The Reporting Quality of Split-Mouth Studies in Implant

Dentistry: A Survey
Harriet Philine Pfannenstiel, DDS1/Nikolaos Pandis, DDS, MSc, Dr Med Dent, MS, LSHTMD, MS, PhD2/
Jadbinder Seehra, BDS(Hons), MFDS, MSc, MOrth, FDSOrth 3/Clovis Mariano Faggion Jr, DDS, Dr Med Dent, Prof1

Purpose: The results of trials can inform health care decisions. However, this is dependent on both clear and transparent
reporting. The aim of this study was to assess the reporting quality of split-mouth trials in implant dentistry in relation to
the CONSORT extension checklist for reporting within-person randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Materials and Methods:
Split-mouth trials published between January 1, 1997, and September 30, 2020, were identified from four databases. Study
characteristics at the level of each trial were extracted. Each trial was assessed against a 37-item checklist and assigned one
of four categories. Descriptive statistics and the frequencies of the ratings per checklist item were calculated. A percentage
score was calculated per study. Linear regression assessed associations between the aggregate score and the study
characteristics. Results: Two hundred forty-four trials were analyzed. More than 50% of the RCTs were published between
2016 and 2020, were published in specialty journals (81.2%), and were interventional-type RCTs (98.4%). Generally, the
reporting of checklist items was suboptimal in many areas. The reporting score was predicated by the number of authors
(> 7 vs baseline [1 to 4] authors: β: 6.00; 1.48, 10.52; P = .01), authors’ continent (Europe vs Americas: β: 5.30; 0.85, 9.74; P =
.02), and the number of participants (per-unit increase: β: .07; 0.01, 0.12; P = .02). Conclusion: The reporting of split-mouth
trials in implant dentistry seems to be suboptimal. The endorsement and adherence to the CONSORT extension for the
within-person trials checklist by journal editors and investigators could improve reporting quality and transparency. Int J
Oral Maxillofac Implants 2022;37:447–454. doi: 10.11607/jomi.9745

Keywords: data reporting, dental implants, methods, randomized controlled trial, research design

R andomized controlled trials (RCTs) represent the

gold standard for assessing both the effectiveness
and efficacy of treatment interventions. However, the
reliability of the results of these trials is dependent on
accurate and consistent reporting. Inadequate conduct
and reporting can result in both bias and misinterpre-
tation of the reported findings.1 Inconsistent reporting
of trials can also influence the treatment intervention
estimates calculated in meta-analyses.2 To circumvent
these issues, the CONSORT recommendations intro-
duced in 19963 and subsequently revised in 20014
and 20105 aimed to promote greater transparency in
the reporting of RCTs.6 Several extensions have been
1Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of
Dentistry, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
2Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dental
School/Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
3Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &
Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, Department
of Orthodontics, Guy’s Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas NHS
Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Correspondence to: Clovis Mariano Faggion Jr, Faculty of Dentistry,
University Hospital Münster, Waldeyerstraße 30, 48149 Münster,
Germany. Fax +49 (0)251 / 83-47134. Email: clovisfaggion@yahoo.com
Submitted October 21, 2021; accepted February 7, 2022.
 2022 by Quintessence Publishing Co Inc.
© completeness of reporting were examined.
developed since then, including the within-person
designs.7
In a split-mouth study design, quadrants within the
oral cavity or each arch are randomized to receive either
the treatment intervention or comparator intervention/
control within the same individual.8,9 The main advan-
tage of this design is the reduced sample size due to
the reduced within-person variability.9,10 However, the
main disadvantage is the potential carry-across effects,
where the treatment intervention can affect the com-
parator/control and vice versa, hence potentially bias-
ing the outcome.10
Previously, Lesaffre et al reported that only 5 out of
34 articles described the justification for using a within-
person design. Furthermore, within this sample, only one
study reported the correct sample size calculation.11
Although improvements in the reporting quality of
split-mouth studies in dentistry have been observed
over the years, there is still room for improvement.12 To
the authors’ knowledge, an assessment of the quality
of reporting of split-mouth RCTs in the field of implant
dentistry has not been previously undertaken. There-
fore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the reporting
quality of split-mouth trials in implant dentistry, using
the CONSORT extension for within-person trials. In ad-
dition, associations between study characteristics and

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Pfannenstiel et al
Records identified Records identified
Identification
through database through database
searching in PubMed searching in Scopus
(n = 392) (n = 357)
Records after duplicates removed (n = 531)
Screening
Eligibility
Included
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study Design
This is a meta-epidemiologic study that follows some of
the steps used in a standard systematic review. When-
ever possible, this study followed the PRISMA checklist.
Eligibility Criteria
Dental implant RCTs with a split-mouth design were in-
cluded in this study. Trials with an unclear study design,
trials employing a combination of designs (for example,
split-mouth and crossover), or trials published as part
of other published studies were excluded. Trials involv-
ing animal or cadaver studies were also ineligible for
inclusion.
Search Strategy
A search of four electronic databases (Medline via
PubMed, Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar)
was undertaken in October 2020. The search was lim-
ited to articles published between January 1, 1997, and
September 30, 2020. The details of the search strategy
are included in the Appendix (see Appendix in online
version of this article at quintpub.com).
Study Selection
Two assessors (H.P.P. and C.M.F.) independently screened
titles and abstracts for inclusion. Full texts of the selected
titles/abstracts were further scrutinized for inclusion.
Studies not meeting the inclusion criteria and with rea-
sons for exclusion were recorded (Appendix). Interas-
sessor reliability (H.P.P. and C.M.F.) was assessed from
a sample (10%) of eligible studies with a good level of
agreement evident (at least 80%). The remaining articles
were selected by one assessor (H.P.P.). Any disagreements
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Fig 1  Flow diagram
Records identified Records identified for identification of
Records identified
through database through database within-person RCTs in
through analyzing
searching in searching in Google implant dentistry.
RCTs (n = 7)
clinicaltrials.gov (n = 22) Scholar (n = 200)
Records screened Records excluded
(n = 531) (n = 213)
Full-text articles Full-text articles
assessed for eligibility excluded with
(n = 318) reasons (n = 74)
Split-mouth RCTs
included in analysis
(n = 244)
between the assessors were resolved by discussion until
a consensus was achieved.
Data Extraction and Rationale
Data extraction was conducted independently by two
assessors (H.P.P. and C.M.F.). Interassessor reliability
(H.P.P. and C.M.F.) was assessed from a sample (10%) of
eligible studies with a good level of agreement evident
(at least 80%). The remainder of the data were extract-
ed by one assessor (H.P.P.). Any disagreements be-
tween the assessors were resolved by discussion until
a consensus was achieved. At the level of each trial, the
following characteristics were collected: year of pub-
lication, number of authors, continent of first author,
implant dentistry topic (technical aspect), journal type
(general dentistry, specialty, and other), type of trial (in-
terventional and noninterventional), type of interven-
tion, number of studies included, number of authors,
number of participants, journal impact factor, and num-
ber of article citations. Information on whether authors
clearly defined the primary outcome of the study and
whether they included a flow diagram (items from the
CONSORT 2010 checklist) was also extracted.
The CONSORT Within-Person Trials Checklist
The quality of reporting of each split-mouth trial was as-
sessed in relation to the CONSORT 2010 statement: ex-
tension checklist for reporting within-person randomized
trials.7 This checklist consists of 16 items, which have been
developed from the CONSORT 2010 recommendations.
Items that were not covered by the within-person exten-
sion were analyzed according to the CONSORT checklist
for parallel studies.13 These items are compatible with
both the parallel and the split-mouth study design. This
includes items regarding the introduction (items 2a and
 Pfannenstiel et al

2b), methods (items 3b, 4b, 6b, and 7b), randomization Table 1  Characteristics of 244 Studies
(items 8a, 9, 11a, 11b, and 12b), results (items 14a, 14b,
17b, and 18), and all items related to the discussion and n %
other items that are not extended for the within-person Year of publication
1997–2000 4 1.6
design (items 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25; Table 2). In total, 2001–2005 7 2.9
each trial was assessed against 37 items. The reporting of 2006–2010 23 9.4
each item was assigned to one of four categories (0 = not 2011–2015 81 33.2
2016–2020 129 52.9
reported, 1 = unclear, 2 = partially reported, and 3 = yes
Continent of first author
reported). To ensure consistency in the interpretation of Africa 11 4.5
each checklist item by the assessors, a predefined ratio- Asia 28 11.5
nale for each item was adhered to (Appendix). Australia 1 0.4
Europe 162 66.4
This rationale was discussed thoroughly and exten- Europe/Asia (Istanbul) 2 0.8
sively among three assessors (H.P.P., N.P., and C.M.F.) to North America 16 6.6
eliminate discrepancies in the interpretation. One of South America 24 9.8
the assessors (N.P.) was also the author of the within- Technical aspect
Biomodulators 13 5.3
person extension, which provided additional assurance Bone grafting 30 12.3
that the CONSORT checklist was interpreted correctly. Implant placement depth 5 2.1
Implant surgical technique 22 9.0
Implant system 48 19.7
Statistical Assessment Platform switching 9 3.7
Descriptive statistics for the included study characteristics Prosthetic loading 24 9.8
and the frequencies of the ratings per CONSORT within- Sinus augmentation 56 23.0
Surface treatment 21 8.6
person item were tabulated. A percentage score was cal- Other 16 6.5
culated per study as follows: The sum of the responses (0, Journal type
1, 2, and 3) and the percentage were calculated per study. General dentistry 23 9.4
The number of items was 37, and the maximum score per Specialty 198 81.2
Others 22 9.0
item was 3; therefore, the maximum score per study was
Type of trial
111 (3 × 37) when all items were applicable. When one or Interventional 240 98.4
more items were not applicable, the maximum score was Noninterventional 4 1.6
adjusted accordingly downward (ie, maximum score of Type of intervention
108 or 105). The percentage score was calculated by di- Nonsurgical 12 4.9
Surgical 165 67.6
viding the study score by the maximum possible score for Prosthetic 18 7.4
the study and after adjusting for nonapplicable items. The Combination nonsurgical and surgical 8 3.3
score was approximately normally distributed, and thus, Combination of nonsurgical and prosthetic 2 0.8
Combination of surgical and prosthetic 39 16.0
linear regression was used to assess associations between
Median (IQR)
the score and the study characteristics. Coefficients, cor-
Number of authors in the studies 6.0 (2.0)
responding 95% CIs, and P values were calculated. Signifi-
Number of participants in the studies 15 (13)
cant predictors identified during the univariate analysis
Impact factor (IF) 2.619 (1.754)
were entered individually in the multivariable model. A
Number of citations (Google Scholar) 21 (40)
two-tailed P value of .05 was considered statistically sig- †n= number †IQR= interquartile range.
nificant. All analyses were performed using a statistical
software package, ‡ Stata 16.1 (StataCorp) and R Software
version 4.0.3 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing).
published in specialty journals (81.2%). Within this co-
hort of 244 selected trials, 240 were interventional-type
RESULTS RCTs (98.4%), with the type of intervention likely to be
surgical (67.6%). The median (range) number of authors,
Characteristics of the Studies journal impact factor, citations, and number of patients
Following application of the eligibility criteria, 244 split- were 6 (range: 1 to 18), 2.619 (range: 0 to 10.317), 21
mouth RCTs were analyzed in this study (Fig 1). More (0: to 699), and 15 (3 to 386), respectively (Table 1).
than 50% of the RCTs were published between 2016
and 2020. Authors based in European countries pub- Reporting in Relation to CONSORT
lished the most trials in the study time frame (67.2%). Within-Person Trials Checklist
The most frequent technical aspects were sinus aug- Among the 244 RCTs, checklist items that were fre-
mentation (23.0%), implant systems (19.7%), and quently reported include: backgrounds/objectives/
bone grafting (12.3%), respectively. Most trials were hypotheses, rationale (100.0%), eligibility criteria for

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Pfannenstiel et al
Item 1a
Item 25 Item 1b
Item 24 Item 2a
Item 23 Item 2b
Item 22 Item 3a
Item 21
Item 20
Item 19
Item 18
Item 17b
Item 17a
Item 16
Item 15
Item 14b
Item 14a
Item 13b Item 9
Item 13a Item 10a
Item 12b Item 11a
Item 12a Item 11b
Fig 2   Visual representation of completeness (0 = not reported, 1 = unclear, 2 = partially reported, and 3 = yes reported) of reporting for all
CONSORT items (left) and only extension items (right; n = 244).
body sites (75.8%), outcomes per site or per person
(95.5%), description of the similarity of interventions
(54.1%), statistical methods (80.3%), number of partici-
pants and number of body sites at each stage (83.2%),
number of randomized body sites in each group in-
cluded in each analysis (73.4%), harms or unintended
effects (63.5%), trial limitations (72.1%), generalizability
(61.5%), and sources of funding (73.0%). In contrast,
items that were not commonly reported include: iden-
tification of the design in the title (54.5%), rationale for
within-person design and identification of body sites
(39.8%), changes to methods (91.4%), sequential or
concurrent interventions (56.1%), changes to trial out-
comes (91.8%), correlation of body sites (46.3%), inter-
im analyses and stopping guidelines (99.6%), how the
first site to be treated was decided (75.4%), allocation
concealment (55.3%), people being involved (60.3%),
additional analyses (87.7%), dates of recruitment and
follow-up (43.0%), correlation between body sites and/
or tabulation of paired results (68.4%), interpretation
(65.6%), registration number and trial registry (86.9%),
full trial protocol (99.2%), clearly defining the primary
outcome (72.1%), and flow diagram (86.5%; Table 2 and
Fig 2).
Regression Analysis
In the univariable analysis, the number of authors, au-
thors based in Europe, and per-unit increase in number
of participants per trial were associated with reporting
scores. In the final model, trials with a greater number
of authors (> 7; β: 6.00; 1.48, 10.52; P = .01) had higher
scores compared to trials with fewer authors (1 to 4). Tri-
als with authors based in Europe achieved higher scores
compared to those based in Americas (North America
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Item 1a
Item 19 Item 1b
Item 17a Item 3a
Item 3b
Item 4a
Item 16 Item 4a
Item 4b
Item 5
Item 6a
Item 15 Item 5
Item 6b
Item 7a
Item 13b Item 6a
Item 7b
Item 8a
Item 8b Item 13a Item 7a
Item 12a Item 8b
Item 10a
and South America) (β: 5.30; 0.85, 9.74; P = .02). As the
number of participants (per unit) increased, higher over-
all scores were also evident (β: 0.07; 0.01, 0.12; P = .02).
Table 3 reports the complete regression analysis.
DISCUSSION
Within-person trials were first introduced in 1968 and
have increased in popularity within the dental special-
ties.13 In the present study, the reporting of 244 split-
mouth trials were assessed in relation to the CONSORT
within-person trials checklist. The findings of this study
have highlighted that generally the reporting of split-
mouth trials is suboptimal and that there is consider-
able room for improvement. For example, the items
integral to split-mouth study design conduct, such as
how the first site to be treated was decided and the cor-
relation between body sites and/or tabulation of paired
results, were the least reported. The regression analysis
showed that trials with a number of authors > 7 had
higher reporting scores compared to both trials with 5
to 6 authors and 1 to 4 authors. Additionally, trials with
authors based in Europe achieved higher scores com-
pared to those based in Asia and other and Americas.
Interestingly, as the number of participants (per unit)
with each trial increased, higher overall scores were
achieved.
The CONSORT extension for within-person trials7
was developed to facilitate transparent reporting of tri-
als employing designs such as split-mouth. In contrast
to the parallel group designs, the different treatment
interventions are applied within one patient on two or
more different body sites.14 A potential disadvantage of
 Pfannenstiel et al

Table 2  Results of the Assessment with the CONSORT Extension for Within-Person Trial and Additional Items
from CONSORT for Split-Mouth RCTs in Implant Dentistry
CONSORT CONSORT Not Yes Partly
Section/topic Item checklist extension reported reported reported NA Unclear
Title and 1a Identification in the title 133 (54.5%) 111 (45.5%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
abstract 1b Abstract 3 (1.2%) 0 (0.0%) 241 (98.8%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
Introduction 2a/2b Backgrounds/objectives/ 0 (0.0%) 244 (100%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
hypotheses/rationale
Materials and 3a Rationale for within-person design 97 (39.8%) 58 (23.8%) 86 (35.3%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (1.2%)
Methods and identification of body sites
3b Changes to methods 223 (91.4%) 20 (9.0%) 1 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
4a Eligibility criteria for body sites 3 (1.2%) 185 (75.8%) 3 (1.2%) 0 (0.0%) 53 (21.7%)
4b Settings and locations 23 (9.4%) 104 (42.6%) 117 (48.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
5 Sequential or concurrent 137 (56.1%) 105 (43.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (0.8%)
interventions
6a Outcomes per site or per person 3 (1.2%) 233 (95.5%) 8 (3.3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
6b Changes to trial outcomes 224 (91.8%) 19 (7.8%) 1 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
7a Correlation of body sites 113 (46.3%) 7 (2.9%) 99 (40.6%) 0 (0.0%) 25 (10.3%)
7b Interim analyses and 243 (99.6%) 1 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
stopping guidelines
Randomization 8a Random sequence 76 (31.2%) 168 (68.9%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
generation
8b How first site to be treated was decided 184 (75.4%) 60 (24.6%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)

