgeba, magram mxo-
lod, rogorc magaliTi da ilustracia zogadi debu-
lebisa141,468namdvili codna dasabuTebuli unda iyos.
dasabuTeba ki an sxvaze dafuZnebiT xdeba, anda saku-
Tar Tavze. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa es ukanaskne-
li. zogierTi debulebis Sesaxeb petriwi ityvis, rom
maTi dasabuTebisaTvis sxva raime viTareba, sxva raime
debuleba ar aris saWiro, rom maT Tavisi `sarwmunoe-
baÁ TÂT TÂs Soris moaqus~. amgvari TviTdasabuTebado-
ba (TviTsarwmunoeba) qarTveli filosofosisaTvis
imas ki ar niSnavs, rom isini TavisTavad cxadni arian,
rom maTi mxolod gamoTqmaa sakmarisi, rom isini naTe-
li gaxdnen, aramed mxolod imas, rom maTi logikuri
uaryofa ar SeiZleba, rom maTi logikuri uaryofis
cda maTve asabuTebs. ase mouva, magaliTad, imas, vinc
moisurvebs uaryos, rom yoveli arsebulis mizezi pir-
veli sikeTea142.469amrigad, petriwi asxvavebs dasabuTe-
bis or meTods: absurdamde miyvanis wess da uaryofis
gziT uarsayofis mtkicebas. isini gansxvavdebian maSi-
nac, roca erTsa da imave debulebas exebian da arsebi-
Tad erTsa da imave Sedegamde midian. magaliTad: da-
vuSvaT uariyofa absoluturi erTis arseboba. erTia,

272
roca misi uarmyofeli Tavad vardeba logikur winaaR-
mdegobaSi, absurdamde midis, meorea analizi, romlis
ZaliTac uarmyofeli debuleba Tavad midis amgvar
daSvebamde.
SemecnebaSi sulisa da gonebis funqciaTa gasas-
xvaveblad petriwi maT berZnul διάνοια da νόημα-s Seu-
sabamebs. pirveli diskursiuli azrovnebis unaria. su-
li Semecnebis sagans martivad da myis, e. i. drois ga-
reSe ki ar wvdeba, aramed rTuli da Zneli gziT uax-
lovdeba da TandaTan iTvisebs. `iTvisebs~ niSnavs ara
ubralod asaxvas anda damaxsovrebas, aramed Semecne-
bis sagnis Tvisad, Tavis msgavsad qcevas. suli jer da-
uSvebs raimes misTvis ucnobi sagnis Sesaxeb, im gamoc-
dilebis safuZvelze, romelic mas aqvs. Semdeg msje-
lobs amgvari daSvebis gamosadegobaze da mis ufle-
bebze. man SeiZleba absurdamde migviyvanos, anda raime
ukve dasabuTebul debulebas daupirispirdes da sxv.
efremi `areopagitikis~ TargmanSi sulis amgvar dis-
kursiul Semecnebas `ikankledobiTs~ uwodebs143.470pet-
riwma termini `midmogonebaÁ~ airCia. es daSvebisa da
Semowmebis, Secdomis acilebis da arCevis procesia. ma-
galiTisaTvis porfiriosis sityvebia moxmobili: es Se-
mecneba adamianis siaruls hgavso, roca igi nabijebiT
da gzis SerCeviT TandaTan uaxlovdeba mizans144,471mag-
ram Sedegi arasdrosaa srulad garantirebuli.
goneba, gansxvavebiT sulisagan, uSualod wvdeba
sagnis arsebas. igi Tavis `gasagonoÁs~, `zed miesxmis
martivad~, droisa da moZraobis gareSe. es imas niS-
navs, rom gonebaSi ar aris gansxvavebuli SesaZleblo-
ba da sinamdvile. goneba ar SeiZleba pasiuri, igi ma-
rad aqtiuria. gasagebia, rom gonebis poziciamde amaR-
leba adamianisaTvis Cveulebrivi ar aris. sulma mas
mxolod didi Zalisxmevis Sedegad SeiZleba miaRwios.
am gansxvavebas is safuZveli aqvs, rom adamianis suli
imecnebs gamocdilebis sababiT da gamocdilebis dax-

273
marebiT da imecnebs imas, rasac TavisTavisgan damouki-
deblad miiCnevs. goneba ki Tavis TavSi naxulobs yove-
live arsebulis Sesabamis cnebas. misi amaRleba TviT-
Semecnebis saSualebiT xdeba. es amaRlebaa, ramdenadac
Semecnebis sagani, emanaciis kibeze mudam ufro maRla
dgas, vidre Semmecnebeli, e. i. `yoveli gasagoni umjo-
bes ars, gamgonesa~145.472es kanoni ZalaSia sulidan
umaRles erTamde, romelsac Sesamecnebeli aRaraferi
aqvs da TavisSi CvenTvis Seumecnebadad aerTebs yove-
li arsebulis da moazrebadis Sinaarss.
Tu Semecnebis sagnis upiratesobis aRniSnul ka-
nons mkacrad davicavT, maSin gamoiricxeba rogorc
TviTSemecneba, ise umaRlesis mier momdevnos Semecneba,
rogorc ufro dabalis (magaliTad, sulis mier grZno-
badi sagnebis), amitom TviTSemecneba gagebuli unda iq-
nes, rogorc sakuTar TavSi ufro maRalis xedva, mo-
naxva da am saxiT aRmarTmavloba Semecnebisa, xolo
ufro dabali, logikurad ar SeiZleba iyos Semecnebis
sagani, romelic raRac axals mogvcems, radgan misi
Sinaarsi maRalSi ukeTesi saxiTaa mocemuli. isic aR-
saniSnavia, rom Semecnebas, rogorc arsebiT process,
samyaros absoluturSi ukan dabrunebaSi (`ukuntrfo-
baÁ~) onturi mniSvneloba eniWeba. erTidan gamosxive-
bul maradiul kosmosSi adamianic, rogorc gvari, ma-
radiulia.
Semecnebis safexurebis msgavs gansxvavebas iZleva
ioane italosi. msgavsia sulisa da gonebis mimarTebis
daxasiaTebac. oRond masTan gonebas νούς-i ewodeba da
ara νόημα rogorc es petriwTanaa. p. ioanu am terminis
wyarod plotines miuTiTebs146,473petriwi ki am SemTxve-
vaSi porfiriosidan amodioda.
imdroindel dasavleTSi nominalizmisa da rea-
lizmis brZolas Tu gavixsenebT, garkveviT unda iT-
qvas, rom petriwi realistia: ideebi (`aidioÁ~) Seumec-
nebadi wesiT arsebobs absoluturSi, uZravad arse-

274
bobs, rogorc absolutis emanaciis Sedegi da danawev-
rebuli, namdvil myofSi, emanaciis principiTve garan-
tirebulia maTi `arseboba~ saganTa formebad. isini
Cvens cnobierebaSic (sulSi) arsebobs, rogorc Semec-
nebis SesaZlebloba. maTi gacnobierebis pirveli safe-
xurebi grZnobadi sagnebis zemoqmedebiT xdeba. Cven
CvenSive vnaxulobT im ideebs, romelTa mixedviT (mi-
baZviT) sagnebia Seqmnili. platonis mogonebis Teoria,
romelic Sua saukuneebis realizmis safuZvels warmo-
adgenda, petriwamde qarTulad ase naTlad aravis gad-
moucia147.474igi realizmis Teoriis ufro konkretuli
sakiTxiTacaa dainteresebuli. igulisxmeba sakiTxi:
asaxavs Tu ara saxelebi sagnis arsebas?
adamiani bunebrivad midrekilia iqiTken, rom da-
debiTad upasuxos kiTxvas. yvelas uneburad gaeRimeba,
roca etyvian, rom magaliTad, Cia da sust adamians
amirani hqvia. erTi SexedviT efeqturi sapirispiro ar-
gumenti _ sityva sagnis amsaxveli rom iyos, saerTod
erTi ena iqnebodao da ar aris damajerebeli, radgan
sxvadasxva situaciaSi, sxvadasxva istoriul, geogra-
fiul da socialur garemoSi erTi da igive sagani Se-
iZleba sxvadasxvagvarad moqmedebdes adamianis warmo-
saxvaze. meore mxriv, arsebobs sityvebi, romelnic rea-
lurze miuTiTeben, magram araviTari realuri arsebo-
ba ar SeesabamebaT (magaliTad, eSmaki, sirinozi da
sxv.). amitom inglisuri filosofia, bekonidan moyole-
buli, amgvari sityvebisagan enis gawmendas moiTxovda.
es kamaTi, albaT, platonic `kratiloSi~ daiwyo, sa-
dac uaryofilia sofistTa Sexeduleba imis Taobaze,
rom sagnebs saxelebi SeTanxmebis safuZvelze miewere-
baT148.475aq sokrate midrekilia imisken, rom saxelebi
saganTa arsebebs da bunebas gamoxatavs, magram katego-
riuli mtkicebisagan Tavs ikavebs. aristotele kvlav
aRadgens im debulebas, rom saxelebis mniSvneloba
mxolod SeTanxmebaSia, radgan bunebiT araviTari saxe-

275
li ar arsebobs149.476kamaTi grZeldeboda prokles
dros da mis Semdegac. neoplatonikosebi amjerad sa-
Sualo pozicias ikaveben. saxeli xom absurdad iqceva,
kiTxulobda VI s. aleqsandrieli neoplatonikosi hie-
rokle, Tu cud adamians `agaTons~, xolo aTeists `eu-
sebios~ daarqmevdnen150.477
petriwisaTvis saxeldeba SemecnebiTi aqtia, sul
erTia saqme exeba erTeuli adamianis mier saxelis
darqmevas raimesTvis, Tu Tavad enaSi fiqsirebul sa-
xeldebas. Tumca am Semecnebis WeSmariteba yovelTvis
garantirebuli ar aris, miT ufro, roca am Tvalsaz-
risiT adamianis saqmianobas vixilavT. magaliTad, mas
moswons, rom filosofosebma pirvel materias, e.i.
uformo nivTs ararsi uwodes151,478magram SeuZleblad
miaCnia yovelgvar saxeldebaze, vTqvaT, adamianis saxe-
lis darqmevaSic WeSmariti Semecneba davinaxoT152.479mi-
si azriT, umaRlesi Zalis mier sagnebisaTvis micemuli
saxelebi, ase vTqvaT, pirveli saxelebi, romelic eris
enaSia gamoxatuli, mudam WeSmaritni arian. magram ena
mravalia da maTi Rirebulebac am TvalsazrisiT gan-
sxvavebulia. amasTanave, ar aris gamoricxuli enis Seg-
nebuli srulyofa. amis sabuTia Tavad misi moRvaweoba
qarTuli samecniero enis gasaumjobeseblad. saxelde-
bis amgvari gageba miTosis da saerTod enis msof-
lmxedvelobrivi interpretaciis dafuZnebacaa. am
TvalsazrisiT, neoplatonikosTa Soris yvelaze meti
iambliqosma gaakeTa. prokle mis kvals misdevda. pet-
riwi xSirad mimarTavs maTi moRvaweobis am aspeqts da
qarTul enaze Teologiis agebisaTvis cdilobs Tavis
enaSic amoikiTxos qarTuli miTosi153.480sikeTis moniz-
mis safuZvelze gagebuli Semecnebis kosmiur sistemaSi
miTosi erT-erT safexurs ikavebs da sikeTes emsaxure-
ba. prokles traqtatis is adgili, romelic specialu-
rad am sakiTxs exeba, mxolod petriwis TargmanSia Se-
morCenili. petriwi mas dawvrilebiT arCevs. meore

276
mxriv, prokles `kavSirnis~ yvela sxva xelnawerSi (ro-
melTa ricxvi 43-ia da 11 maTgan nikoloz meTonelis
mier prokles `uaryofasac~ Seicavs) mocemulia 149-e
Tavi, romlis Sinaarsi analogiuria 93, 152, 179-e Tave-
bisa. prokles `kavSirnis~ cnobili gamomcemeli e. r.
dodsi 129-e Tavis araswor Targmans gaecno154,481da naC-
qarevi daskvna gaakeTa misi nayalbobis Taobaze. prok-
le aq Semecnebis procesSi da, e. i. kosmosSi demonTa
(`eSmaki~) adgils exeba, rac savsebiT eTanxmeba aTenur
neoplatonizms da iambliqossac. miTosidan memkvid-
reobiT miRebuli demonebi aq ganixileba, rogorc si-
keTis substanciurobis sabuTi. aseve ixilavs `eSmakTa~
raobas areopagitikis avtori155.482magram qristianuli
kulturis sxva regionebSi usafrTxo rodi iyo am ter-
minis xmareba, radgan `demonis~ bibliur da qristia-
nul gagebas ukavSirdeboda: amitom aleqsandriuli ne-
oplatonizmis warmomadgeneli olimpiodore, romelic
Tavis mkiTxvelebad ukve berebs gulisxmobda, Tavis
komentarebSi `demonis~ nacvlad `angelozs~ xma-
robs156.483rogorc ar unda gadawydes am Tavis mimarTe-
ba prokles teqstTan, misi komentaris mniSvneloba
petriwis msoflmxedvelobis dasadgenad mainc udavoa.
neoplatonuri moZRvreba adamianuri Semecnebis
Sesaxeb, qarTveli filosofosis azriT, ZiriTadad
platonis `fedonisa~ da `alkibiadedan~ modis, `ro-
melTa Soris eZiebs sulisa da bunebisaTvis kacobriv-
sa~. petriwis mosazrebani Semecnebis bunebisa da da-
niSnulebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba sam ZiriTad principze
damyarebulad warmovidginoT:
I. yovelive, bunebiT pirveli SemecnebiT ukanaskne-
lia da piriqiT157.484
II. yovelive yoveliveSia mocemuli, magram TiToe-
ulSi specifikuri saxiT158.485
III. `ara ars gagonebaÁ uqm, arca myofi ganugone-
bel~ .486
159

277
 am debulebaTagan pirveli aristoteles ekuTvnis,
meore anaqsagoradan modis, mesame ki wminda neoplato-
nuria, petriwis mier lakoniurad formulirebuli.
`ganmartebaÁ~-s ZiriTadi teqstis SesavalSi wignis
miznis, prokles biografiis da terminologiis sakiT-
xebTan erTad, roca petriwi komentarebis problemebze
msjelobs, iqve ixilavs pirvels zemoaRniSnuli prin-
cipebidan. igi gamoyenebulia adamianuri Semecnebis da
yofierebis mimarTebis gasarkvevad. es principi Zalze
gavrcelebuli iyo. mas vxvdebiT rogorc amoniusTan,
aseve damaskelTan. petriwi mas amgvarad gadmoscems _
`pirvelni bunebiT Soris gagonebasa gamgonisasa uka-
nasknel iqnebian, da bunebiT Semdgomni pirvel~160.487is,
rac Semecnebas uSualo grZnobadis saxiT moecema, on-
tologiurad, dabali safexuria, imasTan SedarebiT,
rac Semecnebis mizani, romelic sul ufro Rrma mize-
zebisaken miiswrafvis.
adamiani Semecnebas iwyebs grZnobad sinamdvileSi
zegrZnobadis kvalis SemCneviT, anu gamocdilebiT.
codna, e. i. `cnobierobaÁ gamocdi-lebaTagan miiRebs
Sekrebasa~161,488es asaxvis procesia da adamianuri Semec-
neba mas sul ufro da ufro maRal sferoebze avrce-
lebs, rac amave dros, Semmecneblis amaRlebasac war-
moadgens. adamianis suls, rogorc gamgones, Semmecne-
bels TavisSi aqvs Semecnebis SesaZlebloba, magram
ara misi realoba, aq Taviseburad moqmedebs SesaZleb-
lisa da sinamdvilis kategoriebi. es Tavisebureba
vlindeba, rogorc Sesamecnebeli sagnis, ise Semmecneb-
lis mxriv. am specifikis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe SeuZ-
lebeli iqneboda SegveTavsebina petriwis ori iseTi
debuleba, rogoricaa: `cnobierebaÁ gamocdilebisagan
miiRebs Sekrebasa~ da is, rom suls Tavisi Sesamecnebe-
li sakuTar TavSive aqvs162.489
TavisTavad pirvelis, rogorc Semecnebis Sedegad
Secnobili sagnis ukanaskneloba mocemuli problemis

278
TvalsazrisiT niSnavs, rom Cven mocemuli sinamdvilis,
rogorc sagnis arsebis gamovlenisagan, e. i. misi moqme-
debisagan, unda vwvdeT sagnis SesaZleblobas, rogorc
mis `Zalas~ da `arsebas~. uwyode _ gveubneba petriwi _
`rameTu yovelsa arsebasa da guamovnebasa SemdgomTa-
gan gavigonebT, xolo Semdgomni arsebaTani arian Zal-
ni da moqmedebani maTni da viTferve iyo moqmedebaÁ, eg-
ferve da Zali da viTfer Zali, eg saxe da arseba»ca~.
Cveni `gamocdilebaÁ~-s uZiriTadesi nawili swored
Cvens garemomcvel sxeulebriv sinamdvilesTan, ro-
gorc ufro maRalis ZalTa gamovlenasTan, mimarTeba
warmoadgens. amitom Cveni Semecneba iwyeba gamocdile-
biT. Semmecnebeli eZebs grZnobadSi da sxeulebrivSi
usxeulos. amisaTvis diskursiul azrovnebas mimar-
Tavs. rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, am gzaze `warmateba~,
(anu raRac axlis SeZena SemecnebiT, Zveli codnisaT-
vis raRacis damateba da misi gamdidreba) garantirebu-
li ar aris. sulis mxridan ganxiluli es procesi
aris is mdgomareoba, roca misi sakuTari SesaZleblo-
bani jer gacnobierebuli ara aqvs. SesaZleblobis sa-
xiT adamianis sulSi imTaviTve yoveli saxis arsebaa
mocemuli maSinac ki, roca saqme bavSvis, anda uswavle-
li adamianis cnobierebas exeba. ganswavla amJRavnebs
am SesaZleblobebs. maT acnobierebs isini, `romelTa
ifilosofoses~163.490is, rasac petriwi filosofosobas
uwodebs, arc wminda mecnierul moRvaweobas emTxveva
da arc mxolod sibrZnes. `zedmiwevnilebaÁ~, rogorc
adamianis SesaZlebloba, rogorc mis mier zusti Se-
mecnebis unari, SeiZleba gamovlindes sxvadasxva sa-
xiT. es SeiZleba iyos eqimis daxelovneba, anda geomet-
riis codna da sxv. filosofia arc erTs ar ewodeba,
magram filosofia arc `pirvel filosofias~ emTxveva.
filosofosoba aris codnis sistemis floba, romelic
Seicavs Teoriul da praqtikul (saqmiT) mecnierebebs.
maT Soris mxolod erTaderTs, Tumca umaRless, aqvs

279
sagnad pirveli mizezebis da pirveli mizezis kvleva.
amitom eTanxmeba petriwi aristoteles, rom mimarTeba
Teologiasa da filosofias Soris analogiuria nawi-
lisa da mTelis mimarTebis. filosofiisa da Teolo-
giis sagani emTxveva erTmaneTs. sawinaaRmdego mosazre-
ba, rom Teologiis sagania RmerTi, xolo filosofii-
sa Seqmnili yofiereba, ufro gavrcelebuli iyo da
ufro specifikuri Sua saukuneebisaTvis. ufro rTulia
petriwTan brZenisa da filosofosis, anda brZenisa da
RvTismetyvelis mimarTebis erTmniSvnelovani dadgena.
Tu rusTvelTan brZeni filosofosTa `sibrZnes~, ro-
gorc Teoriuls (ramdenadac praqtikuli filosofiac
Teoriaa) praqtikul moqmedebasTan aerTianebs da mas
`cxovrebis filosofiad~ aqcevs, petriwTan es gaTiSva
ar gvxvdeba. wminda codna mas TavisTavad Rirebulebad
da Zaladac miaCnia, romelsac aucileblad moyveba
adamianis Sinagani amaRleba. brZens igi adamianuri ar-
sebobis umaRles gamoxatulebad Tvlis. codnis mas
iseve swams, rogorc sokrates, swori codna swor moq-
medebas gulisxmobs. brZeni is aris, vinc mizezebi
icis. amitom uwodebs brZenT did berZen filosofo-
sebs da platonic `sofistes~ moqmed pirs _ eleatel
stumars, romelsac istoriul pirad miiCnevs164.491amde-
nad, petriwisaTvis brZeni aris filosofosi, rogorc
adamianuri codnis sistemis mflobeli, sistemisa ro-
melic RvTismetyvelebiT sruldeba da Teoriuli cod-
nis praqtikul gamoyenebas gulisxmobs.
filosofosobiT, adamianis suli anamdvilebs Ta-
vis SesaZleblobebs, anu acnobierebs Tavisi cnobiere-
bis Sinaarss da adgens WeSmarit mimarTebas am Sinaar-
ssa da gamocdilebiT miRebul codnas Soris, e. i. ad-
gens Sinaganis pirveladobas.
rac Seexeba gonebiT Semecnebas, misTvis gamocdi-
leba saWiro ar aris, radgan masSi SesaZlebloba da
sinamdvile drois mixedviT ar gansxvavdeba. `sxua ara

280
raÁ ars gonebaÁ TÂnier samaradisod gagone-
baÁ~165.492diskursiuli Semecnebis mizani am dros miiR-
weva. aq Semecnebis Sedegis WeSmariteba garantirebu-
lia, ramdenadac am doneze azrovneba da arsi erTi da
igivea, erTnairad amaRlebuli, rogorc grZnobadsa,
ise subieqturobaze.
is, vinc konkretuli adamianisTvis SesaZlebel
Semecnebis process exeba, ar SeiZleba ar iTvaliswi-
nebdes, rom realuri pirovneba Semecnebisas garkveul
Semaferxebel faqtorebs awydeba. am faqtorebs stoel-
Ta Semdeg, gonebis moqmedebas upirispirebdnen, ro-
gorc vnebebs, afeqtebs. prokles biografiaSi petriwi
SeniSnavs, rom mecnierebis gzaze damdgar axlagaz-
rdas uwevda vnebaTa Relvis (`nakuercxalTa siWabuki-
saTa~) daZleva, romelic aRagznebs da araswori gziT
warmarTavs adamianuri sulis im Zalebs, romelTac
grZnoba da warmosaxva ewodebaT (`grZnobaTa da ocne-
baT~). Aman ar unda gvafiqrebinos, rom petriwi berZeni
stoeliviT saerTod uaryofs afeqtTa Rirebulebas. es
Zneli SesaTanxmebeli iqneboda mis TeoriasTan, rom-
lis Tanaxmadac kosmoss Tavad axasiaTebs `trfobaÁ~
umaRlesi erTisadmi da Tavad kosmosic misi nawilebis
amgvarive miswrafebiTaa Sekruli. petriwis azriT, yve-
la afeqti (`vnebaÁ~) erTnairi Rirebulebis ar aris.
afeqtis, rogorc garegani bunebis an sakuTari sxeu-
lis zemoqmedebaze sulis reagirebis analizs petriwi
diferencirebulad udgeba. sikeTis monizmi, rogorc
misi msoflmxedvelobis safuZveli, uflebas ar aZlevs
`vnebaÁ~ yovelmxriv sazianod CaTvalos. `yoveli vnebaÁ
ara erT tom ars~, amtkicebs igi radgan `trfialebaÁ~
maRali regionebis arsebas warmoadgens da maT struq-
turas agebs, e. i. idealur sferoSi is mxolod dade-
biTia. adamianSi ki SeiZleba dadebiTic iyos da uar-
yofTic. vneba saerTod sxeulis specifikaa, suli ki
mis zemoqmedebas emorCileba ramdenadac sxeulTanaa

281
kavSirSi. misi Zala imaSi gamoixateba, Tu ramdenad
SeZlebs am kavSiris zeciurisaken warmarTvas. grZno-
bad sxeulTan dakavSirebuli vnebani orgvaria: gamaum-
jobesebulni (`maRmrTni~, `odes umjobesTa eziarebod-
nen~) da gamauareseblni, anu `maklni~, `ese igi ars
odes TÂsisa myofobisagan udares hyofdnen~166.493
Semecneba, petriwisaTvis platonuri tradiciis
mixedviT, grZnobad samyaroSi gakvirvebiT iwyeba. Se-
mecnebis mizania am gakvirvebis moxsna saganTa da viTa-
rebaTaA WeSmariti mizezebis dadgenis gziT. cnobiere-
bis im dones, romelic faqtTa konstantirebiT da am
safuZvelze daxelovnebiT kmayofildeba, sakuTriv Se-
mecneba ar ewodeba. isini ar gamoxataven wminda Teori-
ul interess, romelic sulis aRmasvlas emsaxureba.
mecnieruli Semecneba iwyeba maSin, roca kiTxva mize-
zis Sesaxeb ismis. man faqtis raobisagan gamowveuli
gakvirveba unda daakmayofilos. es iqneba mecnierebac
da sibrZnec. magaliTi aristotelesaganaa moSvelebu-
li: `...ese uwyis uswavlelmanca, viTarmed mToare moak-
ldebis, xolo Tu viTar, anu raÁ mizezTagan, ese
brZenTa oden. da kualad ese yovelman vin, viTarmed
suli sxeulTa da warmogomila, xolo Tu viTar brZen-
Ta oden...~. Tu Semecneba mizezebis da saboloo angari-
SiT, pirvel mizezis codnas ar emyareba, `arca erqumis
mas cnoba, aramed ufro isRa macdur da ucnobo~167.494
prokles ,,kavSirnis~ petriwiseuli komentarebis
mTeli Sinaarsi warmoadgens kosmosis da misi nawile-
bis sidiadiT gamowveuli gakvirvebis moxsnis cdas, mi-
si mizezebis dadgeniT. magram mizezebis rigic ierar-
qiulia, mizezi kvlav Tavis mizezze da safuZvelze
migviTiTebs. moxsnili gakvirveba axali, ufro didi sa-
idumloebis winaSe gvayenebs da axal gakvirvebas war-
moSobs. es procesi grZeldeba manam, sanam yovelives
pirvel mizezs ar mivadgebiT. platonis dialogSi
brZeni parmenide eubneba axalgazrda sokrates, kosmo-

282
sis harmoniiT gakvirvebuls, `nu gikvirs ese~168,495rad-
gan RmerTma Seqmna da harmoniaSi moiyvana. amgvari gak-
virvebis moxsna mas xelewifebis, magram es ar aris Se-
mecnebis saboloo mizani.
gamocdilebiT miRebuli grZnobadi codna auci-
lebelia adamianuri Semecnebis dasawyebad, magram mac-
duria, ramdenadac codnis garedan miRebis STabeWdi-
lebas qmnis. grZnobadi sagnebis zemoqmedebiT miRebu-
li gelaTeli moazrovnisaTvis aris Semecnebisa da
codnis mxolod sababi, saxeldobr SegrZneba. igi `ars
oden grZnobaÁ da ar gagonebaÁ~169.496platonis `fedoni-
sa~ da `fedrosis~ Sinaarsis moSveliebiT petriwi am-
tkicebs, rom sxeulebrivi samyarodan Cven mxolod sa-
babs viRebT sulSi arsebuli da daviwyebuli codnis
gasaxseneblad. Semecneba araferia, Tu ara `mirule-
bulTa da rec Tu SemWnarTa kualad gaxsenebaÁ~170.497
raimes cnobis, gagebis da gaxsenebis (magaliTad,
amocanis uecari gagebis da gaxsenebis) fsiqologiuri
msgavseba, rogorc cnobilia, platonma marjved gamoi-
yena idealizmis sasargeblod: petriwsac udavod miC-
nia, rom Cven ver vityviT saganze, rom is didia, mci-
rea, tolia da a. S. Tu es cnebebi imTaviTve sulSi ara
gvaqvs da ar gagvaxsenda. amrigad, empiriulad, droSi
adamiani TiTqos grZnobadi gamocdilebisagan iRebs
codnas, sinamdvileSi ki CvenSive amovikiTxavT im ide-
as, romlis mixedviTac arsebobs sagani. saerTo wyaro,
anu ideaTa samyaro ganapirobebs Semecnebis SesaZleb-
lobas, im azriT, rom sagnebic maTi Sedegia da isic,
rom adamianis suls `TÂs Soris mohqonano guarni
myofTani~, rom masSi ukve aris yovelive is, rac ki
SesaZlebelia gamocdilebaSi Sexvdes. am viTarebis
genetikuri mizezis dasadgenad petriwi platonur
miTs mimarTavs `timeosidan~. aq Cans, rom igi miTs swo-
red platonurad, e. i. kritikulad iyenebs. platoni
tradiciul miToss ebrZoda da Tavad homerossac ar

283
indobda, magram TviT iyenebda miTs iq, sadac Semecne-
bis logkuri dafuZneba SeuZlebeli xdeboda, proble-
ma ki mainc pasuxs moiTxovda. amitom mas saWirod miaC-
nda, rom miTi sinamdvilesTan ar gaeigivebinaT, xsome-
bodaT rom aq saqme sinamdvilesTan ki ara gvaqvs, ara-
med warmosaxvasTan, romelic daaxloebiT migvaniSnebs
saZiebelze. petriwis `viTarmed~ im adgilas, sadac
`timeosi~-dan miTis gadmocemas iwyebs, SeiZleba gavi-
goT, rogorc `TiTqos~, rac miTis kritikul wakiTxvas
niSnavs: `viTarmed yovelTa mbadman RmerTman kratirsa
Soris romel ars feSxuemi, Sezavao sayovelTao suli
da misca mas nawilad sityÂni guamovnebiTi arsTani,
raTa TÂs Soris ganicdides yovelTa myofTa da odes
raÁ movides daviwyebad sarkumelTaÁT zelSemosrulTa
mier, kualad aRiRsenebdes simdidreTa mamisaTa, ro-
mel daxsna da qusa mis Soris maman da ukun iqceodes
nergad TÂsa adam samoTxed~171.498aq kargad Cans plato-
nisa da bibliuri miTosis (moses wignTa) daaxloebis
tendencia. adamianis samoTxeSi dabruneba gaigivebulia
ideaTa samyarodan dacemuli sulis ukan dabrunebas-
Tan Semecnebis saSualebiT. sxva adgilas petriwi efeq-
turad iyenebs sulis sxeulSi moqcevis d adamis cod-
vaSi Cavardnis msgavsebas. dacema orive SemTxvevaSi ga-
mowveulia araswori Semecnebis safuZvelze mcdari ar-
CevaniT172.499
sayovelTao sulis Teoria aristotelesTanac
mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobda Semdeg rogorc neopla-
tonikosTa, ise peripatetikosTa kvlevis sagani gaxda.
mniSvnelovani iyo igi Sua saukuneebis, rogorc qris-
tianuli, ise arabulenovani TeologiisaTvis. platoni
sayovelTao sulis, anu msoflio sulis gverdiT (da
zemoT) uSvebda ideaTa samyaros, rogorc adamianis su-
lis individualobis sayrdens. aristotelesTan es
sfero moxsnilia. individis suli mxolod droebiTi
gamovlenaa msoflio sulis da adamianis sikvdilis

284
Semdeg masve ubrundeba. masTan ukvdavi mxolod sayo-
velTao sulia. petriwi, rogorc qristiani da neopla-
tonikosi, individualuri sulis ukvdavebas icavs. misi
mospoba, rogorc usxeulosi, SeuZlebelia. ar qreba
igi zemoTa regionebSic, radgan iq dabalis mTeli sim-
didre da simravle harmoniuladaa gaerTianebuli.
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT petriwi ixsenebs im ka-
maTs, romelic elinistur filosofiaSi warmoebda
aleqsandre afrodisielis mimdevrebsa da neoplatoni-
kosebs Soris. petriws afrodisielis momxred zogi ne-
oplatonikosic miaCnia. magaliTad, amonius ermisis mo-
wafe, cnobili aleqsandrioeli filosofosi aklepio-
si. isini adamianis suls damoukideblad, `TvTmdgomad~
ar miiCnevdnen, aramed `viTar naelvad sayovelTaoisad
sulisaÁ~173.500petriwis terminologiaSi gasarkvevad sa-
Wiroa isic aRiniSnos, rom misTvis adamianuri suli
ar niSnavs `nawilebiT suls~. aseTia magliTad, `arse-
baÁ ese cisaÁ~, radgan igi yovelgvar suls ar moicavs
TavisTavSi. yvela suls saerTi isa aqvs, rom raRacnai-
rad dakavSirebulia sxeulTan, romelic SeiZleba mud-
mivi iyos, SeiZleba warmavali da xrwnadi. yvelasTvis
saerToa isic, rom or sferos, uZravs da moZravs, ma-
radiuls da warmavals akavSirebs. es upiratesad ada-
mianur sulze iTqmis, romelsac warmaval sxeulTan
aqvs saqme. igi Tavisi arsebiT, Tavisi SesaZleblobiT
zegrZnobads da zedrouls ekuTvnis, xolo moqmedebiT,
e. i. sinamdviliT, droulsa da warmavals174.501
platonis miTebi (`timeosSi” da ,,fedrosSi~) xa-
tovnad uCvenebs, Tu ras niSnavs da ra safuZvelzea
arsebuli debuleba _ `yoveli yovelTa Soris da Ti-
Toeulad TÂs Soris~ da ratom vrceldeba igi adamia-
nis sulze. igi gvevlineba, rogorc mikrokosmosi. pet-
riws es sityva `kavSirnis~ komentarebSi ar uxmaria,
magram nemesios emeselis `bunebisaTvis kacisa~-s Tar-
gmanSi mis qarTul Sesatyvisad ixmara termini _ `mci-

285
re sofeli~. adamianis suli, rogorc mikrokosmosi,
romelsac TviTcnobierebis SesaZlebloba aqvs, Tavis
TavSi naxulobs mTel kosmoss, da gonebis safexurze
kosmosis Semecneba TviTSemecnebad iqceva. es garemoeba
aRniSnul princips ontologiurad Semecnebis Teoriu-
ladac aqcevs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Semecnebis umaR-
les safexurze ontologia da Semecnebis Teoria em-
Txveva erTmaneTs da mTeli kosmosis absolituri er-
Tisaken mimarTvis saSualebas iZleva.
aRniSnulidan gasagebi unda iyos petriwis mier
gamokveTili principi kosmosis racionaluri Semecne-
bis Sesaxeb: `ara ars gagonebaÁ uqm arca naqmi gaugone-
beli~. cnobili rusi filosofosi da mTargmneli a.
losevi prokles ,,kavSirnis” Sesabamisi Tavis Sinaarss,
sadac msjeloba gonebisa da misi Semecnebis sferozea,
ase ganmartavs: `azrovneba da yofiereba igiveobrivia,
magram yofiereba aris qmedeba da Semoqmedeba, e. i. az-
rovnebac Semoqmedebaa~175.502yofierebisa da azrovnebis
es gansxvaveba da miT umetes, yofierebis primati sxva
arferia, Tu ara usxeulo gonebis idealuri yofiere-
bis gansazRvruloba, romelic, rogorc goneba, marad
qmediTia, e. i. azrovnebs, azrovneba ki amave dros Seq-
mnasac niSnavs, romelic, amave dros, TviT Semecnebacaa
da emanaciac. misi `produqtebi” mxolod raodenobri-
vad gansxvavdebian gonebisagan da mis Zalas eqvemdeba-
rebian. petriwi, romelic SesaniSnavad Caswvda am arse-
biT viTarebas, ityvis, rom goneba aq Tavis naazrevs
`warmoiqms viTar arsi arsTa~176.503arsi da myofi mis-
Tvis sinonimebia. zemoaRniSnul formulirebaSi orives
Semcvlelia `naqmi~, e. i. Seqmnili, rogorc gonebis aq-
tivobis Sedegi, Tumca gonebac absoluturi erTis,
aseve pirveli sazRvrisa da pirveli usazRvrobis
mxridan danaxuli, aseve `naqmia~. petriwi am, 174-e Tavis
Sinaarss arsis, yofierebis sferoSi sruli raciona-
lizmis mixedviT ganmartavs. es is sferoa, sadac for-

286
mis mqone arsebobs, sul erTia sxeulebrivi iqneba is,
Tu usxeulo, materialuri Tu idealuri, maradiuli
Tu warmavali. idealuri sawyisis, pirveli gonebis Za-
la wvdeba yvelafers, e. i. azrovnebs da qmnis mas, ra-
Sic zogadi da gvari, anu idea moinaxeba. magram misi
Zala ar vrceldeba arc arsze maRla mdgar erTze da
arc arsze qvemoT myof materiaze. es orgvari ararsi
warmoadgens racionalizmsa da Semecnebis SesaZleb-
lobis sazRvrebs, romelTa `gagoneba~ ar SeiZleba. am-
gvari gauguarebeli da amdenad Seumecnebadi arian
`romelTame viTar zesTasTa da romelTasame viTar
moklebulTasa uguarobiTa~177.504adamianuri Semecneba am
sferos erT-erTi safexuria, damakavSirebeli idealu-
risa da materialuris. igi TviTcnobierebis udablesi
safexuria, magram mainc TviTcnobierebaa da, amave
dros, `mcire sofeli~. aq Semecneba Seqmnas ki ar niS-
navs, aramed amaRlebas emanaciis safexurebze, sakuTa-
ri Sinaarsis gacnobierebiT. es Zneli da rTuli pro-
cesi grZeldeba manam, sanam gadalaxuli ar iqneba dis-
kursiuli Semecnebis SezRudulebani da WeSmaritebis
ucdomeli xedva xdeba SesaZlebeli.
gonebis sferod yoveli arsis, yoveli myofis ga-
mocxadeba da am sferoSi azrisa da arsis igiveobis
daSveba, aseve gonebis mier TviTSemecnebiT arsebuli
Seqmna da adamianuri sulis amaRleba TviTSemecnebiT,
iseTi principebia, romlebic neoplatonizmSi germanu-
li klasikuri idealizmis anticipaciad unda CaiTva-
los. amave dros, idealizmis am saxisagan gasxvavebac
mniSvnelovania, ramdenadac gonebis Zala SezRudulia
SeumecnebadiT orive mimarTulebiT, rogorc arsebuls
zemoT, ise mis qvemoT, e. i. Seumecnebadia rogorc ab-
soluturi erTi, ise materia. Tu movigonebT, rom ra-
cionaluri Semecnebis sazRvrebs kantic gulmodgined
zRudavda da Seumecnebadi, saboloo angariSiT, am mi-

287
marTulebis yvela did warmomadgenelTan rCeboda, aR-
niSnul Sedarebas meti ufleba eqneba.
absolutur racionalizmze uaris Tqma da rwmeni-
saTvis, rogorc Semecnebadis safuZvelze daSvebuli-
saTvis, adgilis datoveba neoplatonizmma universalu-
ri msoflmxedvelobis Sesaqmnelad gamoiyena. mTeli
naklovanebis miuxedavad, man dadebiTi roli Seasrula
sakacobrio kulturis ganviTarebaSi ara marto anti-
kurobis dasasruls da Sua saukuneebis msoflmxedve-
lobis formirebis epoqaSi, aramed, axali, renesansuli
kulturis Camoyalibebis drosac. am procesSia CarTu-
li petriwis mier neoplatonizmis gaazrebac. pirvel-
sawyisis Seumecnebadoba masTan, iseve, rogorc Semdeg
nikoloz kuzanelTan, Semwynareblobis safuZvladaa
gamoyenebuli da sikeTis absoluturobis da borote-
bis arasubstanciurobis erT-erTi sayrdenia. Semecneba,
romelic gakvirvebiT iwyeba da arsebulis keTili saw-
yisis TandaTanobiTi gamovlenis gziT xorcieldeba,
sruldeba umaRlesi sikeTis winaSe `gancvifrebiT~,
romelic mouxsnelia, igi saboloo da myar mimarTu-
lebas aZlevs adamianis, iseve rogorc saerTod kosmo-
sis arsebobas. es mimarTeba Sinaarsobrivi gamoxatule-
baa absoluturis idumalebis winaSe im gancdisa, ro-
melzedac petriwamde `areopagitikis~ avtori, petriwis
Semdeg ki nikoloz kuzaneli msjelobda. adamianis
WeSmariti Semecnebis da saerTod kosmosis miznis dam-
Txveva petriwTan kargadaa gamoxatuli `gancvifrebaÁ~-
is cnebiT da `yovlad brZnul dumilTanaa~ kavSir-
Si178.505kosmosis maradiuli swrafva absoluturisaken
wriuli moZraobiT gamoxatuli adamianur SemecnebaSi
miuwvdomeli sikeTis winaSe mowiwebas ukavSirdeba:
kosmosi trnscendenturs `sdevso viTar gancvibrebuli
sikeTesa mis sanetaroÁsa sikeTisasa, romelsa oden du-
milman pativsca moklebiTa TqumaÁTaÁTa~179.506

288
 amaze afuZnebda petriwi adamianis daniSnulebis
axlebur gagebas, romelic konkretuli pirovnebis Ri-
rebulebis amaRlebasTan erTad zrdida mis movaleoba-
sac. am periodis qristianul filosofiaSi adamianis
movaleoba sakuTari eris da sakuTari kulturis wina-
Se saerTod ar gvxvdeba180.507marto bernar klervoeli
ki ar moiTxovda morwmunisagan yvelaferi dogmatebis
ganxorcielebisaTvis Seewira _ `daiviwye Seni xalxi,
Seni mSoblebis saxli~181.508aseTive azris iyo sqolas-
tikis epoqis racionalizmis saukeTeso warmomadgene-
li, petriwis ufrosi Tanamderove anselm kenterberie-
li. RmerTis winaSe adamianis valdebuleba, misi az-
riT, gamoricxavda yvela sxva valdebulebis Rirebu-
lebas. movaleoba samSoblos winaSe misTvis uazro
cneba iyo. petriwis azriT, absoluturi erTis, ro-
gorc sikeTisadmi miswrafeba, gulisxmobs adamianis
valdebulebas saerTod samyaros. kacobriobis da saku-
Tari xalxis winaSe. `aRviSurve me tomisaTvis guarTa
CemTasa~182.509petriwis es sityvebi misi Tavdadebuli da
nayofieri moRvaweobis warmmarTveli iyo da, amave
dros, misi anderZic.

 
 

289
 mecxre Tavi

arsen iyalToeli
efrem mcires Semdgom qarTuli filosofiuri az-
rovneba ori _ neoplatonizmisa da aristotelizmis mi-
marTulebiT warimarTa. pirveli mimarTulebis wamro-
madgenelia ioane petriwi, meoresi _ iaone petriwis Ta-
namedrove da efrem mcires mowafe1510arsen iyalToeli.
Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi arsen iyalToeli cno-
bili iyo, rogorc didi moazrovne da moRvawe. anton
bagrationi wers, rom igi icnobs qarTvel moazrovne-
ebs:
sxuasa petriwsa. sxuas didsa ioanes,
sxuasa arsenis, orTave Tanasworsa;
ucxod gamomTqmels, sakÂirvels piitikoss,
RmrTis metyuel ritors, WeSmarit filoso-
foss2.511.
anton bagrationi arsenis did damsaxurebad
Tvlis mis brZolas monofizitobis winaaRmdeg3,512rac
niSnavs saqarTveloSi qalkedonuri mimdinareobis Sem-
dgom ganmtkicebas. ioane bagrationi sagangebod aRniS-
navs, rom arsen iyalToelma `SeTxza erTbunebianTa
[monofizitTa] wvalebisa pirisdasayofeli werili, ro-
mel verara same RoniTa Zaledves somexTa pasuxis-
gebad~4.513solomon dodaSvils arsen iyalToeli, efrem
mciresa da ioane tariWis ZesTan erTad miaCnia, moRva-
wed, romlebmac `araTuoden hsTargmnes ellinuris
enidgan yovelni saeklesioni wignni, saRvTismetyvelo-
ni, safilosofosani da sxvani, aramed, agreTve, dawe-
res Tvissa enasa zeda yovelTa nawilTamebr sityÂere-
bisTa Txzulebani. mimdinareobasa Sina maT droTasa
mefeni Cveni hzrunavdnen ra keTilmdgomareobisaTvis
ymaTa TvisTa, warhgzavnidnen yovelsa welsa aTinasa
Sina TormetTa yrmaTa swavlaTaTvis~5.514

290
 Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi arsen iyalToelis Sesa-
xeb ori, arsebiTad gansxvavebuli Sexedulebaa gamoT-
qmuli. Salva nucubiZes ioane petriwis sawinaaRmde-
god, arsen iyalToeli miaCnda konservatoruli mimar-
Tulebis warmomadgenlad. brZola am dros `konserva-
torulsa da progresul banaks Soris warmoebs, _ S.
nucubiZis sityviT, _ dogmatikursa da antikuri filo-
sofiuri memkvidreobis SeTvisebas Soris~6.515iv. lo-
laSvilis sityviT, `daaxloebiT imave dros, rodesac
manganaSi filosofias eufleboda ioane petriwi~, ar-
sen iyalToels `auTvisebia yvela mowinave idea, rom-
lebiTac sunTqavda maSindeli ganaTlebuli sazogado-
eba bizantiaSi, da Seuswavlia antikuri warmarTuli
da Sua saukuneebis saRvTismetyvelo filosofi-
ac~7.516avtori fiqrobs, rom ioane petriwisa da arsen
iyalToelis dapirispireba `arc erTi filosofiur-Te-
ologiuri ZegliT ar dasturdeba~. piriqiT, fiqrobs
iv. lolaSvili, `arseni da ioane erT filosofiur
skolaSi aRizardnen, erTad moRvaweobdnen, ...erT did
saqmes _ qarTuli filosofiuri azrovnebis ganviTare-
bas emsaxurebodnen~8.517
arsen iyalToelis memkvidreobis Seswavlis dros
aucilebelia gaTvaliswineba, rom Zvel qarTul mwer-
lobaSi cnobili arsen iyalToeli da arsen vaCesZe _
erTi da igive piria, da krebuli `dogmatikoni~, rom-
lis mixedviTac Cven msjeloba gveqmneba arsen iyalTo-
elis msoflmxedvelobis sakiTxze, arsen iyalToelis
mier Sedgenili kompendiumia. Kk. kekeliZe werda: `rac
Seexeba arsen iyalToels da arsen vaCesZes, maTi saxe-
liT cnobili Txzulebebis analizi gvarwmunebs, rom
es erTi da igive pirovnebaa, mxolod erT SemTxvevaSi
aRniSnulia misi samSoblo an moRvaweobis adgili,
iyalTo, meoreSi ki gvari an mamis saxeli~9.518
Cvenamde miRweuli cnobebis mixedviT, arsen iyal-
Toeli swavlobda manganis akademiaSi, moRvaweobda Sav

291
mTaze. saqarTveloSi dabrunebis Semdeg gelaTSi, Sio
mRvimesa da iyalToSi, sadac mas akademia dauarsebia
da misi xelmZRvanelic yofila. arseni iyo daviT aRma-
Seneblis Tanamedrove da daaxloebuli piri, rac Ta-
visTavad metyvelebs mis avtoritetsa da mniSvneloba-
ze eris sazogadoebriv da kulturul cxovrebaSi. amis
erT-erTi damadasturebelia misi monawileoba daviTis
mier mowveul saeklesio krebaze (es kreba, k. kekeliZis
varaudiT, unda Catarebuliyo misi mefobis ukanasknel
wlebSi, ara uadres 1123 wlisa), romelic exeboda mo-
nofizitebsa da diofizitebs Soris arsebul sadavo
sakiTxebs. daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosis sityviT,
arsen iyalToeli miwveuli iyo am krebaze, rogorc
,,mTargmneli da mecnieri berZenTa da qarTvelTa enaTa
da ganmanaTlebeli yovelTa eklesiaTa”10.519bunebrivia
vifiqroT, rom arseni am krebaze diofizitobis pozi-
ciebs icavda.
krebas daviTic eswreboda. cnobilia, rom daviT
aRmaSenebeli iyo ara mxolod udidesi politikuri
moRvawe da saxelmwifos mmarTveli, romelmac udidesi
roli Seasrula qarTveli eris istoriaSi, aramed cno-
bili moazrovnec; interess ar iqneba moklebuli Seve-
xoT am krebis mimdinareobasa da daviTis damsaxurebis
sakiTxs krebis gadawyvetilebebSi.
kamaTi (sityÂs-geba) didxans gagrZelda, ,,ciskriT-
gan vidre cxra Jamamde”. rogorc istorikosi SeniS-
navs, mxolod Zlevis JiniT, Sepyrobili mokamaTeni
iseT abstraqciebSi SeiWrnen, saidanac gamosvla gau-
WirdaT (,,rameTu Sevidnen SeuvalTa saqmeTa da Zniad
gamosavalTa”). mokamaTeTa dausrulebeli dava, ,,Seewyi-
na mefesa” da Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa maT: ,,Tquen,
mamano, siRrmeTa sadame Sesrul xarT da ucnaurTa
(Seucnobad) xedvaTa, viTarca filosofosni, da Cuen
vera-ras uZlebT cnobad, viTarca uswavlelni da yov-
lad msoflioni”. am sityvebis Semdeg, romelSic, vfiq-

292
robT, garkveuli ironiac gamosWvivis, mefem gaagrZela:
magram icodeT, rom me, viTarca ,,Sors myofi swavlu-
lebasa da mecnierebasa”, viTarca ,,mÃedrobaTa Sina aR-
zrdili”, SevuerTdebi Tqvens kamaTs ,,litoniTa da
martivTa mier situaTa” meSveobiT.
,,ese ra Tqua, _ agrZelebs Txrobas istorikosi, _
iwyo maTda mimarT sityuaTa Tqmad, romelsa RmerTi
moscemda ueWvelad pirsa missa. eseodenTa igavTa da
saxeTa winadaudebda, aÃsnaTa sakÂrvelTa mier winada-
udgomelTa da ucilobelTa, romliTa daanTqna, da da-
uyo piri maTi da upasuxo yvna da yovlad usit-
yvel...”11520damarcxdnen krebaze ,,mwvalebelni” da ,,yov-
lad uRono” mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen, iZulebulni
iyvnen eRiarebinaT ,,cxadad Zleuleba TÂsi” da gamoeT-
qvaT Tavisi gaoceba daviTis mier warmoTqmuli sit-
yviT: ,,Cven, mefeo, mowafe guegone amaT moZRuarTa,
TquenTa, garna, viTar vxedavT, Sen same xar moZRuari
moZRuarTa, romlisa brWalsa ver mimwuTar arian ege
moZRuar sagonebelni Tqvenni”. paeqroba damTavrda ise,
rom damarcxebuli mowinaaRmdegeni ,,miiqcevs sircxle-
ulni, arRara odes mkadrebelni amisni odesca”12.521
arsen iyalToelis orTodoqsuli suliskveTeba
mxolod monofizitebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul diskusia-
Si ar gamovlenila. arsenis saxelTan dakavSirebuli
mTavari Txzuleba ,,dokmatikoni” warmoadgens mis mier
Sedgenil didi mocilobis kompendiums, romelic emsa-
xureba mizans, rom dogmatebis dacvisa da eretikose-
bis Teoriuli ukugdebis ZiriTadi sayrdenis roli Se-
asrulos.
arsenis Seurigebeli pozicia Cans im komentareb-
Si, romelic man daurTo aRmosavleTis cnobil moRva-
wis anastasi sinelis (gardaicvala 700 wlis maxlob-
lad) Txzulebas `winamZRvari~ (οδηγός). es Txzuleba
manve Targmna konstantinopolSi _ `monastersa Sina
wmindisa giorgisa. manganas~13522da `dogamtikonSi~ pir-

293
vel adgilze moaTavsa. arsenis interesi am avtorisad-
mi SemTxveviTi ar aris, radganac imdroindel saqar-
TveloSi monofizitoba yvelaze ufro realuri mimdi-
nareobaa eretikulad aRiarebul moZRvrebaTa Soris
da mis aqtualobaze is faqtic metyvelebs, rom analo-
giuri diskusia CvenSi Tamar mefis drosac Catarda.
anastasi sineli da misi `winamZRvari~ _ erT-erTi mniS-
vnelovani avtori da Txzulebaa orTodoqsiis dacvisa
da monofizitebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul polemikaSi.
anastasi sineli, `berZnuli eklesiis~ es cnobili
warmomadgeneli, iyo Tavisi drois Teoretikosic, ro-
melmac ioane damaskelze adre mimarTa aristoteles
orTodoqsiis Teoriuli dasabuTebis mizniT da ener-
giuli da dauRalavi mebrZolic. mas xSirad miutove-
bia Tavisi senaki im mizniT, rom egviptesa da siriaSi
gamarTul disputebze eretikosTa winaaRmdeg mebrZo-
lis da orTodoqsul (`kaTolike~) mimdinareobis dam-
cvelis rolSi gamosuliyo. 640 wlis wina xanebSi is
aleqsandriaSi imyofeboda da monofizitobis winaaR-
mdeg ibrZoda. misi `winamZRvari~ saxelmZRvanelo wigni
`marTlmadidebluri WeSmaritebis dasacavad~, mimarTu-
li eretikuli mimdinareobebis, gansakuTrebiT, monofi-
zitobisa da misi mravalgvari ganStoebis winaaR-
mdeg14.523
arsen iyalToeli savsebiT garkveuli azrisaa am
Txzulebaze da naTelia ra amocanebs ayenebs is Tavis
winaSe misi qarTulad gadmoTargmnis dros. es Txzu-
leba, wers arseni, aris namdvili `winamZRuari wmidisa
kaTolike da samociqulo eklesiisaÁ da [aris] Tuali,
romliTa hxedavs, da piri, romliTa zraxavs-da sasme-
neli, romliTa esmian RmerTSemosilTa mamaTa ucTo-
melni moZRurebani, da [aris] saynoseli, romliTa iy-
nos sulnelebasa RmrTivsulierTa yuavilisasa, da
marjuene mklavi, romliTa esrvis da sdevnis samwva-
leblobaTa mÃecTa gesliansa siborotesa~15.524

294
 meore Txzuleba, Setanili arsenis mier `dogmati-
konSi~, ione damaskelis `codnis wyaroa~. es Txzuleba
Targmna arsen iyalToelma im saxiT (1-li da me-3 nawi-
lebi), rogoriTac es Txzuleba ufro adre efrem mci-
res mier iyo Targmnili.
ukanaskneli drois gamokvlevebSi gamoTqmuli Se-
xedulebis mixedviT, ioane damaskelis am Txzulebis
efremisa da arsenis Targmanebi `TiTqmis Tanadroulia
erTmaneTisa~. orive Sesrulebulia `XI s. 90-ian wleb-
Si. maT, albaT, ramdenime weliwadi Tu aSorebT erTma-
neTs~16.525aseT pirobebSi bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva misi
meored Targmnis Sesaxeb. rogorc adre k. kekeliZem aR-
niSna, arsenis Targmanma meti popularoba moipova da
ufro metad gavrcelda. sayuradReboa, rom `codnis
wyaros~ somexi diofiziti beris _ simeon bRinZahane-
lis (XII s.) somxuri Targmanic Sesrulebulia arsenis
qarTuli Targmanidan17.526
qarTul mecnierebaSi sxvadasxva mosazreba arse-
bobs am Txzulebis ori Targmanis Sesaxeb. k. kekeliZis
azriT, `mTavari mizezi amisa unda yofiliyo ideolo-
giuri gardatexa, romelic arsenis SegnebaSi momxda-
ra~. im dros, rodesac efremi am wigns Targmnida, ar-
seni, iseve, rogoc efremi, `aristotelizmisa da pla-
tonizmis simfoniis... poziciaze mdgara... SeiZleba pla-
tonizmisaken gadaxriTac~18.527Semdeg ki, `codnis wya-
ros~ Targmnis dros, `ioane italis bedis zegavleniT~
Tu sxva romelime mizeziT, masSi gardatexa momxdara
da is aristotelizmisaken gadaxrila19.528
S. nucubiZe, romelic saerTod fiqrobda, rom ar-
sen iyalToeli konservatoruli da dogmatikuri mi-
marTulebis meTauri unda yofiliyo XII s-is qarTuli
filosofiis ganviTarebaSi, am faqts xsnida efremisa
da arsenis Sexedulebebis principuli gansxvavebis sa-
fuZvelze20.529`dialeqtikis~ orive Targmanis gamomceme-
li maia rafava fiqrobs, rom am Targmanebis `teqstob-

295
rivi Sedareba~ ar iZleva safuZvels, rom maT Soris
`msoflmxedvelobrivi xasiaTis gansxvaveba davinaxoT~.
am TargmanebSi ar Cans imis niSnebi, rom `arsenis Tar-
gmani aristotelizmis poziciebidan aris Sesrulebu-
li, xolo efremisa _ platonizmis~21.530ganxvaveba Tar-
gmnebs Soris mxolod imiTaa gamowveuli, rom mTar-
gmnelebi berZnuli teqstis sxvadasxva dedniT sargeb-
lobdnen22.531
sakiTxi, rogorc Cans, Semdgom Seswavlas saWiro-
ebs. magram vfiqrobT, rom am Targmanebis mniSvneloba
qarTuli azrovnebisTvis, yovel SemTxvevaSi obieqtu-
rad, sxvadasxvagvari unda yofiliyo. `dialeqtikis~
efremis Targmani SesamCnevad ufro vrcelia da saqme
aq mxolod zomaSi ar aris. efremis Targmani SesamCne-
vad ufro metad Seicavs sakiTxebs, romlebic filoso-
fias ganekuTvneba, am sityvis antikuri gagebiT, met im-
formacias iZleva antikuri filosofiidan memkvidreo-
biT miRebul sakiTxebze da maT antikur gadawyvetaze.
amdenad, mas meti mniSvneloba unda hqonoda filoso-
fiuri azris ganviTarebisTvis. `dialeqtikis~ efremise-
ul Targmanis am nawilSia moTavsebuli filosofiis
ganmartebani, aristoteles kategoriebis cxrili da
mravali sxva, razedac zemoT Sesatyvis TavSi iyo sau-
bari.
`dogmatikonis~ SemadgenlobaSia ioane damaskelis
mowafis Teodore abukuras (740_820) traqtatebi, rom-
lebic mimarTulia ebrauli da mahmadianuri religie-
bisa da sxvadasxva eretikul moZRvrebaTa wina-aRmdeg.
saqarTveloSi sadac arabebi ramdenime saukune bato-
nobdnen, mahmadianuri `wvaleba~ unmiSvnelo movlena
ar unda yofiliyo da gasagebia, rom arsen iyalToel-
ma saWirod dainaxa Tavis kompendiumSi antimahmadianu-
ri Txzulebac Seetana. magram abukuras es traqtati
mxolod mahmadianobis kritikiT ar ifargleba. aq sak-
mao yuradReba aqvs daTmobili TviT qristianuli moZ-

296
Rvrebis SigniT warmoqmnil mimdinareobebs, maT Soris
nestorianobas, severianTa, anu iakobitTa wvalebas da
gansakuTrebiT monofizitobas da mis ganStoebebs.
rogorc somxuri wyaroebidan Cans, abukura did
aqtivobas iCenda diofizitobis danergvisaTvis somxeT-
Si. am mizniT Camosula is (IX s-is dasawyisSi) somxeT-
Si, sadac sagangebo paeqroba Caatares dogmatikur sa-
kiTxebze. somxuri istoriuli wyaroebis mixedviT, am
paeqrobaSi abukura daumarcxebia diakvan nanas, rome-
lic sagangebod gamogzavna mesopotamiidan somexma
vardapetma biuratma. damarcxebuli abukura somxeTi-
dan gauZevebiaT23.532
rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, monofizitebsa da
diofizitebs Soris arsebul davaSi, romelic aRmosav-
leT romis imperiaSi warmoebda, romis papi leoni Cae-
ria. man sakmaod mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula diofi-
zitobis dogmatikis dakanonebaSi. mas Semdeg, rac mo-
nofizitobis winaaRmdeg brZoli meTauri flaviane
konstantinopoleli gardaicvala (mas mowinaaRmdege
berebis brbo Tavs daesxa da cemiT sikvdilamde miiyva-
na), leonma kategoriulad mosTxova konstantinopolis
keisars saeklesio kreba moewviaT da monofizitoba
daegmoT. es kreba keisarma markianem moiwvia q. qalke-
donSi da aqve dakanonda diofizituri dogmati. Sem-
TxveviTi ar aris, rom am davisa da kamaTebis iseTi
mniSvnelovani dokumenti, rogoric leon papis episto-
le iyo flavianesadmi, arsen iyalToels mTlianad
uTargmnia da `dogmatikonSi~ Seutania24.533
arsenis gansaxilvel TxzulebaSi, moTavsebul
TxzulebaTa Soris, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ip-
yrobs evstrati nikielis saxeliT aRniSnu-li traqta-
ti, mimarTuli romis eklesiis winaaRmdeg: `yovlad
brZnisa evstrati nikiel mitropolitisaÁ mosaÃsenebe-
li gamokrebili Tu odes hromni da eklesiaÁ maTi da
raÃsaTÂs saRmrToTa aRmosavlisa eklesiaTagan ganiW-

297
rnes~. Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi, rogorc mkvlevrebi
aRniSnavdnen, es traqtati `erTaderTi antikaTolikuri
Txzulebaa, romelic qarTulad uTargmniaT~25.534
evstrati nikieli cnobili pirovnebaa bizantiis
istoriaSi, rogorc mravali saRvTismetyvelo Txzule-
bis avtori. ana komnenosi sityviT, `ganbrZnobili saR-
vTo da saero mecnierebebSi, igi aRemateboda dialeq-
tikaSi stoikosebsa da akademikosebs~26;535mas eWira sae-
piskoposo kaTedra. Tavidan keisar aleqsisTan megob-
rul urTierTobaSi imyofeboda da mis oficialur Te-
ologad iTvleboda. iyo ioane italosis `erT-erTi
TvalsaCino da Tanmimdevruli mowafe~27.536bolos, imis
gamo, rom mis nawerebSi antikuri filosofiisa da,
kerZod, aristoteles SexedulebaTa gavlenis niSnebi
SeamCnies, misi cxovreba iseve damTavrda, rogorc misi
maswavleblisa. is eklesiam Serisxa da msjavri
daado28.537
evstrati nikielis es Sroma exeba romisa da bi-
zantiis eklesiaTa konfliqts da aRmosavleTisa da
dasavleTis religiur niadagze warmoqmnil gamxeTqi-
lebas, romelmac mniSvnelovani gavlena iqonia maT
Semdgom ganviTarebaze.
romis eklesiis winaaRmdeg wayenebul braldebeb-
Tan erTad, romlebic exeba saeklesio wes-Cveulebebs,
disciplinarul sakiTxebs da liturgiis wesebs, ev-
strati nikielis SromaSi ganxilulia dogmatikuri sa-
kiTxebi, kerZod, samebis erT-erTi wevris suli wmidis
gamomavlobis Sesaxeb da gakicxulia romis eklesiis
Tvalsazrisi e. w. filioque‐ს sakiTxze. rogorc aRniSnu-
lia mecnierebaSi, am abstraqtuli da TiTqos cxovre-
bisgan mowyvetili diskusiebis iqiT ifarebida `war-
modgenebi samyarosa da sazogadoebriv organizacia-
ze~29.538dasavleTis eklesiis Sexeduleba am sakiTxze
momdinareobs avgustinesgan da kanonizirebuli iyo VI
da VII ss.-is krebebze da Semdeg, magram, cxadia, rom

298
berZnul-romauli saeklesio konfliqtis da polemikis
`mTeli ganviTarebis umTavres safuZvels warmoadgens...
politikur mvlenaTa ganviTareba. mTavari faqtori aq
aris romisa da konstantinopolis politikuri metoqe-
oba~30.539
sayuradReboa, am komfliqtis mogvarebisa da Se-
Tanxmebis cdas rom araerTxel hqonda adgili, magram
es cdebi uSedegod damTavrda.
rogorc iTqva, evstrati nikielis xsenebuli
Txzuleba erTaderTia Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi ro-
mis eklesiis winaaRmdeg mimarTul nawarmoebTa Soris.
es faqti SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos. rogorc k. kekeli-
Ze aRniSnavs, saqarTveloSi Tavdapirvelad ar iziareb-
dnen saberZneTis rigolistul da konservatorul Se-
xedulebas romis eklesiis Sesaxeb. aq batonobda sxva
Sexeduleba, romelsac giorgi mTawmideli meTaurobda
da romelic fiqrobda, rom `...hromTa vinaÁTgan erT
gzis icnes RmerTi, araodes midrekil arian da arca
odes wvalebaÁ Semosul ars maT Soris~31.540
arsen iyalToelis filosofiuri msflmxedvelo-
bis garkvevisTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs
`dogmatikonSi~ Setanil patara zomis filosofiur-Te-
ologiur traqtats, romelic pirvelis sakiTxs exeba
(`pirmSoÁsaTÂs~) da dasaTaurebis mixedviT ekuTvnis XI
s-is cnobil bizantiel filosofoss miqael fselos
(`didisa filosofosisa fselosisaÁ mowafeTa TÂsTa mi-
marT TargmanebaÁ sityuasa mas RmrTismetyu-elisasa...~).
amgvari traqtati ar aris cnobili fselosis
TxzulebaTa berZnul siebSi da es faqti gaxda sababi
imisTvis, rom traqtati mieweraT jer ioane petriwis-
Tvis (k. kekeliZe) da Semdeg TviT arsen iyalToelis-
Tvis (S. nucubiZe). arc erTi SexedulebisTvis sakmari-
si safuZveli jerjerobiT ar arsebobs, ris Taobazec
marTebuladaa aRniSnuli qarTul mecnierebaSi (iv.
lolaSvili)32.541magram, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT am traq-

299
tatis Sinaarss, romelic Tavis filosofiur nawilSi
neoplato-nizmis (da amdenad qarTul sinamdvileSi _
petriwis) winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli, rogorc es samar-
Tlianad aRniSna S. nucubiZem, maSin misi mikuTvneba
petriwisTvis, SeuZlebelia.
traqtatis mizans Seadgens gaarkvios pavle moci-
qulis mier oTxgzis xmarebuli sityva `pirmSoÁs~ mniS-
vneloba. pirmSo, rogorc pirveli _ Seqmnilis mimarT
(kilas., 1.15); pirmSo, rogorc pirveli ZmaTa Soris (ro-
mael., VIII,29), rogorc pirveli meored mosvlis dros
(kilas., 1,18; I korinT., XV,20) da pirveli, rogorc mar-
tivad pirveli.
traqtatis pirveli nawili exeba pirvelis, ro-
gorc filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis sakiTxebs da
es aris Cveni interesebis saganic33.542traqtatis am mo-
nakveTis ideuri Sinaarsis am nawilma SeiZleba gaur-
kvevloba Seitanos azrTa sxvadasxvaobaSi, romelic,
rogorc vnaxeT, arsebobs arsen iyalToelis garSemo.
traqtatis es nawili Teoriuli Sinaarsisaa da
avtoris Sexedulebebs polemikuri xasiaTi aqvs, rac
kritikuli formiT aris gamoTqmuli. samwuxarod, ar
aris, dasaxelebuli moZRvreba, romlis winaaRmdegacaa
kritika mimarTuli, rac arTulebs maTi filosofiuri
Sinaarsis garkvevas. magram amis SesaZlebloba ar aris
gamoricxuli. avtoris Sexedulebani traqtati am na-
wilSi SeiZleba Semdegi debulebebis saxiT gamoiTqvas:
1. ar aris swori (,,ujero ars~) dabadebulis Tana-
Sefardeba (,,Tana-Setyuebis yofaÁ~) dambadebelTan;
2. ,,Seqmnili~, anu igive dabadebuli, ver Seetole-
ba, ver Seezomeba (,,ver SezomebiT Seesworos~) Tavis
Semoqmeds (Tavis dambadebels);
am ori debulebidan gamomdinareobs Semdegi debu-
leba:
3. arc is aris marTebuli (,,arca ese samarTal
ars~), rom Seqmnilma miiRos ,,pativi RmrTeebisaÁ~ (e. i.

