2022 LIVRO BandasNeuromusculares

Dr.
Kenzo Kase
®
COPYRIGHT AND TRADEMARK INFORMATION
© 2022 Kinesio IP, LLC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Tex Tape, Kinesio Taping® Method, Kinesio Taping® Technique, Certified Kinesio Taping Practitioner®, CKTF™, CKTP®, CKTI®,
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IP, LLC, in Albuquerque, NM
Cre-Med
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The views and opinions expressed in this book do not necessarily reflect the official policies or positions of Kinesio Holding Corporation.
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Foundations Course content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the
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Kinesio Foundations Course

Print | Paperback
Author:
Dr Kenzo Kase
Publisher:
Kinesio Group
Publication Date:
March, 2022
Genre:
Adult | Education | Health
Info:
info@kinesiotaping.com
855-488-TAPE (8273)
www.KinesioTaping.com
WELCOME
G
reetings! I am Dr Kenzo Kase, inventor of
Kinesio Tex Tape and chairman of Kinesio
Taping Association International. It is
through the worldwide efforts of therapists,
educators and researchers all over the world that we
are able to see healing and innovations for patients
everywhere.
Our education program, and the advancements of
Kinesio Medical Taping, keep us well ahead of the other
tape companies and taping systems. Our programs have
always kept a sharp focus on patient care and health
improvements. It might not look flashy on paper, but it is
the right thing to do, and we are the ones to do it.
What do we mean by Tape with Wisdom? We mean our
tape of course, with its uniquely engineered properties for
optimal healing. We also mean ourselves, as healers and
teachers, with our well-developed sensitivity to the body’s
natural healing processes. Everything we do, from the
tape we use, to our detailed assessments, to our strategic
application of tape and touch, aligns with this natural
healing.
It’s not magic. It is the informed use of proper
knowledge, training, and tools to achieve results for each
individual patient. balance between innovation and established science.
When I started to teach Kinesio Taping, I thought We will continue to follow the science where it leads
maybe I could be the only instructor. Through the years, us, and to help patients to heal and to be at their best.
I have been able to call upon other skilled therapists Our education program will be the standard for years to
and educators throughout the world to treat patients, come. Whether “Taping with Wisdom” or “Taping the
to perform research and to teach new classes of Kinesio World for Health,” Kinesio will always be at the forefront
experts. As we grow, we discover new effective areas of of medical care.
care, and we work to create education programs to share I am delighted to see the growth of Kinesio wisdom. I
the newer innovations. welcome you all to tape more, learn more, and heal more
Throughout our history, Kinesio has maintained a with your Kinesio Taping skills.
i
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
A
very special thank you to Dr. Kenzo Kase Kawamoto and Dr. Favia Dubyk who took the time to
for this new and updated Kinesio University read and edit and work late nights to make this revised
workbook, Kinesio Foundations Course copy of the Kinesio Foundations workbook the best it
Featuring Kinesio Taping and Kinesio could be.
Medical Taping. This book is based on the foundational To the Kinesio Creative Team: Brittany Archuleta,
principals of Kinesio Taping, as well as some of his Corporate Project Manager who kept us in motion even
new concepts from Kinesio Medical Taping to address when it seemed like we were running out of time, and
more complicated issues and conditions, including pain, to the talented Graphic Design Team: Hank Padilla,
trauma, and post-surgical recovery. The Kinesio Taping Creative Lead who did an incredible job on the layout of
Method was invented in the 1970s by founder Dr. this book, and Rickie Gonzales, Graphic Designer.
Kenzo Kase. Without his knowledge and ingenuity, the
Kinesio University would also like to express appreciation
international therapeutic community would be without
to all those individuals who help to provide the forward
this versatile tool.
momentum that keeps the Kinesio Taping Method on
Thank you to the Kinesio staff who worked through the cutting edge of Educational Programming. Because of
numerous drafts, revisions, and photo sessions to this momentum our products and education continue to
complete this project: set the standard for quality in elastic therapeutic taping.
To the Executive Team: Elisa Kase, Dr Kase’s daughter Many thanks also go out to our talented Certified
and Kinesio President and Yukari Takeda, Kinesio Vice Kinesio Taping Instructors (CKTI) and Certified
President who helped keep this version on track and Kinesio Taping Practitioners (CKTP) around the globe
made time to proofread, brainstorm and give ideas. for their dedication and promotion of the Kinesio Taping
To the workbook team - Mona Angel, General Manager Method. It is their appreciation and use of the method
and Danielle Sanchez, Project Assistant who agonized that helps us keep up the momentum of Taping the
over the text trying not to leave anything out - and an World for Health.
extra thank you for the contributions of Dr. Takayoshi Thank you!
ii
CKTP® What does it mean to be a Certified Kinesio Taping Practitioner® (CKTP)?