9 Allocation concealment 135 (55.3%) 109 (44.7%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)

10a Persons being involved 147 (60.3%) 8 (3.3%) 82 (33.6%) 0 (0.0%) 7 (2.9%)
11a Blinding 95 (38.9%) 64 (26.2%) 84 (34.4%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.4%)
11b Description of the 9 (3.7%) 132 (54.1%) 0 (0.0%) 102 (41.8%) 1 (0.4%)
similarity of interventions
Statistical 12a Statistical methods 10 (4.1%) 196 (80.3%) 33 (13.5%) 0 (0.0%) 5 (2.1%)
methods 12b Additional analyses 214 (87.7%) 30 (12.3%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
Results 13a Number of participants and number 3 (1.2%) 203 (83.2%) 32 (13.1%) 0 (0.0%) 6 (2.5%)
of body sites at each stage
13b Participants and number of body sites 26 (10.7%) 89 (36.5%) 121 (49.6%) 0 (0.0) 8 (3.3%)
lost or excluded at each stage
14a Dates of recruitment and 105 (43.0%) 51 (20.9%) 88 (36.1%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
follow-up
14b Why the trial was ended or 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 243 (99.6%) 0 (0.0%)
was stopped
15 Baseline characteristics 18 (7.4%) 103 (42.2%) 123 (50.4%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
16 Number of randomized body sites in 24 (9.8%) 179 (73.4%) 28 (11.5%) 0 (0.0%) 13 (5.3%)
each group included in each analysis
17a Correlation between body sites/ 167 (68.4%) 66 (27.1%) 8 (3.3%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (1.2%)
tabulation of paired results
17b Absolute and relative 22 (9.0%) 24 (9.8%) 1 (0.4%) 197 (80.0%) 0 (0.0%)
effect sizes
18 Results of any other 2 (0.8%) 31 (12.7%) 211 (86.5%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
analyses
19 Harms or unintended effects 89 (36.5%) 155 (63.5%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
Discussion 20 Trial limitations 68 (27.9%) 176 (72.1%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
21 Generalizability 94 (38.5%) 150 (61.5%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
22 Interpretation 160 (65.6%) 55 (22.5%) 29 (11.9%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
Other 23 Registration number and 212 (86.9%) 26 (10.7%) 6 (2.5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
information trial registry
24 Full trial protocol 242 (99.2%) 2 (0.8%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
25 Sources of funding 66 (27.1%) 178 (73.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
Additional Clearly define the primary 176 (72.1%) 68 (27.9%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
questions from outcome
CONSORT Flow diagram 211 (86.5%) 26 (10.7%) 7 (2.9%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)

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Pfannenstiel et al

Table 3  Estimates, 95% Confidence Intervals, and P values for the Effect of Trial Characteristic on the Overall
Score
Univariable Multivariable
Covariate β 95% CIs P value β 95% CIs P value
Year          
1997–2010 0.00 Reference
2011–2015 –0.13 –5.52, 5.26 .96
2016-2020 1.97 –3.12, 7.06 .45
No. of authors
1–4 0.00 Reference < 0.001
5–6 2.58 –1.27, 6.43 .19 2.04 –1.75, 5.83 .29
>7 7.24 2.64, 11.83 < .001 6.00 1.48, 10.52 .01
Continent
Americas 0.00 Reference < 0.001
Asia and other –3.00 –8.72,2.72 .30 –2.41 –8.15, 3.33 .41
Europe 5.53 1.02, 10.05 .02 5.30 0.85, 9.74 .02
Journal type
General 0.00 Reference
Specialty 3.12 –2.67, 8.92 .29
Other –1.38 –9.23, 6.46 .73
Type of trial
Interventional 0.00 Reference
Noninterventional –0.72 –14.04, 12.60 .92
Intervention type
Nonsurgical 0.00 Reference
Surgical –3.57 –14.44, 3.30 .31
Prosthetic –0.46 –9.36, 8.45 .92
Combination 6.09 –1.48, 13.66 .11
Impact factor (per unit) 0.89 –0.27, 2.05 .13
No. of participants (per unit) 0.07 0.02, 0.13 .01 0.07 0.01, 0.12 .02
†Coef= coefficient, ‡CIs = confidence intervals.
Number of authors categorized as: 1–4, 5–6, and > 7. Intervention-type combination includes combination nonsurgical and surgical, combination
nonsurgical and prosthetic and combination surgical and prosthetic.

this design is the carry-across effect, where the treat-
ment intervention can affect the comparator/control
and vice versa.8 Therefore, the rationale and the iden-
tification of the treated sites should be clearly reported
so a judgment on potential sources of biases can be
made. However, this was only reported in 23.8% of tri-
als, which is comparable to previous investigations.12,15
An advantage of within-person trials is that because
of reduced interindividual variability, the sample size of
these trials can be smaller. However, the sample size is
dependent on the similarity of the sites within patients,
which can be expressed by the reporting of the corre-
lation coefficient.16 Disappointingly, only 2.9% of trials
reported the sample size calculation, including the cor-
relation coefficient. Additionally, 46.3% of trials provid-
ed neither a sample size calculation nor the coefficient.
This is in agreement with previous findings.11,12,15
In the CONSORT within-person checklist, as part of
the reporting of the randomization process, how the
first site to be treated was decided should be stated.
However, within this sample, only 24.6% of the RCTs
managed to report this adequately. In split-mouth
designs, simple, restricted, stratified randomization or
minimization can be employed to allocate sites such as
the arches or quadrants to interventions.16 Treatment
interventions should be directly assigned to their re-
spective site in advance, or the site that is treated first
must also be randomized.7 Many trials report the ran-
domization process according to the treatment that
is started but fail to specify which site is treated first.
Potentially, this may result in selection bias,17 as the
clinician is left to decide the initial intervention site
allocation.
Two previous studies have been conducted assess-
ing the reporting quality of dental trials with a split-
mouth design using the CONSORT within-person trials
checklist. In a sample of split-mouth studies published
in several dental specialties, a great proportion (> 90%)
of not-adequately-reported items for changes to meth-
ods, changes to trial outcomes, interim analysis, and
stopping guidelines was found.12 Additionally, better
reporting of the CONSORT extension for within-person
items was associated with the use of a flow diagram,
orthodontic trials, and the involvement of a statistician.
In the assessment of 241 orthodontic trials published
between 2015 and 2019, inadequate reporting for key

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methodologic items such as randomization and blind-
ing was evident.15 Furthermore, the authors found
a significant association between higher reporting
quality scores and the type of journal, reported use of
CONSORT, and funding status.
The results of the present study appear to differ
from the previously reported findings within the lit-
erature.12,15 However, this may be explained by two
potentially important reasons: First, in the present in-
vestigation, a four-level categoric rating (reported, par-
tially reported, not reported, unclear) and a resulting
aggregate reporting quality score in comparison to a
two-level rating (reported, not reported) was employed;
and second, the rationale used to assess items might
differ between studies. Variation in the interpretation of
ratings by assessors is not uncommon in the scientific
literature,18–20 and therefore, an explanation of the ra-
tionale used to assess the studies is advocated.21
The study characteristics that were significantly asso-
ciated with the CONSORT extension for within-person
trial scores were the number of authors, number of trial
participants, and continent affiliation of the first author.
One explanation for the association between number of
authors and CONSORT scores is that a greater number
of authors in the study might have some positive influ-
ence on the design and conduct of the study. Similar re-
sults were found in a study assessing meta-analyses on
depression.22 In this study, a greater number of authors
was associated with better reporting quality scores.
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to
undertake a wide-ranging assessment of the report-
ing quality of split-mouth trials undertaken in implant
dentistry. Two hundred forty-four trials published be-
tween 1997 and 2020 were included, which represents
a sufficient sample size to ascertain and gauge the cur-
rent status of the reporting of these trials in relation to
the CONSORT within-person checklist. In addition to
searching four electronic databases, the reference lists
of included trials were screened to identify additional
trials and increase the generalizability of the presented
results. Furthermore, during the identification, selec-
tion, and data extraction stages, steps were taken in the
study methodology to minimize selection bias and in-
crease the validity of the results. These include referring
to a predefined rationale for each item to ensure con-
sistency in the interpretation of each checklist item. The
criteria used to assess the checklist items are reported
in the Appendix.
The present study has some limitations. Primarily,
the findings of this investigation report the reporting
quality rather than the methodologic quality. The re-
porting of each item was also assigned to one of four
categories, which may be considered as being subjec-
tive, with all checklist items being weighted equally.
Future investigators may opt to choose a different
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NO PART MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHER.
Pfannenstiel et al
criterion and consider different checklist items being of
more importance compared with others.
CONCLUSIONS
In relation to the CONSORT extension for the within-
person trials checklist, the reporting of split-mouth
trials undertaken in implant dentistry is suboptimal.
To improve the reporting quality and transparency of
these trials, adherence to the CONSORT extension for
the within-person trials checklist by journal editors and
investigators should be encouraged.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors declare having no conflicts of interest. No external fund-
ing, apart from the support of the authors’ institution, was provided
for this study.
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APPENDIX
S1. List of included RCTs (n= 244)
Abi-Aad, H., Daher, F., Dimassi, H., Cordioli, G., & Majzoub, Z. (2018).
Immediate vs conventional loading of variable-thread tapered
implants supporting three- to four-unit fixed partial dentures in the
posterior maxilla: 1-year interim results of a split-mouth randomised
controlled trial. European Journal of Oral Implantology, 11(3), 337–350.
Abohabib, A. M., Fayed, M. M., & Labib, A. H. (2018). Effects of low-
intensity laser therapy on the stability of orthodontic mini-implants:
A randomised controlled clinical trial. Journal of Orthodontics, 45(3),
149–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/14653125.2018.1481710
Abou-Ayash, S., Schimmel, M., Kraus, D., Mericske-Stern, R., Albrecht,
D., & Enkling, N. (2020). Platform switching in two-implant bar-
retained mandibular overdentures: 1-year results from a split-mouth
randomized controlled clinical trial. Clinical Oral Implants Research,
31(10), 968–979. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.13640
Abtahi, J., Henefalk, G., & Aspenberg, P. (2016). Randomised trial
of bisphosphonate-coated dental implants: Radiographic follow-
up after five years of loading. International Journal of Oral and
Maxillofacial Surgery, 45(12), 1564–1569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ijom.2016.09.001
Abtahi, Jahan, Henefalk, G., & Aspenberg, P. (2019). Impact of a
zoledronate coating on early post-surgical implant stability and
marginal bone resorption in the maxilla—A split-mouth randomized
clinical trial. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 30(1), 49–58. https://doi.
org/10.1111/clr.13391
Abtahi, Jahan, Tengvall, P., & Aspenberg, P. (2012). A bisphosphonate-
coating improves the fixation of metal implants in human bone. A
randomized trial of dental implants. Bone, 50(5), 1148–1151. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2012.02.001
Aladmawy, M. A., Natto, Z. S., Steffensen, B., Levi, P., Cheung, W.,
Finkelman, M., … Hur, Y. (2019, August 20). A Comparison between
Primary and Secondary Flap Coverage in Ridge Preservation
Procedures: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial [Clinical
Study]. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7679319
Al-Almaie, S., & Kavarodi, A. (2019). Efficacy of Dental Implants
Placements between Lateral and Crestal Sinus Lift Techniques: A
Split-Mouth Study. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874210601913010346
Al-Delayme, R. M. A. (2019). Preservation of keratinized gingiva
around dental implants using a diode laser when uncovering
implants for second stage surgery. European Oral Research, 53(3),
106–112. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20190022
Al-Juboori, M. J., Bin Abdulrahaman, S., & Jassan, A. (2012).
Comparison of flapless and conventional flap and the effect on
crestal bone resorption during a 12-week healing period. Dental
Implantology Update, 23(2), 9–16.
Al-Nawas, B., Brägger, U., Meijer, H. J. A., Naert, I., Persson, R., Perucchi,
A., … Müller, F. (2012). A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
(RCT) of Titanium-13Zirconium versus Titanium Grade IV Small-
Diameter Bone Level Implants in Edentulous Mandibles – Results
from a 1-Year Observation Period. Clinical Implant Dentistry and
Related Research, 14(6), 896–904. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-
8208.2010.00324.x
Amari, Y., Piattelli, A., Apaza Alccayhuaman, K. A., Mesa, N. F., Ferri,
M., Iezzi, G., & Botticelli, D. (2019). Bone healing at non-submerged
implants installed with different insertion torques: A split-mouth
histomorphometric randomized controlled trial. International Journal
of Implant Dentistry, 5(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-019-
0194-2
Amorfini, L., Migliorati, M., Signori, A., Silvestrini-Biavati, A., &
Benedicenti, S. (2014). Block Allograft Technique versus Standard
Guided Bone Regeneration: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clinical
Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 16(5), 655–667. https://doi.
org/10.1111/cid.12040
Amri, M. D. A., Al-Johany, S. S., Baker, A. M. A., Rifaiy, M. Q. A.,
Abduljabbar, T. S., & A-Kheraif, A. A. (2017). Soft tissue changes and
crestal bone loss around platform-switched implants placed at crestal
© 2022 BY QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO, INC. PRINTING OF THIS DOCUMENT IS RESTRICTED TO PERSONAL USE ONLY.
NO PART MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHER.
Pfannenstiel et al
and subcrestal levels: 36-month results from a prospective split-
mouth clinical trial. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 28(11), 1342–1347.
https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12990
Annen, B. M., Ramel, C. F., Hämmerle, C. H., & Jung, R. E. (2011). Use
of a new cross-linked collagen membrane for the treatment of
peri-implant dehiscence defects: A randomised controlled double-
blinded clinical trial. European Journal of Oral Implantology, 4(2),
87–100.
Arısan, V., Karabuda, Z. C., Arıcı, S. V., Topçuoğlu, N., & Külekçi,
G. (2015). A Randomized Clinical Trial of an Adjunct Diode Laser
Application for the Nonsurgical Treatment of Peri-Implantitis.
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 33(11), 547–554. https://doi.
org/10.1089/pho.2015.3956
Assche, N. Van, Coucke, W., Teughels, W., Naert, I., Cardoso, M. V.,
& Quirynen, M. (2012). RCT comparing minimally with moderately
rough implants. Part 1: Clinical observations. Clinical Oral
Implants Research, 23(5), 617–624. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-
0501.2011.02256.x
Assche, Nele Van, Michels, S., Naert, I., & Quirynen, M. (2013).
Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare Two Bone Substitutes in
the Treatment of Bony Dehiscences. Clinical Implant Dentistry and
Related Research, 15(4), 558–568. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-
8208.2011.00408.x
Astrand, P., Engquist, B., Anzén, B., Bergendal, T., Hallman, M.,
Karlsson, U., … Rundcrantz, T. (2002). Nonsubmerged and submerged
implants in the treatment of the partially edentulous maxilla. Clinical
Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 4(3), 115–127. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1708-8208.2002.tb00161.x
Åstrand, P., Engquist, B., Anzén, B., Bergendal, T., Hallman, M.,
Karlsson, U., … Rundcranz, T. (2004). A Three-Year Follow-Up Report
of a Comparative Study of ITI Dental Implants® and Brånemark
System® Implants in the Treatment of the Partially Edentulous Maxilla.
Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 6(3), 130–141. https://
doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8208.2004.tb00213.x
Aydemir, C. A., & Arısan, V. (2020). Accuracy of dental implant
placement via dynamic navigation or the freehand method: A split-
mouth randomized controlled clinical trial. Clinical Oral Implants
Research, 31(3), 255–263. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.13563
Bakshi, P. V., Thakur, S., & Kulkarni, S. (2017). Perception by
Osseointegrated Dental Implants Supporting a Fixed Prosthesis: A
Prospective Study. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial
Implants, 32(6), 1346–1350. https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.4515
Baldini, N., D’Elia, C., Bianco, A., Goracci, C., Sanctis, M. de, & Ferrari, M.
(2017). Lateral approach for sinus floor elevation: Large versus small
bone window – a split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Clinical Oral
Implants Research, 28(8), 974–981. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12908
Baldini, N., D’Elia, C., Mirra, R., & Ferrari, M. (2019). Minimally invasive
flap compared to a trapezoidal flap in lateral approach maxillary
sinus elevation procedures: Four-month post-loading results from a
split-mouth randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Oral
Implantology (Berlin, Germany), 12(2), 209–224.
Batas, L., Tsalikis, L., & Stavropoulos, A. (2019). PRGF as adjunct to DBB
in maxillary sinus floor augmentation: Histological results of a pilot
split-mouth study. International Journal of Implant Dentistry, 5(1), 14.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-019-0166-6
Bechara, K., Dottore, A. M., Kawakami, P. Y., Gehrke, S. A., Coelho, P.
G., Piattelli, A., … Shibli, J. A. (2015). A histological study of non-
ceramic hydroxyapatite as a bone graft substitute material in the
vertical bone augmentation of the posterior mandible using an
interpositional inlay technique: A split mouth evaluation. Annals of
Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger, 202, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
aanat.2015.07.004
Bencharit, S., Morelli, T., Barros, S., Seagroves, J. T., Kim, S., Yu, N.,
… Offenbacher, S. (2019). Comparing Initial Wound Healing and
Osteogenesis of Porous Tantalum Trabecular Metal and Titanium
Alloy Materials. Journal of Oral Implantology, 45(3), 173–180. https://
doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-D-17-00258
The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants  454a
Pfannenstiel et al
Beretta, M., Maiorana, C., Cortinovis, I., & Poli, P. P. (2019). Tapered
Screw Implants With Different Machined Neck Designs: A 3-Year
Split-Mouth Randomized Controlled Prospective Study. Journal
of Oral Implantology, 45(5), 416–420. https://doi.org/10.1563/aaid-
joi-D-19-00067
Bernardi, S., Gatto, R., Severino, M., Botticelli, G., Caruso, S., Rastelli,
C., … Falisi, G. (2018). Short Versus Longer Implants in Mandibular
Alveolar Ridge Augmented Using Osteogenic Distraction: One-
Year Follow-up of a Randomized Split-Mouth Trial. Journal of
Oral Implantology, 44(3), 184–191. https://doi.org/10.1563/aaid-
joi-D-16-00216
Bhalla, K., & Kalha, A. S. (2013). Miniscrew design and bone response:
Defining a correlation. Orthodontics: The Art and Practice of
Dentofacial Enhancement, 14(1), e10-21. https://doi.org/10.11607/
ortho.759
Bollero, P., Di Fazio, V., Pavoni, C., Cordaro, M., Cozza, P., &
Lione, R. (2018). Titanium alloy vs. stainless steel miniscrews:
An in vivo split-mouth study. European Review for Medical and
Pharmacological Sciences, 22(8), 2191–2198. https://doi.org/10.26355/
eurrev_201804_14803
Borges, F. L., Dias, R. O., Piattelli, A., Onuma, T., Cardoso, L. A. G.,
Salomão, M., … Shibli, J. A. (2011). Simultaneous Sinus Membrane
Elevation and Dental Implant Placement Without Bone Graft: A
6-Month Follow-Up Study. Journal of Periodontology, 82(3), 403–412.
https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2010.100343
Brakel, R. van, Cune, M. S., Winkelhoff, A. J. van, Putter, C. de,
Verhoeven, J. W., & Reijden, W. van der. (2011). Early bacterial
colonization and soft tissue health around zirconia and titanium
abutments: An in vivo study in man. Clinical Oral Implants Research,
22(6), 571–577. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02005.x
Brakel, R. van, Meijer, G. J., Verhoeven, J. W., Jansen, J., Putter, C. de,
& Cune, M. S. (2012). Soft tissue response to zirconia and titanium
implant abutments: An in vivo within-subject comparison. Journal
of Clinical Periodontology, 39(10), 995–1001. https://doi.org/10.1111/
j.1600-051X.2012.01931.x
Cannizzaro, G., Felice, P., Leone, M., Checchi, V., & Esposito, M. (2011).
Flapless versus open flap implant surgery in partially edentulous
patients subjected to immediate loading: 1-year results from a
split-mouth randomised controlled trial. European Journal of Oral
Implantology, 4(3), 177–188.
Cannizzaro, G., Felice, P., Leone, M., Ferri, V., Viola, P., & Esposito, M.
(2012). Immediate versus early loading of 6.5 mm-long flapless-
placed single implants: A 4-year after loading report of a split-mouth
randomised controlled trial. European Journal of Oral Implantology,
5(2), 111–121.
Cannizzaro, G., Felice, P., Loi, I., Viola, P., Ferri, V., Leone, M., …
Esposito, M. (2016). Machined versus roughened immediately loaded
and finally restored single implants inserted flapless: Preliminary
6-month data from a split- mouth randomised controlled trial.
European Journal of Oral Implantology, 9 Suppl 1(2), 155–163.
Cannizzaro, G., Felice, P., Trullenque-Eriksson, A., Lazzarini, M.,
Velasco-Ortega, E., & Esposito, M. (2018). Immediate vs early loading
of 6.6 mm flapless-placed single implants: 9 years after-loading
report of a split-mouth randomised controlled trial. European Journal
of Oral Implantology, 11(2), 163–173.
Cannizzaro, G., Leone, M., Ferri, V., Viola, P., Gelpi, F., Federico, G., &
Esposito, M. (2012). Immediate loading of single implants inserted
flapless with medium or high insertion torque: A 6-month follow-up
of a split-mouth randomised controlled trial. European Journal of
Oral Implantology, 5(4), 333–342.
Cannizzaro, G., Leone, M., Torchio, C., Viola, P., & Esposito, M. (2008).
Immediate versus early loading of 7-mm-long flapless-placed single
implants: A split-mouth randomised controlled clinical trial. European
Journal of Oral Implantology, 1(4), 277–292.
Carmo Filho, L. C. do, Faot, F., Madruga, M. de M., Marcello-Machado,
R. M., Bordin, D., & Del Bel Cury, A. A. (2019). Effect of implant
macrogeometry on peri-implant healing outcomes: A randomized
454b  Volume 37, Number 3, 2022
© 2022 BY QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO, INC. PRINTING OF THIS DOCUMENT IS RESTRICTED TO PERSONAL USE ONLY.
NO PART MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHER.
clinical trial. Clinical Oral Investigations, 23(2), 567–575. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s00784-018-2463-5
Chandra, R. V., Sneha, K., & Anvesha, P. (2020). Free gingival grafts vs
mucosal excision in increasing the amount of keratinized mucosa
during exposure of submerged orthodontic implants: A comparative,
split-mouth study. Quintessence International (Berlin, Germany:
1985), 51(8), 630–638. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.a44893
Chang, C. H., Lin, J. S., & Roberts, W. E. (2018). Failure rates for stainless
steel versus titanium alloy infrazygomatic crest bone screws: A
single-center, randomized double-blind clinical trial. The Angle
Orthodontist, 89(1), 40–46. https://doi.org/10.2319/012518-70.1
Checchi, L., Felice, P., Antonini, E. S., Cosci, F., Pellegrino, G., & Esposito,
M. (2010). Crestal sinus lift for implant rehabilitation: A randomised
clinical trial comparing the Cosci and the Summers techniques.
A preliminary report on complications and patient preference.
European Journal of Oral Implantology, 3(3), 221–232.
Chiu, T.-S., Lee, C.-T., Bittner, N., Prasad, H., Tarnow, D. P., & Schulze-
Späte, U. (2018). Histomorphometric Results of a Randomized
Controlled Clinical Trial Studying Maxillary Sinus Augmentation with
Two Different Biomaterials and Simultaneous Implant Placement.
The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 33(6),
1320–1330. https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.6778
Choi, K.-S., Kan, J. Y. K., Boyne, P. J., Goodacre, C. J., Lozada, J. L., &
Rungcharassaeng, K. (2009). The effects of resorbable membrane on
human maxillary sinus graft: A pilot study. The International Journal
of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 24(1), 73–80.
Clelland, N., Chaudhry, J., Rashid, R. G., & McGlumphy, E. (2016). Split-
Mouth Comparison of Splinted and Nonsplinted Prostheses on Short
Implants: 3-Year Results. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial
Implants, 31(5), 1135–1141. https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.4565
Cosso, M. G., Brito, R. B. de, Piattelli, A., Shibli, J. A., & Zenóbio, E.
G. (2014). Volumetric dimensional changes of autogenous bone
and the mixture of hydroxyapatite and autogenous bone graft in
humans maxillary sinus augmentation. A multislice tomographic
study. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 25(11), 1251–1256. https://doi.
org/10.1111/clr.12261
da Silva, H. F., Goulart, D. R., Sverzut, A. T., Olate, S., & de Moraes,
M. (2020). Comparison of two anorganic bovine bone in maxillary
sinus lift: A split-mouth study with clinical, radiographical, and
histomorphometrical analysis. International Journal of Implant
Dentistry, 6(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-020-00214-w
Daher, F. I., Abi-Aad, H. L., Dimassi, H. I., Cordioli, G., & Majzoub, Z. A.
K. (2019). Immediate versus conventional loading of variable-thread
tapered implants supporting three- to four-unit fixed partial dentures
in the posterior maxilla: 3-year results of a split-mouth randomised
controlled trial. International Journal of Oral Implantology (Berlin,
Germany), 12(4), 449–466.
de Lange, G. L., Overman, J. R., Farré-Guasch, E., Korstjens, C. M.,
Hartman, B., Langenbach, G. E. J., … Klein-Nulend, J. (2014). A
histomorphometric and micro–computed tomography study
of bone regeneration in the maxillary sinus comparing biphasic
calcium phosphate and deproteinized cancellous bovine bone
in a human split-mouth model. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral
Pathology and Oral Radiology, 117(1), 8–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
oooo.2013.08.008
de Molon, R. S., Magalhaes-Tunes, F. S., Semedo, C. V., Furlan, R.
G., de Souza, L. G. L., de Souza Faloni, A. P., … Faeda, R. S. (2019). A
randomized clinical trial evaluating maxillary sinus augmentation
with different particle sizes of demineralized bovine bone mineral:
Histological and immunohistochemical analysis. International
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 48(6), 810–823. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ijom.2018.09.003
Dogan, E., Dursun, E., Tosun, E., Bilgic, E., Akman, A. C., Orhan, K., …
Caglayan, F. (2017). Evaluation of hyaluronic matrix efficacy in sinus
augmentation: A randomized-controlled histomorphometric and
micro-computed tomography analysis. International Journal of Oral
and Maxillofacial Surgery, 46(7), 931–937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ijom.2017.03.003
 Pfannenstiel et al