300
pativi Semoqmedisa da dambadeblisa), radgan, monoTe-
izmis mixedviT, romlis poziciebze arseni uryevad
dgas, Semoqmedi (RmerTi, dambadebeli) mxolod erTi,
Tavad daubadebeli SeiZleba iyos.
4. Tumca mze sxva movlenebze adre aris Seqmnili
(`vinaÁTgan uxuces sxvaTa ars Sesaqme mzisa~), magram
es sauZvels ar iZleva is dambadeblad da RmerTad va-
RiaroT.
5. arc is aris swori, rom romelime movlenas, mi-
si ,,uxucesobis~ , e. i. ufro adre warmoqmnis gamo, mi-
vaweroT ,,usrulesobaÁ~. amitom cas, Tumca axasiaTebs
,,uxucesoba~ mzesTan SedarebiT, magram es ar iZleva
safuZvels mivaweroT mas ,,usrulesobac~. arc ca da
arc erTi movlena ar warmoadgens gamonakliss, yoveli
arsi ararsisgan aris Seqmnili; verc erTi movlena ver
daaRwevs Tavs ,,ararsisagan arsad mosulobas~34.543
S. nucubiZe am traqtats adre Seexo da ,,avtoris
polemikuri ganwyobileba~35544maSinve iyo SemCneuli; ka-
maTi, romeliRac moZRvrebis winaaRmdeg eWvs ar iwvev-
da. S. nucubiZis dakvirvebiT kamaTi imaT winaaRmdeg _
,,visac mze gamourCevia da misTvis ,,pativi RmrTeebisaÁ
miukuTvnebia~, ... ,,visac caÁc~ ganudidebia da misTvis
,,usrulesobaÁ arsebaÁsac~ miuweria36.545mokled, calke-
ul detalebze rom aRar SevCerdeT, mkvlevari ioane
petriwis ,,ganmartebaÁ~-Si xedavda XII s-is erTaderT
Txzulebas”, romelic Seicavs xsenebuli traqtatis av-
toris mier ,,sapolemikod gamocxadebul azrebs~37.546
Cven gaviziareT S. nucubiZis ZiriTadi Sexedule-
bani am traqtatis Sinaarsis da ideuri mimarTulebis
Sesaxeb38.547
S. nucubiZes Tavis pirvelive gamokvlevaSi hqonda
aRniSnuli, rom traqtatis ,,mTavari filosofiuri
kvanZi~ ormxriv iwvevs yuradRebas. erTi mxriv, ,,pirve-
lis~ cneba TavisTavad, misi mocemuli gageba da meore
mxriv, dasabuTebis meTodi, debulebaTa gaSlis wesi,

301
ramdenadac, rogorc cnobilia, dasabuTebis wess gansa-
kuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs Sua saukuneebis pirobeb-
Si da Tanamedrove mkvlevris mxriv sagangebo yuradRe-
bas moiTxovs.
Cvens mecnierebaSi gamoTqmulia Sexeduleba, rom
traqtatis avtori apagogiuri meTodiT sargeblobs.
magram es meTodi mxolod Soreuli analogiiT SeiZle-
ba CaiTvalos apagogiur meTodad. apagogiuri meTodis
Tavisebureba dasamtkicebeli debulebis pirobiTad
daSvebuli sapiris-piro debulebis Seusabamobamde day-
vanaSi mdgomareobs (deductio ad absurdum). am gziT keTde-
ba daskvna pirveli debulebis WeSmaritebaze.
xsenebul traqtatSi gamoyenebuli meTodi Tumca
debulebaTa dapirispirebas mimarTavs, magram aq erTi
am debulebaTagani winaswaraa WeSmaritad aRiarebuli
da logikuri operacia mxolod iqiTaa mimarTuli, rom
meore debulebis araWeSmariteba pirvel debulebasTan
SeuTavsebobiT gaxados naTeli. aq meTodi rCeba dogma-
tikurad, mas aklia apagogiuri meTodis mTavari niSani
– sapirispiro debulebis absurdamde dayvana da ami-
tom daskvna masSi arsebiTad mxolod moCvenebiTia.
gansxvaveba naTeli gaxdeba, Tu traqtatis meTods
SevadarebT ioane petriZis meTods, romelsac is erTi
Tavisi mniSvnelovani debulebis dasabuTebis mizniT
iyenebs.
traqtatis avtoris azriT, rogorc vnaxeT, ,,uje-
ro ars~ dabadebulis Tana–Sefardeba dambadebelTan
da Secdomaa (,,arc ese marTal ars~) RmerTis pativis
miwera iseTi movlenisTvis, romelic dabadebulia. ra
logikur wanamZRvrebs emyareba es uaryofiTi daskvne-
bi? pirveli daskvna imas, rom is ewinaaRmdegeba avto-
ris amosaval, winaswarve ueWvel WeSmaritebad aRiare-
bul debulebas: dambadebeli (RmerTi) da dabadebuli
(arsi) _ principulad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan; me-
ore daskvna – ewinaaRmdegeba aseve winaswar ueWvel

302
WeSmaritebad aRiarebul debulebas: RmerTis pativi mi-
ewereba mxolod Semoqmeds (sabolood RmerTs) da ara-
fers arsTagans.
petriwis debuleba, romelic Cven aq magaliTad
mogvyavs, miznad isaxavs daasabuTos, rom ,,eziarebiso
simravle erTsa~ (simravle monawileobs erTSi) da rom
aq ,,ziarebas~ (monawileobas) erTmxrivi mimarTeba aqvs:
simravle monawileobs erTSi da amis gamo iqceva erTi-
anobad, magram erTi ar monawileobs simravleSi da ar
iqceva simravled. davuSvaT, rom mxolod simravle ki
ar monawileobs erTSi da simravle ki ar Rebulobs
erTisgan mis ,,TÂTebas~ (da xdeba erTiani), aramed er-
Tic Rebulobs simravlisgan simravlis Taviseburebas
da xdeba mravali, rogorc es xdeba, fiqrobs petriwi,
erTrangovan (da amave dros, dabali rangis) movleneb-
Si – cecxlsa, miwasa, wyalsa da haers Soris.
dasabuTebis mizani imaSia, rom pirobiTad daSve-
buli debuleba Seusabamobamde (absurdamde) miyvanili
iqnes. marTlac, am pirobis qveS, rodesac ,,yoveli mzi-
arebeli (e. i. monawileobis orive wevri, am SemTxvevaSi
erTi da simravle) Tan miscems TÂssa TÂTebasagan da
kualad miiRebs misisa TÂTebisagan~39548 – ispoba erTis
,,uzadoba~ da dasabamis erTebrivoba; Tanabrdebian,
sworni xdebian pirvelni da Semdgomni, mizezni da Se-
degni (moqmedebani); ispoba pirvelisa da mizezis upira-
tesoba Semdgomisa da Sedegis mimarT; ibRaleba ,,yove-
li wesi da morTulobaÁ arsTa anaqusisa~; aRarc pir-
velia pirveli da aRarc Semdgomia Semdgomi. es ki Se-
uZlebelia (,,ars SeuZlebel da ujeroca~)40.549
SevexoT traqtatis debulebebs da maT Sinaarss.
pirveli sami debuleba emyareba cnebaTa ori wye-
bis igiveobas, arsebiT msgavsebas, erTi mxriv, dambade-
beli, Semoqmedi, RvTaebrivi pativiT aRmkuli da, meore
mxriv, dabadebuli, Seqmnili RvTaebriv pativs mokle-
buli. amave dros, pirveli da meore mwkrivis cnebebiT

303
gamoxatul Sinaarsebs Soris arsebobs garkveuli Tan-
mimdevroba: dambadebeli, Semoqmedi da RvTaebrivi pati-
viT Semkuli winamavalia, xolo dabadebuli, Seqmnili
da RvTaebriv pativs moklebuli _ Semdgomi. rac wina-
mavalia, is aris dambadebeli, SemoqmedebiTi da RvTa-
ebrivi pativiT Semkuli, rac Semdgomia _ is aris daba-
debuli, Seqmnili da RvTaebriv pativs moklebuli.
meoTxe da mexuTe debulebaSi swored am mimarTe-
bazea yuradReba gamaxvilebuli: mze sxva movlenebze
adrea Seqmnili, e.i. sxva movlenebTan mimarTebaSi wina-
mavalia, magram traqtatis avtoris mixedviT, es ar
niSnavs, rom is amis gamo dambadeblad da RmerTad va-
RiaroT. Tumca, igulisxmeba, aris Tvalsazrisi, rome-
lic mas amis gamo dambadeblad da RmerTad aRiarebs.
da bolos mexuTe debuleba: ca mzesTan SedarebiT
`uxucesia~, e.i. winamavalia mzesTan mimarTebaSi, magram
ar SeiZleba mas amis gamo arsebobis usrulesoba mie-
weros da saerTod aRmoCndes RvTaebrivi SemoqmedebiTi
aqtis gareSe, romelmac is, igulisxmeba, _ rogorc yo-
velive, _ ar-arsisgan arsad moiyvana. Tumca igulisxme-
ba, aqac arsebobs Tvalsazrisi, romelic mas amis gamo
arsebis usrulesobas miawers.
traqtatis avtoris pozicia eWvs ar iwvevs: erTia
dambadebeli, erTia Semoqmedi, erTia RmerTi, romelsac
erTaderTs Seefereba RvTaebrivi pativiT aRmkoba. yo-
velive danarCeni dabadebulia da Seqmnilia; maT So-
ris, Seqmnilia ararsidan arsad mosuli mzeca da cac.
arc erT Seqmnils ara aqvs raime upiratesoba sxva Seq-
mnilTan SedarebiT da arc erTi maTganis arsebis met-
naklebi sisrulisTvis ar arsebobs safuZveli.
aqedan cxadia, rom traqtatis avtoris mixedviT,
dabadebulisa da SeqmnilisTvis dabadebisa da Seqmnis
Zalis miniWebis yovelgvari cda niSnavs misi RvTaebri-
vis pativiT Semkobas, imis miuxedavad, midis Tu ara
polemikis obieqti am ukidures daskvnamde da amkobs

304
Tu ara igi Seqmnils, romelsac Seqmnis Zala ara aqvs,
namdvilad RvTaebrivi pativiT. aseve, mzisa da cis
`uxucesobis~ aRiareba traqtatis avtorisaTvis niSnavs
maTi dambadeblisa da RvTaebis pativiT Semkobas da ma-
Ti arsebis usrulesobis aRiarebas, imis miuxedavad,
midis Tu ara polemikis obieqti am azris pirdapir
aRiarebamde.
vfiqrobT, cxadia isic, rom moZRvrebaSi, romel-
sac traqtatis avtori ekamaTeba, dambadebels, Semoq-
meds da RvTaebrivi pativiT Semkobas, iseve, rogorc
arsebis usrulesobas, SefardebiTi, relatiuri xasia-
Ti aqvs. amitom, winaaRmdeg traqtatis avtorisa, rome-
lic Semoqmedis absoluturi gagebis niadagze dgas,
sakamaTo moZRvrebis mixedviT principulad SesaZlebe-
lia dabadebulisa da dambadeblis Tanafardoba, Seto-
leba, Sesworeba (`SezomebiT Sesworeba~), iseve, ro-
gorc SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva movlenaTa arsebis met-
naklebi sisrulis aRiareba.
SevexoT faqtebs imdroindeli qarTuli saazrov-
no sinamdvilidan: romeli filosofiuri moZRvrebis
niadagze da ra mniSvnelobiT aris SesaZlebeli gamar-
Tleba Sexedulebebisa, romlebsac traqtatis avtori
ekamaTeba.
ioane petriwis `ganmartebaÁSi~ gamoTqmulia Sexe-
duleba, rom yovel siras dasabami Sesatyvis monadaSi
(`mxoloÁ-Si~) aqvs; monada gadadis simravleSi, rome-
lic monadis erTgvarovania da siras simravle auci-
leblad ubrundeba erT monadas.
yoveli monada, petriwis mixedviT, aris pirveli,
warmomaarsebeli, warmomqmneli, `warmomTxzveli~ mTe-
li rigisa (sirasi) da, amdenad, msgavsia RmerTis mimar-
Tebisa warmoqmnilTa mimarT, romlebic masTan Sedare-
biT dabali rangis, mis `qveSeT~ arsebebs warmoadgens.
amitom xSirad petriws es mimarTeba monadasa da mis
Sesatyvis siras Soris gamoTqmuli aqvs, rogorc Rmer-

305
Tis mimarTeba `Tvis-qveSeTTa~ mimarT. `rameTu dasabam-
ni da dasawyisni siraTani arian viTar pirveli gone-
baÁ. romelsa vityviT namdvil myofad, rameTu ese nam-
dvil myofi da namdvil arsi emTavrebis da eRmrTvis
yovelsa myofsa da arssa, da yovelsa, wessa da Sewyo-
basa, da Suenierebasa mis Sorisi wesi da SuenierebaÁ
da SewyobaÁ~41.550Tumca es sityvebi exeba idealurs, nam-
dvil myofs da aq, traqtatis avtoris sityviT rom iT-
qvas, `pativi RmrTeebisaÁ~ mikuTvnebuli aqvs goniers,
magram orTodoqsuli TvalsazrisiT esec mkrexelobaa.
mTavari ki aq aris is, rom petriwis mixedviT, yo-
veli `mxoloÁ~ (monada) erTnairad `emTavrebis da eR-
merTvis~ Sesatyvis siras da marto es adgilic sakma-
risi iqneboda imisaTvis, rom cis, rogorc sxeulis mo-
nadas, mimarTeba sxeulTa sirasTan imave sityviT (`eR-
merTvis~) gamogvexata. meore adgilas petriwis mier es
azri gamoTqmulia ufro zogadi saxiT, romelic gu-
lisxmobs ara mxolod gonierTa monadas, aramed mona-
debs saerTod: `ese xedvaÁ metyÂs Cven, viTarmed erTni
da mxoloni swored yovelTa miefinebian arsTa morTu-
lobasa, sworad yovelTa aRmrToben TÂsTa erTebrivTa
naTelTaÁT~42.551
saboloo pasuxs kiTxvaze _ arsebobda Tu ara XII
s-is saqarTveloSi moZRvreba, romelic RvTaebrivi pa-
tiviT amkobda cas, iZleva petriwis Semdegi adgili:
`metyÂs Cven ese xedvaÁ, viTarmed pirvelni da uzenaes-
ni Soris siraTa eziarebian TÂsTa uzenaesTa wesTa.
rameTu pirveli gonebaÁ erTobriv ars da RmerTT-
morf. da kualad pirveli suli gonebis saxe ars, da
pirveli sxeulTaÁ sulis saxe ars da gonebisa. xolo
odes pirvelad sxeulTad gesmodis caÁ, ese mizezi da
uRmrTivesi yovelTa sxeulTa igulisxmie”43.552
ca `uRmerTivesia~ yoveli sxeulis mimarT mrava-
li niSniT: imitom, rom is aris pirveli sxeulebTan
ASedarebiT, aris mizezi maTi, warmomaarsebeli maTi,

306
dasabami (sawyisi) maTi da a. S. magram traqtatis avto-
ri am mimarTebaTa Soris yuradRebas cis `uxucesoba-
ze~ amaxvilebs. aris, Tu ara ca `uxucesi~ imaT mimarT,
rasac igi `eRmrTvis~ da rasTan SedarebiTac is `uR-
mrTivesia~?
petriwTan `uxucesi~ ufrosis, winamavlis, sinoni-
mia da Seesatyviseba berZnul πρεσβύτερος-s.
prokles Txzulebis me-40 TavSi gadmocemuli az-
ri _ `yovelives, risi emanaciac xdeba sxva mizezisa-
gan, win uswrebs is, rac TavisiT arsebobs da rasac
aqvs TavisTavadi `arseba~ da `...is, rac warmoqmnilia
TavisTavad da aris TavisTavadi, ufrosia imasTan Se-
darebiT, rac emanirebulia myofSi mxolod sxvisgan~,
petriwis mier Targmnilia Semdegnairad: `yovelTa
sxÂsa mizezisa mier warmoarsebulTa euxucebian da uZ-
Rua|nvian TÂiT TÂs mier warmodgomilni da TÂTmdgomo-
biTsa arsebasa mogebelni;~ da iqve: `... TÂs mier warmo-
Cenili da TÂTmdgomi uxuces sxÂsa mier myofobad war-
moCenilTa [ars]~44,553xolo am Targmanis `ganmartebaÁSi~
petriwi mimarTavs calkeul magaliTebs, sadac `TÂs
TÂs mier warmodgomilni~ da `TÂs mier warmoCenilni~,
e. i. uxucesni, `emTavrebian da eRrmTvian~, rogorc is
`namdvili myofis~ Sesaxeb ambobs, Tavis siras. es aris
`pirveli cxovelobaÁ~, romelic `zesTa Zes yovelTa
cxovrebisa siraTa~, `pirveli suli~, `pirveli buneba~
da, amjerad sayuradRebo, `pirveli sxeuli~ igive ca,
romelic zesTa Zes `sirasa yovelTa sxeulTasa~45.554
`aw ese, _ askvnis petriwi, _ yovelni sirani mTa-
varTani, viTar umizezoni da ubadni, dganan TÂs-queSe-
Ta siraÁs _ SorisTa yovelTagan da wyroian [wyaro-
dan, awyaroeben] TÂs gamo arsTa yovelTa anaqussa, da
akeTileben myofTa, viTar umaxlobelesni mis erTisa-
ni~46.555
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT neoplatonuri moZRvrebis
Taviseburebas, romlis safuZvelze aris agebuli ioane

307
petriwis filosofiuri Sexedulebani, cxadi gaxdeba
ratom aqvs cas uxucesobis gamo mzesTas SedarebiT
traqtatis avtori mier sakamaTod gadaqceuli `usru-
lesoba arsebisa~. swored imitom, rom ca aris `uxuce-
si~ mzesTan SedarebiT, aris pirveli, warmomaarsebeli,
mizezi mzisa; dazesTaebulia mzesTan SedarebiT da
`umaxlobelesia~ pirvelmizezisa, amitomaa misi arseba
`usrulesi~.
yovelive, _ wers prokle, _ rac sxvas arsebobas
(myofobas) aZlevs TviTaa pirvelad myofi, e. i. TviTaa
pirvelad is, rasac igi sxvas aZlevs. Myofobas is Ta-
visi arsebisgan aZlevs sxvas, radganac neoplatonuri
koncefciiT arsi warmoadgens safexurTa erToblio-
bas, sadac warmoarseba, emanacia, warmoqmna aris kleba;
amitom warmoarsebuli arseba naklebia da `udaresi~,
xolo warmomaarsebelSi, pirvelSi, warmomqmnelSi ar-
seba `dazesTaebulia da usrulesi~47.556
amgvarad, traqtatis avtoris mier sakamaTod aRia-
rebuli, ufro sworad, miuReblad aRiarebuli debu-
lebaTa erTi nawili araTu misaRebia petriwisTvis, es
debulebani masTan damowmebulia uSualod da saTana-
dodaa dasabuTebuli mTeli moZRvrebiT. saxeldobr:
Seqmnilma SeiZleba miiRos `pativi RmerTebisaÁ~, da
`uxucess~ aqvs arsebis `usrulesoba~.
SevexoT sakiTxebs: SeiZleba Tu ara dabadebuli
Seetolos dambadebels, Seqmnili Semqnels da aqve: Se-
iZleba Tu ara mze miviCnioT dambadeblad da RmerTad
imis gamo, rom is, sxva movlenebTan SedarebiT, ufro
adre iyo Seqmnili?
Seqmna, Semqmneli, Seqmnuli, dambadebeli da daba-
debuli Sua saukuneebis dogmatikisTvis damaxasiaTebe-
li da kreacionizmisTvis specifikuri Sinaarsis gamom-
xatveli terminebi ar aris damaxasiaTebeli petriwis-
Tvis. es terminebi iSviaTad gvxvdeba prokles teqstis
TargmanSi da TviT petriwis TxzulebaSi. prokles teq-

308
stis TargmanSi sityva `dabadebis~ gamoyenebisa: `rame-
Tu warmoyenebaÁ yovelTaÁ, anu Tu mkobaÁ, anu srul-
qmnaÁ anu pyrobaÁ, anu cxovel qmnaÁ, anu dabadebaÁ~. am
sityvas ara aqvs iseTi mniSvneloba, romliTac igi Se-
iZleboda Cveni traqtatis avtors exmara. petriwis
`ganmartebaÁ...~-Si gvxvdeba `Sesaqme~, romelsac erT
SemTxvevaSi48.557petriwisTvis Cveulebrivi, magram sxva
terminiT (warmoarseba da sxv.) gamoxatuli Sinaarsi
aqvs, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi bibliuri Cans49.558petriw-
Tan am, Suasaukuneebis azrovnebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
da Cveulebrivi terminebis funqcias asrulebs: `warmo-
qmneli~, `warmomaarsebeli~ da `warmoqmnili~, `warmo-
arsebuli~, `warmonaTxzi~, upiro formaSi; `warmoSo-
baÁ~, `warmoqmnaÁ~, `warmoarsebaÁ~, rac neoplatonizmis-
Tvis ιρίδο-is, emanaciis Sesatyvisi terminebia.
Sinaarsis mixedviT `Seqmna~ da `Seqmnuli~ arsebi-
Tad gansxvavebulia `warmoarsebisa~ da `warmoarsebu-
lisagan~, `Semqmneli~ da `Seqmnuli~ gulisxmobs maT
Soris arsebuli mimarTebis Sua saukuneebis dogmati-
kuri azrovnebisTvis specifikur gagebas, kerZod, yov-
lisSemZles, romelmac ararsi arsad moiyvana. `warmo-
maarsebeli~ da `warmoarseba~ emyareba antikuri filo-
sofiidan memkvidreobiT miRebul mizez-Sedegobriv mi-
marTebas. magram Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi maT So-
ris arsebuli gansxvaveba xSirad iSleba, mag., ioane
damaskelTan, dogmatikis udides avtoritoritetTan,
RnerTi daxasiaTebulia, rogorc Semqmneli, ar-arsis
arsad momyvanebeli, ganmgebeli da, amave dros, xSirad
yovelive arsebulis dasabami da mizezi. erT adgilze
ioane damaskeli (damaxasiaTebelia, rom dionise areo-
pagelze miTiTebiT) RmerTs axasiaTebs, rogorc `...mi-
zezs da dasabams yovelivesi, arsebas imisa, rac arse-
bobs, sicocxles imisa, rac cocxlobs, gonad imisa,
rac gonieria, gonebad imisa, rasac goneba aqvs~50.559

309
 terminologiuri sxvadasxvaobis gamo, romelic
SeimCneva dogma-tikuri azrovnebis warmomadgenelTa da
petriws Soris, Znelia zusti teqstualuri paralele-
bis dadgena dasmuli kiTxvis gasarkvevad e.i. iseTi ad-
gilebis moZebna petriwis TxzulebaSi, romlebic daa-
dasturebs saxeldobr Semqmnelisa da Seqmnlis, damba-
deblisa da dabadebulis Tan Setolebas. rac Seexeba
Sinaarseul paralelebs, es savsebiT SesaZlebeli xde-
ba, Tu petriwis filosofiaze msjelobis dros ganvi-
xilavT terminebs, romlebic masTan `Semqmnelisa~ da
`Seqmnilis~ funqcias asrulebs.
traqtatis avtoris mixedviT, ,,Semqmnelisa” da
`Seqmnulis~ `Sesworeba~ imitom ar SeiZleba, rom Seq-
mnis Zala mxolod RmerTs ganekuTvneba. yovelive da-
narCeni Seqmnilia da ar-arsisgan arsad moyvanili.
RmerTia mxolod Semoqmedi (Semqmneli), yovelive da-
narCeni _ mxolod Seqmnili. Tu davumatebT, rom Sua
saukuneebis dogmatikuri azrovnebiT Seqmnili TavisTa-
vad ar aris da mas arseboba mxolod RmerTis uSualo
SemoqmedebiTi aqtis Sedegad mieca, cxadi iqneba, rom,
traqtatis avtoris mixedviT, Semoqmedsa da Seqmnils
Soris gardamavali ufskrulia aRmarTuli. `Seqmnuli-
saTvis~ Seqmnis unaris miwera niSnavs miawero mas niSa-
ni, romelic mxolod RmerTis kuTvnilebas Seadgens.
aseTi unari Seqmnils miawero, niSnavs mas RvTaebrivi
niSani miawero da maSasadame, RvTaebrivi pativiT Seam-
ko.
arsebiTadaa gansxvavebuli petriwis Sexeduleba
warmomaarsebelsa da warmoarsebuls Soris.
petriwis mixedviT, marTalia, sabolood mwarmoe-
beli erTia da mTeli arsi pirvelmizezisgan (RmerTis-
gan) aris warmoebuli, magram samyaros `warmoeba~ mTe-
li rigi Sualedi safexurebiT aris gameSveobuli da
samyaro uSualod RmerTisgan ar aris warmoebuli. ar-
sis yovel safexurs aqvs warmoebis unari, Tumca Ti-

310
Toeuli maTgani Tavis mxriv zeda safexuris nawarmoe-
bia. arsis wyobis yoveli calkeuli safexuri (mag.,
`saRmrTo da erTebrivi ricxvi~, anu `RmrTivni da zes-
Taarsni mxoloni~, `namdvil myoi~, goneba, suli, bune-
ba, ca da a.S.) aris erTsa da imave dros warmoebuli
zeda safexuris mimarT da mwarmoebeli qveda safexu-
ris mimarT. sul bolo safexuris garda, romelic mxo-
lod warmoebulia da aRarafers awarmoebs da pirveli
sawyosisa, romelmac yovelive warmoaarsa da TviT
warmoebuli ar aris. mwarmoeblisa da warmoebulis mi-
marTeba sxvadasxva niSnebis mixedviT imaSi mdgomare-
obs, rom mwarmoebeli pirvelia, mizezia, dazesTaebu-
lia, umjobesia, `uxecesia~ da a.S. warmoebuli Semdgo-
mia, Sedegia (moqmedebaa), `qveSeTia~, udaresia da a. S.
magram safexurebad ganlagebul arsSi yoveli calkeu-
li safexuri pirvelicaa da Semdgomic, mizezica da
Sedegic, dazesTaebulic da qveSeTic, `uxucesic~ da
umcrosic, umjobesic da udaresic.
amgvarad, mwarmoebeli da warmoebuli, anda traq-
tatis enaze Tu gadavitanT _ Semqmneli da Seqmnili
savsebiT Setoladebi, Sesworebadi cnebebia da maTi
`Tana-Setyuebis yofa~ _ dasabuTebulia da SesaZlebe-
li.
is, rac iTqva cis Sesaxeb, SeiZleba iTqvas mzeze.
traqtatis avtoris mixedviT, rogorc `uxucesoba~ ci-
sa ar iZleva safuZvels misi RvTaebrivi pativiT Semko-
bisa da misi arsebis usrulesobis aRiarebisTvis, aseve
mzis Seqmna sxvaze adre (`uxuces sxuaTa~) ar iZleva
safuZvels misi dambadeblad da RmerTad aRiarebis-
Tvis. magram yovelive Tqmulis Semdeg, SegveZlo dag-
veskvna, rom Tu cis `uxucesoba~ aZlevda safuZvels
ioane petriws igi RvTaebrivi pativiT Seemko da misi
arsebis `usruleoba~ emtkicebina, aseve mzis Seqmna
`uxuces sxvaTa~ hqmnida safuZvels mis Sesaxeb iseTive

311
daskvnebi gaekeTebina, e. i. mze CaeTvala `dambadeblad~
da Seemko RvTaebrivi pativiT.
traqtati `pirmSoÁsaTvis~ sayuradrebo faqtia
Sua saukuneebis qarTuli da gansakuTrebiT XII s-is
filosofiuri azrovnebis ganviTarebaSi. rogorc iyo
aRniSnuli, ar arsebobs sakmarisi safuZveli mtkice-
bisTvis, rom is arsen iyalToels ekuTvnis. magram Sem-
TxveviTi ar aris XII s-is qarTuli filosofiuri az-
rovnebis erT-erTi cnobili warmomadgenlis mier misi
moTavseba `dogmatikonSi~. vfiqrobT, rom yovelive
Tqmulis Semdeg eWvs ar unda iwvevdes Sexeduleba,
rom traqtatSi gamoTqmuli kritikuli da polemikuri
Sexedulebani neoplatonizmisa da SeiZleba kerZod,
ioane petriwis winaRmdegaa mimarTuli. amas gvafiqre-
binebs traqtatSi gamoTqmuli sabuTebis da petriwis
filosofiuri Sexedulebebis SedarebiTi Seswavla da
am ori avtoris mier gamoyenebuli terminologiis gaT-
valiswineba.
traqtatSi kritikulad ganxiluli Sexedulebani,
rogorc vnaxeT, realuri faqtia arsen iyalToelis
droindel saqarTveloSi da traqtatis dawera, Tu ara
arsenis mier, misi Targmna da `dogmatikonSi~ Setana
amiT unda iyos nakarnaxevi. traqtatis mniSvneloba imi-
Tac izrdeba, rom misi avtori Tu mTargmneli ekuTvnis
cnobili qarTveli moazrovneebis ricxvs da misi `dog-
matikoni~ farTo popularobiT sargeblobda.
 

312
 meaTe Tavi

SoTa rusTaveli
 
rusTaveli, pirvel yovlisa, poetia da qarTuli
mxatvruli azrovnebis sferos ekuTvnis. `vefxistyao-
sanSi~, rogorc poeziis ZeglSi, Tanmimdevrulad aisa-
xa humanisturi msoflmxedveloba, SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom poema qarTuli renesansis yvelaze ufro mniSvne-
lovani Zeglia. magram masSi garkveuli filosofiuri
msoflmxedvelobaa asaxuli da am TvalsazrisiT misi
ganxilva savsebiT gamarTlebulia. miT umetes, rom
rusTavelis humanizmi organul mTlianobaSia mis fi-
losofiur SexedulebasTan, romelic humanizmis Teo-
riul safuZvels warmoadgens.
rusTavelis poema, Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT
warsulSi misi kritikisa da xSirad diskreditaciis
cdebs, qarTveli sazogadoebis garkveuli wreebis
mxriv, poeturi Semoqmedebisa da azrovnebis umaRlesi
donis Zegladaa aRiarebuli rogorc qarTveli cnobi-
li moRvaweebis, ise ucxoeli mkvlevrebis mxridan,
cxadia, mas Semdeg, rac is maTTvis xelmisawvdomi gax-
da mravalricxovani Targmanis meSveobiT.
SemovifarglebiT ilia WavWavaZisa da Cveni drois
ingliseli mkvlevris moris bouras mosazrebebiT.
ilia WavWavaZem Tavis pirvel nabeWd statiaSive
(1961 w.) rusTavels yuradReba miaqcia, rogorc `Cven
sasiqadulo~ poets. cota mogvianebiT `vefxistyaosani~
mis winaSe warmodga `ukvdav da genialur nawarmoebad~,
xolo naSromSi `akaki wereTeli~ da `vefxistyaosani~
(1887 w.), rusTaveli `msoflio geniis mwerlebis~ ran-
gis poetia, romlis nawarmoebSi gansaxierebulia `ada-
mianis sazogado~ saxeebi, maTi sayovelTao adamianuri
Tvisebebi. tarieli, avTandili da poemis sxva gmirebi

313
iseTive `didi Semoqmedebis ZaliT~ arian Seqmnilni,
rogorc `falstafi... hamleti da otelo~1.560.
`vefxistyaosnis~ gmirebi `yvelazed uwinares, ada-
mianebi arian~, `zogad adamianis bunebis mixedviT Seq-
mnilni da agebulni~, xolo poema mTlianad warmoad-
gens fsiqologiuri, esTetikuri, eTikuri da filoso-
fiuri TvalsazrisiT Seswavlis mniSvnelovan sagans.
XII da XIII ss-is Sexvedris wlebi, _ wers moris
boura, _ iyo `gacxovelebuli Semoqmedebis xana bevr
qveyanaSi da Soreulma saqarTelom amave epoqaSi msof-
lio literatura Tavisi unikaluri wvliliT gaamdid-
ra~2.561.
qarTuli filosofiis istoriisTvis rusTaveli,
cxadia, misi filosofiuri SexedulebebiT aris sayu-
radRebo. magram es Sexedulebebi ise mWidrodaa dakav-
Sirebuli mis humanizmnTan, rom maTi garkveva SeuZle-
belia misi msoflmxedvelobisa da, kerZod, humanizmis
gareSe.

$1. rusTaveli, rogorc humanisti

1. mravali da mravalgavri, xSirad erTi meoris

gamomricxavi Sexedulebebis miuxedavad, romlebic ga-
moTqmulia rusTavelis garSemo arsebul arc Tu mci-
rericxovan gamokvlevebSi, erTi debuleba, SeiZleba
iTqvas, sayovelTao aRiarebas poulobs: rusTaveli
udidesi da erT-erTi adrindeli humanistia msoflio
kulturis istoriaSi. am gamoTqmaSi renesansis epoqis
humanizmi igulisxmeba da analogiebis Zieba rusTavel-
sa da renesansis epoqis, gansakuTrebiT adrindel huma-
nistebs Soris, Cveulebrivi movlena gaxda platon io-
selianidan (1870) dRevandlamde.
renesansuli humanizmi renesansis ideur Sinaars
warmoadgens da rusTavelis humanizmTan dakavSirebiT

314
bunebrivad dgeba aRmosavluri da, kerZod, qarTuli
renesansis problema, miT umetes, rom bevrs sakamaTod
miaCnia renesansis sakiTxi araevropul qveynebSi. mag-
ram isic cxadia, rom S. nucubiZis aRmosavluri rene-
sansis Teoria sul met momxreebsa da farTo aRiare-
bas poulobs3.562davimowmeb iseT avtoritetul mkvle-
vars, romelicaa a. losevi: `...qarTuli aRorZinebis
mkvlevrebma daamtkices, rom qarTveli moazrovneebi
gamodiodnen neoplatonuri da arepagituli renesansis
wamomwyebad evropaSi, rom maT, eWvs gareSe, ekuTvniT
am mxriv prioriteti da rom maT aq ramdenime saukuniT
gauswres dasavleT evropas. dava amis winaaRmdeg SeuZ-
lebelia...~4.563
rusTavelis humanizmi imdenad ueWveli faqtia,
rom warmoadgenda da rCeba dRevandlamde poemis mTe-
li ideuri Sinaarsis da, kerZod, filosofiuri Sexe-
dulebebis kvlevis amosavlad da kvlevis Sedegebis
sazomad.
humanaizmisa da filosofiuri Sexedulebebis er-
Tianobis winaswar daSvebuli SexedulebiTaa gansaz-
Rvruli rusTavelis filosofiuri Sexedulebebisa da
wyaroebis mkvlevarTa pozicia umetes SemTxvevaSi.
mecnierebaSi sakmaod gavrcelebuli Sexedulebis
miuxedavad, renesansi da humanizmi ar daiyvaneba adami-
anis axlebur gagebasa da antikurobis aRdgenaze. huma-
nizmi msoflmxedvelobaa, misi ZiriTadi idea amqveyniu-
ri sinamdvilis Rirebulebisa da mniSvnelobis aRiare-
biT gamoixateba da am ideiTaa gansazRvruli rogorc
adamianis axleburi gageba, ise antikurobiT gataceba
da misi Taviseburi aRorZineba.
Sua saukuneebis msoflmxedveloba dualisturi
iyo da am dualizmis Teoriuli daZleva ver moxerxda
monoTeizmis safuZvelze. rac Seexeba Sua saukuneebis
qarTul kulturas, mas Tumca hqonda ganviTarebis gar-
kveuli Taviseburebani, dualizmi aqac darCa mis gan-

315
msazRvrel niSnad, xolo misi daZleva _ amocanad. S.
nucubiZe dualizmis daZlevas aZlevda gadamwyvet mniS-
vnelobas rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobaSi, rodesac
werda: `rusTaveli arsad ar uSvebs kavSiris gawyvetas
zecasa, rogorc amaRlebulis, bednierebisa da siyva-
rulis simbolos, da miwas, rogorc realuri, `xorcie-
li~ adamianisaTvis realur qveyanaze am bednierebis,
siyvarulisa da netarebis simbolos, Soris. swored am
sinTezSi, am erTianobaSia rusTavelis mier amqveyniur
sikiTeTeTa poeturi xorcSesxmis sidiade~5.564
am sinTeziTaa gansazRvruli renesansuli humaniz-
mis arseba da miwieri gageba, romelic gansxvavdeba,
rogorc Sua saukuneebis warmodgenebisgan, aseve anti-
kuri gagebisgan. `ra Tqma unda,  _  wers losevi, _ rene-
sansi zogadad aris miwieri adamianis miswrafeba _ ga-
namtkicos Tavisi miwieri arseboba. magram `miwieris~
gageba am epoqis warmomadgenelTaTvis Zalian Sorsaa
adamianis yovelgvari elementaruli da yoveldRiuri
moTxovnilebebisagan. `materialuri samyaros dafuZne-
ba~ niSnavda aq mis warmodgenas `maqsimalurad gasuli-
erebuli, maqsimalurad feradovani da mxedvelobisa
da smenisaTvis mimzidveli saxiT~. buneba renesansuli
gagebiT `savse iyo RvTaebrivi ZalebiT~ da warmoadgen-
da, pirvel yovlisa, TavisTavad sakmaris, uangaro
Wvretis sgans da mxolod Semdeg eqsperimentisa da
teqnikuri gardaqmnis obieqts~6.565
am sinTezis safuZvelzea warmoqmnili renesansisa
da humanizmis epoqis warmodgenebi samyaroze, misi `maq-
simaluri gansaxiereba, maqsimaluri feradovneba~, `mim-
zidveloba mxedvelobisa da smenisaTvis~. erTi sit-
yviT, samyaros humanisturi gageba da, rasac aranakle-
bi msoflmxedvelobrivi mniSvneloba aqvs, am samyaro-
sadmi humanisturi, Sua saukuneebisgan gansxvavebuli
damokidebuleba.

316
 2. renesansisa da humanizmis filosofiuri safuZ-
vlebis sakiTxi sakmaod rTulia da araerTmniSvnelov-
nad gadawyvetili. sayuradReboa, rom erTaderTi swo-
ri Sexeduleba am sakiTxze Cvens axlo warsulSi mwva-
ve diskusiis sagansac warmoadgenda. mecnierebis dRe-
vandel doneze, SeiZleba iTqvas, daZleulia dabrkole-
bani, romlebic eRobeboda neoplatonizmis didi mniS-
vnelobis aRiarebas saerTod filosofiis istoriaSi
da, kerZod, humanizmis epoqaSi.
neoplatonizmis ZiriTadi ideidan, romelic pirve-
li sawyisisa da samyaros mimarTebas emanaciis cnebiT
gamoxatavs, ori mniSvnelovani debuleba gamomdinare-
obs. orive maTganma gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba moi-
pova renesansis epoqis dasavleTSi da rusTavelis Se-
moqmedebaSi. neoplatonurma filosofiam am ideis meS-
veobiT amoavso ufskruli miwiersa da zeciur samyaro-
ebs Soris da Tavad samyaro warmosdga, rogorc `igive
RmerTi, oRond misi ganviTarebis garkveul safexur-
ze~7.566es moZRvreba `aRmoCnda friad Sesaferisi bazisi
renesansuli filosofiisTvis~, ramdenadac aristote-
les mSrali kontruqciebis nacvlad `iZleoda umaR-
les samyaroSi zesvlis cocxal SegrZnebas, RvTaebri-
vi energiebiT aRsavse bunebas da idealur samyaros,
rogorc cocxal da adamianisTvis savsebiT miRwevad
silmazes~8.567
naTelia, rom neoplatponizmi Tu ar iqneboda aRi-
arebuli pirdapir panTeistur moZRvrebad, masSi ar Se-
iZleboda SeumCneveli darCeniliyo mniSvnelovani pan-
Teisturi ideebi, misi `midrekileba~ panTeizmisken, rac
idealurisa da materialuris sinTezis, erTianobis
pirdapir gamoxatulebas warmoadgenda.
3. miwieri samyaros amaRlebulobis da kosmiuri
harmoniis ideam, rac miwierisa da zeciuris sinTezis
erT-erT mniSvnelovan gamovlenas warmoadgens, Sesa-
niSnavi, SeiZleba iTqvas, unikaluri mxatvruli gansa-

317
xiereba miiRo rusTavelis poemaSi. aq samyaroc amaR-
lebulia, adamianic da bunebis yvela movlenebic. kos-
miur harmoniaSi CarTulia mTeli samyaro, yvela misi
movlena, dawyebuli mnaTobebiT da damTavrebuli qve-
biT. mTeli buneba cocxlobs; sayovelTao harmonia da
simpaTia gansazRvravs avTandili Svidi mnaTobisadmi
(mzisa, saturnis, iupiteris, marsis, veneras, merkuris
da mTvaris) mimarTuli RaRadisis ganxorcielebis
imeds (,,vefxistyaosani” 553-563-e strofebi)9.568
gamoTqmulia sayuradRebo mosazreba (z. avaliSvi-
li), rom rusTavelis gagebiT am mnaTobebs garkveuli
funqciebi akisriaT adamianis bedis uSualo gamgeblo-
baSi da avTandilis locvaSi gaTvaliswinebulia spe-
cifikuri RvTaebrivi funqciebi, romlebsac Zveli mi-
Tologia miawerda am mnaTobebs. saturni _ `mrisxane
da boroti batonia~, iupiteri _ `zenaarsTa da adamia-
nis gamgea~, marsi _ `omisa da Zalis datanebis~ gamge,
venera _ `siyvarulis batonad~ iTvleba, merkuri _ `mo-
xerxebis, gamWriaxobis~ gansaxierebaa. `rusTavelic, _
daskvnis avtori, _ am xuT mnaTobTa Tvisebas, anu bune-
bas igulisxmebs: zuali (saturni _S. x.) aris misTvis
wyaro cremlisa, Wiris, kaeSnisa; muSTari (iupiteri _
S. x.) _ mosamarTle, `brew sruli~, marixi (marsi S. x.)
_ Tavisi laxvriT uwyalo vinmea, aspiroz (venera_S. x.)
_ keklucTa simSvenieris mimcemi~10.569
mnaTobebSi adamianis bedis ganmgeblobis danaxva
Seesabameba neoplatonur warmodgenebs da rusTavelis
filosofiur garemos iseve, rogorc mzis gatanas (wi-
naaRmdeg Sua saukuneebis warmodgenebisa) pirvel ad-
gilze — neoplatonizmSi aqvs gamarTleba. mze, ro-
gorc cnobilia, aRiarebulia am moZRvrebaSi pirveli
sawyisis, RmerTis xilul xatad, xolo pirveli sawyi-
sis samyarosTan mimarTebis rTuli sakiTxi garkveulia
mzisa da misi gamosxivebis, sxivTa fenis analogiiT.

318
 `vefxistyaosani~, z. avaliSvilis sityviT, `mziani
poemaa~ da amaSi didi azri igulisxmeba. mze aRemateba
danarCen mnaTobebs, romlebsac avTandili locviT mi-
marTavs Tu TiToeul mnaTobSi nagulisxmevia misi gan-
sakuTrebuli Tviseba da, aqedan gamomdinare, funqcia,
mze warmodgenilia, rogorc absoluturi Zala (`um-
ZlesTa mZleTa mZle~) da adamianis bedis umaRlesi
gamgebeli,... `mdabalTa amamaRlebeli da mefobis mimce-
mi~.
`he mzeo,...
vis xatad RmrTisad gityvian filosofosni winani~.
(836-837).
anda:
`mimavali casa Sestirs, eubnebis, etyvis mzesa:
aha, mzeo, geajebi Sen, umZlesTa mZleTa mZlesa~ da
a. S.

sayuradReboa, rom miqael modrekilis erT saga-

lobelSi gamoTqmuli Sexeduleba RmerTze, rogorc
`mdabalTa aRmaRlebelze da maRalTa mflobelze~,
rusTavels gadaaqvs mzeze11.570
kosmiuri harmoniis sauZvelze ganxorcielebuli
simpaTia adamianebsa da mnaTobebs Soris gansakuTrebu-
li garkveulobiT vlindeba avTandilis locvis bolo
sityvebSi, sadac, erTi mxriv, mTvarea moxmobili `Sua-
mavlad~ avTandilsa da TinaTins Soris:

`mas uamben sjani Cemni, ra mWirs, anu rogor

vbndebi,
midi, uTxar, nu gamwiravs, misi var da misTvis
vkvdebi~, (964).

xolo, meore mxriv, _ Svidive mnaTobi:

`aha, mmowmoben varskvlavni Svidnive memowmebian:

319
 mze, otaridi, muSTari da zual CemTvis bndebian,
mTvare, aspiroz, marixi movlen da mowmad myvebi-
an,
mas gaagonnen, ranica cecxlni uSretni mdebian~
(965).

harmoniisa da simpatiis sayovelTao mniSvnelobis

kidev erTi magaliTi:

`ra esmodis mRera ymisa, smenad mxecni movidian;

misve xmisa sitkbosagan wyliT qvanica gamosxdian;
ismendian, gahkvirdian, ra atirdis, atirdian,
imRers leqsTa sabraloTa, Rvarisaebr cremlni
sdian~ (968).

4. amqveyniuri sinamdvilis Rirebulebisa da mniS-

vnelobis aRiareba _ ontologiuri, eTikuri, esTetiku-
ri da gnoseologiuri Rirebulebebs erTianobas gu-
lisxmobs. jer kidev platonTan, romlisganac mniSvne-
lovnadaa davalebuli neoplatonizmi da Sesabamisad
Sua saukuneebis filosofia, WeSmariti arsi xsenebuli
oTxive aspeqtiT iyo Sefasebuli. ideaTa samyaros
mwvervali idea warmoadgenda umaRles arss, umaRles
sikeTes, umaRles mSvenierebas da WeSmariti Semecnebis
umaRles mizans. samyaro erTi mTlianobaa rusTvelis-
Tvisac, magram, rogorc poetisTvis, is esTetikur Ri-
rebulebas warmoadgens da, pirvel yovlisa, am mxrivaa
igi sayuradRebo.
rusTvelis poemaSi gvxvdeba araerTi pirdapiri
gamoTqma mTlianad samyaros da misi calkeuli movle-
nebis mSvenierebaze:

`ra vardma misi yvavili gaaxmos, daamWnarosa,

igi wava da sxva mova turfasa sabaRnarosa~ (36).

320
 samyaros calkeul movlenaTa warmomavloba ar
cvlis zogadi debulebis Sinaarss. samyaro yovelTvis
ganaxlebulia da mSvenieri. zogadi Sexeduleba samya-
roze vrceldeba mis calkeul movlenebzec. sayurad-
Reboa, rom romeli sityvac ar unda iyos gamoyenebuli
`vefxistyaosanSi~ samyaros movlenebis mSvenierebis ga-
mosaxatavad (Sveni, Sveneba, mSvenieri, turfa, lamazi) _
am epiTetebis sagnebs yovelTvis xiluli movlenebi
warmoadgens. rusTaveli dgas Tvalsazrisze, romelic
platonma Semdegi sityvebiT gamoxata: msvenieri aris
`sasiamovno mzeriTa da gancdili smeniT~12.571rusTavel-
Tan mSvenieri yovelTvis `sanaxavia~ da `saWvreteli~.
TvalTa turfa saWvreteli ucxod radme eSvene-
bis,.. (795).
amoa Wvreta turfasi, siaxle sayvarelisa... (122).
avTandil mWvretTa aSvenebs turfaTa aer-feriTa...
(1009).
eseni CemTvis mis gamo turfani sanaxavnia... (1291).

epiTetiT `turfa~ gamoxatulia silamaze saWur-

Wlisa, ganZisa, saCuqrisa, ZRvenisa13.572igive epiTeti ga-
moyenebulia qalaqTan da nagebobebTan (sasaxle, sax-
li, karavi) mimarTebaSi14.573Turfaa taiWi (430) da poema-
Si gavrcelebuli saxe-vardi ()878). uturfesi SeiZleba
iyos cxoveli da, ra Tqma unda, adamiani15.574
sityva `turfas~ Sinaarseuli kavSiri `trfiale-
bis~ saganTan _ naTelia, da amitomaa, rom am sityvas,
rogorc epiTets, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba
adamianTan mimarTebaSi, mis, rogorc sulier Tvisebeb-
Tan, aseve samkaulebTan kavSirSi, romlebic aZliere-
ben adamianis mSvenierebis aRqmas. turfaa avTandili,
nestani, TinaTini, tarieli16.575turfa SeiZleba iyos
adamianis saubari, moTqma, qceva, xma, simRera, ena (met-
yveleba), saxe, aRnagoba, adamianis samosi (juba, peran-
gi, ride), sagebeli, Zowi da margaliti17.576

321
 msgavsi Tqveni ramca meZRvna, Sveniero sanaxve-
lo!
Ra mogSorde, ra mergebis, saWvretelad sasurve-
lo?! (1441)
gaexarnes mislva Cemi turfisa da lamazisa!
(477).

avTandils hklavda TinaTinis `wamwamTa jaris...

Sveneba~ (441); tarielis `msgavsi Sveneba~ unaxavia kac-
Tagan (205): tarielis `Sveneba~ iseTi siZlierisaa, rom
misi dafarva SeuZlebelia (1503); avTandili gaocebu-
lia tarielis SvenebiT, romlis gadmosacemad mas sit-
yvebi ar hyofnis; fatmani `gakvirvebulia~ avTandilis
SvenebiT (1258).
Sen gtrfialeben mWvretelni, SenTvis sabralod
bndebian:
vardi xar. mikvirs, bulbulni rad ara Senzed
krfebian!
Seni Sveneba yvavilTa aWnobs da Cemnic Wnebian,
srulad damwvarvar, Tu mzisa Suqni ar momeswre-
bian. (1086).

nestanis `SuqTa Svenebani~ naTeliviT aqvs `Cad-

gmuli tariels gulSi~ (418).

xelmwifisa Svilsa giTxrob, kargsa ymasa, gulo-

vansa,
uebrosa zned da Tvalad, Sveniersa pirsa tansa.
(1186).
anda:
Seuyvarda erTmaneTi swvides miwyivs gulsa dagni,
mas Ramesa erTgan iyvnes mSvenierni amxanagni (670).

322
 da kidev ramdenime magaliTi: `mSvenieri~ rusTave-
lis poemaSi SeiZleba iyos ZRveni (770), saubari (893),
xma (1342), vefxvi, romelic tariels nestanis saxed da-
usaxavs (675) da sxv.
naTqvamidan garkveviT Cans, rom xiluli samyaros
yoveli movlena rusTavelisTvis SeiZleba warmoadgen-
des esTetikur Rirebulebas. magram, amave dros, eWvs
ar iwvevs, rom xiluli samyaros movlenebi `vefxistya-
osanSi~ garkveuli ierarqiis mixedviT aris ganlagebu-
li da maT erTnairi Rirebuleba ara aqvT. antikuri
filosofiidan miRebuli SexedulebiT, romelic neop-
latonizmma SeiTvisa da axali Sinaarsi misca, xiluli
samyaros movlenebi or ZiriTad _ zeciurad da miwie-
rad iyofa. amgvari Sexeduleba damaxasiaTebelia qar-
Tuli neoplatonizmisTvisac da rusTvelis poemisaT-
visac.
ZalaSi rCeba Sexeduleba mSvenierebis xilvadobi-
sa da smenaSi mocemulobis Sesaxeb, magram gansxvavebu-
lia zeciuri da miwieri movlenebis esTetikuri mniS-
vneloba. ciuri movlenebi, mnaTobebi da, kerZod, mze,
romelTa gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobaze gvqonda zemoT
saubari, maRali rangis mSvenierebaTa wyobas ganekuT-
vneba da rusTavelis poetur metyvelebaSi Sedarebisa
da metaforaTa umdidres saganZurSi mSvenierebis sa-
zoms warmoadgens. amis damadasturebeli faqtebi imde-
nia `mzian poemaSi~, rom maTi cotaT Tu bevrad sru-
lad warmodgena SeuZlebelia. davkmayofildeT ramde-
nime magaliTiT:

gamoegeba tariel, hmarTebs orTave mze darad,

anu ciT mTvare, uRrublo SuqTa mohfendes qve ba-
rad;
rome maTTana alvisa xeca vargiyos xed arad;
hgvandes SvidTave mnaTobTa, sxvadmca risad vTqvi
me da rad! (283)

323
 aha, mnaTobo soflisa, mzeo lxenao (1270)
mzesa me vjobdi SvenebiT, viT bindsa Jami dilisa
(323).
TinaTini mzesa swunobda, magram mze TinaTinobda
(52).
ra gaizarda [TinaTini], gaivso mze misgan sawuna-
ria (35).
darejan axlavs TinaTins,... Seyrilan orni mzenia
(1548).
igi mze qajTa mefesa hyavs qajeTs patimaria. (1320).
ra fatmanissa Sevida lomi mze moyme wyliani
(1118).
avTandil pirmze, spaspeti laSqrisa bevr-aTasisa
(45).

5. rac aqamde iTqva, samyaros axlebur gagebas,

rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis Taviseburebas da siax-
les, samyaro adamianTan mimarTebaSi vlindeba da, am-
denad, axal msoflgagebaSi Tavad adamianis Tavisebu-
rebanic unda gaxdes naTeli. `humanisturi amocanis~
garkvevisTvis adamianuri sakiTxis ganxilvacaa saWiro.
adamianuri gageba rom rusTavelTan axali da Za-
lian daSorebulia agiografiis asketikuri moralis-
gan, es naTelia. rusTavelis gmirebi cxovroben, ganic-
dian, azrovneben, moqmedeben cocxal, amqveyniur gare-
moSi. ibrZvian cxovrebiseuli bednierebisTvis da aqve
pouloben mas, aqve aRweven Tavis miznebs. sikeTisa da
mSvenierebis Zieba amqveyniur sinamdvileSi gamarTle-
bulia da dasabuTebuli. es qveyana Rirebulia, adamia-
nis masSi cxovreba _ mniSvnelovani. amitom soflis
siyvaruli sibrZnis umaRlesi gamovlenaa, miznebis miR-
wevisa da bednierebis aucilebeli pirobaa:

brZeni xar da gamorCeva ara ici brZenTa Tqmuleb,

324
 mindors stir da xecTa axlav, ras wadilsa ais-
ruleb?
visTvis hkvdebi, ver mihxvdebi, Tu sofelsa moiZu-
leb (877).

sibrZnis gamovlenaa, agreTve, WeSmaritad renesan-

suli ideali sicocxlisTvis brZolisa, misi ganmtki-
cebis, cxovrebis yvela SemTxvevasa da yvela pirobeb-
Si, maSinac ki, rodesac adamiani ukiduresi sasowar-
kveTilebis mdgomareobaSi imyofeba:

kvlav ityvis: `gulo razomca gaqvs sikvdilisa

wadeba,
sjobs, sicocxlisa gaZleba, misTvis Tavisa dade-
ba (729).
Wirsa Sigan gamagreba asre unda, viT qviTkirsa
(876).
xams mamaci gagulovndes, Wirsa Sigan ar daRon-
des (787).

`vefxistyaosanis~, rogorc mxatvruli nawarmoe-

bis mTavar motivs siyvarulis grZnoba (rusTavelis
sityviT-mijnuroba) Seadgens. es araa SemTxveviTi, siy-
varuli adamianuris erT-erTi komponentia da gansakuT-
rebiT didi mniSvneloba eniWeba Sua saukuneebis piro-
bebSi. sadac, rogorc vnaxeT, yvelaze mwvave kolizia
idealsa da realobas Soris am grZnobis doqtrinulma
gagebam gamoiwvia.
Sua saukuneebis azrovnebam siyvaruli dacala re-
aluri, konkretuli, adamianuri Sinaarsisgan. `visrami-
anSi~, piriqiT, siyvaruli realur, konkretul Sinaar-
szea dayvanili. rusTavelis gagebiT mijnuroba gan-
sxvavebulia, rogorc erTi Sexedulebisgan, ise meoris-
gan da misi gageba zeciurisa da miwieris msoflmxed-
velobrivi sinTeziT aris gansazRvruli. erTsa da ima-

325
ve dros is adamianuri grZnobacaa da amaRlebulic;
iseve amaRlebuli, rogorc samyaro da adamiani:

mosTqvams: `hai sayvarelo, Cemo, CemTvis dakargu-

lo,
imedo da sicocxleo, gonebao, sulo, gulo~ (311).

siyvarulis sakiTxi rom rusTavelis gansjis sa-

ganicaa Cans prologis strofebidan, romlebic mijnu-
robis sxvadasxva saxeobas exeba. poetis ganazrebani
exeba mijnurobis iseT gagebasac, romlisganac poeti
imijneba da iseTsac, romelsac poeti `ambobs~, poetu-
rad asaxierebs. am strofebis analizi cxadyofs, rom
siyvaruli xorcielis da zeciuris Taviseburi sinTe-
zia mocemul konkretul SemTxvevaSi da mxolod am pi-
robiT xdeba adamianuri axali gagebis komponenti da
poeturi Sexebis sagani.
vTqva mijnuroba pirveli da tomi gvarTa zenaTa,
Znelad saTqmeli, saWiro gamosagebi enaTa;
igia saqme sazeo, momcemi aRmafrenaTa;
vinca ecdebis, Tmobamca hqonda mravalTa
wyenaTa (20).
mas erTsa mijnurobasa Wkvianni ver mixvdebian,
ena daSvrebis. Mmsmenlisa yurnica davaldebian,
vTqvne xelobani qvenani, romelni xorcTa xvde-
bian;
marT masve hbaZven, Tu odes ar siZven SoriT bnde-
bian (21).

davimowmoT kidev erTi strofi:

mijnuroba aris turfa, sacodnelad Zneli gvari;

mijnuroba sxva ramea, ar siZvisa dasadari:
igi sxvaa, siZva sxvaa, Sua uzis didi zRvari,
nurvin garevT erTmanerTsa, gesmis Cemi naubari! (24).

326
 citirebul strofebSi mijnurobis sami saxeobaa
ganxiluli: a) amaRlebuli siyvaruli, anu `pirveli
mijnuroba~, romelic ganekuTvneba idealur samyaros
da aris `aRmafrenaTa~ momcemi grZnoba; b) dabali,
xorciel siamovnebaze dayvanili grZnoba, romelic ar-
sebiTad igive siZvaa da g) mijnurobis iseTi gageba,
romelic poemaSi aris poeturad gansxvavebuli: `vTqven
xelobani qvenani~, rodesac, raRac sxvagvar grZnobas
hbaZaven da, amave dros, `ar siZven, SoriT bndebian~.
siZvas poeti iseTi kategoriulobiT emijneba, rom
`vefxistyaosanSi~ poeturad gansaxierebuli grZnobis
xorciel grZnobaze dayvanis yovelgvar cdebs gamo-
ricxavs. (Tumca aseT cdebs adgili aqvs rusTvelolo-
giaSi). rac Seexeba `sazeo~ siyvaruls, misi gansaxiere-
bisgan poeti imis gamo ikavebs Tavs, rom is mosawyenia
(20), Wkviani mkiTxvelisTvisac ki Znelad misawvdomi.
misi Seqeba amao Sroma iqneboda (rogorc gairkveva,
rusTavelis gamijvna `sazeo~ mijnurobisgan ufro
mniSvnelovani mosazrebiT aris gamowveuli).
6. saZiebel sakiTxze mecnierebaSi sxvadasxva Sexe-
duleba arsebobs. Tu vaxtang VI-is komentarebisa da
mamuka baraTaSvilis `WaSnikis~ mixedviT, rusTaveli
Tavis poemaSi RvTaebriv grZnobas umReris, k. kekeliZe
fiqrobda, rom, piriqiT, poemis sagans `qvena xeloba~,
anu xorcieli grZnoba Seadgens.
orive Sexeduleba calmxrivia da, SeiZleba iT-
qvas, orive `epoqis suliT~, Tumca msoflmxedvelobri-
vad arsebiTad gansxvavebuli suliT, nakarnaxevi. mar-
Tla ase esmoda vaxtang VI-s `vefxistyaosanis~ Sinaar-
si, Tu misi ganmarteba gamowveulia, rogorc fiqroben,
rusTavelis `dacinvis~ mizniT saeklesio wreebisgan?
magram es ar cvlis viTarebas; orive cda modernizaci-
is tendenciiT aris gansazRvruli.
pasuxi kiTxvaze _ rogori mijnuroba Seadgens
rusTavelisTvis poeturi Seqebis sagans, gacemuli 21-e

327
strofis or uknasknel striqonSi, romelic Seicavs
erT mTlian azrs da mxolod mTlianobaSi ganxiluli
iZleva pasuxs sakamaTo kiTxvaze: rusTaveli asaxie-
rebs `xelobas~ (siyvaruliT aRgznebul siSmages), ro-
melic xorcTanaa dakavSirebuli (`xorcsa xvdeba~),
magram, amave dros, WeSmaritad (`marTl~, marTlac
rom) `masve baZavs~; am pirobis qveS, _ ganagrZobs poe-
ti, _ siyvaruli aRaraa siZva (`ar siZven~) da Seesabame-
ba iseT grZnobas, romlis erT-erTi aucilebeli niSani
aris SoriT bneda (`SoriT bndebian~).
damowmebuli ori strofis (20,21) pirveli eqvsi
striqoni exeba `sazeo mijnurobas~ da aq warmodgeni-
li msjelobani uSualod uswrebs striqonebs, sadac
rusTaveli namdvili mijnurobis Taviseburebis garkve-
vaze gadadis. cxadia, rom `masve~-Si sazeo mijnuroba
igulisxmeba da baZva `qvena xelobidan~ sazeo mijnu-
robisken aris mimarTuli. amgvarad, poemaSi gansaxiere-
buli siyvaruli aris xorcieli grZnoba, magram iseTi,
romelic sazeos, idealuri siyvarulis baZvas warmo-
adgens, da es ori saxeoba siyvarulisa erT mTlianoba-
Si aris mocemuli. rogoria da ra safuZvelze ganxor-
cielebuli es gaerTianeba, amaze pasuxs `baZvis~ Sina-
arsis garkveva iZleva.
`baZva~ mocemul konteqstSi erTaderTi SemTxvevaa
am sityvis gamoyenebisa (ar gvxvdeba arc preverbian
formebSi, mag., wa-baZva, mi-baZva, mo-baZva da sxv.). es
faqti iZleva safuZvels vifiqroT, rom sityva baZva
rusTavelTan mwignobruli warmoSobisaa da Semotani-
lia epoqis sxva saazrovno sferodan.
`baZva~ cnobili terminia antikur filosofiaSi,
kerZod, platonTan, da gamoxatavs xiluli samyaros
nivTebis ideebTan mimarTebis garkveul aspeqts. grZno-
badi nivTebi baZaven ideebs, rogorc Tavis paradigmebs
da amiT avlenen maTTan msgavsebas. `baZvis~ cneba gada-
vida neoplatonizmSi da aq axleburi dasabuTeba mii-

328
Ro. yoveli movlena, nivTi eziareba ideas, anu monawi-
leobs ideaSi da monawileobaa safuZveli, rom movle-
na baZavs ideas.
neoplatonizmi, rogorc vnaxeT, ufro rTuli sis-
temaa da aq gonis sferos (ideaTa samyaros, namdvil
myofs) erT-erTi Sualedi adgili uWiravs pirvel saw-
yissa da samyaros Soris, amitom ziarebas da baZvas
ufro rTuli Sinaarsi aqvs. arsis yoveli safexuri mo-
nawileobs Sesabamis maRal safexurSi da baZavs mas.
ukanaskneli _ ufro maRal safexurs da ase uzenaes
pirvel sawyisamde.
baZva da misi safuZveli _ monawileoba, antikur
filosofiaSic, neoplatonizmSic, qarTul neoplato-
nizmSic da, kerZod, petriwTan yovelTvis qvevidan ze-
viT mimarTuli aqtia. `vefxistyaosanSi~ `qvenaxeloba~
baZavs amaRlebul, `sazeo~ siyvaruls.
prokles `Teologiis pirvelsafuZvlebis~ petri-
wiseul TargmanSi vkiTxulobT: sisrule aris nawili
sikeTisa da ramdenadac is srulia, amdenad `hbaZavs~
Cveulebrivad sikeTes18;577yoveli `warmomaarsebeli mi-
zezi~ hbaZavs erTs (erTians) da warmoqmnis Sedegs (iq-
ve, gv. 13, T. 26-e); yoveli yovloba (mTeli `mTeloba~)
hbaZavs umaRles yovlobas da amitom inarCunebs yov-
lobas (iqve, gv. 82, 135-e T.). maradiuloba, _ wers pet-
riwi, _ orgvaria: erTi gamoricxavs qmnadobasa da moZ-
raobas, meore arsebobs droSi, romelic moicavs qmna-
dobasa da moZraobas. maradiulobis es meore saxeoba
hbaZavs (`ebaZvebodis~) maradiulobis maradiul bune-
bas19.578
sayuradreboa, rom petriwi sityviT `baZva~-s Tar-
gmnis ara mxolod sityvas μηέομαι, rac pirdapir See-
satyviseba baZvas, aramed έοcχώς da xSirad, rogorc
μοcος. orive es sityva niSnavs (msgavss), rac SinaarsiT
baZvasTan axloa da gasagebia petriwis mier maTi am
qarTuli terminiT Targmna.

329
 xSirad gvxvdeba `baZva~ petriwis originalur fi-
losofiur TxzulebaSi _ `ganmartebaÁ...~ (50-e, 57-e, 142-
e, 148-e da sxv. Tavebi) da yvela SemTxvevaSi baZva mi-
marTulia dabali rangis arsidan maRali arsisken. mag.,
prokles sityvebs _ `rameTu usulonica,... miiReben da
eziarebian gonebasa da moqmedebasa misTa~, _ petriwi
urTavs komentars: `usuloT Soris guari ubaZvebs go-
nierTa guarTa~20.579
petriwis Txzulebis 50-e Tavi exeba maradiulobi-
sa da `Jamierobis~ (drois) sakiTxs. maradiulobas ara
aqvs `gardasruli, da awi da momavali, aramed viTar
erTbaSad [ars aq] yoveli~. maradiulobis Tavisebure-
baa `igiveobaÁ”, ,,TÂTobaÁ”, ,,igavobaÁ~. maradiulobis
mocemuli gamnarteba cnobilia, magram mocemul kon-
teqstSi sainteresoa gansxvaveba, romelsac petriwi xe-
davs, erTi mxriv, maradiulobasa da droSi arsebobas
Soris da, meore mxriv, droSi arsebul movlenaTa mi-
marTebaSi maradiul samyarosadmi. `xolo Sen nu
gikÂrs, _ mimarTavs petriwi mkiTxvels, _ ese, romel
mun [maradiulobis sferoSi] _ miudrekelad [ars] yove-
li aRZrva SemoqmedebiTi, xolo aqa [droSi arsebobis
sferoSi] _ niadag midrekasa Soris~21.580droSi arsebul
movlenaTaTvis, maradiulobisgan gansxvavebiT, damaxa-
siaTebelia `baZva~, `msgavseba~ da ,,xatqmna~.
7. humanizmis Sinaarsi gulisxmobs adamianis aqti-
urobas, moqmedebas da brZolas sikeTis gamarjvebis-
Tvis borotebaze. sikeTis borotebaze gamarjvebis fi-
losofiur safuZvelze qvemoT iqneba laparaki. amje-
rad SevexoT adamianis moqmedebis, misi miznebisa da
ganmsazRvreli faqtorebis sakTxs.
rusTavelis ideali moqmedi adamiania, energiuli
da Seudrekeli gansacdelis winaSe:

ara viqm, codna ras margebs filosofosTa brZno-

bisa (792).

330
 magram adamianis aqtiuroba, mizanswrafva da moq-
medeba ar gamoricxavs gangebis Carevas movlenaTa
msvlelobaSi da, kerZod, adamianis cxovrebaSi. ase
rom yofiliyo, zedmeti iqneboda araerTi miTiTeba
gangebaze da gmirebis araerTi RaRadisi RmerTis mi-
marT:

`vTqvi Tu: `RmerTo, nu gamwirav, aja Cemi Seismi-

ne~. (357).
RmerTo, geajebi... (812).
RmerTo. RmerTo, mowyaleo... (813).
Tqva: `RmerTo, gmadlobT...~ (1250).

adamianis moqmedebisa da RvTaebrivi gangebulebis

sakiTxi iseve Sua saukuenebis pirobebSi gadawyvetili,
rogorc dauZlevelia miwisa da zecis dualizmi. Cven
vnaxeT, rogor idga es sakiTxi ioane damaskelTan da
ra siZneleebis winaSe aRmoCnda Sua saukneebis azrov-
neba problemis mogvarebis cdebis dros. Tu adamianis
moqmedeba, werda Sua saukuneebis cnobili moazrovne
pelagiusi (gardaicvala 418 wlis Semdeg), gansazRvru-
lia RvTaebrivi gonebiT, maSin codva, aseTi pirobis
qveS, adamianisgan aRaraa damokidebuli da ar unda
agebdes pasuxs Cadenili codvis gamo. adamiani pasuxis-
mgebelia mxolod Tavisufal moqmedebaze22.581
es problema mravali moazrovnis winaSe idga da
idga rusTavelisTvis ufro axlo saazrovno sinamdvi-
leSic.
erTaderTi sikeTe, romelic pelagiusis azriT,
adamians Tandayolili aqvs, es Tavisufleba da arCeva-
nis unaria. RvTaebrivi simarTle ar dasjida erTs da
ar daajildovebda meores, adamiani rom sikeTisa da
borotebis Cadenis dros Tavisufali ar yofiliyo23.582

331
 rogorc vxedavT, pelagiusis amosavali _ dilemis
erTi mxarea. is icavs adamianis nebisa da arCevanis Ta-
visuflebis princips, rac bolos da bolos, Sua sau-
kuneebis pirobebSi gangebulebis uaryofamde midis.
magram amocana RvTaebrivi yovlad Zlierebis da adami-
anis Tavisuflebis (rogorc pasuxisgebis aucilebeli
pirobis) morigebaSi Sedgeboda24.583
rogorc iqve iyo aRniSnuli, RmerTis warmodgena
moiTxovs absolutur da SeuzRudvel nebelobas, xo-
lo amgvari nebeloba iseT winaswar gansazRvrulobas,
romelic gamoricxavs adamianur Tavisuflebas. adamia-
nis Tavisuflebis daSvebis gareSe ki ar arsebobs
codva da ar arsebobs monaniebis aucilebloba.
rusTavelis mkvlevarTa Soris es sakiTxi sxva-
dasxvagvaradaa gadawyvetili. mkvlevarTa nawili mas
fatalistad miiCnevs, nawili `vefxistyaosnis~ gmirTa
aqtiurobasa da sikeTis ganxorcielebisken mimarTul
moqmedebebze amaxvilebs yuradRebas da sawinaaRmdego
daskvna gamoaqvs. Cveni azriT, azrTa es sxvadasxvaoba
imiTaa gansazRvruli, rom sakiTxis kvlevis dros ar
aris gaTvaliswinebuli Tavisebureba, romliTac rus-
Tavelis msoflmxedveloba Sua saukuneebis azrovne-
bisgan gansxvavdeba. Cven vfiqrobT, rom rusTavelTan
RvTaebrivi gangebulebisa da adamianis arCevanis sakiT-
xi SesaniSnavad aris gadaWrili, da aqac Sua saukunee-
bis msoflmxedvelobrivi dualizmis neoplatonizmis
safuZvelze daZlevis gziT.
rusTvelis poemaSi adamianuri moqmedebis ZiriTa-
di xazi sikeTisken aris mimarTuli am sityvis humanis-
turi gagebiT. magram, rogorc vnaxeT, neoplatonizmis
mixedviT, sikeTisaken swrafva mTeli arsisTvis aris
damaxasiaTebeli. es azri sruli garkveulobiT gas-
devs mTel qarTul neoplatonizms, areopagitul moZ-
Rvrebas da petriwis filosofiur naazrevsac. petri-
wis sityviT, pirveli sawyisis (igive sikeTis, igive

332
RmerTis) mimarT mTeli arsia `atrfialebuli~. amitom
`vefxistyaosanSi~ gmirebis subieqturi miswrafeba da
maTi moqmedeba savsebiT emTxveva arsis obieqtur kanon-
zomierebas:
wamosulxar Cemad Zebnad, patronisa samsaxurad;
RmerTman qna da gipovnivar, Senca cdilxar mama-
curad (302).

metis Tqmac SeiZleba: erianobaSia RvTaebrivi gan-

gebuleba, adamianis moqmedeba da gamarjveba, rogorc
adamianuri moqmedebis saboloo mizani:
bedi, cda da gamarjveba, RmerTsa undes, mocaxvde-
bis (904)25.584

aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom adamianis moqmedeba,

rodesac is sikeTis ganxorcielebisken aris mimarTu-
li, ganxorcielebadia Tavisi arsebiT da misTvis
brZola realuria da miRwevadi.