T
his brief overview of Kinesio University review this agreement carefully. If you have questions
is designed to give you an understanding about it, you can contact your Legal Representative.
of how the educational process works at Please consult with them to make sure you understand
Kinesio and how you, as a CKTP, are now a the terms of your agreement.
part of that process. Once you pass the CKTP certification course you will
Our philosophy at Kinesio is that education is the be eligible to teach a community based Certified Kinesio
product and tape is the tool. Dr. Kase actually developed Taping Technician (CKTT) course and take additional
the Kinesio Taping Method first and then developed courses as you find them interesting.
Kinesio Tex Tape to work within the Method. We Kinesio University works to develop seminar
believe in high quality education and want the opportunities throughout the domestic USA, Canada
practitioners around the world to be well trained and and Puerto Rico. Kinesio University welcomes you to
knowledgeable about Kinesio Taping. The Kinesio the top rank of Kinesio Taping professionals and experts
Taping Association International is responsible for throughout the world. Thank you for your willingness
developing the educational content of the curriculum to share the global responsibility for Kinesio Taping
and certifying the instructors teaching it. Kinesio education and knowledge.
University handles the seminar development process and
registration for the seminars.
If you decide to continue the process of training to
become a CKTP, and maybe later on a CKTI, you must
first take this Kinesio Foundations Course and pass the
certification exam. Once you decide on and purchase a
membership level you will be asked to sign the CKTP
Mark Licensing Agreement that states the terms of your
contractual relationship with Kinesio. We suggest you
iii
Table of Contents
Chapter 1
Pre-Course 13
Part 1 - Introduction / Who is Dr. Kenzo Kase? / History of Kinesio Taping 15
Sharing the Latest Evolution - Kinesio Medical Taping / Kinesio University / Membership 16
Kinesio Holding Corporation / Company Story / “TAPE WITH WISDOM” / Kinesio Taping Method Concepts 17
What can we Treat with Kinesio Tex Tape? / Benefits of Kinesio Taping Method / Products and Services /
Kinesio Product Line / Major Milestones / The Story of Kinesio “Live Different”
18
What is Kinesio Taping? 19
History of Kinesio Timeline 20
Kinesio Tex Gold FP Kinesio / Tex Gold Light Touch+ 22
Kinesio Tex Classic / Kinesio Tex Performance+ 23
Kinesio Animal Tape and Why we went in this Direction / Kinesio Taping Equine For Horse Lovers / Kinesio
Equine Tape
24
Kinesio Taping Canine For Dog Lovers / Kinesio Canine Tape 26
Unique Qualities of Kinesio Tex Tapes / Color Therapy 28
All Elastic Therapeutic Tape Are Not Created Equally / Looks the Same but a Different Tape Quality /
Compared to Other Brands / What can be Imitated and What cannot be Done, and Impossible Things in Other 30
Manufacturers
Why Using Authentic Kinesio Tape Influences Patient Results / What is an EDF Medical Taping Application? 31
Part 2 - Handling the Tape
Basic Tape Terminology / Kinesio Tex Tape Skin Care / Safety in Taping and the Importance of a Test Patch / 32
Tape Cuts
High Tension Precautions / Understanding Kinesio Tex Tape / Paper Removal Methods / Feel the Stretch of
Kinesio Tex Tape
34
Basic Tension Lab / Kinesio Taping Contraindications / Kinesio Taping Precautions 35
Tension Matters / Healthy Tape Removal Methods 36
Therapeutic Direction and Recoil / Convolutions / Patient Education 37
Convolutions Lab 38
Table of Techniques 39
vi
Table of Contents
Chapter 2
Kinesio Medical Taping 41
What is the Difference Between Kinesio Taping Method and Kinesio Medical Taping? / Kinesio Tex Tape and
Human Body Systems
42
Human Body Systems Affected by Kinesio Taping / Major Physiological Systems Affected by Kinesio Tex
Tape / Traditional Thinking: Multi-Layer Concept of the Body / Newest Science: Skin & Subcutaneous Tissue 43