dos Anjos, T. L. M. R., de Molon, R. S., Paim, P. R. F., Marcantonio, results from a randomised controlled trial. European Journal of Oral
E., Marcantonio Jr., E., & Faeda, R. S. (2016). Implant stability Implantology, 7(2), 129–137.
after sinus floor augmentation with deproteinized bovine bone
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obtained with microCT. Archives of Oral Biology, 58(6), 621–627.
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Brinley, C. L., Behrents, R., Kim, K. B., Condoor, S., Kyung, H.-M., &
Buschang, P. H. (2009). Pitch and longitudinal fluting effects on the
primary stability of miniscrew implants. The Angle Orthodontist,
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Brisceno, C. E., Rossouw, P. E., Carrillo, R., Spears, R., & Buschang,
P. H. (2009). Healing of the roots and surrounding structures after
intentional damage with miniscrew implants. American Journal of
Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 135(3), 292–301. https://
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Reason: animal study
Brockmeyer, P., Krohn, S., Thiemann, C., Schulz, X., Kauffmann,
P., Tröltzsch, M., … Gruber, R. M. (2016). Primary stability and
osseointegration of dental implants in polylactide modified bone—A
pilot study in Goettingen minipigs. Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial
Surgery: Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-
Maxillo-Facial Surgery, 44(8), 1095–1103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jcms.2016.05.025
Reason: animal study
Brockmeyer, P., Lange, K., Hahn, W., Schliephake, H., & Matthias
Gruber, R. (2015). Increase of homogenous new bone formation using
osteoinductive factor rhGDF-5 during sinus floor augmentation
in Goettingen Minipigs. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 26(11),
1321–1327. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12457
Reason: animal study
Cairo, F., Barbato, L., Selvaggi, F., Baielli, M. G., Piattelli, A., & Chambrone,
L. (2019). Surgical procedures for soft tissue augmentation at implant
sites. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled
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Camps-Font, O., Burgueño-Barris, G., Figueiredo, R., Jung, R. E.,
Gay-Escoda, C., & Valmaseda-Castellón, E. (2016). Interventions for
Dental Implant Placement in Atrophic Edentulous Mandibles: Vertical
Bone Augmentation and Alternative Treatments. A Meta-Analysis
of Randomized Clinical Trials. Journal of Periodontology, 87(12),
1444–1457. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2016.160226
Reason: other study design: meta-analysis
Caplanis, N., Sigurdsson, T. J., Rohrer, M. D., & Wikesjö, U. M. (1997).
Effect of allogeneic, freeze-dried, demineralized bone matrix on
guided bone regeneration in supra-alveolar peri-implant defects in
dogs. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 12(5),
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Reason: animal study
Carney, L. O., Campbell, P. M., Spears, R., Ceen, R. F., Melo, A. C., &
Buschang, P. H. (2014). Effects of pilot holes on longitudinal miniscrew
stability and bony adaptation. American Journal of Orthodontics
and Dentofacial Orthopedics: Official Publication of the American
Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the
American Board of Orthodontics, 146(5), 554–564. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.07.017
Reason: animal study
Cavalla, F. (2020). Effect of Platelet-rich Plasm (PRF) on Two-implant
Mandibular Overdenture: A Split Mouth (Clinical trial registration
Nr. NCT04429373). clinicaltrials.gov. Abgerufen von clinicaltrials.gov
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Reason: study not completed
Chan, H.-L., Oh, T.-J., Fu, J.-H., Benavides, E., Avila-Ortiz, G., & Wang,
H.-L. (2013). Sinus augmentation via transcrestal approach: A
comparison between the balloon and osteotome technique in a
cadaver study. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 24(9), 985–990. https://
doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02506.x
Reason: cadaver study
Chang, M., Chronopoulos, V., & Mattheos, N. (2013). Impact of
excessive occlusal load on successfully-osseointegrated dental
implants: A literature review. Journal of Investigative and Clinical
Dentistry, 4(3), 142–150. https://doi.org/10.1111/jicd.12036
Reason: other study design: literature review
Chang, Y.-Y., Kim, S.-H., Park, K.-O., & Yun, J.-H. (2017). Effect of
microthreads on coronal bone healing of narrow-diameter implants
with reverse-tapered design in beagle dogs. Clinical Oral Implants
Research, 28(12), 1532–1542. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.13022
Reason: animal study
Chen, J., Cai, M., Yang, J., Aldhohrah, T., & Wang, Y. (2019). Immediate
versus early or conventional loading dental implants with fixed
prostheses: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized
controlled clinical trials. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 122(6),
516–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.05.013
Reason: other study design: systematic review
Chen, Z., Li, J., Sinjab, K., Mendonca, G., Yu, H., & Wang, H.-L. (2018).
Accuracy of flapless immediate implant placement in anterior
maxilla using computer-assisted versus freehand surgery: A cadaver
study. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 29(12), 1186–1194. https://doi.
org/10.1111/clr.13382
Reason: cadaver study
Christgau, M., Moder, D., Wagner, J., Glässl, M., Hiller, K.-A., Wenzel, A.,
& Schmalz, G. (2006). Influence of autologous platelet concentrate on
healing in intra-bony defects following guided tissue regeneration
therapy: A randomized prospective clinical split-mouth study.
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 33(12), 908–921. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.00999.x
Reason: split-mouth in other disciplines
Cooper, L. F. (2020). The Laser-Lok Trial: Impact of Laser-modified
Abutment Topography on Peri-implant Mucosal Integration (Clinical
trial registration Nr. NCT03982615). clinicaltrials.gov. Abgerufen
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Coulthard, P., Esposito, M., Jokstad, A., & Worthington, H. V. (2003).
Interventions for replacing missing teeth: Surgical techniques for
placing dental implants. The Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews, (1), CD003606. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003606
Reason: other study design: systematic review
Coyac, B. R., Leahy, B., Li, Z., Salvi, G., Yin, X., Brunski, J. B., & Helms, J.
A. (2020). Bone formation around unstable implants is enhanced by
a WNT protein therapeutic in a preclinical in vivo model. Clinical Oral
Implants Research, 31(11), 1125–1137. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.13659
Reason: animal study
Coyac, B. R., Salvi, G., Leahy, B., Li, Z., Salmon, B., Hoffmann, W., &
Helms, J. A. (2020). A novel system exploits bone debris for implant
osseointegration. Journal of Periodontology. https://doi.org/10.1002/
JPER.20-0099
Reason: animal study
Cruz, M., & Castro, J. M. A. (2001). Effectiveness of Iodoform Antiseptic
Pomade in the Control of Bacterial Dental Implant-Abutment
Interface Contamination: A Randomized Clinical Trial. 14(1), 11.
Reason: other study design: no split-mouth design
Cuairán, C., Campbell, P. M., Kontogiorgos, E., Taylor, R. W., Melo,
A. C., & Buschang, P. H. (2014). Local application of zoledronate
enhances miniscrew implant stability in dogs. American Journal of
Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics: Official Publication of
the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies,
and the American Board of Orthodontics, 145(6), 737–749. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.01.020
Reason: animal study
de Albuquerque Júnior, R. F., Lund, J. P., Tang, L., Larivée, J., de
Grandmont, P., Gauthier, G., & Feine, J. S. (2000). Within-subject
comparison of maxillary long-bar implant-retained prostheses with
and without palatal coverage: Patient-based outcomes. Clinical Oral
Implants Research, 11(6), 555–565. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-
0501.2000.011006555.x
Reason: Other study design: within-subject, cross-over design
de Grandmont, P., Feine, J. S., Taché, R., Boudrias, P., Donohue, W.
B., Tanguay, R., & Lund, J. P. (1994). Within-subject comparisons of
implant-supported mandibular prostheses: Psychometric evaluation.
Journal of Dental Research, 73(5), 1096–1104. https://doi.org/10.1177/
00220345940730051201
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de Sousa, C. A., Lemos, C. A. A., Santiago-Júnior, J. F., Faverani, L. P.,
& Pellizzer, E. P. (2018). Bone augmentation using autogenous bone
versus biomaterial in the posterior region of atrophic mandibles: A
systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Dentistry, 76, 1–8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2018.06.014
Reason: other study design: systematic review and meta analysis
de Vicente, J. C., Recio, O., Martín-Villa, L., Junquera, L. M., & López-
Arranz, J. S. (2006). Histomorphometric evaluation of guided bone
regeneration around implants with SLA surface: An experimental
study in beagle dogs. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial
Surgery, 35(11), 1047–1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2006.06.008
Reason: animal study
Del Fabbro, M., Testori, T., Francetti, L., & Weinstein, R. (2004).
Systematic review of survival rates for implants placed in the
grafted maxillary sinus. The International Journal of Periodontics &
Restorative Dentistry, 24(6), 565–577.
Reason: other study design: systematic review
Delgado-Ruiz, R. A., Calvo-Guirado, J. L., Abboud, M., Ramirez-
Fernandez, M. P., Maté-Sánchez de Val, J. E., Mate-Sanchez, J. E., …
Rothamel, D. (2014). Histologic and histomorphometric behavior
of microgrooved zirconia dental implants with immediate loading.
Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 16(6), 856–872.
https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.12069
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of implants following lateral bone augmentation: Systematic
assessment of available options (barrier membranes, bone grafts,
split osteotomy). Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 35(s8), 173–202.
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Reason: other study design: systematic review
454l  Volume 37, Number 3, 2022
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NO PART MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHER.
Durrani, O. K., Shaheed, S., Khan, A., & Bashir, U. (2017). Comparison of
in-vivo failure of single-thread and dual-thread temporary anchorage
devices over 18 months: A split-mouth randomized controlled trial.
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Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists,
Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics,
152(4), 451–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.05.019
Reason: split-mouth in other disciplines
Elian, N., Bloom, M., Dard, M., Cho, S.-C., Trushkowsky, R. D., & Tarnow,
D. (2014). Radiological and micro-computed tomography analysis of
the bone at dental implants inserted 2, 3 and 4 mm apart in a minipig
model with platform switching incorporated. Clinical Oral Implants
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Elian, N., Kye, W., Saito, H., Dard, M. M., Trushkowsky, R. D., & Tarnow,
D. (2015). Tissue Healing Around Dental Implants With Marginal Bone
Defects With and Without Flap Elevation: An Experimental Study in
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Ellis, J. S., Burawi, G., Walls, A., & Thomason, J. M. (2009). Patient
satisfaction with two designs of implant supported removable
overdentures; ball attachment and magnets. Clinical Oral Implants
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0501.2009.01810.x
Reason: within-subject, cross-over
Emami, E., Alesawy, A., de Grandmont, P., Cerutti-Kopplin, D.,
Kodama, N., Menassa, M., … Durand, R. (2019). A within-subject
clinical trial on the conversion of mandibular two-implant to three-
implant overdenture: Patient-centered outcomes and willingness
to pay. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 30(3), 218–228. https://doi.
org/10.1111/clr.13408
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Ericsson, I., Randow, K., Glantz, P. O., Lindhe, J., & Nilner, K.
(1994). Clinical and radiographical features of submerged and
nonsubmerged titanium implants. Clinical Oral Implants Research,
5(3), 185–189. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1994.050310.x
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Ericsson, I., Randow, K., Nilner, K., & Petersson, A. (1997). Some
clinical and radiographical features of submerged and non-
submerged titanium implants. A 5-year follow-up study. Clinical Oral
Implants Research, 8(5), 422–426. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-
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Esposito, M., Coulthard, P., Worthington, H. V., & Jokstad, A. (2001).
Quality assessment of randomized controlled trials of oral implants.
The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 16(6),
783–792.
Reason: other study design: qualitiy assessment of RCTs
Esposito, M., Worthington, H. V., Thomsen, P., & Coulthard, P. (2004).
Interventions for replacing missing teeth: Different times for loading
dental implants. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3),
CD003878. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003878.pub2
Reason: other study design: systematic review
Esposito, Marco, Buti, J., Barausse, C., Gasparro, R., Sammartino, G.,
& Felice, P. (2019). Short implants versus longer implants in vertically
augmented atrophic mandibles: A systematic review of randomised
controlled trials with a 5-year post-loading follow-up. International
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Esposito, Marco, Grusovin, M. G., Coulthard, P., Thomsen, P., &
Worthington, H. V. (2005). A 5-year follow-up comparative analysis
of the efficacy of various osseointegrated dental implant systems:
A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials. The
International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 20(4), 557–568.
Reason: other study design: systematic review