$2. rusTavelis filosofiuri Sexedulebani

1. rusTavelis filosofiuri Sexedulebebis sa-

kiTxi saukuneze metia dgas mecnierebis winaSe, magram
XX s-is 40-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi man gansakuTre-
bulad mwvave xasiaTi miiRo. am simwvavis mraval mizez-
Ta Soris erT-erTi is aris, rom Tumca rusTvelolo-
giaSi neoplatonizmis Teoria ara mxolod yvelaze
swori, aramed erTaderTi dasabuTebuli Teriaa, erT
dros mecnierebaSi neoplatonizmma imdenad calmxrivi
da yalbi gaSuqeba miiRo, rom misi SeTavseba saerTod
humanizmTan da, kerZod, rusTavelis msoflmxedvelo-
basTan, arsebiTad SeuZlebeli gaxda.
neoplatonizmi, am Sefasebis mixedviT, warmoad-
gens moZRvrebas, romelSic `yvelaze TvalsaCino

333
(выпуклое)  gamoxatuleba~ hpova `monaTmflobeluri sa-
zogadoebis dasasrulis dekadenturi (упадочное) filo-
sofiis damaxasiaTebelma Taviseburebebma~. neoplato-
nizmi _ antikuri filosofiis `daSlis (Tu gaxrwnis?!)
(разложение)  vulgarizaciis saboloo produqtia~ da
`erT-erTi umniSnelovanesi wyaro Sua saukuneebis Teo-
logiisa~. `ekleqtika, mistika, sofistika yvelaze uf-
ro koncentrirebulad warmodgenilia swored neopla-
tonizmSi~26.585
amave dros, neoplatonizmis Teorias rusTvelo-
logiaSi didi xnis istoria aqvs da platon ioselia-
nidan iRebs saTaves. man pirvelma daayena es sakiTxi
da Seexo rusTavels da mis mniSvnelobas msoflio
literaturis TvalsazrisiT. manve aRniSna analogebi
baironTan, miltonTan, tasosTan. gansakuTrebiT sayu-
radReboa es analogebi dantesa da petrarkasTan27.586.
n. maris ori gamokvlevis Semdeg28587mecnierebaSi
aRiarebuli iyo azri XI-XII ss-is saqarTveloSi neop-
latonizmis didi mniSvnelobisa da, kerZod, rusTavel-
ze misi didi gavlenis Sesaxeb. rogorc iv. javaxiSvi-
li werda (1914 w.), n. marma `daamtkica [rom] petriwi ne-
oplatonuri filosofiis aRmsarebeli yofila~29.588k.
kekeliZes eWvi ar epareboda n. maris SexedulebaSi. ne-
oplatonizmma `bevri mimdevari hpova qristianTa Sori-
sac~, es moZRvreba `saqarTveloSiac gadmoinerga XI-XII
saukuneebSi~, `mogvaca iseTi bumberazi neoplatoniki,
rogoricaa petriwi~, moaxdina didi gavlena rusTavel-
ze da SesaniSnavi kvali datova `mis TxzulebaSi-
ac~30.589rogorc prof. n. marma daamtkica, `avtori vef-
xistyaosnisa aris neoplatoniki~31.590platonis moxseni-
eba `vefxistyao-sanSi~ kidev erTi dadasturebaa, k. ke-
keliZis azriT, imisa, rom `vefxistyaosnis~ avtori `ne-
oplatonur mimarTulebas ekuTvnis~32.591
`qarTuli neoplatonizmis~ cneba am dros arsebi-
Tad mxolod petriwiT iyo Semofargluli da sakiTxi

334
fsevdo-dionises, rogorc rusTavelis SexedulebaTa
wyaros, Sesaxeb mecnierebaSi ar mdgara. am moZRvrebas,
rogorc `neoplatonur filosofias~, pirvelad sergi
gorgaZem miaqcia yuradReba33,592xolo, rogorc `vefxis-
tya-osnis~ ideur wyaros _ z. avaliSvilma. poemis ad-
gilebTan dakavSirebiT, sadac RmerTi daxasiaTebulia,
rogorc yofili, myofi, uTqmeli, kacTa eniT gamouT-
qmeli, savseba yovelTa, avtori werda: am sityvebSi
`vgoneb, gadmocemulia Cveulebrivi ZaliT da plasti-
kiT _ iseT saRvTismetyvelo nawerTa azrebi, rogori-
caa e. w. dionise areopagelis wigni `saRmrToTa saxel-
TaTvis~. am traqtatis azri, rom `RmerTia yvelaferi:
ca, miwa, mze, varskvlavebi, qva da sxva, ideurad Tun-
dac avTandilis mnaTobTa mimarT locvasac amarTleb-
da~34.593
mas Semdeg, rac 30-iani wlebis meore naxevridan
rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobisa da filosofiuri Se-
xedulebebis Seswavla S. nucubiZis kvlevis ZiriTadi
sagani gaxda, neoplatonizmis Teoria rusTvelologia-
Si gaRrmavda da Seudareblad vrceli dasabuTeba moi-
pova. ramdenime wlis Semdeg, ufro adre, vidre fsev-
do-dionisesa da petre iberis identifikaciis Teoria
warmoiqmneboda, S. nucubiZem yuradReba miaqcia areopa-
gitul moZRvrebas, rogorc rusTavelis filosofiuri
Sexedulebebis wyaros. rusTavelis wyaros Zieba am mi-
marTulebiT rCeboda neoplatonizmis Teoriis far-
glebSi, radgan TviT areopagitikis filosofiur wya-
ros igive neoplatonizmi warmoadgens.
neoplatonizmTan erTad areopagituli moZRvrebis
kvlevam vrceli perspeqtiva gaSala mkvlevris winaSe.
cnobili faqtia, rom neoplatonizmi Sua saukuneebis
da nawilobriv renesansis azrovnebaze (nikoloz kuza-
nelis CaTvliT) areopagituli moZRvrebis meSveobiT
axdenda zegavlenas. am filosofiur mimdinareobaTa
Zieba, maTi mniSvnelobis garkveva, kerZod, renesansis

335
epoqaSi, da analogebis dadgena rusTavelis epoqis
qarTul kulturul da filosofiur viTarebasTan,
warmoadgens S. nucubiZis did da udavo damsaxurebas.
neoplatonizmis ideebi axali Sefasebis mixedviT
ar daRupula antikuri sazogadoebis damsxvrevasTan
erTad. aqve antikuri epoqis bolos myardeba neopla-
tonizmis `rTuli urTierT zemoqmedeba~ jer qristia-
nul, Semdeg muslimur da iudeur monoTeizmTan, rome-
lic gansxvavdeba neoplatonizmisgan da es gansxvaveba
gansakuTrebiT mkveTr xasiaTs Rebulobs msoflmxedve-
lobrivi sakiTxebis gadawyvetis SemTxvevebSi35.594
1. monoTeizmi moiTxovda pirovnuli absolutis
dasabuTebas. neoplatonizms, piriqiT, absoluti esmo-
da, rogorc savsebiT upirovno `erTiani~ (`erTi~).
2. monoTeizmi cdilobda daesabuTebina `winaaR-
mdegoba RmerTsa da samyaros Soris~. neoplatonizmi
anviTarebda moZRvrebas `RvTaebis emanaciaze, e.i. gamom-
dinareobaze samyaroSi (истечение в мир),~ ris gamoc sam-
yaro warmodga, rogorc `igive RmerTi, oRond misi gan-
viTarebis garkveul safexurze”36.595
3. `monoTeizmis ZiriTad dogmas~ Seadgenda samya-
ros ararsisgan Seqmnis debuleba. neoplatonizms, pi-
riqiT, yovelTvis hqonda `midrekileba (тяготел) Teorii-
saken misi (materiis _ S. x.) maradiulobisa da, maSasa-
dame, samyaros maradiulobis Sesaxeb~, hqonda midreki-
leba `panTeizmisken, e.i. RmerTsa da samyaros Soris
substanciuri gansxvavebis gauqmebisken (к устранению)~.
amitom, `neoplatonizmi” gatacebas garkveul far-
glebs ufro iqiT, yovelTvis mihyavda Sua saukuneebis
monoTeisturi koncefciebi an arsebiT deformaciamde,
an katastrofamde. ai ratomaa, rom istoriulad neop-
latonizmi Sua saukuneebSi, xolo Semdeg aRorZinebis
periodSi mowinave Teoriad iqceoda, romlisTvisac ne-
bismieri monoTeisturi koncefcia _ biblia, yurani,

336
Talmudi _ yovelTvis rCeboda gulubryvilo, bavSvur
fantaziad~37.596
am naSromSi sakmaod detaluradaa naCvenebi neop-
latonizmis farTo da xangrZlivi gavlena, romelsac
es moZRvreba axdenda momdevno epoqebis aRmosavlur
da dasavlur filosofiaze. ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos,
rom es gavlenebi (kerZod, kuzanelTan, pleTonTan, fi-
CinosTan da sxv.) adreve iyo aRniSnuli S. nucubiZis
mier38.597
sxvagvaradaa Sefasebuli qarTvel mecnierTa
wvlilic qarTuli renesansis filosofiuri wyaroebis
kvlevis saqmeSi. citirebuli filosofiuri enciklope-
diis satatiis avtori al. losevi Tavis ukanasknel
naSromSi kritikul SeniSvnebTan erTad (S. nucubiZis,
i. fancxavas, S. xidaSelis misamarTiT) gamoTqvams mo-
sazrebas, rom maTi gamokvlevebis Semdeg `damtkicebu-
lad unda CaiTvalos, rom qarTul renesanss neopla-
tonizmi da gansakuTrebiT prokles filosofosia
udevs safuZvlad, es unda CaiTvalos didad mniSvne-
lovan aRmoCenad imis gamo, rom gvaZlevs SesaZleblo-
bas ufro Rrmad mivudgeT italiur renesanssac~39.598
2. 50-iani wlebis dasasrulidan da 60-ianis dawyi-
sis Semdeg arsebiTad Seicvala mecnierebaSi neopla-
tonizmis Sefaseba, gansakuTrebiT misi mniSvnelobis
TvalsazrisiT filosofiuri azrovnebis Semdgom gan-
viTarebaSi.
Tu adre, yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi, SieZleba iT-
qvas, ori mecnieri _ ruseTSi al. losevi da CvenSi S.
nucubiZe _ aTeuli wlebis manZilze icavda neoplato-
nizmisa da misi mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb arsebiTad gan-
sxvavebul da swor Sexedulebas40,599am droidan neop-
latonizmi aRiarebulia saTaved `panTeisturi koncef-
ciebis~ didi umravlesobisa, romlebmac didi progre-
suli mniSvneloba moipoves Sua saukuneebis da axali
drois azrovnebaSi.

337
 zemoT Cven SevecadeT dagvedgina dasavleTis re-
nesansuli humanizmis cnebis Sinaarsi da am Tvalsaz-
risiT gagvexila rusTavelis SexedulebaTa Tavisebu-
rebani. neoplatonizmis axali da swori Sefaseba mec-
nierebaSi savsebiT amarTlebs ideuri analogiebis Zie-
bas im rolis mixedviT, romelic neoplatonizmma Seas-
rula dasavleTis renesanssa da rusTavelis xanis qar-
Tul sinamdvileSi‡*.
renesansi aris `swored miwieri adamianis cda _
ganamtkicos Tavis swored miwieri arseboba~41,600magram
aseTi ganwyobileba emyareba msoflmxedvelobriv sa-
fuZvels, romlis mixedviTac, buneba renesansis epoqis
moazrovnisTvis `savsea RvTaebrivi ZalebiT~ da ro-
gorc aseTi iqceva `TviTkmar da savsebiT uangaro
Wvretis sagnad~42.601
miwieris gaRvTaebriobis filosofiur safuZvels
neoplatonizmi warmoadgenda da am mniSvnelobiT gax-
da es moZRvreba `gansakuTrebiT axlobeli da maqsima-
lurad intimuri ideali, romelSic esoden advili iyo
humanizmis niSnebi~ da gamoyenebuliyo `miwieri, magram
amave dros maqsimalurad gaazrebuli adamianuri moq-
medebisTvis. materialuri adamianis sulieri (духовный)
gagebis sxvagvari dafuZneba renesansma jer kidev ar
icoda”43.602amitom neoplatonizmi `yvela SemTxvevaSi
rCeba ZiriTad mimarTulebad~ renesansis epoqis azrov-
nebaSi, `ZiriTad tendenciad renesansisa Tavidan bo-
lomde~.
3. Cvens mecnnierebaSi ramdenjerme gamoiTqva mo-
sazrebani, romlebic umTavresad rusTvelologiaSi
arsebuli neoplatonizmisa da panTeizmis Teoriis wi-
                                                            
‡ *es ki amarTlebs im xangrZlivsa da nayofier muSaobas, rome-
lic am mimarTulebiT S. nucubiZem Caatara. ,,aRmosavluri rene-
sansis neoplatonuri safuZveli savsebiT eWvs gareSea da am
ideis aRmoCenaSi ZiriTadi roli udavod S. nucubiZem Seasru-
la” (Л. Ф. Лосев. Эстетика Возраждения. М., 1978, gv. 28).

338
naaRmdeg aris mimarTuli. erT SemTxvevaSi rusTavelis
filosofiur Sexedulebebs upirispirdeba `rusTave-
lis kosmogoniuri warmodgenebi~44,603meoreSi poetis
`moZraobis filosofia~. mesameSi, `vefxistyaosanSi gan-
saxierebuli sicocxlisa da amqveyniuri bednierebi-
saTvis brZolis filosofia~45.604
rusTaveli rom Tavis SemoqmedebaSi originalu-
ria, es debuleba kamaTs ar iwvevs. ar SeiZleba rusTa-
velis filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis dapirispireba
`religiur koncefciasTan~, an `msoflmxedvelobriv
SinaarsTan~; anda rusTavelis dapirispireba poemis
`ideur-msoflmxedvelobrivi TvalsazrisiT... filoso-
fiur ZeglebTan~, radgan aseTi dapirispireba cnebaTa
aRrevas warmoadgens da logikis wesebis darRvevazea
damyarebuli. cnebaTa aRrevazea damyarebuli TviT ga-
moTqmac `moZraobisa da moqmedebis filosofia~, an `si-
cocxlisa da amqveyniuri bednierebisTvis brZolis fi-
losofia~.
`religiuri koncefcia~ _ religiuri msoflmxed-
velobaa da is filosofiuri koncefciis rols ver Se-
asrulebs rusTavelis saazrovno sistemaSi. religiuri
koncefciis garkveva, kidevac rom gaviziaroT mosazre-
bebi am koncefciis Taobaze, ar warmoadgens rusTave-
lis filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis TaviseburebaTa
garkvevas da ver mohfens naTels dasmul kiTxvas. rac
Seexeba `msoflmxedvelobriv Sinaarss~, am SemTxvevaSi
`vefxistyaosnisa~, igi Tumca moicavs filosofiur Se-
xedulebebsac, magram imdenad farTo cnebaa, rom mis
safuZvelze gakeTebuli dakvirvebani da daskvnebi im-
denad zogadia, rom sakmarisi ar aris filosofiuri
msoflmxedvelobis specifikis gansazRvrisTvis. praq-
tikulad msoflmxedvelobisa da filosofiis cnebaTa
dauzustebloba xels uwyobs `vefxistyaosnis~ filo-
sofiuri msoflmxedvelobis Secvlas poemaSi asaxuli

339
zogadi ideebiT da amis erT-erT Sedegs warmoadgens
`moZraobisa da moqmedebis filosofia~.
eWvgareSea, rom `vefxistyaosani~ mouwodebs mkiT-
xvels moZraobisa da moqmedebisken, sicocxlisa da am-
qveyniuri bednierebisTvis brZolisken. am mniSvnelobiT
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es ideebi aris gansaxierebuli
rusTavelis poemaSi. metic, es ideebi Seadgens poemis
ideuri Sinaarsis mniSvnelovan elementebs da SeiZleba
CaiTvalon rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobis mniSvnelo-
van niSnebad. magram is faqti, rom analogiuri ideebi
amoikiTxeba kacobriobis mraval kulturul ZeglSi,
imisgan damoukideblad filosofiuria es Zegli Tu
ara, niSnavs imas, rom isini specifikur filosofiur
ideebs ar warmoadgenen.
filosofia cnebaTa sistemaa, logikurad sistema-
tizebuli msoflmxedveloba, da Tu es ar iqna gaTva-
liswinebuli, waiSleba kvali, erTi mxriv, filosofia-
sa da, meore mxriv, religias, miTologiasa da mxatvru-
li saxeebiT gamoxatul msoflmxedvelobebs Soris.
filosofiis specifikis dasabuTeba warmoadgens. da
Tu kanonieria laparaki ideis gansaxierebaze xelovne-
baSi, es gamoTqma gamouyenebelia, Tu davicavT sizus-
tes, filosofiis mimarT. amitom, rodesac saqme exeba
poetis, mxatvruli sityvis warmomadgenlis filosofi-
ur msoflmxedvelobas Tu filosofiur Sexedulebebs,
kiTxva TavisTavad gulisxmobs maT filosofiur war-
momavlobas, filosofiur warmomavlobas Sexedulebe-
bisa, romlebic SeiZleba gamoxatos rogorc calkeuli
debulebis saxiT, agreTve, poeturi gansaxierebis saSu-
alebiTac.
sxva sakiTxia, ramdenad aqtiuria, ramdenad Semoq-
medebiTia poeturi sityvis ama Tu im warmomadgenlis
damokidebuleba filosofuri memkvidreobisadmi, ra
adgili uWiravs filosofiur msoflmxedvelobas mis
SemoqmedebaSi; ramdenad organulia filosofiis kavSi-

340
ri mis msoflmxedvelobasTan saerTod; ramdenad Rrma-
daa gagebuli da aTvisebuli filosofiuri msof-
lmxedveloba; aris Tu ara erTianobaSi, mTlianobaSi
Semoqmedis Teoriuli Sexedulebani da misi mxatvruli
sinamdvile, rogorc poeturad gansaxierebuli faqti.
rusTavelis interesi filosofiisadmi rom poetis
pirdapiri, uSualo mizniT ar aris gansazRvruli, es
cxadia. magram rusTaveli, romelsac poezia sibrZnis
dargad miaCnia, brwyinvaled aerTianebs mxatvrul gan-
zogadebas samyaros filosofiur moazrebasTan. misi
mwyobri filosofiuri Sexedulebani, romlebic poema-
Si aris dadasturebuli, maTi erTianoba safuZvels iZ-
leva daskvnisTvis, rom rusTaveli didi masStabis da
farTo horizontis Semoqmedia. is ar ifargleba mxo-
lod mxatvruli ganzogadebiT da Tamamad `iWreba~ si-
namdvilis filosofiuri ganzogadebis sferoSi.
es, ra Tqma unda, ar niSnavs, rom rusTavelis mi-
zans filosofiuri Teoriis poeturi gansaxiereba war-
moadgens da mis SemoqmedebiT procesSi filosofiuri
Teoria win uswrebs sinamdvilis mxatvrul asaxvasa da
sinamdvilisadmi poetis damokidebulebas. amitom ara
mxolod Secdoma, sakiTxis miutevebeli gavulgareba
iqneboda gvefiqra, rom filosofiuri warmomavlobis
SexedulebaTa Zieba `vefxistyaosanSi~ niSnavs rusTave-
lis miCnevas filosofiuri Teoriis `gamleqsavad~. is
utyuari faqti, rom rusTaveli, pirvel yofvlisa, poe-
tia, xolo misi damokidebuleba samyarosadmi esTeti-
kuria, rac arsebiTad cvlis saqmis viTarebas da ar-
kvevs filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis adgils rusTa-
velis SemoqmedebaSi.
4. vinc Sua saukuneebis saazrovno viaTerebas ic-
nobs, misTvis cxadia, rom am epoqis mTeli filosofi-
uri azrovneba antikuri filosofiiT ikvebeba. antikur
filosofiur moZRvrebaTa Soris gadamwyveti mniSvne-
loba hqondaT platons, aristotelesa da neoplato-

341
nizms. sxvadasxva periodSi da sxvadasxva pirobebSi
romelime maTgani sargeblobda upiratesi gavleniT.
vinc icnobs Sua saukuneebis qarTul filosofiur vi-
Tarebas da misi Seswavlis dRevandel dones, misTvis
isicaa cxadi, rom aq neoplatonizms gansakuTrebuli
mdgomareoba hqonda mopovebuli da rusTavelis epoqa-
Si ori mniSvnelovani moZRvrebis saxiT iyo warmodge-
nili: areopagitikisa (fsevdo-dionise-petre iberi _ ef-
rem mcire) da petriwis saxiT. orive prokles moZRvre-
bis safuZvelzea aRmocenebuli da antikuri filoso-
fiis am erT-erTi udidesi moazrovnis qristianul ga-
damuSavebas warmoadgens.
es utyuari faqti winaswar gansazrvravs mkvlev-
ris yuradRebis mimarTulebas, rodesac saqme rusTave-
lis filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis garkvevas exeba.
Tumca, ra Tqma unda, mxolod kvlevis mimarTuleba ar
aris sakmarisi piroba sakiTxis garkvevisTvis da moiT-
xovs, agreTve, ideuri analogebisa damsgavsebis dadge-
nasac.
amave dros, mozrovnis ideuri wyaroebis (am Sem-
TxvevaSi rusTavelis filosofiuri wyaroebis) dadgena
gulisxmobs ara mxolod SexedulebaTa abstraqtul
msgavsebas, aramed realur ideur kavSirebs, realur
ideur urTierTobebs im kulturul garemoSi, romel-
Sic, kerZod, rusTavelis poema Seiqmna da misi filo-
sofiuri msoflmxedevloba Camoyalibda.
am garemoebis ugulebelyofa, Cveni azriT, erT-er-
Ti mizezia imisa, rom rusTavelis ideebis momdinareo-
bis farglebi uCveulod gaizarda da xSirad mecniere-
baSi erTimeoris gamomricxavi da SeuTavsebeli moZ-
RvrebebiT aris warmodgenili. raki, magaliTad, oTxi
elementis Teoria jer kidev indur filosofiaSi iyo
cnobili, amitom nestan-darejanis werilSi asaxuli am
Teoriis codna indoeTidan momdinareobs. raki, vTqvaT,
katafatikuri da apofatikuri Teologia cnobili iyo

342
upaniSadebisTvis da sxvagan, ratom ar unda veZioT
rusTavelis wyaroebi am ZeglebSi? aq, rogorc Cans,
ugulebelyofilia sakiTxi imis Taobaze, Tu ramdenad
realuria rusTavelis wyaroebis Zieba Soreuli da
Sua saukuneebis qarTuli saazrovno viTarebisTvis uc-
xo sinamdvileSi, Tu analogiur Sexedulebebs Rrma
tradiciebi TviTon saqarTveloSi hqonda?!

$3. RmerTi, rogorc Seucnobadi da

gamouTqmeli. `mziani Rame~

RmerTis cneba Sua saukuneebis azrovnebis centra-

luri cnebaa; uzenaesis moazreba moicavs msoflmxedve-
lobis kardinalur sakiTxebs da misi Sinaarsis gar-
kveva naTels xdis adamianis samyarosadmi mimarTebis
Taviseburebebsac.
RmerTis cnebis sruli warmodgenis gasarkvevad
filosofiuri da religiuri wyaroebis gaTvaliswine-
baa saWiro. saxeldobr, romeli religiis? _ am kiTxva-
ze pasuxs is garemoeba iZleva, rom rusTaveli qristi-
anul samyaros ekuTvnis. Cveni kvlevis sagans qarTuli
filosofiis istoria Seadgens da, bunebrivia, rusTave-
lis poemaSi asaxuli RmerTis cnebis wyaroebis Zieba
qristianuli religiuri msoflmxedvelobis, qarTuli
filosofiuri memkvidreobis da rusTavelis religi-
ur-filosofiuri garemos mimarTulebiT unda
warimarTos.
sanam uzenaeis pozitiur gansazRvrebaTa sakiTxs
SevexebodeT, gavarkvioT `vefxistyaosanSi~ moqmedi Se-
mecnebis meTodis Taviseburebani, romelic e.w. katafa-
tikuri da apofatikuri codniT gamoixateba da neop-
latonizmis arsebiT mxares warmoadgens.

343
 SevexoT poemis adgilebs, sadac RmerTis apofati-
kuri da katafatikuri moazreba erTdroulad, erTsa
da imave konteqstSia gamoyenebuli.

ilocavs, ityvis: `maRalo RmerTo, xmelTa da ca-

Tao,
ucnauro da uTqmelo, ufleba uflebaTao~,.. (811).
asmaT Tqva: `RmerTo, romeli ar iTqmi kacTa eni-
Ta,
Sen xar savseba yovelTa.
agvavseb mzeebr feniTa~ (918),
Tqva: `RmerTo, gmadlob, romeli xar WirTa mo-
malxeneli;
yofili, myofi, uTqmeli, yurTagan mousmeneli~
(1250).

apofatikuri gasazRvrebebis safuZvels, rogorc

vnaxeT, uzenaesis ze-aRmatebuleba, misi absoluturi
sisrule da dauboloebloba Seadgens da is, rac
iTqva neoplatonizmze, areopagitul moZRvrebasa da
petriwze, rusTavelis citirebul striqonebSi gamoT-
qmuli Sexedulebebis sakiTxi naTeli unda iyo. areopa-
gitikis mixedviT RmerTi aris `zeSTa saxieri, zeSTa
RmerTaÁ da zeSTa arsebisaÁ~. gasagebia, rom is `zeSTa
qmnulia yovlisa mecnierebisaÁ~. mis mimarT ar gamoiye-
neba `arc sityva~ da `arc saxeli~.
`ucnauri~, rogorc vnaxeT, Seucnobads niSnavs da
am mniSvnelobiT ixmareba areopagituli korpusis ef-
rem mcireseul TargmanSic da petriwTanac areopagiti-
kaSi: `rameTu [RmerTi] yovlad amaRlebul ars da ume-
tesad ucnaur~; RmerTis buneba `ucnaur ars da zeSTa
aRmatebul yovlisa sityÂsa da gonebisa~; `da uzeSTae-
sisa mis yovliTurT ucnaurebaÁ mecniereba ars zeSTa
yovelTa mecnierebaTa da cnobilTasa~.

344
 petriwTan: `yovelTagan zesT mdebare igi ucnauri
erTi da keTilobaÁ~; `srul iqmna mier mis ucnaurisa
erTisa~; `...rameTu igi zesTa da ucnauri igi erTi~;
`...ucnaur da miuwvdomel~46605da mr. sxv.
damowmebuli adgilebidan Cans, rom Seucnobado-
ba uzenaess exeba da `zeaRmatebulebiT~ da `zeSTamde-
bareobiT~, rogorc RmerTis ZiriTadi TaviseburebiT,
aris gansazRvruli. gasagebia isic, rom uzenaesi, ro-
gorc `ucnauri~, gamouTqmelic (rusTavelis sityviT _
`uTqmeli~) unda iyos. areopagitikaSi aRniSnulia:
`...romlisa mier uTqumelTa da ucnaurTa...~; `...mougone-
bel ars zeSTagonebisa igi erTi; da gamouTqmel ars
yovlisa sityÂsagan zeSTasityÂsa igi saxiereba~; pet-
riwTan: `...gamouTqmelsa erTsa (pirvel sawyiss)~. vari-
antuli gamoTqma _ `...mas gamousityusa mzesa erTTasa~.
gamouTqmeli, bunebrivia, mousmenelicaa da rusTa-
velis `yurTagan mousmeneli~ bunebrivad da Tanmimdev-
rulad JRers.
`vefxistyaosanSi~ asaxuli filosofiuri Sexedu-
lebebis gasarkvevad didi mniSvneloba aqvs im adgi-
lebs, sadac am SexedulebaTa filosofiur warmomav-
lobaze Tavad rusTaveli wers. amis magaliTs Cven vna-
xavT erT-arseba erTis, sikeTis monizmisa da `zesT
mwyobrTa wyobasTan~ SerTvis sakiTxebis ganxilvis
drosac da sxv.
837-838 strofebSi, sadac poemis avtori uzenaesis
mraval mxriv da Zalian sayuradRebo gansazRvrebaTa
sakiTxebs exeba, mas SesaniSnavi mosazrebani aqvs moce-
muli:

ityvis: `he, mzeo, vin xatad gTqves mzianisa Rami-

sad,
erT-arsebisa, erTisa, mis uJamosa Jamisad,
vis gmorCileben cierni, erTis iotis wamisad,
bedsa nu miqcev miaje Seyramdis Cemad da misad!

345
 viss xatad RmrTisad gityvian filosofosni wina-
ni~.

citirebul striqonebSi gamoTqmuli Sexeduleba

mzis, rogorc RmerTis xatis Sesaxeb, imdenad tipuria
neoplatonizmisa da arapagituli moZRvrebisTvis, rom
misi neoplatonuri warmomavloba SeuZlebelia eWvis
qveS iqnes dayenebili.
rac Seexeba `mzian Rames~ da `uJamo Jams~, maTi
didi, SeiZleba iTqvas, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba rusTa-
velis filosofiuri Sexedulebebis dadgenisTvis imi-
Taa gansazRvruli, rom am gamoTqmebis axsna, Tu gamo-
valT realuri istoriuli viTarebidan da realuri
ideuri kavSirebidan, SesaZlebeli xdeba mxolod neop-
latonizmisa da araopagitikis safuZvelze. es maTi
specifikuri Taviseburebidan gamomdinareobs da yo-
velgvari Ziebani sxva mimarTulebiT, gansakuTrebiT
`mziani Ramis~ axsnis mizniT, gaumarTlebelia da ara-
realuri.
`vefxistyaosnis~ moyvanili adgilis azrTa wyobi-
sa da mimdinareobis mixedviT, jer mocemulia niSnebi
imisa, ris xatadac aRiarebulia mze, xolo Semdeg pir-
dapiraa dasaxelebuli is, ris xatsac mze warmoadgens.
rogorc `erT arseba erTi~, iseve `mziani Rame~ da `uJa-
mo Jami~ RmerTis garkveuli warmodgenis gamoxatule-
baa. maT Soris gansxvaveba gamoxatvis xerxiT aris gan-
sazRvruli. `erT arseba erTi~ da `uJamo Jami~ abstraq-
tuli warmodgenebia. `mziani Rame~ TvalnaTliv war-
modgenaa, erT-erTi SesaniSnavi saxe `vefxistyaosnis~
mdidar poetur saganZurSi. magram am poetur saxes
garkveuli azri aqvs da am azrs analogiuri TvalnaT-
liv warmodgenebi imave filosofiur moZRvrebaSi moe-
poveba, saidanac misi azri momdinareobs.
`vefxistyaosanis~ moyvanili strofebis winaswar
analizi cxadyofs, rom RmerTis mocemuli moazreba

346
(`mziani rame~, `erT arseba erTi~, `uJamo Jami~) da misi
TvalnaTlivi saxiT gamoxatva (mze, rogorc `xati
RmerTisa~) _ winamorbedi filosofiuri azrovnebis
kuTvnilebas Seadgens: `mzeo... xatad gTqves mzianisa
Ramisad~, `...xatad RmrTisad gityvian filosofosni wi-
nani~. es garemoeba mkvlevris yuradRebas Tavidanve fi-
losofiuri azrovnebisken warmarTavs maTi mniSvnelo-
bisa da azris Ziebis dros da, bunebrivia pirvel rig-
Si dadges sakiTxi im filosofiuri garemosi, romel-
sac XI-XII ss-is saqarTveloSi hqonda adgili da rom-
lis safuZvelze rusTavelis filosofiuri Sexedule-
bani yalibdeboda.
Tavidanve unda gairkves warmodgenebis _ `mziani
Rame~ da `uJamo Jami~ _ mniSvnelovani Tavisebureba,
romelic an SeumCneveli darCa mkvlevarTa umravleso-
bisTvis, and arasworad iqna gagebuli.
`mziani Rame~ da `uJamo Jami~ warmoadgens co‐
incidentia  oppositorum‐s, sadac Sgnebulad aris gaerTia-
nebuli dapirispirebuli niSnebi. `mze~ (naTeli) upi-
rispirdeba `Rames~ (sibneles, wyvdiads, efrem mcires
terminiT `nisls~), `uJamo~ (zedrouli, efrem mcires
terminiT `uJamo~) _ `Jams~ (dros). ramdenadac rusTave-
lis orive gamoTqma RmerTis garkveul moazrebas war-
moadgens, TiToeuli maTgani gamoxatavs am dapirispi-
rebuli niSnebis garkveul mimarTebas RmerTSi.
RmerTis amgvari moazreba Taviseburi da sakmaod
rTuli filosofiuri refleqsiis Sedegs warmoadgens
da Tavis gamarTlebasa da dasabuTebas filosofiuri
moZRvrebis safuZvelze poulobs. magram poemis gansa-
xilveli adgilebis garkvevisTvis sakmarisi ar aris
mxolod maTi filosofiuri wyaros dadgena teqstob-
rivi paralelebis CvenebiT. unda dasabuTdes, rom es
gamoTqmebi `kanonieri~ azris gamoxatulebas warmoad-
gens da rusTvelologiaSi gamoTqmuli gavrcelebuli

347
Sexedulebebis winaaRmdeg, kerZod, `mziani Rame~ ar
aris `cru sibrZne~.
cnobilia, rom mkvlevarTa umravlesobis Ziebani
`mziani Ramis~ gagebis sakiTxSi Tavidanve araswori
amosavali SexedulebiT aris gansazRvruli da das-
kvnebis safuZvlianoba ukve am mxriv SeiZleba eWvis
qveS iyos dayenebuli.
`mziani Ramis~ Sesaxeb swori Sexedulebani hqonda
Teimuraz bagrations, rusTavelis cnobil komenta-
tors. `mziani Ramis~ ganmartebis dros is amodioda
filosofiuri moZRvrebidan, romlis mixedviTac,
RmerTs, rogorc adamianze zeaRmatebulsa da miuwvdo-
mels, `goneba kacisa... ver miswvTeba bunebiTa da arse-
biTa~. magram adamians mainc aqvs garkveuli `cnoba
RmerTisa~, romelic garkveuli mniSvnelobiT da mimar-
TebiT `gamoCinebuli~ `xdeba gonebasa Sina kacisasa~.
erTi mxriv, RmerTi Seucnobadia, meore mxriv, mis Sesa-
xeb garkveuli codna Sendeba. adamianuri gonebis or-
gvari mimarTeba RvTaebisadmi ori TavlnaTlivi war-
modgeniT, ori saxiT aris gamoxatuli. `Rame~ `umecre-
bas niSnavs~, xolo `mze naTelsa cnobisasa RmerTisa-
sa~. Rame gamoxatavs, Teimurazis sityviT, RmerTis `mi-
uwvTomelobas~, xolo `mziani Rame is aris, raoden Se-
saZlebeli aris kacisa gonebisagan vicnobdeT da aRvi-
arebdeT RmerTsa~47.606
Teimurazis komentarebSi ar aris garkveuli, Tu
rogor da ra mimarTebiT miiRweva `naTeli igi RmerTi-
sa cnobisa~, rogor safuZvelze xdeba misi `gamoCineba~
da ra mniSvnelobiT warmodgeba es `naTeli gonebasa
Sina kacisasa~. magram komentatori kargad aris garkve-
uli filosofiur moZRvrebaSi, romelsac igi rusTave-
lis am Taviseburi warmodgenis axsnis dros emyareba
da gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs, rom Tei-
murzs sakiTxis garkveva gnoseologiis sferoSi gada-
aqvs. `mze~ da `Rame~, `naTeli~ da `bneli~ adamianis

348
RmerTisadmi SemecnebiTi mimarTebis gamomxatveli xa-
tovani warmodgenebia. kavSiri, romelic am moZRvrebasa
da rusTavelis `mziani Ramis~ qveS dafarul Sexedu-
lebas Soris arsebobs, TeimurazisTvis garkveulia,
Tumca is mokle da zogadi komentariT ifargleba da
arc am filosofiur moZRvrebas asaxelebs.
rusTvelologia, samwuxarod, ascda Teimurazis
mier mikvleul gzas saukuneze ufro meti xnis ganmav-
lobaSi.
rusTvelologTa didi umravlesoba, Teimurazis
Semdeg, `mziani RameSi~ raRac gaugebrobas xedavs. es
aris `cru sibrZne”, romlis idea `TviT TavisiT ara _
ras warmoadgens~. aseTive gaugebrobaa, al. sarajiSvi-
lis azriT, Teimuraz bagrationis komentaric. SeuZle-
belia rusTavels `avTandilisaTvis Seusabamos sqo-
lastika warmoeTqmevinebina~. rusTavels arsad ar ga-
mouCenia poemaSi `iseTi sqolastikuri RvTismetyvele-
ba~, rogoric am strofSi48.607
`mziani Rame~ sruli uazrobaa49608(mix. wereTeli,
v. nozaZe), esaa `advilad SesamCnevi ucnauroba~50.609lo-
gikuri TvalsazrisiT es gamoTqma `iseTive nonsensia
rogoric wris kvadratura~51610(g. nadiraZe). `mziani Ra-
me~ aris `absolutur uazroba, contradiction  in 
adjectio~52611(k. kekeliZe).
arsebobs gansxvavebac dasaxelebul mkvlevarTa
mosazrebebs Soris. erTi mkvlevris azriT, orive gan-
saxilveli strofi (837, 838) `yalbis mqmnelis~ naxe-
lavs warmoadgens da TviT rusTavels ar ekuTvnis; es
stofebi amoRebul unda iqnes poemidan. zogi `mziani
Ramis~ gagebis sakiTxs poeturi metyvelebis sferoSi
Semofarglavs. rogorc poetuer metaforas, `mzian Ra-
mes~, maTi azriT, aqvs garkveuli safuZveli, magram ara
logikuri (azrobrivi). mix. wereTelsa da k. kekeliZes
gamoTqma `mziani Rame~ gadamwerlebis mier daSvebul
Secdomad miaCniaT. amdend, teqstis gageba SeiZleba

349
mxolod im Sesworebis Semdeg, romelsac TiToeuli
maTgani gvTavazobs.
mix. wereTlisa da k. kekeliZis `Sesworeba~53612da-
axloebiT erTgvari xasiaTisaa da sabolood erTsa da
imave mizans emsaxureba. `mziani Rame~ Seswordeba ga-
moTqmiT _ `mziari sami~ (mix. wereTeli), Tu gamoTqmiT
`mziani sami~ (k. kekeliZe) _ ispoba sababi SeniSvnis-
Tvis, romelic adreve iyo gamoTqmuli erT-erTi inter-
polatoris mier (rom rusTaveli arsad axsenebs reli-
giurs ZiriTad dogmatebs, `samebas~) da amiT ara mxo-
lod ecleba safuZveli am garemoebaze damyarebiT ga-
keTebul daskvnebs rusTavelologiaSi, piriqiT iqmneba
pirobebi sawinaaRmdego daskvnebisTvis. `rusTaveli
Rrma morwmuned sCans da samebasac ixseniebs~. `erTar-
seba~, k. kekeliZis mixedviT, gulisxmobs `samebas~, mag-
ram rusTavelis poemaSi, misi sityviT, `pirdapir iyo
naxmari `sameba~54,613rac Semdeg gadamweris mier `Ramed~
iqna Secvlili.
`mziani Ramis~ sakiTxis specialuri da masTan yve-
laze ufro vrceli ganxilva ekuTvnas g. imedaS-
vils55.614am gamoTqmis mniSvnelobas igi `poeturi met-
yvelebis~ sferoTi farglavs. magram mas mainc unda
hqondes raRac safuZveli da am safuZvels interpreta-
tori xedavs bunebaSi arsebul polarul movlenaSi,
romelic mecnierebaSi `oTxTviani dRis~ saxelwodebiT
aris cnobili. rusTavels, `gamoricxuli araa, rom es
movlena scodnoda da SeeZlo es `bunebis mrvalferov-
nebaSi arsebuli mza masala~ gamoeyenebina `mziani Ra-
mis~ poeturi saxis SeqmnisTvis.
g. imedaSvilis narkvevSi ugulebelyofilia `mzia-
ni Ramis~ warmodgenaSi ori dapirispirebuli niSnis
gaerTianeba da es garemoeba garkveviT Cans mkvlevris
argumentaciaSi.
igive iTqmis g. nadiraZis Sesaxeb56,615im gansxvave-
biT, rom avtori sakiTxze msjelobis dros erT gar-

350
kveul poziociaze ver rCeba da sawinaaRmdego debule-
bebs gamoTqvams. erTi mxriv cxadia, rom `mziani Rame~
igivea, rac `erT-arseba erTi~, dausabamo da usasrulo
arseba, e. i. RvTaeba57.616meore mxriv, `mziani Rame~ `ar
warmoadgens RvTaebis arc arsebiTs, arc SemTxveviTs
niSans, igi arc atributia, arc aqcidencia~58.617logiku-
rad es gamoTqma `iseTive nonsensia, rogoric wris
kvadratura~.
avtoris saboloo daskvniT, `mziani Rame~ aris po-
eturi, saxeldobr, `oqsiumoronuli suraTi~, romli-
Tac rusTaveli warmogvidgens (`grandiozuli poeturi
suraTis saxiT~) bibliur kosmogoniaSi mocemul samya-
ros Seqmnis miTiur suraTs. ramdenadac `osiumonoru-
li simbolo~, rogorc stilisturi gamoTqma aerTia-
nebs logikurad urTierTgamomricxvel niSnebs, xolo
`mziani Rame~, g. nadiraZis sityviT, `bibliis pirvel
abzacebSi moTxrobil ambavs~ gamoxatavs. amdenad av-
tori cdilobs gamoZebnos am gamoTqmis analogiebi
bibliis Sesatyvis adgilebSi. bibliuri kosmogoniis
daswyis striqonebSi, g. nadiraZis sityviT, `naTeli da
wyvdiadi jer kidev ar arian erTi meorisgan gaTiSul-
ni. maTi `ganwvaleba~, anu gayofa kosmosuri Semoqmede-
bis meore aqts warmoadgens~. amgvarad, bibliuri kos-
mogoniis, kerZod, `naTelisa da wyvdiadis~ gauTiSve-
lobis safuZvelze irkveva `mziani Ramis mniSvneloba~.
analogia TiTqos damajerebelia, magram imas gar-
da, rom yvelaferi es ewinaarRmdegeba g. nadiraZis aR-
niSvnas _ `mziani Rame~ garkveviT `igivea, rac... RvTae-
ba~, da swori kvlevis safuZvels es udavo debuleba
unda Seadgendes, namdvilad `bibliis~ kosmogoniis mi-
TiTebul striqonebSi sxva viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme
da analogias `mzian RamesTan~ gamarTleba ara aqvs.

351
 bibliis Sesatyvis adgilebSi*§ wyvdiadisa da na-
Telis Tanmimdevruli warmoqmna aris moTxrobili,
`dasabamad qmna RmerTman ca da qveyana~; am stadiaze
qveyana jer kidev wyvdiadiT aris moculi, igi `uxila-
via~ da `ganumzadebeli~; jer kidev `bneli iyo zeda
ufskrulTa~. miTiuri kosmogoniis Semdgom aqts warmo-
adgens naTelis Seqmna: `da Tqua RmerTman: iqmnen naTe-
li, da iqmna naTeli~. `ganwvaleba~ warmodgenil kosmo-
goniaSi exeba ara gaTiSvas or mopirdapire movlenad
iseTi mdgomareobisa, sadac es movlenebi gauTiSvel,
ganuwvalebel mdgomreobaSi imyofebian, aramed sxva-
dasxva dros warmoqmnil movlenaTa gansxvavebas Sesat-
yvisi saxelebiT.
amgvarad, araswori Ziebani rusTavelis poemis gan-
saxilveli strofebis mimarT istoriulad da logiku-
rad mivida daskvnamde, romlebic TiTqos adastureben
maTi axsnis SeuZleblobas im saxiT, ra saxiTac es
strofebi da Sesatyvisi gamoTqmebi rusTavelis poema-
Si aris mocemuli.
teqstis Sesworeba „ioli” gamosavalia. magram
araviTari pirdapiri sabuTi teqstis SecvlisTvis, miT
umetes, amgvari SesworebisTvis ar arsebobs da teq-
stis Secvlis momxreTa ZiebaSi aseTi sabuTi ar aris
dasaxelebuli. amis garda, aseTi radikaluri Careva
ZeglSi bevrad ufro arTulebs sakiTxis gadawyvetas.
teqstis Sesworeba, TavisTavad qmnis niadags Seswore-
bis mravalgvari variantebis warmoSobisTvis imis mi-
xedviT, romeli varianti ufro Seefereba mkvlevris
pozicias, da bolos da bolos „Sesworebis“ sazomad
ama Tu im mkvlevris Tvalsazrisi iqceva.
„mziani Ramis“ azris, mniSvnelobisa da wyaroebis
dadgena mocemuli gamoTqmis Seucvlelad moxsnis teq-
stis Sesworebis sakiTxs. es, Cveni azriT, araTu ar

                                                            
*
es adgilebi citirebulia g. nadiraZis mier.

352
aris gamoricxuli, am mimarTulebiT rusTvelogiaSi
swori da damajerebeli nabijebia gadadgmuli. kerZod,
garkveviT aris miTiTebuli wyaro, saidanac „mziani Ra-
mis“ warmodgena momdinareobs. Zieba am wyaros mimarTe-
biT gaarkvevs mis azrs da Teoriul dasabuTebas.
viktor nozaZe „mziani Ramis“ sakiTxs or naSrom-
Si Seexo59.618„TviT es gamoTqma „mziani Rame“, _ werda
is pirvel naSromSi, _ arsad Semxvedria“. magram am ga-
moTqmis „Sinaarsis gamomxatvel“ gamoTqmebs igi samar-
Tlianad xedavs fsevdo-dionise areopagelis „Teolo-
giur mistikaSi“. metic, mkvlevari imowmebs genadis (ei-
kaloviCs)***mosazrebas, rom „mziani Rame“ aris mTliani
simbolo „katafatikisa da apofatikisa! mze aris dade-
biTi simbolo RmerTebisa (RvTiurobisa), xolo Rame ki
(ufro xSirad _ wyvdiadi, RvTiuri sibnele) _ aris
uaryofiTi simbolo“60.619amgvarad, mkvlevari miuTiTebs
filosofiur wyaros, sadac „mziani Ramis“ analogiebi
aris saZiebeli da konkretulad akavSirebs rusTave-
lis am gamoTqmas areopagitul moZRvrebasTan.
am zogadi debulebebis iqiT v. nozaZis Zieba am
naSromSi ar wasula da arsebiTad misTvisac gaurkve-
veli darCa „mzian RamesTan“ dakavSirebuli yvelaze
rTuli da mTavari sakiTxi _ misi azri da Teoriuli
safuZvlebi. saxeldobr, rogoraa gamarTlebuli ori er-
TmaneTis gamomricxveli simbolos „mTlianoba“; ori da-
pirispirebuli warmodgenis (mzisa da Ramis) gaerTianeba
erT warmodgenaSi da ra safuZveli aqvs am gaerTianebas.
gadauwyvetel problemad darCa ara imdenad „mziani
Ramis“ analogiebis Zieba areopagitul moZRvrebaSi,
ramdenadac misi azri da, k. kekeliZis sityvebiT rom
vTqvaT, „naTeli RmerTis“ RameSi, wyvdiadSi, sibneleSi
„yofnis“ SesaZleblobis sakiTxi.
                                                            
***
areopagituli Txzulebis _ ,,saRmrToTa saxelTaTÂs” rusul
enaze mTargmneli, iRumeni (red.)

353
 v. nozaZis meore naSromSi kidev ufro gazrdilia
analogiebi areopagitikidan. magram arc am naSromSia
garkveuli areopagituli filosofiuri moZRvrebis Ta-
viseburebani, „mziani Rame“ rogorc co‐incidentia   
oppositorum, e.i dapirispirebul niSanTa Segnebuli gaer-
Tianeba erT warmodgenaSi.
avtori gverds uvlis areopagitikis uSualo Ses-
wavlas da mxolod mis garSemo arsebuli literatu-
riT sargeblobis gamo sakiTxis zedapirze rCeba.
saboloo daskvna, romelsac v. nozaZe iZleva,
adasturebs, rom igi warmodgenebiTa da SedarebebiT
ifargleba da gaugebari rCeba areopagitikis moZRvre-
bis ZiriTadi Sinaarsi, misi debulebebis azri, romlis
mxolod TvalnaTlivi gamoxatvis mizniT mimarTavs
areopagitikis avtori Tanamedrove mkvlevris mier mo-
tanil Sedarebebs. „sruliad gasagebi (Tu SeiZleba
misi gageba) sityviT rom vTqvaT, _ wers igi, _ arse-
bobs sadRac, caTa gadaRma (? – S. x.) RmerTi, romelic
aris naTeli. es aris iseTi Zlieri brwyinvale, rom
mas kaci Tvals ver gausworebs; siZliere naTelisa
aris iseTi, rom igi Tvals abrmavebs; amitom naTeli _
RmerTi Aaris miuwvdomeli da uxilavi; Cvens TvalTaT-
vis bneli. amgvarad: iq, sadac RmrTeebri naTeli aris,
igi – RmerTi ars kacTaTvis miuwevneli, bneli, wyvdia-
di, Rame, ai es aris „mziani Rame,“ e.i „naTeli Rame“,
romelic RmerTs udris“61.620
es warmodgenebi da Sedarebebi axloa fsevdo-di-
onises SedarebebTan. magram mTavari isaa, rom am Seda-
rebebisa da TvalnaTlivi warmodgenebis iqiT areopagi-
tikaSi rTul filosofiur dasabuTebas aqvs adgili
da maTi gamarTlebac am dasabuTebaSi mdgomareobs.
v. nozaZis mier bibliad damowmebuli es adgili
adasturebs, ramdenad filosofiuria areopagitika bib-
liasTan SedarebiT; ramdenad rTuli da Rrma dasabu-
Tebaa aq mocemuli imisa, Tu rogor „SeerTa“ mose

354
„yovlad yovliTurT Seuxebelsa da uxilavsa“; rogor
„scno“ man „uzeSTaesi yovelTa gonebaTasa“; ra Teori-
uli safuZveli aqvs „yovlad yovliTurT SeuxebelTan
da uxilavTan“ SeerTebas da rogor SeiZleba cnoba
imisa, rac yovel gonebaze „uzeSTaesia“, e.i rogor Se-
iZleba naTlad warmodgena imisa, rac, rogorc „yov-
lad yovliTurT Seuxebeli“ da yovelive gonebaze
„uzeSTaesi“ _ wyvdiadiTa da nisliT aris moculi; ra
pirobebi arsebobs imisTvis, rom am wyvdiadSi naTeli
iqnes danaxuli.
amis dasabuTeba bibliaSi ar moipoveba da areopa-
gitikis mizani ganuxorciebelia bibliis farglebSi.
am moZRvrebis istoriuli mniSvneloba saerTod da
kerZod, mocemul konkretul SemTxvevaSi antikuri fi-
losofiuri memkvidreobis gamoyenebiT da Semdgomi
ganviTarebiT aris gansazRvruli, am memkvidreobis
rTuli da Rrma dialeqtikis gamoyenebiTa da ganviTa-
rebiT.
areopagitikis avtori Tavisuflad grZnobs Tavs
am memkvidreobaSi. misi Tanamedrove mkvlevari analo-
giebisa da TvalnaTlivi warmodgenebis doneze rCeba.
rogorc vxedavT, „mziani Ramis“ garkvevis Tval-
sazrisiT, rusTvelologia saukuneze meti xnis ganmav-
lobaSi imyofeboda araswori Ziebis gzebze. Teimuraz
bagrationis mosazrebaTa ugulebelyofa am gamoTqmis
azris Taobaze da misi „ganmartebis“ Seufasebloba
warmoadgenda faqtobriv dacilebas erTaderT swori
gzisagan, romelic iZleva „mziani Ramis“ axsnis safuZ-
vels.
is, rac iTqva zemoT areopagitul moZRvrebaze
RmerTis moazrebis Sesaxeb, rogorc naTelisa da bne-
lisa, savsebiT analogiuri rusTavelis „mziani Ramisa“
im gansxvavebiT, rom naTeli da bneli, rogorc metafo-
ruli gamoTqmebi, rusTavels, rogorc poets, gadaaqvs

355
ufro metad konkretul movlenaze, mzesa da Rameze da
qmnis erTerT ubrwyinvales poetur saxes.
rusTaveli imdenad Rrmadaa gaTviTcnobierebuli
moZRvrebaSi, saidanac „mziani Rame“ momdinareobs, rom
amodis am TvalnaTlivi saxis moazrebis yvelaze rTu-
li da amave dros Taviseburi Sexedulebebidan naTe-
lisa da bnelis, „mzianisa“ da „Ramis“ gaerTianebis Se-
saxeb. rusTavelis „mziani Rame“ ar aris arc calke
aRebuli naTeli (mze) da misi warmodgena. es aris er-
Ti mTliani warmodgena, romelSic naTeli da bneli
erTmaneTs emTxveva, iseve, rogorc RmerTSi erTmaneTs
emTxveva arseboba da ararseboba, codna damyarebuli
mis arsebobaze yoveliveSi, codnas damyarebuls arar-
sebobaze arsad.
gavixsenoT zogierTi debuleba, romelic areopa-
gituli moZRvrebis ganxilvis dros iyo gamoTqmuli.
rogorc vnaxeT, am moZRvrebaSi pirveli sawyisis
Semecnebis ori meTodi moqmedebs – katafatikuri, ro-
melic emyareba pirvelsawyisisa da samyaros erTiano-
bis, maTi msgavsebis winamZRvars, da apofatikuri, rome-
lic maTi gansxvavebisgan amodis da pirveli sawyisis
Sinaarsis garkvevas cdilobs misi predikatebis uaryo-
fiT, efrem mcires TargmniT _ „ukuTqumiT“. gansxvave-
biT katafatikuri meTodisgan, romelsac avtori fi-
losofiurs uwodebs, apofatikuri „umsgavsebiT saCino-
ebis“ da, amave dros, mistikuri meTodia.
katafatikurma meTodma garkveuli codna aago,
apofatika am codnis uaryofamde mivida. magram kiTxva-
ze – ra ar aris RmerTi, maSin ufro axlos varT mi-
zanTan, rodesac varkvevT ra aris igi („raÁ igi ara
ars“). sabolood fsevdo-dionise midis daskvnamde, rom
pirveli mizezi, rogorc „zeSTa arseba, zeSTa RmerTi
da zeSTa saxiereba“, scildeba racionaluri codnis
farglebs, amaRlebulia hoyofasa da uaryofaze. pre-
dikatebis mimateba da gamokleba adamianis cnobiereba-

356
Si warmoebuli aqtebia da Tavad pirvel mizezs, ro-
gorc uzenaes sawyiss, fiqrobs fsevdo dionise, amiT
arc araferi emateba da, arc araferi akldeba.
im metaforuli gamoTqmebis mixedviT, romlebsac
arepagituli moZRvrebis avtori mimarTavs (da Semdeg
„vefxistyaosanSi“ gvxvdeba), katafatikuri gziT miRe-
buli codna garkveuli codnaa, „naTeli“ (Sdr., Teimu-
raz bagrationi _ mze niSnavs „naTeli cnobisa RmrTi-
sasa“), xolo apofatikuri codna – gaurkveveli da bne-
li (Sdr. Teimuraz bagrationi _ „Rame“ – pirveli saw-
yisis „umecrebas“ niSnavs). RmerTi „naTelia“, ramdena-
dac „icnobebis“, „mecnierebis“ farglebSia moTavsebu-
li da masze SeiZleba garkveuli codna aSendes. meore
mxriv, is Secnobadobis farglebs scildeba da am mi-
marTebiT is „bneliT“ aris moculi. efrem mcires Tar-
gmanis mixedviT – umecrebis nislSia gaxveuli.
magram amiT ar amoiwureba saboloo pasuxi kiT-
xvaze. cal-calke aRebuli „naTeli“ da „bneli“ dapi-
rispirebul mimarTebaTa gamoxatulebaa. „mziani Rame“
ki erTi cnebaa da problema dapirispirebuli warmod-
genebis gaerTianebaSi da misi ontologiuri safuZvle-
bis dasabuTebaSi mdgomareobs. es niSnavs amave dros
imis dasabuTebas, rom „mziani Rame“ pirvel sawyisSi,
rogorc hoyofasa da uaryofaze ze-aRmatebul arseba-
Si, moxsnilia winaaRmdegobani. es ki warmoadgens on-
tologiur safuZvels winaaRmdegobaTa moxsnisTvis
codnis sferoSi, winaaRmdegobaTa daZlevisTvis na-
Telsa („mziansa“) da bnels („Rames“) Soris. metic,
RmerTi, rogorc yoveliveze ze-aRmatebuli, aerTianebs
TavisSi winaaRmdegobebs; racionaluri, bolovadi ada-
mianis Semecnebebisgan gansxvavebiT, pirveli sawyisis
wvdomis formac amgvari unda iyos. es niSnavs, unda
aerTianebdes „naTelsa“ da „bnels“.
da ai, rodesac adamiani pirvelis sawyisis cnebi-
dan predikatebis uaryofis gziT TandaTan adis maRla

357
da maRla, is Sedis bnelisa da arcodnis sferoSi. mag-
ram es aris swored pirveli sawyisis namdvili cnoba
da xilva. aq, am sibneleSi, is brwyinavs ufro metad
avsebs adamianis suls sikeTiTa da mSvenierebiT. es
aris pirveli sawyisis wvdomis iseTi forma, romelSic
naTeli da bneli erT mTlianobaSia mocemuli.
„mziani Ramis“ problemaTa sferoSi Semodis rus-
Tavelis poemaSi damowmebuli „mzisa elvaTa krTomis“
xedva „dRisiT da RamiT“:

RmerTsa Semvedre, nuTu kvla damxsnas soflisa

Sromasa,
cecxlsa, wyalsa da miwasa, haerTa Tana Zromasa;
momces frTeni da aRvfrinde, mivxvde mas Cemsa
ndomasa,
dRisiT da RamiT vxedvide mzisa elvasa krTomasa
(1304).
es aris erT-erTi SesaniSnavi strofi nestanis ta-
rielTan miwerili, uimedobisa da kaeSniT lirikuli
moculi werilidan, romelic filosofiuri Tvalsaz-
risiTac ipyrobs yuradRebas. „cecxlsa, wyalsa da mi-
wasa, haerT Tana Zromasa“ _ asaxavs poemaSi oTxi ele-
mentis Teorias, romelic, rogorc Tavis adgilze vna-
xeT, weriloboTi ZeglebiTaa dadasturebuli VI s-is
saqarTveloSi, kerZod, e.w. asureli mamebis cxovrebaSi.
es Teoria rusTavelis poemaSic poulobs Tavis ad-
gils, sadac elementi sityviT „kavSir“ aris gadmoce-
muli. SevniSnavT sxvaTa Soris, rom rusTavelis poema-
Si asaxuli am Teoriis wyaroebis Zieba indur filoso-
fiaSi mxolod istoriuli realobis ugulebelyofiT
SeiZleba iyos gamowveuli.
am SemTxvevaSi yuradRebas ipyrobs strofis meoT-
xe striqoni:
„dRisiT da RamiT vxedvide mzisa elvasa krToma-
sa“.

358
 n. mari naSromSi, sadac rusTavelis neoplatoniz-
mis sakiTxi mis winaSe pirvelad dadga, werda, rom
mTeli rigi monacemebis mixedviT, neoplatonizmis gav-
leniT unda SemuSavebuliyo qalisadmi idealizebuli
siyvaruli saqarTveloSi im saxiT, rogoriTac is isa-
xeba rusTavelis poemaSi62.621erTi cnobili frangi mec-
nieris naSromze63.622dayrdnobiT n. mari werda, rom ne-
oplatonikosebs Soris gavrcelebuli Sexedulebis mi-
xedviT, adamianis suli ciuri mnaTobebis bunebisaa,
xolo mze, mTavari mnaTobTa Soris, sasicocxlo ener-
gias agzavnis xiluli samyaros movlenebze. sasicoc-
xlo Zalebi romlebic rogorc zeviT iyo naTqvami, su-
lisgan momdinareobs. magram rodesac sikvdilis gamo
iSleba adamianSi Semavali elementebi, suli tovebs
sxeulebriv samoss da ubrundeba gonebas da mzes.
poemis am adgilis neoplatonuri warmomavloba
mravali avtoris mieraa aRiarebuli. n. naTaZis azriT,
saiqio rusTavelTan, sadac poemis gmiri dRisiT da
Ramis „mzisa elvaTa (sxivTa) krTomis“ WvretaSi iqneba,
neoplatonur warmodgenas ufro mogvagonebs, vidre
qristianuls.

$4. RmerTi _ „uJamo Jami“

„uJamo Jami“ imave rigis warmodgenaa, rogoric

„mziani Rame“. .„uJamo“ (zedrouli) upirispirdeba „Jams“
(dros), rogorc naTeli – Rames. „uJamo Jami“ dapiris-
pirebuli niSnebis imgvarive gaerTianebaa. magram Tu
„mziani Ramis“ gagebaSi rusTvelogTa nawili mainc xe-
davs dapirispirebuli warmodgenebis gaerTianebas
(imis da miuxedavad, Tu ramdenad sworad esmiT gamoT-
qmebis es Tavisebureba), „uJamo Jamis“ gagebis mxriv yve-
la maTgani (Teimuraz bagrationidan dawyebuli bolo

359
dromde) – erTsa da imave, Cveni azriT, araswor Tval-
sazrisze dgas.
Teimuraz bagrationis sityviT „uJamo Jami“ aRniS-
navs RmerTs, rogorc „dausabamos, samaradisos da da-
usrulebuls“; RmerTs, romelic „Jamsa Sina ara Semo-
vals“. uJamo Jami misTvis igivea, „rac misi samaradiso-
ba, saukuno“64.623
sxva mkvlevrebTan „uJamo Jami“ niSnavs „dausabamo
da usasrulo rames“. „uJamo Jami“ rusTavelTan Rmer-
Tis cnebis gamoxatulebaa da am gamoTqmiT RmerTi mo-
azrebulia, rogorc „dausabamo da usasrulo“. v. noza-
ZesTan vkiTxulobT: „uJamo Jamisa aris maradiuli, da-
usrulebeli, infinitus“65;624„uJamo Jamoba“ igivea, rac
maradiuloba66.625
amgvarad, „uJamo Jami“ rusTvelogTa mier gagebu-
lia, rogorc maradiuli, dausabamo da usasrulo. mag-
ram aseTi gageba marTebulia, Cveni azriT, am warmod-
genis mxolod pirveli Semadgeneli nawilis „uJamos“
(zedrouls) mimarT da ara mTlianad _ „uJamo Jamis“
mimarT. rusTvelologTa warmodgenili interpretacia
auqmebs am gamoTqmaSi erT-erTs – dapirispirebul ni-
SanTa Soris, auqmebs, saxeldobr, „Jams“, dros; gamo-
ricxavs dapirispirebul erTianobas da amdenad ar Se-
esatyviseba „uJamo Jamis“ swor gagebas.
sxvaze ufro vrclad „uJamo Jamis“ amgvari gage-
bis dasabuTeba warmodgenilia nozaZis naSromSi. mag-
ram aq moyvanili masala Zveli qarTuli mwerlobidan
da prokles „Teologiis pirvelsafuZvlbidan“ an ar
qmnis analogias „uJamo JamTan“, anda swored iseTi
daskvnis safuZvels iZleva (avtorisTvis SeumCnevlad),
romlis mixedviTac, maradiuli mxolod „uJamoÁs“ Se-
satyvisad unda iqnes miCneuli.
magaliTad, s.s. orbeliani garkveviT wers, rom
uJamo niSnavs „Jamuqonels“, e.i. zedrouls da am mniS-
vnelobiT maradiuls. xolo Jami, misive ganmartebiT,

360
aris drois garkveuli monakveTi. aseve, giorgi merCu-
les maradiuli naTeli esmis, rogorc „uJamo naTeli“.
misTvis „ucvalebelis“, „dausabamos“ da „dausrule-
belis“ Tanafardovan cnebas warmoadgens „uJamo“. avto-
ris mier iqve damowmebuli zosime aTonelTan lapara-
kia RmerTze, rogorc „uJamoze“.
rac Seexeba prokles Txzulebis petriwiseuli
Targmanis 124-e Tavs, romelsac mkvlevari miuTiTebs,
aq misi msjeloba teqstis araswor gagebaze aris dam-
yarebuli. „es cneba „uJamo Jamisa” gvxvdeba, _ wers av-
tori, _ proklosis qarTulad naTargmn TxzulebaSi:
„kavSirni RmrTismetyuelebiTni“, sadac igi gamoyenebu-
lia gamoTqmiT – uJamod Jamos Sorisi“67.626
prokles Txzulebidan v. nozaZis damowmebul 124-
e TavSi gamoTqmulia Sexedulebani imis Taobaze, rom
yoveli RmerTi Sicnobs ganwvalebuls - gaunawileb-
lad drouls – drois gareSe (zedroulad), ara auci-
lebels –aucileblad, cvalebads – ucvlelad da sa-
erTod – yovelivesa Seicnobs „umjobesad“, e.i ufro
amaRlebuli azriT (κρείττονος) vidre es Sesacnobis
rigs Seefereba.
prokles am sityvebs bevri saerTo aqvs areopagi-
tikasTan da damowmebuli Tavis swori gageba SeiZle-
boda gamoyenebliyo sakiTxis garkvevisTvis. magram
mkvlevris moyvanili „uJamo Jamis Sorisi“ azrs mokle-
buli gamoTqmaa, Tu teqstSi ar iqna aRdgenili zmna
(„uwyis“), romelic frazis pirvel naxevarSi aris nax-
mari da, rogorc xSirad xdeba petriwTan – momdevno
debulebaSi aRar meordeba, Tumca aucilebliv igulis-
xmeba. citirebul adgils rom Tanamedrove sintaqsuri
saxe movceT da gamotovebuli zmna aRvadginoT, mivi-
RebT: „yovelman RmerTeebman ganunawileblad uwyis
ganwvalebadi da uJamod uwyis Jamis Sorisi“, e.i is,
rac mocemulia samyaroSi, rogorc „ganwvalebadi“, is
RvTaebriv SemecnebaSi Rebulobs „ganunawilebel“ sa-

361
xes, xolo is, rac mocemulia „Jamis Sorisad“, RvTaeb-
riv SemecnebaSi Rebulobs „uJamos“ formas. „uJamod Ja-
mis Sorisi“ ori warmodgenis nebismieri gaerTianebaa
gamowveuli teqstSi nagulisxmevi zmnis ugulebelyo-
fiT.
areopagitikis Sesaxeb zemoT gamoTqmuli debule-
bebi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes warmodgenaTa iseTi
kompleqsis gasagebadac, rogoricaa „Jami uJamo“. pirvel
yovlisa, moviyvanoT teqstobrivi paralelebi, romleb-
Sic dadasturebulia pirvelmizezis mimarT zedroulo-
bis, maradiulobisa da drois predikatebis miwera da
mocemulia cda amis gagebisa da dasabuTebisa.
RmerTi, areopagitikis mixedviT, aris „uJamo da
uqceveli“, magram „RmerTi..., viTarca saukuned da vi-
Tarca Jamad igalobebodis“; „Zuelad dReTa igalobe-
bis RmerTi yovelTa amaT misdad yofisaTvis, ese igi
arian: saukune da Jami“68.627
es teqstobrivi paralelebi TavisTavad sakmarisia
imisTvis, rom rusTavelis „uJamo Jamis“ filosofiuri
wyaro dadgindes. magram imisTvis, rom am gamoTqmis az-
ri gairkves im mniSvnelobiT, rom gamoTqmaSi ori sapi-
rispiro warmodgenaa gaerTianebuli da es gaerTianeba
saTanadod aris dasabuTebuli, amisTvis ufro vrclad
unda iqnes ganxiluli areopagitikis Sesatyvisi debu-
lebani.
zedroulis, maradiulobisa da drois sakiTxi da-
kavSirebulia rig kategoriebTan, romelsac areopagi-
tika Tanmimdevrulad ixilavs maT dapirispirebaSi. ase-
Tebia _ erToba, didoba, igiveoba, zedrouloba, ucva-
lebloba, martivoba da a. S. magram pirvelmizezs Ti-
Toeuli am predikatis sapirispiro predikatic SeiZle-
ba mieweros: „....didica da mcirec iTqumian yovelTa mi-
zezisaTÂs, igiveoba da sxuaoba, msgavseba da umsgavse-
ba dgoma da moZraoba“69.628pirvelmizezs, areopagitikis
mixedviT, SeiZleba mieweros sidide, igiveoba, msgavseba

362
da uZraoba, magram mas SeiZleba mieweros, agreTve, sim-
cire, sxvaoba, gansxvaveba da moZraoba. kategoriaTa
deduqciis mixedviT moyvanili cnebebi erTisa da sim-
ravlis kategoriebis safuZvelze aixsneba da Tavis
mxriv maradiulobisa da drois cnebebis garkvevis sa-
fuZvels warmoadgens.
didi predikati miekuTvneba pirvelmizezs, ro-
gorc diads TavisTavSi da „zeSTasavses“, rogorc
„garSemomwerels“ yoveli sididisa da momcvels „yove-
li adgilisa“, „yoveli ricxvisa“ da „yoveli uricxve-
bisa“, amave dros, rogorc mricxvels calkeul arsTa
sididisa. meore mxriv, pirvelmizezs „mcire ewodebis“,
ramdenadac igi yovel calkeul arsSi daubrkoleblad
vrceldeba, yoveliveSi gaivlis da yoveliveSi moqme-
debs70.629
igiveobrivia pirvelmizezi („masveobasa ityÂan
misTÂis“), rogorc zedrouli, maradiuli da ucvleli
(„uJamo da uqcevel“), „maradis Tavsa TÂssa Sina“ myofi
da maradis erT da igive, unaklo da mouklebeli, ro-
gorc „augebeli da maradis arsi da TviT srularsi
da igived myofi Tavis TÂisiT“. meore mxriv, igi sxvao-
baa („sxuaoba iTqumis misTÂis“), ramdenadac pirvelmi-
zezi, gamomdinareobis Sedegad, yoveliveSia („yovelTa
yovelsa Sina yovel eqmnebis“), yovelives „miscems Tav-
sa TÂssa“, „yovelsa Tana ars... wina _ gamomavlo-
biT“71.630
pirvelmizezze iTqmis msgavseba, ramdenadac igive-
obrivia, „mxoloobiTia“ da ganuyofelad TavisaTvis
msgavsi arsia. igi mizezia yoveli arsis „msgavs yofi-
sa“, romelic msgavsebaSi monawileobs, aris yoveli
arsis RmerTis „mimarT mimaqceveli“ da, amave dros, mi-
zezi „Tvismsgavsebisa“. magram pirvelmizezze isic Se-
iZleba iTqvas, rom igi gansxvavebulia da ar aris
msgavsi. yoveli calkeuli arsi gansxvavebulobas, „um-
sgavsobas“ gulisxmobs. simravle imdenadaa simravle,

363
ramdenadac yoveli calkeuli arsi gansxvavebulia.
gansxvaveba calkeul arsTa Soris gansazRvrulia sa-
bolood maTi pirvelmizezisgan gansxvavebis sxvadas-
xva romelobiT. pirvelmizezisa da calkeuli arsis
ormagi mimarTebis gamo TiToeul calkeul arsTagan
„msgavs ars RmerTisa da umsgavsoca“. msgavsia imdenad,
ramdenadac is pirvelmizezSi monawileobs da mas ba-
Zavs, „umsgavsoa“, rogorc Sedegi, romelic, areopagi-
tikis mixedviT, yovelTvis naklovania mizezTan Seda-
rebiT da metnaklebad aris dacilebuli pirvelmize-
zisgan72.631
pirvelmizezi uZravia, ramdenadac „hgies... TÂT
Tavsa Soris TÂsa“ da myarad imyofeba ucvlel igiveo-
baSi. igi „yovlad miudrekel ars Tavisa TÂsasagan“ da
rogorc uZravi, „igi aris mizez yovelTa dgomisa da
damyarebisa“73.632meore mxriv, uZrav pirvelmizezs miewe-
reba moZraobis predikati. rogor gavigoT, svams kiT-
xvas areopagitikis avtori, rom „uZrav“ pirvelmizezs
uwodeben, agreTve, yovel arsamde gamomdinares da moZ-
ravs („...yovelTa winagamomavalad da moZravad ityod-
nen mas“)? pirvelmizezi moZravia, ramdenadac misi yo-
vel arsTan yofna mis gamomdinareobisa da moqmedebis
Sedegia, ramdenadac yoveli mizezi Tavis SedegSi ga-
dadis, xolo sabolood, pirvelmizezi – yovel ar-
sSi74.633
drois sakiTxi moZraobisa da cvalebadobis sa-
kiTxTan mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli. antikur filosofi-
aSi es kavSiri SemCneuli da garkveulic iyo. areopagi-
tikis avtori, rogorc vnaxeT, pirvelmizezis „uJamo-
bas“ mis „uqcevelobasTan“ akavSirebs da amas Tavisi
safuZveli aqvs. yovelive imis Semdeg, rac areopagiti-
kis mTavar TxzulebaSi („saRmrToTa saxelTaTÂs“) pir-
velmizezis ganxiluli predikatebis Sesaxeb iTqva, av-
tori gadadis droisa da maradiulobis sakiTxis gan-
xilvaze: „Jami ars amieriTagan sityvisa mier mraval _

364
saxelisa RmerTisa, viTarca yovlisa mpyrobelad da
viTarca Zuelad dReTad galobad“75.634
areopagitikaSi, msgavsad ganxiluli predikatebis
da CvenTvis saintereso naTelisa da sibnelis, er-
Tdroulad aris pirvelmizezis mimarT gamoyenebuli,
rogorc „uJamos“ da „saukunos“ (maradiulobis), agreT-
ve, „Jamis” (drois) predikati. RmerTi aris „uJamo“, ma-
radiuloba da amasTan – dro. „uJamoa“ is, rogorc uq-
ceveli, rogorc „maradis Tavsa Sina“ myofi, igiveobri-
vi, „augebeli da maradis arsi da TviT srul-arsi da
igived myofi TaviT TÂsiT“, rogorc mizezi yoveli ma-
radiulobisa. magram RmerTi aris mizezi aramxolod
„yovelive saukunoÁsa“, aramed aris „mizezi yovelisave
Jamisa“, da amdenad mas SeiZleba mieweros drois pre-
dikatic.
religiuri gamoTqma „Zueli dRe“, romliTac
RmerTi warmodgenili qristianobis pirvelwyaroSi,
aerTianebs da RmerTs miawers maradiulobasa (Zueli)
da dros (dRe). „xolo Zuelad dReTa igalobebis Rmer-
Ti yovelTa amaT misdad yofisaTÂis, ese igi arian: sa-
ukune da Jami da pirveli dReTaobaÁ da pirvel JamTa
da saukuneTaobaÁ“76.635
„uJamosi“, „saukunoÁs“ da „Jamis“iseve, rogorc da-
narCeni aq ganxiluli predikatebis miwera pirvelmize-
zisTvis daboloebuli gonebis farglebSi xdeba da am-
gvarad agebul codnas pirvelmizezis Sesaxeb gamar-
Tleba da dasabuTeba mxolod im sferoSi aqvs, romel-
Sic codnis antinomiuri xasiaTi dasturdeba. amitom
areopagitikis avtori yovel am predikatze msjelobis
dros, ramdenadac saqme exeba maT gamoyenebas pirvelmi-
zezis mimarT, xazs usvams gansakuTrebul, pirvelmize-
zis, rogorc dauboloebelis Sesaferis mniSvnelobas,
rodesac sidide, igiveoba, msgavseba, uZraoba da mara-
diuloba imgvarad gadadis simcireSi, sxvaobaSi gan-

365
sxvavebaSi, moZraobasa da droSi, rom ar irRveva da
mouklebeli rCeba TiToeuli maTganis Sinaarsi.
sabolood am predikatebis calmxrivoba moixsne-
ba pirvelmizezis mistikuri wvdomis dros; aq, sadac
pirveli mizezi warmogvidgeba, rogorc „arca sidide,
arca simcire,... arca msgavseba, arca umsgavseoba“; sa-
dac igi „arca dgas, arca iZvris“ da is ar aris „arca
saukune, arca Jam“; warmogvidgeba, ogorc yovelive ar-
sze da yovel predikatze ze-aRmatebuli dauboloebe-
li.
magram amas rusTavelis „uJamo Jamis“ garkvevis-
Tvisis mniSvneloba eniWeba, rom rusTavelis damokide-
bulebas areopagitikisgan kidev erTi mniSvnelovani
TvalsazrisiT adasturebs. aq ki sakmarisia imis dadge-
na, rom areopagitikaSi „uJamo“ da „Jami“ garkveulia,
rogorc erTimeoris sapirispiro cnebebi da orive maT-
gani miewereba pirvelmizezs; da dasabuTebulia Rmer-
Tis warmodgena, rogorc „uJamosi“ da rogorc „Jamisa“.

$5. RmerTi, rogorc Semoqmedi da

erTarseba erTi

rogorc vnaxeT, pirveli sawyisis neoplatonizmi

da areopagituli moZRvreba ar ifargleba mxolod
apofatikuri gansazRvrebebiT da maTSi, aseve, didi ad-
gili eTmoba RmerTis dadebiT gansazRvrebebs. asea
„vefxistyaosanSi“, sadac katafatikur gansazRvrebebs
iseTive mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs, rogorc neop-
latonizmsa da areopagitikaSi.
RmerTi rusTavelis poemaSi yvelaze xSiradaa
(mzis Semdeg) naxsenebi da sakmaod farTo SesaZleblo-
ba arsebobs misi warmodgenis garkvevisaTvis:

366
 romelman Seqmna samyaro ZaliTa miT ZlieriTa,
zegardmo arsni suliTa yvna zeciT monaberiTa,
Cven, kacTa, mogvca qveyana, gvaqvs uTvalavi feriTa,
misgan ars yovli xelmwife, saxiTa mis mieriTa (1).
he, RmerTo erTo, Sen Sehqmen saxe yovlisa
tanisa,
Se damifare, Zleva mec daTrgunvad me satanisa,
momec mijnurTa survili, sikvdimde gasatanisa,
codvaTa Semsubuqeba, mun Tana wasatanisa (2).
poemis dasawyisi strofebidanve irkveva, rom
RmerTi warmoadgens Zalas, Semoqmedsa da ganmgebels,
romelic qmnis samyaros, warmoqmnis zegardmo arsebebs
zeciT monaberi suliT; Cven, adamianebs gvaZlevs mra-
valferovnebiT aRsavse qveyanas, adamianTa urTierTo-
bebis ganawesebs (aZleva mefeebs xelmwifebas) da sxva.
SesaZlebelia, rom „vefxistyaosanSi“ qveynis Seq-
mnis religiuri warmodgenebis da „Seqmnis“ cneba mono-
Teizmidan, kerZod, bibliidan, momdinareobdes, magram
unda iTqvas isic, rom rusTavelTan bibliuri warmod-
genebi sakmaodaa deformirebuli antikuri filosofiu-
ri memkvidreobis gavleniT. rogorc meore strofidan
Cans, dazustebulia „qveynisa“ da „Seqmnis“ cnebebi da
daviwroebulia „Seqmnis“ farglebi.
qveynis Seqmnis bibliuri miTologiis safuZvelze
Camoyalibebuli „mamaTa kosmologiis“ erT-erTi
msoflmxedvelobrivad mniSvnelovani dogmis mixedviT,
RmerTi samyaros qmnis ararasagan da araras arsad
moyvanas araviTari realoba ar uswrebs win. l. foier-
baxi am aqtSi xedavda yvelaze didi saswaulis gamoxa-
tulebas, romelic yvela sxva, religiuri mwerlobis-
Tvis damaxasiaTebel saswaulebs amarTlebda77.636
arsebiTadaa gansxvavebuli antikuri idealizmis
Sexedulebani am sakiTxze. antikur idealizmSi (pla-
tonTan, aristotelesTan, neoplatonizmSi) uzenaesis
SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweoba mxolod idealur formebs

367
exeba da materiaze ar vrceldeba. samyaros movlenebis
warmoqmnis gzaze, materia mzad xvdeba idealur for-
mebs. platonis „timaiosSi“, sadac yvelaze ufro gar-
kveviTaa saubari Semoqmedis (demiurgis) Sesaxeb, misi
roli amgvarad aris warmodgenili: „kosmosi aris
cocxali arseba, romelsac aqvs suli da goneba, da
daibada is WeSmaritad RvTaebrivi gangebisagan“. magram
aq RmerTi ararsis arsad momyvanebeli ar aris, _ is
„xiluli nivTebis“ mxolod momwesrigebelia78.637
rusTavelis poemis damowmebul me-2 strofSi
RmerTi qmnis ara nivTebs, aramed mxolod maT saxeebs
(ideebs, formebs), rac savsebiT Seesabameba antikur Se-
xedulebebs da Sorsaa „mamaTa kosmologiisagan“. „vef-
xistyaosnis“ am sityvebTan dakavSirebiT m. gogiberiZe
werda: „wminda aristotelurad SegviZlia miviCnioT
rusTavelis Tqma: he, RmerTo, erTo, Sen Sehqmen saxe
yovlisa tanisa“79.638
damaxasiaTebelia, rom rusTavelis msjeloba am
sakiTxze terminologiuradac gansxvavdeba bibliis
qarTuli Targmanis Sesatyvisi adgilisagan. bibliisa
da Zveli qarTuli literaturisTvis tipuria „Sesaqme“,
„wigni Sesaqmisa cisa da queynisa“, cnobad Sesaqm sof-
lisa“ „Seviyuare me winave soflisa Sesaqmed-
mde“80.639qarTul filosofiur mwerlobasa da, kerZod,
petriwTan, „SesaqmesTan“ erTad da bevrad ufro xSi-
rad ixmareba „qmnaÁ“, „qmnili“, „qmnuli“, „warmoqmnaÁ“,
„warmoarseba“, „warmodgoma“. bibliis adgili asea gan-
martebuli petriwTan: „RmerTman Cuenman caTa Sina da
queyanasa zeda yoveli raodeni ineba iqmodao“81;640„rame-
Tu orTave mizezs msgavsebaÁ ars warmoqmnaÁsaca da ku-
alad TÂsTa dasabamTadmi ukun qcevisaÁ“82.641
RmerTis aRniSvna erTis cnebiT damaxasiaTebelia
monoTeizmisTvisac da neoplatonizmisTvisac. monoTe-
izmSi, rogorc poliTeizmis sapirispiro msoflmxedve-
lobaSi, erTi – RmerTis ricxobrivi garkveulobaa,

368
RmerTi aris erTi, winaaRmdeg poliTeizmis mraval-
RmerTianobisa. neoplatonizmSi erTi erToba, erTiano-
ba da pirvelis sawyisis arsebaa. erToba arsis (arse-
bobis) upirvelesi pirobaa. mxolod im arsebobis. ra-
sac erToba aqvs da arsebobs imdenad, ramdenadac aqvs
erToba. arsebobis intensivoba mis erTianobis intensi-
vobazea damokidebuli. yoveli calkeuli arsi miT uf-
ro arsia, rac ufro metia misi „dateniloba“ erTiano-
biT, da misi Tanrigis sazomiT misi erTianobiT aris
gansazRvruli. maRali rangis arsi ufro metadaa erTi
da, piriqiT, ufro metad erTSi, metia arsi (myofoba).
pirveli sawyisi imitomaa absoluti, rom is mxolod
erTia, wminda erTia (yovelgvari simravlis gareSe) da
amitom wminda arsicaa.
rusTaveli iziarebs neoplatonur Sexedulebas,
rogorc erTze, agreTve, arsis wyobaze, rangobrivad
ganlagebul „mwyobrTa mwyobrze“, wyobaTa da „siraTa“
erTobliobaze.
„vefxistyaosanSi“ poemis filosofiuri msof-
lmxedvelobis garkvevis TvalsazrisiT erT-erT umniS-
vnelovanes strofSi (837), romelzedac qvemoT kidev
gveqneba saubari, RmerTi daxasiaTebulia, rogorc
„erT-arseba erTisa“.
„erT-arseba“ rusTavelis poemaSi mkvlevarTa er-
Ti nawilis mier dogmatikuri azrovnebis specifikur
cnebadaa gagebuli da imdenad niSandoblivad, rom ma-
Ti Sexedulebis mixedviT, am cnebidan uSualod gamom-
dinareobs Sua saukuneebis qristianul samyaroSi war-
moqmnili da am azrovnebisTvis specifikuri „samebis“
dogmati. erT-arseba, wers k. kekeliZe, implicite  gulis-
xmobs „samebas“. sxva rom araferi iyos „vefxistyaosan-
Si“, es terminic sakmarisi iqneboda misi avtoris tri-
nitaristobis dasamtkiceblad“.
es „kompromisuli“ fraza _ „sxva rom araferi
iyos“ – imiTaa gamowveuli, rom jer kidev XVII s-is

369
anonimis dakvirvebiT, rusTaveli „ar axsenebs samebasa
erT-arsulad“. da Tumca Tanamedrove mkiTxveli ver
daeTanxmeba anonims im daskvnebSi, romlebic mas „vef-
xistyaosanze“ gamoaqvs, magram „samebis“ Zieba da aRmo-
Cena poemaSi marTla rTul amocanas warmoadgens, yo-
vel SemTxvevaSi, dRevandlamde, da miT umetes im dro-
isTvis, rodesac k. kekeliZem Tavisi statia gamoaqveyna
(1960 w.). es Ziebani warmatebiT ar damTavrebula.
pirvelad xsenebuli Sexeduleba k. kekeliZem we-
rilobiT warudgina „vefxistyaosnis“ akademiuri teq-
stis damdgen komisias 1935 wlis 2 dekembris sxdomaze.
ramdenadac „erTarseba   implicite  gulisxmobs samebas, _
werda mkvlevari, – es garemoeba mafiqrebinebs, rom Cve-
ni am strfis pirvel taepSi „he, mzeo, vin xatad gTqves
mzianisa Ramisad“ unda gvqondes Segnebuli Tu Seugne-
beli damaxinjeba, romelic safiqrebelia adreve mom-
xdara“ da sxva. avtoris sabloo daskvnis mixedviT,
„mzianisa Ramisad“ unda ikiTxebodes „zenaisa samisad“,
rac samebis utyuari dadastureba unda yofiliyo. av-
tori kategoriulad moiTxovda aseTi Sesworebis Se-
tanas teqstSi. komisiis wevrebma aseT Sesworebas ar
dauWires mxari da poemis erT-erTi brwyinvale poetu-
ri saxe gadaurCa damaxinjebas83.642
debulebas „erTarseba implicite    gulisxmobs same-
bas“ – seriozuli mosazreba daupirispires komisiis
imave sxdomaze. iustine abulaZe fiqrobda, rom „erT-
arsebas islamic aRiarebs da erT-arsebis xsenebiT ar
igulisxmeba usaTuod qristianoba, qristianuli RvTae-
ba“. sayuradReboa iustine abulaZis sityvebi: „SesaZle-
belia iyos raime moZRvreba Tundac neoplatonizmis
niadagze, romlisTvisac ar iyos uCveulo aseTi gamoT-
qma, rogoricaa mzianisa Ramisad. rac Seexeba zenaisa,
aseTi ram rusTavelisaTvis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli
da sxvagan arsad ar aqvs naxmari“84.643

370
 ak. SaniZem Tumca Sesworeba „gonebamaxvilurad“
aRiara, magram daeTanxma i. abulaZes da Sesworebas ma-
inc ar dauWira mxari. Sesworeba „sapasuxismgeblo
cvlilebaa“, magram, radganac „erTarseba“ amave dros
aris dogma mahmadianobisa, SesaZloa igi avtors araq-
ristianuli gagebiTac exmara“, aRniSnavda a. SaniZe.
am mosazrebebis gamoqveynebis Semdeg85,644sadac k.
kekeliZem „mziani Ramis“ Sesworebis axali varianti wa-
moayena (ara „zenaisa samisad“, aramed „mzianisa sami-
sad“), samecniero literaturaSi sakmaod mravalricxo-
vani Sexedulebani gamoiTqva. aRiniSna isic, rom er-
Tarseba gvxvdeba ukve aristotelesTan, rac yovelgvar
eWvgareSe gamoricxavs erT arsebas da samebas Soris
implicitur mimarTebas86.645sakmao safuZvlianobiT ga-
irkva, rom ar arsebobs aucilebeli logikuri kavSiri
am or cnebas Soris arc rusTavelTan, da erTarseba
„vefxistyaosanSi“ ufro meti safuZvlianobiT SeiZleba
iqnes gagebuli neoplatonuri da ara dogmatikuri az-
riT87.646
SevexoT sakiTxs – ra azri da mniSvneloba hqonda
erTarsebis cnebas dogmatikis istoriaSi da, kerZod,
„Teologiur literaturaSi“. Cven vnaxavT, rom impli-
cituri kavSiri am or warmodgenas arc dogmatikis is-
toriaSi hqonia adgili da „mziani Ramis“ Secvlis sa-
fuZvelze Zieba poemaSi samebisa TviTnebur mtkicebas
warmoadgens.
Sua saukuneebis dogmatikaSi cneba „erT arseba“
ori terminiT oyo gamoxatuli μια ουσία (erT-arseba) da
δύο ουσία (Tan-arsi). ioane damaskelis „codnis wyaros“
qarTul TargmanebSi efrem mcire xmarobs „erTarss“,
arsen iyalToeli _ „Tana arss“. es cneba aristote-
lesgan momdinareobs da misi ori terminiT gadmotanac
aristotelesgan momdinare SexedulebiT unda yofili-
yo gamarTlebuli: „igiveobrivad aRniSnaven iseT niv-
Tebs, romlebsac erTi arseba aqvT“88.647

371
 rogorc am ganmartebidan Cans, „erT arseba“ niv-
Tebs exeba, nivTebis garkveul erTobliobas, romlebic
maTi arsebiTi niSniT arian gaerTianebulni. amdenad,
SeiZleba iTqvas, erT-arseba am SemTxvevaSi gulisxmobs
simravles, magram araviTar SemTxvevaSi mainca da ma-
inc sams.
cnobilia, rom aristoteles moZRvrebis mixedviT,
arsebobs orgvari arseba – pirveladi da meoradi. amis
Sesabamisad SeiZleba msjeloba erT arsebis orgvar
mniSvnelobaze. arseba „yvelaze ZiriTadi, pirveladi
da ueWveli azriT, _ isaa, romelic ar gamoiTqmis arc
erT qvemdebareze.., rogoricaa magaliTad, calkeuli
adamiani da calkeuli cxeni“. xolo „meorad arsebe-
bad“ iwodebian saxeebi da gvarebi, romlebsac pirvela-
di arsebebi ekuTvnian. „magaliTad, _ agrZelebs aris-
totele, _ calkeuli adamiani ekuTvnis saxes „adamia-
ni,“ xolo gvari am saxisTvis iqneba „cocxali arseba“.
amitom maT aRniSnaven, rogorc meorad arsebebs, maga-
liTad, „adamiani“ da „cocxali arseba“89.648
rogorc vxedavT, arseba exeba ara mxolod movle-
naTa simravles, romelic Sedgeba msgavsi, erTsaxovani,
erTgvarovani da erTarsi movlenebisgan, _ arseba ewo-
deba, agreTve, calkeul movlenas, romelic saxeebad
aRar nawildeba.
Sua saukunis azrovnebaSi erT-arsebis orive gage-
ba gvxvdeba da es orive gageba aristotelesgan momdi-
nareobs.
ioane damaskelis „dialeqtikaSi“, romelic, ro-
gorc vnaxeT, didi popularobiT sargeblobda Sua sa-
ukuneebis pirobebSi da dawerili iyo aristoteles
logikuri da nawilobriv ontologiuri Sexedulebe-
bis didi gavleniT, vkiTxulobT: „xolo wmidani mamani
erT-naTesav [erT logikur gvarSi gaerTianebul] da
erT saxe [erT logikur saxeSi gaerTianebul movle-
nebs]... uwodeben erT-arsTa, ese igi ars, romelTa gua-

372
movnebai [hipostasi] erT-saxe iyos“90.649imave „dialeqti-
kaSi“ meore adgilze mocemulia erT-arsis ganmarteba
arsebis pirveladi aristoteleseuli mniSvnelobiT:
„aw ukue wmidani mamani... erT-arsad da erT-bunebad da
erT-naTesavad [erT gvarovnad] da erT-xatad [erT for-
mis mqoned] uwodeben misive saxovanisa saxisa ganuyo-
felobasa“91.650
gamoTqmaSi _ „saxovanisa saxisa ganuyofeloba“ _
igulisxmeba calkeuli warmodgena, romelic aRar iyo-
fa ufro viwro moculobis warmodgenad, aris „ganuyo-
feli“, „ganukueTeli“, individuumi, rogorc hipostazi.
aseTia aristoteles zemoxsenebuli magaliTebi _
„calkeuli adamiani da calkeuli cxeni“, Sua saukunee-
biSi gavrcelebuli magaliTi _ „pavle“ da a.S.
analogiuri mdgomareobaa Sua saukuneebis qar-
Tul azrovnebaSi da kerZod, rusTavelis epoqis moaz-
rovnesTan. prokles debulebas _ „yoveli myofi erTma-
neTisa mimarT anu yovelni arian, anu nawil, anu igive-
oba anu sxua“92651(am Teoremis azri Semdegia: yoveli
arsi sxva arsTan mimarTebaSi aris mTeli, an nawili,
an igiveobrivi, an gansxvavebuli). petriwi urTavs ko-
mentars: yoveli myofi (arsi) an aris mTeli (sayovel-
Tao) da nawilebis Semcveli, an Tavad aris nawili,
romelic mTelSi Sedis; anda aris –sxvasTan mimarTeba-
Si _ „igiveoba da erT tom (erTgvari) da erTarseba“.
rogorc mag., cneba „mokudavni“ garkveuli niSniT aer-
Tianebs yvela mokvdavs, magram TiToeuli maTgani gan-
sxvavdeba Tavisi individualuri niSnebiT93.652
zemoT ganxiluli gvqonda RmerTis, rogorc „mzi-
ani Ramisa“ da „uJamo Jamis“ sakiTxi, sadac davrwmun-
diT, rom am ori Taviseburi warmodgenis axsna mxo-
lod Dda mxolod neoplatonizmisa da areopagituli
moZRvrebis safuZvelze SeiZleba. amave dros, rogorc
Tavad rusTaveli ambobs, SexedulebaTa mTeli es kom-
pleqsi, erTarseba erTis CaTvliT, filosofiuri cod-

373
nidan gamomdinareobs da, cxadia, „erT arseba erTzec“
vrceldeba. rusTavelis gamoTqmaSi - „erT-arsebisa er-
Tisa“ – xazgasmulia ara mxolod RmerTis „erT arso-
ba“, rom aq „arsoba“ gagebuli unda iyos aristoteles
pirveladi arsebis mniSvnelobiT.

$6. RmerTi, rogorc savseba yovelTa

„vefxistyaosanis“ erT adgils:

asmaT Tqva: „RmerTo, romeli ar iTqmi kacTa eni-
Ta,
Sen xar savseba yovelTa, agvavseb mzeebr feniTa“
(917).
SevexeT RmerTis apofatikur moazrebis Tvalsaz-
risiT. gvainteresebda uzenaesis, rogorc gamouTqme-
lis gansazRvreba poemaSi da am Sexedulebis warmomav-
loba. imave ideuri memkvidreobidan momdinareobs war-
modgena RmerTze, rogorc „yovelTa savsebaze“ da mis
mimarTebaze samyarosadmi, rogorc „mzeebr fenaze“.
„savseba“ da „sisrule“ neoplatonizmsa da areo-
pagitul moZRvrebaSi pirveli sawyisis, uzenaesis erT-
erTi, SeiZleba iTqvas, uZiriTadesi gansazRvrebaa „er-
TTan“, rogorc gansazRvrebasTan, erTad. pirveli saw-
yisi pirveli savsebaa (da sruli) imitom, rom erTia da
erTia imitom, rom savseba da sisrulea. Teologia,
wers fsevdo-dionise, „yovelTa mizezsa mas yovelsave
da Tanad yovelsa uwods da viTarca srulad da vi-
Tarca erTad ugalobs“94.653pirveli sawyisis gansaz-
RvrebaTa (sikeTe, mSveniereba,... qva, klde, da sxv.) sa-
fuZveli misi savseba da sisrulea da yvela gansaz-
RvrebaTa gamoyeneba (deducireba) SeiZleba misi savseo-
bisgan. gasagebia kavSiri am or _ „sruli da savseba“ _
gansazRvrebas Sorisac: yoveli warmoqmnili („warmoma-
yenebeli“), – wers petriwi, _ aris „srul da savse“; is

374
arsebobs da rCeba Tavis „myofobasa da igiveobas ze-
da“; ar icvleba da mas araferi akldeba95.654
plotines mixedviT, pirveli sawyisi aris „abso-
luturi srulyofileba“; is „zeWarbadaaa avsebuli yo-
veliveTi“. petriwis mixedviT, pirveli erTi aris „yov-
liTurT TviT srul da zesTa srul, rameTu arca
sruleba ekadrebis mas“96.655areopagitul moZRvrebaSi _
„xolo kualad srul iTqumis igi (RmerTi), viTarca
aRuorZinebeli da maradis sruli da viTarca moukide-
beli, viTarca yovelTa Tavsa Soris TÂssa wina Tve
mqonebeli“ da rogorc aseTi _ „aRsavsebs (yovelives)
TÂsisa srulebisagan“97.656petriwTan: RmerTi „zesTa Zes
ese yovelsa arsebasa da Zalasa, da ars yovliTurT
TÂT srul da zesTa srul“98.657
plotinesTan pirveli sawyisis zeWarbi savseobaa
arsis warmoqmnis mizezi. pirveli sawyisi „zeWarbadaaa
avsebuli yoveliveTi“, ar eteva Tavis TavSi da „TiT-
qos gadmodis napirebidan“. amgvarad warmoqmnis is „ra-
Rac sxvasa da gansxvavebuls“ da es sxva da gansxvave-
buli aris „yoveli arsi“ (VI, 3,16). Zalian xSiradaa ga-
moyenebuli, agreTve, mzisa da naTelis analogia, neop-
latonizmSi aris warmoqmnis rTuli azris naTelsayo-
fad. pirveli sawyisidan, rogorc „yoveliveTi zeWar-
bad avsebulisagan“, imgvarad warmoiqmneba arsi, „ro-
gorc sinaTlis wyarosagan warmoiqmneba sinaTlis mTe-
li sfero“ (iqve).
analogiuri mdgomareobaa areopagitul moZRvre-
baSi. uzenaesi, rogorc yovelives „TÂssa Soris wi-
naÁTve mqonebeli“ _ „aRavsebs“ yovelives Tavisi sisru-
lisagan (rusTavelTan igivea: „agvavseb“, rogorc „sav-
seba yovelTa“). „ganmartebaÁs...“ bolosityvaobaSi, sa-
dac petriwi exeba mama RmerTis „RvTaebrivi savsebis“
sakiTxs, mas axsendeba „Tavisi“ prokle („Cemi attike-
li“) da misi „ar ridilad da sauwyoT“ gamoTqmuli Se-
xedulebani „myofTa warmoebis“ Taobaze, saxeldobr,

375
rom „keTilobaÁ yovelTaÁ RmrTisaÁ ver itia TÂis So-
ris ganmxoloebulad, aramed zesTa sazesTaoTaÁsa
gardmoica, raÁTa sxuanica warmoaCinnes TanmeTanaed
da mziareT keTilobaTa TÂsTaÁsa“99.658yovlad RmerTis
sikeTe ver daetia mxolod sakuTar TavSi, gadmoeca
umaRless arss, raTa yvela sxva movlenebi warmoeCina,
rogorc sikeTis moziareni.
amgvarad, pirveli sawyisis savseoba absolituri
srulyofilebaa, „zeSTa savseobaa“; pirveli sawyisis
savseobaa ZiriTadi piroba arsisa da samyaros warmoq-
mnisaTvis da is, rogorc vnaxeT, swored amis gamo
„gadmoiRvreba“ Tavisi sazRvrebidan, da is, rac gadmo-
iRvreba, aris arsi. areopagituli moZRvrebis mixedviT,
RmerTi „zeSTasavsiTa“ micemis unariT „aRavsebs Tvis-
Ta srulebisagan“ yovelives.
savseoba imas niSnavs, rom, plotines sityviT, „yo-
velive marad masSi (pirvelsawyisSi) arsebobs“; fsev-
do-dionises azriT, uzenaesi imitomaa „maradis sru-
li“, rom aris „yovelTa Tavsa Soris TÂsa winaÁTve
mqonebeli“ da amitom „zeSTa-savsebiT misiTa da didT-
moqmedebiTa da niWTa misTa wyaroebiTa... ganhfendes
maT yovelTa mimarT mimRebelTa“. rogorc vxedavT, da-
mowmebuli adgilebis analogia rusTavelis moyvanil
strofTan eWvs ar iwvevs. RmerTi, rogorc „savseba yo-
velTa“ da „mimfeneli“ (mzeebr feniTa“), zust analogi-
as samyarosTan mimarTebaSi poulobs areopagitul moZ-
RvrebaSi.
rac Seexeba, saxeldobr, „mzeebr fenas“, es debu-
lebac savsebiT gasagebia. zemoT aRniSnuli gvqonda,
rom neoplatonizmis warmomadgenlebi sawyisisa da sam-
yaros Taviseburad gagebuli mimarTebis „gacxadebis“
mizniT mimarTaven Cveulebriv da Zalian xSirad mzis-
gan wamomaval sxivTa ganfenis analogias. areopagitul
moZRvrebaSi zusti analogia „mzeebr fenasTan“, sadac
mze da mifena azrobrivadaa dakavSirebuli, gamoxatu-

376
lia moZRvrebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi debulebiT, rome-
lic RmerTis samyarosTan mimarTebis sakiTxs exeba da
sadac es mimarTeba aucilebeli saxiT aris moazrebu-
li. rogorc mze aris Tavisi bunebiT „ganmanaTlebeli...
yovelTa“, aseve saxieris (RmerTis) mimarTeba yoveli-
vesTan aris „ganfena“ sikeTisa; msgavsi imisa, rodesac
mze „yovelTa zeda“ Tavis sxivebs (Saravandeds) gana-
fens100.659
m. gogiberiZe erT-erT Tavis sayuradRebo statia-
Si midis daskvnamde, rom „rusTavelis RmerTi renesan-
sis epoqis RmerTia“101.660rusTavelma „Seqmna axali cne-
ba uzenaesi arsebisa“, romelic mxolod erTi niSniT
iyo gansxvavebuli renesansis epoqis RvTaebisgan. es
aris „usasrulobis predikati“ gaformebuli dasav-
leTSi „kuzanelis dialeqtikis saxiT“. „rogorc cno-
bilia, _ ganagrZobs avtori, _ usasrulobis predikati
pirvelad nikoloz kuzanelma (XV s.) miakuTvna
RmerTs. renesansis epoqis es cneba jer kidev ucnobi
iyo rusTavelisaTvis“102.661
rac Seexeba rusTavelisa da kuzanelis mspfl-
mxedvelobaTa ideuri wyaroebis, kerZod, usasrulobi-
sa da dialeqtikis ideis wyaros sakiTxs kerZod kuza-
nelTan, aq m. gogiberiZe jer kidev neoplatonizmis sa-
winaaRmdego pozociaze dgas da am wyaroebs arabul
filosofiaSi xedavs.
neoplatonizmisa da areopagitikis ganxilvis Sem-
deg naTeli unda iyos, rom usasrulobis cneba ekuT-
vnis antikur azrovnebas, kerZod, neoplatonizms da
cnobili iyo kuzanelze bevrad ufro adre. rac mTava-
ria, usasrulos cneba nikolaus kuzanelTan (da, sxva-
Ta Soris, jordano brunosTanc) imave kategoriebiTaa
moazrebuli, romlebiTac neoplatonizmsa da areopagi-
tikaSi. magram ufro mniSvnelovani si aris, rom kiT-
xvaze – saidan momdinareobs kuzanelis Sexedulebani
usasrulebaze, _ pasuxs Tavad kuzaneli iZleva: „amgva-

377
rad, _ vkiTxulobT kuzanelis mTavar TxzulebaSi, _
usasruleba gvaiZulebs Cven mTlianad davZlioT yo-
velgvari dapirispirebani. am principidan SeiZleba ga-
mogveyvana imdeni uaryofiTi WeSmaritebani. rom mTeli
wigni Sedgeboda. ufro metic, yovelgvari Teologia,
romelsac Cven SeiZleba CavwvdeT, gamomdinareobs am
udidesi principidan da ai ratomaa, rom RvTaebriv sa-
ganTa udidesi mkvlevari gamoCenili dionise areopage-
li Tavis „mistikur“ TeologiaSi ambobs, rom sakvirve-
li barTlomeosi saocrad Caswvda Teologias, gamoT-
qva ra azri, rom is aris erTnairad maqsimumi da mini-
mumic.
marTlac visac es esmis, esmis yovelive da aRema-
teba is yovelgvar gonebas. namdvilad, RmerTi, rome-
lic TviTaa maqsimumi, rogorc igive dionise lapara-
kobs amaze Tavis naSromSi „saRmrToTa saxelTaTÂs“,
ar aris upiratesad aseT mimarTebaSi sxvasTan, rome-
lime adgilas ufro didi, vidre sxva adgilas. namdvi-
lad, ramdenadac RmerTi aris yovelive, is aris, ag-
reTve, arara“103.662
es grZeli nawyveti kuzanelis mTavari filosofi-
uri Txzulebidan naTel pasuxs iZleva dasmul kiT-
xvebze. saxeldobr, saidan momdinareobs usasrulos
cneba saerTod da, kerZod kuzanelis naazrevSi. usas-
rulobis cneba neoplatonizmsa da areopagitikaSi igi-
ve srulyofilebis, absoluturi ganxorcielebis, sav-
seobis, ufro sworad, „zeSTa savseobis“ cnebaa; rusTa-
velTan es cneba „yovelTa savsebiT“ aris gamoxatuli
da neoplatonizmisa da areopagitikis usasrulo Sina-
arss Seesabameba.

378
 $7. „siraÁ“

„siraÁs“, rogorc garkveuli cnebis gamomxatvel

termins, didi mniSvneloba aqvs rusTavelis filoso-
fiuri Sexedulebebisa da maTi warmomavlobis garkve-
visaTvis.
sasowarkveTilebis mdgomareobaSi myofi tarieli,
romelsac sicocxlis imedi aRar aqvs, warmoTqvams:

sikvdili maxlavs, damexsen, xansaRa davyof mcirasa:

ar cocxal viyo, ras maqnev, ra davrCe, xelsa mxdi rasa?
damSlian Cemni kavSirni, SevrTvivar sulTa sirasa (885).

n. marma Tavis droze ioane petriws mimarTa uka-

nasknel striqonSi naxmari ori sityvis (kavSirisa da
siras) garkvevis mizniT da unda iTqvas, n. maris, mar-
Tlac, saocari intuicia iyo saWiro, rom sityva „sira-
Si“ (berZ. σειρά) amoekiTxa ara misi Cveulebrivi mniSvne-
loba Zvel berZnul enaSi, aramed is gansakuTrebuli
azri, romelic mas neoplatonizmSi aqvs da ra mniSvne-
lobiTac mas ioane petriwi da, SeiZleba iTqvas, mxo-
lod ioane petriwi iyenebs.
„kavSiri“ Seesatyviseba Zvel berZnul στοιχε‹ον da
niSnavs elements, sawyiss, pirvelsafuZvels, rac Zali-
an kargad iyo cnobili rusTavelis epoqis qarTul az-
rovnebaSi. prokles στοιχείωσις θελογική qarTulad iyo
Targmnili petriwis mier, rogorc „kavSirni RmrTis-
metyuelebiTni“104.663
magram ras niSnavs „siraÁ“?
„vefxistyaosanSi“ sityva „siraÁ“ erTaderTxelaa
gamoyenebuli, rac mis mwignobrul warmomavlobaze
metyvelebs. magram, rogorc Cans, Zvel qarTul mwer-
lobaSi es sityva Zalian iSviaTi unda iyos105.664erTa-
derTi, sadac es sityva Zalian xSirad gvxvdeba, prok-
les xsenebuli Txzulebis Targmani da Tavad petriwis

379
filosofiuri Txzulebaa. misi mniSvnelobis amocnoba
imiT advildeba, rom qarTuli „siraÁ“ zustad Seesaba-
meba berZnul σειρά-s da petriws, es cneba uTargmnelad
gadmoaqvs qarTulSi, imave saxiT, qarTuli dawerilo-
biT da sakuTar filosofiur TxzulebaSic imave mniS-
vnelobiT da imave saxiT xmarobs.
n. marma es faqti iseTi ueWvelobiT daamtkica,
rom amaze kamaTi dRes SeuZlebelia. n. maris dros pet-
riwis Sromebi jer gamocemuli ar iyo. maris mikvleu-
li gza ioane petriwis Sromebis gamoqveynebis Semdeg
(1937, 1940 ww.) msjelobis farTo SesaZleblobas iZle-
va.
rusTavelis „siraÁ-s“ gasarkvevad n. marma petri-
wis Txzulebis xelnaweris Semdegi adgili daimowma:
„xolo arian sirasa Soris TiToeulsa, viTar Rmer-
TTasa, viTar gonebaTasa, viTar sulTasa, viTar buneba-
Tasa, viTar sxeulTasa. vina amaT yovelTa Soris ro-
melnime arian umaxlobels TÂsTa mizezTa da sawado-
Ta, da rmolnime _ uSorieles“106.665
berZnul σειρά Tavdapirveli mniSvnelobiT aRniS-
navs Toks, jaWvs, qamands, borkils. magram misi Sesat-
yvisi laTinuri sityva, garda CamoTvlili Sinaarsisa,
niSnavda ukve gvarsac, rac ufro metad uaxlovdeba
mniSvnelobas, romelic am sityvam neoplatonizmSi mii-
Ro. ioane petriwi, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, am sityvas
did umravles SemTxvevaSi uTargmnelad tovebs, magram
aris ramdenime SemTxveva, sadac is Targmnilia, ro-
gorc „warmonaTxzi“107.666Cans, es Targmani petriwma da-
makmayofileblad ar miiCnia da sxva adgilas man mainc
„siraÁc“ daumata: „naTxzeni siraÁsaÁ“108.667aris SemTxve-
va, rodesac petriws imave sityviT _ „siraÁ“ gadmoaqvs
berZnuli τάξις: „xolo Tu sxuaÁ upirveles (ars), meo-
risad ars igiveobaÁ, iyos raÁve mis siraÁsa? da ar er-
qumodis sxua TÂnier pirvelobisa“109.668

380
 sityva τάξις niSnavs wyobas, mwyobrs, Tanrigs. al.
losevi Targmnis am sityvas, rogorc устроение  an  
порядок.  petriwis mier prokles Txzulebis damowmebu-
li adgilis azri aseTia: „Tu upirvelesi aris gansxva-
vebuli da ara igiveobrivi meorisa, [maSin] raRa iqneba
is am mocemul wyobaSi [TanrigSi]?“ es magaliTebi gvi-
advilebs am mniSvnelovani da neoplatonizmisTvis spe-
cifikuri cnebis garkvevas da adgils, romelic mas
rusTavelis poemaSi aqvs. al. losevs σειρά umravles
SemTxvevaSi gadmoaqvs, rogorc ряд. n. marma Targmna um-
ravles SemTxvevaSi категория . 
n. maris mier damowmebuli adgili ioane petriwis
Txzulebis me-9 Tavidanaa moyvanili da misi azri Sem-
degia: arsis yovel „siraSi“ (rigSi, mwyobrSi), rogo-
ricaa RmerTobrivi, gonieri, sulieri, bunebisebri*††da
sxeulebrivi arsni, zogi yvelaze axlo imyofeba Tavis
mizezTan da miswrafebis saganTan, zogi yvelaze
Sors110.669
SeiZleba iTqvas, am sityvebSi neoplatonizmisa
da, kerZod, petriwis moZRvrebis erT-erTi Tavisebure-
baa gadmocemuli arsis sxvadasxva safexurTa (siraTa)
erTianobis, maTi mTlianobisa da arsis sferoSi da
samyaroSi arsebuli harmoniis TvalsazrisiT. arsis
emanaciis mixedviT, aq warmodgenili safexurebis „si-
raebis“ erTianoba xorcieldeba, rogorc vnaxeT, mona-
wileobisa („ziarebis“) da baZvis safuZvelze, magram
arsis yovel rigs („siras“), erTi sayoveTao mizezis
(pirveli sawyisisa) garda, aqvs Tavisi, am rigiT speci-
fikuri Taviseburebis ganmsazRvreli mizezi, romelic
am rigis mimarT aris TviTkmari da TavisTavadi sawyi-
                                                            
*
buneba, rogorc es Tavis adgilze aRniSnuli iyo, neoplatoni-
kosebTan niSnavda msoflio sulis qveda nawils, romelic maTi
warmodgeniT, uSualod ekvris kosmoss da amitom ufro metadaa
midrekili samyarosken da ufro metad dacilebuli uzenaes saw-
yiss.

381
si. es aris „siraT mTavari“, romelic „emTavrebis da
eRmrTivis“ siraSi gaerTianebul movlenebs da rac
gansazRvravs erTgvarovan movlenaTa erTianobas rige-
bis („siraebis“) SigniT.
„siraT mTavari“ akeTilebs Tavis „daqvemdebare-
bul“ movlenebs da yovelTvis umjobesia maTze. ramde-
nadac, rogorc viciT, yoveli arsi Tavisi mizezisken
miiswrafvis, rogorc Tavisi mamyofelisa da sikeTis
wyarosaken. amdenad yoveli ,,siraT mTavari~ aris „sawa-
doÁ“ siraSi gaerTianebul arsTaTvis, xolo arsi, ro-
gorc mizezis moqmedeba, aris „ukun saqco“. ase miis-
wrafvis da uerTdeba gonieri arsi pirvel gonebas, su-
li-eri arsi pirvle suls da a.S.111670
„sulTa sira“, romelsac tarielis sityviT, misi
individualuri suli unda SeuerTdes, emTxveva Sinaar-
sobrivadac da terminologiuradac petriwis „sirasa...
sulTasa“, sulier movlenaTa rigs, mwyobrs, gvars ka-
tegorias.
rogorc iTqva, yoveli ,,siraT mTavari" aris si-
raSi gaerTianebuli arsis sawyisi da aris TviTkmari,
„TÂT TÂs mier warmodgenili“. magram amiT monizmis
principi ar irRveva da, rogorc petriwi umatebs, es
ar unda gavigoT ise, TiTqos maT saerTo sawyisi ar
hqondaT, uzenaesi mizezisa da pirvelsawyisis saxiT;
pirveli goni warmoqmnilia pirveli erTisgan, pirveli
suli – gonisa da pirveli erTisgan; pirveli buneba –
sulisa da pirveli erTisgan; da pirveli sxeuli – bu-
nebisa da pirveli erTisgan112.671.
erTi paraleli kidev: neoplatonizmSi dabali
rangis movlenaTa miswrafeba, ukudabruneba da sawyis-
Tan SeerTeba garkveuli kanonzomierebiT xdeba. es
aris swrafva da SeerTeba zeviT, ufro srulyofilisa
da „umjobesisken“. rusTavelTan daculia es kanonzo-
mierebac.

382
 „vefxistyaosanSi“ aris kidev erTi adgili, sadac
laparakia arsis „mwyobrTa wyobaze“ da masTan adamia-
nis SerTvaze. am striqonis nawili zemoT ganvixileT
adamianis moqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT. moviyvanoT
strofi ufro vrclad:
me rad gavwiro moyvare, Zma umtkicesi Zmobisa?
ara viqm, codna ras margebs filosofosT brZno-
bisa,
miT viswavlebdiT, mogveces SerTva zesT mwyob-
rTa mwyobrisa (792).
aq SeerTebis sagani ukve garkveulia, rogorc
„zesTa“ safexuri; SeerTeba igive sityviT _ „SerTviT“
aris gamoxatuli da. rac, mTavaria, berZnul „siras“
iseTi qarTuli Sesatyvisi aqvs moZebnili („wyoba“), ro-
melic mis pirdapir azrsac gamoxatavs da Sesatyvise-
baSi „mwyobrTa wyoba” – arsis mowesrigebulebis idea-
sac.
„mwyobri“ erTxelaa naxmari „vefxistyaosanSi“ da
es faqtic mis mwignobriv warmomavlobaze miuTiTebs.
erTxelaa naxmari „wyobac“ am specifikuri mniSvnelo-
biT. rogor unda iyos es mwignobruli warmomavloba
ufro konkretulad, amaze nawilobriv pasuxs iZleva
Tavad rusTaveli. adamiani zeda sirasTan SeerTebas
codnas, poetis azriT, filosofiuri sibrZne („filo-
sofosTa brZnoba“) iZleva. magram rusTaveli mxolod
sibrZnes ar Tvlis sakmarisad da adamianebs mouwodebs
moqmedebisken.
es faqti amdidrebs „zesT mwyobTa wyobasTan Ser-
Tvis“ Sinaars da mas, garda gnoseologoiuri da onto-
logiuri Sinaarsisa, aniWebs eTikur mniSvnelobasac.
zneobrivi amaRlebisaTvis saWiroa Sesaferisi, cxadia,
moqmedebac. es ududesi mniSvnelobis azri SemTxveviT
ar aris konteqstSi dakavSirebuli moyvris, „Zmaze um-
tkicesi Zmis“, xsnis aRTqmasTan.

383
 „zesT mwyobrTa wyobasTan SerTvis“ ideur warmo-
mavlobaze da mis filosofiur Zirebze igive unda iT-
qvas, rac „siraze“ iTqva. gamoTqmebi „wyoba“ da „mwyob-
ri“ xSirad gvxvdeba ioane petriwTan113.672aseve „zesTa“,
rac, SeiZleba iTqvas, niSandoblivi terminia masTan,
gansxvavebiT, mag., efrem mcires „zeSTasgan“, _ areopa-
gitul moZRvrebaSi igive cnebis gamomxatveli termi-
nisgan. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa Sesityveba „mwyob-
ri siraÁsaÁ“, rac pirdapir miuTiTebs am cnebis kav-
Sirzec „sirasTan“ da mis petriwiseul warmomavloba-
zec: „yovelTa sworebiT iyos mizez siraÁsaTa, da yo-
velTa unaTlebdes viTar TÂsagamoTa, xolo gaTÂTebu-
li Soris mwyobrTa saraÁsasa ara yovelTad warmod-
gomila“; „xolo warmoqmnaÁ yoveli mwyobrsa Soris si-
raÁsasa sxuÀ [sxvaa] SobiTisa mizezisgan“114.673

$8. RmerTi, rogorc sikeTis wyaro.

sikeTis monizmi

rusTaveli rom icnobda neoplatonizms, petriwis

Txzulebas da fsevdo-dionises moZRvrebas, es dRes ar
SeiZleba iwvevdes eWvs. jer kidev n. marma daasabuTa
es faqti Sinaarseuli, teqstobrivi da terminologiu-
ri paralelebiT neoplatonizmis erT-erTi mniSvnelo-
vani da sayuradRebo cnebis „siras“ magaliTze. magram,
rom aRaraferi iTqvas S. nucubiZis mravalricxovan ga-
mokvlevebze, rusTavelis Sexedulebani sikeTeze da
„brZeni divnosis“ damowmeba poemaSi sikeTis warmomav-
lobasa da borotebis ararealobis sakiTxze, iseTi
ueWvelobiT adasturebs mWidro ideur kavSirs fsevdo-
dionisesa da rusTavels Soris, rom yovelgvari „Zie-
bani“ sxva mimarTulebiT an gaugebrobaze SeiZleba
iyos damyarebuli, anda winaswar SemuSavebuli pozici-

384
is „Seuryevlobaze“. rasac, albaT, safuZveli aqvs, mag-
ram ara obieqturi.
„vefxistyaosanis“ erT-erTi ZiriTadi idea – sike-
Tis borotebaze gamarjvebaa. amaze iyo naTqvami zemoT.
naTqvami iyo isic, am ideis mxatruli gansaxierebisken
aris mimarTuli poemis siuJeturi ganviTareba. rusTa-
veli rom Semofargluliyo mxolod mxatruli gansa-
xierebis xerxebiT, mxolod „CvenebiT“ _ am ideis amo-
kiTxva SesaZlebeli iqneboda mTeli poemis, rogorc
mTliani mxatvruli tilos gaTvaliswinebis safuZvel-
ze. sayuradReboa, rom rusTaveli ar ifargleba mxo-
lod poeturi Semoqmedebis saSualebebiT. igi cdi-
lobs uCvenos mkiTxvels ara mxolod is, rom sikeTe
imarjvebs borotebze; is cdilobs gaarkvios – ratom
imarjvebs sikeTe. es ukve filosofiuri azrovnebis
amocanaa da misi gadawyveta aniWebs am SesaniSnav ideas
aucileblobas, obieqtur gamarTlebas da aZlierebs
poemis optimistur mniSvnelobas. am amocanis Sesrule-
bisTvis ki „saxeebiT azrovnebis“ farglebi sakmarisi
aRaraa.
„borotsa sZlia keTilman, _ arseba misi grZe-
lia“! (1361). warmosTqvams avTandili, rodesac nestan-
darejanis weriliT tarielTan brundeba da nestanis
qajeTis cixidan gamoxsna ukve moaxloebulia.
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT epoqis saazrovno da, ker-
Zod, filosofiur viTarebas, SoTa rusTavelis filo-
sofiur memkvidreobasa da garemos, mis winaSe, mas Sem-
deg rac sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTebis sakiTxi fi-
losofiuri moazrebis simaRlemde aiyvana, problemaTa
mTeli rigi unda wamoWriliyo. sikeTis mxriv borote-
bis Zleva TavisTavad warmoadgenda problemas, rom-
lis dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi gadawyveta damokidebu-
lia sikeTisa da borotebis arsebis moazrebaze, maTi
mimarTebis garkvevaze.

385
 sikeTe, neoplatonizmis mixedviT, pirveli sawyi-
sis ZiriTadi gansazRvrebaa. aseTive viTarebaa areopa-
gitul moZRvrebaSi da ioane petriwTan. prokles Sexe-
dulebiT sikeTe igive pirvel sawyisia: „yovelTa myof-
Ta dasabami da mizezi uupiratesi keTilobaÁ ars“; „yo-
veli keTilobaÁ maerTebeli ars mziarebelTa misTa,
da yoveli erTobaÁ [ars]“115.674sikeTe, rogorc gansaz-
Rvreba, yvelaze metad uaxlovdeba mis wvdomas da yve-
laze metad gamoxatavs mis arsebas. pirvelmizezis mi-
marTeba samyarosadmi, pirvel yovlisa, sikeTis mimar-
Tebaa, romelic pirvelmizezis arsebidan gamomdinare-
obs da samyaroze, pirvelyovlisa, sikeTes avrcelebs.
areopagituli moZRvrebis mixedviT, „viTarca arsebiTi
saxierebaÁ (sikeTe – S.x.) yovelTa arsTa zeda igi gan-
hfens saxierebiT“116.675
petriwis sityviT, pirveli da sayovelTao mizezi,
rogorc „yovelTagan zesTmdebare igi ucnauri erTi
keTilobai“, gardaefineba, rogorc vnaxeT, „yovelsa
zeda xilulsa“ da nawildeba („ganawilebuli“) mTel
arsSi („myofTa Soris“). araferi rCeba, rac RvTaebriv-
ma sikeTem ar „gaakeTilos“ da Tavisi madli ar uwila-
dos.
pirveli sawyisis gansazRvrebaTa sakiTxs rom
aRar davubrundeT, aRvniSnoT, rom am gansazRvrebaTa
Soris sikeTis (saxieris) gverdiT gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba mSvenierebas eniWeba. pirveli mizezis, ro-
gorc sikeTis, mimarTeba samyarosadmi, Tu samyaros
eTikur Rirebulebas da mniSvnelobas aZlevs, misi mi-
marTeba, rogorc mSvenierebisa, samyaros esTetikur Ri-
rebulebas gansazRvravs. maTi mniSvneloba TiTqmis Ta-
nabaria: „igive ars da erT, _ wers fsevdo-dionise, _
saxierisaTÂs keTil saxeldebaÁca“117,676rac efrem mci-
res termonologiiT niSnavs: erTi da igivea, RmerTs
sikeTes uwodeb Tu mSvenierebas!

386
 rusTavelisTvis, rogorc mxatvruli sityvis war-
momadgenelisTvis, mSvenierebis kategorias gansakuTre-
buli mniSvneloba unda hqonoda da, rogorc vnaxeT, di-
di adgili uWiravs mis mxatrul msoflmxedvelobaSi.
sikeTis borotebaze gamarjvebis safuZveli pirve-
lis namdvilobaa, misi maradiuloba, misi substanciu-
ri arseboba da, meore mxriv, borotebis, piriqiT, Sem-
TxveviToba, drouloba, aqcidenciuri arseboba. sikeTe
TavisTavad arsia, „myofia“; boroteba TavisTavad ar
arsebobs, „umyofoa“: „Tqves borotsa: „umyofoo“ (1508).
sikeTis „arseba grZelia“ (1361), RmerTi „kargsa xan-
grZlad gaakvladebs“ (1491) da sxv. borotebis sfero
droulobaa: „vcan simokle borotisa“ (1434), RmerTi
„avsa wam-erT Seamoklebs“.
rac Seexeba rusTavelis sikeTeze gamoTqmul Se-
xedulebaTa ideur wyaros, SeiZleba iTqvas, aq saqme
gvaqvs „bednier SemTxvevasTan“, rodesac mas Tavad
rusTaveli asaxelebs da gvaZlevs gasaRebs misi filo-
sofiuri msoflmxedvelobis wyaroebis sakiTxis amox-
snisTvis:
am saqmesa dafarulsa brZeni divnos gaacxadebs:
RmerTi kargsa moavlinebs da borotsa ar daba-
debs,
avsa wam-erT Seamoklebs, kargsa xangrZlad gaak-
vladebs,
Tavs massa ukeTessa uzado hyofs, ar azadebs
(1491).
sityva „uzado“ erTxelaa gamoyenebuli rusTave-
lis poemaSi, msgavsad „siraÁsa“ da „baZvisa“, es garemo-
eba am sityvis mwignobrul warmomavlobaze miuTiTebs.
aRvniSnavT imasac, rom, mag., petriwTan es sityva Cveu-
lebrivia, Seesatyviseba berZnul ε„λικρ…νής da gamoxa-
tavs ontologiurad amaRlebulsa da sawyisis erT-
erT garkveulobas: „uzadoi erTi“; „...raÁca amaTi Tan
misdva erTsa, dagikninebia da arRara gaqus uzadoÁ er-

387
Ti“118.677Semdeg: „xat ukue erTisa uzadoÁ pirveli gone-
baÁ da mxolobaÁ [monada] gonebaTaÁ. vinaÁ nawilTa ara
erT, xolo viTar mxoloÁ gonebaTaÁ erT xat erTisa“;
„rameTu niadag moqmedebs, viTar uzadoni xatni da
aRalmani mis erTisani“; „da yoveli uwynin [ician], mag-
ra viTar RmerTTa da erTTa, da uzadoTa xatTa misT
zesT RmrTisaTa da zesT erTisaTa“119.678
igive azri aqvs am sityvas rusTavelis citire-
bul strofSi. „kargi“ zogadad SeiZleba ewodos yo-
vel empiriul movlenas, „uzado“ ewodeba „ukeTess“,
kargs mis amRlebul formaSi, kargis „Tavs“, mis saw-
yiss.
neoplatonizmis gavlena rusTavelze am SemTxve-
vaSi imdenad naTelia, rom am faqtis aRiareba aucile-
beli gaxda, rogorc vnaxeT, mkvlevrisTvis, romelic
„vefxistyaosanSi“ am moZRvrebis yovelgvar klavs uar-
yofda. neoplatonizmis gavlenis dasabuTebis mizniT
poemis am striqons imowmebdnen („RmerTi kargsa moav-
linebs da borotsa ar dabadebs“), magram amave stro-
fis wina striqonis „brZeni divnosis“ ugulebelyofa
ar iZleoda saSualebas kiTxvaze ufro konkretuli pa-
suxi gaecaT da es idea poemaSi mxolod „ioane petri-
wis xeliT mowodebul“ Sexedulebad ar CaeTvalaT. ra
Tqnma unda, petriwis gavlena rusTavelze saerTod yo-
velgvar eWvs gareSea, magram sikeTis sakiTxSi, Tu
TviT rusTavelis mowmobas daveyrdnobiT, rogorc amas
sxva mkvlevrebi akeTebdnen, aq dionises, ufro zustad,
fsevdo-dionises dasaxeleba ufro swori unda yofi-
liyo.
rusTavelis poemaSi asaxuli Tvalsazrisi cnobi-
lia, rogorc sikeTis monizmi. am moZRvrebam Tavisi
dasrulebuli saxe neoplatonikos proklesTan miiRo
da misgan areopagitul moZRvrebaSi gadavida. ideuri
kanSiri da siaxlove am sakiTxSi proklesa da fsevdo-
dionises Soris da fsevdo-dionises damokidebuleba

388
proklesgan naTladaa garkveuli mecnierebaSi. am gare-
moebam sabolood daadastura, rom areopagituli kor-
pusis avtors ar SeiZleboda prokleze adre ecxovra
da maSasadame, ar SeiZleboda is I saukunis moRvawe di-
onise areopageli yofiliyo120.679
sikeTis monizmis mixedviT, namdvili, substanciu-
ri arseboba mxolod sikeTes aqvs. boroteba, fsevdo-
dionises sityviT, „ara ars ars“. sikeTe aris aseve pi-
roba arsebobisa. „qmna arsisa“ sikeTisgan gamomdinare-
obs; yovelive, rac aris, sikeTisgan aris da is, rac
mTlad moklebulia sikeTes, rac sikeTeSi sruliad ar
monawileobs, is arc arsebobs: „yovlad unawiloÁ ke-
Tilisagan arca iyos, arca ars, arca arsTa Soris
ars“,  „ukue Tu yovliTurT mospo keTili, arca arseba
iyos, arca cxovreba, arca survili, arca Zrva, arca
sxuaÁ arca erTi raÁ“121.680
rac Seexeba borotebas da pasuxs kiTxvaze _ „raÁ
ars siborote? da romlisa dasabamisa dabadebul ars?
da viTar saxierman ineba dabadebaÁ misi?“, prokles,
fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da rusTavelis mixedviT,
„borotebas ara aqvs dasabami da mxolod erTi – sike-
Te SeiZleba iyos; rogor SeiZleba man „inebos“ Tavisi
sapirispiros „dabadebaÁ”; saxiers (sikeTes) „ara… et-
yvis dabadebaÁ usaxirisaÁ“; „ara RmerTisa mier ars bo-
roti“122.681
rusTavelis poemis mixedviT:
borotimca rad Seeqmna keTilisa Semoqmedsa? (114).
RmerTi kargsa moavlinebs da borotsa ar daba-
debs (1491).
ramdenadac sikeTea substanciuri, amdenad boro-
tebis aRiareba, rogorc arsisa, SeiZleboda mxolod
dualisturi poziciidan – Tu or dasabams, or mizezs
davuSvebT da miviRebdiT Sexedulebas, rom sikeTe da
boroteba „sxvisa da sxvisa dasabamisa mizezisagan iy-
vnen“123.682magram dualizmi ewinaaRmdegeba, fsevdo-dio-

389
nises sityviT, TviT dasabamis cnebas. „orobaÁ“ Tavis-
Tavad gulisxmobs erTs, rogorc „orobis“ safuZvelsa
da dasabams; xolo erTidan oris dapirispirebuli „ga-
mosvla“ saerTod „ujero ars“. ori dasabamis aRiareba
ewinaaRmdegeba dasabamis, pirvel mizezis sisrules,
mis absoluturobas da „uvneblobas“; ewinaaRmdegeba
wersrigsa da harmonias samyaroSi. ori dasabami piro-
bis qveS samyaro iqneboda „uweso da maradis
mbrZol“124;683iqneboda uwesrigobisa da maradiulobis
brZolis asparezi sikeTesa da borotebas Soris. orive
dasabami iqneboda „uvnebeli“, rac gamoricxavs erT-er-
Ti maTganis mier meoris, rusTavelis sityviT rom
vTqvaT, „Zlevas“.
fsevdo-dionise vrclad exeba borotebis sakiTxs
ierarqiulad agebuli arsis yovel calkeul safexur-
ze da gamoricxavs mis realobas mTeli arsis manZil-
ze da yvela mis movlenebSi. ufro metic, winaaRmdeg
plotinesia, romelic xSirad borotebas materias mia-
werda, da Tanaxmad prokles Sexedulebebisa, romelTa-
nac Zalian axloa fsevdo-dionise, uaryofs borotebas
materiaSic: „aramed arcaRa mraval-gansmenilsa mas niv-
Tsa Sina ars boroti“ da imitom, rom mas aqvs „sikTisa
da Semkobisa da saxovanebisa~ (keTilsaxovnebis) mim-
Reblobis unari.
SoTa rusTavelis filosofiuri msoflmxedvelo-
bis CamoyalibebaSi, araopagitul moZRvrebasTan erTad,
sakmaod didi roli petriwma Seasrula. amgvari viTa-
rebaa sikeTisa da borotebis sakiTxSic. petriwis sit-
yviT, borotebas ara aqvs substanciuri arseboba, is
„uarsobaa“125.684analogiuria rusTavelis Sexeduleba:
Tqves borotsa: „umyofoo, keTrilnia SenTvis mza-
ni“ (1508).
vcan simokle borotisa, keTilia misi grZeli
(1434).

390
 magram warmodgenili debulebebi ar niSnavs, rom
araeopagituli moZRvrebisa da rusTavelis mixedviT,
borotebas ara aqvs ramenairi – empiriuli da aqciden-
ciuri arseboba. ase rom yofiliyo, uazroba iqneboda
borotebis daZlevisken mimarTuli moqmedeba iseve, ro-
gorc uazroba iqneboda es moqmedeba, boroteba rom
substanciuri yofiliyo.
ras warmoadgens boroteba mis aqcidenciur arse-
bobaSi? pasuxi am kiTxvaze dafuZnebulia neoplatonur
da areopagitul Sexedulebaze arsis, rogorc ierarqi-
ulad ganlagebul safexurTa erTianobaze; rusTave-
lis sityviT, arsis, rogorc „mwyobrTa wyobis siras“
warmodgenaze:
ar viqm, codna ras margebs filosofosTa brZno-
bisa,
miT viswavlebdiT, mogveces SerTva zesT mwyob-
rTa mwyobrisa (792).
ar cocxal viyo, ras maqnev. ra davrCe, xelsa
mxdi rasa?
damSlian Cemni kavSirni, SevrTvivar sulTa sira-
sa (885).
amdenad, kiTxvis mocemuli gadawyveta gasagebi
xdeba moZRvrebis am Taviseburebis gaTvaliswinebis sa-
fuZvelze.
arsis pirveli mizezidan gamomdinareoba neopla-
tonizmSi klebas warmodgens, klebas rogorc ontolo-
giuri, esTetikuri, agreTve, eTikuri TvalsazrisiT.
perveli mizezis sikeTe „yvelgan mimwevnelia“ da arsis
yvela safexuramde aRwevs: umaRlesi movlenebidan da-
bali („udaresi“) da „ukanaskneli“ safexuris CaTvliT.
magram samyaros sxvadasxva rangis movlenebi, sxvadas-
xva „manZiliT“ aris dacilebuli sikeTisgan da maTi
„mimReblobis“ unaric amiT aris gansazRruli. amis Se-
sabamisad sxvadasxvaa maTSi sekeTis „odenoba“ iseve,
rogorc sxvadasxvaa mzis sxivis Zala mzisgan sxvadas-

391
xva manZiliT dacilebul sagnebSi; sxvadasxvaa maTi
monawileobis (ziarebis) „xarisxi“ pirvelmizezsa da
sikeTeSi.
es kleba, es „usasruloba keTilisa“, „ganSoreba
keTilisa“ aris boroteba mis empiriul arsebobaSi.
amitom boorotebis gansazRvreba araopagituli moZ-
Rvrebis avtoris mier, rogorc vnaxeT, SeiZleba mxo-
lod uaryofiTi predikatebiT: umizezoba, uarsoba,
umiznoba, ukeTuroba, usicocxloba, ugonoba da a.S.,
sadac yoveli am gansazRvrebis sapirispiro dadebiTi
forma sikeTes gamoxatavs.
rac Seexeba borotebas, rogorc sikeTis sapiris-
piro kategorias adamianur moqmedebaSi, da ara mis on-
tologiur sazriss, _ es aris adamianSi misi sulis
sikeTis klebiT gamowveuli moZraoba survilebis gan-
xorcielebis „qmnis“ gzaze, rodesac es survilebi sam-
yaros wesrigis winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli.
rogorc zemoT iyo naTqvami, gangebisa da adamia-
nuri moqmedebis sakiTxi dakavSirebulia absolutis
gangebulebasa da nebis Tavisuflebis zogad proble-
masTan. es problema gadauwyvetelia Sua saukuneebis
azrovnebis pirobebSi, radgan „RmerTis cneba moiTxovs
upirobo nebelobas, xolo upirobo nebeloba winaswa-
ri gansazRvrulobis iseT cnebas, romelic gamoric-
xavs adamianur Tavisuflebas. magram Tavisuflebis ga-
reSe ar arsebobs codva, ar arsebobs xsnis moTxovni-
leba, xolo am ukanasknelis gareSe ar arsebobs gamox-
sna“126.685
rusTavelTan es problema Taviseburad dgas, is
faqtobrivad aerTianebda adamainis bedis gansazRvru-
lobas gangebisgan da adamianis mizanswaraful moqme-
debas. magram es gaerTianeba ar aris mxolod cxovre-
biseuli dakvirvebiT nakarnaxevi Sexeduleba. mas gar-
kveuli filosofiuri dasabuTeba aqvs da amaSia prob-
lemis gadawyvetis mniSvneloba.

392
 filosofiuri moZRvreba, romelic rusTavelis
Sexedulebas udevs safuZvlad, _ igive neoplatoniz-
mia, RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis principi da, ker-
Zod, Sexedulebani sikeTeze, mis substanciur arsebo-
baze.
RmerTi, rogorc vnaxeT, pirvelyovlisa, sikeTea,
xolo RmerTisadmi swrafva – sikeTisken swrafvaa. ama-
ve dros, misken swrafva mTeli arsis da, maT Soris,
adamianisTvis damaxasiaTebeli da „bunebrivi“ mdgoma-
reobaa. pirveli sawyisisadmi mTeli arsi miiswrafvis,
petriwis sityviT – mTeli arsia „atrfialebuli“ pir-
veli sawyisisadmi da adamiani am sayovelTao kanonzo-
mierebaSia CarTuli. adamianis sikeTisadmi swrafva da
amiT gansazRvruli moqmedeba aris, amave dros, sayo-
velTao kanonzomierebis gamovlena, kerZod, adamianSi.
adamiani, rodesac misi moqmedeba sikeTis moqmede-
bisken aris mimarTuli, am kanozomierebaSia CarTuli.
sakiTxis amgvari gadawyvetiT ixsneba winaaRmdegoba
fatalizmsa da subieqtur moqmedebas Soris; subieqtu-
ri emTxveva obieqturs, adamianis moqmedeba-gangebule-
bas.
aqedan gamomdinareobs kidev erTi eTikurad mniS-
vnelovani Sedegi: mxolod adamianis iseTi swrafvaa
ganxorcielebadi, romelic sikeTisaken aris mimarTu-
li. sikeTisTvis brZola realuria da miRwevadi. boro-
teba droebiTia, SemTxveviTia da warmavali. SemTxvevi-
Tia adamianis swrafva borotebisken.
 

 
 
 
 

393
 danarTi 1

ivane javaxiSvili
zneobrivi moZRvrebis istoria
saqarTveloSi.*qvelmoqmedeba da
saqvelmoqmedo dawasebulebani
karga xania, rac saqarTveloSi diadma moZraobam
iCina Tavi. jer kidev am Txumeti wlis winaT cxadad
etyoboda, rom Cveni xalxis winandeli azrovneba irye-
oda da xalxSi axali mimarTuleba vrceldeboda; es
moZraoba da Zveleburi Sexedulebis Seryeva qarTveli
eris ekonomikur ganwyobilebasac Seexo, mis zneobriv
da gonebriv avladidebasac. axla aravisTvis saidumlo
ar aris, rom mravali saukunis ganmavlobaSi mxurvale
da wrfeli sasoebis patronma qarTvelma xalxma ekle-
sias zurgi Seaqcia da sruli gulgriloba gamoiCina:
xalxs aRar akmayofilebs winandeli, mamapapuri rwmena
da zogan srulma urwmunoebam moikida fexi. zogan ki-
dev egreT wodebuli racionaluri mimarTulebaa game-
febuli. swored bednieria is ganaTlebuli wreebi
xalxisa, romelTac SeuZliaT am diadi moZraobis sa-
TaveSi Cadgnen da swore, gonier da nayofier gzaze
daayenon igi. xalxs xom TavisTavad gzis gagneba ar
SeuZlia. igi grZnobs mxolod, rom winandeli wesi ax-
la gamoudegaria, magram ra cvlileba unda moxdes da
rogor, _ amis gamorkvevis Zal-Rone mas ara aqvs. sar-
wmuneobrivi da zneobrivi Sexedulebis Secvla da gas-
woreba, romelsac mravali saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi
Tavisi mdidari mwerloba, ganviTarebuli dogmaturi
da saeklesio wyobileba aqvs Seqmnili, Zalian Zneli
da rTuli saqmea. TiToeul sarwmuneobriv zneobriv
Sexedulebasa da dawesebulebas Tavisi warsuli da

394
mniSvneloba hqonda. ganaTlebul wreebis movaleobaa,
Seignon mniSvneloba TiToeuli amgvari dawesebulebi-
sa da gamoarkvion, akmayofilebs igi Tanamedrove mniS-
vnelobas Tu ara?
CvenSi ki erT mxares hgonia, viTomc wirva-locvis
gamSveniereba da qadagebis SemoReba aCerebdes urwmuno-
ebisa da eklesiisadmi gulgrilobis gavrcelebas, meo-
re mxare kidev darwmunebulia, viTomc sakmarisia,
xalxs CaagonoT, _ mRvdeli da xati rad gvindao, rom
racionalurma mimrTulebam marTla gaimarjvos. orive
mxare Semcdaria imitom, rom garegnoba Sinaarsad miaC-
niaT da zedapiruli saSualebiT surT did saqmes win
gauZRven. winadac yovelTvis da yovelgan ase yofila,
rom eris moZraobisaTvis garkveuli mimarTuleba ganaT-
lebul wreebs miuniWebiaT; aseve unda iyos CvenSiac.
am werilis avtors surda Seeswavla, Tu ra zne-
obriv niadagze iyo damyarebuli saqarTveloSi qvel-
moqmedeba, vis hqonda zneobrivi ufleba qvelmoqmede-
biT ecxovra, ra mizezis gamo exmareba qonebrivad qar-
Tveli eri samRvdeloebasa da monaznebs, rogor Seic-
vala TandaTan monaznebis ori umTavresi aRTqma da
rogor gadagvarda igi; dasasrul, ra da ra saqvelmoq-
medo dawesebuleba arsebobda Zvel saqarTveloSi da
vin iyvnen maTi damaarsebelni. avtors surda mkiTxve-
lisaTvis naTlad warmoedgina zneobrivi da sazogado-
ebrivi Sexedulebani, romelzedac damyarebuli iyo
qvelmoqmedeba da saqvelmomedo dawesebulebani saqar-
TveloSi. dasavleT evropis samecniero mwerlobaSi,
metadre saeklesio istoriis mkvlevarTa Soris, erTi
cru azri aris gavrcelebuli, viTomc aRmosavleTis
qristian xalxTa zneobrivi moZRvreba mraval saukune-
Ta ganmavlobaSi Seucvleli, srulebiT gaqvavebuli
yofiliyos. Cven davinaxeT, rom aRmosavleTSiac, gansa-
kuTrebiT saqarTveloSi zneobrivi moZRvreba imnairad-
ve icvleboda da sxvaferdeboda, rogorc dasavleT ev-

395
ropis qveynebSi, rom saqarTveloSiac ibrZoda xalxi
zneobrivi Sexedulebis warmatebis gulisTvis.
qarTveli xalxis ZiriTadi zneobrivi Sexeduleba
saxarebis moZRvrebaze iyo damyarebuli, xolo saxare-
bis zneobrivi ideali imaSi mdgomareobda, rom adamia-
ni iseTive spetaki da unaklo yofiliyo, viTarca mama
zecieri, da dauSreteli siyvaruliT da saTnoebiT
mopyroboda Tavis moyvass, metadre uZlursa da gla-
xaks; mSiers, mwyurvals, SiSvels, sneulsa da sxv. (ma-
Te, XXV, 35,40). saxarebidan Cans, rom qristes umTavres
zneobriv mcnebas qvelmoqmedeba Seadgenda. mere vin Ca-
iTvleboda glaxakad, _ yvela mSier-mwyurvalisaTvis
unda mieca kacs qvelis saqmari Tu ara? saxarebaSi,
ramdenadac maxsovs, amis Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami,
mxolod pavle mociqulis meore epistoleSi Tesalo-
nikelTa mimarT erTi winadadeba moipoveba, romelic
swored am sakiTxze gvaZlevs pasuxs. „raJams igi viyav
TqvenTana, _ swers dauRalavi mociquli, - masave gam-
cnebdi Tquen, viTarmed ukeTu visme ara unebs saqmis,
nuca hsWamn, rameTu mesmis vieTTvisme, romelni iqcevi-
an Tquen Soris uwesod: ara ras iqmen, aramed mimoiwu-
lilven ise viTarca ukuÀ maT. vamcnebT da vlocavT
uflisa Cuenisa mier ieso qristesa, raTa myudroebiT
hSureboden TÂssa pursa hsWamden“.
pavles sityvebidan Cans, rom yvelas visac ki
Sroma da muSaoba SeeZlo, movale iyo emuSavna da ise
gamoekveba Tavisi Tavi, maSasadame, im pirebs, romel-
Tac maTxovroba xelobaT aqvT arCeuli da maTxovro-
biT cxovrobdnen, araviTari zneobrivi ufleba ara
aqvT qvelmoqmedebis imedi hqondeT, imitom rom „ukeTu
visme ara unebs saqmis, nuca hsWamn“.
daxmarebis Rirsi iyo mxolod uZluri, sneuli an
bunebiT naklis patroni. am jgufis garda qvelmoqmede-
bis miRebis zneobrivi ufleba im pirebs hqondaT, ro-
melnic, Tundac sindisierad Sromobdnen, welebze fe-

396
xebs idgamdnen, magram mainc xelmokled, Raribad iyve-
nen wvrilSvilebis gamo, an ara da qadageba da moZ-
Rvreba qristianeTa krebulSi imden dros arTmevdaT,
rom lukma puris saSovnelad muSaobisaTvis mocaleo-
ba aRara hqondaT. TviT iesom amcno Tavis mowafeebs,
rom mqadagebelsa da maxarobels zneobrivi ufleba
aqvT daxmarebis miRebis, marTalia, moZRvarma aukrZala
Tavis mowafeebs, rom qadagebaSi raime safasi gamoer-
TmiaT, magram daavala nu waiRebT, _ „nuca vaSkaransa
gzasa zeda, nuca orsa samoselsa, nuca xamlTa, nuca
kuerTxsa, rameTu Rirs ars muSaki sasyidlisa Tvisisa“
(maTe, X, 10).
luka maxarobels ufro vrclad da ukeTesad aqvs
moyvanili iesos es sityva: „masve saxlsa Sina iyueniT.
hsWamdiT da hsuemdiT maT Tana, rameTu Rirs ars muSa-
ki sasyidlisa Tvisisa“ (luka, X, 7). amnairsave mcnebas
misdevdnen mociqulebis dros, mxolod pavle moci-
qulma Secvala cota es Cveuleba „ara uwyiTa, _ hkiT-
xavs igi korinTelT, _ rameTu romelni igi baginsa
hmsaxureben, baginisagan hsWamian? da romelni sakur-
Txevelsa winaSe hsdganed, sakurTxevelisagan nawili
ganiRian? egreca ufalman hbrZana, romelni igi saxare-
basa miuTxroben, saxarebisagan cxovrebaÁ, xolo me
araÁ, ra vixmie amaTgani“ (a. korinTelTa, IX, 13-15).
pavles erT sxva Tavis epistoleSi moyvanili aqvs
is mosazreba, romlis gamoisobiTac mas ar surda, rom
sxvisgan gamosakvebi aeRo. „Tqven uwyiT, _ ambobs igi, _
viTar igi Rirs baZvad Cuenda, rameTu ara raÁ ujero
vhyavT TqunÀ Soris, da arcaRa cudad puri visganme
vhsWameT, aramed SromiTa da rudunebiTa Rame da dRe
viqmodiT, raTa aravis TquÀngansa daumZimoT... rameTu
raJams igi viyav TquÀnTana, amasve gamcnebdi Tqven, vi-
Tarmed ukeTu visme ara unebs saqmis, nuca hsWamn“ (b.
TesalonikelTa, III, 7 – 10).