Esposito, Marco, Grusovin, M. G., Willings, M., Coulthard, P., &
Worthington, H. V. (2007). The effectiveness of immediate, early, and
conventional loading of dental implants: A Cochrane systematic
review of randomized controlled clinical trials. The International
Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 22(6), 893–904.
Reason: other study design: systematic review
Esposito, Marco, Maghaireh, H., Grusovin, M. G., Ziounas, I., &
Worthington, H. V. (2012a). Interventions for replacing missing teeth:
Management of soft tissues for dental implants. The Cochrane
Database of Systematic Reviews, (2), CD006697. https://doi.
org/10.1002/14651858.CD006697.pub2
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Esposito, Marco, Maghaireh, H., Grusovin, M. G., Ziounas, I., &
Worthington, H. V. (2012b). Soft tissue management for dental
implants: What are the most effective techniques? A Cochrane
systematic review. European Journal of Oral Implantology, 5(3),
221–238.
Reason: other study design: systematic review
Esposito, Marco, Trullenque-Eriksson, A., Vila, C. N., Peñarrocha,
M., García, A., Sánchez, A., … Martínez Martín, J. M. (2017). Vertical
Osseodistraction with a New Intraosseous Alveolar Distractor
Prototype for Dental Implant Rehabilitation: A Pilot Study in Dogs.
The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 32(4),
838–848. https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.5824
Reason: animal study
Esposito, Marco, Worthington, H. V., Thomsen, P., & Coulthard, P.
(2004). Interventions for replacing missing teeth: Maintaining health
around dental implants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,
(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003069.pub2
Reason: other study design: systematic review
Exposto, C. R., Oz, U., Westgate, P. M., & Huja, S. S. (2019). Influence of
mini-screw diameter and loading conditions on static and dynamic
assessments of bone-implant contact: An animal study. Orthodontics
& Craniofacial Research, 22 Suppl 1, 96–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/
ocr.12293
Reason: animal study
Faggion, C. M., Listl, S., Frühauf, N., Chang, H.-J., & Tu, Y.-K. (2014).
A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of
randomized clinical trials on non-surgical treatments for peri-
implantitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 41(10), 1015–1025.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12292
Reason: other study design: systematic review
Feine, J. S., de Grandmont, P., Boudrias, P., Brien, N., LaMarche, C.,
Taché, R., & Lund, J. P. (1994). Within-subject comparisons of implant-
supported mandibular prostheses: Choice of prosthesis. Journal of
Dental Research, 73(5), 1105–1111. https://doi.org/10.1177/002203459
40730051301
Reason: other study design: within-subject, cross-over
Feine, J. S., Maskawi, K., de Grandmont, P., Donohue, W. B., Tanguay,
R., & Lund, J. P. (1994). Within-subject comparisons of implant-
supported mandibular prostheses: Evaluation of masticatory
function. Journal of Dental Research, 73(10), 1646–1656. https://doi.or
g/10.1177/00220345940730101001
Reason: other study design: within-subject, cross-over
Ferguson, S. J., Broggini, N., Wieland, M., de Wild, M., Rupp, F., Geis-
Gerstorfer, J., … Buser, D. (2006). Biomechanical evaluation of the
interfacial strength of a chemically modified sandblasted and acid-
etched titanium surface. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research.
Part A, 78(2), 291–297. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.30678
Reason: animal study
Fiorellini, J. P., Buser, D., Paquette, D. W., Williams, R. C., Haghighi, D., &
Weber, H. P. (1999). A radiographic evaluation of bone healing around
submerged and non-submerged dental implants in beagle dogs.
Journal of Periodontology, 70(3), 248–254. https://doi.org/10.1902/
jop.1999.70.3.248
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Fu, J.-H., Su, C.-Y., & Wang, H.-L. (2012). Esthetic soft tissue
management for teeth and implants. The Journal of Evidence-Based
Dental Practice, 12(3 Suppl), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1532-
3382(12)70025-8
Reason: other study design: systematic review
Garcia, R. V., Gabrielli, M. A. C., Hochuli-Vieira, E., Spolidorio, L. C.,
Filho, J. G. P., Neto, F. A. D., … Shibli, J. A. (2010). Effect of platelet-rich
plasma on peri-implant bone repair: A histologic study in dogs. The
Journal of Oral Implantology, 36(4), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1563/
AAID-JOI-D-09-00056
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Gates, W. D., Cooper, L. F., Sanders, A. E., Reside, G. J., & De Kok, I. J.
(2014). The effect of implant-supported removable partial dentures
on oral health quality of life. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 25(2),
207–213. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12085
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Grandi, T., Garuti, G., Guazzi, P., Tarabini, L., & Forabosco, A. (2012).
Survival and success rates of immediately and early loaded implants:
12-month results from a multicentric randomized clinical study. The
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AAID-JOI-D-10-00149
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Grassi, F. R., Capogreco, M., Consonni, D., Bilardi, G., Buti, J., & Kalemaj,
Z. (2015). Immediate occlusal loading of one-piece zirconia implants:
Five-year radiographic and clinical evaluation. The International
Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 30(3), 671–680. https://doi.
org/10.11607/jomi.3831
Reason: Other study design: no split-mouth
Gruber, R. M., Ludwig, A., Merten, H.-A., Pippig, S., Kramer, F.-J., &
Schliephake, H. (2009). Sinus floor augmentation with recombinant
human growth and differentiation factor-5 (rhGDF-5): A pilot study
in the Goettingen miniature pig comparing autogenous bone and
rhGDF-5. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 20(2), 175–182. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01628.x
Reason: animal study
Haddadi, Y., Bahrami, G., & Isidor, F. (2018). Evaluation of Operating
Time and Patient Perception Using Conventional Impression Taking
and Intraoral Scanning for Crown Manufacture: A Split-mouth,
Randomized Clinical Study. International Journal of Prosthodontics,
31(1), 55–59. https://doi.org/10.11607/ijp.5405
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Haddadi, Y., Bahrami, G., & Isidor, F. (2019). Accuracy of crowns based
on digital intraoral scanning compared to conventional impression-a
split-mouth randomised clinical study. Clinical Oral Investigations,
23(11), 4043–4050. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02840-0
Reason: other study design: no split-mouth design
Hanna, R., Trejo, P. M., & Weltman, R. L. (2004). Treatment of Intrabony
Defects With Bovine-Derived Xenograft Alone and in Combination
With Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal
of Periodontology, 75(12), 1668–1677. https://doi.org/10.1902/
jop.2004.75.12.1668
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Harris, D., Höfer, S., O’Boyle, C. A., Sheridan, S., Marley, J., Benington,
I. C., … O’Connell, B. (2013). A comparison of implant-retained
mandibular overdentures and conventional dentures on quality
of life in edentulous patients: A randomized, prospective, within-
subject controlled clinical trial. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 24(1),
96–103. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02368.x
Reason: other study design: within-subject, cross-sectional
Heidari, M., Fekrazad, R., Sobouti, F., Moharrami, M., Azizi, S.,
Nokhbatolfoghahaei, H., & Khatami, M. (2018). Evaluating the effect
of photobiomodulation with a 940-nm diode laser on post-operative
pain in periodontal flap surgery. Lasers in Medical Science, 33(8),
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G., … Laino, L. (o. J.). rhBMP-2 applied as support of distraction
osteogenesis: A split-mouth histological study over nonhuman
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Speech with maxillary implant prostheses: Ratings of articulation.
Journal of Dental Research, 83(3), 236–240. https://doi.
org/10.1177/154405910408300310
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Heydecke, Guido, Boudrias, P., Awad, M. A., De Albuquerque, R.
F., Lund, J. P., & Feine, J. S. (2003). Within-subject comparisons
of maxillary fixed and removable implant prostheses: Patient
satisfaction and choice of prosthesis. Clinical Oral Implants Research,
14(1), 125–130. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2003.140117.x
Reason: Other study design: within-subject, cross-over
Hickey, J. S., O’Neal, R. B., Scheidt, M. J., Strong, S. L., Turgeon, D., & Van
Dyke, T. E. (1991). Microbiologic characterization of ligature-induced
peri-implantitis in the microswine model. Journal of Periodontology,
62(9), 548–553. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1991.62.9.548
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Hoekstra, J. W. M., Klijn, R. J., Meijer, G. J., van den Beucken, J. J. J. P., &
Jansen, J. A. (2013). Maxillary sinus floor augmentation with injectable
calcium phosphate cements: A pre-clinical study in sheep. Clinical
Oral Implants Research, 24(2), 210–216. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-
0501.2012.02421.x
Reason: animal study
Huang, Y., Li, Z., Van Dessel, J., Salmon, B., Huang, B., Lambrichts, I.,
… Jacobs, R. (2019). Effect of platelet-rich plasma on peri-implant
trabecular bone volume and architecture: A preclinical micro-
CT study in beagle dogs. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 30(12),
1190–1199. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.13532
Reason: animal study
Huang, Y., van Dessel, J., Martens, W., Lambrichts, I., Zhong, W.-J., Ma,
G.-W., … Jacobs, R. (2015). Sensory innervation around immediately
vs. delayed loaded implants: A pilot study. International Journal of
Oral Science, 7(1), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijos.2014.53
Reason: animal study
Huh, J.-B., Kim, S.-E., Kim, H.-E., Kang, S.-S., Choi, K.-H., Jeong, C.-M.,
… Shin, S.-W. (2012). Effects of anodized implants coated with
Escherichia coli-derived rhBMP-2 in beagle dogs. International
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 41(12), 1577–1584. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2012.04.005
Reason: animal study
Huh, J.-B., Park, C.-K., Kim, S.-E., Shim, K.-M., Choi, K.-H., Kim, S.-J.,
… Shin, S.-W. (2011). Alveolar ridge augmentation using anodized
implants coated with Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human
bone morphogenetic protein 2. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral
Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics, 112(1), 42–49. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.09.063
Reason: animal study
Hung, C.-C., Fu, E., Chiu, H.-C., & Liang, H.-C. (2020). Bone formation
following sinus grafting with an alloplastic biphasic calcium
phosphate in Lanyu Taiwanese mini-pigs. Journal of Periodontology,
91(1), 93–101. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.17-0748
Reason: animal study
Hürzeler, M. B., Quiñones, C. R., Kohal, R. J., Rohde, M., Strub, J. R.,
Teuscher, U., & Caffesse, R. G. (1998). Changes in peri-implant tissues
subjected to orthodontic forces and ligature breakdown in monkeys.
Journal of Periodontology, 69(3), 396–404. https://doi.org/10.1902/
jop.1998.69.3.396
Reason: animal study
Ikeda, H., Rossouw, P. E., Campbell, P. M., Kontogiorgos, E.,
Kontogirogos, E., & Buschang, P. H. (2011). Three-dimensional analysis
of peri-bone-implant contact of rough-surface miniscrew implants.
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics:
Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists,
Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics,
139(2), e153-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.09.022
Reason: animal study
454n  Volume 37, Number 3, 2022
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NO PART MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHER.
Institut Straumann AG. (2020). A Randomized Controlled Study to
Assess Intra-patient Clinical Performance of Dental Implants With a
SLActive® vs. SLA® Surface (Clinical trial registration Nr. NCT03737357).
clinicaltrials.gov. Abgerufen von clinicaltrials.gov website: https://
clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03737357
Reason: study not completed
Jahanbakhshi, M. R., Motamedi, A. M. K., Feizbakhsh, M., &
Mogharehabed, A. (2016). The effect of buccal corticotomy on
accelerating orthodontic tooth movement of maxillary canine.
Dental Research Journal, 13(4), 303–308. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-
3327.187875
Reason: split-mouth in other disciplines
Jepsen, K., Jepsen, S., Zucchelli, G., Stefanini, M., de Sanctis, M.,
Baldini, N., … Sanz, M. (2013). Treatment of gingival recession
defects with a coronally advanced flap and a xenogeneic collagen
matrix: A multicenter randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical
Periodontology, 40(1), 82–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12019
Reason: split-mouth in other disciplines
Jokstad, A., Sanz, M., Ogawa, T., Bassi, F., Levin, L., Wennerberg,
A., & Romanos, G. E. (2016). A Systematic Review of the Role of
Implant Design in the Rehabilitation of the Edentulous Maxilla. The
International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 31 Suppl, s43-
99. https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.16suppl.g2
Reason: other study design: systematic review
Jung, G.-U., Kim, J. H., Lim, N. H., Yoon, G. H., & Han, J.-Y. (2017).
Biomechanical comparison of a novel engine-driven ridge spreader
and conventional ridge splitting techniques. Clinical Oral Implants
Research, 28(6), 689–696. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12864
Reason: animal study
Jung, R. E., Sapata, V. M., Hämmerle, C. H. F., Wu, H., Hu, X.-L., & Lin,
Y. (2018). Combined use of xenogeneic bone substitute material
covered with a native bilayer collagen membrane for alveolar ridge
preservation: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clinical Oral
Implants Research, 29(5), 522–529. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.13149
Reason: split-mouth in other disciplines
Junker, R., Manders, P. J. D., Wolke, J., Borisov, Y., Braceras, I., & Jansen,
J. A. (2011). Bone reaction adjacent to microplasma-sprayed calcium
phosphate-coated oral implants subjected to an occlusal load, an
experimental study in the dog. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 22(2),
135–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02025.x
Reason: animal study
Junker, R., Manders, P. J. D., Wolke, J., Borisov, Y., & Jansen, J. A. (2010).
Bone reaction adjacent to microplasma-sprayed CaP-coated oral
implants subjected to occlusal load, an experimental study in the
dog. Part I: Short-term results. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 21(11),
1251–1263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.01940.x
Reason: animal study
Kamburoğlu, K., Acar, B., Yüksel, S., & Paksoy, C. S. (2015). CBCT
quantitative evaluation of mandibular lingual concavities in dental
implant patients. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy: SRA, 37(10),
1209–1215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-015-1493-9
Reason: other study design: no split-mouth
Kheur, M., Harianawala, H. H., Sethi, T., Kheur, S., Acharya, A., &
Mattheos, N. (2016). Human cytomegalovirus-1 and Epstein-Barr
virus-1 viral colonization of titanium and zirconia abutments: A
split-mouth study. Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, 7(4),
396–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/jicd.12173
Reason: other study design: retrospective study
Kim, N.-H., Lee, S.-H., Ryu, J.-J., Choi, K.-H., & Huh, J.-B. (2015). Effects of
rhBMP-2 on Sandblasted and Acid Etched Titanium Implant Surfaces
on Bone Regeneration and Osseointegration: Spilt-Mouth Designed
Pilot Study. BioMed Research International, 2015, 459393. https://doi.
org/10.1155/2015/459393
Reason: animal study
Klein, M. O., & Al-Nawas, B. (2011). For which clinical indications
in dental implantology is the use of bone substitute materials
scientifically substantiated?: Systematic review, consensus
statements and recommendations of the 1st DGI Consensus
Conference in September 2010, Aerzen, Germany. European Journal
of Oral Implantology, 4, S11–S29. Scopus. Abgerufen von Scopus.
Reason: other study design: systematic review