397
 pavles am ori sityvidan SeiZleba adamianma daina-
xos, rom dauRalav mociquls ar undoda „saxarebisa-
gan cxovrebaÁ“, e.i. qadagebis gamo sasyideli aeRo
xalxisgan erTi mxriv imitom, raTa aravis „daumZimo-
To“, aravin Sevawuxoo, _ es rasakvirvelia, piradi zne-
obrivi mosazrebaa; meore mxriv, imis gamo, rom „ukeTu
vismes ara hnebavs saqmis gakeTeba da muSaoba, ufleba
ara aqvs, rom lukma puri Wamoso“, _ es rasakvirvelia,
obieqturi, zogadi zneobrivi mcnebaa.
marTlac, roca pavle qadagebisagan moiclida
xolme, maSinve Tavis xelobas Seudgeboda da karvebs
akeTebda xolme; aki amitom SeeZlo mas mitelinelTa
mimarT Tamamad eTqva: „TquÀn TviT uwyiT, rameTu sax-
sarsa mas Cemsa da romelni iyunes CemTana xelni ese
Cemni msaxurebdeso“ (saqme mociqulTa, XX, 34).
amgvarad, Tumca pavle mociquli im azris iyo,
rom mqadagebelsa da moZRvars ufleba hqonoda krebu-
lisa an samwyosagan sasyideli da daxmareba mieRo,
magram piradad mas ukeTesad miaCnda, rom samRvdeloe-
bas usasyidlod da uangarod emsaxurna samwysosaTvis;
maSasadame, mwyems mxolod gansakuTrebuli gaWirvebis
dros unda miemarTna krebulisaTvis. kvipriane episko-
posis (III sauk.) werilebidan Cans, rom uZveles xanaSi,
qristianobis pirveli saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi, swo-
red am mcnebas misdevdnen da mwyemsni cdilobdnen Ta-
vianTi SromiT gamoekvebaT TavianTi Tavi. amitom TiT-
qmis yvelafers, rasac-ki morwmuneni swiravdnen xolme
krebuls saqvelmoqmedod, gansakuTrebiT Rarib-Rataksa
da glaxaks axmardnen xolme.
magram TandaTan saqmis mdgomareoba icvleboda;
mRvdlebsa da diakvnebs imdeni saqme daawvaT Tavze,
roca qristianoba sayovelTaod gavrcelda da neba-
darTul sarwmuneobad iqna aRiarebuli, rom lukma pu-
ris saSovnelad aRar scalodaT da xelobisaTvis Tavi
unda daenebebinaT. amis gamo TandaTan samRvdeloeba

398
iZulebuli gaxda samwymsos qvelmoqmedebisaTvis mie-
marTa da iqidan mieRo sasyideli da gamosakvebi. maSin
SemoiRes glaxakebisa da samRvdeloebis siebis Sedgena
da am siebis mixedviT, romlebsac laTinurad matvicula, 
canon  („matrikula“ anu „kanoni“) erqva, unawilebdnen
xolme krebulis Semowirulobas.
krebulis anu eklesiis qvelmoqmedebiT, maSasada-
me, pirvel xanaSi mxolod glaxakni da samRvdeloeba
ikvebeboda; glaxakebi sinanulisa da qristes mier siy-
varulis gamo iRebdnen daxmarebas, samRvdeloeba – vi-
Tarca Sromis gasamrjelos. magram uZveles drosve*‡‡
qristianeTa krebulebSi iseTi pirebic iyvnen, romleb-
sac qalwulobisa da siglaxakis aRTqma hqondaT dade-
buli da zneobrivi sispetakis dacva surdaT. sofli-
dan soflad, qalaqidan qalaqad dadiodnen isini da
qadagebasa da eklesiis saqmeebs emsaxurebodnen, mimos-
vlisa da qadagebis drosa xarebis mcnebisamebr maT
Tan araferi ar mihqondaT xolme sagzlad da mxolod
qristianTa daxmarebiT ikvebebodnen. magram TandaTan,
roca mRvdeloba mxolod xeldasmulebs SeeZloT mie-
RoT, xolo moZRvrebis ufleba martooden gansakuTre-
buli codniT aRWurvil pirebsRa hqondaT, am orsave
sqesis qalwulobis aRTqmelT qristianTa krebulsa da
sazogadoebaSi saqme aRaraferi hqondaT, maTs mimos-
vlasa da moRvaweobas erSi mniSvneloba da mizani dae-
karga, miT umetes, rom xalxSi siarulisa da trialis
dros bevrjer Cavardebodnen xolme gansacdelSi da
qalwulobis aRTqmis asruleba da dacva uZneldebo-
daT. kvipriane episkoposis werilebidan Cans, rom III
saukuneSi es qalwulni xSirad eriskacebze uaresad
iqceodnen da mruSobdnen. maSin ki erTma jgufma, dai-
naxa ra is gansacdeli, romelic qalwulobis miswra-

                                                            
*
A. Harnack, Enstehung des Mönchthums Sitz. B.D. König preussich. Akademie
der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 1891, gv. 380-1.

399
febis gaqarwylebas uqadda, isev udabno arCia wuTi-
sofels da udabnoSi gaixizna, rom macduri qveyana Ta-
vidan moeSorebina.
amnairad gaCdnen meudabnoeni. am axalma moRvaweo-
bam didi gavlena iqonia qristianTa sazogadoebaze da
bevri mimbaZvelic gamouCnda. meudabnoebi stovebdnen
kerZo sakuTrebas, miwa-wyals da mxolod axlomaxlo
adgilebis mcxovrebni awvdidnen xolme cotaoden sur-
saTs. marTalia, meudabnoeni cdilobdnen, rom mwvani-
leulobiT da xiliT, rasac ki midamoebSi ipovnidnen,
gasuliyven iolad, _ aseT berebs moZRvrebs eZaxdnen
kidec, _ magram eriskacTa qvelmoqmedebas da Tanag-
rZnobas rom moklebulni yofiliyvnen, isini ver gas-
Zlebdnen; erTi sityviT, meudabnoeni da monaznebic mie-
matnen im jgufs, romelic sazogadoebis qvelmoqmede-
biT sargeblobda, samRvdeloebas SemdegSi gauCines
gansazRvruli mudmivi sazrdo, jamagiri; glaxakebi da
monaznebi ki winandeburad qristianTa qvelmoqmedebiT
ikvebebodnen. glaxakebsac da monaznebsac qvelmoqmede-
bas imitom aZlevda sazogadoeba, rom oriveni usaxsro
da Raribebi iyvnen. magram es ki unda sTqvas kacma, rom
am ori jgufis mdgomareobas Soris didi gansxvaveba
arsebobda, oRondac glaxakebi Tavisdauneblied Rari-
bi da usaxsro: an raime sxeulis naklis gamo, an ara
da wvrilSvilobis mizeziT; monaznebi ki TavianT neba-
yofilobiT, sakuTaris surviliT iyvnen Raribi da
usaxsro: maT SeiZleba hqonodaT, magram TiTonve airCi-
es siglaxake da siRaribe imitom, rom amnairad, maTi
azriT, zneobrivad srulni da umanko gamxdariyvnen.
amisdagvarad glaxakebs mTeli qristianTa krebuli, ek-
lesia exmareboda xolme, monaznebs ki kerZo pirebi,
TiToeuli gulSematkivari da TanamgrZnobeli.
davaneboT Tavi samRvdeloebas da gamovarkvioT
is sakiTxi, Tu ra zneobrivi moZRvrebiT xelmZRvane-

400
lobdnen, roca glaxakebs da monazvnebs qvelmoqmede-
bas awvdidnen.
saqarTveloSi am ukanasknel dromdisac ki Sex-
vdeboda adamiani monaznobis uZveles wess: aqa-iq ekle-
siebTan yovelTvis SeiZleboda adamians enaxa iseTi
pirni, romelTac qalwulobis aRTqma hqondaT dadebu-
li, Tumca saeklesio wesiT isini monazvnebad aRkve-
cilni ar iyvnen xolme. magram meudabnoeba CvenSic da
somxebSiac, vgoneb, asureTis zegavlenis wyalobiT un-
da gavrcelebuliyos. somxeTis monaznobis asureTis-
gan momdinareobas cxadad amtkicebs somxuri saxeli
monazonisa, saxeldobr sityva „hbeRa“, _ igi asuruli
sityvaa da Tavdapirvelad aRniSnavda „mwuxares“, xo-
lo Semdeg monazons eZaxdnen. Cvens mwerlobaSi, ramde-
nadac viciT, es sityva ar moipoveba, magram grigol
xanZTeli ise axasiaTebs monazonobis mizansa da mis-
wrafebas, rom mkvlevars uneblieT moagondeba zemo-
moyvanili asuruli monazonis saxeli. grigoli ambobs,
„monaznebi isini arian, romelTac mohrides saSuebel-
Ta sawuTroisaTa nebsiT da aRirCies RmrTisaTÂs mwu-
xarebaÁ adgilTa glovisaTa, msgavsad pirvelTa maT
mamaTa wmidaTa“... (grigol xanZTelis cxovreba, pr. mar-
ris gamocema, Тексты и розыск.  wigni VII, gv. 31). xanZTeli
arqimandritis ganmartebiT, monazonebma „aRirCies
RmerTisaTÂs mwuxarebaÁ“, maSasadame isini „mwuxareni“
yofilan, xolo ase, rogorc naTqvami iyo, monazonebs
asurelebi eZaxdnen.
qarTuli saeklesio gadmocemac Cvenebur monazo-
nebis wyarod asureTs asaxelebs: pirveli meudabnoeni
saqarTvelos cameti asureli mamebi iyvnen. samwuxarod,
amaTi cxovrebani, romelTac Cvenamdis moaRwies, xelme-
ored gakeTebuli da uSinaarsoa, amitom mkvlevars ar
SeuZlia raime Cveni istoriisaTvis gamosadegari das-
kvna gamoiyvanos asurel mamaTa cxovrebidan. uZveles
dros saqarTveloSi, Tu grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis

401
avtori ar scdeba, meudabnoeba iyo gansakuTrebiT gav-
rcelebuli: es Semdegi sityvebidan Cans, „vidre mos-
vlamdÀ grigol mwyemsisa keTilisa mxecTagan uxilav-
Ta ltolvilni mciredni igi cxovarni qristÀsni gan-
bneuln iyvnen TiToÁ anu orori sivrcesa mas udabno-
Tasa: xolo mosvlasa wmidisa grigolisa cxovarni igi
ganmÃdes“ (iqve,    gv.. iÀ) roca grigolma pirveli ekle-
sia aaSena udabnoSi, „mas Jamsa yovelTa maT wmidaTa
udabnoTa Sina iwyes wmidaTa mamaTa monastrebisa SÀne-
bad da wmidaTa eklesiaTa“ (iqve, e.i. – ixv).
VIII-IX saukunemde, maSasadame, manam xanZTeli arqi-
mandriti samonastro moRvaweobas Seudgeboda, saqar-
TveloSi martyofelni da meudabnoeni yofilan, xolo
grigolis magaliTs ise mouxiblavs maSindeli mowese-
ni, rom sxvebsac miubaZavT da samonastro wyobileba
SemouRiaT. rasakvirvelia, SeiZleba am SemTxvevaSi xan-
ZTel moRvawis cxovrebis avtors mexsierebam uRalata,
SesaZlebelia samonastro weswyobileba aqa-iq saqar-
TveloSi winadac hqonodaT, magram mainc imis cnoba
samarTlianad unda CaiTvalos imitom, rom sazogadod
da sayovelTaod etyoba, samonastro weswyobileba saq-
rTveloSi grigol xanZTelis dros gavrcelebula. me-
dabnoeni-ki, rogorc xanZTel mamis cxovrebidan Cans
„izrdebodes mZovarTa saxed mwuaniliTa da xiliTa,
xolo romelnime mciriTa puriTa“ (iqve, v - z).
Cven vxedavT, rom meudabnoeTaTvis sul mciredi
sakvebavic sakmarisi iyo, rasac dedamiwa aRmoacenebda
xolme, imisic kmayofilni iyvnen; zogi xelobas kidev
misdevdnen da amiT irCendnen TavianT Tavs (Ãelsaqma-
ri, iqve,–  z). sazogadoebis daxmareba saWiro iyo iseT
meudabnoeTaTvis, romelnic „pursa sWamdnen“ xolme.
isini cdilobdnen, rom aravin SeewuxebiaT da TavianTi
Tavi TviTonve gamoekvebaT. grigol xanZTelis cxovre-
baSi moTxrobilia, magaliTad erTma moxucma meudabno-
em, roca axalgazrda grigoli Seexvewa daberebuli

402
xar da axla me gemsaxurebio, uari uTxra: „me minda ne-
biTa RmrTisaÁTa vidre sikudilamdÀ TÂT vmsaxuro
Tavsa Cemsa“-o (iqve,  T), rom dadebuli aRTqma pirnaT-
lad avasruloo. erTi sityviT meudabnoeni bejiTad
asrulebdnen qalwulobisa da siglaxakis aRTqmas: isi-
ni sofels gaeqcnen da udabnoSi srul siRaribeSi, yo-
velgvar sarCo-qonebas moklebulni cxovrobdnen, rom
zneobrivad spetakni da sruli yofiliyvnen. maT neba-
yofilebiT airCies upovareba da siRaribe da sindisie-
radac asrulebdnen dadebul aRTqmas da, ramdenadac
SeiZleboda Tavisi SromiT cxovrobdnen. oRondac –
maT ufleba hqondaT, TavianT TavisTvis „glaxaki“ dae-
ZaxaT. mxolod iSviaTad mimarTavdnen xolme qvelmoqme-
debas.
grigol xanZTelis dros monastrebis agebas yvel-
gan saqarTveloSi gulmodgined Seudgnen. samonastro
tibikoni grigolma TviTon Seadgina da Sedgenis dros
sxva da sxva _ saberZneTisa da palestinis gamoCenil
lavrebis wesdebebiT ixelmZRvanela (iqve,  iT, ik.); monas-
trebSi Tumca mkacri wesi iyo SemoRebuli, magram metis-
meti da gadaWarbebuli simkacris motrfiale, rogorc
Cans, xanZTeli arqimandriti ara yofila, piriqiT, cxa-
dad Cans, rom igi yovelTvis cdilobda, monastris adgi-
li mSrali da wminda haeriani mxare yofiliyo, zomieri
hava, saRi, civi da gemrieli wyaros wyali hqonoda (iqve, 
iz. kg. kd.), rom monaznisaTvis dadebul aRTqmis asrule-
ba metis metad Zneli ar yofiliyo; amitomac aris, rom
qarTul monastrebs umetes SemTxvevaSi saucxoo mdebare-
oba aqvT: maRlob, Tvalwarmtac, mSvenier adgilebzea
aSenebuli da sruli myudroebiT aris moculi.
grigolis magaliTma didi moZraoba gamoiwvia, mim-
baZavi bevri gamoCnda, axali monastrebis Seneba RvTisni-
er saqmed gadaiqca da xalxic blomad moawyda. rasakvir-
velia, umiwawylod, raki kerZo sakuTreba ara ebadaT ra,
metad Zneli iyo cxovreba: xelsaqmariT TavianTi Tavi

403
gamoekvebaT Tu samonastro Senobebi da eklesiebi ae-
goT? cal-calke cxovrebis dros, roca meudabnoebs arc
saerTo TavSesafari moepovebodaT, arc samlocvelo,
kerZo sakuTrebis uqonloba da siRaribe ise sagrZnobe-
li iyo, rogorc SemdegSi, roca monaznebi erTad iyvnen
Sekrebilni da moTxovnilebac Sesaferisad garTulda.
samonastro Senobis agebis dros monastrebis damfuZne-
belni iZulebulni iyvnen saero kacebisaTvis daxmareba
eTxovnaT; lukma-puris da sursaTis saSovneladac monaz-
nebisaTvis saWiro iyo, rom monasters erTi naWeri miwa
hqonoda, rom berebs moexnaT, daeTesaT, moemkaT da Tavis
ofliT gamoekvebnaT TavianTi Tavi. Cven vxedavT, mar-
Tlac rom grigol xanZTeli erT maxlobel didebul
aznaurs sTxovs, monasters saxnavi miwebi Semoswireo
(iqve,  ig-i). aseTive TxovniT xanZTelma mamam bagrat kura-
palatsac mimarTa (iqve,  .  kÀ-kT). eriskacebi monastrebis
damaarseblebis Txovnas siamovnebiT asrulebdnen. Tanda-
Tan monastrebs naCuqari mamulebi ematebodaT da samo-
nastro sakuTreba gauCndaT.
erTi sityviT, Cven vxedavT, rom, roca meudabnoeba
samonastro wesad Seicvala, monaznebi iZulebuli iyvnen
sruli siglaxakisa da siRaribis cxovrebis idealis
ganxorcilebisaTvis Tavi danebebinaT da sazogado samo-
nastro sakuTreba, mamuli SeeZinaT. magram ZiriTad zne-
obriv moZRvrebas ar iviwyebdnen: monaznebi TviTon muSa-
obdnen xolme samonastro mamulebSi, venaxsa da baRCeb-
Si, xe-tyes TviTon sWridnen da mohqondaT (iqve,  kd. nd).
aseTi iyo aTonis qarTvelebis monasterSiac, venaxebSi
da mindvrad celvisa da mkis dros, saxelosnoebSi da
boselSi. erTi sityviT yvelgan TviTon berebi muSaob-
dnen. giorgi mTawmideli mogviTxrobs: „yovelsa Zmani
Surebodian da vinaÁTgan yovelni iqmodes, ara umZimda,
aramed udrtvinvelad da sixaruliT iqmodeso“ (ioane da
eqvTÂmes ca, saeklesio muzeum. gamoc. gv. 48). monaznebi,
maSasadame, cdilobdnen, rom pavle mociqulis zneobrivi

404
mcneba „visac ara unebn, saqmis, nuca hsWamn“ – svinidisie-
rad aesrulebinaT. isini winandeburad TavianT Tavs
„glaxaks eZaxdnen, mag., grigol xanZTeli berebis Sesaxeb
ambobs: „Cuen glaxakTa mimarTo“ (cxovrebai, gv. kv), eq-
vTime mTawmindeli kidev yovelTvis laparakobda xolme:
„Cuen kacni varT glaxakni da ucxonio“ (cxovreba, gv. 46).
monazoni da glaxaki, maSasadame, erTsa da igives niSnav-
da; aseTi mniSvnelobis igiveoba gviCvenebs, Tu ra didi
mniSvneloba hqonda srul siRaribesa da upovarebas qar-
Tveli beris aRTqmaSi; am mxriv xanZTel arqimandrits
Semdegi sityvebi aqvs gamoTqmuli: „gangebasa RmrTisasa
ese CveulebaÁ aqus raÁTa wmidaT maT udabnoTa monaster-
ni ÃeliTa glaxakTaÁTa aRaSÀennes. romelnica sruliad
Tavisufal iqmnnes soflisa sacTurisagan: daRacaTu wmi-
daTa udabnoTa xelmwifeni iRuwian. xolo wodebad saxe-
li, glaxakTa jer iCina qristeman SÀnebasa wmidaTa mo-
nasterTasa, aramed misca RmerTma xelmwifebaÎ morwmune-
Ta mefeTa aRSenebad saydarTa saepiskoposoTa“ (grigol
xanZ. c’-a, iqve, kd-ke).
siglaxakis aRTqma da ganxorcieleba monaznebisaT-
vis maSin, rogorc Cans, jer kidev imdenad Zlieri yofi-
la, rom maSindel saeklesio mweralsa da moRvawes arc
ki SeeZlo efiqra, rom odesme mefeTa xeliTac SeiZlebo-
des monastrebis aSeneba: ara, igi amtkicebda RvTis gange-
basa surda, rom monastrebis aSeneba mxolod glaxakTa
xeliT momxdariyoo, imitom, rom glaxakni „sruliad Ta-
visufalni arian soflis sacTurisagano“, imitom, rom
mxolod sruli siRaribis dros SeeZlo, maSindel Sexe-
dulebisamebr, zneobrivad umwiklavi yofiliyo adamiani.
grigolis sityviT, RmerTma mefeebs martooden saepisko-
poso eklesiebis aSenebis ufleba mianiWa. cxadia, xan-
ZTel arqimandrits jer ar scodnia, rom mefeebica da
kerZo pirebic swored gansakuTrebiT mdidari da SeZle-
buli aznaurebi da moxeleebi aSenebdnen xolme Semdeg
saukuneebSi monastrebs, rom XI-XII saukuneebidan dawye-

405
buli axali monastrebis mometebuli nawili sul kerZo
pirebis agebuli iyo da sapatronod iTvleboda. grigol
xanZTelis dros mefeebs saepiskoposo eklesiebis aSene-
bis garda SeeZloT monastrebisaTvis ezrunaT da eRva-
waT. esec didi cvlileba iyo; winaT xom meudabnoebi
sxvis daxmarebas da zrunvas srulebiT uarsa yofdnen.
kaci rom daufiqrdes, cxadad SeamCnevs, rom monaz-
nebi cdilobdnen rogorme SeenarCunebinaT TavianTi um-
Tavresi da ZiriTadi aRTqma _ sruli siglaxake da Tavi-
si ofliT lukma puris Wama, samonastro weswyobilobis
dros srul siglaxakezed laparaki aRar SeiZleboda,
monasters Tavisi sakuTreba hqonda, - moZravic da uZra-
vica. marTalia es qoneba kerZo kuTvnileba ar iyo, kerZo
sakuTrebas ki ar adgenda, aramed sazogados, magram ma-
inc xom sakuTreba iyo da TiToeul monazons wili edo
am qonebaSi, erTi sityviT, Cven vxedavT, rom mamulis sa-
kuTreba, swored is, rasac ase gaSmagebiT gaurbodnen da
Tavidan iSorebdnen xolme monaznebi, roca siglaxakisa
da qalwulobis aRTqmasa sdebdnen, maTvis mainc saWiro
gaxda, uimisod arseboba aRar SeeZloT. axla monasteri
sameurneo Zmobas warmoadgenda, romelsac sazogado sa-
kuTreba hqonda da awarmoebda saqmes. marTalia, siglaxa-
kis aRTqmiT monaznobis umTavresi mcneba irRveoda, mxo-
lod zneobrivi mcneba sakuTar muSaobiT lukma puris
Sovnis SesaxebRa iyo darCenili, magram esec unda Tqvas
kacma, arc am siglaxakis idealis darRvevas, arc im
wvlilsa da Sesawevars, romelsac maSindeli qarTveli
sazogadoeba monastrebs aZlevda xolme, Cveni erisaTvis
unayofod da amaod ar Cauvlia. piriqiT, meudabnoeni Ta-
visi erisaTvis TiTqmis srulebiT gamoudegarni iyvnen,
xalxze daSorebuli, yovelgvar adamianur cxovrebis pi-
robebs moklebulT, mudmiv mSier-mwyurvalT ris gamete-
ba SeeZloT? isini mxolod pirad zneobriv warmatebasa
da sisruleze zrunavdnen da „codvil“ qveynisa ara un-
dodaT ra; monastrebis daarsebis Semdeg ki, roca mona-

406
zoni darwmunebuli iyo, rom mas mciredi saWmel-sasmeli
mainc eqneboda mudmiv, visac Zali da Rone Seswevda
mTel Tavis dros gonebiTs muSaobas Sealevda, _ mwer-
loba iyo Tu mxatvroba, saeklesio galoba iyo Tu
sjulT mecniereba. oRondac didi kulturuli Rvawli
miuZRviT am monastrebs samSoblos winaSe; gana mdidari
saeklesio mwerloba da mravalmxrivi xelovneba sul ma-
Ti Seqmnili da aRorZinebuli ar aris? maSindeli monas-
teri savane iyo umaRlesi gonebis ganviTarebisa.
monazonebis ZiriTadi mcnebis – siglaxakis aRTqmis
darRvevam da samonastro mamulebis SeZenis survilma
didi gavlena iqonia berebis zneobrivi miswrafebis mi-
marTulebaze.
arc erTi qristiani maSin ise ar Seswiravda rames
monasters, rom gansazRvruli da savaldebuli piroba
ar daedo, rasakvirvelia samudamo sulis moxsenebisa da
aRapis Taobaze.
amgvarad Sewiruloba usasyidlod ar iyo da qvel-
moqmedebis niSanwyali odnav-Ra emCneoda; roca romelime
aznauri an xelisufali monasters mamuls an fuls mi-
arTmevda xolme, is imaze ki ar fiqrobda, rom qonebri-
vad exmareboda berebs, aramed marto imaze, rom wmida ma-
mebi, romlnic uflis winaSe kadnier iyvnen, mis suls
sikvdilis Semdeg RvTaebas Seavedrebdnen. kaci rom Cauk-
virdes, amisTana SemTxvevebSi Sewiruloba ki ar iyo,
aramed samudamo sasyideli samudamo aRapis gaCenis gu-
lisaTvis. erTi sityviT, namdili aReb-micemoba iyo. ase
uyurebdnen TviTon Semwirvelebic; ai, magaliTad, ras
eubneboda didebuli aznauri dafanCuli grigol xan-
ZTels: „CuenTana ars xorcieli keTili da TquenTana
ars sulierni keTili: da esÀ SevzavneT urTierTas: Tqu-
en monawilÀ guyveniT wmidaTa locvaTa TquenTa cxovre-
basa amas da Semdgomad sikudilisa da Zualni Cuenni
Rirs yveniT dasxmad wmidaTa Tana ZualTa TquenTa... da

407
Cven aRgiTquamT cxovrebasa Cuensa da cxovrebasa Svil-
Ta CuenTasa“ (iqve, id)
davakvirdeT, dafanCulis azrs: mas xorcieli dide-
ba aqvs. SeZlebuli da mTavris winaSe damsaxurebuli ka-
cia, grigol xanZTTels ki ara abadia-ra, xorciel dide-
bas moklebulia, igi swored am xorciel an qveynis di-
debas gamoeqca, samagierod igi sulier keTiliT aris
aRsavse; dafanCuli ki swored am sulier keTils aris
danatrebuli, unda rom rogorme SeiZinos. rasakvirve-
lia, Tu adamians surs sulieri keTili daiunjos, ami-
saTvis man piradad unda iRvawos, zneobrivad sruli
gaxdes da sulieri saTnoeba daimkvidros. amas qadagebda
ieso (movigonoT igavi mdidari farisevlis Sesaxeb), amas
qadagebdnen misi mociqulebi da saxareba. oRondac sxva-
nairi zneobriv Sexedulebis Sewynareba SeuZlebelicaa!
zemomoyvanili dafanCulis sityvebi gviCveneben, rom is
sul sxva moZRvrebis mimdevari iyo: mas saWirod ar miaC-
nda piradi zneobrivi moRvaweoba da warmateba, an iqneb,
ra ki mas egona, rom srul sulier keTilis daunjeba
monazonobis saSualebiT SeiZleboda, dafanCuli grZnob-
da, rom igi sulier keTils verasdros ver eRirseboda;
magram sulier keTilis SeZena sxva saSualebiTac SeiZ-
leboda: es saSualeba aReba-micemoba iyo, gacvla anu,
rogorc dafanCuli brZanebs, Sezaveba: grigol xanZTeli
Tavis wminda locvebis „monawiled hyofs“, moixseniebs,
mis sikvdilis Semdeg nebas miscems, rom dafanCulisa da
grigolis Zvlebi erTad daemarxnaT. dafanCuli darwmu-
nebuli iyo, rom aseTi saSualebiT igi saiqios codvaTa
gankiTxvisagan Tavs daiRwevda, sruls suliers keTils
daimkvidrebda. aseT samsaxursa da xsnisaTvis dafanCuli
Tavisa da Tavis Svilebis sacxovrebels, qonebis monas-
trisaTvis Sewirvas hpirdeboda; amgvarad grigoli da mi-
si monasteri xorciel keTils daimkvidrebdnen. amas
dafanCuli Sezavebas eZaxis da Cvenc Sezavebis eTika da-
varqvaT. cxadia, rom es Sezavebis eTika namdvili aReb-mi-

408
cemobaa, vaWrobaa. rogor gavrcelda da damkvidrda es
zneobrivi mimarTuleba, vis ufro meti brali aZevs mis
gavrcelebaSi, monazonebs Tu saero pirT, amis Tqma jer-
jeribiT ar SeiZleba. es kia mxolod, _ orive mxare  
(iqve, da ke) am Sezavebis eTikis kmayofili iyo: monasters
auarebel Semowirulobas uqadda igi, xolo eris kacebs
sulier keTilisa ra cxonebis axal gzas uCvenebda. mere
da advili da mSvidobiani gza iyo igi: arc Tavis Sewuxe-
ba, arc pirad cxovrebis wesis cvlileba iyo saWiro,
mxolod xorcieli, keTili, qoneba da simdidre kmaro-
da!...
ra Tqma unda, „Sezavebis eTikas“ qristes zneobriv
moZRvrebasTan araferi aqvs saerTo, saxarebis zemoaR-
niSnuli igavi cxadad gviCvenebs amas. pavle mociquls
ufro mkafiod aqvs gamoTqmuli is azri, rom Sewirule-
basa da qvelmoqmedebas TavisTavad araviTari mniSvnelo-
ba ara aqvs, Tu rom adamians piradad zneobrivi warmate-
ba ara surs da misken ar miiswrafvis: „SeRaTu vaWamo yo-
veli monagebi Cemi (glaxakTa) da mivhscne xorcni Cemni
dasawuylad da siyuaruli ara maqundes, ararave sarge-
bel ars Cemda“ (a. korinTelTa XIII, 3). diax kaci rom ex-
marebodes Tavis uZlur moyvass an monasters, is ki ar
unda hqondes fiqrad, ase, ueWvelia, sulier keTils da-
vimsaxureb da vcxondebi, aramed marto oden Rrma sibra-
luli da siyvaruli, gulwrfeli survili, rom glaxaki-
saTvis eSvelna; imitom rom pavle mociqulis ukvdav sit-
yvebisa ar iyos, „siyuaruli sulgrZel ars da tkbil.
siyuarulsa ar hSurs, siyuaruli ara maRloin, ara gan-
laRnis, arca sarcxÂenel iqmnis, ara eZiebn Tavisasa, ara
ganrisxnis... yovelsa Tavsa idebn, yoveli hrwamn, yovelsa
esavn. yovelsa moiTmenn“ (iqve, XIII, 4,5,7). 
magram saxarebis maRali moZRvreba male Seirya. ro-
ca qristianoba maRal wodebaTa wevrebmac miiRes, maSin
uneblied daibada sakiTxi, Tu rogor cxondebodnen
mdidrebi. yvelam kargad icoda iesos sityva, Tu ra Zne-

409
lia TiTqmis SeuZlebelia, rom mdidari samoTxeSi Sevi-
des, Tu ki igi Tavis qonebas glaxakebs ar daurigebs da
qristes ar Seudgeba. rasakvirvelia Tu mdidrebs cxone-
bis imedi unda gadaewyvitaT, maSin maTTvis araviTari
mniSvneloba ar eqneboda axali sarwmuneobis miRebas. es
rom Tavidan aecilebinaT, saeklesio mwerlebi gulmod-
gined Seudgnen im garemoebis garkvevas, Tu rodis an ro-
gor SeiZleba rom mdidari cxondes. pirvelad aseTi mo-
sazreba klimenti aleqsandrielma gamoTqva; is amtkiceb-
da, rom simdidre mxolod orRanoa; Tu mas samarTlia-
nad movixmarT, maSin igi samarTlianobas emsaxureba, xo-
lo Tu vinme usamarTlod moixmars, maSin igi usamar-
Tlobis msaxurad aRmoCndebao“ (Tις δνογωμ πλύσιος 14,5 -10).
amisdagvarad yoveli mdidari, romelic Tavis simdidres
glaxakebsa da qvelmoqmedebas moaxmars, cxondebao. amis
mixedviT saeklesio mwerlebi mudam urCevdnen xolme
mdidrebs, rom TavianTi qoneba guluxvad daerigebinaT
saqvelmoqmedo saqmeebisaTvis imitom, rom iseTi mowyale-
ba codvebisagan axsnis adamians (polikarpes epistole
filadelfielTa mimarT, X,2). hermesis „moZRvarSi“ TiT-
qmis dafanCulis „Sezavebis“ eTikis msgavsi moZRvrebaa
moyvanili; magram pirvel saukuneebSi mainc kargad
grZnobdnen, rom qvelmoqmedeba wrfelis gulidan unda
momdinareobdes, rom eklesiisaTvis Semowiruloba ki ar
iyo saWiro, aramed marto qristianTa sulieri sikeTe.
ioane oqropirs xSirad uTqvams mdidrebisaTvis, rom `ek-
lesias arc oqro, arc Zvirfasi Tvlebi ar unda, mxo-
lod Tqveni cxoneba surso“ (Homil 50 in Matth.). 
magram cxovrebam mainc Tavisi gaitana da „Sezave-
bis“ moZRvrebam fexi moikida. ase moxda yvelgan saSua-
lo saukuneebSi, ase iyo CvenSiac, rogorc zemoT iyo
moxsenebuli. es moZRvreba Zval-rbilSi ujdeboda qar-
Tvel xalxs imitom, rom igi saero uflebriv azrovnebi-
saTvis ufro misawvdomi da gasagebi iyo, vidre saxare-
bis maRali mcneba. TandaTan „Sezavebis“ eTika imdenad

410
ganmtkicda, rom mxolod piradi sargeblobis molodi-
niT swiravdnen xolme monasters qonebas. Sewiruloba
codvils saiqios sasjelisagan ixsnida da Tu vinme im
Sewirul mamuls monasters waarTmevda an moitacebda,
momtacebeli unda yofiliyo zecieri mamis winaSe Sem-
wirvelis codvebis pasuxismgebeli. ai, magaliTad, ras
ambobs Tavis Sewirulobis wignSi da sigelSi mefe bag-
rat IV „ov’To vinme gamoCndeT... da rasaca Jamsa: anu rai-
saca mizezisa moRebiTa, gina Tu igi adgili SeucvaloT
mas w’dasa lavrasa: anu Tu ese wesni, gangebulni Cueni
SeiSalnoT... codvaTamca da bralTa CemTa gardamxdelni
xarT winaSe RvTisa“ (SiomR. ist. sab. 4, 1058 w.) Tavis meo-
re sigelSi igive mefe ambobs „ukeTu vinme rasaca Jamsa
raica guari kaci, didi gina mcire, adges da amas naqnar-
sa C’nsa aqcevdes, gamcaurisxdebis mamaÎ Ze da sul
w’daÎ... da Cemni bralni misgan iZien RmerTman“ (iqve,  9). 
aseTsave sityvebs mkiTxveli TiTqmis yvela Zvel sige-
lebSi Sexvdeba.
amgvarma zneobrivma mimarTulebam dabada saintere-
so uflebrivi rwmena: raki mamuls swiravdnen monasters
an rogorc sigelebSi ewera xolme, im wmindas romlis
saxelobazedac aSenebuli iyo monasteri, Semwirvelebi
da monaznebi am mamuls wmindanis sakuTrebad sTvlidnen,
igi iyo mamulis patroni. da Tu vinme gabriyvdeboda da
wmindanis uflebis Selaxvas ganizraxavda da im mamuls
miiTvisebda, romelic codvaTa mitevebis meoxebisa da sa-
iqios gankiTxvis dRis warmosarClebis gulisaTvis Ses-
wires mas, maSin TviT igi, Seuracxyofili wmindani iZieb-
da Surs da gadauxdida magiers Tavxeds momtacebels.
ai, magaliTad, ras ambobs mefe daviT aRmaSenebeli: Tu
Cemi, Sendami Semowiruli mamuli miiTvisos da dadebuli
wesi daarRvios vinmem, „Sen yovlad wmidao RvTis mSobe-
lo, ganyofasa miss, xorcTagan, ganyav igi nawilisagan
cxovnebelaTasa da Suri iZie viTarca mgmobarsa Sensa,
nestors zeda, xolo Sen wmindao RmerT Semosilo mamao

411
Sio, odes dasjdes qriste RmerTi gansjad yovelTa tom-
Ta da saqmeTa, warmoudeg da ganhsaje da, viTarca Sema-
wuxebels, Sensa zeda, egreT Suri iZie piriTa RvTisaTa“
(Sio mR. ist. sab. 1123 w. gv. 19). am nawyvetSi yuradRebis
Rirsia sagulisxmo sityvebi „viTarca Semawuxebelsa Sen-
sa zeda, egreT Suri iZio“. riT ganirCeoda es saucxoo
zecier gankiTxvis dRe im Cveulebriv qveyniur samsajav-
rosagan, romelic maSin saqarTveloSi arsebobda? igive
SurisZieba, igive bralmdebeli, romelic Semawuxebeli
braldebulis dasjas Txoulobs, igive mamulis motace-
ba da Cveulebrivi davidaraba. oRondac, arafriT ar ga-
nirCeoda. ra daSorebuli iyo imave dros es gankiTxvis
dro im suraTze, romelic iesom Tavis mowafeebs dauxa-
ta! sadaa iq sakuTrebaze laparaki, mamulis momtacebel-
ze da Suris Ziebaze, an ki moxsenebulia iq Suris maZie-
beli, Sewuxebuli wmidani? erTi sityviTac ar aris.
ara, am suraTs araferi aqvs iesos moZRvrebasTan
saerTo, es suraTi zeciur gankiTxvis dRes ki ar gvixa-
tavs, aramed qveyniur, dRiur varams da Surisa da sis-
xlis Ziebaze damyarebul sasamarTlos. amnairad maSinde-
li sarwmuneobrivi da zneobrivi warmodgena zeciur si-
maRlisagan da sispetakisagan qve CamoeSva da miwaze dae-
ca. es asec unda momxdariyo, raki sarwmuneobriv saqmeebs
ekonomiuri da kerZo uflebrivi interesebi gauries. rac
ufro metad ganmtkicdeboda aseT interesebze zrunva,
miT ufro metad unda dacemuliyo is maRali warmodgena
zeciur RvTaebaze, ganusazRvrel siyvarulsa da uSre-
tel gulmtkivneulobaze davrdomil da uZlur kacobri-
obisadmi damyarebuli, romelic iesom Tavis Tanamedro-
veebs Caagona.
rasakvirvelia, axla codvebisagan Tavis daRweva
advili iyo. amisaTvis saWiro iyo mxolod kacs didi qo-
neba hqonoda da romelime monastrisaTvis bevri qoneba
mamulad an fulad Seewira. aki amitomac moawyda monas-
trebs didZali Semowiruloba: ra ara hqondaT maT! mamu-

412
lebi, saxnavi, da saZovari adgilebi, wvrilfexa da
msxvilfexa saqoneli, ymebi, sakuTari vaWrebi, saxlebi
da qulbaqebi. amas garda, am qonebis umetesi nawili sa-
xelmwifo da sxva mraval gadasaxadisagan da begarisa-
gan gaTavisuflebeli iyo. sakmarisia, kacma TiToeuli
monastris Seuvalobis wignebi gadaikiTxos, rom dar-
wmundes, Tu ra Tavisuflad da uWirvelad cxovrobdnen
berebi.
mas Semdeg rac monastrebma qonebis Segrovebasa da
daunjebas xeli mihyves, monaznebi rasakvirvelia, cdi-
lobdnen, rom maT savaneSi SeZlebul da saxelovan gvar-
Ta Svilebi Sesuliyvnen; Tavis mxriv SeZlebulni, ukve
cxovrebiT damSvralni da gulaCuyebulni siamovnebiT
Seafarebdnen Tavs monasterSi da mTel TavianT qonebas
savanes Seswiravdnen, oRond ki maTTvis mkacri samonaz-
no moRvaweobis wesi SeemsubuqebinaT. giorgi mTawmideli
mogviTxrobs, rom aseT pirebs xSirad undodaT xolme
aTonis monasterSi berad Sesvla, magram eqvTime mTawmi-
deli pasuxad etyoda xolme: „Tqven kacni xarT saxelo-
vanni... da odesme safase misceT eklesias, gansuenebiT
gnebavs yofaÁ“ (cxovreba ie da efTÕmesi, saekl. muzeumis
gamocema 46). marTalia, eqvTime aseT pirebs ar uSvebda
monasterSi da aRkvecaze uars eubneboda, magram saqar-
TveloSi saqme sxvanairad midioda da mkacri monaznobis
wesi TandaTan didebul da SeZlebeli berebis gulisaT-
vis gaadviles. warmoidgineT grigol mTawmidelsac ki,
im grigols, romlis simkacre da moudrekeli da samar-
Tlianoba saxelganTqmuli iyo, _ etyoba, rom cota iyos,
gvariSvilobas da simdidres mowyalebis TvaliT uyureb-
da! ai, magaliTad, ra uTxra Tevdoresa da qristefores,
roca maT yrma arseni, aznaur mirianis Svili da efremi
miabara aRsazrdelad: „Tualni Tquenni iyvned maradis
maTzeda: da gexsened didebulebaÁ mSobelTa amaTTaÁ da
sarwmunoebaÁ'maTi qristesa mimarT da Cuen glaxakTa mi-

413
marT“ (ca grigol xanZT. marris gamoc. Тексты и разыс. wigni
VII, k’v).
diax, didebulni da mdidarni monazonobas etane-
bodnen, magram amasTanave samonastro moRvaweobis sim-
kacris Semsubuqebas cdilobdnen. es erTi erTmaneTis da-
marRveveli garemoeba imiT aixsneba, rom monaznobis um-
Tavresi mizani da deda azri bevrs ukve daviwyebuli
hqonda da swored aRar esmoda: monazonoba, rogorc mo-
wesrigeba RvTisnier idumali Zalis patronad miiCnies
da is ki aviwydebodaT, rom Tu adamiani samonazno aR-
Tqmas daarRvevda, ufleba ara hqonda monazonis saxeli
etarebina. erTi sityviT garegnoba, monazonis saxe da we-
si uSinaarsod, saswaulmoqmed Zalad gadaiqca: sakmarisi
iyo kaci berad aRkveciliyo, rom yvela codvebi miteve-
boda. rom monazonebis garegani saxe marTla saswaul-
moqmed Zalad miaCndaT, iqidan Cans, rom mcirewlovan, pa-
tara bavSvebsac ki monazonis Coxas acmevdnen da berad
ayenebdnen; magaliTad, grigol xanZTelis nebayofilo-
biT didebulma aznaurma mirianma Tavisi 6 wlis Svili
samonazno CoxiT Semosa da berad Seayena (iqve, k’b); TviT
grigoli urCevda yrma efrems berad Semdgariyo (iqve, kb.
k’v). Tavis saqcielis gasamarTleblad xanZTelma arqiman-
dritma iesos Semdegi sityvebi moiyvana (iqve. k’v); „acadeT
yrmebsa magas mosulad Cemda da nu ayenebT magaT, rameTu
ege viTarca ars sasufeveli caTa“ (maTe XIX, 14 markoz
X. 14). ra Tqma unda iesos am sityvebs araviTari kavSiri
ara aqvs monazonobasTan da sul sxva azriT iyo naTqva-
mi. cxadia, rom ymawvilebisa da mcirewlovanebis berad
Seyenebas araviTari mniSvneloba ara hqonda, imitom rom
monazonobis aRTqma adamians nebayofilobiT Tavis sur-
viliT da Segnebulad unda daedo, bavSvebs ki, rasakvir-
velia, ar SeeZloT SeegnoT, Tu ra iyo an qalwulobis
dacva, an ara da siglaxakisa da upovarebis aRTqmis as-
ruleba. ymawvilebis berad aRkvecis dros monazonobis
ZiriTadi da arsebiTi mcneba irRveoda da amasTanac ada-

414
mianis piradobis Tavisufleba ZaldatanebiT ilaxeboda,
amitom, rom xuTi an aTi wlis bavSvs veravin Seatyobs,
SeZlebs an moindomebs Tu ara, rom qalwuloba daicvas
SemdegSi da srul siRaribeSi airCios cxovreba. amgva-
rad monastrebSi iseTi berebic iyvnen xolme, romelnic
Zalad iyvnen monasterSi Seyenebulni.
magram monaznebis miswrafeba da mimarTuleba amaze
ar SeCerebula. monastrebis damfuZneblebi da mamasax-
lisni xedavdnen, rom berebi samonastro mamulebis mov-
las da damuSavebas Zalian bevr dros andomebdnen, same-
urneo da sagamgeo saqmeSi amasTanave ise iyvnen garTul-
ni, rom xSirad srulebiT aviwydebodaT TavianTi pirda-
piri movaleoba da dadebuli aRTqma da mudmiv erTmane-
Tis kicxvaSi da kilvaSi iyvnen. rom es Tavidan moeSore-
binaT da monaznebi mSvidobianad yofiliyvnen da marto
TavianTi aRTqmis aRsrulebaze ezrunaT, monastrebis da-
maarsebelni da mamasaxlisebi cdilobdnen, rom berebi
sameurneo sazrunavsa da mamulis movla-SemuSavebas dae-
SorebinaT. samonastro mamulebis gamgeoba da mouravoba
eriskacebs Caabares, baRebSi, venaxebSi da mindvrad mu-
Sebs amuSavebdnen xolme. yvelaferi mza-mzareulad unda
mohrTmeodaT wminda mamebs, „raTa RvTisaTÂs oden gan-
kuTvnilni, mas mxolosa, TÂnier sawuroÁsa zrunvasa,
hzraxvidnen (da winaSe RvTisa) meoxebad kadnier iyvnen“
(1123 w. daviT aRmaSen. anderZi, Sio mR. ist. sab. 16). daviT
aRmaSenebelma TviTon gansazRvra da daukveTa, Tu ramde-
ni puri, Rvino da sxva yovelgvari sazrdo unda miscemo-
da dRiurad SiomRvimis monastris bers (SiomR. ist. sab.
16-17). amnairadve uzrunvelyofdnen berebs metadre yvela
kerZo an sakuTari monastrebis damfuZnebelni. amnairi
kerZo monastrebi – zemomoyvanil grigol xanZTelis
sityvebis winaaRmdeg, rom monastrebis daarseba mxolod
glaxakebs SeuZliaTo, blomad iyo saqarTveloSi, mag.,
mcxeTis kaTalikozis samwyos nusxadan cxadad Cans, rom
samcxe-saaTabagoSi yvela didebul aznaurTa gvarebs Ta-

415
vianTi sakuTari monastrebi hqondaT (ix. Бакрадзе  . 
Археолог.  путеш. по Гурии и Аджарь. gv. 79-80). rasakvirvelia, am
TiToeuli kerZo monastris patroni cdilobda, rom
sxvebisaTvis berebs mzrunvelobaSi ejobna da erTmaneTs
ejibrebodnen, vahanis monastris patroni mis mier aRwe-
ril samonastro tibikonSi ambobs: me „yovliT kerZo uz-
runvelobisa da umoqeneobisa ZmaTaÁsa maZiebel var da
raTa ara raÁTa iyvnen naklulevnni gauCine saCoÃedca...
agreTve purica da RvinoÁ gauCine, raTa miecemodis“...
(SiomR. ist. sab. 34-35). samonastro mamulebis movla-mou-
ravobaze igive ambobs: „sofelTa da agaraTa miwa monat-
risaTa saniadagod xelisuflad numca odes daidginebis
monazoni, aramed eris kacni daidgineboden“ (iqve, 39).
Tamar mefis istorikosic mogviTxrobs, rom saxe-
lovanma dedofalma varZiis monasteri aaSena da yvelaf-
riT uzrunvelhyo, bevri didi soflebi Seswira da „Se-
umzada trapezisa Semosavalni“ (qar. cx. z. WiWinaZis ga-
mocema, gv. 462).
ai sadamdis miiyvana, ai riT dabolovda monaznebis
wadili, rom zneobrivad sruli gamxdariyvnen da yovel-
gvari uTanxmoebisa da Suris mizezi moespoT: Sromis
sruli uaryofiT!... maT egonaT, raki berebs araviTari
qveyniuri saqme da sazrunavi ar eqnebodaT, maSin isini
mxolod RvTaebasa da zeciur sasufevelze ifiqrebdnen
da maT zneobriv sispetakes araferi ar Selaxavda.
ase da am mizezebis gamo uarhyves monaznebis Sroma
da muSaoba lukma purisaTvis. amnairive gza gaiara, ro-
gorc Cans, monazonobam sxva qveynebSiac, mag. somxeTsa
da asureTSi. mxolod dasavleT evropis mecnierebi sul
sxvanairad xsnian am Sromis uaryofis princips da amtki-
ceben, am SemTxvevaSiac Cveulebrivi saxelganTqmuli aR-
mosavleTis xalxTa sizarmace moCanso. prof. noldeke
(Noldeke)  mag. amtkicebs, viTomc efrem asuris sityva, ro-
melSiac igi monazonebs urCevs, miwis SemuSavebasa da me-
urneobas nu etanebiT, isev sjobia locvasa da RvTis

416
vedrebaSi gaataroT xolme droo, aRmosavleTis monazo-
nebis sizarmaces amtkicebdes mxolod. gamoCenili germa-
neli mecnieri ambobs Semdeg: „aRmosavleTis berebis si-
zarmacis saucxoo suraTs erTi patara asuruli moT-
xroba ionabadis Svilebze gvixatavs... iq sadili TavisTa-
vad uvardeba pirSi unaklulo keTilmorwmune kacs“
(Wiener Zeitschr. Für kunde d. Margenand. XVII B. 2 Heft,  gv. 197-8). ra-
sakvirvelia, es suraTi, cota ar iyos, sasaciloa, magram
mainc noldekes axsna swori ar aris. marTalia, Cven dav-
rwmundiT rom berebi cdilobdnen TavianTi moRvaweoba
da cxovrebis tvirTi SeemsubuqebinaT, magram amasTanave
Cven davrwmundiT, rom sul sxva garemoebam da survi-
lebma moafiqrebina, monazonebisaTvis Sroma da lukmapu-
ris sazrunavi Tavidan aecilebinaT. diax, Cven davrwmun-
diT: roca monastrebis damfuZnebelni da mamasaxlisebi
mzamzareul sursaTsa da sarCos uCendnen berebs da mu-
Saobas ukrZalavdnen, maT egonaT, roca monazonebi qvey-
niur Wirvarams moSordebian, maSin Suri da uTanxmoeba
aRar iqneba maT Soris da zneobrivad wminda da sruli
gaxdebiano. diaxac, aRmosavleTis monazonebi gulwrfe-
lad itanjebodnen da surdaT, rom SfoTi da siZulvili
Tavidan aecilebinaT da Zmuri, qristesmier siyvaruli
daemyarebinaT TavianT savaneSi, mxolod amis misaRwevad,
Surisa da Cxubis mospobis gulisaTvis ambobdnen, uars
meurneobasa da muSaobaze. ai, magaliTad, ra garemoebam
moafiqrebina somex berebs baRisaTvis Tavi mienebebinaT.
„pirvel berebma, gviambobs gamoCenili somexTa mqadage-
belni vardani, romlebmac es udabno aRmoaCines da moaw-
yves TiTqmis am ormoci wlis winaT, bevri kargi xexili
Cahyares. magram es ori weliwadi iqneba swored, rac eS-
makma Cvens Soris RvarZli da Suri, Cxubi da davidaraba
CamosTesa am xexilebis gamo; es ori weliwadi sul mud-
miv mtrobasa da mwuxarebaSi gavatareT da veraferi ver
viRoneT, rom Cxubi da siZulvili mogvespo rogorme, da
boroteba avi sulebis STagonebiT dRiTidRe izrdeboda.

417
erT kviras SeviyareniT Zmebi da vTqviT, risi maqnisia
CvenTvis es xexilebi an risi gulisTvis vCxubobT Cven,
qristem ara brZana marjvena Tvalis amoReba da marjvena
xelis mokveTa da gangdeba, xolo ase sulisa cxoneba,
sTqves Zmebma; mere yvelani Tavis waldis asaRebad wavid-
nen da Cven yvela mivadeqiT da yvela xexili gavkafeT,
asze meti, _ cxra senakebis win rom darguli iyo, TuTi-
sa, kaklisa, komSisa, qliavisa, gargarisa da muxis xeebi,
Tan me, codvili, vamxnevebdi Zmebsa da veubnebodi; nu ge-
SinianT, vinc ase iqceva, is miiRebs sasyidelsa da ara
sasjels, dideba Cvens udabnos da ara sircxvili. ese
moviqeciT Cven... da damyarda Rrma simSvide“ (ixile Маррь. 
Сборник притчь Вардана.  1, 317-18).
rasakvirvelia, amisTana, SemTxvevebSi logikuri
Secdoma mosdiodaT, imitom rom mtrobisa da SuRlis mi-
zezs iq ar eZebdnen, sadac budobda; isini xexilsa, xvna-
Tesvasa da sameurneo muSaobas abralebdnen xolme, nam-
dvilad yovelgvari qiSpobis da siZulvilis mizezi mo-
nazonebis Suriani xasiaTi da RvarZliani guli iyo. mar-
Talia, berebs aviwydebodaT, rom Suriani da xarbi ada-
mianebi usaqmodac da uvenaxodac advilad iSovnida
mtrobis sababs imitom, rom rusTavelis ar iyos, avsa
kacsa avi sityva urCevnia gulsa, sulsa; mainc zemomoyva-
nili magaliTi cxadad gviCvenebs, rom moTave berebs
gulwrfelad surdaT am saSualebiT iseTi pirobebi Se-
eqmnaT berebisaTvis, rom maT advilad mieRwiaT zneobriv
da sarwmuneobriv sispetakemde. Cven vxedavT, aq arafer
SuaSia aRmosavleTis xalxTa xmagavardnili sizarmace.
Cven davinaxeT, rom monaznebi, romelnic kerZo sa-
kuTrebas da qonebas gaurbodnen, isev sakuTrebasve daub-
rundnen; marTalia es sakuTreba sazogado, samonastro
sakuTreba iyo, magram mainc xom masSi yvelas edo wili.
am dros monaznebi jer kidev cdilobdnen, TavianTi Sro-
miT moepovaT sazrdo. Semdeg dros, rogorc davrwmun-
diT es ukanaskneli principic dairRva da gaqra. amgva-

418
rad monazonTa Zmoba didi mamulebisa da sxvadasxvanai-
ri sakuTrebis patronad gaxda, mravali mefis Seuvalo-
bis wignebi hqonda nawyalobebi, yovelgvar saxelmwifo
da xSirad saxelisuflebo gadasaxadebisagan iyo ganTa-
visuflebuli da Tavisi ofliT ki ar cxovrobda, aramed
ymebis ofliTa da namuSevariT irCenda Tavs da amgvarad,
sxvisi ofliT surda zneobrivi sispetake daemkvidrebina.
oRondac, am dros monaznebs araviTari ufleba ar hqon-
daT TavianT TavisaTvis winandebulad „glaxakis“ saxe-
li daeZaxnaT. monaznebi amieridan didebulTa da pat-
ronTa wodebas ufro ekuTvnodnen, vidre umiwawylo Ra-
rib-Ratakebs.
rasakvirvelia, amnair gzas yvela monasteri ar
dadgomia; zogierTi cdilobda, pavle mociqulis mcneba
pirnaTlad aesrulebina, magram maT ar SeeZloT  sazoga-
do moZraoba SeeCerebinaT. ueWvelia, SemoiRes Tu ara sa-
monastro cxovrebis wesi da martomyofelobas zurgi
Seaqcies, maSin axali wesis mowinaaRmdege bevri aRmoC-
ndeboda da ubrZolvelad TavianT upiratesobas ar da-
uTmobda; iqneb saqarTveloSi iseTi gamwvavebuli brZola
ar yofiliyos, rogorc aTonis mTaze (ix.  Порфирiи  аQн. 
1877, gv. 177-183), magram mainc srulebiT mSvidobianad arc
Cveni meudabnoeni dauTmobdnen asparezs. qarTuli samo-
nastro mwerloba jer srulebiT xeluxlebelia, da, Se-
saZlebelia, SemdegSi iseTi Txzulebebi aRmoCndes, ro-
melTac amgvari brZolis kvali emCneodes. iqneb swored
meudabnoeTa kicxva-kritika hqonda saxeSi, roca grigol
xanZTeli ambobda, unda SemoviRo „iseTi wesi saRmTo sa-
eklesio eklesia Sina Cemsa ganwesebad brZenTagan ganu-
kiTxvelio“ (grigol xanZTelis cxovreba, gv. iÀ).
aqamdis Cven saubari gvqonda monaznebze, romelnic
sazogadoebis qvelmoqmedebiT cxovrobdnen; axla Cven me-
ore jgufze gveqneba laparaki, saxeldobr, glaxakebsa
da maTxovrebze. zemoT ukve gamorkveuli iyo, Tu romel
maTxovars hqonda ufleba sazogadoebis qvelmoqmedeba

419
mieRo. axla Cven im zneobrivi moZRvrebis Sesaxeb unda
CamovagdoT saubari, Tu ra Tvisebisa unda yofiliyo qve-
lis saqmari. rom misi micema zneobriv Rvawls warmoad-
gendes. sayuradReboa swored, rom im dros, roca monaz-
nebi darwmunebuli iyvnen, viTomc zneobrivi sifaqizis
dasacvelad saWiro iyos, rom adamians araferi qveyniuri
sazrunavi da samuSao ar awuxebdes da yvelaferi mza-
mzareuli sxvisi namuSevari mosdiodes. amave dros qar-
Tveli ganaTlebuli sazogadoeba imis sjaSi iyo, Tu ra
gziT naSovni unda iyos is fuli, romelsac saqvelmoqme-
dod moixmardnen. mere ra sakvirveli, zneobrivad faqizi
azri trialebda sazogadoebaSi amis Taobaze! mxolod
im fulis da qvelsaqmaris micema SeiZleboda, romelic
adamians Tavisi ofliT da sindisianad naSovni da SeZe-
neli hqonda. wamoidgineT, aznaurs saqvelmoqmedod ar
unda moexmara sapatrono da sabatono mamulis Semosava-
li, mefes _ saxelmwifo sargo. daviT aRmaSeneblis is-
torikosi mogviTxrobs, mefe glaxakebs rom qvelsaqmars
aZlevda xolme, „amas ara Tu xelosanTagan morTmeulsa
iqmodis, anu saWurWliT, aramed ÀeliTa TÂsiTa nadire-
bulTa“... (qarT. cxov. z. WiWinaZis gamoc. gv. 373). Tamar
mefis mematiane kidev gviambobs, rom saxelovani dedofa-
li „Ãelsaqmari mas ganyidis da egodeni fasi glaxakTa
miscis da ara samefo SemosavalTagan“ (iqve, 453).
„ÃeliTa TÂisiTa“ SeZenilsa da „Ãelsaqmars“ imi-
tom aZlevdnen xolme glaxakebs, rom qvelmoqmedeba mamu-
lisa an saxelmwifo Semosavlidan araviTar pirad zne-
obriv Rvawls ar warmoadgenda da metadre imis gamo,
rom adamians arc rodis ar SeeZlo eTqva, Tu ra gziT
aris SeZenili is fuli, romelic saxelmwifo an sapat-
rono Semosavlidanaa miRebuli. vis SeeZlo daemtkicebi-
na, rom igi mZlavrobiT an usamarTlod ar iyo Sekrebi-
li. mxolod is, rac adamians Tavisi ofliT, svindisie-
rad SeuZenia, mxolod is iyo wminda da saqvelmoqmedod,
moyvasisadmi Zmur Rrma siyvarulisa da sibralulisa ga-

420
mosacxadeblad gamosadegari. amgvarive zneobrivad faqi-
zi azri qvelsaqmaris Sesaxeb somxeTSic iyo gavrcele-
buli. cnobili mqadagebeli vardani, magaliTad amtki-
cebs, rom „mTavrisa an mefis da moZRvris saxli SeuZle-
belia udanaSaulo iyos Zarcva glejaSi, imitom rom maT
(mTavars, mefes, moZRvars) ar SeuZliaT gaigon simarTle,
an gulqva da boroti moxeleebis wyalobiT, an ara da
imitom, rom isini xan natyvenaviTa da naZarcviT, xan qur-
dobiTa da ZalmomreobiT an SurisZiebiT“ (Маррь. Сборн,
притчь Вардана). 
amgvarad, Cven vxedavT, rom im dros, roca monazne-
bi qalwulobisa da zneobrivi sispetakis idealiT ise
gatacebulni iyvnen, rom sameurneo muSaoba da sakuTari
xeliT lukma puris Wamis saWiroeba uaryves da muSaobis
Rvawli daamcires, amave dros zemoaRniSnulma faqizma
zneobrivma moZRvrebam qarTveli mowinave sazogadoeba
daarwmuna, rom mxolod sakuTaris muSaobiT SeZenili
qoneba akeTilSobilebda adamians. mxolod sazogadoebis
es Sexeduleba amaRlebda glexkacobis da ymebis cxovre-
bis mZime tvirTs.
sad gaCnda pirvelad es sagulisxmiero zneobrivi
Sexeduleba qvelsaqmaris aucilebeli Tvisebis Sesaxeb?
Cven vnaxeT, rom igi gavrcelebuli iyo somxeTSi, aseve
dasavleT evropaSic (ix. Batzinger,  Geschichte  d.  kirch.  Armenpfl 
gv.  116,234). marTalia, ioane oqropiris nawerebSiac aqa-iq
moipoveba msgavsi azrebi, magram arsebobda Tu ara amnai-
rive moZRvreba bizantiaSi Semdeg saukuneebSi, swored im
dros, roca igi gavrcelebuli iyo saqarTvelosa da
somxeTSi, es jer gamorkveuli ar aris. xolo dasavleT
evropas ar SeeZlo saqarTvelosa somxeTze pirdapir
hqonoda gavlena. amis gamo es sakiTxi, Tu rogor da ro-
dis gavrcelda igi Cvens qveyanaSi, jerjerobiT gamour-
kveveli unda darCes.
rasakvirvelia, Tundac rom maSindel qarTvel sa-
zogadoebaSi yvelas daewyo muSaoba da SeZenili fuli

421
da gakeTebuli xelsaqme mTlad glaxakebisaTvis moendo-
mebinaT, mainc sakmarisi ar iqneboda da usaxsaro da Ra-
ribi xalxi Sesabamis daxmarebas ver eRirseboda. marTa-
lia, qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSi, roca saerTo aRa-
pebs marTavdnen xolme, Rarib xalxs SeeZlo, cotadac
aris, mSieri kuWi gaeZRo, magram TandaTan es Cveulebac
gadavarda da saaRapo qonebas Semdeg saukuneebSi saqar-
TveloSi monastrebs swiravdnen xolme. esec berebs Cau-
vardaT xelSi da glaxakebi xelcarieli darCnen. sazo-
gadoebis qvelmoqmedebis wyaro orad gaiyo. upiratesoba
rasakvirvelia, monaznebs ekuTvnodaT da glaxakTa qvel-
moqmedebis nakaduli daiSriteboda, am dros rom saerTo
mmarTveloba, saqarTvelos mTavroba ar mihSveleboda
Rarib-Ratak xalxs, IX sauk. bagrat kurapalatma daawesa
saqarTveloSi glaxakTa nawili (cxovreba grigol xan-
ZTelis, gv. lm.). Tamar mefis mematianes sityvebidan Cans,
rom es daweseba XIII saukunemde arsebobda saqarTveloSi
(ix. qar,. cxov. z. WiWinaZis gamoc. 49).
saidan warmosdgeba es daweseba, vin urCia bagrat
kurapalats glaxakTa nawilis SemoReba? SemoiRo bag-
ratma sxva qveynebis mibaZviT, Tu amgvar dawesebis sa-
Wiroeba TviTon qarTvelebma igrZnes? 10% gadasaxadi
glaxakTa sasargeblod dasavleT evropaSiac arsebob-
da. b. ratcingeri sabuTianad amtkicebs, rom ebraele-
bis 10% gadasaxadi glaxakTa sasargeblod qristiano-
bis pirvel xanebSi wminda mamebma uarhyves imitom, rom
maT saWirod ar miaCndaT, qvelmoqmedebis raodenoba
gansazRvruli yofiliyo; Tu saWiro iqneboda lmobi-
ers da saTno qristians aramc Tu Tavis Semosavlis
10%, mTeli Tavisi qonebac ar unda dahSureboda da
daezogna. mxolod VI sauk. dasasruls galiis eklesia-
Si, saxeldobr, turis samRvdlo krebaze, xelmeored
SemoiRes ebrauli 10% saqvelmoqmedo gadasaxadi Semo-
savalze, magram es gadasaxadi wesierad ar Semohqon-
daT eklesiaSi. Semdeg karlos didma (768-814) isev

422
brZaneba gamosca, rom TiToeulma morwmune qristianma
10% saqvelmoqmedo gadasaxadi misces xolme eklesia-
so, magram am brZanebasac mxolod karlos didis si-
cocxlis dros asrulebdnen. Semdeg es gadasaxadi fe-
odalebma Caigdes xelSi da Tavis sasargeblod moixma-
res. ase gadavarda da moiSala karlos didis gankar-
guleba 10% saqvelmoqmedo gadasaxadis Sesaxeb.
vifiqroT: 10% saqvelmoqmedo gadasaxadi safran-
geTis mibaZviT SemoiRoo bagratma saqarTveloSi, Wku-
asTan axlo ar iqneba imitom, rom Cveni qveyana da saf-
rangeTi metismetad arian erTmaneTze daSorebulni,
xolo arsebobda Tu ara amgvari gadasaxadi bizantiaSi
gamorkveuli ar aris. jerjerobiT viciT mxlod, rom
mTavrobam bizantiaSi glaxakebze zrunva samRvdeloe-
bas miando (K. Müller. Kivchgeschichte, gv. 284). 
saqarTveloSi ki bagratma saxelmwifo saqvelmoq-
medo nawili daawesa. CvenSi samRvdeloeba ki ar aZlev-
da da anawilebda saqvelmoqmedo Tanxas, aramed TviTon
saero mTavroba. amitom SeuZlebelia am saqvelmoqmedo
nawilis SemoRebas saqarTveloSi pirdapiri damokidebu-
leba hqondes bizantiasa da safrangeTTan, amis garda
saqaTveloSi saqvelmoqmedo Tanxa 10% gadasaxadisagan
ki ar iyo Semdgari, aramed mTel saxelmwifos Semosav-
lis da dapyrobil qveynebis xarjis 10% qvelmoqmedebas
axmardnen; erTi sityviT, saqarTveloSi arsebobda sa-
xelmwifo da ara saeklesio an kerZo saqvelmoqmedo
Tanxa. amis gamo SeuZlebelia, rom igi mahmadianebis 10%
saqvelmoqmedo gadasaxdiT mibaZviT yofiliyo SemoRebu-
li saqarTveloSi. saqvelmoqmedo Tanxis gasanawileb-
lad Tamar mefis dros mzrunvelebi („zedamxedvelni“)
iyvnen dayenebuli. istorikosi ambobs, magaliTad, rom
Tamar mefes glaxakTaTÂs ganeCines sarwmunoni zedam-
dgomelni da yovelsa samefosa missa Semosavalni, roca
iyo, Sin da gareT, yovlisa naaTali glaxakT miecemoda

423
daukleblad erTisa qarTulisa daukleblad“ (qarT. cx.
z. WiWinaZis gam. gv. 490).
erTi sityviT, Cven vxedavT, rom zneobriv movale-
obis asrulebaze qarTveli sazogadoeba da mTavroba
samRvdeloebaze naklebad ar zrunavda. Tu gavixsenebT,
agreTve, rom daviT aRmaSenebelma savaadmyofo daarsa,
sadac TviT mefe drogamoSvebiT sinjavda xolme saW-
mlis gemos da sacvlebis sisufTaves, maSin ar SeiZle-
ba adamianma ara sTqvas, rom qarTveli sazogadoeba Ta-
vis droze uZlur da sneul moyvasTa tanjvis Sesamsu-
buqeblad did mzrunvelobas iCenda.

424
 danarTi 2

ivane javaxiSvili
adamiani Zvel qarTul mwerlobasa
da cxovrebaSi
I

$1. moZRvreba adamianze

adamianis sicocxle or mTavar nawilad iyofoda.

pirvel nawils yrmoba ewodeboda, meores hasaks eZex-
dnen. ,,hasaki” – qarTulSi sqesobrivi simwifis xaniT-
gan iwyeboda da ,,hasakad mosvlaÁ” am sqesobriv simwi-
fes ewodeboda. ruis-urbnisis saekelsio krebis Zeg-
lis weraSi naTqvamia, rom mcirewlovanobis dros sa-
colqmrod dawinduli qal-vaJni ,,raJams hasakad movi-
den, orive maSin iqorwinen”-o (q´kbi II, 64). eqvTime mTaw-
midelis mier naTargmns ,,ioane mmarxvelis Secodebis
kanon”-Si qarTuli sityvebi ,,uwinares hasakad mosvli-
sa... pirvel aTormetisa wlisa” berZnuli dednis sit-
yvebs ,,πρό ήβης“ udris (zaozerskisa da al. xaxanaSvi-
lis gamoc. 24, 27-29-25). berZnuli sityva η ήβη swored
sqesobrivi simwifisa wlovanebis aRsaniSnavad ixmare-
boda. ioane mmarxvelis TxzulebaSi am wlovanebis da-
sawyisad, maSasadame, mecamete weliwadi aris miCneuli
da amgvaradve gansazRvrulia es sakiTxi qalis hasakis
Sesaxeb ruis-urbnisis Zeglis weraSiac. iq naTqvamia:
,,qali aTormeti wlisasa umcroÁsi Nnumca Seyofil
ars qorwinebiT meuRlisada” (q’kbi II, 64).
vaJis hasaki ufro gvian iwyeboda. es TviT bunebis
kanoni aris, raki misi sqesobrivi simwife qalisaze uf-
ro gvian iwyeba xolme. matiane qarTlisaÁs avtors gi-
orgi I-is Sesaxeb naTqvami aqvs: is gamefda ,,Jams oden

425
siyrmisa da siWabukisa misisa, rameTu iyo raJams mefe
iqmna wlisa aTequsmetisa”-o (473, gv. 247). am sityvebidan
Cans, rom Teqvsmeti wlis vaJi ukve Wabukad iTvleboda.
magram raki istorikosi xazgasmiT ambobs: ,,Jamsa oden
siyrmisa da siWabukisa”-o, safiqrebelia, rom meTeqvsme-
te weliwadi am siWabukis, anu vaJis sqesobrivi simwi-
fis swored dasawyisad unda CaiTvalos, siyrmisa da
siWabukis sazRvari iyo, ukanasknelis pirvel an meore
weliwadad yofila miCneuli. msoflio eklesiis sju-
lis kanonSiac vaJi ukve meTxuTmete wliTgan hasakad
mosulad iTvleboda (ix. А.  Павлов,  Номоканон  при  больш. 
Требнике, me-2 gam. 1897 w. gv. 176 ).
hasakis, viTarca sqesobrivi simwifis dasawyisi
wlovanebis mniSvneloba TavisTavad cxad-hyofs, rom
vinc ,,uhasakoÁ” iyo, is bavSvad, ymawvilad unda CaT-
vliliyo. efTÂme mTawmidels ioane mmarxvelis Tar-
gmanSi naTqvami aqvs: ,,uhasakoÁ... igi ars qali, qalwu-
li... uwinares hasakad mosvlisa... pirvel aTerTmetisa
wlisa” (kan. SEcod. 24, 26, 29). qalis garda SeiZleboda,
rasakvirvelia, yofiliyo ,,yrmaÁ uhasakoÁ” (iqve). qarTu-
li ,,uhasako” berZnuli dednis παις ,,paÁs”-s udris (iq-
ve), rac bavSvs niSnavs.
maSasadame, ,,uhasakoÁ” Tavisi wlovanebiT ,,yrmaÁ”-s
Sesatyvisadac ixmareboda, ymawvils udrida. yrmoba
bavSvobis xanas ewodeboda, giorgi xucesmonazoni mag.
ambobs: ,,ars CveulebaÁ yrmaTa velad gansvlisa mRerad
da gancxromad” (cÁgi mTwmdlsÁ: 287), bavSvebs mindvrad
TamaSoba-garToba uyvarTo.
amisda mxiedviT, ,,siyrme” unda siymawvilis xanas
niSnavdes da swored asec aris es sityva naxmari
efTÂme mTawmidlis mier Semdeg winadadebaSi: Tu bo-
rotmoqmedeba ,,SeemTxva anu siyrmisa, anu siglaxakisa-
gan”-o (i’e mmarx., kan. Secod. 24,10), romelic berZnuli

426
dednis azrs δια τÁν ¢νηλικιώτητα (iqve, 25) gamomxatvelia,
xolo slavuri Targmanis ,,невозрастние»-ს უდრის (იქვე).
მაგრამ შემდეგში, და, როგორც ჩანს, უკვე XII ს-ში ამ
ტერმინს საზოგადო და ფართო მნიშვნელობაც მიeნიჭა და
მას ახალგაზრდობის გამოსახატავადაც ხმარობდნენ. სწორედ
ასე არის ,,სიყრმე“ შოთას დიდებულ ქმნილებაSი
ნაგულისხმევი, სადაც ნათქვამია:
,,მიჯნურისა თვალად სიტურფე marTebs...
სიბრძნე, სიმდაბლე, სიუხვე, სიყრმე და მოცალეობა“.
ადამიანის სიცოცხლის ზემოაღნიშნულ ორ მTავარ
ნაწილს, ყრმობასაც და ჰასაკსაც, თავის მხრივ ცალ-ცალკე
ნაწილად ჰყოფდნენ ხოლმე და თითოეულ მათგანს
საკუთარი სახელი ეწოდებოდა. ჰასაკი სახელდობრ სამად
იყო დანაწილებული წლოვანებისდა მიხედვით; პირველი
წლოვანების ადამიანს ,,ჭაბუკი“ ერქვა, მეორე წლოვანებისას
_ ,,შუა-კაცი“ უკანასკნელს ხანშიშესულობისას _ ,,beri” (ru-
is-urbnisis Zeglis-wera, q’kbi II, 68). berikacobis Rrma
moxucebulobis xanasac Tavisi saxeli hqonda da am
wlovanebis adamians ,,dReTa simravliTa mimÃcovnebu-
li” (JamTaaR. 737, gv. 558) ewodeboda.
,,Wabuki” da ,,siWabuke” viwro da specialuri mniS-
vnelobiT naxmari, termini ,,hasaki”-sgan im mxriv gan-
sxvavdeboda, rom ukanaskneli sqesobrivi simwifis
wlovanebis aRmniSvneli iyo, pirveli ki davaJkacebis
xanis da vaJkacisa. amas efTÂme mTawmidelis naTargmni
ioane mmarxvelis Txzulebac amtkicebs, sadac berZnu-
li dednis winandadebas εχ πρώτης ½λιχιαj το‹ς άνθρώ
έπισομβχινειν (kan. Secod.21) da slavuri Targmnis ,,оть 
прьяя  возрасти  и  в  ч’лны  входити” (iqve) qarTulad udris
,,hasa-kad raÁ siWabukesa movides” (iqve, 20, 23). maSasada-
me, ,,siWabuke” aq vaJkacobis Sesatyvisad aris naxmari.
jer kidev zedmiwevniT Tqma ar SegviZlia, Tu ra
wlovanebamde iTvleboda adamiani Wabukad. ioane saba-

427
nisZis naTqvamiTgan cxadia mxolod, rom 17-18 wlis
ymawvili kaci jer kdiev Wabukad iTvleboda. abo tfi-
lelze mas sxvaTa Soris naTqvami aqvs; ,,ase iyo yrma
Wabuk viTar aTrvametisa wlisa, gina ukninÀs aTSÂdme-
tisa wlisa”-o (wmb’aÁ haboÁsi 15).
adamianis cxovrebaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelo-
ba srulwlovanebas hqonda, romelic iyo misi ,,hasaki
sisrulisaÁ”. dimitri II Tavis Tavze ambobs: me yrma
,,RmerTman, RmrTismSobelman... da juarman patiosanman...
mimawia hasakad sisrulisa”-o (JamTaaTmw. 895, gv. 736).
srulwlovaneba anu ,,hasaki sisrulisa” sxvadasxvagva-
ri arsebobda: samoqalaqoc iyo, politikuric da sam-
xedroc. es sami cneba erTi-erTmeneTs ar udrida da
ar eTanasworeboda. vinc samxedro moqmedebis monawi-
leobisTvis momwifebuli iyo, imas ewodeboda ,,sruli
dReTa brZalaTaTÂs”. qarTveli JamTaaTmwereli dimit-
ri Tavdadebulis Sesaxeb ambobs, rom 1281 w. amasis
brZolis dros ,,mefe dimitri... jereT ara sruli iyo
dReTa brZolaTaTÂs” (383, gv. 727).
samwuxarod, uZveles qarTul saistorio da iuri-
diul wyaroebSi jer arsad pirdapiri cnobebi ar moi-
poveba zemodasaxelebuli sxvadasxva srulwlovanebis
xanis gansazRvrisaTvis. marTalia, efTÂme mTawmidelis
naTargmn TxzulebaSi weria, rom ,,yoveli codvaÁ, ro-
meli uwinarÀs l (30) wlisa hasakisa SemTxveul visda
iyos, usubuqesad ganikanonebis, rameTu vidre l(30)
wlamde umecnebaÁ gonebisaÁ da mÀurvalebaÁ ÃorcTaÁ
didad mZlavrobs kacsa”-o (i’e mmarx. kan. Secod. 46, 13-
18), magram es azri berZnuli dednisaa arsebiTad, Tum-
ca iq cota sxvanairad aris igi gamoTqmuli. amasTanave
arc is viciT, miRebuli iyo ioane mmarxvelis es moZ-
Rvreba qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi, Tu ara? metad
saeWvoa, rom ocdaaT wlamde damnaSaves saqarTveloSi
amgvari SeRavaTi miscemoda. mefe vaxtang VI ambobs
mxolod, rom ,,aTs wlamdis, ymawvilis naqnaris saqmisa,

428
rasac feris avis kacis naqnars, avs saqmesTan ar Caig-
debis” imitom, rom ,,ymawvilobiT da uWkuobiT uqnia”-o
(sam.$187). amaze ufrosi ymawvilic ki pasuxismgebeli
iyo, miT umetes safiqrebelia, rom Wabuks ocdaaT
wlamde sasjels ar Seuqmsubuqebdnen.
XI-XIV ss. ZeglebSi mainc oriode cnoba srulha-
sakovnebisaTvis savaldebulo wlovanebis gamosarkve-
vad saqarTveloSi mogvepoveba da, ase Tu ise, am mniS-
vnelovani sakiTxis gamorkveva SesaZlebeli xdeba. ju-
anSers Tavis saistorio nawarmoebSi naTqvami aqvs, rom
juanSer spaspetma vaxtang gorgasals moaxsena: osebis
Semosevebisagan bevri mwuxareba gvinaxavs am xuTi
wlis ganmavlobaSi imitom, ,,rameTu yrma iyav da ara
Zalgedva mÃedroba da wyobaTa winamZRuroba da arca
Sina mefobisa gangeba, aw, mefeo daRacaTu srul xar
sibrZniTa, ZaliTa da simÃniTa da asakiTa, aramed
gakls sisrule dReTa mÃedrobisaTÂs, xolo vxedav
sibrZnesa Sensa, daRacaTu yrma xar, aramed Zalgic
gangeba mefobisa, aramed mÃedrobisa da wyobisa winam-
ZRurobisa [da] ganwyobisa Senisa ara ars Jami”-o (c’Á
mf’saÁ vaxt’ng grg’slÁ 310, gv. 127). momdevno moTxro-
bisgan irkveva, rom, rodesac ganvlo kari ,,darialani-
sa Sesvlisa ovseTad, iyo vaxtang wlisa Tequsmetisa”
(iqve, 314, gv. 129). maSasadame 16 wlis ufliswuls, gan-
sakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi mainc, ukve qveynis marTva-gam-
geobis tvirTva SeeZlo, magram samxedro moqmedebisaT-
vis am dros is jer srulhasakovnad ar iTvleboda.
JamTaaRmwerelsac aRniSnuli aqvs, rom amasis
(hemsis) brZolaSi ,,mefe dimitri (Tavdadebuli)... jereT
ara sruli iyo dReTa ,,brZolaTaTÂs” (884, gv. 727). am
dros ki igi unda 20-21 wlisa yofiliyo (ix. amis Sesa-
xeb Cemi ,,q’li eris istoria”, III). safiqrebelia, rom 21-
22 wliTgan samxedro srulhasakovnobac iwyeboda.

429
 adamiani iTvleboda ,,sakrvelad grZnobadisa da
gonierisa mefobisad”*,§§grZnobisa da gonierebis samya-
rosa da niWis SemaerTeblad. es Tviseba adamians TviT
RvTaebis xatebas amsgavsebda (daviT aRmaSeneblis ,,ga-
lobani sinanulisani” q’kbi II, 104 da m. sabininis sq’ls
samoTxe 514). amitom arc gasakvirvelia, Tu rom adamia-
nis suliersa da gonebriv niWs gansakuTrebul yurad-
rebas aqcevdnen.
ioane sabanisZe Tavis mimarTvaSi msmenelebs
sTxovda: ,,survieliTa guliTa momipyreniT saCinoni
ege sasmenelni Tquenni da ufroÁsRa sacnobelni ege
yurni gulisa Tqvenisa da gonebaTa TquenTani ganhmar-
teniT smenad da maspinZel eqmneniT sityuaTa amaT Cem-
Ta”-o (wamebaÁ haboÁsi 6). qarTveli istorikosis am
sityvebidan cxadi xdeba, rom misi SexedulebiT, yovel
adamians abadia, rasakvirvelia ,,saCino sasmelni”, anu
smenis organo, yurebi, magram amasTanave aqvs, agreTve,
,,yurni gulisa da gonebisani”, romelnic gareTgan ar
Canan da amitom albaT uCinar sasmenlad iTvlebodnen.
istorikos juanSersac erTgan naTqvami aqvs, rom
vaxtang gorgasalma sindTa mefes uTxra: ,,Sen brma xar
gonebisa TualiTa da yru xar gonebisa yuriTa-o, ami-
tom ara xedav da arca gesmis, arca uwyi cxoreba sru-
li”-o (c’Á vaxtang grg’slaÁ 380-381, gv. 172). am istori-
kosis sityvebiTganac irkveva, rom gamonaTqvami da cne-
ba gonebisa ,,yuri” marto ioane sabanisZis pirad Tavi-
seburebasa da rwmenas ar Seadgenda, aramed VIII-XI da
ueWvelia Semdeg saukuneebSiac saqarTveloSi sayovel-
Taod miRebuli yofila. amas garda, juanSeris Txzu-
lebis zemomoyvanili winadadebiTgan Cans, rom rogorc
erTis mxriT ,,saCinoni sasmenelni”, anu saCinoni yurni

                                                            
*
T. Jordanias gamocemaSi dabeWdilia, ,,mefobisad”-is magier,
rogorc sabinins aqvs, ,,myofobisad”, rac, albaT, gadamweris
Secdoma unda iyos.

430
iyo da meores mxriT ,,gonebisa yurnic”, iseve yovel
adamians agreTve hqonda ,,gonebis Tualni” da imave
dros rasakvirvelia ,,saCinoni Tualnic”.
Tu ,,yurni gulisa”, SemdegSi ,,gulisyur”-ad qceu-
li, qarTuls SenarCunebuli aqvs viTarca Cveulebrivi
sityva da specialuri termini, romelsac yoveli Cven-
gani xmarobs da romelic s. orbelianis ganmartebiT,
TiTqos unda iyos ,,moswavleTagan swrafad smena, swra-
fad swavla, mixdoma da qna” (leqsik.) namdvilad ki yu-
radRebis aRmniSvnelia, ,,gonebis yurni” da ,,gonebis
Tualni” qarTul mermindel mwerlobas TiTqos ar ga-
mouyenebia da gdaviwyebuli aqvs: TviT saxelovan qar-
Tvel leqsikografsac ki es terminebi Tavis naSromSi
ar Seutania, magram metad sayuradReboa da adamianis
sulieri moqmedebis friad sagulisxmo da mniSvnelo-
vani Tvisebis gamomxatvelia. ueWvelia orive es termi-
ni im dakvirvebaze unda iyos damyarebuli, rom adami-
ans gareSe sagnis da bgeris TvaliTa da yuriT aRqmis
niWis garda SeuZlia sagnebis gamoxatuleba da bgeris
JRera gareTgan aRuqmeladac, agreTve, ,,gonebiTad war-
moidginos” TiTqmis iseTive sicxadiT, rogorc sinam-
dvileSi.
magram adamians amnairadve, rasakvirvelia, utyvi
laparakic SeuZlia, rodesac metyvelebis organo
sdums da mxolod gonebiT warmoebs xolme Sinagani,
gonebiT metyveleba. ioane sabanisZes aRniSnuli aqvs,
rom abo tfilelis gadabireba rom undodaT da sap-
yrobileSi macduri pirebi ebaasebodnen, is gaCumebuli
yofila: ,,arais mennmaTsa, aramed ilocavn da uRarRi-
lod**** fsalmuneb gonebiTa TÂsiTa”-o. xolo rodesac
maTi laparaki mohbezrebia, abos ganucxadebia: ,,Cemdamo
                                                            
* s. orbelianis ganmartebiT ,,RarRili” TiTqos ,,mcire ram az-
ri” und aiyos (leqsik.), magram aseTi ganmarteba da mniSvneloba
ioane sabanisZis Txzulebis am winadadebas srulebiT ar udge-
ba. aq ,,uRarRilod”, ueWvelia, niSnavs ,,usityvod”-s.

431
nuras ityodeT, rameTu me viTarca yrusa ara mesmoda,
viyav me viTarca kaci usmi da viTarca utyuman raÁ ara
aRaRis piri TÂsi, romlisa Tana ara ars pirsa missa
sityuaÁ”, tyuilad Tavs nu iwuxebT, Cemgan pasuxs ver
eRirsebiTo (w’mbaÁ haboÁsi 26). maSasadame, arsebobda
xmianica da uxmo, utyvi laparakic, romelsac albaT
gonebis ena erqmeoda.
rogorc arsebobs metyvelebis organos nakli,
rodesac adamians laparakis dros ena ebmis da zogi-
erTi bgeris gamoTqma eZneleba, romelsac ,,enabrgvni-
lobaÁ” ewodeboda, iseve ixsenieba ,,enabrgvniloba igi
sulisaÁ” (g. xucesmonazoni, c’g’i m Tw’mdlsÁ 281), e.i.
aqac gonebiTi enis enabrgvniloba igulisxmeba. amgva-
rad, Zveli qarTuli moZRvrebisda Tanaxmad, adamians
abadia Tvalis, yurisa da enis organoebi da amas gar-
da gonebisa: Tvali, yuri da enac aqvs.
goneba adamianis saukeTeso niWi da samkaulia imi-
tom, rom gonebaÁ aris, rom adamianis mTel moqmedebas
,,ganagebs farulad da uxilavad” (c’Ái’e urhaelisaÁ, k.
kekeliZis gam. X B,  II  327). TviT metyvelebis niWic xom
,,Sobil ars gonebisagan” da ,,sityuaÁ” mxolod imas
,,Targmanebs, raÁca iyos gonebasa Sina” (iqve). roca ka-
ci dums da ,,vidremdis ara iSves sityuaÁ misgan”, manam-
dis aki arc ,,aravin icis, Tu ra ars gulsa moyuasisa
TÂsisa” (iqve). adamianma rom Tavisi ,,namuSakevni guli-
sani”, e.i. nafiqri da gulisnadebi gamosTqvas unda ,,aR-
Zras” rasakvirvelia ,,orRanoni da saqanelni metyuele-
bisani”, romelTac gonebis naazrevis ,,ena_bageTa_Sori-
sobiT madidebelisa nektaris” warmoCena SeuZliaT. ni-
koloz kaTalikozi ambobs: ,,aRvZrneT-ve orRanoni da
saqanelni metyuelebisani da uxuebiT ukuÀ warmoacen-
ebdin namuSakevTa gulisaTa enabageTa _ SorisobiT ma-
dinebelsa mas nektarsa... da vityodiT sityuaTa Sesmi-
saTa”-o (sakiTxavi svetis cxovelisaÁ. 118).

432
 rasakvirvelia, adamians gonebis nayofiereba, niWi
da brZnuli sidinje Cveulebriv SuaxanSi da xanSiSe-
sulobisas emCnevaa xolme, rodesac mas is ,,keTili mo-
xucebulobaÁ gonebisaÁ” amSvenebs, romelic swored
rom ,,ars gonierebaÁ” kacisaÁ (g. merCule, c\Á gg’l,
À’nZTl’si gv. e$g). magram ukve g. merCules aRniSnuli
aqvs, rom adamianis gonierebasa da gonebriv niWSi Ta-
vi-da-Tavi imdenad ,,ara mravali Jami ars da arac
ricx dReTaÁ aRracxil”, ramdenadac es bunebisa da
gangebisagan Tandayolili Tviseba iyo (iqve). amitomac
iyo, rom ,,ara Tu mravlisa Jamisani arian brZen” auci-
lebriv, aramed Wabukic WkuiT SeiZleboda imdenad ux-
vad yofiliyo dajildoebuli, rom mas xanSi Sesulze
metad hqonoda sulieri ,,mÃcovanebaÁ” da ,,keTili mo-
xucebulebaÁ gonebisaÁ” (iqve). amisda mixedviT iyvnen
,,mÃcovanni hasakiTaca da gonebiTa” (vahanis monast.
Zegli, SiomR. ist. sab. 39), magram iseTebic iyvnen, ro-
melnic mxolod hasakiT iyvnen ,,mÃcoanni”, an mxolod
,,gonebiT” iTvlebodnen mxcovanebad.
maSinac kargad icodnen, rom swavlisaTvisac Ta-
visi dro arsebobs, rom ukve dahasakebuli adamianis
ganswavla metad Zneli iyo. amaze metic iTqmis, xSirad
,,SeuZlebel iyo hasakTa srulTa da ganmwÂsebulTagan
swavla”, amitom visi swavlebac hsurdaT, unda patara-
obiTganve daewyebinebinaT, rodesac giorgi xuces-mona-
zonis sityviT, bavSvis ,,bunebaÁ igi lbili da CCÂli”
yvelafers advilad iTvisebs da ,,viTarca cÂli sabeW-
davsa, egreT miiRebs swavlulebasa” (cÁ’ g’i miwm’
dRisÁ 327).
ruis-urbnisis 1103 w. saeklesio krebam 8 wlis
ymawvilis ekelsiaSi wignis mkiTxvelad dadgenis uf-
leba darTo da es garemoeba gvafiqrebinebs, rom bav-
Svi amdroindel saqarTveloSi SesaZlebeli iyo 8
wlis ukve imdenad ganswavluli yofiliyo, rom sam-
Rvdelmsaxuro wignebis Segnebuli kiTxva SeZleboda.

433
radgan aseTi ganswavlisaTvis sakmao winaswari muSao-
ba iyo saWiro, amitom safiqrebelia, rom roca maSin
bavSvis swavleba surdaT, swavlas 5-6 wlisas awyebi-
nebdnen xolme.
saeklesio ganaTlebis garda, arsebobda saero ga-
naTlebac, romelTac ramdenime safexuri hqonda. maSin
miRebuli iyo ganTqmul moZRvrebTan da mecnierebTan
mibareba. ucxoeTSi saswavleblad wasvlac ki icodnen.
swavla-ganaTlebis saqmis Sesaxeb sagulixmo cnobebi
moipoveba, magram aq amaze saubari Sors wagviyvanda.
Zvel dros gonebis saqebar Tvisebad iTvleboda
,,simaxÂlÀgonebisaÁ”. amitom is adamiani, romelsac az-
rovnebisa da Segnebis siswrafec hqonda, iTvleboda
,,brZeni da gonieri gonebiTa da gulisÃmis yofiTa” (g.
mTawmideli, c’Á ie’si da efTÂm’si, 521-28). rasakvirvelia,
adamianis sulieri warmatebisaTvis marto es sakmarisi
ar iyo, aramed, Tu mas ,,miswrafebaÁ” da ,,gulmodgine-
baÁ” aklda, marto gonebis simaxviliT veras gaxdebo-
da. rodesac es ori Tviseba SeerTebuli iyo, maSin yve-
la darwmundeboda, rom amgvari TvisebebiT dajildoe-
buli adamiani didad dawinaurdeboda. giorgi xucesmo-
nazoni ambobs, mag., rom giorgi mTawmidelma ukve ymaw-
vilobaSi ,,aTormetsa mas welsa yovelive moswrafebaÁ
da gulismodginebaÁ erTbaSad Semoikriba”, ise, rom
,,simaxviliTa gonebisaÁTa da moswrafebiTa mravalJam
gamocdilTa waremata da moswrafeTa gulsmodgineTa
simaxviliTa gonebisaÁTa aRemata”-o (c’Á g’i mT’wmdsÁ
291). maSasadame, ,,warmatebaÁ” jer bavSvis ,,moswarefba”-
zea damokidebuli, aseTs pirobebSi Tavisi bejiTi
swavliT mas SeeZlo TviT mravalJamgamocdilTaTvisac
ki ejobna da gaeswo. xolo Tanasworad moswrafeTa da
gulmodgineTa Soris is sjobnida, vinc maT Soris ,,si-
maxÂliTa gonebisaÁTa” aRemateboda. am ori Tvisebis
mixedviT msjelobdnen xolme bavSvis SesaZlebelsa da
mosalodnel momavalze. imave istorikoss aRniSnuli

434
aqvs, rom giorgi mTawmideli pataraobisasve ,,simaxÂli-
Ta da moswrafebiTa gonebisaÁTa sagonebel iyo mxil-
velTagan Tu aRyuavebasa Tana meyuseulad nayofsa ga-
moiRebs”-o (iqve, 287).
wlovanebasTan erTad adamianis gonebac izrdebo-
da: bavSvs: ,,yrma”-s rasakvirvelia ,,sityuaÁ da gonebaÁ
yrmebrivi” hqonda. mozrdils Tavisi hasakis Sesaferisi
gonebrivi simwife unda dastyoboda saubarsa da moqme-
debaSi. magram zogierTs fizikuri da gonebrivi zrda
Tanasworad ar uviTardeboda, aramed zogjer gonebri-
vi warmateba uCerdeboda xolme da srulhaskovan ada-
mians gonebrivi ganviTareba bavSvisas miugavda, ro-
gorc mag. bers efTÂme grZeliZes ganlaRebuli qcevis
gamo sosTenisaTvis uTqvams: ,,aw vxedav Sen Tana hasak-
sa srulsa, xolo sityuasa da gonebasa yrmebrivsa”-o
(ix. sityvisgebaÁ ,,saq. samoTxe”-Si 617). SeiZleba adamia-
ni ,,ugunuri”-c ki damdgariyo da srulhasakovnobis xa-
naSi gonierebis mier ,,ugunureba” (iqve, 619) gamoeCina.
,,goniereba”-c yvelas Tanasworad ar hqonda Tan-
dayolili: zogi am TvisebiT jerovnad iyo Semkuli da
,,gonieri” adamianis saxeli hqonda, rogorc mag., ioane
mTawmidelis Sesaxeb aris mis biografiaSi naTqvami,
rom is iyo ,,gonieri gonebiTada gulis ÃmisyofiTa”-o
(À’Ái’esi da efTÂi’si 5), zogs azrovnebis iseTi siRrme
da sidinje axasiaTebda, rom ,,brZeni” ewodeboda xol-
me (iqve da sxvaganac), _ zogs azrovnebis keTilSobi-
leba da Tavmdabloba amSvenebda, rogorc magaliTad
efTÂme mTawmidels, romelic iyo ,,gonebiTa wrfel da
mdabal” (g. mTawmideli 55), _ zogs swrafi azrovneba-
metyvelebis unari hqonda, ,,simaxÂleÁ gonebisaÁ” etyo-
boda giorgi mTawmindelsaviT, romlis Sesaxebac naT-
qvamia, rom ,,gankÂrda patriarqi (antioqiisa) episkopos-
Ta TÂsTa Tana simaxÂlesa gonebisa misisasa, rameTu,
viTarca mdinare dauwyuedelad, esreT diodes sityua-
ni... piriT misiT”-o (c’Á g’i mTw’idlsÁ 316); zogs kidev

435
,,silaRiTagonebisaÁTa” mohqonda Tavi (nikoloz kaTa-
likozi: sakiTxavi svetis cxovelisaÁ, vas. karbelaSvi-
lis gam. 101), _ dasasrul, zogi amiT uaRresad da
unaklod iyo dajildoebuli, iyo ,,umetesyovelTa kac-
Ta sruli gonebiTa” (JamTaaRr. 832, gv. 677).
umetesobas, rasakvirvelia, sisrulemde Cveuleb-
riv bevri uklia xolme da uklda kidec. rogorc goni-
erTa da niWierTa Soris, iseve am Tvisebebis bevrad Tu
cotad moklebulTa jgufSiac sxvadasxva safexurebi
arsebobda, saistorio da mxatvrul mwerlobaSi maT
Sesaxebac gvxdeba cnobebi.
,,matiane qarTlisaÁ” da sumbat daviTisZe ixsenie-
ben mag. bagrat II-s, romelic istoriaSi Tavisi metsaxe-
liT aris ufro cnobili. am ukanasknel avtors naTqva-
mi aqvs, rom sumbat kurapalatma ,,dautevna Zeni orni, _
bagrat erTisTavTa-erisTavi, romeli qarTvelT mefed
dasues regueni da adarnase kurapalati” (3 ist. q’ka 63
da 581, gv. 350-351). es saxeli mas mefobis drosac, sik-
vdilamde SehrCenia ise, rom sumbat daviTisZe misi gar-
dacvalebis Sesaxeb cnobaSi am saTakilo saxels ar
iviwyebs da ase ambobs: ,,gardaicvala bagrat regueni
qarTvelTa mefe, Ze kurTxeulisa sumbat kurapalati-
sa”-o (3. q’ka 64 da 582, gv. 351).
,,regueni saqmes waaxdens, faTeraks daabralebsa”
naTqvamia Zvelad da andazadac ki aris qceuli, saba
orbelianis ganmartebiTac ,,regveni ars, romelsa sib-
rZne akldes da mcired xelurs iqmodes”-o (leqsik. ix.
giJis qveSe).
kaxTa ukanasknel mefe aRsarTanze daviT aRmaSe-
neblis istorikoss naTqvami aqvs, rom mas ,,ara ra hqon-
des niSanni mefobisani, rameTu iyo cundruki rame, us-
julo da yovlad umecrad usamarTlo”-o (c’a mf’sa
dv’Tsi 523, gv. 290). s. orbelianis sityviT ,,cundruki”
Turme ,,CurCniT da Tvalis dawamwamebiT moyvasis bo-
rotis zraxva da vera pirispir Tqma”-s ewodeba am Ta-

436
vis ganmartebis siswore 40,8 fsalmuniT aqvs damowme-
buli (leqsik). am adgilas fsalmunSi marTlac naTqva-
mia: ,,CemTÂs cundrukobdes yovelni metrni Cemni, CemTÂs
zraxvides borotsa-o. berZnulad amis Sesatyvisad nax-
maria zmna ψιθÚριζω rac swored CurCuls, daCurCnas
niSnavda.
sulxan-saba orbelianis naSromi cxadyofs, rom
gonierebas moklebulTa Tvisebebis dakvirveba da amis-
da mixedviT erTgvari klasifikaciac unda arsebuliyo
Zvel saqarTveloSi. termini ,,giJi”-s qveS mas naTqvami
aqvs, rom ,,sigiJeni ganiyofebian aTerTmetad _ Smagad,
xelad, sulelad, cofad, naRvlianad, regvnad, tete-
rad, Slegad, Sterad, feTianad da SeTianad”-o (leq-
sik). suliT avadmyofis aRmniSvnel sityvebs rom Tavi
davaneboT da mxolod gonebanaklulobas rom mivaqci-
oT yuradReba, ukve moxsenebulis garda, s. orbelianis
ganmartebaTagan Semdeg mdgomareobaTa damaxasiaTebeli
terminebis Sesaxeb cnobebis moyvana SeiZleba. misi sit-
yviT, ,,suleli ars, romeli arca sruliad cnoba-miRe-
buli iyos da arca sasargeblo qmnas rame”, xolo
,,naRvliani” iseTi mdgomareobis aRmniSvnelia, rodesac
adamiani ,,odesme cnobas iyo da odesme ucnobobasa”;
,,teteri” kidev iseTs ewodeboda, ,,romelsa sibrZne ara
akldes, aramed xelursa rasme iqmodes”; ,,Slegi”-ki yo-
fila ,,arca xeli, arca cnobamiRebuli, aramed dauca-
deblad TavganwirviT ganusuenebeli”. dasasrul ,,Ste-
ri” Turme ,,sagrZnobelTa orRano-miRebuli da saqmisa
ver keTilad mqneli yofila” (leqsik.).
vgoneb, yvela zemomoyvaniliTagan Zvel saqarTve-
loSi adamianis gonebrivi niWisa da muSaobis sagulis-
xmo dakvirvebuloba cxadi xdeba.
sagulisxmoa, rom gonebis SemoqmedebiTs muSaoba-
sac hqonia yuradReba da codnismoyvareoba mipyrobili.
aRsaniSnavia am mxriv, rom mecnierisa da mwerlis go-
nebriv moRvaweobas g. xuces-monazoni qimiur-metalur-

437
giuli muSaobis process da ,,mraval-Roneoba”-s ada-
rebda, giorgi mTawmidelis samwerlo moRvaweobis Se-
saxeb mas naTqvami aqvs: ,,emsagavseba igi oqrosmRebelsa
mas Ãelovansa, viTarca igi qimiaTa-TÂs weril ars, ro-
melni igi mraval-RoneobiTa siRrmeTagan queyanisagan
gamoiReben da brZmedisa mier da cecxlisa brwyinvale-
basa missa warmoaCenen”-o. am biografis azriT, msgavse-
ba imaSi gamoixateboda, rom giorgi mTawmidelis sam-
werlobo muSaobiT gatacebuli ,,gonebaÁ sityÂerisa
amis oqroÁsa brZmed iqmna, ganmaÃurvebel cecexliTa
sulnisa wmidisaÁTa, mdnobel da ganmrCevel oqrosa
brZenisagan da TiÃisa”-o (c’T’g’i mT’wmidlisÁ 310). am
didebuli qarTveli mecnieris gonebrivi muSaobis es
Tviseba metadre mis saredaqcio moRvaweobaSi mJRavnde-
bodao. rodesac winandeli, SecdomiT ,,Targmnilni da
wuT ver-keTilad gadmoRebulni, gina JamTa sigrZiTa
ucebTa da ugunurTa mÃmarebelTagan dageslebulni”
giorgi mTawmidelma ,,brZmedsa mas Sina... gonebisa TÂsi-
sasa gamoadnva da gamoaÃurvna”, dednebTan guldasmiTi
Sedarebis Semdgom sxvaTa Targmanebi ,,yovlisa naklu-
lovanebisagan ganasrulna sxvaTa Targmanebi ,,yovlisa
naklulovanebisagan ganasrulna da sityua-duxWirobi-
sa da veragobisagan ganaSuenna da ganabrwyinvna”-o (iq-
ve, 310).
maSasadame, mecnieris gonebriv muSaobaSi qarTve-
li istorikosi mTavar yuradRebas rTuli movlenebis
,,gamodnobis”, gamoxurvebisa da garCeva-gawmendisa da
ganbrwyinvebis, anu analizisa, kritikul ganxilvis
Semdgom sinTezis saSualebiT WeSmaritebis gamorCevis
procesebs aqcevda yuradRebas.

438
 $2. adamianis social-eTikuri idealebi

cxovrebis pirobebi adamians Zvelad gacilebiT

ufro nakleb saSualebas aZlevda Tavisi pirovnebis
yvela Tavisebureba gamoeCina, vidre axla. magram ro-
gorc axla, Tanamedrove cxovrebis pirobebis garda,
yovel adamiansa da wres Tavisi idealebi aqvs, romel-
Ta miRwevazec is ocnebobs, iseve Zveladac iyo. amitom
maSindeli cxovrebis zogadi Tvisebebic unda vicodeT
da social-eTikuri idealebic.
Zvel dros adamianis pirovneba mravalgvari gare-
moebiT iyo SezRuduli da Seborkili: jer sagvareu-
lo weswyobileba da zne-Cveulebani, Semdeg wodebrio-
ba, patronymoba, sarwmunoebrivi mcnebani da kanon-wese-
bi kacis pirovnebis Tavisufal gansaxierebas zRudav-
dnen da mis moqmedebas sazRvrebs udebdnen. ase iyo
yvelgan da yvela erTa warsulSi, aseve iyo Zvelad sa-
qarTveloSiac.
raki sagvareulo da wodebriv weswyobilebaze,
gvarianobasa da ugvarobaze, aznaurobasa da uaznoba-
ze, wodebrivobasa da patronymobaze ,,qarTuli samar-
Tlis istoriis” I da II wignebSi sakmaod bevria naTqva-
mi, amitom aq amaze saubari zedmeti iqneboda.
unda aRiniSnos, rom wodebriv danawilebasTan er-
Tad arsebobda ori didmniSvnelovani da Zlieri gare-
moeba, romelic wodebriobis gamoisobiT Seqmnil gan-
calkevebas ase Tu ise asustebda da sazogadoebrivi
cxovrebis cvalebadobis kvals wodebriobasac ki am-
Cnevda xolme. amis wyalobiT iyo, rom wodebrioba sa-
qarTveloSi erTxel da samudamod daxSulsa da uc-
vlel odenobas ar warmoadgenda da rogorc amaRleba,
,,aRzeveba”, iseve damdableba da ,,CamomÀroba” SeiZlebo-
da. ukve Zveli xanisaTvis amis Taobaze cnobebi moipo-
veba (ix. q-li samarTlis istoria, II).

439
 zemoaRniSnul garemoebaTagan erTi piradi Tvise-
bisa iyo da, adamianis pirad Sromasa da samsaxurTan
iyo dakavSirebuli. samsaxuri wodebriobas Rirsebas
umatebda da amaRlebda, adamians ,,sapatio” da ,,saCino”
pirovnebad xdida (ix. iqve, II).
meore garemoebas qonebrivi, ekonomiuri safuZve-
li hqonda. vinc qonebrivad da samsaxuriTac TavisTavs
gansazRvrul doneze ver SeinarCunebda, imas veRarc
wodebrivi STamomavloba uSvelida, misi Rirsebac sa-
zogadoebriv sarbielze ueWvelad amisda Sesaferisad
unda Camomcrobiliyo. beqas samarTlis wignSi naTqva-
mia: Tu romelisme aznaurs ,,Jamisagan mamuli dam-
crobodes, ucixo, umonastro iyos”, metadre rodesac
es Camomcrobis procesi droebiT da xanmokle ki ar
iyo, aramed ukve ,,mesame naTesavi” (e.i. Taoba) iyos rome
damcrobaÁ daewyos” ($ 4), maSin misi wodebrivi Rirebu-
leba karg da sapatio glexs arafriT aRemateboda ($ 4
da 12). ase iyo ukve beqas dros. SemdegSic cxovrebis
am Zlier garemoebas, ekonomikur faqtors, Tavisi moq-
medeba ar Seusustebia. igi ulmoblad amsxvrevda wo-
debrivi kardaxSulobis zRudeebs da wodebaTa Semad-
genlobis erTgvar cvalebadobasa da ganaxlebas xels
uwyobda. mefe vaxtang VI-esac aRniSnuli aqvs es mov-
lena da ambobs, rom zogni TavianTi wodebrivi Rirse-
bis winandels, ,,maSindels didebazed isev mouSlelni
iyvnen da arian, zogni Camomcrobil iyvnen da zogni
mdabalni amaRlebul iyvnen”-o (kan. $23).
amgvaradve XVI-XVIII ss-Sic gvarovnobasa da wo-
debriobas piradi samsaxuric amaRlebda, Rirsebas uma-
tebda: wodebriv Rirebulebas, ,,gvarobis anu gvareu-
lobis sisxls”, rodesac adamiani msaxurobda, zed er-
Tvoda piradi samsaxuris Rirebuleba, ,,saxelos sis-
xli”-c (vaxtang kan. $34). amis wyalobiT SesaZlebeli
iyo, rom erTi da imave wodebis wevri, gvarovnebiT da
STamomavlobiT sxvebze ufrosi, danarCen Tanamewodebe

440
wevrebze dabla mdgariyo, Tu rom ukanasknelni saxel-
mwifo an sapatronymo samsaxurSic iyvnen, pirveli ki
mxolod Sinakacad iTvleboda.
wodebriobis gankerZoebas cota ar iyos, agreTve,
saqarTveloSi arsebuli moymeobis, anu raindobisa da
Zmadnaficobis wesebi asustebdnen, raki amisaTvis umTa-
vresi mniSvneloba adamianis pirad kacur Tvisebebs, ma-
macur siqveles, ganusazRvrel siyvarulsa da umwiklo
erTgulebas hqonda (ix. q’li samarTlis istoria II da
n. maris ,,Вступительные и заключительные строфы «Витязя в
барсовой коже» Шота из Рустава. ТР. XII,  გვ. X-XXX და
,,Грузинская поэма «Витязя в барсовой шкуре» Шотa из Рустава и
новая культурно-историческая проблема”. Изв. Академии наук, 
1917, gv. 424-426).
Zvel saqarTveloSi mcxovrebni or mTavar banakad
iyofodnen: erTs da umTavres banaks ,,eriskacni” Sead-
gendnen, meores SedarebiT ufro mcirericxovans
jgufs, ,,moweseni” ekuTvnodnen. es ori cneba erTimeo-
ris mopirispirea da ruis-urbnisis 1103 w. krebis Zeg-
lisweraSi naTqvamia: ,,vamcnebT yovelsa didsa da mci-
resa, mdidarsa da glaxaksa... moweseTa da eriskacTa”-o
(qk’bi, II, 68), mowese samRvdelo pirsa da monazons ewo-
deboda imitom, rom isini saeklesio da samonastro we-
sebs emorCilebodnen, romelnic mTeli maTi cxovrebi-
sa da moRvaweobis ganmsazRvrelni iyvnen.
xolo ,,eriskaci” qveyniuri yofacxovrebis mimde-
vari iyo, viTarca ,,wyobaTa Sina aRzrdili” da ,,sa-
laSqroTa saqmeTa” motrfiale, simdidrisa da keTil-
dReobis monatrule, is mTeli Tavisi arsebiT ,,mac-
dur” qveyanasTan iyo dakavSirebuli, naTargmn Txzu-
lebebSi qarTuli ,,eriskaci” berZnul αιχός ,,laikos”-s
an ,,kosmikos”-s da slavurs ,,мирской”-s  udrida xolme
(x. i’e mmarx. kan. Secod. 38, 12-15-39).
eriskaci Cveulebriv ojaxis patroni unda yofi-
liyo, mas ,,saxleulni” hyavda da colSvilni, ,,deda-

441
wulni” (c’amf’sad’Tsi 510-511, gv. 279). imaze meti ubedu-
rebis warmodgena SeuZlebeli iyo Tu mas Svili ar
eyoleboda da mas STamomavloba ar darCeboda. jer
erTi, rom amis gamo misi xseneba moispoboda da misi
sulis cxonebis Semavedrebeli aravin iqneboda. meorec
is rom masac SeiZleboda iseTive ukuRmarTi bedi swve-
oda, rogorc mestumre jiqurs, romlis Sesaxeb naTqva-
mia, rom ,,aravin ipova damflveli misi, rameTu ara
esua Svili”-o (JamTaaRr. 824, gv. 669).
eriskacis miswrafebas, rasakvirvelia Tavisi sax-
lobis qonebrivad uzrunvelyofa, sarCo-sabadeblis
SeZlebisamebr uxvad mogeba da gamdidreba Seadgenda,
rom mas ,,Ãorciel simdidre uxuebiT” hqonoda. amqvey-
niuri TavlsazrisiT, vinc did uZrav-moZrav qonebas
SeiZenda da qonebriv keTildReobas moipovebda, imas
SeeZlo pativiscema daemsaxurebina xalxSi. magram es
mainc ara kmaroda da marto amiT dakmayofileba ar Se-
iZleboda. Tu zneobrivi sifaqize da RvTisnieri cxov-
reba ar sdevda Tan ekonomiurs keTildReobaze zrun-
vasa da gamdidrebas, maSin mas maSindeli SexedulebiT
momxiblavi mimzidveloba aklda.
amitomac imdroindeli TvalsazrisiT urigo ar
iyo, rodesac eriskacni ,,orTave cxorebiTa Sezavebu-
lad” Semkulni iyvnen ise, rom ,,simdidresa Tana saR-
mrToÁsa moqalaqobisasa Ãorcielica simdidre uxue-
biT aqunda” (g. xucesmonazoni c’g’iÁ Tma’wmdl’sÁ
228,30,35), rodesac adamiani saRmrTo sakacoboTa Sina
sruli iyo (JamTaaRm. 905, gv. 746). Tanac sjobda Tu
marto Tavisi da Tavisianebis keTildReobasa da gam-
didrebaze ki ar iocnebebda da izrunebda, aramed Ra-
rib-RatakTa da uZlur-sneulTa daxmarebisaTvisac ga-
irjeboda. ,,Rirs” da ,,patiosnebiT” mosil adamianad
iseTi eriskaci iTvleboda, romelic TiTonac Tavisi
marjveniT irCenda Tavsa da SromiT monapovariT ,,gla-
xakTac” exmareboda, rogorc mag. ,,litonad cxorebul-

442
Ta” wres wiaRiTgan gamosuli serapion zarzmelis
ded-mama iyo, ,,romelni SromiT da queyanis moqmedebiT
izardebodes” TiTonac da ,,naSromisagan maTisa mdid-
rad zrdides glaxakTa da Zalisaebrsa miscemdes oRo-
noTa Ãelisapyrobasa” (b. zarzmeli. cÁs rpn zrz
mlsaÁ 4.).
sazogadod piradi SromiT mopovebuli sarCo ma-
Sin, simdidris yovelgvar sxva wyarosTan SedarebiT,
ufro zneobrivi mimzidvelobiT iyo mosili. es Sexe-
duleba ise gavrcelebuli yofila da Seuryevel rwme-
nad qceula, rom qvelmoqmedebis dros yoveli Cveuleb-
rivi ,,codvili” eriskacic cdilobda, rom saqvelmoq-
medod gankuTvnili ,,saÃmari” piradi SromiTa da
alalmarTali gziT yofiliyo mopovebuli.
es rwmena maSin imdenad yvelas Zval-rbilSi hqo-
nodaT gamjdari, rom TviT mefeebic ki, rogorc mag.
daviT aRmaSenebeli da Tamar mefe, romelTac arc dro
da, arc garemoeba piradi, fizikuri Sromis warmoebas
xels ar uwyobda, mainc imis cdaSi iyvnen, rom maTi
qvelmoqmedebis wyaroc ,,mamuliT”, an ,,ÃelosanTagan
morTmeuli”, an saxelmwifo saWurWliTgan ki ar yofi-
liyo warmomdinare, aramed sakuTaris marjveniT Sena-
Zeni, ,,ÃelTa TÂsTa nadirebulTagan” da ,,Ãelsaqmaris”
gayidviT yofiliyo mopovebuli (ix. q’l eris ist. II da
q’li samarTlis ist. II, me-2 naw.).
es Sexeduleba adamianis pirad Sromas amaRlebda,
aspetakebda da zneobriv mimzidvelobas aniWebda.
TviT aReb micemobasac ki, Tu rom igi marTalsa
da patiosan gzas misdevda, aravin saTakilod ar
Tvlida. Tamar mefis istorikoss moTxrobili aqvs,
rom TviT saqarTvelos didebuli mefe Tamaric Tavis
xelsaqmes hyidda da amnairad SeZenil fuls Rarib-Ra-
takTa daxmarebas andomebda (iqve). iseT xelisufals,
didebul aznaursa da SeZlebul memamulesac ki, rogo-
ric vaziri meWurWle-uxucesi kaxa iyo, aReb-micemoba

443
TavisTvis saTakilod ar miaCnda. is TiTonve ambobs:
baRdadSi rom viyavi, ,,viarebodi da viyiddi Tualsa,
margalitsa da zarqaSsa”, romelnic maSin iq iafad
iyo, da Semdeg gavyide da amis wyalobiT ,,ezomi dar-
mrCa, rom s. ,,xovlisa fasi miTa movige da viyide xov-
le” da Cemi sulis saoxad da saaRaped rkonis monas-
ters Sevwireo. am Cemi piradi SromiT mopovebuli fu-
liT maqvs SeZenili da ,,aravisi momixmarebia xovlis
fass Siga, arc mamulisa, arc dedulisa da arc sxua
ra guarisai”-o (1259 wlis rkonis sigeli: qk-bi II, 134).
saRvTisniero saqmisaTvis mosaxmareblad TviT
,,hrmliTa naSoebisagan” mopovebuli fulic ki, rode-
sac es ,,Ãrmali” ,,usjuloTa” winaaRmdeg brZolaSi
iyo xmarebuli, sjobda mamulisa da ,,sofelTagan ana-
Reb”-s fuls. Zagan abuleTis Ze mag. Tavis 1260 w. Siom-
Rvimis monastrisadmi Sewirulobis wignSi ambobs: Cem-
gan Semowiruli s. angroini ,,uk-moviyide baRdads na-
SorebiTa oqroiTa, icoden RmerTman, mun CemiTa
ÃrmliTa naSoebisagan kide arai visi yofila amis ad-
gilis syidvasa Sigan, ar mamulisa da ara sofelTagan
anaRebi”-o (q’kbi II, 146), ,,nasisxlarisa baRdadiT moge-
bulsa meti” ara damixarjia rao (iqve, II 147_8).
rac unda iyos, maSindel adamians kargad esmoda,
rom ,,saRmrToÁsa moqalaqobisa simdidrisa” da ,,Ãorci-
el simdidris” SeerTeba da Tanasworad mopoveba SeuZ-
lebeli iyo da an erTi, an meoregvari ,,moqalaqeoba”
dazianebuli iyo xolme. aseTi ,,saRmrTo-sakacobo”
Tvisebebisa da moRvaweobis SeerTeba, rasakvirvelia,
mainc mTliansa da unaklo sisrules ver Seadgenda da
igi mxolod ,,codvili” qveynis mkvidrTaTvis SeiZle-
boda rom sisruled yofiliyo miCneuli.
adamianis pirovnebis idealuri sisrule maSinde-
li SexedulebebiT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi iyo SesaZ-
lebeli, Tu rom is adgilebi, sadac sisrulis monat-
ruli kacebi dabinavdebian, ,,sruliad Tavisufali iq-

444
mnnes soflisa sacTurisagan” (g. merCuli (c’Ág
g’lx’xnZTlÁ gv. kd.-ke). ,,ucxoeba” da ,,macduri” qveyne-
bisagan ganSoreba erTis mxriT da sruli ,,upovareba”
da ,,siglaxake” meores mxriT aucilebeli piroba iyo
im adamianisTvis, romelic pirad sisrules da zneob-
riv-sarwmunoebrivi sispetakis miRwevaze ocnebobda.
mas unda Tavisi maxlobelic mietovebina, adamianTa sa-
zogadoebac da mxolod ,,ucxoeba” aRerCia. amasTanave
mTeli Tavisi sakuTrebisaTvis daenebebina Tavi, radgan
yoveli siborotisa da angarebis mizezad kerZo sakuT-
reba iyo miCneuli.
maSasadame, visac idealuri sisrulis miRweva un-
doda, mas unda aRZvroda gulwrfeli da Rrma ,,survi-
li ucxoebisa da siglaxakisa da TÂsTa da megobarTa-
gan ganSorebisa” (g. xucesmonazoni, c’Ág’i mT’wmdlsÁ
291,32_34), mas unda daetovebina kidec ,,mSobelni da Zma-
ni da safaseni da monagebni” (g. mTawmideli, c’Ái’esi
efTÂmisi 44,6_7). mokled rom vTqvaT, mTeli Tavisi uZ-
rav-moZravi qoneba, sarCo-sabadebeli da udabnoSi, an
monasterSi Sesuliyo.
xolo samonastro wesdebis ZiriTadi debuleba
imaSi mdgomareobda, rom berebs kerZo sakuTreba ar
unda hqonodaT da aramÀ Tu TavianTTvis piradad ,,ar-
ca gahyiddes da arca iyiddes da arca moirewdes da
arca ras moigebdes”, aramed yvelaferi saerTo da saZ-
mo unda yofiliyo. TviT tanisamosis daWerac ki er-
TmaneTisaTvis da daCemeba ar SeeZloT. samonastro ti-
bikonis es debuleba efTÂme mTawmidels imdenad did-
mniSvnelovan da aucilebel mcnebad miaCnda, rom vinc
amas daarRvevda da tanisamosisa an risime sxvis daCe-
mebas gabedavda, mas efTÂme mTawmideli am dasakuTre-
buls sagans an nivTs arTmevda da sayveduriT savse
sityvebiT swvavda Turme cecxlSi (g. mTawmideli, iqve
43); macxovris mier ,,sulTa CuenTa dadebaÁ mbrZanebu-
la ZmaTa CuenTaTÂs da Sen gaxrwnadsa saÃmarsa aRir-

445
Cev ufroÁs Zmisa Senisa” da nu Tu ara grcxveniano (g.
mTawmideli, c’i’esi da e’fTsi 44,18-21 da Cemi ,,qarT, sa-
marTlis istoria, II).
magram maSindeli SexedulebiT kerZo sakuTrebisa
da ,,macduri” qveynis garda adamianis ,,codvaTa simrav-
le” saerTod codvianoba, adamianis gulisTqmasa da ne-
bisyofazec iyo damokidebuli. misi mcdari moqmedeba
codvad CaeTvleboda, rodesac igi Segnebuli mofiqre-
bis Sedegs warmoadgenda.
rasakvirvelia, sjobda, rodesac adamiani iyo ,,ub-
ralo ara xolo saqmiT, aramed gonebiTaca da sityÂT”
(g. merCuli, gv. d), magram mxolod rodesac misi ,,sur-
vili” da ,,wadierebÁ” imdenad CamoinakvTeboda, rom
,,ganzraxva”-d iqceoda da es ,,gulis sityuaÁ” da ,,gan-
zraxvaÁ” imdenad Zlieri aRmoCndeboda, rom misi
,,srulyofaÁ”, ganxorcieleba daucxromeli moTxovni-
lebad Seiqmneboda da gulis sityvas daerTvoda ,,nebaÁ
gulisaÁ”, maSin adamianis moqmedeba Segnebuli da ,,neb-
siTi” iyo.
Tu am moqmedebiT visme ziani mieyena an sarwmuno-
ebrivi romelime mcneba dairRveoda, adamiani Tavs amis
gamo sarwmunoebisaca da samarTlis winaSec codvilad
da pasuxismgeblad sTvlida: yoveli codvisaTvis pasu-
xismgebelic iyo. codvili saaqaosaca da saiqiosac Ta-
visi saqcielisaTvis misagebelis momlodine unda yo-
filiyo. codvaTa mZime tvirTs aramc Tu misi saiqios
cxonebis imedi SeiZleba saTuod gaexada, srulebiT
waerwymida kidec.
xolo yoveli qristianis ideals maSin swored es
,,cxonebaÁ sulisaÁ”, anu sulis cxoneba Seadgenda. ami-
tom misi sazrunavi iyo Tavisi Tavi saukuno sasjelisa
da jojoxeTisagan uzrunveleyo. marTalia, amisaTvis
erTgvar saSualebad Cadenil codvaTa monanieba iyo
miCneuli, magram rasakvirvelia gacilebiT sjobda,

446
adamians ar Seecoda da amiT Tavisi Tavi codvebis mo-
naniebisganac gaeTavisuflebina.
raki adamianis umTavresi mniSvneloba nebsiTobasa
da TviT nebas hqonda, amitom mxolod am nebis keTi-
lad mimarTvas SeeZlo adamiani codvebisagan uzrunve-
leyo, radgan maSin yoveli Cveulebrivi adamiani Tavis
Tavis codvilad sTvlida. amaze metis Tqmac SeiZleba,
eris kacTagan aravis Tavisi Tavi ucodvelad ar miaC-
nda. amitom maSindeli rwmeniT, codvisSvils, adamians
mxolod gansakuTrebuli xelmZRvanelobiT SeeZlo
codvaTa Cadenis saSiSroebisagan Tavi daeRwia, marto
moZRvris swavl-darigeba da mudmivi Tvalyuris devne-
ba daayenebda mas swor da ucodvel gzaze.
es rwmena imdenad Zlieri iyo, rom TviT ber-mona-
zonic ki monasterSiac cdilobda Tavis xelmZRvane-
lad romelime cnobili moRvawe gaexada. giorgi xu-
cess monazonis sityviT TviT giorgi mTawmidelmac ki
monasterSi Sesvlisas ,,yovlisa pirvelad iwyo Ziebad
winamZRvrisa da moZRuris sulierisa, rameTu uwyoda
viTarmed TÂnier moZRuarisa ara ars cxovrebaÁ suli-
saÁ da warmatebaÁ monazonebisaÁ da pova... beri wmidaÁ,
Seyenebuli, viTarca guriti ubiwo da tredi umank”-o
(c’Ági mTaw’mdlsÁ 293).
Tu iseT pirebsac ki, rogorc g. mTawmideli iyo,
Tavisi moRvaweobis dasawyis xanaSi umoZRvrod sulis
cxonebis imedi ar hqonia, eriskacs maSin miT umetes
marto TavisiT codvaTagan Tavis daRwevis imedi ro-
gor gauCndeboda. es umweobis grZnoba da codvaTaTvis
mosalodneli wawymeda, rasakvirvelia ufro xanSi Se-
sulTa Soris iyo xolme Zlieri.
raki adamianis codvilobis mizezad adamianis sa-
kuTarive neba iyo miCneuli, amitom codvaTagan Tavis
asacileblad erTaderTs saSualebad maSin ,,nebisTÂsi-
sa gankueTaÁ, an ,,mokueTaÁ iyo miCneuli. visac codvis
Cadenisagan uzrunvelyofa undoda, Tavis sakuTarsave

447
nebisyofaze unda uari eTqva da Tavisi moqmedeba
mTlad xelZRvanelisa da moZRvris nebisaTvis daeqvem-
debarebina. maSin is Tavisi moqmedebis pasuxismgebeli
TviTon ki aRar iyo, aramed misi xelmZRvaneli. Tumca
Tanamedrove TvalsazrisiTa da grZnobiT ucnaur STa-
beWdilebas axdens, magram es maSin ucilobel debule-
bas warmoadgenda, romelsac gamoCenili politikuri
moRvaweebi TviT mefeebic ki iziarebdnen da romliTac
TavianT cxovrebaSi xelmZRvanelobdnen kidec. amis da-
samtkiceblad ramdenime mkafio magaliTis dasaxeleba
da saistorio ZeglebiTgan cnobebis moyvana srulebiT
sakmarisi iqneba vgoneb.
g. mTawmidels aRniSnuli aqvs, rom saqarTvelosa
da bizantiis istoriaSi cnobili sardali Tornike
erisTavi, aTonis qarTvelTa monasterSi, berad Semdga-
ri ioane mTawmidels Turme eubneboda: ,,mamao TÂT ici,
romel didad codvil var da sikudili Cemi, moaxle-
bul ars da unebeli siwmidisa TquenisaÁ ara var, ara-
med nebaÁ Cemi da Tavi Cemi Semdgomad RmrTisa Senda
momicemia, _ viTarca gnebavs acxovne suli Cemi”-o
(c’Ái’ese da efT’msi 15,6_10). amaze damaxasiaTebeli ved-
rebis warmoTqma da moZebna Znelia: yoveli sityva sa-
ucxovod gamoxatavs im Tavisebur grZnobasa da rwme-
nas, romliTac iseTi didi nebisyofis patroni saxel-
mwifo moRvaweebic ki, rogorc Tornike iyo, maSin gam-
sWvaluli yofilan. yovel maTgans swamda, rom ,,saTno-
ebaTa yovelTa Tavi morCilebaÁ ars sulierTa mamaÁ da
nebisa TÂsisa gankueTaÁ”(iqve, 14,20_22).
codvaTa monaniebis grZnoba da axali codvebis
Cadenis SiSi zogs iseT ukiduresobamde miiyvanda xol-
me, rom yovelgvari damoukidebeli moqmedebis xaliss
ukargavda da moZRvris brZanebis Semayureblad-Ra xde-
boda. rogorc giorgi mTawmidlis sityvebiTgan Cans
aseT ukiduresobamde Tornike erisTavic misula; ,,ege-
viTarman man ganTqmulman da saCinoman kacman yoveli

448
venebaÁ TÂsi moikueTa da srulebiT Seudga morCileba-
sa missa da ese zomi mÃurvalebaÁ aCuena, romel, ukue-
Tumca SesaZlebeli iyo, TÂnier misisa brZanebisa ar-
camca wylisa gemoÁ ixila da arcamca sityuaÁ erTi
aRmouTqua da arca Tu folisa erTisa zeda ufal iyo,
aramed yovelsave mamaÁ ioane ganagebn da miscemn”-o (c
Ái esi da e fTmsi 14,11_17).
aseTi mimarTuleba marto im pirTa Soris ki ar
iyo gavrcelebuli, romelnic eriskacobasa da saxel-
mwifo moRvaweobas Tavs anebebdnen da monasterSi Se-
diodnen, aramed TviT eriskacTa wreSiac, cnobil po-
litikur moRvaweTa Sorisac. giorgi xucess-monazons
mag., moTxrobili aqvs, rom saqarTvelosa da bizantiis
istoriaSi cnobilma ,,feris” jojikis Zem ,,da meuRle-
man misman ganizraxes... raTa kaci saRmrToÁ iZion s’li-
sa maTisa keTilisa maswavlelad da uwesoebisagan da-
mayeneblad da raTa yovladve maxlobelad maTda
iyos... amisTÂs... giorgi mwerali wariyvanes da yoveli
saqme maTi, sulieri da Ãorcieli, mas daamorCiles”-o
(cÁgi mTawmdlsÁ 290, 23,29).
aseTi azrovneba da mimarTuleba im Tavisebur
rwmenaze iyo damyarebuli, rom zogs gansakuTrebuli
siwmindis mqonebels pirs sxvaTaTvisac cxovrebis uc-
domeli gzis Cveneba SeeZlo da rom aramc Tu aseT pi-
rebs, TviT Cveulebriv momakvdavsac ki sxvaTa bralisa
da codvebis Tavis Tavze miReba, xolo braleulisa da
codvilis saiqios amis pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavi-
suflebac ki SeeZlo aseTi rwmenis arsebobis cxadsa-
yofad sakmarisia saqarTvelos istroiis Semdegi ori
damaxasiaTebeli SemTxveviToba gavixsenoT. barda
skliarosis bizantiis mTavrobis winaaRmdeg ajanyebiT
gansacdelSi Cavardnilma mcirewlovan basili da kon-
stanti ufliswulebis deda-dedofalma rom berad Sem-
dgar Tornikes sTxova daviT did kurapalatTan saqar-
TveloSi gamgzavrebuliyo da qarTvelTa meSveli jari

449
gamoeTxova, Tornike monazonobis gamo samxedro saqme-
ebSi kvlav Carevas codvad sTvlida da am mindobilo-
bis Tavis Tavze aRebaze uars ambobda. dedofalTan
amis Taobaze mosalaparakeblad aToniTgan wasvla arc
ki undoda, maSin Tornikes dasayolieblad monazonuri
aRTqmis darRveviT warmoSobili ,,yoveli brali maman
aTanasi da mamaman ioane miidves” da amiT Zlivs daar-
wmunes bizantiis keisris sasaxleSi gamgzavreba (c T
esi da e Tmsi 10). konstantinopolSi dedofalman mo-
laparakebis drosac rom Tornikem mindobilobis asru-
lebis simZimeze daiwyo laparaki, dedofalmac Turme
Tornikes ganucxada: oRond es davaleba aasrule da
,,raÁca brali iyos, RmerTman Cuengan iZien”-o (iqve,II).
mefe dimitri II-m Tavdadebulad wodebulma, mon-
Roluri wesebis mimbaZvelobiT sami coli moiyvana da
amiT qristianuli wesis mixedviT didi codva Caidina,
ris gamoc saeklesio da morwmune wreebi mefeze gul-
nawyeni iyvnen da codvilad miaCndaT, magram rodesac
SeTqmulebaSi monawiled dasmenilma da monRolTa yae-
nisagan urdoSi miwveulma mefem Tavisi Tavis sikvdi-
lasagan gadasarCenad mTebSi Sexiznva ar moisurva,
rom misi gulisTvis yaenisagan udanaSaulo qarTveli
eri ar dazaralebuliyo, mefis aseTi Tavganwirulo-
biT aRtacebul samRvdeloebas didmitri II-isaTvis ga-
nucxadebia: ,,Tu Sen dasdeb sulsa Sensa erisaTÂs, Cuen
yovelni efiskoposni vitÂrTavT codvaTa SenTa”-o (Jam-
TaaR. 897, gv. 738).
,,macduri” qveynisa da sawuTrosadmi uaryofiTi
grZnoba da Sexeduleba, misi datovebisa da ganSorebis
survili da Tavis ,,nebis mokueTaÁ” maSindel droSi
imdenad Zlieri iyo, rom amgvari survili iseT moqmed
politikur moRvaweebsa da Seudrekeli nebis patrons
pirovnebebsac ki hqondaT, rogorc saqarTvelos gvir-
gvinosnebi daviT aRmaSenebeli, dimitri I da aleqsan-
dre I iyvnen. am orma ukanasknelma TavianT wadilis

450
ganxorcieleba moaswres kidec da sicocxlis dasasru-
li monasterSi gautarebiaT: dimitri I ,,Seimosa CoÃa
da sqema” (ix. q li eris ist. II,549), aleqsandre I-ic mo-
nazonad Semdgara (iqve, wigni IV). daviT aRmaSenebels
Tumca Tavisi survilis ganxorcieleba ver mouswria,
magram rom amgvari wadili masac hqonia, amas TviT mi-
sive sityvebic cxadyofen. Tavis anderZSi mefe ambobs:
,,RmerTman da me da oris wliTgan moZRuarman Cemman
uwyiT”, rom me mefobisgan gadadgoma, Cemi Svilis di-
mitris mefed dasma da sawuTros datoveba mindoda,
,,menebamca mocla sawuTrosagan mefe-yofiTa CemT Zis
dimitrisaTa”, magram amas ver veRirse, ,,ver uZle date-
vebad sawuTosa, vidre ara damiteva me sawuToman”-o(q
kbi III, 51).

$3. adamiani viTarca moRvawe

yoveli adamianis moqmedeba sityviTa da saqmiT ga-

moixateba. misi moRvaweobis Sedegi, erTi mxriT, TviT
mis moqmedebasa, meore mxriT, im garemoebazea damoki-
debuli, romelSiac mas moRvaweoba uxdeba. TiToeul
amaTgans Tavisi damaxasiaTebeli da aRmniSvneli gamo-
naTqvamebi da terminebi hqonda, romelTa codna maSin-
deli Sexedulebis gaTvaliswinebis SesaZleblobas
gvaZlevs.
raki adamians Tavisi azrisa da wadilis sityvie-
rad gamoTqmis niWi aqvs, amitom adamianis Rirsebis Se-
fasebis dros misi metyvelebis Tvisebas friad didi
mniSvneloba hqonda. iyo Tu ara igi ,,sityvieri”, _
exerxeboda mas Tu ara laparaki, ,,sityÂTa marjue” iyo,
kargad SeeZlo saubari, ,,ena-keTili”, an ,,keTilman-met-
yveli”-s saxeli hqonda moxveWili, ,,iyo moswrafe ena-
mWevrobisa” (nikoloz kaTalikozi, sakiTxavi svetis
cxovelisaÁ gv. 101) an Tavisi sasiamovno da mizidveli

451
metyvelebis niWiT ,,enatkbili” adamianis STabeWdile-
bas axdenda Tu piriqiT am niWs cotad Tu bevrad mok-
lebuli iyo, laparaki eZneleboda da an ,,ena-mZime”, an
,,blu” (bluzaqare) miT umetes ,,ena-brgvnilic” ki iyo,
misi gavlenac bevrnairad amaze iyo damokidebuli.
JamTaaRmwerlis sityviT, mefe daviT rusudanis Ze
mag. iyo ,,enatkbil da sityvier” (811, gv. 654). cnobili
maSindeli moRvawe sadun mankaberdelic yofila ,,kaci
gonieri da ena-keTili da sityÂTa marjue” (iqve, 839 _
gv. 684). am ukanasknels ,,keTil-metyvelebis” gansakuT-
rebuli niWi hqonda ise, rom sxvis mdare Rirsebas naT-
qvamis monRolurad gadaTargmnis dros Seferadebac
icoda da aseT SemTvevaSi, Tu saWiro iyo, rogorc ma-
galiTad enamZime daviT laSa-giorgis Zis yaenis winaSe
warmoTqmuli sityvis gadaTargmnis dros, ,,hkazmevda
TqmulTa mefisaTa” da amnairad ,,saduni keTil-metyve-
lebda” xolme (iqve 840, gv.685).
xolo mefe daviT laSa-giorgis Ze piriqiT ,,ena-
mZime” iyo mcired (JamTaaR. 840, gv. 685).
metyvelebis niWic Sinaarsisda gvarad sxvadasxva-
nairi iyo: zogni dinji moubarni iyvnen, Wkviani da Si-
naarsiani saubari icodnen ise, rom ,,enaÁ maTi metyve-
lebisagan cudisa uty” iyo (g. merCuli, c Ág gl xnZT
lsÁ gv. a), zogs piriqiT swored es ,,metyuelebaÁ” cu-
di” emarjvebodaT, ,,sityuaÁ dampali” da ,,uqmistyuobaÁ
(vahanis monast. Zegli, SiomR. ist. sab 40) uyvardaT da
laparakad iyvnen qceulni, ,,enaÁ-manqana”-s wodebis Rir-
sni iynen.
XI s. ZeglSi, romelsac ewodeba ,,sityÂsgebaÁ be-
risa efTÂme grZelisa sosTenis mimarT somexTa moZRu-
risa” sosTenis Sesaxeb naTqvamia, rom is iyo ,,kaci
ukuÀ enaÁ-manqana da friad mecnieri werilTa da sar-
wmunoebisa”(m. sabininis saq. samoTxe 615).
Zvelad sityvis fasi esmodaT da amitom saubris
dros zomierebis dacva did Rirsebad da saukeTeso

452
zrdilobis niSnad iTvleboda. gonier adamians kargad
axsovda g. merCulisagan saRmrTo werilTagan moyvani-
li solomonis debuleba, rom ,,brZnad metyuelebÀ vec-
xli ars wmidaÁ, xolo dumili oqroÁ rCeuli”. amitom
aris, rom amave qarTvel istorikoss naTqvami aqvs: ,,iT-
xovdeÁ brZenTagan srulTa krZalulebiT sibrZnis met-
yuelebasa”, xolo visac sruli sibrZne ar gaaCnda, maT
moeTxovebodaT ,,dumiliT brZenTa smena”
(c’Ág’gl’xnZ’TlsÁ gv. a 2_7). g. merCulis cnobiT gri-
gol xanZTels swored aseTi madliani da zomieri la-
paraki scodnia: ,,sityuaÁ misi iyo Sezavebul mariliTa
madlisaÁTa, raJams ityÂn, brZnad aRaRis piri da wesi
ganuCinis enasa TÂssa”-o (iqve, gv. g. 49-50). amgvarad, ma-
Sindeli SexedulebiT gonieri adamianis Rirsebas mra-
valmetyveleba ar Seadgenda. piriqiT mosawon Tvisebad
swored brZnuli ,,mciremetyueleba” (JamTaaR. 731 gv.
549) iTvleboda. tyuilubralod laparaki, gindac
mWevrmetyveluri, ,,uqmsityvaobaÁ” (vahanis monst. Zegli,
SiomR. ist. sab. 40) iyo da amitom saZraxis Tvisebad
iyo miCneuli. miT umetes arafrad fasobda ,,ena-manqana”
adamiani, laparakad iyo gadaqceuli. erTi sityviT, sa-
ubris garkveuli ,,wesi” arsebobda, romelic gonier
mosaubres yovelTvis unda daecva. yovel goniersa da
saTanadod gazrdil mosaubres unda ,,sibrZniT
moÃelovnebiTa enisaÁTa” (nikoloz kaTalikozi, sakiT-
xavi svetis cxovelisaÁ 101) daemtkicebina Tavisi dar-
baisloba.
g. mTawmidlis sityviT, efTvime aToneli uaRre-
sad TavSekavebuli iyo da TviT aRmaSfoTebeli ambis
Sesaxeb laparakis drosac ki Turme ,,Ãma-maRlobaÁ” ar
scodnia, aramed damnaSave berebsac ki ,,tkbiliTa da
hamo»Ta sityÂTa” esaubreboda xolme (c Ái esi da efÂ
msi 38).