Koch, F. P., Weng, D., Krämer, S., Biesterfeld, S., Jahn-Eimermacher,
A., & Wagner, W. (2010). Osseointegration of one-piece zirconia
implants compared with a titanium implant of identical design: A
histomorphometric study in the dog. Clinical Oral Implants Research,
21(3), 350–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01832.x
Reason: animal study
Koch, Felix Peter, Weng, D., Kramer, S., & Wagner, W. (2013). Soft
tissue healing at one-piece zirconia implants compared to titanium
and PEEK implants of identical design: A histomorphometric study
in the dog. The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative
Dentistry, 33(5), 669–677. https://doi.org/10.11607/prd.1043
Reason: animal study
Koticha, T., Fu, J.-H., Chan, H.-L., & Wang, H.-L. (2012). Influence
of thread design on implant positioning in immediate implant
placement. Journal of Periodontology, 83(11), 1420–1424. https://doi.
org/10.1902/jop.2012.110665
Reason: Cadaver Study
Kühl, S., Götz, H., Brochhausen, C., Jakse, N., Filippi, A., d’Hoedt, B.,
& Kreisler, M. (2012). The influence of substitute materials on bone
density after maxillary sinus augmentation: A microcomputed
tomography study. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial
Implants, 27(6), 1541–1546.
Reason: other study design: no split-mouth design
Lazić, Z., Golubović, M., Marković, A., Šćepanović, M., Mišić, T., &
Vlahović, Z. (2015). Immunohistochemical analysis of blood vessels in
peri-implant mucosa: A comparison between mini-incision flapless
and flap surgeries in domestic pigs. Clinical Oral Implants Research,
26(7), 775–779. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12337
Reason: animal study
Lee, S.-A., Lee, C.-T., Fu, M. M., Elmisalati, W., & Chuang, S.-K. (2014).
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
for the management of limited vertical height in the posterior region:
Short implants (5 to 8 mm) vs longer implants (> 8 mm) in vertically
augmented sites. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial
Implants, 29(5), 1085–1097. https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.3504
Reason: other study design: systematic review
Leknes, K. N., Yang, J., Qahash, M., Polimeni, G., Susin, C., & Wikesjö,
U. M. E. (2008a). Alveolar ridge augmentation using implants
coated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2:
Radiographic observations. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 19(10),
1027–1033. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01567.x
Reason: animal study
Leknes, K. N., Yang, J., Qahash, M., Polimeni, G., Susin, C., & Wikesjö,
U. M. E. (2008b). Alveolar ridge augmentation using implants
coated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7
(rhBMP-7/rhOP-1): Radiographic observations. Journal of Clinical
Periodontology, 35(10), 914–919. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-
051X.2008.01308.x
Reason: animal study
Leknes, K. N., Yang, J., Qahash, M., Polimeni, G., Susin, C., & Wikesjö,
U. M. E. (2013). Alveolar ridge augmentation using implants coated
with recombinant human growth/differentiation factor -5 (rhGDF-5).
Radiographic observations. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 24(11),
1185–1191. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02564.x
Reason: animal study
Li, D., Ferguson, S. J., Beutler, T., Cochran, D. L., Sittig, C., Hirt, H. P., &
Buser, D. (2002). Biomechanical comparison of the sandblasted and
acid-etched and the machined and acid-etched titanium surface
for dental implants. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 60(2),
325–332. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.10063
Reason: animal study
Lu, W., Xu, J., Wang, H.-M., & He, F.-M. (2018). Influence of Lateral
Windows with Decreased Vertical Height Following Maxillary Sinus
Floor Augmentation: A 1-year Clinical and Radiographic Study. The
International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 33(3), 661–670.
https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.6213
Reason: other study design: no split-mouth
MacEntee, M. I., Walton, J. N., & Glick, N. (2005). A clinical trial of
patient satisfaction and prosthodontic needs with ball and bar
attachments for implant-retained complete overdentures: Three-year
© 2022 BY QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO, INC. PRINTING OF THIS DOCUMENT IS RESTRICTED TO PERSONAL USE ONLY.
NO PART MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHER.
Pfannenstiel et al
results. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 93(1), 28–37. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2004.10.013
Reason: other study design: no split-mouth
Madi, M., & Alagl, A. S. (2018). The Effect of Different Implant Surfaces
and Photodynamic Therapy on Periodontopathic Bacteria Using
TaqMan PCR Assay following Peri-Implantitis Treatment in Dog
Model. BioMed Research International, 2018, 7570105. https://doi.
org/10.1155/2018/7570105
Reason: animal study
Marcelis, K., Vercruyssen, M., Nicu, E., Naert, I., & Quirynen, M.
(2012). Sleeping vs. Loaded implants, long-term observations via
a retrospective analysis. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 23(9),
1118–1122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02263.x
Reason: Other study design: retrospective study
Marco Esposito, M. G., Coulthard, P., & Worthington, H. V. (2006).
The Efficacy of Various Bone Augmentation Procedures for Dental
Implants: A Cochrane Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled
Clinical Trials. 21(5), 15.
Reason: other study design: meta-analysis
Margossian, P., Mariani, P., Stephan, G., Margerit, J., & Jorgensen, C.
(2012). Immediate Loading of Mandibular Dental Implants in Partially
Edentulous Patients: A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study.
Restorative Dentistry, 32(2), 8.
Reason: other study design: no split-mouth design
Marin, S., Popović-Pejičić, S., Radošević-Carić, B., Trtić, N., Tatić, Z., &
Selaković, S. (2020). Hyaluronic acid treatment outcome on the post-
extraction wound healing in patients with poorly controlled type
2 diabetes: A randomized controlled split-mouth study. Medicina
Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal, 25(2), e154–e160. https://doi.
org/10.4317/medoral.23061
Reason: split-mouth in other disciplines
Massey, C. C., Kontogiorgos, E., Taylor, R., Opperman, L., Dechow, P.,
& Buschang, P. H. (2012). Effect of force on alveolar bone surrounding
miniscrew implants: A 3-dimensional microcomputed tomography
study. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics:
Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its
Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics, 142(1),
32–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.01.016
Reason: animal study
Melsen, B., Huja, S. S., Chien, H.-H., & Dalstra, M. (2015). Alveolar bone
preservation subsequent to miniscrew implant placement in a canine
model. Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research, 18(2), 77–85. https://
doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12058
Reason: animal study
Mericske-Stern, R., Probst, D., Fahrländer, F., & Schellenberg, M. (2009).
Within-subject comparison of two rigid bar designs connecting two
interforaminal implants: Patients’ satisfaction and prosthetic results.
Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 11(3), 228–237.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8208.2008.00109.x
Reason: other study design: within-subject, cross-over
Monov, G., Fuerst, G., Tepper, G., Watzak, G., Zechner, W., & Watzek,
G. (2005). The effect of platelet-rich plasma upon implant stability
measured by resonance frequency analysis in the lower anterior
mandibles. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 16(4), 461–465. https://
doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2005.01157.x
Reason: other study design: non-randomised
Moore, C., Campbell, P. M., Dechow, P. C., Ellis, M. L., & Buschang,
P. H. (2011). Effects of latency on the quality and quantity of bone
produced by dentoalveolar distraction osteogenesis. American
Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics: Official
Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its
Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics,
140(4), 470–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2011.05.016
Reason: animal study
Moraschini, V., Poubel, L. A. da C., Ferreira, V. F., & Barboza, E. dos S.
P. (2015). Evaluation of survival and success rates of dental implants
reported in longitudinal studies with a follow-up period of at least 10
years: A systematic review. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial
Surgery, 44(3), 377–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2014.10.023
Reason: other study design: systematic review
The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants  454o
Pfannenstiel et al
Mortensen, M. G., Buschang, P. H., Oliver, D. R., Kyung, H.-M., &
Behrents, R. G. (2009). Stability of immediately loaded 3- and 6-mm
miniscrew implants in beagle dogs—A pilot study. American Journal
of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics: Official Publication of
the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies,
and the American Board of Orthodontics, 136(2), 251–259. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.03.016
Reason: animal study
Mossad, E. M. E. M. (2014). Split Mouth Clinical Study to Compare
the Secondary Stability of Dental Implants Using Immediate
Gradual Loading Versus Early Loading Protocol in Posterior
Maxilla. A Randomized Controlled Trial (Clinical trial registration Nr.
NCT02309125). clinicaltrials.gov. Abgerufen von clinicaltrials.gov
website: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02309125
Reason: study not completed
Mueller, C. K., Thorwarth, M., Chen, J., & Schultze-Mosgau, S. (2012). A
laboratory study comparing the effect of ridge exposure using tissue
punch versus mucoperiosteal flap on the formation of the implant-
epithelial junction. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology
and Oral Radiology, 114(5 Suppl), S41-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
tripleo.2011.08.019
Reason: animal study
Mueller, C. K., Thorwarth, M., & Schultze-Mosgau, S. (2012). Analysis
of inflammatory periimplant lesions during a 12-week period of
undisturbed plaque accumulation—A comparison between flapless
and flap surgery in the mini-pig. Clinical Oral Investigations, 16(2),
379–385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-011-0546-7
Reason: animal study
Mühlemann, S., Greter, E. A., Park, J.-M., Hämmerle, C. H. F., &
Thoma, D. S. (2018). Precision of digital implant models compared to
conventional implant models for posterior single implant crowns:
A within-subject comparison. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 29(9),
931–936. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.13349
Reason: other study design: within-subject design, no split-mouth
Mylanus, E. A. M., Hua, H., Wigren, S., Arndt, S., Skarzynski, P. H., Telian,
S. A., & Briggs, R. J. S. (2020a). Multicenter Clinical Investigation of a
New Active Osseointegrated Steady-State Implant System. Otology &
Neurotology: Official Publication of the American Otological Society,
American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology
and Neurotology. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000002794
Reason: split-mouth in other disciplines
Mylanus, E. A. M., Hua, H., Wigren, S., Arndt, S., Skarzynski, P. H., Telian,
S. A., & Briggs, R. J. S. (2020b). Multicenter Clinical Investigation of a
New Active Osseointegrated Steady-State Implant System. Otology
& Neurotology: Official Publication of the American Otological
Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of
Otology and Neurotology, 41(9), 1249–1257. https://doi.org/10.1097/
MAO.0000000000002794
Reason: split-mouth in other disciplines
Nadershah, M., & Zahid, T. M. (2019). Use of Autogenous Dentin
Graft in Mandibular Third Molar Extraction Sockets: A Split-Mouth
Randomized Double-Blind Study. 7.
Reason: split-mouth in other disciplines
Nanoker Research S.L. (2020). Non-invasive Solution for Periodontal
and Peri-implant Diseases (Clinical trial registration Nr. NCT03977714).
clinicaltrials.gov. Abgerufen von clinicaltrials.gov website: https://
clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03977714
Reason: study not completed
Neiva, R. F., Gil, L. F., Tovar, N., Janal, M. N., Marao, H. F., Bonfante, E. A.,
… Coelho, P. G. (2016). The Synergistic Effect of Leukocyte Platelet-
Rich Fibrin and Micrometer/Nanometer Surface Texturing on Bone
Healing around Immediately Placed Implants: An Experimental Study
in Dogs. BioMed Research International, 2016, 9507342. https://doi.
org/10.1155/2016/9507342
Reason: animal study
Nguyen, V. G., von Krockow, N., Weigl, P., & Depprich, R. (2016). Lateral
Alveolar Ridge Expansion in the Anterior Maxilla Using Piezoelectric
Surgery for Immediate Implant Placement. The International
Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 31(3), 687–699. https://doi.
454p  Volume 37, Number 3, 2022
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NO PART MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHER.
org/10.11607/jomi.4214
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
no author. (2014). Lasers in Dentistry XX. 8929. Scopus. Abgerufen
von Scopus.
Reason: conference review
Oltra, D. P. (2018). Clinical, Radiological and Microbiological Outcomes
of Implants With Two Different Connection Configurations, a Split-
mouth RCT. (Clinical trial registration Nr. NCT03528330). clinicaltrials.
gov. Abgerufen von clinicaltrials.gov website: https://clinicaltrials.
gov/ct2/show/NCT03528330
Reason: study not completed
Owais, A. (2018). A Clinical Trial Comparing Isolite® vs Cotton Roll
Isolation in the Placement of Dental Sealants (Clinical trial registration
Nr. NCT02668874). clinicaltrials.gov. Abgerufen von clinicaltrials.gov
website: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02668874
Reason: split-mouth in other discipline
Owens, S. E., Buschang, P. H., Cope, J. B., Franco, P. F., & Rossouw,
P. E. (2007). Experimental evaluation of tooth movement in the
beagle dog with the mini-screw implant for orthodontic anchorage.
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics:
Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists,
Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics,
132(5), 639–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.07.034
Reason: animal study
Oz, A. A., Arici, N., & Arici, S. (2011). The clinical and laboratory
effects of bracket type during canine distalization with sliding
mechanics. The Angle Orthodontist, 82(2), 326–332. https://doi.
org/10.2319/032611-215.1
Reason: no implant dentistry
Papaspyridakos, P., Benic, G. I., Hogsett, V. L., White, G. S., Lal, K.,
& Gallucci, G. O. (2012). Accuracy of implant casts generated with
splinted and non-splinted impression techniques for edentulous
patients: An optical scanning study. Clinical Oral Implants Research,
23(6), 676–681. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02219.x
Reason: in-vitro study
Pérez-Albacete Martínez, C., Vlahović, Z., Šćepanović, M., Videnović, G.,
Barone, A., & Calvo-Guirado, J. L. (2016). Submerged flapless technique
vs. conventional flap approach for implant placement: Experimental
domestic pig study with 12-month follow-up. Clinical Oral Implants
Research, 27(8), 964–968. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12665
Reason: animal study
Pigozzo, M. N., Rebelo da Costa, T., Sesma, N., & Laganá, D. C. (2018).
Immediate versus early loading of single dental implants: A systematic
review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 120(1),
25–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.12.006
Reason: other study design: systematic review
Proussaefs, P., Lozada, J., & Kim, J. (2003). Effects of sealing the
perforated sinus membrane with a resorbable collagen membrane:
A pilot study in humans. The Journal of Oral Implantology, 29(5),
235–241. https://doi.org/10.1563/1548-1336(2003)029<0235:EOSTPS
>2.3.CO;2
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Proussaefs, P., Lozada, J., Kim, J., & Rohrer, M. D. (2004). Repair of the
perforated sinus membrane with a resorbable collagen membrane:
A human study. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial
Implants, 19(3), 413–420.
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Qian, S.-J., Mo, J.-J., Shi, J.-Y., Gu, Y.-X., Si, M.-S., & Lai, H.-C. (2018). Endo-
sinus bone formation after transalveolar sinus floor elevation without
grafting with simultaneous implant placement: Histological and
histomorphometric assessment in a dog model. Journal of Clinical
Periodontology, 45(9), 1118–1127. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12975
Reason: animal study
Ramos, U. D., Suaid, F., Wikesjö, U. M. E., Susin, C., Vital, P. C., de Souza,
S. L. S., … Novaes, A. B. (2018). Microbiologic effect of two topical
anti-infective treatments on ligature-induced peri-implantitis: A pilot
study in dogs. Journal of Periodontology, 89(8), 995–1002. https://doi.
org/10.1002/JPER.17-0630
Reason: animal study