453
 magram es, rasakvirvelia, imas ar niSnavda, rom
Zvel saqarTveloSi mxolod tkbili da saamuri lapara-
ki icodnen. Cveulebriv da MmSvidobian pirobebSi TavSe-
kavebuli mesaubre, rogorc mag. deda febronia aSot ku-
rapalatis mxilebis dros SeiZleba ,,mkueTr” metyveli
gamxdariyo (g. merCuli, c’Ág’gl xa’nZTlsÁ gv. 6À).
Tu aseTi cxare laparaki SesaZlebelia MmTavrisa
da dedaTa monastris winamZRvars Soris momxdariyo,
ra gasakvirvelia, rom saqarTvelos spis mTavarsar-
dals qarTuli samxedro wesebis darRvevisaTvis dam-
zveravi razmis ufrosi sastikad daetuqsa, rodesac
istorikosis cnobiT mTavarsardali Tumca gamarjve-
bulsac ki am Tavis gatacebul xelqveSeT mxedarTma-
vars ,,mqised etyodao sityuasa ambvis ucnobelad Seb-
misaTÂs” (istoriani da azm ni 713, gv. 519).
magram maSinac kargad esmodaT, rom tkbili saub-
riT adamianis dayolieba da moxiblva, ,,monadirebaÁ”
xSirad ufro advili iyo, vidre mkacri laparakiT, ro-
desac mokamaTes ,,ficxeli sityuaÁ” wamoscdeboda. es
garemoeba metadre gaTvalswinebuli unda hqonoda mo-
saubres qalTan saubrisa, Tu kamaTis dros, radgan
`dedaTa bunebaÁ iwro ars”. iakob xucess moTxrobili
aqvs, Tu rogor cdilobda varsqen qarTlisa pitiaxSis
mociquli varsqenis colis damSvidebas mas Semdgom,
rodesac misi qmari gamazdeanda, rogori tiriliTa da
TanagrZnobiT dauwyia SuSanikTan saubari. istorikoss
aRniSnuli aqvs: misi aseTi qceva ,,zraxviTa iyo varsqe-
nisiTa da zakuviT ityoda amas da unda monadirebaÁ ne-
tarisaÁ mis”. roca am mociquls Tavisi miznis ganxor-
cieleba ver mouxerxebia, mas qarTlisa pitiaxSi gauf-
rTxilebia da urCevia, ,,nuras ficxelsa sityuasa etyÂ
mas, rameTu dedaTa bunebaÁ iwro ars”-o (wamebaÁ SuSa-
nikisi, s. giorgaZis gam. 4,25-5.5).
moasubris metyvelebis gavlenianoba, rasakvirve-
lia, msmenelis gonebrivsa da nebisyofis Tvisebebzec

454
bevrnairad iyo damokidebuli. gaTvaliswinebuli unda
gvqondes, rom zogi adamiani bavSviviT ,,umanko” da
,,litoni”, martivi bunebis patroni iyo, romelic gu-
lubryvilod yvelafers ijerebda, ,,male mrwmeni” iyo,
rogorc mag. daviT laSa-giorgis Zeze aqvs JamTaaRmwe-
rels naTqvami: ,,daviT mefe umanko iyo, romlisaTvis
umankosa yovelni rwamn” (824, gv.669), ,,iyo mefe male-
mrwmeni da litonica” (846_gv. 692), _ `daijera mefeman,
rameTu iyo umanko da male-mrwmeni sityuaTa keTilTa
da borotTa orTave”-o (842, gv. 687).
adamianis gulwrfeloba da umanko xasiaTi, rasak-
virvelia, yovelTvis gulubryvilobis momaswavebeli
ar aris, aramed xSirad mxolod misi uboroto bunebi-
sa da patiosnebis gamomJRavnebeli aris da iyo, gone-
biT ki ara, aramed mxolod ,,guliTa umankoT” (g. mer-
Culi gv. ib) iyo. amitom aris rom ,,kaci wrfeli da
umanko “ pativcemuli da dinji adamianis damaxasiaTe-
bel gamonaTqvamad ixmareboda, rogrc mag. giorgi
mTawmidlis biZa xaxulis monastris beri saba yofila
(g. xuces monazoni 288). aseTi adamiani rogorc TviTon
patiosani iyo, iseve sxvasac patiosnad sTvlida da
gulwrfelad epyroboda.
zogi piriqiT skeptikosi da urwmuno iyo, romlis
dajereba rasakvirvelia ise advilad ar SeiZleboda,
romelic arafers irwmunebda sanam TviTon ar Seamow-
mebda. aseTi yofila mag. bagrat IV, romelsac erT-er-
Ti saswaulmoqmedebis ambis gagonebaze, g. xucesmona-
zonis sityviT, pirdapir ganucxadebia: ,,vidre TualiTa
ara vixilo, ara mrwams”-o (c’ Ág’i mTaw’mdlsÁ 304).
aseT adamians hqonda ,,gonebaÁ urwmunoebisa mqoneÁ” (ni-
koloz kaTalikozi, sakiTxavi svetis cxovelisaÁ 117).
zogi keTili xasiaTis kaci iyo, ,,uboroto da ke-
Tili goneba aqvda” (JamTaaR. 847, gv. 693), iyo ,,mowyale
gonebiTa” (c’Ág’glxnZ’TlsÁ, gv. g.), zogi piriqiT boro-

455
ti da ,,mxecisa bunebis” patronad Canda. aseTi Tviseba
maSindeli SexedulebiT mTel tomsac ki SeiZleba hqo-
noda, rogorc mag. JamTaaRmwerels fxovelTa tomis
Sesaxeb aqvs naTqvami: ,,fxovelni... kacni igi mÃecisa bu-
neb[is]ani”-o (813, gv. 657).
g. xuces-monazonis sityviT sibralulis grZnoba
adamianis bunebis Tandayolili Tviseba iyo, Tavdapir-
velad mainc. mas naTqvami aqvs: ,,uwyiT ese yovelTa, ro-
mel mowyalebaÁ bunebiT ars kacsa Tana” (c’Ág’i
mT’wmdlsÁ 303). magram pirveli adamianis codvis gamo,
mis mier RvTaebrivi ,,mcnebis gardasvliTa bunebiT igi
Sjuli da xatebaÁ RmrTisaÁ orkerZo ganiyo”. adamianis
amnairi Tvisebis orad gayofis wyalobiT, aramc ,,Tu
mowyalebaÁ” _ romelic Tavdapirvelad TiTqos mis bu-
nebriv Tvisebas Seadgenda, ,,aramed yovelnive saTnoeba-
ni, romelnime sruliad keTilisagan borotad Seicval-
nes da romelnime mcirisa nawilisa zeda dadgres”-o
(iqve).
adamianis saTno da mowyale bunebis Secvlisda
miuxedavad, qristes moZRvrebis Segnebuli aRmsarebli-
saTvis kacTmowyaleba ZiriTadi mcneba unda yofiliyo.
magram g. xucesmonazonisa da, ueWvelia, misi didebuli
moZRvris giorgi mTawmidlis rwmenis Tanaxmad, adamia-
ni marto kacTmoyvareobiT ar unda dakmayofilebuli-
yo. es Tviseba ukve sakmarisi aRar iyo, aramed misi
grZnobisa da Segnebis siRrme ufro Sors unda wasu-
liyo. mas unda Seegno, rom ,,RmrTis msgavsi mowyale-
baÁ ese ars, raTa kaci ara, xolo Tu ziarTa bunebisa
TÂsisaTa swyalobdes, aramed, raTa pirutyuTaca miswu-
Tes mowyalebiTa”-o (iqve, 303).
ukve ioane sabanisZis TxzulebaSi aris mamapapeul
TvisebaTa arsebobis Segnebis damadasturebeli cnoba.
am avtors aRniSnuli aqvs, rom arabTa mkacri batono-
bisa da devnisda miuxedavad, zogierTi qarTvelni ,,Cve-

456
ulebisaebr mamulisa slvisa WirTa moTminebiTa ara
ganeSorebian qristianobasa”-o (w’mbaÁ haboÁsi 8), e. i.
winaparTa Cveulebriv qcevisaebr devnulobis gaWirve-
bas moTminebiT itanen da mahmadianad ar xdebiano. ga-
Wirvebisa da Wirvaramis atana aq, maSasadame, am pirTa
mamapapeul Tvisebad aris warmodgenili.
adamianis xasiaTis memkvidreobiT Tvisebebisa da
midrekilebis Sesaxeb azri srulebiT mkafiod aqvs ga-
moTqmuli daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikoss, romelsac
Tanac zogjer amisTana Tvisebis gamosworeba SeuZleb-
lad miaCnda. misi sityviT liparit amiram ,,iwyo maTve
mamul-papurTa kualTa slva” da daviT aRmaSeneblis
winaaRmdeg orguloba daiwyo, radgan ,,orguloba da
siZulvili patronTa guarisagan moaqunda gonebiTa”-o.
amave avtoris gancxadebiT, mefe erTi wlis gamocdis
Semdgom darwmunda, rom am liparit amiras qcevis ga-
mosworeba iseve SeuZlebeli iyo, rogorc ,,kudi ZaR-
lisa ara ganemarTebis, arca kirCxibi marTlad vals”-
o (c’m’fsa d’visi 521. 522, gv. 288-289).
memkvidreobiTi Tvisebebis arsebobis Sesaxeb
rwmena qarTul saistorio mwerlobaSi XII-XIV ss. sru-
lebiT ganmtkicebuli Cans: JamTaaRmwerelsac mag. naT-
qvami aqvs, rom kaxaber raWis erisTavma, rodesac mefem
gandgomileba da Ralati apatia, amis Semdgom dayo
mciredi Jami, magram merme ,,iwyo maTve mamur-papurTa
kualTaslvad” da isev Ralats mihyo xeli, raÁgan ,,gu-
arisagan moaqunda orguloba”-o (877, gv. 721).
nikoloz kaTalikozs Tavis XII s. Sua wlebSi da-
weril sagulisxmo TzxulebaSi ukve erovnuli Tanda-
yolili Tvisebebis arsebobis debuleba aqvs wamoyene-
buli da is amtkicebs, rom yovel adamians Tavisi mid-
rekileba da niWi abadia, Tavisebureba emCneva, rom am-
gvaradve ,,ese-saxedve ukÀ ixilvebis naTesavTa Sori-
sac, rameTu romelni me naTesavni” anu erni ,,eseviTar-
ni arian bunebiT, xolo romelni me egeviTarni“. aseTi

457
erovnuli Tvisebebi, ,,eseviTari bunebaÁ pirvelTganve”
aqvT yvela erebs damkvidrebulio (sakiTxavi svetis
cxovelisaÁ 101).
didi adamianisaTvis, rasakvirvelia, marto Cveu-
lebrivi goniereba ara kmaroda, metadre Tu is saxel-
mwifo moRvawe iyo. aseTi pirovnebisaTvis saWiro iyo
,,sivrceÁ gonebisaÁ” es Tviseba mas farTo gegmis mo-
sazrebis saSualebas aZlevda da SorsmWvretelobas
uqmnida iseve, rogorc istorikoss daviT aRmaSeneblis
Sesaxeb naTqvami aqvs, rom man Tavisi gegma ,,ganizraxa
sivrciTa gonebisaTa”-o (c’am’fsa d’visi 534, gv. 300). mag-
ram gonebis sivrcesa da farTo mxedvelobasTan er-
Tad, rasakvirvelia, azrovnebis siRrmec iyo saWiro,
adamiani unda ,,Rrmadgamgone”-c yofiliyo (JamTaaR. 818,
gv. 663).
yovel moxeles, Tu moRvawes Tavisi movaleoba da
saqme hqonda. saqmeebis kuTvnilebisda mixedviT or mTa-
var dargad iyofebodnen. erTi mxriT iyvnen ,,soflioni
saqmeni”(g. mTawmideli, c’Ái’esi da ef’Tmsi 16), meore
mxriT_saeklesio, an sasuliero. aseTi zogadi danawi-
lebis garda iyo, ,,saqmeÁ samefoÁ”, e. i. saxelmwifo
saqmeebi, anda ,,saqmeÁ bWisaÁ”, anu sasamarTlo saqmeebi.
SeiZleba, agreTve, ,,saqmeÁ sakrebulo...”, e. i. monastris
krebulis Sesaxeb an raime sameurneo saqme yofiliyo.
(iqve, 41). dasasrul, mniSvnelobisda mixedviT SeiZle-
boda yofiliyo an ,,didi raÁme saqme”, anda ,,saqmeni wu-
rilni” (c’Ái’esi da ef’Tmsi 41-42).
yoveli moxeles, Tu moRvawis moqmedebis nayofie-
reba, rasakvirvelia, upirvelesad niWsa da codna-mom-
zadebazea damokidebuli: unda Sesaferis ,,niWTamqone-
beli” da ,,Semecnebuli sauravTa (Tamar mefis meore
istorik.), Tavisi movaleobis saTanado codnis patroni
yofiliyo, davalebuli Tu nakisri ,,saqmisa mecniere-
baÁ” hqonoda (c’Ti’si da efT’si41). Torem ,,arara niWTa

458
saÃelmwifoTa mqonebeli” (JamTaaRr. 886, gv. 719). Tu
saqmes ar gaafuWebda, gakeTeba mainc arafrisa SeeZlo.
yoveli moRvawis Rvawlis sidide misi ,,ganzraxvi-
Ta”, am azris ganxorcielebisaTvis gamoCenili ,,simÃni-
Ta” da dasasrul ,,TÂT saqmiTa”-c, SedegiT ganizomebo-
da (daviT aRmaS. istorikosi ca’m’fsa d’visi, gv. 164).
ganzraxvis Tviseba Tu adamianis niWze, ,,simÃne” da
,,saqme”, rasakvirvelia, moqmedi piris nebisyofaze iyo
damokidebuli. gegmis ganxorcielebisaTvis marto gan-
zraxva ara kmaroda: SeiZleba mainc araferi gamosuli-
yo, radgan did gegmas didi nebisyofa da energiac
sWirdeba. unda ,,mduRarebaÁ sulisaÁ”, daucxromeli
,,krTomaÁ da wadierebaÁ sulisaÁ” hqonoda, romelic
moRvawes yovelgvar siZneles gadaalaxvinebs, moRvawes
unda uxvad hqonoda is Tviseba, romelic garbanels
daburulsa da gauval tyeebSi samoRvaweod wamosul
serapion zarzmelSi ase aocebda. s. zarzmelis sit-
yviT, gancvifrebuli garbaneli Turme mas da mis Ta-
namgzavrebs ekiTxeboda: ,,rai ars eseodeni ese mduRa-
rebaÁ sulisa TquenisaÁ, romel esreT gaiZula dade-
bad suli uRaRTa da uvalTa gzaTa slvad”-o (c’sr’pn
z’rzmlsÁ 20). amasTanave, ganzraxulma saqmem unda ada-
miani ise gaitacos, rogorc vnebaTa Relvam, rogorc
nadirobam, romelic daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosis
sityviT mTlad ,,daimonebs Sedgomilsa TÂssa da war-
tyuenulhyofs” xolo (c’a amf’sa d’vTsi 548. gv. 315) da-
viT aRmaSenebelsac swored aseTi gatacebiT scodnia
muSaoba. TviT wignebis kiTxvis drosac, romlebSiac
misi istorikosis sityviT, is warsul saistorio
TxzulebebSi Tavis Tanamedrove cxovrebis movlenaTa
gasagebad da gegmebis mosafiqrebladac Tvalsazriss
eZebda xolme (iqve, 550_551, gv. 318), Sinaarsi da fiqri
ise itacebda Turme, rom sxva yvelaferi aviwydeboda
,,esreT Seeqca kiTxvasa da esoden warityuenna misgan

459
gonebiTa, romel yovlad daaviwyda winamdebare saqme”
(iqve, 550, gv. 317).
magram daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikoss ukve esmo-
da, rom adamiani mainc yovlad SemZlebeli ar aris da
TviT uZlieres gvirgvinosansac yoveli Tavisi, Tundac
didi niWiTa da siRrmiT ganzraxuli, gegmis ganxorci-
eleba ar SeuZlia, Tu rom am gegmis gansaxorcieleb-
lad qveyana da xalxi Sesaferisad momzadebuli ar
aris da misi maRali azrebis xorcSesxmulobisaTvis
saTanado pirobebi ar moipoveba.
saxelmwifo moRvawes, miT uemetes, mefes Sesafe-
risi ,,Tanamimyolni”-c unda hyoloda da mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini ,,kma iyunes... Tanamiyolad krTo-
maTa da wadierebaTa” misTa (c’amef’ d’vTsi 553, gv. 300),
maSin saqmis gakeTebac SeiZleboda.
istorikosis sityviT daviT aRmaSenebeli piradi
niWiTa da gegmaTa sifarToviT aleqsandre makedonel-
sac arafriT Camouvardeboda, magram misi moRvaweobis
Sedegi Tu imdenad didi ar aRmoCnda, ramdenadac aleq-
sandre makedonelisa iyo, es saqarTvelos imdroinde-
li mdgomareobiT aixsneboda. amave pirobebSi ,,qar-
TvelTa oden spiTa verc rasa aleqsandre iqmoda kar-
gsa” imgvaradve, rogorc daviT aRmaSenebelsac rom
,,sparsTa hqoneboda mefoba, anu berZenTa da hromaTa
Zali, anu sxuaTa didTa samefoTa”, farTo samoRvaweo
saxelmwifoebrivi asparezi da didi gegmebis gansaxor-
cieleblad saWiro Sesaferisad didi samxedro Zala,
,,maSinmca genaxnes naqmarni misni” (ix. Cemi istoriis mi-
zani, wyaroebi da meTodebi”, I, daviT aRmaSeneblis is-
torikosi).
moRvaweTa ,,moqalaqeobis”da mixedviT im damsaxu-
rebisda Tanaxmad, romelic maT eris winaSe miuZRodaT,
Tanamedroveni maT saxels sapatio wodebulebiT amkob-
dnen da maTi mniSvnelobisa da Rvawlis gamomxatvel
sxvadasxva saxels uwodebdnen xolme. magaliTad, didi

460
avtoritetiT mosuli moRvawis saxels win umatebdnen
xolme ,,didi”, didi arsen, didi efrem, didi ilarion
da sxva, an ewodeboda ,,moZRuari”, ,,moZRuari ganukiT-
xveli”, e. i. ucilobeli (g. merCuli, gv. lT), ,,moZRua-
ri da ganmanaTlebel queynisa Cuenisa” (g. xuces-mona-
zoni 289), ,,varskvlavi mnaTobi” (g. merCuli, gv. me).
,,gÂrgÂni dauWknobeli” (iqve, gv. kb, ng), ,,didi mnaTobi
naTesavisa CuenisaÁ” (g. xuces-monazoni 293), ,,mTiebi”
(iqve, 289), ,,samkauli naTesavisa CuenisaÁ” (g. mTawmide-
li 4).
Tavis WkuT, ganaTlebiTa da mecnierebiT gamoCe-
nil pirs ,,moZRuari”-s saxelis garda ewodeboda an,
rogorc mag. efTÂme mTawmidels ,,wyaros Tvali sib-
rZnisaÁ” (g. xuces-monazoni, 294), an ,,swavluli”, ,,swav-
luli friad” (g.mTawmideli, 33 da 57 ) ,, mecnieri” da
sxva.
saukeTeso mweralsa da SemTxzvels SeiZleba ise-
Ti saxeli moexveWa, rom ,,TavTa gamometyuelTa da aR-
mwerelTa Tana Seracxili” yofiliyo (efrem mcire,
q’kb II, 41).
politikursa da, saerTod, saxelmwifoebriv cxov-
rebaSi ganTqmul pirs ,,saxelovani” (g. mTawmideli 46
da bevrgan sxvaganac) erqva xolme erTi mimarTulebis
kuTvnilebasa da wevrobas ,,modaseobaÁ” da ,,Tanamoda-
seobaÁ” ewodeboda (g. merCuli gv. e). Tamar mefis dro-
indel yuTlu-arslanis politikuri dasis wevrebis
aRsaniSnavad ki qarTvel istorikoss naxmari aqvs ter-
mini ,,TanaSeficulni” da ,,TanaSemweni misisa gzadgam-
yvelobisani”, xolo TviT am dasis meTaurisaTvis ,,Ta-
vi moqmedTaÁ (istoriani da azmani SaravandedTan 629-
630, gv. 407). vinc brZolas meTaurobda saeklesio sfe-
roSi Tu sxvagan mis xelSi iyo ,,winambrZolobaÁ” (ef-
rem mcire, q’kbi, II,41), xolo visac saxelmwifo cxovre-
bis mimdinareobaze gavlena hqonda ,,moTauli” hrqmevia.

461
 rasakvirvelia, politikuri moRvawis Tavganwiru-
li moqmedeba, rodesac sxvis, an qveynis gadasarCenad
gadaswyvetda, rom ,,saWiro ars ganwirva Tavisa” (JamTa-
aR. 896, gv. 737) da Tavis sicocxles, Tavis Tavs ar da-
izogavda, eri aRuniSvnels ar dastovebda. amitom aris
swored, rom rodesac magaliTad dimitri II-m monRol-
Ta yaenis mrisxanebis saqarTvelosagan asacileblad
Tavisi Tavis mTebSi SexizvniT gadarCenas yaenTan was-
vla arCia da ,,dadva mefeman suli TÂsi erisa misi-
saTÂs” (iqve, 896, gv. 737), qarTvelma xalxma mas ,,dimit-
ri Tavdadebuli” da ,,saqarTvelosaTÂs wamebuli” uwo-
da (iqve, 901, gv. 741).
rogorc Cven droSi sxvebze gacilebiT maRla
mdgomi da Tavisi xanis wingamswrebi moRvawe SeiZleba
Tavisi drois garemoTi da sazogadoebiT ukmayofilo
iyos da mTeli simwvaviT am ukmayofilebas grZnobdes,
iseve qarTul saistorio mwerlobaSi gvxvdeba Cven ga-
moCenil moRvaweTa Tavis droindeli cxovrebis piro-
bebisa da garemo sazogadoebiT ukmayofilebis grZno-
bis mkafio anareklic. aseTi cnobebi, rasakvirvelia,
jer bevri ar mogvepoveba, magram is samiode cnoba amis
gamo miT ufro sagulisxmo xdeba. ukmayofilo yofila
ioane mTawmidelic, g. mTawmidelic da, ueWvelia, bev-
rni sxvanic.
ioane mTawmidels, romelsac saqarTveloSi eris-
kacobisaTvis Tavi miunebebia da ucxoeTSi _ bizantia-
Si wasula myudro samonastro moRvaweobisaTvis, aTo-
nis mTaze rom Tornike erisTavTan erTad qarTvelTa
savane dauarsebia, iq mokle xanSi mravalricxovan qar-
Tvel berebs mouyriaT Tavi. amgvarad aq, ucxo qveyana-
Siac, patara saqarTvelo gaCenila yvela Tavisi maSin-
deli TvisebebiT. swored am mRelvare da mravalricxo-
vanma qarTulma sazogadoebam, rasac ioane gaurboda
aTonis mTazec moiyara Tavi. ioane Turme Cioda me ,,gla-
xaki ese eriskaci viyav sofelsa Sina myofi da Tanamdebi

462
yovlisa bralisaÁ da meneba, raTa ucxoebasa same warvi-
de da suli Cemi vacxovno da glaxakebiT viyofebodi”-o,
magram Tornikes da sxva gamoCenil qarTvel moRvaweTa
misvlam ioane mTawmidels Turme mTeli gegma CauSala:
,,Tu viTa mohÃda, ara uwyi”, magram mas Semdgom, rac ,,mo-
vida TÂsi Cemi Tornik”, am droiTgan moyolebuli ,,misi-
Ta gziTa didTa SuRlTa da SfoTTa STavvardi da eris-
krebasa”-o (c’Áie’si da ef’Tmsi 20).
Tornikes mosvlasTan erTad misi samxedro saxel-
ganTqmulobis gamo aTonis monasterSi saqarTvelos ma-
Sindeli mravalmRelvare cxovrebis talRa SeWrila
mTeli Tavisi Rirseba-nakliT. viTarca samxedro saqmeSi
aRzrdilsa da gamobrZmedils, Tornikesac ,,amaT esevi-
TarTa pirTaTÂs ubnobaÁ da hambavi uyvarda” (iqve, 15).
warsuli ambebis Tornikes mogonebas gautacia iq myofi
qarTveli berebi, romelnic Turme dauSreteli intere-
siT ismendnen Tornikes naambobs. aTonis qarTvelTa mo-
nasterSi, vinc ki ,,iyvnes ma Jamsa kacni warCinebulni da
patiosanni, Sevidian da eubnebodian” saqarTvelos sam-
xedro winandel Tavgadasavalze (iqve). rasakvirvelia, am
ambebisadmi cnobismoyvareoba axalgazrda berebsac eqne-
bodaT aSlili da ganagonis Sesaxeb maT erTmaneTSi
mxurvale msjeloba da kamaTi gauCaRebiaT. savaneSi vne-
baTaRelvas uCenia Tavi, xmauroba ,,SfoTi”, ,,SuRlianoba”
gaCenila.
ioane mTawmidels ki ,,pirveliTganve uZnda SuRlia-
nobaÁ da SfoTi” (iqve, 19). amisaTvis mianeba man Tavi sam-
Soblos da ucxoeTSi wavida samoRvaweod. sanam Tornike
cocxali iyo, misdami siyvaruliTa da pativiscemiT yve-
la amas iTmenda, magram ,,Semdgomad Tornikis micvalebi-
sa, ganizraxa... `raTa aRiRos Ze TÂsi da ravdennime mowa-
feni da ivltodes spaniad~ (iqve, 19). espaneTSi gaqcevisa
da gadasaxlebis azri ioane mTawmidels imitom mosvlia,
rom ,,asmioda viTarmed qarTvelni ara mciredni naTesav-
ni da erni mkÂdr arian mun~ (iqve, 19). am Tavisi gadawyve-

463
tilebis gansaxorcieleblad ,,warvida vidre avidosamde,
raTa mun povos navi, kerZoTa spaniisaTa mimavali da
warvides mun” (iqve, 19). mas ueWvelia egona, rom espaneTSi
mcxovrebi ,,iberebi”, romelnic ioane mTawmidels qarTve-
lebadve miuCnevia, mis TanamoZme iberebze, qarTvelebze
ukeTesi aRmoCndebodnen.
Tavis droindeli mdgomareobiTa da qarTvel berTa
wriT arc giorgi mTawmideli yofila kmayofili. is Ta-
visi mxriT maSindel qarTvelTa ,,sigrile”-s (gulgri-
lobas) da ,,sulmokleobas”-s uCivis. amis sayvedurze,
rogorc etyoba, imdroindeli berebi am moRvawes pasu-
xad eubnebodnen, rom winaTac amaze ukeTesi ar iyoo.
isini Turme amiT TavianT Tavsac amSvidebdnen da mamxi-
lebelsac, magram namdvilad ki g. mTawmidlis sityviT,
mxolod ,,acdunebdes Tavsa TÂssa”-o. g. mTawmideli piri-
qiT, sul sxvas amtkicebda _ ,,vinaiTgan dReTa amaT ukua-
naÁsknelTa moviwieniT”, axla ,,viTarca xedavT, friadi
sigrile ixilvebis Cuen Soris”. magram ki aravin ,,hgoneb-
des da acdunebdes Tavsa TÂsa, Tu pirvelTagan esreT iy-
vnes Zmani Cuenni”. ara, sanam aTonis qarTvelTa monas-
tris saqmeebs ioane da efTÂme mTawmidelni ganagebdnen
da mam-Svilni ,,uZRodes maTda rwmunebulsa mas samwyo-
sa”, manamdis yvelani ,,yovelTa wesierebiTa da saR-
mrToÁTa moqlaqobiTa cxovndebodes”-o. xolo mas Sem-
dgom, rac efTÂme mTawmidelma monastris mamasaxlisobas
Tavi daaneba da gadadga, ,,mieriTgan ganmravlda Cuen So-
ris yoveli sulmokleobaÁ da sigrile”-o (iqve, 4-5).
giorgi mTawmideli uCioda, agreTve, qarTvelTa xa-
siaTis simtkicis uqonlobasa da daudgromelobasac. mas
Tavis saistorio TzxulebaSi erTgan naTqvami aqvs ki-
dec: ,,Cven, qarTvelebi, ,,viTarca uwyiT yovelTa, adre Se-
viriyeviT da mimosulasa moswrafed SeudgebiT”-o. e.i. ga-
dawyvetilebas male vicvliT da erT alagsa da saqmeze
yofna ar gviyvars da ,,amiT mizeziTa friad vavnebT

464
TÂsTaca”, Cven Tavsac ,,da adgilsa”, sadac muSaoba gvix-
debao (c’Ái’e da e’fTmsi 59-60).
daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosic iseve, rogorc
TviT mefec, maSindel saqarTveloSi farTo saxelmwifo-
ebrivi gegmebis mqonebeli moRvawisagan sruli siRrme-si-
ganiT azris ganxorcielebisaTvis saTanadod xelSem-
wyob pirobebs ver xedavdnen. istorikosis sityviT, da-
viT aRmaSenebeli hxedavda, rom ,,ara kma iyunes... Tanami-
yolad krTomaTa da wadierebaTa sulisaTÂsaTa”
(c’am’fsa d’vTsi 533, gv. 300).
magram Tavisi drois mdgomareobiT da sazogadoe-
biT ukmayofilebisda miuxedavad, swored gamoCenil qar-
Tvel moRvaweTa Soris qarTuli erovnuli Tvisebebis
idealizaciam iCina Tavi. Tu amaze uwinares ara, ukve XI
s-Si igi Camoyalibebulia: am droisaTvis damTavrebuli
Sexeduleba CamoinakvTa qarTul erovnul Tvisebebze,
romelsac maSin da SemdgomSic yvela iziarebda da ro-
melic qarTvelTa da sxva erovnebaTa Tvisebebis er-
Tgvar dapirispirebas warmoadgenda. giorgi xuces-mona-
zonis azriT, mag. pirveliTganve qarTvelebi, ,,naTesavi
Cueni wrfel iyo da umanko” da uZveles droiTganve
,,pirveliTganve guaqundes werilnica da sarwmunoebaÁ
WeSmariti da marTali” (c’Ág’i mTaw’mdlsÁ 294). xolo gi-
orgi dayudebulis rwmeniT, TviT RvTismSobelsac uyvar-
da qarTveloba da mas mfarvelobas uwevda: ,,didad ewya-
lis da uyuars naTesavi Cueni”-o (iqve). nikoloz kaTali-
kozs srul WeSmaritebad miaCnia, rom saqarTvelo RvTis-
mSoblis wilxdomili qveyana iyo, rom igi ,,nawilica iyo
dedisa RmrTisaÁ” da TviT ,,dedaÁ RmrTisaÁ survili iyo
da mecadinebda warsvlad qadagebad qristianobisa da sa-
xeldobr ,,gulis-TqmiT wadier iyo aRmosavliT kerZoTa
maT warmosvlad” (,,sakiTxavi svetisa cxovelisaÁ” da
sxva, vas. karbelaSvilis gam., gv. 41). giorgi mTawmidelic
sxva erovnebis mosaubre, Tu mokamaTeebTan laparakis
dros yovelTvis cdilobda xazgasmiT aReniSna, rom ,,na-

465
Tesavi qarTvelTa wrfeli da umanko” aris; rom xasiaTis
es Tviseba ugunurebiTa, an umecrobiT da simsubuqiT ki
ar aixsneba, aramed zneobrivi sifaqiziT, gulwrfelobi-
Ta da patiosnebiT. saqarTvelos avtokefaliis gamo mo-
kamaTe antioqiis patriarqsa da berZenTa samRvdeloebas
g. mTawmideli mag. eubneboda: Zalian scdebiT Tqven ber-
Znebi, ,,romelni-ese Cuen umecrad da msubuqad guxedavT
da Tavni Tqvuenni brZen da mZime giyofian”, rodesac Tav-
momwonebiT ,,esreT ugunurad Segiracxies naTesavi qar-
TvelTa da wrfeli da umanko”, rom qarTvelTagan Tqven
SekiTxvaze Rirseuli pasuxis gamcemi aravin gegulebo-
daTo (iqve, c’Tg’i mTawmd’lsÁ 315). g. mTawmidelsac swam-
da, rom qarTvelTa damaxasiaTebel Tvisebas rwmenis sis-
wore da miudrekeloba Seadgenda, da sxvebsac ara er-
Txel umtkicebda xolme, rom mas Semdgom, rac Cven qar-
Tvelebs ,,erTi RmerTi gÂcnobies arRara uar gÂyofies
da arca odes wvalebisa mimarT midrekil ars naTesavi
Cueni”-o (iqve 315), ,,raJams erTgzis gÂcnobies, arRara
midrekil varT marcxl, gina marjul da arca mivdrke-
biT, Tu RmerTsa undes”-o (iqve 323).
nikoloz kaTalokozis daxasiaTebiTac qarTvelebi
arian ,,bunebiT sadagni da martivni da gonebiT wrfelni,
simarTlesa cxovrebisasa da uRelsa umankoebisasa mzid-
velni da mxolod RmrTisa oden da mklavisa TÂsisa mo-
savni, romliTaca ukuÀ gamosaxvis da sacnaur iqmnebis
siqvele WabukisaÁ”(sakiTxavi suetis cxovelisaÁ, gv. 101),
e. i. azrovnebis keTilSobileba gulwrfeloba da mama-
curi pirdapiroba axasiaTebdao.

466
 SeniSvnebi:

Sesavali

1
ioane bagrationi. ,,kalmasoba”. k. kekeliZisa da a. barami-
Zis redaqciiT. Tbilisi, 1948, II, gv. 162-214.
2
solomon dodaSvili. Txzulebani. Tbilisi, 1961, gv. 197-
204.
3
Н. Марр. Иоанн Петрицский, грузинский неоплатоник XI-XII вв.
«Записки Вост. отделения Русского археологического общества».
СПБ, 1909, т. XIX, gv. 113 .
4
Н. Марр. Вступительные и заключительные строфы «Витязя в
барсовой коже» Шота из Рустава. «Тексты и разыск.» по арм.-
грузинской филологиии. СПБ, 1910,XII, gv. XГVI.
5
iv. javaxiSvili. qarTveli eris istoria. Tbilisi, 1928,
II, gv. 302. ufro vrclad iv. javaxiSvilis SexedulebaTa
mniSvnelobaze qarTuli filosofiis istoriis Tvalsaz-
risiT, ix. Cveni – akad. iv. javaxiSvili da qarTuli fi-
losofiuri azri (,,macne”. filosofiis ... seria. 1977, #3.
gv. 5-13).
6
nemesios emeseli. bunebisaTvis kacisa. berZnulidan gad-
moRebuli ioane petriwis mier. gam. sergi gorgaZisa. tfi-
lisi, 1914, gv. VII.
7
,,pirveli qarTuli safilosofio sazogadoeba”, (gazeTi
,,saxalxo saqme”. 1918, 29 maisi, # 243, gv. 3). ramden xans
iarseba sazogadoebam gaurkvevelia. rogorc cnobebidan
Cans, pirvel sxdomaze gaTvalisiwnebuli iyo s. gorgaZis
moxsenebis mosmena Temaze: ,,filosofiis mTavari dargebi
qarTul mwerlobaSi”. es, Cans, is naSromia, romelic amave
saTauriT gamoqveynda JurnalSi _ ,,Cveni mecniereba”. 1923,
#2-3.
damfuZnebel krebas, romelzedac Tavmjdomared ser-
gi gorgaZe airCies, daswrebia universitetis maSindeli
reqtori petre meliqiSvili. SemdegSi cnobil mecnierTa
Soris sazogadoebis wevrebi iyvnen (humanitaruli darge-

467
bidan): d. uznaZe, S. nucubiZe, s. danelia, g. axvlediani, s.
yauxCiSvili, mix. zandukeli, geronti qiqoZeE da sxv. er-
Ti wlis Semdeg (1919 w.) sazogadoebis morigi sxdoma gax-
sna s. gorgaZem, Tavmjdomared arCeuli iyo d. uznaZe.
sxdomam moismina S. nucubiZis moxseneba ,,bunebisaTvis
cnebisa” (gamoqveynebulia universitetis moambeSi. 1919-
1920, 1, gv. 9-38); kamaTSi monawileoba miiRes s. gorgaZem, d.
uznaZem da sxv. (ix. ,,saxalxo saqme”. 1919, 6 ivnisi, #543,
gv.4).
8
Jurn. ,,Cveni mecniereba”. 1923, #2-3, gv. 138-152.
9 Jurn. ,,Cveni mecniereba”. 1923, #1, gv. 65-74. 
10
 iqve, gv. 71. 
11
 iqve, gv. 74. 
12
  k. kekeliZe. qarTuli literaturis istoria. Tbilisi,
1923, I, gv. 303. 
13
k. kekeliZe. qarTuli literaturis istoria. Tbilisi,
1924, II, gv. 106. Sdr. gv. 99: ,,rogorc prof. marma daamtki-
ca, avtori vefxistyaosnisa aris neoplatoniki”...
14
 z. avaliSvili. vefxistyaosnis sakiTxebi. parizi, 1931, gv. 62. 
15
 rusTavelis krebuli. Tbilisi, 1938, gv. 159. 
16
S. nucubiZe. qarTuli filosofiis istoria. Tbilisi,
1956, t. I, gv. 6. 
17
Ш. Нуцубидзе. Восточный Ренессанс и критика евроцентризма. sa-
qarTvelos ssr mecn. akademiis moambe. 1941, II, # 8, gv. 773.
18
iqve.
19 
История философии. Под ред. Г.Ф. Александрова и др.,Москва, 1940,
I. gv. 371. 
20
В. Латышев. Scythica et Caucasica. Известия древних писателей о
Скифии и Кавказе. Москва, 1896, I, gv. 65, 80. 
21 
qarTlis cxovreba. s. yauxCiSvilis gam., Tbilisi, 1955, t.
I. gv. 152. 
22
 vrclad am sakiTxze, ix. Ш. Хидашели. Соотношение предмета 
философии и ее истории. «Вопросы философии». 1968, №6; S. xida-
Seli. qarTuli filosofiis istoria. Tbilisi, 1988, gv.
15-29. 

468
23
В. Виндельбанд. История древней философии. СПБ, 1908, gv. 287.
24
А. Гарнак. История догматов. «Всеобщая история культуры». СПБ,
1911, VI, gv. 320.
25
  Гегель. Соч.,  Москва, 1935, т. XI, gv. 112. 
26
 К. Маркс и Ф. Энгельс. Соч., Москва, 1931, XIV, gv. 475, 476. 
27
 К. Маркс и Ф. Энгельс. Соч., Москва, 1933, IV, gv. 235. 
28
Тексты и разыскания по арм.-грузинской филолофии. СПБ, 1911, кн.
VII. Георгий Мерчул. Житие Григория...1911, gv. X.
29
 k. kekeliZe. Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis istoria. Tbili-
si, 1951, t. I, gv. 104. 
30
К. Гильберт, Г. Кун. История эстетики. Москва, 1960, gv. 186.
31
S. nucubiZe. Sromebi. Tbilisi, 1976, t. IV, gv. 322-23. Sdr.
Ш. Нуцубидзе. Руставели и Восточный Ренессанс. Тб., 1947, gv. 244.
32
А. Ф. Лосев. Эстетика Возраждения. М., 1978, gv. 86.
33
 iqve, gv. 106. 

pirveli Tavi

1
  saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi. tomis redaqtori So-
Ta mesxia. Tb., 1973, t. II, gv. 15. 
2
georgika. teqstebi qarTuli TargmanebiTurT gamosces
da ganmartebebi daurTes: al. gamyreliZem da sim. yaux-
CiSvilma. Tb., 1961, I, gv. 50-51.
3
  s. yauxCiSvili. ritorikuli ganaTlebis centri Zvels
saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis moambe.
tfilisi, 1940, X-B, gv. 339. 
4
  iv. javaxiSvili. qarTveli eris istoria, tfilisi, 1928,
wigni I, gv. 253-43. iv. javaxiSvili sargeblobda Temistio-
sis sityvis v. latiSevis publikaciiT (В. Латишев. Scythica te
Caucasica. Известия древних писателей о Скифии и Кавказе.  1896, I,
gv.  696).  s. yauxCiSvilis publikacia ufro vrcelia da me-
ti daskvnebis SesaZleblobas iZleva. 
5
Н. А. Машкин. История древнего Рима. Москва, 1949, gv. 618. 
6
 И. Цветаев. Из жизни школ Римской империи. Москва, 1902, gv. 40. 

469
7
  Paulys Real-Encyclopädie der klassischen Altertums. Wissenschaft.
1909,Bd. VI, gv. 986. 
8
Ed. Zeller. Die Philosophie der Griechen. ... Leipzig, 1903, Th. 3, Abt. 2, 
gv. 799. 
9
Речи Либания. Изд. С. Шестакова. Казань, 1914, I,  gv. XIII. 
10
 Zeller. citirebuli Txzuleba. gv. 798. 
11 georgika. al. gamyreliZisa da sim. yauxCiSvilis gamoce-

ma. Tbilisi, 1961, I, gv. 65, 64. 

12 iqve, gv. 63-64. 
13
История философии. Под ред. Г.Ф. Александрова и др., Москва,
1940, т. I, gv. 335. 
14 iqve, gv. 337. 
15 quTaisis pedinstitutis Sromebi. 1940, I., igive Sexedu-

lebas icavs avtori mogviano publikaciaSi. georgika. 1961,

I, gv. 60-61.  
16 Salva nucubiZe. qarTuli filosofiis istoria. Tb.,

1956, t. I, gv. 111-112. 

17 m. CxartiSvili. qarTuli hagiografiis wyaroTmcodneo-

biTi Seswavlis problemebi. Tbilisi, 1987, gv. 37. avtori

ar iziarebs mosazrebas, romelic ,,logosebSi” gulis-
xmobs ,,ritorikul xelovnebas” da fiqrobs, rom es ter-
mini bakurTan mimarTebaSi ,,aSkarad mecnierebis gagebiT
ixmareba, romelsac marTlac mravali dargi aqvs (Sdr.
arqeologia, biologia, geologia da a.S)” (iqve, gv. 102). 
18
 Zeller. citirebuli Txzuleba. gv. 741-742. 
19 iqve, gv. 742. 
20
Речи Либания. Изд. С. Шестакова. Казань, 1914, I,  gv. 313. 
21 
Libenii Opera. Vob. III, Oratines XXVI‐L, hipsiae MCMVI, On. XXX, 2. da-
mowmebuli adgilis Targmani dedanTan Sedarebulia
prof. s. danelias mier. 
22
 В. Виндельбанд. История древней философии. СПБ, 1908, gv. 306. 
 

470
 meore Tavi
1
  iv. javaxiSvili. qarTveli eris istoria. Tbilisi, 1928,
t. I, gv. 311-312 (Sdr. qarTlis cxovreba. ana dedoflis
nusxa. 942).  
2 qarTlis cxovreba. gv. 134 (Sdr. s. janaSia. Sromebi. Tbi-

lisi, 1949, tomi, I, gv. 291-292). 

3
 k. kekeliZe. Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis istoria. Tb., 1951,
I, gv. 104. 
4 iakob curtaveli. martviloba SuSanikisi. il. abulaZis

gamocema. Tb., 1938. 

5
 iv. javaxiSvili. qarTveli eris istoria. 1948, tomi II, gv.
185; pirveli gamoc., 1914, gv. 495. 
6 
iv. javaxiSvili. qarTveli eris istoria. 1928, tomi I, gv.
280-290. 
7
  Вл.  Соловьев.  Манихейство.  Энц.  словарь,  Брокгауз‐Ефрон.  Т.  36, gv.
541-543. 
8
  А.Н.  Веселовский.  Собрание  сочинений.  1921, VIII, Вып. I, gv. 177,
172, 174. 
9
  Л.  П.  Карсавин.  Очерки  религиозной  жизни  в  Италии  XI-XII веков. 
Москва, 1912, gv. 1. 
10
 qarTlis cxovreba. s. yauxCiSvilis gamoc., 1955, I, gv. 142.
am faqts didi mniSvneloba eniWeba saerTod qarTuli
kulturis istoriis TvalsazrisiT. mobidanis moRvaweo-
bis xanas iv. javaxiSvili gansazRvravs daaxl. 429-437
wlebiT. unda vifiqroT, rom qarTuli nawerebi ufro ad-
re arsebobda, vidre uZvelesi qarTuli literaturuli
Txzuleba (SuSanikis martviloba) daiwreboda, anda uZve-
lesi epigrafikuli warwera gakeTdeboda (mxedvelobaSi
gvaqvs bolnisis sionis waraweris miRebuli TariRi). 
11
  iv. javaxiSvili. qarTveli eris istoria. 1928, t. I, gv.
283. 
12 
S. nucubiZe. qarTuli filosofiis istoria. 1956, t. I, gv.
121 (Sdr. Cveni qarTuli sazogadoebrivi da filosofiuri
azris istoriidan. Tbilisi, 1954, gv. 34). 

471
13 makari mesxi. ,,cxoreba... petre qarTvelisa”. Zveli qar-
Tuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi (XI-XIV ss.).
ilia abulaZis redaqciiT. Tb., 1967, t. II, gv. 224. 
14 georgika. bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos

Sesaxeb. s. yauxCiSvilis gamocema. Tbilisi, 1965, II, gv. 277.

igive faqti dasturdeba qarTuli wyaroebis cnobiT. pet-
rem xsenebul monasters ,,wesi da kanoni” ganuCina da wi-
namZRvari daudgina. avtori aRniSnavs, agreTve, rom pet-
rem da ioane lazma ,,aRaSenes saxli sastumrod... da ganu-
sunebdes momavalTa ZmaTa qarTvelTa da brZenTa” (ix. wi-
na SeniSnvnaSi damowmebuli gamocema). 
15 g. wereTeli. uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebi palestini-

dan. Tbilisi, 1960, gv. 10-27. es faqti sxva biografiul mo-

nacemebTan erTad, adasturebs petre iberis cocxal kav-
Sirs qarTvel xalxsa da kulturasTan, sagvareulosa da
maxloblebisadmi. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom is ucxour
wyaroebSi yvelgan qarTvelad, petre iberad iwodeboda.
misi biografi rufusi dawvrilebiT da siyvaruliT wers
petres papebis, didedebis da ded-mamis Sesaxeb. sinaziT
wers ,,cnobil qveyana iberiaze”, rogorc petres samSob-
loze; petres bavSvobaze, mis cremlebsa da ,,qarTulad”
warmoTqmul locvebze, wers ioane lazisa da petres ad-
rindel saxelebze, romlebic maT erqvaT ,,maTi qveynis
enaTa mixedviT”. ar aviwydeba petres gamzrdeli qali, mi-
si qaliSvili, romelic petres ZuZus awovebda, misi vaJe-
bi, romlebic murvanis asakisani da misi ,,Zmobilebi iy-
vnen”. cxadia, rom rufuss am pirTa Sesaxeb cnobebi TviT
petre iberisgan hqonda mosmenili da maTi pativiscema da
siyvaruli biografs manve Caunerga. petre iberi werilebs
Rebulobda maxloblebisgan, eklesiebs da monastrebs
aSenebda qarTul wesebisa da adaTis mixedviT da a.S. 
16
  E. Honigmann. P’ierre l’ Jbérien et les écrits du Pseudo-Denys l’
Areopagite. Memaires de l’Academie Roal de Belgique. Bruxelles, 1952.
rusuli Targmani: Э. Хонигман. Петр Ивер и сочинения Псевдо-
Дионисия Ареопагита. Пер. с франц. Ш. Нуцубидзе. Труды
Тбилисского гос. университета. 1955, т. 59, gv. 53. 
17 iqve, gv. 54. 

472
18
Ed. Schwartz. Johannes Rufus – ein monofisitischer Schriftsteller.
Heidelberg, 1912, gv. 25. 
19 
s. yauxCiSvili. berZnuli literaturis istoria. Tbili-
si, 1949, gv. 270. 
20
  petre iberieli. Sromebi. s. enuqaSvilis gamocema. Tbi-
lisi, 1961, gv. 118, 124, 127. (Sdr.  Fr.  Ueberweg.  Grundriss  der 
Geschichte der Philosophie. Berlin, 1905, II, gv. 146). 
21
  Иоанн  Дамаскин.  Точное  изложение  првославной  веры.  Пер.  Ал. 
Бронзова.СПБ, 1894, gv. 48-49. 
22
 Ш. Нуцубидзе. Тайна Псевдо‐Дионисия Ареопагита. Тб., 1942 da me-
16 SeniSvnaSi miTiTebuli ernest honigmanisa naSromi.  
23 sakiTxis vrceli mimoxilva ix. nucubiZisa da honigma-

nis dasax. naSromebSi da agreTve, s. enuqaSvili. petre

iberielis (fsevdo-dionsie areopageli) Sromebis Zvel-
qarTuli Targmani da maTTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.
petre iberieli. Sromebi. Tbilisi, 1961, gv. 015-0198. 
24
H. Koch. Psludo-Dionysius Areopagita in seinem Beziehungen zum
Neuplatonismus und Misterienwesen. Meinz, 1900, gv. 258. 
25
Jos. Stiglmayr. Der sogenannte Dionysuis Areopagita und Severos von
Antiochien. ,,Scholastik”. 1928, III.  
26
Вл. Орлов. ,,Тамариани”. «Новый мир». 1943, №2-3, gv. 124-126; Л.
Меликсет-Бек. «Тайна Псевдо-Дионисия Ареопагита».
«Византийский временник». 1949, №2, gv. 373-375; Н.Ф. Сидорова.
Очерки по истории ранней городской культуры во Франции. М., 1953,
gv. 341; В.С. Молодцов, С.Б. Церетели, В.А. Гагоидзе: «Серьезное
историко-философское исследование». «Вопросы философии». 1964,
№3 gv. 163-164; З.Ф. Тажуризина. Философия Николая Кузанского.
М., 1972, gv. 30-31; А.Ф. Лосев. Эстетика Возраждения. М., 1978, gv.
23 и др.
s. yauxCiSvili. Sesavali werili. qarTlis cxovreba. Tb.,
1955, 1, gv. 30-34; misive _ petre iberi da ioane lazi..., gaz.
,,axalgazrda komunisti”. 1955, 7, VI, #68; misive _ gamoCeni-
li qarTveli moRvawe petre iberi... Jurn. ,,droSa”. 1957,
#5, gv. 13-14; S. xidaSeli. fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da
petre iberis igiveobis sakiTxisaTvis. Jurn. ,,mnaTobi”.
1957, #5, gv. 146-156; s. enuqiSvili. e. honigmanze erTi sta-

473
tiis gamo. Jurn ,,ciskari”. 1958, #3, gv. 124-129; misive _ Se-
savali werili. petre iberieli... Sromebi. 1961; doqt. xaim
vardi. saflavis Zieba. gaz. ,,komunisti”. 1961, 22, III, # 73
(statia Targmnilia Cristian News from Israel-dan. ierusalimi). 
27 ix. l. meliqseT-begis dasax. recenzia: ,,Византийский

временник”. 1949, II, gv. 374. 

28 honigmanis dasax. naSr; rusulad, gv. 41. 
29
  iqve, gv. 36-37. sayuradReboa, rom es dasturdeba qar-
Tuli wyaroebiTac, e.w. ,,mcire svinaqsarSi”, romelic gad-
moRebulia efTÂme aTonelis mier (xelnawerTa instituti.
xeln. A-97). 4 oqtomberi aseve aRniSnulia dRed ,,wmidisa
ieroTeosi, romeli iyo moZRvari wmidisa dionisisi”.  
30 iqve, gv. 55. 
31
Byzantinische Zeitschrift. 1953, 46 B. H 2, gv. 446. 
32
La nouvele Clio. 1952, Mai-Oktober, #5-8, gv. 308-313 
33 
Les  recherehes  Dionysiennes  de  1955  a‐Ney          1960;  JurnalSi _ 
Revue d’istoire et de philosophie religierses. Paris, 1961, XLI,  gv. 22-81.
am gamokvlevaSi mocemulia sakmarisad vrceli suraTi
petre iberis sakiTxis mdgomareobisa 1960 wlamde. sakiT-
xis kidev ufro vrcel kritikul analizs mkiTxveli na-
xavs:    Ш.  Нуцубидзе.  Петр  Ивер  и  античное  филоссофское  наследие. 
Тб.,  1963. am naSromis qarTuli Targmani ix. S. nucubiZe.
Sromebi. Tbilisi, 1975, t. V.

mesame Tavi
 
1 m. sabinini. saqarTvelos samoTxe. peterburgi, 1882, gv.

256. stefanozma mamasaxliss epoqisTvis damaxasiaTebeli

sityvebiT mimarTa: ,,...umetes arsa saydarsa Cemsa episkopo-
zisa da rameTu me mefeTa saydarTa vzi d igini arian
nacvalni RuTisani quÀyanasa zeda?” 
2 iqve, gv. 257. 
3 qarTuli enis istoriis qrestomaTia. iv. imnaiSvilis ga-

mocema. Tbilisi, 1949, t. I, gv. 176. 

474
4 k. kekeliZe. etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis
istoriidan. Tbilisi, 1955, t. III, gv. 44. 
5 iqve, gv. 47-48. 
6 k. kekeliZe. ieremia iberieli. tfilisis universitetis

moambe. 1929, t. IX, gv. 187 da Smd.  

7
В. Райт. Краткий очерк истории сирийской литературы. СПБ, 1902,
gv. 1. 
8 iqve, gv. 54. Tu ieroTeosi ioane lazis fsevdonimia, ro-

gorc e. honigmani fiqrobs, maSin dgeba sakiTxi am wignis

kavSiris Sesaxeb qarTul azrovnebasTan. 
9 asurel moRavweTa cxovrebis Zveli redaqciebi. ilia

abulaZis gamocema. Tbilisi, 1955, gv. 162. 

10
 iqve, gv. 152. 
11
  iqve, gv. 193. abibos nekreselis Sexedulebani termino-
logiurad ufro axloa anaqsimandresTan, romelic fiq-
robda, rom ,,maradiuli da waruvali” ,,apeironisgan” ga-
moeyo ,,cxeli, mSrali, teniani da civi”. amis Sesatyvisad
warmoiqmna dapirispirebulTa ori wyvili: cecxli da hae-
ri, wyali da miwa. ix. Дж.  Томсон.  Исследования по истории
древнегреческого общества. М., 1959, т. II. Первые философы. gv. 148. 
12 ,,georgika”. bizantiuli mwerlobis cnobebi saqarTve-

los Sesaxeb, s. yauxCiSvilis gamocema. Tb., 1936, III, gv. 64-

81; Агафий. О царствовании Юстиниана. Пер. М. В. Левченко.
Москва, 1953. 
13 agaTis Txzulebis rusuli gamocema. gv. 9. 
14 miT. Txz., III, 5. 
15
Творения Василий Великого. М., 1872, т. II, gv.230. 
16
 georgika. 1936, III, gv. 66, 67. 
17
 iqve, gv. 83. 
18 iv. javaxiSvili. qarTveli eris istoria. 1928, t. I, gv.

281. 
19
 iqve, gv. 287. 
20 kaTolikoba ufro gvian vrceldeba CvenSi da misi

ganxilva scildeba Cveni Sromis qronologiur CarCoebs. 

21
Прот. Дм. Дмитриевский. История православной христианской
церкви. Москва, 1918, gv. 90. 

475
22
  leonis epistole flabianes misamarTiT. Setanilia ar-
sen iyalToelis cnobil ,,dogmatikonSi”, romelic Tavisi
SinaarsiT mimarTulia monofizituri rwmenis winaaRmdeg. 
23
 Дм. Дмитриевский. cit. Txz., gv. 90. 
24 am dokumentSi naTqvamia: ,,...vbrZanebT, rom maTTan (qar-

TvelebTan _ S.x.) srulebiT araviTari damokidebuleba

ar hqondeT [somxebs _ S.x.] arc locvaSi, arc Wama-smaSi,
arc megobrobaSi, arc Svilebis aRzrdaSi, rom mcxeTisa
da manglisis jvrebis karze salocavad aRar gaemgzav-
rnon xolme da Cven eklesiebSi ar SemouSvan, erTmaneTs
Soris jvaris werasac srulebiT Tavi daanebon. nebadar-
Tulia maTTan mxolod yidva-gayidva, viTarca ebraeleb-
Tan” (citirebulia iv. javaxiSvilis qarTveli eris isto-
riis mixedviT. 1928, I, gv. 358). 
25
Ив. Джавахишвили. Истрия церковного разрыва между Грузией и
Арменией. Известия Императорской АН. 1908, т. II, gv.444, 525. 
26 iv. javaxiSvli. qarTveli eris istoria. tfilisi, 1928,

t. I, gv. 355. 
27
Г. Н. Чубинашвили. Золотых дел маcтера Асата работа... Вестник
Госуд. Музея Грузии. 1948, XV В. gv. 129. 
28 
k. kekeliZe. martviri qarTveli (VI-VIII s-is qarTveli
moRvawe sabawmindis lavraSi _ palestinaSi) da misi
Txzuleba _ ,,Tqumuli sinanulisaTÂs da simdablisa”.
,,literaturuli Ziebani”. 1947, III, gv. 298, 299.
es Zegli k. kekeliZem aRmoaCina XIII s-is xelnawerSi da
minaweris safuZvelze daaskvna, rom is ekuTvnis qarTvel
moRvawes martviri sabawmidels (ix. misi qarTuli lite-
raturis istoria. 1960, t. I, gv. 125). traqtati daTariRebu-
lia VI-VII ss-iT. Semdeg S. Satitte-m da A. Halleux-ma gamoT-
qves mosazreba, rom am traqtatis avtori unda iyo mar-
tviri sahdona, nestorianeli episkoposi, VII s-is pirveli
naxevris sirieli mwerali. rac Seexeba qarTul Sromas,
is, xsenebuli mkvlevrebis azriT, warmoadgens siriuli
Sromis meore nawilis VII-XII Tavebis eqscerpts.
k. kekeliZem bolomde ar gaiziara am mkvlevrebis mosaz-
rebebi, magram SeniSna: ,,Cven es garemoeba xels ar SegviS-
lis movixsenioT is qarTuli mwerlobis istoriaSi da

476
martviri qarTveli, sabawmideli Tavisi sexnias, martviri
sahdona mTargmnelad vaRiaroT, qarTul-siriuli litera-
turuli urTierTobebis dasaxasiaTeblad” (iqve, gv. 126).
SeiZleba gadauWarbeblad iTqvas, rom kidev ufro didi
mniSvneloba aqvs am traqtats qarTuli azrovnebis isto-
riis TvalsazrisiT. 
29 ,,literaturuli Ziebani”. 1947, III, gv. 298. 
30 XIX s-Si am Sexedulebas h. spenseris garda, mravali

moazrovne iziarebda. ix. am sakiTxze - Н. Кареев. Общество и

организм. В книге - «Историко-философские и социологические
этюды». Петербург, 1895, gv. 246-278. 
31
 ,,literaturuli Ziebani”. 1947, III, gv. 299. 
32 iqve, gv. 300. 
33 Тексты и разыскания арм.-грузинской филологии. В кн. Житие

Григория Хандзтийского. Изд. Н. Марра. СПБ, 1911, gv. 38. 

34 იქვე. 
35 iqve, gv. me, mz, mÀ. 
36
 iqve, n. maris Sesavali werili. gv. XII-XIII. 
37
  iv. javaxiSvili. Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba.
Tbilisi, 1945, gv. 115,116. 
38 ix. Sen. 35, gv. iz., kd. b, nv, ov, oz. 
39 
iqve, gv. g: ,,xolo gulisÃmierebaÁ swavlisaÁ gansakÂrve-
beli iyo friad, rameTu mswafl xolo daiswavla daviTi
da ÃmiTa saswavleli swavlaÁ saeklesioÁ, samoZRuroÁ
qarTulsa enasa Sina yoveli daiswavla, da mwignobro-
baÁca iswava mravalTa enaTaÁ da saRmrToni wignni zepi-
riT moiwurTna; xolo sibrZnÀca igi amis sofliTa fi-
losofosTa iswava keTilad, da romeli povos sityviT
keTili _ Seiwynaris, xolo jerakuali ganagdis da ga-
niTqua sisrulÀ igi misi saxelovnad yovelTa Soris. xo-
lo gareSesa mas sibrZnesa soflisasa hbasrobn sityÂsa-
ebr mociqulisa, viTarmed ,,gan-raÁ-meacofa RmerTman
sibrZnÀ igi amis soflisaÁ”.  
40
  ix. Ш. Хидашели.  Основные мировоззренческие направления в
феодальной Грузии. Тбилиси, 1962, gv. 154. 
41
Творения Василия Великого. М., 1911, т. XI, gv. 256, 257. 

477
42 Иоанн Дамаскин.  Полное собрание творений. Под ред. А.
Сагарды. СПБ, 1913, gv. 92.   
43
 iqve, Tavi I, gv. 50. 
44
  balahvarianis qarTuli redaqciebi. ilia abulaZis gam.,
Tbilisi, 1957, gv. 3. 
45 Sdr. v. rozenis recenzia zotenbergis gamokvlevaze. 

Записки Вост. Отд. Русского археологического общества. 1887, gv.

166. Sdr. ,,Sexeduleba, rom ioane damaskeli iyo am Txzu-
lebis avtori, exla sayovelTaod aris uaryofili» (K.
Krumbacher. Geschichte der byzantinische Literatur. München, 1897, gv.
887). 
46 ix. giorgi mTawmideli. cxorebaÁ ioanesi da efTÂmesi.

Tbilisi, 1946, gv. 15. 

47
Армяно-грузинские материали для истории душеболезной Повести с
Варлааме и Иоасафе. СПБ, 1899, ЗВО, XI, I-IV, gv. 51-52. 
48 sibrZne balahvarisi. ilia abulaZis gamocema. Tbilisi,

1937; S. nucubiZisa da s. yauxCiSvilis Sesavali werili,

gv. XIII-XIV. 
49
Fr. Dölger. Der grichische Barlaam-Roman - ein Werk des H. Johannes
von Damaskos. Ettal, 1953. 
50 vrclad sakiTxze ix. Salva nucubiZe. Sromebi. 1977, t.

VI.  
51 balahvarianis qarTuli redaqciebi. ilia abulaZis ga-

mocema. Tbilisi, 1957, gv. 57-59. 

52 iqve, gv. 120-121, 123-124, 10, 6, 61, 25, 69-70. 
53 samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom

qarTul ,,balahvarianSi” gamoyenebulia RmerTis dasabu-

Tebis fiziko-Teologiuri argumenti, romelic, kantis
sityviT, yvelaze Zveli da gavrcelebulia azrovnebis is-
toriaSi (Sdr. g. TevzaZe. imanuel kanti. Tbilisi, Tb.,
1974, gv. 419). 
54 k. kekeliZe. etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis is-

toriidan. Tbilisi, 1945, t. II, gv. 6. 

55 iqve, gv. 7-8. 
56 iqve, gv. 13, 15, 24, 30. 
57 iqve, gv. 30-32. 

478
58 Zeglis nawili, romelic antikur filosofiur codnas
Seicavs, gamoqveynebulia k. kekeliZis mier. ix. misi ,,etiu-
debi...”, 1962, t. VIII, gv. 136-139. 
59
Г. Н. Чубинашвили. Золотых дел мастера Асата работа... Вестник
Гос. Музея Грузии. 1948, XV-B, gv. 115. 
60
 g. CubinaSvili. 973 wlis jvari iSxanidan. ,,saqarTvelos
muzeumis moambe”. tfilisi, 1931, VI. gv. 298. 
61 
iqve, gv. 308. 
62 iqve. 
63
 Salva amiranaSvili. beqa opizari. Tbilisi, 1956, gv. 29. 
64
Lovis Brehier. L'Art csristien son die veloppat iconographique ches
Origenes á nos Jcars. Paris, 1928, gv. 238-239.

 
meoTxe Tavi
 
1
Nicholas of Mathone. Refutation of Proclus... Ed. by A. Angelou. Athenaj,
1984, gv. LVII. 
2 Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. Tb.,

1981, naw. I, gv. 189. 

3
Любарский Я. Н. Михаил Пселл. М. 1987, gv. 88. 
4
Joannou P., Die Iluminationslehre des Michael Psellos und Johannes
Jtalos (Stundia Patristica et Byzantiana. 3. H. Ettal. 1956, gv. 45). 
5 m. gogiberiZe. rCeuli filosofiuri Txzulebani. Tb.,

1978, t. IV, gv. 22. 

6 S. nucubiZe. Sromebi. 1976, t. IV, gv. 29. 
7
Johannes Philoponos. Ausgewählte Schriften. Wien, 1967, gv. 24 
8
G. Podskalsky. Nikolaos von Methone und die Proklosrenaissance in
Byzanz (Orientalia Christiana periodica, 42. Rom, 1978, gv. 516). 
9 petre iberieli (fsevdo dionise areopageli). Sromebi.

Tb., 1961, gv. 76 da 237. 

10 grigol noseli. pasuxi equsTa maT dReTaTvis. saqar-

Tvelos eklesiis kalendari. Tb., 1989. gv. 195. 

11 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. Tb., t. 2, 1937. gv. 219. 
12 Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia. Tb., 1946, 1,

gv. 100. 

479
13 basili kesarielis swavlaTas eqvTime aToneliseuli
Targmani. Tb., 1983, gv. 05. 
14 iqve, gv. 03. 
15
 iqve, gv. 19. 
16
 iqve, gv. 21. 
17 
iqve, gv. 22. 
18 grigol nazianzelis xelnawerTa aRweriloba. Tb., 1988,

gv. 6. 
19
 iqve, gv. 149. 
20 amonios ermisis Txzulebani qarTul mwerlobaSi. Tb.,

1983, gv. 5. 

21
  Культура Византии.  Первая половина VII в., М., 1984, IV, gv. 25. 
22
 Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia. 1. gv. 373. 
23
Культура Византии... IV, gv. 70. 
24
 H. Koch. Die mystische Schauen beim Gregor von Nyssa. Theologische
Quartalschrift. Stuttgart, 1898, t. 80. gv. 398. 
25
  iqve, gv. 399. 
26 grigol noseli. pasuxi equsTa maT dReTaTvis. gv. 195. 
27 Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi.

Tbilisi, 1981, naw. 1, gv. 206. 

28
 grigol noseli. pasuxi equsTa maT dReTaTvis. gv. 254-
255. 
29
W. Beierwaltes. Plotins Metaphysik des Lichtes. Die Philosophie des
Neoplatonismus. Darmstadt,1977, gv. 113. 
30
 Satberdis krebuli. Tb., 1979, gv. 117. 
31 iqve. gv. 118.

mexuTe Tavi
 
1 k. kekeliZe. Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria. Tb.,

1980, t. I, gv. 201-202. 

2 k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa institutis fonde-

bi: A 1, 16, 80, 87, 92, 1338; S 383, 413, 1696. 
3
 k. kekeliZe. Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria. t. I,
gv. 198-201. 
4
k. kekeliZe. Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria. t. I,
gv. 187-191; S. nucubiZe, Sromebi. Tb., 1983, t. VIII, gv. 340-544;

480
e. xinTibiZe. qarTul-bizantiuri literaturuli urTier-
Tobis istoriisaTvis. Tb., 1982, gv. 262-372. 
5
 k. kekeliZe. Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria. t. I,
gv. 205. 
6 ,,aTonis krebuli” (gadawerilia 1074 wels). 
7 fsalmunis Zveli qarTuli redaqciebi. mzeqala SaniZis

gamocema. Tb., 1980, gv. 027. 

8
  k. kekeliZe. Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria. t. I,
gv. 223-224; ,,equsTa dReTaÁs” giorgi mTawmideliseuli
Targmani. ix. basili didi. equsTa dReTaÁ. m. kaxiZis gamo-
cema, Tb., 1947. 
9 e. WeliZe. grigol noselis kosmologiuri Txzulebis

,,petres mimarT Zmisa TÂsisa ,,pasuxi equsTa dReTaTÂs”

qarTuli Targmani (sakandidato desertacia. 1985).  
10 uZvelesi redaqciebi basili kesarielis ,,equsTa dReTa-

sa” da grigol noselis Targmanebisa ,,kacisa agebulebi-

saTÂs”. i. abulaZis gamocema. Tb., 1964. 
11 e. WeliZe. dasax. naSromi. gv. 84, 131. 
12 iqve. 
13 Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli Zeglebi. Tb; 1964. I, gv.

193. 
14
 e. WeliZe. dasax. naSromi. gv. 140.

meeqvse Tavi
 
1 iv. javaxiSvili. qarTveli eris istoria. Tbilisi, 1948,

t. II, gv. 299. 

2 iqve, gv. 302. 
3
  J. Burkhardt. Die Kultur Renaissance in Italien. Achte, durchgearbeitete
Auflage von L. Geiger. Bel. Leipzig, 1901, 2, gv. 216.   
4
  vrclad sakiTxze ix.  Ш. В. Хидашели. Основные
мировоззренческие направления в феодальной Грузии. Тб., 1962, gv.
200 da Semdeg. 

481
5 n. berZeniSvili. savaziro feodalur saqarTveloSi.
enimkis moambe. 1941, X, gv. 300. 
6 iqve, gv. 301. 
7 qarTlis cxovreba. 1959, II, gv. 199. 
8
Н. Марр. Древне-грузинские одописцы. Труды по арм.-грузинской
филологии. 1902, IV, gv. 49. 
9
  wigni saaqimo. l. kotetiSvilis SesavaliT. Tbilisi,
1936, gv. XXV. Sdr. iv. beritaSvili. adamianis bunebis Se-
saxeb moZRvreba Zvel saqarTveloSi. Tbilisi, 1957, gv. 141. 
10
 iqve, gv. 142. 
11 iqve, gv. 159. 
12 wigni saaqimo. gv. 15. 
13
Ш. Амиранашвили. История грузинского искусства. Тб., 1950, gv.
210. 
14
Г. В. Алибегашвили. Четыре портрета царицы Тамары. Тб., 1957, gv.
58. 
15 iqve, gv. 59. 
16
 А. Волская. Рельефы Шиомгвиме и их место в развитии грузинской
средневековой культуре. Тб., 1957, gv. 74.  
17 Zveli qarTveli mexotbeni. iv. lolaSvilis gamocema.

Tbilisi, 1957, Tamariani. XII, 2. 

18 iqve, Sen. II. 
19 amitom, Cvens mecnierebaSi gamoTqmuli Sexedulebis wi-

naaRmdeg, qarTul saero mwerlobaSi asaxuli fizikuri

Zalis hiperbolizacia principulad gansxvavdeba agiogra-
fiul TxzulebaTaTvis damaxasiaTebeli saswaulebisgan.  
20 visramiani. al. gvaxarias da mag. Toduas gamocema. Tbi-

lisi, 1962, gv. 90. 

21 iqve, gv. 106.  
22
 iqve, gv. 151. 
23 S. nucubiZe. samecniero xarisxis sakiTxisaTvis Zvel

saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelos ssr ganaTlebis saministros

pedagogiur mecn. instituti. Sromebi. 1948, III, gv. 30. 
24 saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi. Tb., 1979, III, gv. 399. 
25 pirvelad Sexeduleba, rom bizantiaSi renesansi iwyeba

miqael fselosiT, gamoTqva karl prantlma (1830-1888).

482
Sdr.  Ш. И. Нуцубидзе. Руставели и Восточный Ренессанс. Тб., 1947,
gv. 300. 
26 swavlani da sibrZneni filosofosTani. iv. lolaSvi-

lis gamocema. Tbilisi, 1969, gv. 73; ,,vefxistyaosani”. 1941,

gv. 789-790. es dakvirveba ekuTvnis pavle ingoroyvas. 
27
 nemesios emeseli. bunebisaTÂs kacisa. berZnuliTgan gad-
moRebuli iovane petriwis mier. gamosca sergi gorgaZem.
tfilisi. 1914; ganmartebaÁ proklesTÂs diadoxosisa da
platonurisa filosofiisaTÂs. S. nucubiZis da s. yaux-
CiSvilis gamocema. ioane petriwi. Sromebi. tfilisi, 1937,
t. II; prokle diadoxosisa platonurisa filosofosisa
kavSirni. s. yauxCiSvilisa da m. gogiberiZis gamocema.
Tbilisi, 1940, t. I; ioane damaskeli. dialeqtika. maia ra-
favas gamocema. Tbilisi, 1976; amonios ermisis Txzuleba-
ni qarTul mwerlobaSi. maia rafavas gamocema. Tbilisi,
1983. 
28 
Sdr. Иоанн Дамаский. Точное изложение православной веры. СПБ,
1894, кн. I, главы: 4,9,12. 
29
А. Ф. Лосев. Эстетика Возраждения. М., 1978, gv. 37.
S. nucubiZem aRmosavluri renesansis koncefcia zogadi
saxiT da ,,evropocentrizmis” kritika, sazogadoebas pir-
velad gaacno moxsenebis saxiT moskovSi, m. gorkis sax.
msoflio literaturis institutis samecniero sabWos
sxdomaze. sxdomas Tavmjdomareobda cnobili mecnieri
i.i. anisimovi; kamaTSi sxvebs Soris monawileoba miiRo v.
m. Jirmunskim, romelsac maSin am Teoriisadmi kritikuli
pozicia eWira. Semdeg man es Teoria gaiziara, oRond gan-
sxvavebuli SexedulebiT aRmosavleTis dasawyisis droi-
sa da qveynis sakiTxSi.
am sakiTxze S. nucubiZis pirveli naSromi gamoqveynda 1941
wels saTauriT: «Восточный  Ренессанс  и  критика 
европоцентризма»  (saqarTvelos ssr mecn akademiis moambe.
1941, t. II, #8, gv. 773-781); 6 wlis Semdeg gamoqveynda misi
monografia: «Руставели и Восточный Ренессанс». Тбилиси. 1947 (me-
ore gamocema _ Tbilisi, 1967; qarTuli Targmani, ix. S.
nucubiZe. Sromebi. Tb., 1976, t. IV). es Teoria Semdeg gai-

483
ziara akad. n. i. konradma, magram Jirmunskis msgavsad, gan-
sxvavebuli SexedulebiT.
erT-erTi adrindeli gamoxmaureba nucubiZis Teoriaze
ekuTvnis mweral al. tolstois. is maRal Sefasebas aZ-
levs S. nucubiZis am mimarTulebiT warmoebul kvleva-Zi-
ebas da iziarebs Teorias aRmosavluri renesansis pirve-
li keris - ,,akvnis” sakiTxSic. sayuradReboa, rom es re-
cenzia TiTqmis ori aTeuli weli ido Tbilisis erT-erT
redaqciaSi da misi gamoqveyneba moxerxda mxolod rusTa-
velis meore iubilesTan dakavSirebiT («Литературная
Грузия». 1965, №6, gv. 79-81; «Огонёк». 1966, #38, seqtemberi, gv.
9; «Деятели русской культуры о Шота Руставели». Tb., 1966, gv. 88-
93).
ukanaskneli drois Sefasebebi qarTuli da aRmosavluri
renesansis Teoriisa ekuTvnis Cven mier damowmebul al.
losevs da Semdeg: m. kapustins, n. naTaZes, z. yulizades,
i.s. braginskis da sxv. (ix. Tbilisis universitetis krebu-
li: Ш. Нуцубидзе. К 90-летию со дня рождения. Тб., 1980). 
30 S. nucubiZe. Sromebi. 1976, t. IV, gv. 322-323. 
31
 А. Ф. Лосев. Эстетика Возраждения. М., 1978, gv. 95, 106. 
32
 iqve, gv. 97. Sdr. ,,neoplatonuri esTetika, gadamuSavebu-
li humanisturad, yvela SemTxvevaSi rCeba aRorZinebis
azrovnebis ZiriTad mimarTulebad, renesansis ZiriTad
tendenciad Tavidan bolomde”. iqve, gv. 99. 
33 iqve, gv. 33. 
34
В. Виндельбанд. История древней философии. СПБ, 1908, т.I, gv.
306.  
35 iqve, gv. 307. 
36
 Прокл. Первоосновы теологии. Тб., 1972, gv. 38. 
37 iqve. 
38
Николай Кузанский. Избранные сочинения. М., 1937, gv. 8. 
39
 iqve, gv. 64. 
40
iqve, gv. 73. 
41
  mizezis, sawyisisa da erTianobis Sesaxeb. ix.  Дж. Бруно.
Диалоги. М., 1949, gv. 75. 