Rutledge, J., Schieber, M. D., Chamberlain, J. M., Byarlay, M., Killeen,
A. C., Giannini, P. J., … Reinhardt, R. A. (2011). Simvastatin application
to augment facial jaw bone in a dog model: Pilot study. Journal of
Periodontology, 82(4), 597–605. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2010.100214
Reason: animal study
Sameera, S., Aravind Kumar, P., Nagasri, M., Indeevar, P., & Raviraj,
K. (2018). ENAP vs LANAP: Assessment of revascularization using
ultrasound Doppler flowmetry—a split-mouth randomized
controlled clinical trial. Lasers in Medical Science, 33(6), 1181–1188.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-018-2451-7
Reason: split-mouth in other disciplines
Sauerbier, S., Stubbe, K., Maglione, M., Haberstroh, J., Kuschnierz, J.,
Oshima, T., … Gutwald, R. (2010). Mesenchymal stem cells and bovine
bone mineral in sinus lift procedures—An experimental study in
sheep. Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods, 16(5), 1033–1039. https://
doi.org/10.1089/ten.TEC.2009.0734
Reason: animal study
Schepke, U., Meijer, H. J. A., Kerdijk, W., & Cune, M. S. (2015). Digital
versus analog complete-arch impressions for single-unit premolar
implant crowns: Operating time and patient preference. The Journal
of Prosthetic Dentistry, 114(3), 403-406.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
prosdent.2015.04.003
Reason: other study design: no-split-mouth
Schiegnitz, E., Palarie, V., Nacu, V., Al-Nawas, B., & Kämmerer, P. W.
(2014). Vertical osteoconductive characteristics of titanium implants
with calcium-phosphate-coated surfaces—A pilot study in rabbits.
Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 16(2), 194–201.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8208.2012.00469.x
Reason: animal study
Schincaglia, G. P., Kim, Y. K., Piva, R., Sobue, T., Torreggiani, E.,
& Kalajzic, I. (2017). Osteogenesis During Early Healing Around
Titanium and Roxolid Implants: Evaluation of Bone Markers by
Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR Analysis in Miniature Pigs: A Pilot
Study. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 32(1),
42–51. https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.4859
Reason: animal study
Schlegel, K. A., Zimmermann, R., Thorwarth, M., Neukam, F.-W.,
Klongnoi, B., Nkenke, E., & Felszeghy, E. (2007). Sinus floor elevation
using autogenous bone or bone substitute combined with platelet-
rich plasma. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral
Radiology, and Endodontics, 104(3), e15-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
tripleo.2007.04.021
Reason: animal study
Schwarz, F., Herten, M., Ferrari, D., Wieland, M., Schmitz, L.,
Engelhardt, E., & Becker, J. (2007). Guided bone regeneration at
dehiscence-type defects using biphasic hydroxyapatite + beta
tricalcium phosphate (Bone Ceramic) or a collagen-coated natural
bone mineral (BioOss Collagen): An immunohistochemical study in
dogs. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 36(12),
1198–1206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2007.07.014
Reason: animal study
Schwarz, F., Olivier, W., Herten, M., Sager, M., Chaker, A., & Becker, J.
(2007). Influence of implant bed preparation using an Er:YAG laser on
the osseointegration of titanium implants: A histomorphometrical
study in dogs. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 34(4), 273–281. https://
doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2006.01704.x
Reason: animal study
Schwarz, Frank, Herten, M., Sager, M., Wieland, M., Dard, M., & Becker,
J. (2007). Bone regeneration in dehiscence-type defects at chemically
modified (SLActive) and conventional SLA titanium implants: A
pilot study in dogs. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 34(1), 78–86.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.01008.x
Reason: animal study
Schwarz, Frank, Jepsen, S., Herten, M., Sager, M., Rothamel, D., &
Becker, J. (2006). Influence of different treatment approaches on
non-submerged and submerged healing of ligature induced peri-
implantitis lesions: An experimental study in dogs. Journal of Clinical
Periodontology, 33(8), 584–595. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-
051X.2006.00956.x
Reason: animal study
© 2022 BY QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO, INC. PRINTING OF THIS DOCUMENT IS RESTRICTED TO PERSONAL USE ONLY.
NO PART MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHER.
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Schwarz, Frank, Mihatovic, I., Golubovic, V., Bradu, S., Sager,
M., & Becker, J. (2015). Impact of plaque accumulation on the
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A histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Clinical Oral
Implants Research, 26(11), 1281–1287. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12452
Reason: animal study
Schwarz, Frank, Mihatovic, I., Golubovic, V., Eick, S., Iglhaut, T., &
Becker, J. (2014). Experimental peri-implant mucositis at different
implant surfaces. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 41(5), 513–520.
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Reason: animal study
Schwarz, Frank, Mihatovic, I., Golubovich, V., Schär, A., Sager, M., &
Becker, J. (2015). Impact of abutment microstructure and insertion
depth on crestal bone changes at nonsubmerged titanium implants
with platform switch. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 26(3), 287–292.
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Schwarz, Frank, Sager, M., Kadelka, I., Ferrari, D., & Becker, J. (2010).
Influence of titanium implant surface characteristics on bone
regeneration in dehiscence-type defects: An experimental study in
dogs. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 37(5), 466–473. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01533.x
Reason: animal study
Schwarz, Frank, Sahm, N., Mihatovic, I., Golubovic, V., & Becker, J.
(2011). Surgical therapy of advanced ligature-induced peri-implantitis
defects: Cone-beam computed tomographic and histological
analysis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 38(10), 939–949. https://
doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01739.x
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Sennerby, L., & Gottlow, J. (2008). Clinical outcomes of immediate/
early loading of dental implants. A literature review of recent
controlled prospective clinical studies. Australian Dental Journal,
53(s1), S82–S88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.00045.x
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implants in patients with peri-implantitis. Journal of Biomechanics,
44(2), 267–271. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.10.014
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Shi, B., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y. N., & Cheng, X. R. (2007). Alveolar ridge
preservation prior to implant placement with surgical-grade calcium
sulfate and platelet-rich plasma: A pilot study in a canine model. The
International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 22(4), 656–665.
Reason: animal study
Shibli, J. A., Martins, M. C., Ribeiro, F. S., Garcia, V. G., Nociti, F. H., &
Marcantonio, E. (2006). Lethal photosensitization and guided bone
regeneration in treatment of peri-implantitis: An experimental study
in dogs. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 17(3), 273–281. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2005.01167.x
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Siar, C. H., Toh, C. G., Ali, T. B. T., Seiz, D., & Ong, S. T. (2012).
Dimensional profile of oral mucosa around combined tooth-
implant-supported bridgework in macaque mandible. Clinical Oral
Implants Research, 23(4), 438–446. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-
0501.2010.02145.x
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Sirak, S. V., Shchetinin, E. V., Bobryshev, D. V., Fritsch, T., Giesenhagen,
B., Petrosyan, G. G., … Grimm, W.-D. (2017). Osteoporotic sheep
mandibular model for comparative alveolar bone healing research.
Medical News of North Caucasus, 12(3), 284–289. Scopus. https://doi.
org/10.14300/mnnc.2017.12091
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Smaïl-Faugeron, V., Fron-Chabouis, H., Courson, F., & Durieux,
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parallel-arm randomized controlled trials: A meta-epidemiological
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org/10.1186/1471-2288-14-64
Reason: other study design: meta-analysis
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Song, D., Huang, Y., Van Dessel, J., Shujaat, S., Orhan, K.,
Vangansewinkel, T., … Jacobs, R. (2019). Effect of platelet-rich and
platelet-poor plasma on peri-implant innervation in dog mandibles.
International Journal of Implant Dentistry, 5(1), 40. https://doi.
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Stamatović, N., Matić, S., Lazić, Z., & Tatić, Z. (2006). [Mobility of B.C.T.
dental implants inserted by one- and two-phase surgical method—
An experimental study]. Vojnosanitetski Pregled, 63(10), 867–872.
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Reason: animal study
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the atrophic posterior mandible with interpositional autogenous
bone block graft compared with bone substitute material: A
systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Oral &
Maxillofacial Surgery, 58(10), e237–e247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
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Stentz, W. C., Mealey, B. L., Gunsolley, J. C., & Waldrop, T. C. (1997).
Effects of guided bone regeneration around commercially pure
titanium and hydroxyapatite-coated dental implants. II. Histologic
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org/10.1902/jop.1997.68.10.933
Reason: animal study
Stentz, W. C., Mealey, B. L., Nummikoski, P. V., Gunsolley, J. C., &
Waldrop, T. C. (1997). Effects of guided bone regeneration around
commercially pure titanium and hydroxyapatite-coated dental
implants. I. Radiographic analysis. Journal of Periodontology, 68(3),
199–208. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1997.68.3.199
Reason: animal study
Tabanella, G., Nowzari, H., & Slots, J. (2009). Clinical and
microbiological determinants of ailing dental implants. Clinical
Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 11(1), 24–36. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1708-8208.2008.00088.x
Reason: other study design: non-randomised
Taiyeb-Ali, T. B., Toh, C. G., Siar, C. H., Seiz, D., & Ong, S. T. (2009).
Influence of abutment design on clinical status of peri-implant
tissues. Implant Dentistry, 18(5), 438–446. https://doi.org/10.1097/
ID.0b013e3181ad8e7a
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Tambella, A. M., Bartocetti, F., Rossi, G., Galosi, L., Catone, G., Falcone,
A., & Vullo, C. (2020). Effects of Autologous Platelet-Rich Fibrin in
Post-Extraction Alveolar Sockets: A Randomized, Controlled Split-
Mouth Trial in Dogs with Spontaneous Periodontal Disease. Animals:
An Open Access Journal from MDPI, 10(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/
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Tang, L., Lund, J. P., Taché, R., Clokie, C. M., & Feine, J. S. (1999). A
within-subject comparison of mandibular long-bar and hybrid
implant-supported prostheses: Evaluation of masticatory function.
Journal of Dental Research, 78(9), 1544–1553. https://doi.org/10.1177/
00220345990780090901
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Tekin, M. B., & Toker, H. (2019). The effect of hyperlipidemia on bone
graft regeneration of peri-implantal created defects in rabbits.
International Journal of Implant Dentistry, 5(1), 18. https://doi.
org/10.1186/s40729-019-0170-x
Reason: animal study
Testori, T., Galli, F., Capelli, M., Zuffetti, F., & Esposito, M. (2007).
Immediate nonocclusal versus early loading of dental implants
in partially edentulous patients: 1-year results from a multicenter,
randomized controlled clinical trial. The International Journal of Oral
& Maxillofacial Implants, 22(5), 815–822.
Reason: other study design: no split-mouth design
Teughels, W., Van Assche, N., Sliepen, I., & Quirynen, M. (2006). Effect
of material characteristics and/or surface topography on biofilm
development. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 17 Suppl 2, 68–81.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01353.x
Reason: other study design: systematic review
454r  Volume 37, Number 3, 2022
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NO PART MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHER.
Thoma, D. S., Gamper, F. B., Sapata, V. M., Voce, G., Hämmerle, C. H. F.,
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subject controlled clinical trial. Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related
Research, 19(4), 760–766. https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.12488
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Thoma, D. S., Sancho-Puchades, M., Ettlin, D. A., Hämmerle, C. H.
F., & Jung, R. E. (2012). Impact of a collagen matrix on early healing,
aesthetics and patient morbidity in oral mucosal wounds—A
randomized study in humans. Journal of Clinical Periodontology,
39(2), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01823.x
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Thomé, G., Sandgren, R., Bernardes, S., Trojan, L., Warfving, N., Bellón,
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molded 2-piece ceramic dental implant: A study in minipigs. Clinical
Oral Investigations. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03513-z
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Thorat, M., Baghele, O. N., & S, R. P. (2017). Adjunctive Effect of
Autologous Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the Treatment of Intrabony
Defects in Localized Aggressive Periodontitis Patients: A Randomized
Controlled Split-Mouth Clinical Trial. The International Journal of
Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry, 37(6), e302–e309. https://doi.
org/10.11607/prd.2972
Reason: split-mouth in other disciplines
Uehara, P. N., Matsubara, V. H., Igai, F., Sesma, N., Mukai, M. K., &
Araujo, M. G. (2018). Short Dental Implants (≤7mm) Versus Longer
Implants in Augmented Bone Area: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized
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doi.org/10.2174/1874210601812010354
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Stability changes of miniscrew implants over time. The Angle
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Van Brakel, R., Meijer, G. J., de Putter, C., Verhoeven, J. W., Jansen, J.,
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parameters with histologic observations in relatively healthy
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https://doi.org/10.11607/ijp.3922
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Reason: cadaver Study
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Viscioni, A., Franco, M., Paolin, A., Cogliati, E., Callegari, M., Zollino, I.,
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implant soft tissue response after dental implant placement with flap
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Molar Uprighting for Implant Site Development: Two Case Reports
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Wildburger, A., Bubalo, V., Magyar, M., Nagursky, H., Jakse, N.,
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Comparing an In Situ Hardening Biphasic Calcium Phosphate
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Tricalcium Phosphate) Bone Graft Substitute: An Experimental Study
in Sheep. Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods, 23(7), 404–411. https://
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Evidence-Based Dentistry, 21(3), 92–93. https://doi.org/10.1038/
s41432-020-0112-8
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Yu, X.-L., Chan, Y., Zhuang, L.-F., Lai, H.-C., Lang, N. P., Lacap-
Bugler, D. C., … Watt, R. M. (2016). Distributions of Synergistetes
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in clinically-healthy and diseased periodontal and peri-implant
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Reason: other study designs: non-randomized
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of 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Rinsing on Previously Plaque-Free
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Reason: split-mouth in other disciplines
Zanatta, Fabrício Batistin, Antoniazzi, R. P., & Rösing, C. K. (2010).
Staining and calculus formation after 0.12% chlorhexidine rinses in
plaque-free and plaque covered surfaces: A randomized trial. Journal
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Reason: split-mouth in other disciplines
Zembic, A., Tahmaseb, A., & Wismeijer, D. (2015). Within-Subject
Comparison of Maxillary Implant-Supported Overdentures with and
without Palatal Coverage. Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related
Research, 17(3), 570–579. https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.12125
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S3. Excluded documents after assessment of
full-text with reasons for exclusion
Adánez, M. H., Brezavšček, M., Vach, K., Fonseca, M., & Att, W. (2018).
Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Short Implants Placed in the
Posterior Mandible: A 1-Year Pilot Split-Mouth Study. The Journal
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Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Ahmed, M., Abu Shama, A., Hamdy, R. M., & Ezz, M. (2017).
Bioresorbable versus titanium space-maintaining mesh in maxillary
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Reason: other study design: non-randomized
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Sinus Lift Techniques with Dental Implants Placements: Short
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Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Al-Juboori, M. J., bin Abdulrahaman, S., Subramaniam, R., & Tawfiq, O.
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Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Aravena, P. C., Barrientos, C., Troncoso, C., Coronado, C., & Sotelo-
Hitschfeld, P. (2018). Effect of warming anesthetic on pain perception
during dental injection: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Local
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Reason: split-mouth in other disciplines
Attia, S., Narberhaus, C., Schaaf, H., Streckbein, P., Pons-Kühnemann,
J., Schmitt, C., … Böttger, S. (2020a). Long-Term Influence of Platelet-
Rich Plasma (PRP) on Dental Implants after Maxillary Augmentation:
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https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020391
Reason: RCT with unclear design
Attia, S., Narberhaus, C., Schaaf, H., Streckbein, P., Pons-Kühnemann,
J., Schmitt, C., … Böttger, S. (2020b). Long-Term Influence of Platelet-
Rich Plasma (PRP) on Dental Implants after Maxillary Augmentation:
Retrospective Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of a Randomized
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org/10.3390/jcm9020355
Reason: RCT with unclear design
Barclay, C. W., Last, K. S., & Williams, R. (1996). The clinical assessment
of a ceramic-coated transmucosal dental implant collar. The
International Journal of Prosthodontics, 9(5), 466–472.
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
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Becker, K., Klitzsch, I., Stauber, M., & Schwarz, F. (2017). Three-
dimensional assessment of crestal bone levels at titanium implants
with different abutment microstructures and insertion depths using
micro-computed tomography. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 28(6),
671–676. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12860
Reason: animal study
Benić, G. I., Jung, R. E., Siegenthaler, D. W., & Hämmerle, C. H. F. (2009).
Clinical and radiographic comparison of implants in regenerated
or native bone: 5-year results. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 20(5),
507–513. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01583.x
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Camarda, A. J. (2020). Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Evaluating the Effect of Different Implant Collar Lengths on Peri-
Implant Bone and Soft Tissue Healing After 23-26 Years of Function
With Full Arch Fixed Mandibular Prostheses (Clinical trial registration
Nr. NCT03862482). clinicaltrials.gov. Abgerufen von clinicaltrials.gov
website: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03862482
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Caubet, J., Ramis, J. M., Ramos-Murguialday, M., Morey, M. Á., &
Monjo, M. (2015). Gene expression and morphometric parameters
of human bone biopsies after maxillary sinus floor elevation with
autologous bone combined with Bio-Oss® or BoneCeramic®. Clinical
Oral Implants Research, 26(6), 727–735. https://doi.org/10.1111/
clr.12380
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Chaushu, L., Silva, E. R., Balan, V. F., Chaushu, G., & Xavier, S. P. (2020).
Sinus augmentation - autograft vs. fresh frozen allograft: Bone
density dynamics and implant stability. Journal of Stomatology,
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jormas.2020.08.012
Reason: full text not available
Chuang, S. K., Cai, T., Douglass, C. W., Wei, L. J., & Dodson, T. B. (2005).
Frailty approach for the analysis of clustered failure time observations
in dental research. Journal of Dental Research, 84(1), 54–58. https://
doi.org/10.1177/154405910508400109
Reason: other study design: retrospective clustered observation
Crespi, R., Capparè, P., & Gherlone, E. (2011). Comparison of
magnesium-enriched hydroxyapatite and porcine bone in human
extraction socket healing: A histologic and histomorphometric
evaluation. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants,
26(5), 1057–1062.
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Cruz, M. (2002). Long-term Assay of Iodoform Pomade in the Bacterial
Control of the Inner Ambient of Dental Implants: A Randomized
Clinical Trial. The Clinest International Journal of Oral Science, 15, 1–13.
Reason: RCT with unclear design
del Canto-Díaz, A., de Elío-Oliveros, J., del Canto-Díaz, M., Alobera-
Gracia, M.-A., del Canto-Pingarrón, M., & Martínez-González, J.-M.
(2019). Use of autologous tooth-derived graft material in the post-
extraction dental socket. Pilot study. Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y
Cirugía Bucal, 24(1), e53–e60. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.22536
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Dentsply Implants Manufacturing GmbH. (2018). A Randomized,
Prospective, International, Multi-center Clinical Study to Evaluate the
Peri-implant Tissue Outcome of Abutment-supported XiVE® CAD/
CAM Supra-structures and Directly Implant-supported XiVE® CAD/
CAM Supra-structures (Split-mouth) in Partly Edentulous Human
Subjects. (Clinical trial registration Nr. NCT01522365). clinicaltrials.
gov. Abgerufen von clinicaltrials.gov website: https://clinicaltrials.
gov/ct2/show/NCT01522365
Reason: study not completed
Di Stefano, D. A., Arosio, P., Pagnutti, S., Vinci, R., & Gherlone, E. F.
(2019). Distribution of Trabecular Bone Density in the Maxilla and
Mandible. Implant Dentistry, 28(4), 340–348. https://doi.org/10.1097/
ID.0000000000000893
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Doan, N., & Duong, Q. T. (2018). An Evaluation on the Therapeutic
Effects of MLS Laser on the Outcomes of Flapless Dental Implant
Surgery in Posterior Maxilla of Post Menopause Women. In T. Vo
454t  Volume 37, Number 3, 2022
© 2022 BY QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO, INC. PRINTING OF THIS DOCUMENT IS RESTRICTED TO PERSONAL USE ONLY.
NO PART MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHER.
Van, T. A. Nguyen Le, & T. Nguyen Duc (Hrsg.), 6th International
Conference on the Development of Biomedical Engineering in
Vietnam (BME6) (S. 615–619). Singapore: Springer. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-981-10-4361-1_105
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Doornewaard, R., Glibert, M., Matthys, C., Vervaeke, S., Bronkhorst, E.,
& de Bruyn, H. (2019). Improvement of Quality of Life with Implant-
Supported Mandibular Overdentures and the Effect of Implant Type
and Surgical Procedure on Bone and Soft Tissue Stability: A Three-
Year Prospective Split-Mouth Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(6).
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060773
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Elgendy, E. A., & Abo Shady, T. E. (2015). Clinical and radiographic
evaluation of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite with or without
platelet-rich fibrin membrane in the treatment of periodontal
intrabony defects. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 19(1),
61–65. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-124X.148639
Reason: split-mouth in other disciplines
Farias, R. (2018). Comment on „Low-level laser therapy with 940 nm
diode laser on stability of dental implants: A randomized controlled
clinical trial“. Lasers in Medical Science, 33(5), 1179. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s10103-017-2418-0
Reason: other study design: no split-mouth design
Fueki, K., Roumanas, E. D., Blackwell, K. E., Freymiller, E., Abemayor,
E., Wong, W. K., … Garrett, N. (2014). Effect of implant support for
prostheses on electromyographic activity of masseter muscle
and jaw movement in patients after mandibular fibula free flap
reconstruction. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial
Implants, 29(1), 162–170. https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.3197
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Gamper, F. B., Benic, G. I., Sanz-Martin, I., Asgeirsson, A. G., Hämmerle,
C. H. F., & Thoma, D. S. (2017). Randomized controlled clinical trial
comparing one-piece and two-piece dental implants supporting
fixed and removable dental prostheses: 4- to 6-year observations.
Clinical Oral Implants Research, 28(12), 1553–1559. https://doi.
org/10.1111/clr.13025
Reason: other study design: no split-mouth design
García-Denche, J. T., Wu, X., Martinez, P.-P., Eimar, H., Ikbal, D. J.-A.,
Hernández, G., … Tamimi, F. (2013). Membranes over the lateral
window in sinus augmentation procedures: A two-arm and split-
mouth randomized clinical trials. Journal of Clinical Periodontology,
40(11), 1043–1051. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12153
Reason: combination of designs
Gonçalves, N. dos S. (2018). The influence of L-PRF in socket healing
with immediate implants: Proposal of a prospective randomized
split-mouth study design. Abgerufen 1. Februar 2021, von Undefined
website: /paper/The-influence-of-L-PRF-in-socket-healing-with-of-a-
Gon%C3%A7alves/775e49852b3549f4e6fe5e74294ea56e3c29761d
Reason: no paper available
Goshaderoo, A. (2019). Effect of light emitting diode
photobiomodulation on the stability of dental implants in bone
grafted cases: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial (PhD Thesis).
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of dentistry.
Reason: no paper available
Güncü, M. B., Cakan, U., Aktas, G., Güncü, G. N., & Canay, Ş. (2016).
Comparison of implant versus tooth-supported zirconia-based single
crowns in a split-mouth design: A 4-year clinical follow-up study.
Clinical Oral Investigations, 20(9), 2467–2473. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00784-016-1763-x
Reason: other study design: non-randomised
Heidari, M., Paknejad, M., Jamali, R., Nokhbatolfoghahaei, H.,
Fekrazad, R., & Moslemi, N. (2017). Effect of laser photobiomodulation
on wound healing and postoperative pain following free gingival
graft: A split-mouth triple-blind randomized controlled clinical
trial. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. B, Biology, 172,
109–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.022
Reason: split-mouth in other study disciplines
Hita-Iglesias, C., Sánchez-Sánchez, F. J., Montero, J., Galindo-
Moreno, P., Mesa, F., Martínez-Lara, I., & Sánchez-Fernández, E.