484
42
 prokles, gasagebi mosazrebebis gamo, saWirod miaCnia da-
akonkretos gamomdinareobis cnebasTan mimarTebaSi: is rom
,,samyaro maradiulia, ar niSnavs, rom is ar gamomdinare-
obs gonisgan” (Прокл. Первоосновы теологии. Тб., 1972, gv. 45). 
43
 Прокл. Первоосновы теологии. Тб., 1972, gv. 45‐46. 
 
 
meSvide Tavi
 
1
iv. javaxiSvili. Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba
(V-XVIII ss.). Tbilisi, 1945, gv. 170. 
2
  Н. Марр. Иоанн Петрицский, грузинский неоплатоник XI-XII вв.
СПБ, 1909, gv. 92; iv. javaxiSvili. qarTveli eris istoria.
Tb., 1948, II, gv. 300; k. kekeliZe. qarTuli literaturis is-
toria. Tb., 1960, t. I, gv. 255. 
3
  Martin  Grabman.  Die  Geschichte  der  scholastische  Methode.  Berlin, 
1956, I, gv. III. 
4
  Ш. Хидашели. Основные мировоззренческие направления в
феодальной Грузии. Тб., 1962, gv. 155-157. 
5
ioane damaskeli. dialeqtika. maia rafavas gamocema. Tbi-
lisi, 1976, gv. 67. 
6
iqve, gv. 172 
7
 iqve. 
8
  iqve, gv.76. Cans, am Txzulebisganaa damokidebuli sul-
xan-saba orbelianis ganmarteba sityvisa ,,naTesavi”, mis _
sityvis konaSi. 
9
,,timeosi”. 27d. 
10 citirebulia efrem mcires mier Sesrulebuli qarTuli

xelnaweris mixedviT. saq. mec. akadmeiis xelnawerTa in-

stitutis xelnaweri A-24. citirebuli adgilebi dazuste-
bulia filolog maia rafavas mier, risTvisac did mad-
lobas movaxseneb. 
11
 iqve, gv. 60 r. 
12 
iqve, gv. 60 v. 
13
 iqve, gv. 61 v. 

485
14 
iqve, gv. 56 г. 
15
 iqve, gv. 56 v. 
16 
К. Фишер. Декарт.История новой философии. СПБ, 1906, gv. 50. 
17
 iqve. 
18 
ioane damaskeli. dialeqtika. gv. 75. 
19
 iqve, gv. 77. 
20
 iqve, gv. 77. 
21
Иоанн Дамаскин. Полное собрание творений. Под ред. А. Сагарды.
СПБ, 1913, I, gv. 48. 
22
  ioane damaskelis ,,codnis wyaros” es nawili ara aqvs
Targmnili arsen iyalToels. ratomaa es nawili gamoto-
vebuli qarTveli moazrovneebis mier, es sakiTxi Seuswav-
lelia. aq damaskeli ixilavs eretikosobis 73 saxeobas,
maT Soris aris rogorc winaqristianuli moazrovneebi,
ise agreTve, qristianobis SigniT Casaxuli mimarTuleba-
ni: platonikosebi, stoikosebi, epikurelebi, romlebic
damaskelis sityviT, _ ,,amticebdnen, rom atomebi da ganu-
yofeli sxeulebi... dauboloebelni arian ricxviT, warmo-
adgenen sawyisebs yvela nivTebisa da aswavlidnen, rom ne-
tarebis mizani kmayofilebaa da rom arc RmerTi da arc
gangeba ar marTaven saqmeebs”. aqve damaskeli ixilavs
origenelebs, maniqevelebs, arianelebs, monoTelitebs,
nestorianelebs da sxv. eresebis am saxeobaTa Soris mra-
vals hqonda gavrceleba saqarTveloSi, sxvadasxva perio-
debsa da socialur wreebSi. 
23 ioane damaskeli. dialeqtika. maia rafavas gamocema.

Tbilisi, 1976, gv. 67. 

24
 iqve, gv. 66, 67. 
25
 iqve, gv. 67, 68. 
26 S. nucubiZe. qarTuli filosofiis istoria. t. I, gv. 390-
391. 
27
A. Harnak, J. M. Mitchel. Neoplatonismus. Encyclopaediea Britanica. 19. 
28
Бертран Рассел. История Западной философии. М., 1959, gv. 433. 
29
Ш. В. Хидашели. Основные мировоззренческие направления в
феодальной Грузии. Тб., 1962, gv. 266. 
30
 Николай Кузанский. Соченения.М., 1979,т. I, gv. 101. 

486
31
 Николай Кузанский.Избранные философские соченения. М., 1937, gv.
355. 
32
gamocemulia srulad. ix. petre iberieli (fsevdo-dio-
nise areopageli). Sromebi. Tb., 1961; SemdgomSi yvelgan es
gamocemaa damowmebuli kerZod: jer damowmebulia citi-
rebuli areopagituli Txzuleba an epistole, Semdeg Se-
sabamisi gverdi (an gverdebi). 
33 ,,saRmrToTa saxelTaTÂs”. gv. 72. 
34 iqve. 
35 epistole ,,tites mimarT...” gv. 252  
..
36 iqve, sityviT ,,gamoCineba” efrem mcire Targmnis
άπόδειξις-s rac filosofiaSi (mag., aristotelesTan) niS-
navs, agreTve, damtkicebas, dasabuTebas. petriwi Targmnis
_ ,,aRmoCenaÁ”. 
37
 ,,zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaTÂs”. gv. 106. 
38
 ,,saRmrToT saxelTaTÂs”. gv. 94. 
39
 iqve, gv. 107. 
40
 iqve. gv. 10. 
41
Seminarium kandakavianum. Сборник статьей по археологии и
византиноведению... Прага, 1929, III, gv. 134‐135. 
es dakvirveba miT ufro sayuradReboa, rom ekuTvnis av-
tors (vl. loskis), romelic cdilobs gamijnos fsevdo-
dionises moZRvreba panTeizmisa da emanatizmisgan (iqve,
gv. 137). 
42 ,,saRmrToTa saxelTaTÂs”. gv. 10, 11. 
43
erTis sawyiseul bunebas simravlesTan SedarebiT fsev-
do-dionise asabuTebs neoplatonuri debulebiT: ,,TÂnier
erTisa ver ars simravle; xolo TÂnier simravlisa ars
erTi” (,,saRmrToTa saxelTaTÂs”. gv. 95). 
44 iqve, gv. 94. 
45
,,zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaTÂs”. gv. 108-109. 
46
 ,,saRmrToTa saxelTaTÂs”. gv. 33. 
47
 iqve, gv. 30. 
48
 iqve, gv. 32. 
49
 iqve, gv. 35, 36. 

487
50
 iqve, gv. 35. Sdr. platoni: mSveniereba ,,ar aris mSvenieri
aq, xolo simaxinje iq; igi ar aris xan mSvenieri, xan
aramSvenieri; ...mSvenieri erTi mimarTebiT, simaxinje meore
mimarTebiT; mSvenieri erT adgilas, simaxinje meore adgi-
las”. ix. platoni. ,,nadimi”. Tb., 1964, gv. 211. 
51 iqve, gv. 36. 
52
 iqve, gv. 36. 
53
 iqve, gv. 36. 
54
 iqve, gv. 61. 
55
,,zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisTÂs”. gv. 44. 
56
 ,,saRmrToTa saxelTaTÂs”. gv. 44. 
57 
iqve. gv. 21. Sdr., gv. 49. fsevdo-dionises am sityvebs maq-
sime aRmsarebeli urTavs komentars: ,,uwinares yofadisa
mis mZÂnvarisa senisa maniqevelTaÁsa keTilad iRuwis (di-
onise) Semzadebulad wamlisa, raJams Tquas, viTarmed,
,,yoveli orobaÁ ara dasabami ars, aramed erToba ars da-
sabam yovlisa orobisa”; ,,xolo maniqevelni orTa dasa-
bamTa wvaleben urTierTas winaaRmdgomTa...” Semdeg: fsev-
do-dionises sityvebi _ ,,ukueTu boroti samaradiso ars”...
komentirebulia ase: ,,ese sityvani maniqevelTa winaaRsad-
gomelni arian da damÃsnelni wvalebisa maTisani, rameTu
daRacaTu jereT maSin ara iyo wvaleba amaTi, aramed wina
gangebulebiT moberviTa sulisa wmidisaÁTa mimadla did-
sa amas (dionises) moZRuarTa Soris, raÁTa uwinares seni-
sa Sehmzados wamali sakurnebeli, nuukue da maSinaca iy-
vnes vieTnime warmarTTaganni metyuel eseviTarisa
cruÁsa”. maqsimes komentarebis gasagebad unda gaviTva-
liswinoT, rom fsevdo-dionise misTvis I s-is moRvawea da
ufro adre cxovrobda, vidre maniqeveloba warmoiqmnebo-
da.  
58
 iqve, gv. 49. 
59
  ,,saRmrToTa saxelTaTÂs”. gv. 48. winadadebis azri sit-
yva-sityviT: boroteba arsi ar aris. 
60
 iqve, gv. 48. 
61
iqve, gv. 53. 
62
 iqve, gv. 55. 

488
63
 iqve, gv. 55. 
64
 iqve, gv. 61. 
65
 iqve, gv. 7. 
66
  ,,zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisTÂs”. gv. 106. Sdr. plotine:
,,visac surs Tavi daaRwios cTomilebas da ar miaweros
mas (pirvel sawyiss) raime Seuferebeli”, ukeT moiqceva,
Tu pirveli sawyisis moazrebis mizniT mimarTavs ara ho-
yofas, aramed uaryofas (en. V.5,12). 
67
  gaugebroba gamoiwvia agreTve apofatikis sakiTxma da
gansakuTrebiT misma daskvnam RmerTis iseTi predikatis
uaryofis Sesaxeb, rogoricaa arseboba. magram areopagi-
tuli moZRvrebis Tavisebureba (neoplatonizmis msgavsad)
isaa, rom aq apofatikuri daskvnebi ar aris moZRvrebis
saboloo daskvnebi. piriqiT, apofatika gzas xsnis Rmer-
Tis mistikuri wvdomisTvis, sadac is warmodgeba, ro-
gorc ze-arsi (arsebobaze ufro meti). 
68 ,,saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaTÂs”. gv. 229. 
69 
iqve, gv. 224. 
70 
iqve, gv. 223. 
71
 iqve, gv. 225. 
72
 iqve, gv. 223. 
73
Philosophische Wörterbuch. Begrundet von Heinrich Schnidt. Stuttgert,
1956. 
74
  H. Koch. Pseudo-Dionusius Areopagita in seinem Beziehungen zum
Neuplatonismus und Mysterienwesen. Mainz, 1909,  gv.  94.  (Sdr.  Ш.  И. 
Нуцубидзе. Руставели и Восточный Ренессанс. Тбилиси, 1967, gv. 84-
85). 
75 qarTul mecnierebaSi gamoTqmulia Sexeduleba, rom

areopagituli moZRvreba eretikulad arasodes yofila

cnobili. efrem mcire areopagituli korpusis qarTuli
Targmanis ,,winabWeSi” saWirod Tvlis SeekamaTos imaT,
,,romelni mwvaleblobiT ginebad kadnier iqmnebian didisa
dionvisisi, viTarmed yovlad umecarni mwvalebaTa viTa-
rebisani” (iv. lolaSvili. efrem mciris ,,winabWe”. gaz.
,,literaturuli saqarTvelo”, 1970 #35).  
76
А. Ф. Лосев. Эстетика Возраждения. М., 1978, gv. 35‐36. 

489
77
  iqve, a. losevi agrZelebs: ,,qarTuli renesansis mkvlev-
rebma gaxades mxolod gasagebi da damajerebeli warmod-
gena areopagitikis aseT gamoyenebaze renesansSi. prokles,
petriwis da rusTavelis filosofiis am mkvlevrebis Sem-
deg Zalian Znelia vinmem gabedos da areopagituli msof-
lmxedveloba mxolod apofatizmze da mxolod ganmarto-
ebisa da senakSi gandgomis Teoriaze daiyvanos”. 
78 ,,saRmrToTa saxelTaTÂs”. gv. 29-30.  
79 citata motanilia efrem mciriseuli TargmaniT. maqsime

aRmsareblis komentarebis mTliani teqsti gamosacemad

momzadebuli mixeil kaxaZis mier, inaxeba aRmosavleT-
mcodneobis institutis bizantinologiis ganyofilebaSi.  
80
Heinrich Weertz. Die Gotteslehre des Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita und
ihre Beziehungen auf Thomas von Aquina. Köln, 1908. gv. 27.   
81
 Weertz-is dasax. naSromi. gv. 19 da Smd. 
82 iqve, gv. 26. 
83
 ,,saRmrToTa saxelTaTÂs”. gv. 32. 
84
 iqve, gv. 65. 
85
 iqve. 
86
 iqve, gv. 33. 
87
  H. Koch. Pseudo-Dionusius Areopagita in seinem Beziehungen zum
Neoplatonismus und Musterienwesen. Mainz. 1900, gv. 94. (Sdr. Ш. И.
Нуцубидзе. Руставели и Восточний Ренессанс. Тб., 1967, gv. 84‐85). 
 
 
merve Tavi
 
1 anton bagrationi. wyobilsityvaoba. Tb., 1972. gv. 173. 
2
М. Иванов. Златарските произведения от XVI-XIX вв; в музея на
Бачковския монастир. София. 1967, gv. 131. 
3
n. keWeymaZe. ioane italosis Semoqmedeba. Tb., 1970, gv. 148. 
4
ioane petriwi. Sromebi. Tb., 1937, t. 2, gv. 1,6, 63, 108, 109, 222. 
5
iqve, gv. 222. 
6
iqve, gv. 63. 
7
 iqve, gv. 222. 

490
8
 iqve. 
9
 iqve, gv. 109. 
10
iqve, gv. 223. 
11
Th. Kobusch. Studien zur Philosophie des Hierokles von Alexandrien.
München. 1976. gv. 13. 
12
s. dodaSvili. Txzulebani. Tb., 1989, gv. 56. 
13
Н. Я. Марр. Иоанн Петрицский – грузинский неоплатоник XI-XII вв.
СПБ, 1909. 
14
 ioane petriwis Sromebi. Tb., 1940, t. 1 da 1937, t. 2. 
15
Иоанэ Петрици. Рассмотрение платоновской философии и Прокла
Диадоха. М., 1984. 
16
Прокл. Первоосновы теологии. Тб., 1972. 
17
Философская энциклопедия. М., 1967, т. 4, gv. 389. 
18
Philosophen Lexikon. Hrsg. E. Lange. Berlin, 1982, gv. 447. 
19
ioane damaskeli. dialeqtika. Tb., 1976, gv. 67. 
20
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 107-108. 
21
Die Philosophie des Neoplatonismus. Hrsg. C. Zintren. Darmstadt, 1977,
gv. XXV. 
22
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 5. 
23
 iqve, gv. 130. 
24
 iqve, gv. 222. 
25
 iqve, gv. 78. 
26
g. TevzaZe. pavle mociquli petriwis komentarebSi (saR-
vTismetyvelo krebuli. Tb., 1981, #12, gv. 173). 
27
petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli). Sromebi.
Tb., 1961, gv. 163. 
28
ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 78. 
29
petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli). Sromebi.
gv. 136. 
30 
ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2 gv. 208. 
31
iqve, gv. 226. 
32
g. TevzaZe. petriwis ,,bolo-sityuaÁs” erTi adgilis ga-
gebisaTvis (saq. mecnierebaTa akademiis ,,moambe”. Tb., #9,
1955, gv. 739). 

491
33
Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi. Tb.,
1981, naw., 1, gv. 208. 
34
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2 gv. 155. 
35
Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi.
naw., 1, gv. 208. 
36
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 219. 
37
iqve, gv. 108. 
38
i. lolaSvili. arsen iyalToeli. Tb., 1978, gv. 138-139. 
39
g. TevzaZe. ioane petriwi da nikoloz meToneli. ,,reli-
gia”. Tb., 1992. #3. gv. 15. 
40
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2 gv. 184. 
41
Маркс К., Энгельс Ф. Сочинения., М., 1933, т. III. gv. 122. 
42
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 8. 
43
 iqve, gv. 11. 
44
iqve. 
45
amonios ermisis Txzulebani qarTul mwerlobaSi. Tb.,
1984. gv. 58. 
46 
ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 11. 
47
iqve, gv. 15. 
48
iqve, gv. 12. 
49
Rosan L. I., Philosophy of Proclus. New York, 1949, gv. 188. 
50 
ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 16. 
51 iqve. 
52 iqve, gv. 158. 
53
  sulxan‐saba orbeliani. Txzulebani. Tb., 1965, t. IV, gv.
328. 
54
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 46. 
55 petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli). Sromebi.

gv. 7. 
56
Кузанский Н., Сочинения. М.,1979, т. I, gv. 12. 
57 
ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 1, gv. XXII. 
58 iqve, gv. 45. 
59 iqve, gv. 79. 
60
Althem F., Stiehl R., Porphyrios und Empedokles. Tübingen, 1954, gv. 40. 
61
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 82. 

492
62 iqve, gv. 83. 
63 Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia. Tb., 1946, I,
gv. 288. 
64 
ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 28. 
65
 iqve, gv. 124. 
66 
iqve, gv. 171. 
67
 iqve, gv. 59. 
68 
iqve, gv. 83. 
69
 iqve, gv. 136. 
70
 iqve, gv. 43. 
71
 iqve, gv. 87. 
72 
iqve, gv. 85. 
73 
iqve, gv. 88. 
74
 iqve, gv. 162. 
75
 iqve, gv. 50-51. 
76
 iqve, gv. 155. 
77
 iqve, gv. 67. 
78 
iqve, gv. 94. 
79
Lullus R., Die neue Logik. Hamburg, 1985, gv. 171. 
80
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 5-6. 
81 iqve, gv. 56. 
82 sulxan-saba orbeliani. Txzulebani. t. IV, gv. 334. 
83
Heidegger M., Sein und Zeit. Tübingen, 1963, gv. 35. 
84
Кузанский Н., Сочинения. М., 1979, т.I. gv. 26. 
85
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 5-6. 
86 iqve, gv. 74. 
87
 iqve, gv. 126. 
88
Аль-Фараби. Философские трактаты. Алма-Ата, 1970, gv. 92. 
89
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 65. 
90
 iqve, gv. 17. 
91
 iqve, gv. 130-131. 
92
 iqve, gv. 55. 
93
 iqve, gv. 88. 
94 
iqve, gv. 136. 

493
95
  v. ofermansi. xuTi mizezis Sesaxeb ioane petriwTan da
Toma akvinelTan. saq. mecn. akad. ,,macne”. filosofiis da
fsiqologiis seria. 1972, #3. 
96
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 38. 
97
 iqve, gv. 139. 
98
 iqve, gv. 91. 
99
 iqve, gv. 146. 
100
 iqve, gv. 176. 
101
 iqve, gv. 95. 
102 
iqve. 
103 
iqve, gv. 176. 
104 
iqve, gv. 142. 
105 
iqve, gv. 179. 
106 
iqve, gv. 78. 
107 iqve, gv. 138. 
108 
iqve. 
109
Kranz W., Vorsokratische Denker. Berlin, 1959, gv. 168. 
110
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, 149. 
111
 iqve, gv. 150. 
112
 iqve, gv. 149. 
113
 iqve, gv. 150. 
114
 iqve, gv. 18. 
115
 iqve, gv. 14. 
116 
 Kranz W., Vorsokratische Denker. gv. 40. 
117
Тевзадзе Г., Учение Аристотеля о времении и его рецепция в
философии Петрици. Труды ТГУ. Тб., 1984, №49, gv. 411. 
118
  basili kesarielis ,,swavlaTa” efTÂme aToneliseuli
Targmani. Tb., 1983, gv. 93. 
119
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 107. 
120
  Тевзадзе Г., Учение Аристотеля о времении и его рецепция в
философии Петрици. Труды ТГУ. №49. gv. 414; g. robaqiZe. ,,graa-
lis mcvelnSi” qarTuli transkripciiT wers kaiross da
misTvis igi niSnavs ,,naRd, zust wams”. 
121
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2. gv. 120. 
122 iqve, gv. 26. 

494
123
Proklos Diadochos. Über die Vorschung, frein Willen... Hrsg. Theo
Borger. Köln, 1971, gv. 12. 
124 
ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 119. 
125
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 107. 
126
 iqve, gv. 222. 
127
Nikolaus von Kues. Philosophisch-Theologische Schriften. Wien, 1964,
B. I,. gv. 44. 
128 
ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 108. 
129
 iqve, gv. 114. 
130
 iqve, gv. 117. 
131
 iqve, gv. 109. 
132
 iqve, gv. 111. 
133
 Elders L., Aristoteles Cosmology. Assen, 1965, gv. 147. 
134
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 112. 
135
 iqve, gv. 108. 
136
 Kranz W. Vorsokratische Denker. gv. 69, 99. 
137
 nemesios emeseli. bunebisaTvis kacisa. tfilisi, 1914. gv. 75. 
138
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 6 
139
 iqve, gv. 186. 
140
 iqve, gv. 11. 
141
 iqve, gv. 178. 
142 
iqve, gv. 43. 
143
  petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli). Sromebi.
gv. 37. 
144
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 7. 
145 iqve. 
146
 Joanno P., Die Iluminationslehre des M. Psellos und J. Italos. gv. 117. 
147
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 52. 
148
Платон. Сочинения. М.,1968, т. I, gv. 15. 
149
 Аристотель. Сочинения. М., 1978, т. 2, gv. 94. 
150
  Kobusch Th., Studien zur Philosophie des Hierokles von Alexandrien.
München, 1976, gv. 63. 
151 
ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 58. 
152
 iqve, gv. 211. 
153
 iqve, gv. 63. 

495
154
 l. aleqsiZe. Semecnebis safexurebi prokle diadoxosi-
sa da ioane petriwis SromebSi. saq. mecn. akad. ,,macne”. fi-
losofiisa da fsiqologiis seria. Tb., 1984, #2, gv. 43. 
155 petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli). Sromebi.

gv. 7, 44, 57, 70. 

156 Mesterink L. C. Anonymous prolegomena to Platonic Philosophy.

Amsterdam, 1967. gv. XIX.  

157
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 8. 
158
 iqve, gv. 149. 
159
 iqve, gv. 188. 
160
 iqve, gv. 8. 
161
 iqve, gv. 220. 
162 
iqve, gv. 52. 
163
 iqve, gv. 8-9. 
164
 iqve, gv. 100. 
165
 iqve, gv. 9. 
166
 iqve, gv. 139. 
167
 iqve, gv. 42. 
168
 iqve, gv. 94. 
169
 iqve, gv. 52. 
170
 iqve. 
171
 iqve, gv. 52. 
172
 iqve, gv. 206. 
173
 iqve, gv. 130. 
174
 iqve, gv. 152. 
175
Прокл. Первоосновы теологии. Тб., 1972, gv. 163. 
176
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 189. 
177 iqve. 
178 petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli). Sromebi, gv. 7. 
179
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2. gv. 46. 
180
Лихачев Д. С., Еще раз в защиту великого памятника.
,,Литературная газета”. 1985, №35, gv. 3. 
181 
 Eiken H., Geschichte und System der mittelalterlichen Weltanschauung.
Stuttgart und Berlin. 1923, gv. 322 
182
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. 2, gv. 220. 

496
 mecxre Tavi 
1 iv. lolaSvili. arsen iyalToeli. 1978, gv. 3. 
2 anton bagrationi. wyobilsityvaoba. iv. lolaSvilis ga-

mocema. Tbilisi, 1980, gv. 766. 

3 iqve, gv. 754. 
4 mcire uwyebani qarTvelTa mweralTaTvis. iv lolaSvi-

lis gamocema. Tbilisi, 1982, gv. 170. aq sityvas ,,somexs”

aqvs konfensiuri mniSvneloba. 
5 solomon dodaSvili. Txzulebani. Tb., 1961, gv. 199. 
6 S. nucubiZe. qarTuli filosofiis istoria. Tbilisi,

1958, t.II, gv. 20 da Smd. 

7
 iv. lolaSvili. arsen iyalToeli. 1978, gv. 43. 
8 ioane petriwi. saTnoebaTa kibe. Tbilisi, 1968, gv. 137. 
9 korneli kekeliZe. qarTuli literaturis istoria. Tbi-

lisi, 1960, t, I, gv. 273. 

10 qarTlis cxovreba. s. yauxCiSvilis mier dadgenili teq-

sti. Tbilisi, 1955, t. I, gv. 356. 

11 iqve, gv. 357. 
12 iqve.  
13 
iv. lolaSvili. arsen iyalToeli. Tb., 1978, gv. 107; Sdr.
Ф. Жордания. Описание рукописей Тифлисского церковного музея.
Тифлиси, 1903, I, gv. 232. 
14
Otto Bardenhewer. Patrologie. 1910, gv. 501. 
15
  iv. lolaSvili. arsen iyalToeli. gv. 105; Ф. Жордания.
Описание рукописей Тифлисского церковного музея. gv. 232. 
16 ioane damaskeli. dialeqtika. 1976, gv. 17. 
17 iqve, gv. 10. simeon pRinZahaneli, erovnebiT somexi, rwme-

niT diofziti, Cans Tavisi drois ganaTlebuli pirovneba

iyo. man, ,,codnis wyaros” garda, qarTulidan Targmna ioa-
ne sinelis ,,klemaqsi” da neoplatonikos prokles mTavari
filosofiuri Txzuleba ,,Teologiis pirvelsafuZvlebi”.
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT neoplatonizmisa da misi mniSvnelo-
bis Sefasebas ukanaskneli drois gamokvlevebis mixedviT,
SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom am Targmans didi mniSvneloba
unda hqonoda somxuri filosofiuri azris ganviTarebaSi. 
18 k. kekeliZe. qarTuli literaturis istoria. 1960, t. I, gv. 297. 

497
19 iqve. 
20 S. nucubiZe. qarTuli filosofiis istoria. 1958, t. II, gv. 150-151. 
21
 ioane damaskeli. dialeqtika. 1976, gv. 18 . 
22 am Sexedulebas savsebiT iziarebs iv. lolaSvili. ix. mi-

si arsen iyalToeli. 1978, gv. 109. 

23 iv. lolaSvili. miTiTebuli naSromi. gv. 117. 
24 iqve, gv. 127; Sdr. k. kekeliZe. qarTuli literaturis is-

toria. 1960, t. I. gv. 282. 

25
  al. aleqsiZe. ,,qarTul enaze moRweuli antilaTinuri
polemikis Txzuleba”. Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis (Tsu), Sromebi. 1962, arqeologia, klasikuri
filologia. Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 119. Sdr. k. kekeliZe. qarTu-
li literaturis istoria. 1960, t. I. gv. 486. 
26
Анна Комнина. Алексиада. М., 1965, gv. 397. 
27 iqve, gv. 111. 
28 Cans mis gakicxvaSi garkveuli roli karis intrigebmac

Seasrula. Анна Комнина. Алексиада. gv. 613.  

29 al. aleqsiZe. miT. naSromi. gv. 113. citirebuli sityvebi

ekuTvnis cnobil mecniers a.p. kaJdans. 

30
 iqve, gv. 113. 
31 k. kekeliZe. qarTuli literaturis istoria. 1960, t. I, gv.

486. avtori fiqrobs, rom evstrati nikielis es Txzuleba

TviT arsens ar uTargmnia da Semdegaa Setanili ,,dogmati-
konSi” (iqve). k. kekeliZes eTanxmeba al. aleqsiZe (damowme-
buli naSromi, gv. 111). iv. lolaSvili ar iziarebs am Sexe-
dulebas da miaCnia, rom is Targmnilia arsenis mier da
manve Seitana Tavis Sedgenil krebulSi. ufro metic, misi
sityviT _ ,,dasaSvebia vifiqroT, rom arseni evstratis pi-
radadac icnobda” (iv. lolaSvili, arsen iyalToeli. gv.
135), radgan arseni swored evstratis dros swavlobda man-
ganis akademiaSi. Cven vfiqrobT, rom swored imis gamo, rom
arseni iyo mowme ioane otalosis gasamarTlebisa, gakic-
xvisa da dasjisa, da Tu icnobda evstratisac da icoda
misi bedic, _ Zneli safiqralia, rom evstrates Txzuleba
Seetana ,,dogmatikonSi”, krebulSi, romelic sagangebod
iyo Sedgenili yovelgvar eretikosTa da gakicxulTa wina-
aRmdeg brZolisTvis.  

498
32 iv. lolaSvili. miqael fselosis filosofiur-egzegeti-
kuri traqtati ,,pirmSoÁsaTvis”. Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis
sakiTxebi. Tbilisi, 1964, t. II, gv. 78. 
33 rodesac S. nucubiZe pirvelad Seexo ,,pirmSoÁsaTvis” sa-

kiTxebs (ideolgiur winaaRmdegobaTa axali Zegli XII s-is

saqarTveloSi. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis Srome-
bi. 1938, VII, gv. 151-162) _ Zegli jer gamocemuli ar iyo. am-
Jamad is gamocemulia orjer: wina SeniSvnaSi miTiTebul
krebulSi da georgikaSi. 1966, 6, gv. 261-263. 
34 ix. wina SeniSvnaSi miTiTebuli  iv. lolaSvilis gamoce-

ma. gv. 80; georgika, 1966, 6, gv. 260. 

35 S. nucubiZe. ideologiur winaaRmdegobaTa axali Zegli.

Tsu-is Sromebi. 1938, VII, gv. 159. 

36 iqve. 
37 iqve. 
38 ix. Cveni Основные мировоззренческие направления в феодальной

Грузии. Тб., 1962, gv. 287-291. es Sexedulebani kritikulad

aris ganxiluli da maTi uaryofis cda aris mocemuli
traqtatis gamomcemlis iv. lolaSvilis werilSi _ ,,Zveli
qarTuli mwerlobis sakiTxebi”. Tbilisi, 1964, II, gv. 75-79;
84-88. Cveni pasuxi ix. qarTuli filosofiuri azris isto-
riis narkvevebi. 1977, V, gv. 20-30; Sdr. iv. lolaSvili. ar-
sen iyalToeli. 1978, gv. 39. 
39 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. 1937, t. II, gv. 12. 
40 iqve, gv. 13. 
41
 iqve, gv. 94. 
42 
iqve, gv. 172. 
43
 iqve, gv. 155. 
44 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. 1940, t. I, gv. 30. 
45
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. II, gv. 94. 
46 iqve, gv. 95. 
47 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. I, gv. 16. 
48
 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. II, gv. 90. 
49
 iqve, gv. 218. 
50
Иоанн Дамаскин. Точное изложение православной веры. СПб, 1894,
gv. 32.

499
 meaTe Tavi
 
1 ilia WavWavaZe. Txzulebani xuT tomad. Tbilisi, 1941, t.

II, gv. 62. 

2 moris boura. ,,vefxistyaosani”. Tbilisi, 1966, gv. 5. 
3 S. xidaSeli. ramdenime ganmarteba Cems wignze _ «Вопросы 

грузинского Ренессанса». Тб., 1984 _ gamoTmuli SeniSvnebis ga-

mo. ,,macne”. filosofiis... seria. 1986, #1, gv. 102-109. 
4
А.Ф. Лосев. Эстетика Возрoждения. М., 1978, gv. 37. 
5 S. nucubiZe. Sromebi. 1976, t. IV, gv. 322-323.  
6
 А.Ф. Лосев. Эстетика Возрождения. М., 1978, gv. 86, 95, 106. 
7
  Философская энциклопедия.  М., 1967, т. IV,  statiis avtori a.
losevi. 
8
 А.Ф. Лосев. cit. naSr. gv. 103. a. losevi S. nucubiZis damsa-
xurebaze wers: ,,aRmosavluri renesansis neoplatonuri
safuZveli savsebiT ueWvelia da am ideis aRmoCenaSi Ziri-
Tadi roli namdvilad Seasrula S. i. nucubiZem” (iqve, gv.
28). yovelive Tqmuls unda davumatoT, rom Cveni fiqriT,
renesansis da humanizmis filosofiuri safuZvlebis Zieba
materializmSi, ewinaaRmdegeba istoriulobis princips da
ar aris faqtobrivad gamarTlebuli. renesansis epoqis
filosofia ar iyo materializmi. rac Seexeba gviandel
sistemebs (gasendis, dekartis, lokis, hobsis), sadac pir-
veli sawyisebi dayvanilia qvantitetur garkveulobebze,
xolo maTi moZraoba _ meqanikur moZraobaze, es sistemebi
ver gamodgeboda renesansuli msoflgagebis mravalfe-
rovnebis da sinamdvilis aRiarebuli esTetikuri Rirebu-
lebis dasabuTebisTvis. k. marqsi samarTlianad xedavda
hobsis materializmSi Tavisebur asketizms.  
9
  rusTavelis poemis strofebi, rogorc ukv aRvniSneT,
yvelgan damowmebulia ,efxistyosnis”1966 wlis gamocemis
mixedviT (ak. SaniZis da a. baramiZis redaqciiT). 
10 z. avaliSvili. vefxistyaosnis sakiTxebi. parizi, 1931,

gv. 8. avtori Cvens mier damowmebuli gamocemis ,,brWesa

RmrTulsa” kiTxulobs ,,brWesa srulsa”. aseT wakiTxvas

500
mxars uWers rigi xelnawerebisa. Sdr. vefxistyaosani. a.
SaniZis da a. baramiZis gamocema. 1966, gv. 315. 
11 g. imedaSvili. ,,vefxistyaosnis” paralelebi meaTe sau-

kunis qarTul himnografiaSi. ,,literaturuli Ziebani”.

Tbilisi, 1944, t. II. gv. 211. 
12 platoni. didi hipiasi. XIV, 298. 
13 ix. strofebi: 1499, 1496, 1317, 1433, 1078, 1012, 1441. aq stro-

febi miTiTebulia 1937 wels dadgenili teqstis mixedviT.

SoTa rusTaveli. ,,vefxistyaosani”. Tbilisi, 1941. 
14
 strofebi: 515, 614, 1112, 1126, 469. 
15
 strofebi: 345, 1068, 1069. 
16
 strofebi: 1270, 1244, 1049, 1174, 1150, 795 da sxv. 
17
 strofebi: 843, 1347, 1459, 1355, 1440, 970, 1429, 1582, 1255, 1291, 539. 
18 ,,sruleba nawil vidreme keTilisa ars, da sruli

viTar igi ars sruli, hbaZavs keTilobasa”. ioane petriwi.

Sromebi. 1940, t. I, gv. 22.  
19 iqve, gv. 37.  
20
  iqve, gv. 39. da Sromebi. 1937, t. II, gv. 123. 
21 iqve, II t. gv. 108. 
22
  Евг. Трубецкой. Религиозно-общественный идеал Западного
христианства в V веке. Ч. I, gv. 173‐174. 
23 iqve, gv. 174. 
24 
efesis msoflio saeklesio krebaze, 490 wels, pelagiusi
gakicxuli iyo im motiviT, rom is uaryofda RmerTis Ca-
revas adamianis moqmedebaSi.  
25 ,,vefxistyaosnis” a. SaniZisa da a. baramiZis gamocemaSi

(1966 w.) striqoni Sesworebulia ase: ,,b e d i c d a a,

gamarjveba, RmerTsa undes mo-cagxvdebis”. Sesworeba, Cve-
ni azriT, gaumarTlebelia; bedis dayvana cdaze (adamia-
nur mcdelobaze) niSnavs arsebiTad, bedis uaryofas, mis
gauqmebas. amgvari ,,voluntarizmi” Zneli warmosadgenia
Sua saukuneebis pirobebSi da gaugebars xdis teqstis
momdevno sityvebs: ,,RmerTsa undes mocagxvdebis”. 
26
История философии. Под ред. Г. Александрова и др., М., 1940, т. I,  
gv. 371. 
27
 gaz. Кавказ. 1870, #13. 

501
28
  Н. Марр. Иоанн Петрицский, грузинский неоплатоник XI-XII вв.
СПБ, 1909, IX; Вступительные и заключительные строфы ,,Витязя в
барсовой коже” Шота из Рустава. СПБ, 1910. 
29 iv. javaxiSvili. qarTveli eris istoria. 1948, t.  II,    gv.

300. 
30 k. kekeliZe. qarTuli literaturis istoria. 1924, t.II, gv.

106. 
31 iqve, gv. 99. 
32 
iqve, gv. 106. 
33
 s. gorgaZe. neoplatonuri filosofiis erTi upirvelesi
kvalTagani (fsevdo-dionises TxzulebaTa qarTuli Tar-
gmani). Jurnali ,,Cveni mecniereba”. 1923, #1. 
34 z. avaliSvili. vefxistyaosnis sakiTxebi. parizi, 1931,

gv. 62. 
35
 Философская энциклопедия. 1967, т. IV. statia ekuTvnis a. lo-
sevs. 
36 xazgasma Cvenia (S.x.) 
37 iqve. 
38 gansakuTrebiT naSromSi  _ Руставели  и  Восточный  Ренессанс. 

rusuli gamocemebi: Tb., 1947, 1967; qarTuli gamocema, S.

nucubiZe. Sromebi. 1976, t. IV. 
39
А. Ф. Лосев. Эстетика Возраждения. М., 1978. gv. 33. 
40 a. losevis naSromebi ekuTvnis 20-ian wlebs (mag.,

Античный символизм. М., 1927), S. nucubiZisa _ 30-ian wlebs. 

41
А. Ф. Лосев. Эстетика Возраждения. gv. 95. 
42
 iqve, gv. 106. 
43
 iqve, gv. 107. 
44 g. nadiraZe. rusTavelis esTetika. Tb., 1958, gv. 30. 
45 p. Saria. rusTavelis mxatvrul-ideuri samyaros
zogierTi mxare. ,,sabWoTa xelovneba”. 1966, #10, gv. 53. 
46 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. 1937, II, gv. 5-6. 
47 Teimuraz bagrationi. ganmarteba poema ,,vefxistyaosani-

sa”. Tbilisi, 1960, gv. 123-124. 

48 al. sarajiSvili. ,,vefxistyaosanis” yalbi adgilebi.

,,moambe”. 1897, IX, gv. 58. 

502
49 mix. wereTeli. ,,istroriani da azmani SaravandedTani”.
,,bedi qarTlisa”. 1951, #9; v. nozaZe vefxistyaosnis
RmrTismetyveleba. parizi, 1963, gv. 117. 
50 g. nadiraZe. rusTavelis esTetika. Tbilisi, 1958, gv. 390. 
51 iqve. 
52 k. kekeliZe. rusTvelologiuri Studiebi. saqarTvelos

mecnierebaTa akademiis sazogadoebriv mecnierebaTa ganyo-

filebis moambe. 1960, gv. 209. 
53 sayuradReboa, rom aseT Sesworebas ar uWers mxars

arc erTi xelnaweri. 

54
 k. kekeliZe. rusTvelologiuri Studiebi. gv. 209. 
55 g. imedaSvili. mziani Rame vefxistyaosanSi. ,,literatu-

ruli Ziebani”. 1953, VIII, gv. 141-152. 

56
 g. nadiraZe. rusTavelis esTetika. gv. 389-392. 
57 
iqve, gv. 389. 
58
 iqve, gv. 390. 
59 v. nozaZe. ,,vefxistyaosnis mzismetyveleba”. santiago de

Cile, 1957 da ,,vefxistyaosnis RmrTismetyveleba”. parizi,

1963. 
60
 v. nozaZe. ,,vefxistyaosnis RmrTismetyveleba”. gv. 114. 
61
 iqve, gv. 115. 
62
Н. Марр. Вступительные и заключительные строфы... gv. VI, XI. 
63
 Franz Cumon. La theologie solaira du paganisme romai. calke amona-
beWdi wignidan. 
64 Teimuraz bagrationi. ganmarteba..., gv. 124. 
65
 v. nozaZe. ,,vefxistyaosnis mzismetyveleba. gv. 189. 
66 v. nozaZe. ,,vefxistyaosnis” RmrTismetyveleba. gv. 127. 
67 
iqve, 126. 
68 ,,saRmrToTa saxelTaTÂs”. gv. 86. 
69 
iqve, gv. 79. 
70
 iqve, gv. 80. 
71
 iqve, gv. 81. 
72
 iqve, gv. 83. 
73
 iqve. 
74
 iqve. 
75 
iqve, gv. 84. 

503
76 
iqve, gv. 85. 
77
Л. Фейербах. Сущность христианства. Избранные философские
произведения. М.,1955, т. II, gv, 133. 
78 ,,timeosi”. 30. 
79 m. gogiberiZe. rusTaveli, petriwi, preludiebi. Tbili-

si, 1961, gv. 25. 

80
ilia abulaZe. Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni. Tbilisi,
1973, gv. 487. Tumca amave mniSvnelobiT Zvel qarTulSi ix-
mareba ,,Seqmnac”; ,,ufalman Seqmna sofeli da uSeni da ki-
deni sulisani”. 
81 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. II, gv. 212. 
82 
iqve, gv. 78. 
83
  s. yubaneiSvili. ,,vefxistyaosnis” beWdvis istoriidan
(XX sauk.). Tb., 1975, II, nakv. me-2, gv. 14-15. interess ar aris
moklebuli, rom ,,mziani Ramis” datovebis, Tu Secvlis
sakiTxs komisiam ori sxdoma moandoma. pirvel sxdomaze
5 Secvlis momxre iyo, 2 _ winaaRmdegi. meore sxdomaze
(Sedga xuTi Tvis Semdeg, pavle ingoroyvas monawileo-
biT), 4-ma xmam 3-is winaaRm,deg ,,mziani Rame” ucvlelad
datova. rogorc Cans, sakiTxi p. ingoroyvas sxdomaze mo-
nawileobam gadawyvita.  
84 iqve, gv. 15. unda iTqvas, rom iustine abulaZis sityvebi

winaswarmetyveluri aRmoCnda da ,,mzianma Ramem” swored

neoplatonizmis, saxeldobr areopagitikis safuZvelze
moipova gamarTleba (ix. Cveni _ ,,vefxistyaosnis” erTi ad-
gili areopagitikis TvalsazrisiT. ,,macne”. 1965, #6, gv.
80-104). rac Seexeba ,,zenaisas”, riTac k. kekeliZis azriT,
,,mzianisa” unda mecvliliyo, es azri TviT k. kekeliZem
uaryo da SemdgomSi axali winadadeba wamoayena ,,mzianisa
samisa”. 
85 ix. wina SeniSvna. 
86 el. xinTibiZe. msoflmxedvelobiTi problemebi vefxis-

tyaosanSi. Tb., 1975, gv. 133-154; Sdr. Cveni rusTavelis

msoflmxedvelobis sakiTxebi. Tbilisi, 1981. 
87 el. xinTibiZe. dasax. naSromi. gv. 142-149. 

504
88 metafizika. V, 16, 1012 a-1012 b. Аристотель. Метафизика. Пер.
А.В. Кубицкого. М., 1934, gv. 96. 
89
Аристотель. Категорий. Сочинения. М., т. 2, 1978, gv. 55-56. 
90 ioane damaskeli. dialeqtika. gamosca maia rafavam. 1976,

gv. 130. 
91 iqve, gv. 119. 
92 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. I, gv. 43. 
93 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. II, gv. 131. 
94 petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli). Sromebi.

1961, gv. 94. 

95 ione petriwi. Sromebi. t. I, gv. 23. 
96
 iqve, gv. 14. 
97
  petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli). Sromebi,
1961, gv. 94.M 
98 ioane petriwi, Sromebi. t. II, gv.14. 
99
 iqve, gv. 210. 
100 petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli). Sromebi.

1961, gv. 29-30. 

101
  m. gogiberiZe. rusTaveli, petriwi, preludiebi. Tbili-
si, 1961, gv. 58.  
102
 iqve, gv. 29. 
103
Николай Кузанский. Избранные философские произведения. М.,
1937, gv. 37. Соч., в 2-х томах,. M., 1979, t. I, gv. 72. 
104 sabas leqsikonSi ,,kavSiri” ganmartebulia, rogorc

,,oTxi igi asoni: miwa, wyali, haeri da cecxli arian, vi-

naiTgan amaT mier ars yovelTa SeTqmulTa Semtkiceba”.
rogorc cnobilia, Zvel berZnul filosofiaSi, mag., empe-
doklesTan, swored es oTxi bunebis movlena iTvleboda
,,stoixeiozisad” anu kavSirad. 
105
  sityva ,,siraÁ” sabas leqsikonSi ar aris. d. CubinaSvi-
lis mixedviT, sira arabuli sityvaa; miTiTebulia ,,vef-
xistyaosanze”, SavTelze da ,,kavSirze” (prokles Tu pet-
riwze _ ar Cans). sityva axsnilia, rogorc mwkrivi, sim-
wkrive, sworad gaweuli rigi; Semdeg: rogorc STamosir-
va, STamomavloba; ряд,  шеренгa,  род,  потомство.  wesi, rigi;
порядок.  rac Seexeba SoTas ,,sulTa siraTa”-s es adgili

505
ganmartebulia, rogorc sulTa damwkrivebulTa,  душ
расставленных по порядку (d. Cubinovi. qarTul-rusuli leq-
sikoni. sankt-peterburgi, 1887). 
106
Н. Марр. Вступительные и заключительные строфы ,,Витязя в
барсовой коже”..., 1910, gv. XI, XII da Semd.  
107 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. 1940, I t, gv. 18. 
108
 iqve, gv. 19. 
109
 iqve, gv. 20. 
110
 ione petriwi. Sromebi. t. I, gv. 36 
111
 iqve, gv. 94.  
112 iqve, gv. 94, 95. 
113
 iqve, gv. 112. 
114 
iqve, gv. 64, 79. 
115 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. 1940, I t. gv. 12. 
116 petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli). Sromebi.

1961, gv. 29. 

117 
iqve, gv. 36. 
118 ioane petriwi. Sromebi. 1937, t. II, gv. 12, 39. 
119
 iqve, gv. 21, 137, 163. 
120
J. Stiglmeyr. Der neuplatoniker Proclus als Vorlage des sogen. Dionysius
Areopagita in der Lehre vom Uebel. 1895. 
121 ,,saRmrToTa saxelTaTÂs”. gv. 48. 
122 iqve, gv. 44, 49. 
123
iqve, gv. 49. 
124 iqve. 
125 Sdr. iqve, gv. 56. 
126 К. Фишер. Декарт. История новой философии. СПБ, 1906, gv. 50. 

506
 A History of the Georgian Philosophical Thought
Volume I
Summary
Intellectual atmosphere of the 4-12th century Georgia is discussed in the
first volume of the four volume History of the Georgian Philosophical Thought.
In the Introduction to the volume the situation and conditions of forming
Georgian philosophy and philosophical thought are analyzed. Instances of
philosophical thinking given in myths, monuments of religion and works of
literature are demonstrated.
Contributions of Niko Marr, Ivane Javakhishvili and Sergi Gorgadze to
the scientific study of the history of the Georgian philosophical thought at the
initial stage of its development are stressed.
Special attention is paid to the merit of Shalva Nutsubidze (1888-1969)
in establishing history of Georgian philosophy as an independent branch of
science. Sh. Nutsubidze’s views on Georgian philosophy, Georgian
Renaissance, etc. are rendered.
Sh. Nutsubidze’s and Belgian scientist Ernst Honigmann’s (1892-1954)
theory is analyzed in detail. According to this theory the real author of the
Areopagitical works which were created at the joint of the 5-6th centuries is a
famous Georgian ecclesiastic figure working in Palestine, episcope of Mayum
Petre the Iberian (411-491). Positions both of the followers and opponents of
this theory are thoroughly analyzed.
Georgian philosophical thought in the antiquity and during the
transitional period – from the antiquity to the scholastics and philosophical
thinking in the feudal epoch are discussed.
The chapter dedicated to the Capadocian Renaissance in Georgia and
philosophical ideas of the Athonian school of scholars is an original part of the
volume. Works of the famous theologians – Basil the Great (of Caesarea),
Grigol the Theologian (of Nazianzus) and Grigol of Nyssa who are known
under the name of Capadocian Fathers are discussed and analyzed as well as
translation activities of Ephtvime and Giorgi Mtatsmideli whose works fostered
the development of Georgian philosophical thought and enhanced establishing
of philosophical terminology in our theological and philosophical literature.
Special attention is paid to cultural renaissance in the 11-12th century
Georgia when philosophy reached high marks in its development. From this
aspect translation activities are worth of noting. It was just due to these activities
that antique philosophy, in particular, Neo-Platonism and Christian Neo-
Platonism reached Georgia. This process was conditioned by the Georgian
translation of the Areopagitical treatises made by Ephrem Mtsire and the

507
Georgian translation of Proclus’s main work “The Elements of Theology” made
by Ioanne Petritsi. It is important to note that Ioanne Petritsi supplied the
translation of the Proclus’s work by extensive comments. These comments
present Ioanne Petritsi’s original work.
Separate chapters are dedicated to works of Ioanne Petritsi and Arsen
Ikaltoeli. These two scholars worked at the same time and their contribution to
renaissance of the then Georgian philosophy and, in general, Georgian culture
was great.
Ioanne Petritsi is an exclusive figure in the 11-12th century Georgian
philosophy. He was equally well acquainted with philosophy and theology. He
was a versatile scholar. In the chapter the sources of Petritsi’s philosophy are
shown, his views on the nature of cognition and its destination, on the
destination of man are discussed and the importance of his philosophy for
Georgian culture is evaluated. In the chapter dealing with contributions of Arsen
Ikaltoeli a collection of works translated into Georgian by him and united under
the title “Dogmaticoni” is discussed.
Philosophical analysis of the highest monuments of the Georgian
Renaissance – “Vepkhistkaosani” (The Knight in the Panther’s Skin”) by Shota
Rustaveli occupies an important place in the volume. Humanism of Rustaveli’s
world outlook and the main motives of “Vepkhistkaosani” as a Renaissance
work of literature are highlighted in the volume.
Certain expressions and concepts used in the poem such as: God as one-
essence one, “the sunny night”, “timeless time” and Neo-Platonic sources of
these concepts are specially analyzed. The conclusions are made on the basis of
critical analysis of various opinions.
The first volume of the four volume edition contains as an appendix two
articles of the famous Georgian scientist Ivane Javakhishvili (1876-1940). The
articles discuss problems of moral in the mediaeval Georgia. In order to
demonstrate these problems, charity and charitable institutions in the medieval
Georgia and understanding of man’s place in the ancient Georgian literature are
given detailed analysis in these articles.
Man and his social as well as ethical ideals hold the central place in these
articles.
Philosophical as well as theological issues and problems in Georgia of
the period under discussion are widely presented in the first volume of the four
volume edition.

508
 pirTa saZiebeli

a
abazga gramatikosi _ 210
abibos nekreseli _ 64-67, 91, 141
abo tfileli _ 428, 430-432
abraami _ 75, 76
abulaZe i. _ 370, 371
agaTi marineli _ 67
agamemnoni _ 147
adarnase kurapalati _ 436
avaliSvili z. _ 9, 318, 319, 335
avgustine _ 43, 93, 185, 209, 216, 269, 298
averoesi (ibn-ruSdi) _ 147, 148, 213
avicena (ibn-sina) _ 147, 148
aTenaida _ 45
aieti _ 27, 67, 68, 70, 71
aklepiosi _ 285
aleqsandre afrodisieli _ 215, 250, 285
aleqsandre I (saqarTvelos mefe) _ 451
aleqsandre makedoneli _ 147, 460
aleqsi (keisari) _ 293
aleqsi komneni _ 43, 210
alkibiade _ 37
al-farabi _ 209
al-qindi _ 209
amiranaSvili S. _ 106, 107
amonios ermisi _ 103, 118, 158, 159, 259, 278, 285
anania Sirakaci _ 91
anastasi sineli _ 158, 158, 293, 294
anaqsagora _ 99, 255
anaqsimandre _ 224
anselm kenterberieli _ 234, 289
antioqe askaloneli _ 216
antisTene _ 29
anton didi (IV s-is saeklesio moRvawe) _ 79
anton pirveli _ 210

509
apolifani _ 114
ariozi _ 73, 74, 77, 78
aristide _ 61, 62
aristobule _ 147
aristotele _ 8, 20, 23, 24, 29-31, 36, 50, 63-65, 92, 99, 103, 112,
129, 130, 148, 157, 158, 162, 165, 168, 180-182, 186, 187, 211, 214, 215,
219, 222, 224, 225, 229, 230, 232, 235, 239, 247, 250, 254, 256, 257,
259, 261-263, 265, 266, 269, 272, 275, 279, 282, 284, 294, 296, 298,
367, 371, 372, 373
arkadi keisari _ 45
arsen iyalToeli _ 116, 126, 129, 140, 154, 158, 175, 176, 179,
212, 219, 220, 290-297, 299-301, 312
arseni (kaTalikosi) _ 84
arsen vaCesZe _ 291
arCili _ 45
asklepiosi _ 37
afaqiZe a. _ 3
aRsarTani (kaxTa mefe) _ 436
aSot kurapalati _ 87, 88, 454

b
bagrati _ 423
bagrat II _ 436
bagrat III _ 149
bagrat IV _ 149, 176, 411, 455
bagrat kurapalati _ 404, 422
bagrationi a. _ 5, 175, 290
bagrationi v. _ 146
bagrationi i. _ 5, 175, 290
bagrationi T. _ 348, 349, 357, 359, 360
baironi j. _ 334
bakurduxti _ 45
bakuri _ 31-36, 45, 47, 116
baraTaSvili mamuka _ 327
bardenheveri o. _ 55, 56
barTlomeosi _ 378
bar-sud-aile _ 63

510
basili (episkoposi) _ 44
basili didi (basili kesarieli) _ 28, 32, 43, 44, 69, 91, 109,
111, 114, 116-120, 122, 129, 134, 137-139, 142, 209, 214, 218, 259, 266,
371
basili zarzmeli _ 83
batcingeri _ 421
baqraZe d. _ 415
bezaraSvili q. _ 133
bekoni fr. _ 275
beritaSvili iv. _ 148
berner klervoeli _ 289
berZeniSvili n. _ 145
biurati _ 297
boeme iakob _ 247
boecusi _ 209
bonaventura _ 190
boura moris _ 313
breÁe lui _ 107
burkhardti i. _ 11, 143

g
galeni _ 64
giorgi I _ 425
giorgi II _ 155
giorgi III _ 149
giorgi aToneli _ ix. giorgi mTawmideli
giorgi dayudebuli _ 465
giorgi kapadokieli _ 100
giorgi laSas Ze _ 149
giorgi merCule _ 20, 84-86, 88-90, 92, 97, 116, 117, 184, 361, 433,
445, 446, 453-455, 461
giorgi mTawmideli _ 41, 72, 93, 116, 117, 124, 126, 135-140, 299,
434, 445, 447, 448, 453, 455, 456, 458, 461, 462
giorgi mcire _ 139, 140
giorgi CorCaneli _ 83
giorgi xuces-monazoni _ 426, 432, 434, 437, 442, 445, 447, 449,
455, 456, 461

511
gogiberiZe m. _ 111, 112, 212, 231, 368, 377
gorgaZe s. _ 6-8, 175, 176, 212
grigol VII _ 85
grigol bakurianis-Ze _ 155, 210
grigol didi (romis papi) _ 73
grigol nazianzeli (grigol RvTismetyveli) _ 28, 30, 32,
35, 36, 50, 109, 111, 114, 116-119, 120, 129-134, 137, 139, 209
grigol noseli _ 91, 109, 111, 114, 115, 118-122, 129, 134, 137,
139, 142, 209
grigol oSkeli _ 119
grigol romaeli _ 134
grigol xanZTeli _ 88-90, 92, 401-408, 414, 415, 419, 445, 453
guarami (mefe) _ 84, 85
gubazi (mefe) _ 68
d

daviT aRmaSenebeli _ 145, 154, 210, 211, 219, 220, 292, 293, 411,
415, 420, 424, 430, 436, 443, 450, 451, 457-460
daviT garejeli _ 64, 65
daviT laSa-giorgis Ze _ 452
daviT rusudanis Ze _ 452
daviT tbeli _ 119, 121
danelia s. _ 7
dante _ 334
dafanCuli _ 407, 408
dekarte _ 161
demokrite _ 157
deopaniosi _ 28
dimitri I (mefe) _ 450, 451
dimitri II (Tavdadebuli) _ 428, 429, 450, 461, 462
dionise aleqsandrieli _ 54, 92
dionise areopageli _ 53, 55, 113, 217, 221, 309, 354, 356, 378
dodaSvili s. _ 5, 212, 290
doelgeri fr. _ 56, 94
dodsi e.r. _ 277
e
evdokia _ 45

512
evgeniosi _ 27, 29, 32
evgenius IV (papi) _ 178
evstrati _ 103, 104,
evstrati nikieli _ 297-299
evtixi konstantinopoleli _ 74, 129
eikaloviCi g. (iRumeni) _ 353
ekharti iohan (maister ekharti) _ 190
elima (mogvi) _ 114
empedokle _ 65, 218, 232, 233
engelsi _ 18
enea gazeli _ 50
epikure _ 222
esaia egvipteli _ 50, 54
efTvime _ ix. efTvime mTawmideli
efTvime (grZeli) _ 140, 435, 452
efTvime iberi _ 85, 94
efTvime mTawmideli (eqvTvime aToneli) _ 85, 93, 102, 116-119,
121-127, 128-132, 134-136, 218, 260, 266, 405, 425-427, 445, 461, 462
efrem asuri _ 416
efrem mcire 8, 52, 72, 116, 117, 119, 121, 124, 126, 129, 132, 158,
175, 178, 179, 180, 184, 187, 188, 191, 192, 194, 195, 208, 212, 266,
290, 296, 342, 414, 461, 462
v
varaz baqari _ 45
vardani _ 417, 418, 421
varsqeni (varsqen pitiaxSi) _ 41, 454
vaCe kariWisZe _ 176, 177
vaxtang gorgasali _ 14, 15, 39, 59, 73, 327, 429, 430
vaxtang VI _ 327, 428, 440
veselovski al. _ 102
vespariane _ 147
vindelbandi v. _ 38, 169
volfi kr. _ 99

z
zaozerski _ 425
zaqaria ritori _ 49, 50

513
zotenbergi h. _ 93

T
Talesi _ 224
Tamar mefe _ 149, 150, 157, 294, 416, 420, 422, 423, 443, 459, 461
Tevdore abukura _ 296, 297
TevzaZe g. _ 3
Temistiosi _ 25-32, 36
Teodore (episkoposi, V s.) _ 72
Teodore stratiliti _ 100
Teodosi _ 46
Teodosi II _ 28, 45, 74
Toma akvineli _ 179, 204, 206, 213, 220, 250
Tornike erisTavi _ 448, 450, 462, 463

i
iakob baradei _ 129
iakob curtaveli _ 40
iambliqosi _ 214, 224, 270, 276, 277, 454
ieroTeosi 55, 56
ieso qriste _ 61, 73-75, 84, 394, 397, 399, 410, 411, 412, 414, 417
ivliane gandgomili _ 129
imedaSvili g. _ 350
ioane aToneli _ 135, 136
ioane bagrationi _ 5
ioane damaskeli _ 52, 91-94, 111, 112, 118, 127, 128, 135, 140, 158,
159, 178-180, 183-188, 213, 278, 294-296, 309, 331, 371, 372
ioane italosi _ 109, 110, 121, 156, 210, 219, 260, 295, 298
ioane lazi _ 45, 46, 51, 54-57, 64
ioane mavropodi _ 110
ioane mTawmideli _ 126, 435, 446, 462, 464
ioane mmarxveli _ 425-428
ioane oqropiri _ 32, 33, 129, 134, 410, 421
ioane petriwi _ 5-8, 10, 93, 110, 112, 114, 115, 118, 119, 122, 126,
154-156, 158, 159, 167, 175, 176, 178, 179, 209-215, 217-221, 223-229,
233, 234, 236-239, 241, 243, 245, 247-253, 256-263, 265-267, 270-272,
274, 276, 278-286, 288-291, 303, 305, 307-310, 329, 330, 343-388, 390

514
ioane rufusi _ 46, 49
ioane sabanisZe _ 20, 83, 430, 431, 457
ioane sineli _ 135
ioane skot eriugena _ 189, 190
ioane tariWisZe _ 158, 290
ioane filoponusi _ 113, 229
ioane qsifilini _ 110
ioanu p. _ 111, 274
iosebi _ 147
ioseliani platon _ 314, 334
isidore sevelieli _ 93
iuvenali (ierusalimis patriarqi) _ 48
iuliane gandgomili _ 28, 30, 32, 33, 36, 119
iustiniane 27, 53, 67, 189

k
kanti _ 212, 288
karbelaSvili v. _ 436, 465
karlos didi _ 422, 423
kaxaber raWis erisTavi _ 459
kekeliZe k. _ 8, 20, 40, 64, 83, 100, 102, 127, 138, 175-177, 212,
291, 292, 295, 299, 327, 334, 349, 350,
353, 369, 370
kvipriane episkoposi _ 398
kirion kaTalikosi _ 73
kliment aleqsandrieli _ 24, 92, 216
konstantine III _ 78, 79
konstantine lixudi _ 110
konstantine monomaxi _ 110
konstantiusi _ 30
koxi h. _ 120, 208
kraCovski i. _ 94
kriugeri g. _ 54
krumbaxeri k. _ 94
kukava T. _ 212

515
 l
laibnici _ 99
laqtanciusi _ 93
levkipe _ 157
leon didi (romis papi) _ 74
leonti mroveli _ 39, 45
libaniosi _ 25, 30, 32-38, 139
lolaSvili iv. _ 157, 175, 212, 291, 299
losevi a. _ 21, 160-162, 204, 212, 315, 316, 337, 380, 381
lui pti _ 155
luli r. _ 240
luka maxarobeli _ 397
m
makari megvipteli _ 135
makine (grigol noselis da) _ 122
manuel I komnenosi _ 221
marzapani _ 60, 66
mari n. _ 5, 6, 20, 86, 94, 143, 151, 175, 210, 212, 215, 334, 358,
378-381, 384, 401
markiane (mefe) _ 74
marqsi k. _ 161
maqsime aRmsarebeli _ 113, 114, 119, 134, 204, 206, 208
maqsime greki _ 91
maxaraZe m. _ 3
miTridate lazi _ 45
miltoni _ 334
miminoSvili r. _ 175
miriani _ 84
mitCeli i. _ 189
miqaeli (episkoposi) _ 39, 44, 59
miqael kerulariosi _ 110, 111
miqael fselosi _ 109-112, 140, 209, 210, 219, 240, 259, 270
miSle _ 11
mobidani (episkoposi) _ 44
mogvi elima _ 114
mose winaswarmetyveli _ 284
murvani (petre iberis eriskacobis saxeli) _ 45-47

516
 n
nabarnugiosi (petre iberis saxeli konstantinopolSi) _ 46
nadiraZe g. _ 349-352
naTaZe n. _ 359
nana diakvani _ 297
nemesios emeseli _ 6, 115, 158, 159, 211
nerse erisTavi _ 89
nestori (erotikuli mimdinareobis mamamTavari) _ 72-74
nikoloz kaTalikosi _ 386, 388, 398, 399, 432, 436, 451, 453,
455, 457
nikoloz kuzaneli _ 53, 167, 173, 190, 203, 213, 216, 230, 247,
263, 288, 335, 337, 377, 378
nikoloz meToneli _ 50, 113, 221, 276
noldeke _ 416, 417
nozaZe v. _ 349, 353, 354, 360, 361
nucubiZe S. _ 7, 10-13, 21, 35, 36, 44, 51, 52, 54-56, 77, 112, 143,
154, 161, 162, 175, 188, 191, 212, 291, 295, 299-301, 315, 316, 335-338

o
olimpiadore _ 141
orbeliani sulxan-saba _ 141, 360, 374, 431, 436, 437
origeni _ 24, 92, 120

p
pavle mociquli _ 9, 17, 90, 53, 90, 112-114, 214, 217, 300, 396,
398, 404, 405, 409, 419
pavlovi a. _ 426
parmenide _ 137, 157, 235, 245, 248, 269, 282
pelagiusi _ 331
petrarka _ 334
petre iberi _ 11, 12, 28, 44-52, 54-57, 62-65, 91, 116, 189, 191, 335, 342
petre lombardieli _ 179
petros mkawrvali _ 129
piTagora _ 17, 119, 131, 253
pindare _ 266, 267

517
platoni _ 17, 24, 29-31, 36-38, 47, 50, 65, 89, 92, 99, 103, 104,
110, 112, 119, 122, 129, 157, 162-165, 182, 195, 214-216, 220, 222, 224,
231, 232, 235, 244, 245, 248, 250-254, 259, 260, 262, 265, 267-269,
275, 280, 282, 283, 285, 367
pleToni _ 337
plotine _ 29, 35, 38, 50, 162-164, 167-169, 171, 173, 206, 214, 222,
224, 247, 259, 274, 276, 375
podskalski g. _ 113
porfiriosi _ 29, 64, 110, 180, 186, 187, 214, 224, 244, 259, 268-
270, 274
poseidoni _ 103
prokle _ 53, 64, 112-114, 120, 122, 157-159, 162, 168, 170-174, 178,
189, 191, 207, 209, 213-216, 218-225, 229, 231, 234, 244, 248, 250, 256,
259, 261, 263, 265, 266, 268, 269, 270, 275-278, 280-282, 307, 308,
329, 342, 361
prokofi gazeli _ 50
pulqeria _ 45

J
JamTaaRmwereli _ 428, 429, 452, 455, 457
Jordania T. _ 368, 430

r
raimund luli _ 240
raseli b. _ 66, 67, 190
ratcingeri b. _
rafava m. _ 175
rozeni v. _ 93
rusTaveli _ 6-10, 12, 13, 21, 111, 114, 119, 121, 141, 144, 157, 159,
161, 168, 197, 222, 260, 280, 313, 314, 318, 320, 321, 323-325, 327, 330-
336, 338-352, 358, 366, 368, 369, 374, 377, 379, 381-390, 392

s
sabinini m. _ 430, 452
sagduxt dedofali _ 39
sarajiSvili al. _ 349
severos aleqsandriel _ 54, 129

518
severos antioqieli _ 54
sergi reSaineli _ 64
serapion zarzmeli _ 443, 459
simeon bRinZahaneli _ 295
sokrate _ 30, 122, 157, 269
sosTeni _ 452
spinoza _ 203, 340
stefanozi _ 58, 59
stratofile _ 63, 64
sumbat daviTis Ze _ 373, 436
sumbat kurapalati _ 436

t
timoTe gazeli _ 50
timoTe eluri _ 50, 129
tertuliane _ 17, 109

u
uznaZe d. 7, 212,

f
fancxava i. _ 212, 337
farsmani _ 45
fartazi _ 27, 67, 70-72
febronia _ 454
fidiusi _ 37
filon aleqsandrieli _ 120, 157, 163
fiCino marsilio _ 337
flabiane konstantinopoleli _ 74, 113, 119, 297
fsevdo-dionise areopageli _ 7, 9, 11, 12, 42, 52-55, 113, 120,
157-159, 178, 189, 190, 192, 193, 195-199, 201-217, 309, 335, 342, 353,
374, 376, 384, 386, 388, 390
foierbaxi l. _ 17, 268
foihti _ 11

519
 q
qristefore metoneli _ 211
qsenofonti _ 14

y
yauxCiSvili s. _ 10, 27, 35, 212
yifSiZe i. _ 7

S
SavTeli _ 150, 156, 210
SaniZe a. _ 371
Svartci ed. _ 49
Sio mRvimeli _ 65
Stiglmairi i. _ 54

C
CaxruxaZe _ 150, 151, 156, 157, 212
Cikvatia n. _ 127
CubinaSvili g. _ 78, 105, 106

c
celeri e. _ 36, 163

Z
Zagan abuleTis Ze _ 444
Zenoni (keisari) _ 48
Zenoni (filosofosi, stoikosi) 29, 157

w
wereTeli a. _ 313
wereTeli mix. _ 349, 350

W
WavWavaZe i. _ 313
WiWinaZe z. _ 416, 420, 422, 423
Wyonia T. _ 127

520
 x
xaxanaSvili al. _ 425
xaraZe e. _ 3
xidaSeli S. _ 3, 107, 143, 163, 212, 337

j
javaxiSvili iv. _ 4, 6, 17, 20, 26, 41, 44, 64, 72, 73, 76, 86, 143,
175, 176, 334, 394
jordano bruno _ 167, 173, 377
juanSeri (mematiane) _ 39, 44, 59, 429, 430
juanSeri (spaspeti) _ 429

h
harnaki a. _ 189
hegeli _ 18, 19, 21, 170, 243, 247
heningi _ 11
henrix IV _ 85
herakle _ 78
heraklite _ 235, 269
hipokrate _ 148
hiumi d. _ 232
hobsi T. _ 161
homerosi _ 103, 104, 139, 147, 157, 283
honigmani e. _ 12, 49-52, 54-57, 64, 191
honorius III _ 190
hornusi J.m. _ 57

Бакрадзе Д. – 415
Лосев А.Ф. – 338
Марр Н. – 358, 360, 418, 421
Павлов А. – 365б 426

Batzinger – 361
Harnack A. – 399
Müller K. – 362

521
 sarCevi

qarTuli filosofiuri azris istoriis oTxtomeulis

meore gamocemis Taobaze (m. maxaraZe).................................................3

Sesavali (S. xidaSeli)........................................................................................5

pirveli Tavi
qarTuli filosofiuri azris istoriis antikuri
periodi (S. xidaSeli) ............................................................................23

meore Tavi
gardamavali xana _ antikurobidan sqolastikisaken
(S. xidaSeli) ....................................................................................................39

mesame Tavi
filosofiuri azrovneba adrefeodalur xanaSi
(S. xidaSeli) ....................................................................................................58

meoTxe Tavi
kapadokielTa renesansi X-XI ss-s saqarTveloSi
(g. TevzaZe)............................................................................................................109

mexuTe Tavi
aTonis mwignobruli skola (m. rafava).............................................123

meeqvse Tavi
kulturuli aRmavloba XI-XII ss-is saqarTveloSi da misi
msoflmxedvelobrivi safuZvlebi (S. xidaSeli) .......143

meSvide Tavi
efrem mcire (S. xidaSeli) ...............................................................................175
$1. ioane damaskelis filosofiuri Sexedulebani
da maTi efrem mciriseuli interpretacia...............178
$2. areopagituli moZRvrebis ZiriTadi ideebi............189

merve Tavi
ioane petriwis filosofia (g. TevzaZe) ............................................209
$1. ioane petriwis filosofis wyaroebi .......................213

522
 $2. ioane petriwi arsebulis, rogorc kosmosis
Sesaxeb.......................................................................................................221
$3. Semecnebis bunebisa da daniSnulebis
Sesaxeb.......................................................................................................269

mecxre Tavi
arsen iyalToeli (S. xidaSeli) ................................................................290

meaTe Tavi
SoTa rusTaveli (S. xidaSeli)...................................................................313
$1. rusTaveli, rogorc humanisti .........................................314
$2. rusTavelis filosofiuri Sexedulebani...........333
$3. RmerTi, rogorc Seucnobadi da gamouTqmeli.
,,mziani Rame”.......................................................................................343
$4. RmerTi _ ,,uJamo Jami” ...............................................................359
$5. RmerTi, rogorc SemoqmedebiTi da erTarseba
erTi .............................................................................................................366
$6. RmerTi, rogorc savseba yovelTa................................374
$7. ,,siraÁ”........................................................................................................379
$8. RmerTi, rogorc sikeTis wyaro. sikeTis
monizmi......................................................................................................384

danarTi 1.
ivane javaxiSvili _ zneobrivi moZRvrebis istoria
saqarTveloSi. qvelmoqmedeba da saqvelmoqmedo
dawesebulebani ..............................................................................................394

danarTi 2.
ivane javaxiSvili _ adamiani Zvel qarTul mwerlobasa
da cxovrebaSi...............................................................................................................425
$1. moZRvreba adamianze .....................................................................425
$2. adamianis socialuri idealebi ......................................439
$3. adamiani viTarca moRvawe ......................................................451

SeniSvnebi:..........................................................................................................................467
reziume inglisur enaze ....................................................................................507
saZiebeli ............................................................................................................................509 

523
 gamocemaze muSaobdnen:
iza xarebava
qeTevan qarCava
irine faRava
omar qamadaZe

xelmowerilia dasabeWdad
qaRaldis zoma 60X84 1/16
fizikuri Tabaxi 17.8
tiraJi 500

gamomcemloba `universali~
Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 2 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30
E-mail: universal@internet.ge

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