(2016). Immediate Implants Placed in Fresh Sockets Associated with
Periapical Pathology: A Split-Mouth Design and Survival Evaluation
after 1-Year Follow-Up. Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related
Research, 18(6), 1075–1083. https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.12387
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Hosny, M., Duyck, J., van Steenberghe, D., & Naert, I. (2000). Within-
subject comparison between connected and nonconnected tooth-
to-implant fixed partial prostheses: Up to 14-year follow-up study.
The International Journal of Prosthodontics, 13(4), 340–346.
Reason: full text not available
Hosseini, M., Worsaae, N., Schiodt, M., & Gotfredsen, K. (2011). A 1-year
randomised controlled trial comparing zirconia versus metal-ceramic
implant supported single-tooth restorations. European Journal of
Oral Implantology, 4(4), 347–361.
Reason: combination of designs
Hunt, B. W., Sandifer, J. B., Assad, D. A., & Gher, M. E. (1996). Effect of
flap design on healing and osseointegration of dental implants. The
International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry, 16(6),
582–593.
Reason: full text not available
Jané-Salas, E., Roselló-LLabrés, X., Jané-Pallí, E., Mishra, S., Ayuso-
Montero, R., & López-López, J. (2018). Open flap versus flapless
placement of dental implants. A randomized controlled pilot trial.
Odontology, 106(3), 340–348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-018-0343-8
Reason: other study design: no split-mouth design
Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences & Hospital. (2019).
Evaluation of Immediately Placed Dental Implants With Local
Application of Injectable-Platelet Rich Fibrin in Periodontally
Compromised Sites. A Randomized Controlled Split Mouth Study
(Clinical trial registration Nr. NCT04029779). clinicaltrials.gov.
Abgerufen von clinicaltrials.gov website: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/
show/NCT04029779
Reason: study not completed
Kumar, V. V., & Srinivasan, M. (2018). Masticatory efficiency of implant-
supported removable partial dental prostheses in patients with free
fibula flap reconstructed mandibles: A split-mouth, observational
study. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 29(8), 855–863. https://doi.
org/10.1111/clr.13304
Reason: other study design: non-randomised
Maglione, M., Bevilacqua, L., Dotto, F., Costantinides, F., Lorusso,
F., & Scarano, A. (2019). Observational Study on the Preparation of
the Implant Site with Piezosurgery vs. Drill: Comparison between
the Two Methods in terms of Postoperative Pain, Surgical Times,
and Operational Advantages. BioMed Research International, 2019,
8483658. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8483658
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Magrin, G., Rafael, S., Passoni, B., Magini, R., Benfatti, C., & Peruzzo, D.
(2018). Guided virtual surgery versus conventional technique- a split-
mouth randomized clinical trial. In Clinical Oral Implants Research
(Bd. 29, S. 103). https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.60_13356
Reason: abstract published in a dental meeting
Malik, A., Shaari, R., Rahman, S. A., & Aljuboori, M. J. (2012). Influence
of platelet-rich plasma on dental implants. Osseointegration in well-
controlled diabetic patients. Dental Implantology Update, 23(12),
89–96.
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Martínez-González, J. M., Martín-Ares, M., Martínez-Rodríguez,
N., Barona-Dorado, C., Sanz-Alonso, J., Cortés-Bretón-Brinkmann,
J., & Ata-Ali, J. (2018). Comparison of peri-implant soft tissues in
submerged versus transmucosal healing: A split mouth prospective
immunohistochemical study. Archives of Oral Biology, 90, 61–66.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.03.004
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Milinkovic, I. (2020). Soft Tissue Response to Polyetheretherketone
(PEEK) and Titanium (Ti) Healing Abutments on Dental Implants
(Clinical trial registration Nr. NCT04436939). clinicaltrials.gov.
Abgerufen von clinicaltrials.gov website: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/
show/NCT04436939
Reason: study not completed
© 2022 BY QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO, INC. PRINTING OF THIS DOCUMENT IS RESTRICTED TO PERSONAL USE ONLY.
NO PART MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHER.
Pfannenstiel et al
Mohan, K., Dhanraj, M., & Jain, A. (2018). Analgesic effectiveness
of opioid agonists in post-operative pain after endosseous dental
implant placement—A split-mouth randomized control trial. Drug
Invention Today, 10, 121–123.
Reason: other study design: crossover design
Mozzati, M., Gallesio, G., Pol, R., Cipollina, A., Giacalone, A.,
Mucciacito, N., … Del Fabbro, M. (2019). Implant site preparation
using ultrasonic technique vs. Conventional drilling: Three-year
follow-up of a split-mouth study. Journal of Biological Regulators and
Homeostatic Agents, 33(6 Suppl. 2), 49–58.
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Mummolo, S., Nota, A., Marchetti, E., Capuano, S., Tecco, S., Marzo, G.,
& Campanella, V. (2019). Histologic and Histomorphometric analysis
of maxillary sinus augmentation with different biomaterials. A pilot
split-mouth human study. ORAL and Implantology, 11, 249–256.
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Mussano, F., Rovasio, S., Schierano, G., Baldi, I., & Carossa, S. (2013).
The effect of glycine-powder airflow and hand instrumentation on
peri-implant soft tissues: A split-mouth pilot study. The International
Journal of Prosthodontics, 26(1), 42–44. https://doi.org/10.11607/
ijp.3063
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Nguyen, M., Doan, N., Du, Z., Reher, P., & Xiao, Y. (2015). A Measure of
Clinical Outcomes in Dental Implant Surgery Flapless Surgery versus
Flap Technique in Posterior Maxilla of Post Menopause Women. In
V. V. Toi & T. H. Lien Phuong (Hrsg.), 5th International Conference on
Biomedical Engineering in Vietnam (S. 133–136). Cham: Springer
International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11776-8_33
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Odatsu, T., Kuroshima, S., Sato, M., Takase, K., Valanezhad, A., Naito,
M., & Sawase, T. (2020). Antibacterial Properties of Nano-Ag Coating
on Healing Abutment: An In Vitro and Clinical Study. Antibiotics, 9(6).
https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9060347
Reason: RCT with unclear design
Petersson, A., Rangert, B., Randow, K., & Ericsson, I. (2001).
Marginal bone resorption at different treatment concepts
using Brånemark dental implants in anterior mandibles. Clinical
Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 3(3), 142–147. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1708-8208.2001.tb00134.x
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Pichotano, E. C., de Molon, R. S., Freitas de Paula, L. G., de Souza, R.
V., Marcantonio, E., & Zandim-Barcelos, D. L. (2018). Early Placement
of Dental Implants in Maxillary Sinus Grafted With Leukocyte and
Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral. The
Journal of Oral Implantology, 44(3), 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1563/
aaid-joi-D-17-00220
Reason: other study design: case report
Quirynen, M., Vogels, R., Pauwels, M., Haffajee, A. D., Socransky,
S. S., Uzel, N. G., & van Steenberghe, D. (2005). Initial subgingival
colonization of „pristine“ pockets. Journal of Dental Research, 84(4),
340–344. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910508400409
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Quirynen, Marc, Vogels, R., Peeters, W., van Steenberghe, D., Naert, I.,
& Haffajee, A. (2006). Dynamics of initial subgingival colonization of
„pristine“ peri-implant pockets. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 17(1),
25–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2005.01194.x
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Raes, F., Cooper, L. F., Tarrida, L. G., Vandromme, H., & De Bruyn, H.
(2012). A case-control study assessing oral-health-related quality
of life after immediately loaded single implants in healed alveolar
ridges or extraction sockets. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 23(5),
602–608. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02178.x
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Rakic, M., Monje, A., Radovanovic, S., Petkovic-Curcin, A., Vojvodic,
D., & Tatic, Z. (2020). Is the personalized approach the key to improve
clinical diagnosis of peri-implant conditions? The role of bone
markers. Journal of Periodontology, 91(7), 859–869. https://doi.
org/10.1002/JPER.19-0283
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants  454u
Pfannenstiel et al
Ribeiro, F. V. (2019). Could the Apico-coronal Position of the Implant
Influence the Peri-implant Parameters in Mandibular Edentulous
Type 2 Diabetics Rehabilitated With Implant-retained Overdentures?
A Split-mouth RCT With 24-months Follow up. (Clinical trial
registration Nr. NCT03988140). clinicaltrials.gov. Abgerufen von
clinicaltrials.gov website: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/
NCT03988140
Reason: study not completed
Rojo, E., Stroppa, G., Sanz-Martin, I., Gonzalez-Martín, O., & Nart, J.
(2020). Soft tissue stability around dental implants after soft tissue
grafting from the lateral palate or the tuberosity area—A randomized
controlled clinical study. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 47(7),
892–899. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13292
Reason: other study design: no split-mouth design
Sakallιoğlu, U., Lütfioğlu, M., Sakallιoğlu, E. E., Sert, S., & Ceylan,
G. (2011). Osmotic pressure of periimplant sulcular and gingival
crevicular fluids: A split-mouth, randomized study of its measurement
and clinical significance. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 22(7),
706–710. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02044.x
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Sayáns, M. P. (2020). Behavior of the Peri-implant Tissues on the
Multiposition Abutment Straight Aesthetic Slim Anti-rotational
Galimplant (Clinical trial registration Nr. NCT03796494). clinicaltrials.
gov. Abgerufen von clinicaltrials.gov website: https://clinicaltrials.
gov/ct2/show/NCT03796494
Reason: study not completed
Schaaf, H., Streckbein, P., Lendeckel, S., Heidinger, K., Görtz, B., Bein,
G., … Howaldt, H.-P. (2008). Topical use of platelet-rich plasma to
influence bone volume in maxillary augmentation: A prospective
randomized trial. Vox Sanguinis, 94(1), 64–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/
j.1423-0410.2007.00997.x
Reason: RCT with unclear design
Schierano, G., Pejrone, G., Roana, J., Scalas, D., Allizond, V.,
Martinasso, G., … Cuffini, A. M. (2010). A split-mouth study on
microbiological profile in clinical healthy teeth and implants
related to key inflammatory mediators. International Journal of
Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 23(1), 279–288. https://doi.
org/10.1177/039463201002300126
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Schierano, Gianmario, Pejrone, G., Brusco, P., Trombetta, A., Martinasso,
G., Preti, G., & Canuto, R. A. (2008). TNF-alpha TGF-beta2 and IL-1beta
levels in gingival and peri-implant crevicular fluid before and after de
novo plaque accumulation. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 35(6),
532–538. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01224.x
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Serag, A. (2016). Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Crestal
Bone Loss Around Implant With or Without Platform Switching
Design (Randomized Clinical Trial, Split Mouth Design) (Clinical
trial registration Nr. NCT02761226). clinicaltrials.gov. Abgerufen
von clinicaltrials.gov website: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/
NCT02761226
Reason: study not completed
Stafford, G. L. (2013). Different loading times for dental implants – no
clinically important differences? Evidence-Based Dentistry, 14(4),
109–110. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ebd.6400967
Reason: other study design: systematic review
Taschieri, S., Testori, T., Corbella, S., Weinstein, R., Francetti, L., Di
Giancamillo, A., & Del Fabbro, M. (2015). Platelet-Rich Plasma and
Deproteinized Bovine Bone Matrix in Maxillary Sinus Lift Surgery: A
Split-Mouth Histomorphometric Evaluation. Implant Dentistry, 24(5),
592–597. https://doi.org/10.1097/ID.0000000000000293
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Teixeira, M. K. S., de Moraes Rego, M. R., da Silva, M. F. T., Lourenço,
E. J. V., Figueredo, C. M., & Telles, D. M. (2019). Bacterial Profile and
Radiographic Analysis Around Osseointegrated Implants With Morse
Taper and External Hexagon Connections: Split-Mouth Model. The
Journal of Oral Implantology, 45(6), 469–473. https://doi.org/10.1563/
aaid-joi-D-18-00222
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
454v  Volume 37, Number 3, 2022
© 2022 BY QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO, INC. PRINTING OF THIS DOCUMENT IS RESTRICTED TO PERSONAL USE ONLY.
NO PART MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHER.
Thoma, D. S., Haas, R., Tutak, M., Garcia, A., Schincaglia, G. P., &
Hämmerle, C. H. F. (2015). Randomized controlled multicentre study
comparing short dental implants (6 mm) versus longer dental
implants (11-15 mm) in combination with sinus floor elevation
procedures. Part 1: Demographics and patient-reported outcomes
at 1 year of loading. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 42(1), 72–80.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12323
Reason: other study design: no split-mouth
Thor, A., Wannfors, K., Sennerby, L., & Rasmusson, L. (2005).
Reconstruction of the severely resorbed maxilla with autogenous
bone, platelet-rich plasma, and implants: 1-year results of a controlled
prospective 5-year study. Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related
Research, 7(4), 209–220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8208.2005.
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Reason: other study design: non-randomised
Torres, J., Tamimi, F., Martinez, P.-P., Alkhraisat, M. H., Linares, R.,
Hernández, G., … López-Cabarcos, E. (2009). Effect of platelet-rich
plasma on sinus lifting: A randomized-controlled clinical trial. Journal
of Clinical Periodontology, 36(8), 677–687. https://doi.org/10.1111/
j.1600-051X.2009.01437.x
Reason: combination of designs
Yaghobee, S., Khorsand, A., & Paknejad, M. (2013). Comparison of
Interleukin-1β Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Peri-Implant
Crevicular Fluid and Its Relationship with Clinical Indexes. Journal of
Dentistry (Tehran, Iran), 10(1), 1–9.
Reason: other study design: non-randomised
Yasser, Z. M. (2020). Effect of Topical Melatonin Application on Dental
Implant Osseointegration and Marginal Bone Level (Clinical and
Radiographic Evaluation) (Clinical trial registration Nr. NCT04229719).
clinicaltrials.gov. Abgerufen von clinicaltrials.gov website: https://
clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04229719
Reason: study not completed
Yue, Z., Liu, Q., Zhang, H., Yang, J., & Hou, J. (2021). Histological,
radiological, and clinical outcomes of sinus floor elevation
using a lateral approach for pre-/post-extraction of the severely
compromised maxillary molars: A study protocol for a randomized
controlled trial. Trials, 22(1), 101. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-
05047-5
Reason: only the study protocol available
Zerbo, I. R., Zijderveld, S. A., de Boer, A., Bronckers, A. L. J. J., de Lange,
G., ten Bruggenkate, C. M., & Burger, E. H. (2004). Histomorphometry
of human sinus floor augmentation using a porous beta-tricalcium
phosphate: A prospective study. Clinical Oral Implants Research,
15(6), 724–732. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2004.01055.x
Reason: combination of study designs
Zijderveld, S. A., Zerbo, I. R., van den Bergh, J. P. A., Schulten, E.
A. J. M., & ten Bruggenkate, C. M. (2005). Maxillary sinus floor
augmentation using a beta-tricalcium phosphate (Cerasorb) alone
compared to autogenous bone grafts. The International Journal of
Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 20(3), 432–440.
Reason: other study design: non-randomized
Zitzmann, N., Schaerer, P., & Marinello, C. (2001). Long-term results
of implants treated with guided bone regeneration: A 5-year
prospective study. The International journal of oral & maxillofacial
implants.
Reason: other study
S4. Rationale for the assessment
Item 1a: Did the RCT identify the study as a within per-
son randomised trial in the title?
To score YES authors should clearly identify the study design. Here,
different terms can be used, such as split-mouth or within-person.
We scored NO, when the authors did not describe this specific study
design in the title.

Item 1b: Did the RCT report an abstract suitable for a
within person design?
To score YES authors should report each item which has an extension
for a within-person design. These items are included in the Table 2
for the abstract reporting. The items which have a within-person
extension are Participants, Interventions, Randomisation, Numbers
randomised, Numbers analysed and Harms. These items only score
YES if they are reported in the abstract, so the abstract is completely
seen separated to the main text.
Detailed rationale, how we assessed these abstract items are
reported elsewhere.
To score PARTIALLY authors should at least have one extension item
scored as partly or YES.
We scored NO, if the authors did not report any of the extension
items or did not provide an abstract.
Item 2a: Did the authors report scientific background
and explanation of rationale?
To score YES authors should report scientific background of the
method, which they are evaluating and give the reasons why they
conducted the trial.
We would score NO if the authors did not report a background or a
rationale.
Item 2b: Did the authors report specific objectives or
hypothesis?
To score YES authors should report the objectives that the trial was
designed to answer or a hypothesis for the trial.
We would score NO, if the authors did not report a clear objective or
hypothesis.
Item 3a: Did the RCT report rationale for using a within
person design and identified the body sites?
To score YES authors should report why a within-person design has
been developed so that a reader can estimate the possibility for a
carry-across effect. The Rationale is often reported in ‘Discussion’
(blue marked).
Furthermore, the authors should report the identification of body
sites, so that the reader exactly knows how authors selected the
body sites. If the eligibility criteria implicate only two body sites, the
identification is not applicable. But if more than two body sites are
available, the authors should clearly report which body sites received
an intervention.
To score PARTLY authors should either report the rationale for using
a within person design or report an identification of body sites, if this
is applicable.
We scored NO if the authors did not report the rationale and the
identification.
We scored UNCLEAR if the report of the identification or the rationale
was not clearly understandable.
Item 3b: Important changes to methods after trial com-
mencement (such as eligibility criteria), with reasons
To score YES authors should report changes to methods and reasons
for the changes or that no changes to the study protocol have been
made.
To score PARTLY authors should report changes to methods.
We scored NO if authors do not mention changes or that no changes
to the methods have been made.
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Item 4a: Did the RCT report eligibility criteria for body
sites?
To score YES authors should report a criterion which is suitable to
compare the single body sites. For example, the minimum of bone
height.
To score PARTLY authors should report a criterion which is suitable
for participants. For example, a disease which is related to the full
organism (diabetes, cancer etc.).
We scored NO if the authors did not report any eligibility criteria.
We scored UNCLEAR if the authors reported eligibility criteria, which
were not suitable to compare body sites. For example: edentulous
person, requiring implants, participants suffering from severe
periodontitis etc.
Item 4b: Settings and locations where the data were
collected
To score YES authors should report the country/city and the
immediate environment (for example, office practice, hospital clinic,
multicenter trial etc.).
To score PARTLY authors should report either the city/country OR
the immediate environment. If the RCT only reports which university
approved the protocol, but not if the treatment has taken place in the
university, we have also rated as partially. We have also rated partially
if the authors only report the university where patients have been
recruited from, but it is not clear where the treatments have taken
place.
We scored NO if the authors did not provide information about
settings and location.
Item 5: Did the RCT report whether interventions were
given sequentially or concurrently?
To score YES authors should clearly report on what timepoint the
treatments were made because this enables comparability and
validity/generalizability of the results. We considered treatments
to be received concurrent, if it was during the same session. If one
treatment is compared to a control, where no treatment is applied
(also placebo), this is as well seen as concurrent.
We scored NO, if the authors did not report the timing, therefore not
being clear for the reader.
We scored UNCLEAR, if it was not understandable whether
treatments were given sequentially of concurrently.
Item 6a: Did the RCT define outcomes clearly as per site
or per person?
To score YES authors should make clear if an outcome is assessed per
body sites or per participants. So, they should report a measurement
per implant or per lesion, or the assessment of pain per treatment or
per person.
We scored PARTLY if the authors did not report all outcome measures
defined per site or per person.
We scored NO if the authors did not define outcomes per site or per
person.
Item 6b: Any changes to trial outcomes after the trial
commenced, with reasons
To score YES authors should report changes to trial outcomes and
reasons for the changes or should report that no changes from the
protocol have been made.
To score PARTLY authors should report changes to trial outcomes
after the trial commenced.
We scored NO if authors do not mention changes or did not mention
that no changes to the trial outcomes have been made.
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Item 7a: Did the RCT report the correlation of body sites?
To score YES authors should report the sample size calculation and
the correlation of body sites. The correlation does not have to be
a specific number, it is also enough to report for example a ‘high
correlation’.
To score PARTLY authors should report either the sample size
calculation or the correlation.
We scored NO, if the authors did not report any information about
the sample size or the correlation.
We scored UNCLEAR, if the authors just reported that no sample size
calculation was made.
Item 7b: When applicable, explanation of any interim
analyses and stopping guidelines
To score YES item 7b has to be applicable which means the reporting
about the study being ended early. If the item is applicable, authors
should fully explain the interim analysis and stopping guidelines.
We scored NO if item 7b is not applicable or the authors did not
report information about interim analysis and stopping guidelines.
Item 8a: Did the RCT report the method used to gener-
ate the random allocation sequence?
To score YES authors should describe the method used to generate
the random sequence generation, for example computer-generated
or the toss of a coin.
We scored NO, if authors did not report the method used to generate
the random sequence generation.
Item 8b: Did the RCT report Methods to determine the
allocation sequence of body sites and treatments with-
in an individual?
To score YES authors should report the how the first site to be treated
was chosen.
We scored NO if the authors did not report how the first site to be
treated was chosen.
Item 9: Did the RCT report the mechanism used to im-
plement the random allocation sequence (such as se-
quentially numbered containers), describing any steps
taken to conceal the sequence until interventions were
assigned.
To score YES authors should report the allocation concealment
mechanism they used.
We scored NO, if authors did not report the allocation concealment
mechanism.
Item 10a: Did the RCT report who generated the ran-
dom allocation sequence, who enrolled participants,
and who assigned body sites to interventions?
To score YES authors should report who generated the random
allocation sequence, who enrolled participants, and who assigned
body sites to interventions.
Who generated the random allocation sequence would be for
example a statistician, who carried out the computer-generated
random allocation sequence. Here it is important to report a person.
Who enrolled participants, should be the person who proved
participants for their eligibility.
Who assigned body sites to interventions, should be the person who
opens the envelope or tosses the coin etc.
To score PARTLY authors should have at least reported one of the 3
points.
We scored NO, if the authors did not give any information about the
3 points.
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We scored UNCLEAR, if the report of the randomization or the
enrolling was not fully understandable for the reader.
Item 11a: If done, who was blinded after assignment to
interventions (for example, participants, care provid-
ers, those assessing outcomes) and how
To score YES authors should report who was blinded or that it was
not possible to blind with reasons and how the blinding was realized,
if there is a chance to recognize the different interventions. (for
example: in the radiographic measurements it is not possible to
detect the bone substitute differences). If it is obvious that blinding
is not possible, for example implant placement versus conventional
surgery, it is okay not to report that blinding was not possible.
To score PARTLY authors should report who was blinded.
We scored NO if authors did not mention blinding.
We scored UNCLEAR if the reporting does not make clear for the
reader who was blinded.
Item 11b: If relevant, descriptions of similarities of
interventions.
This item is relevant if blinding was reported (item 10a = 1 or 2).
To score YES authors should state the similarity of the characteristics
of the interventions and administration, to be able to estimate the
tampering on the participant/surgeon/ examiner. We considered
the item as relevant, when there has been blinding (so item 10a is
rated as a 1 or 2). For the reader, it should be clear, if an intervention
is similar and therefore the blinding was possible. Either the
authors report the similarity of the intervention, or it is clear, that
the allocation cannot be identified (for example if the histolgical
examiners are blinded in terms of different implant materials or the
radiographic examiner is blinded to the surgery technique).
We scored NO, if the authors did not report information about the
similarities.
We scored UNCLEAR, if the similarity of interventions is relevant but
not understandable.
NA (not applicable) = not relevant, so there has not been any blinding
or it is not clear who was blinded.
Item 12a: Did the RCT report statistical methods appro-
priate for within person design?
To score YES authors should report a p-value AND the name of the
statistical test.
To score PARTLY authors should report the p-value OR the name of
the statistical test.
We scored NO, if the authors did not report a p-value and the
statistical test.
We scored UNCLEAR if the author report only descriptive analysis was
possible.
Item 12b: Methods for additional analyses, such as a
subgroup analyses and adjusted analyses
To score YES authors should report the methods for subgroup
analyses and adjusted analysis.
We scored NO if authors did not mention any subgroup and adjusted
analysis.
Item 13a: Did the RCT report the number of participants
and number of body sites at each stage?
To score YES authors should clearly report the number of participants
and body sites at each stage. This would be if the reader knows
about the number of participants enrolled, the number of body sites
randomized to each group and the number of participants and body
sites analyzed.
To score PARTLY authors should report at least the number of
participants at each stage or the authors did not report the number

of body sites for each stage, so for example only the number of
participants being analyzed and not the number of body sites.
We scored NO if the authors did not provide any of the information
for this item.
We scored UNCLEAR, if the number of participants or body sites is
not comprehensible for the reader or something is not matching, for
example table versus full text.
Item 13b: Did the RCT report the number of participants
and number of body sites lost or excluded at each stage?
To score YES author should provide the number of participants not
meeting the eligibility criteria and also the number of participants and
number of body sites lost or excluded at each stage. If no participant or
body site was lost or excluded, the authors should report this.
To score PARTLY authors should at least provide the number of
participants and body sites being excluded or lost at each stage.
We scored NO, if the authors did not report the number of
participants not meeting the eligibility criteria and the number of
participants and number of body sites lost or excluded at each stage.
We scored UNCLEAR, if it is not comprehensible for example, why
the number being analyzed is lower than the number of body sites
being included in the randomization. Or the tables provide different
numbers than the main text.
Item 14a: Dates defining the periods of recruitment and
follow-up
To score YES authors should define the periods of recruitment and
follow-up.
To score PARTLY authors should either report the period of
recruitment OR the period of the follow-up, or authors only describe
the period of recruitment and follow-up in total.
We scored NO, if authors did not report dates.
Item 14b: Why the trial was ended or stopped.
To score YES authors should report the reasons of the trial being
stopped.
We scored NA (not applicable), if the trial was not stopped.
Item 15: Did the RCT report baseline characteristics for
site and individual participants as applicable?
To score a YES authors should provide baseline characteristics for
body sites at baseline, so before the intervention. This can be for
example bone height, the type of teeth per body site or the size of a
lesion. This does not implicate characteristics which are associated
with the treatment, for example implant length per site.
To score a PARTLY authors should provide baseline characteristics per
participants, for example age, nr of edentulous, partly edentulous
participants etc.
We scored NO, if the authors did not report any baseline characteristics.
Item 16: Did the RCT report the number of randomized
body sites in each group included in each analysis?
To score a YES authors should clearly report how many body sites
were analyzed in each analysis. This implicates the reporting, if one
body site/participant dropped out, whether this is still calculated in
the analysis or not.
To score PARTLY authors did not report the number of randomized
body sites for each analysis or they reported the number of total
body sites being analyzed in general, not for each group.
We scored NO, if the authors did not report how many body sites/
participants were included in the analysis.
We scored UNCLAER if the reader does not understand, why the
specific number of body sites was analyzed, or if the number does
not match with the number randomized and the number lost or
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excluded. Also, we scored unclear if the number in the tables differs
with the number in the main text.
Item 17a: Did the RCT report observed correlation be-
tween body sites for continuous outcomes and/or tabu-
lation of paired results for binary outcomes?
To score a YES authors should report the correlation AND/OR mean
difference of the means for each outcome between groups.
We scored PARTIALLY, if the authors did not report the correlation/
mean difference for each outcome.
We scored NO, if the authors did not provide information about the
correlation/mean differences, or only the p-values of the differences.
We scored UNCLEAR, if the authors reported that only descriptive
statistic was performed, and the findings could not be statistically
compared.
Item 17b: For binary outcomes, presentation of both
absolute and relative effect sizes is recommended.
To score YES authors should report the absolute and relative effect
sizes.
We scored PARTLY, if authors only sometimes report both absolute
and relative effect sizes.
To score NO authors should report only the absolute OR the relative
effect sizes.
We scored NA (not applicable) if the RCT did not evaluate binary
outcomes.
Item 18: Results of any other analyses performed, in-
cluding subgroup analyses and adjusted analyses, dis-
tinguishing pre-specified from exploratory
To score YES authors should report the results for every additional
analyses.
We scored NO, if the authors did not report the results.
We scored NA (not applicable) if the authors did not perform any
other analysis
Item 19: Did the RCT report harms or unintended effects
reported by participant and body site?
To score YES authors should report any harm that occurred during
the study. We considered a harm being an adverse/unexpected side
effect (e.g., complications as pain, swelling etc.). Implant failure is an
expected consequence, so this is not seen as a harm, deviations of
the protocol are also not seen as a harm. Furthermore, we scored YES
if authors reported, that no harm occurred.
We scored NO if authors only reported an expected side effect.
Maybe the authors forgot to report that no harm occurred, but the
reader would not know. So, if no information is provided, we also
scored as NO.
Item 20: Did the RCT report trial limitations, addressing
sources of potential bias, imprecision, and, if relevant,
multiplicity of analysis?
To score YES authors should report limitations, addressing sources of
potential bias and, if relevant multiplicity of analysis.
We scored NO if the authors did not report any limitation.
Item 21: Did the RCT report generalizability (external
validity, applicability) of the trial findings?
To score YES authors should report the external validity and
applicability of the trial findings according to trail design, patient and
treatment characteristics.
We scored NO, if the authors only reported that further studies are
needed to validate the findings, this is not detailed enough.
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Item 22: Did the RCT report interpretation consistent
with results, balancing benefits and harms, and consid-
ering other relevant evidence?
To score YES authors should discuss any information on potential
side-effects or any harm of the therapies researched and also report a
systematic review to support the discussion or report that there is no
systematic review on the researched topic.
To score a PARTLY authors should report an info on potential
harm, but do not report a systematic review to discuss and make
comparison.
We scored NO, if the authors did not discuss any information on
potential side-effects or any harm.
Item 23: Did the RCT report registration number and
name of the trial registry?
To score YES authors should report the registration number AND the
name of the trial registry.
To score PARTLY authors should report the registration number OR
the name of trial registry.
We scored NO, if the authors did not provide neither the registration
number, nor the trial registry.
Item 24: Did the RCT report where the full trial protocol
can be accessed, if available?
To score YES authors should explicitly report where the full trial
protocol can be found or authors should provide information about
the availability of data and materials.
We scored NO, if authors did not provide any information about the
data availability.
Item 25: Did the RCT report sources of funding and oth-
er support (such as supply of drugs), role of funders?
To score YES authors should report the source of funding or supply. If
the authors did not receive funding, they should also report this.
We scored NO, if authors did not mention any funding information.
Table 2 Item 1b: Abstract
Trial design: Did the RCT describe the trial design (e.g.,
parallel, cluster, non-inferiority)?
To score YES authors should describe the trial design. This means
they should provide more information than the split-mouth design,
such as parallel, non-inferiority etc.
We scored NO, if the authors did not provide any further information
on the trial design.
Participants: Did the RCT report eligibility criteria for
body sites?
To score YES authors should report a criterion which is suitable to
compare the single body sites. For example, the minimum of bone
height.
To score PARTLY authors should report a criterion which is suitable
for participants. For example, a disease which is related to the full
organism (diabetes, cancer etc.).
We scored NO if the authors did not report any eligibility criteria.
We scored UNCLEAR if the authors reported eligibility criteria, which
were not suitable to compare body sites. For example: edentulous
person, requiring implants, participants suffering from severe
periodontitis etc.
Interventions: Did the RCT report whether interven-
tions were given sequentially or concurrently?
To score YES authors should clearly report on what timepoint the
treatments were made because this enables comparability and
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validity/generalizability of the results. We considered treatments
to be received concurrent, if it was during the same session. If one
treatment is compared to a control, where no treatment is applied
(also placebo), this is as well seen as concurrent.
We scored NO, if the authors did not report the timing, therefore not
being clear for the reader.
Objective: Did the RCT report a specific objective or
hypothesis?
To score YES authors should report the objective and/or hypothesis
of the study.
We scored NO if the authors did not provide any information on that.
Outcome: Did the RCT clearly define a primary outcome?
To score YES authors should define a primary outcome of the study.
To score PARTLY authors should at least list outcomes of the study,
but no outcome is defined as primary.
We scored NO, if the authors did not provide an outcome of the
study.
Randomization: Did the RCT report how body sites were
allocated within a single participant?
To score YES authors should make clear to the reader how body sites
were randomized to groups.
To score PARTLY authors should at least report that the trial is a
randomized trial, but the reader still understands how body sites are
selected to groups.
We scored NO, if the authors did not report that body sites were
randomized to groups.
We scored PARTLY, if the authors do not mention the randomization.
Blinding (masking): Did the RCT report whether or not
participants, care givers, and those assessing the out-
come were blinded to group assignment?
To score YES authors should report who was blinded in the study.
To score PARTLY authors should mention that there was blinding in
the study, for example “This randomized double-blinded study…”.
We scored NO if the authors did not mention any blinding.
Numbers randomized: Did the RCT report the number
of body sites randomized to each group?
To score YES authors should make clear how many body sites were
randomized to each group. If the authors report that for example
10 participants with bilateral upper single molars missing were
randomized in a split-mouth design, this is clearly reported to the
reader.
To score PARTLY authors should report how many participants were
randomized to the treatments, but it is not clear how many body
sites.
We scored NO if the authors did not report how many participants or
body sites were randomized to each group.
Recruitment: Did the RCT report the trial status?
To score YES authors should report the trail status.
We scored NO, if the authors did not provide any information on this.
Numbers analyzed: Did the RCT report the number of
body sites analyzed in each group?
To score YES authors should report the number of body sites being
analyzed in each group. We also scored YES if the authors provided
information on how many body sites were randomized to each
group and also reported that “No participant dropped out” or “No
implant failed”.

To score YES authors only reported the total number of body sites
being analyzed or the number of participants being analyzed.
We scored NO, if the authors did not mention how many body sites/
participants were analyzed.
We scored UNCLEAR if the authors reported something which does
not make sense to the reader.
Outcome: Did the RCT report for the primary outcome,
a result for each group and the estimated effect size
and its precision?
To score YES authors should report a result for the primary outcome.
To score PARTLY the authors should provide specific results for each
outcome they have listed before in the Methods of the abstract.
We scored NO if the authors did not provide specific results for the
outcomes, only a few results or only p-values.
Harms: Did the RCT report harms for participants and
for body sites?
To score YES authors should report any harm that occurred during
the study. We considered a harm being an adverse/unexpected side
effect (e.g., complications as pain, swelling etc.). Implant failure is an
expected consequence, so this is not seen as a harm, deviations of
the protocol are also not seen as a harm. Furthermore, we scored YES
if authors reported, that no harm occurred.
We scored NO if authors only reported an expected side effect.
Maybe the authors forgot to report that no harm occurred, but the
reader would not know. So, if no information is provided, we also
scored as NO.
Conclusion: Did the RCT report a general interpretation
of the results?
To score YES authors should report a general interpretation/
conclusion of the findings.
We scored NO, if the authors did not report a general interpretation/
conclusion of the findings.
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Trial registration: Did the RCT report the registration
number and name of trial register?
To score YES authors should report the registration number and/
or the name of trial registry. The registry information can also be
included in the information column next to the abstract.
We scored NO if the authors did not provide the trail registry number
or name.
Funding: Did the RCT report a Source of funding?
To score YES authors should report a source of funding or report that
there was no funding/supply. The funding information can also be
included in the information column next to the abstract.
We scored NO, if the authors did not report any funding information
in the abstract
Additional items from CONSORT 2010 checklist
Did the RCT clearly define the primary outcome of the
study?
To score YES authors should report the primary outcome of the study,
which can also be in the abstract.
We scored NO if the authors did not define the primary outcome
measure.
Did the RCT report a flow diagram to be able to under-
stand the number of participants and body sites of each
stage of the study?
To score YES authors should report a flow diagram including a
parallel arm design for each group and provide the number of
participants and body sites at each stage.
To score PARTLY authors should provide a flow diagram with the
number of participants at each stage.
We scored NO if the authors did not provide a flow diagram.
The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants  454aa