Densities / Meet Your Interstitium, a Newfound Organ
Causes of Skin, Fascia and Muscle Weakness / The Systems Glide and Slide 44
From Biotensegrity to Kinesio Taping / What is Biotensegrity? / Symptoms Associated with Injury / Physical
Effects of Kinesio Taping Applications on the Skin
45
Kinesio Taping May Reduce Shear and Tissue Movements During Lumbar Flexion / Neurological Effects of
Kinesio Taping Through the Skin / Sensory-Motor Cortex Communication
46
Neurological Effects of Kinesio Taping Through the Skin: Sensation 47
Embryology Differentiation of Tissues: Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm 48
Receptors / Pain Relief 49
Pain Gate Theory 50
Gate Theory and Neuromatrix Theory of Pain / Neurological Effects of Kinesio Taping through the Skin: Pain
Relief Research
51
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging(fMRI) / fMRI Pilot Study 52
Neurological Effects of Kinesio Taping (EDF Taping) Through the Skin 53
Epidermis Stimulation and Importance of The Epidermis has Five Senses / Cytokines with Various Functions 54
Cytokines / Cells within the Epidermis 55
Stratum Corneum layer, Granular layer, Basal layer, Stratum Spinosum layer, Basal Membrane 56
vii
Table of Contents
Chapter 3
Assessments and Hydro Kinetic Assessments 59
Challenges for New Kinesio Taping Practitioners / Application Guidelines / About ”Kinesio Hydro Kinetic
Theory” / Kinesio Hydro Kinetic Theory and Water
60
What is Kinesio Hydro Kinetic Theory (Hydro Kinetic)? / The Importance of Kinesio Assessment 61
Kinesio Hydro Kinetic Theory - 1995 Kenzo Kase / Hydro Kinetic Assessment (HKA) 62
What is Kinesio Hydro Kinetic Theory (Hydro Kinetic) or Space Movement Cooling? 63
Kinesio Taping Therapy and Interstitial Fluid / Importance of Hydro Kinetic Assessment (HKA) 64
Three Elements are Necessary for HKA: Triangle of Health / Kinesio Direction Assessment (KDA) / The Flow
from Hydro Kinetic Assessment (HKA) Balance and Conditioning
66
Kinesio Direction Assessment (KDA) for E(epidermis), D(dermis), F(subcutaneous) / Epidermis Direction Test
(EDT) / Kinesio Direction Assessment for Fascia (MDT) / Kinesio Direction Assessment for Fascia (MDT) 74
Glide-Clock Method
Kinesio Direction Assessment for Fascia (MDT) Tissue Decompression / Kinesio Screening Assessment 75
HKA: Kinesio Screening Assessment (6 evaluations) / Neck flexion, Cervical extension, Pectoral Girdle, Trunk
flexion, Hip rotation, Straight Leg Raise / HKA: Kinesio Muscle Assessment / Correlation to the Screening 76
Assessment / HKA: Kinesio Muscle Assessment & Range of Motion
Kinesio Taping Screening and Assessments / Kinesio Best Uses Chart 77
Best Uses Chart 78
Chapter 4
Muscle 81
Muscle Anatomy 82
Upper Trapezius Taping Labs 88
viii
Table of Contents
Chapter 5
Kinesio Screening Assessment and Taping 93
Screening Assessments & Taping Labs / HKA: Kinesio Screening for the Upper Body /
Cervical Flexion Screening
94
Longissmus Cervicus / Anatomy, Kinesio Muscle Assessment, Taping 95
Cervical Extension Screening 97
Scalenus Anterior / Anatomy, Kinesio Muscle Assessment, Taping 98
Pectoral Girdle Screening 100
Pectoralis Major / Anatomy, Kinesio Muscle Assessment, Taping 101
HKA: Kinesio Screening for the Lower Body / Trunk Flexion Screening 103
Rectus Abdominus / Anatomy, Kinesio Muscle Assessment, Taping 104
Hip Rotation Screening 106
Gluteus Medius / Anatomy, Kinesio Muscle Assessment, Taping 107
Straight Leg Raise Screening 111
Quadriceps Femoris / Anatomy, Kinesio Muscle Assessment, Taping 112
Chapter 6
Superficial Fascia 119
Superficial Fascia / Dr. Jean-Claude Guimberto / Fascia Tissue Damage 120
Surface Adhesion Concept / Fascia Correction / Fascia Correction Taping Labs 121
Fascia Correction Superficial Tissue / Light Stimulation Upper Layer Correction 122
Fascia Correction Moderate Stimulation / Middle layer Correction 123
Fascia Correction Deep Layer Tissue Moderate Stimulate / Deep Layer Correction 124
Fascia Hold Correction 125
Kinesio Body Design 127
Chapter 7
Tendon 131
Tendon Anatomy / Tendon Correction Taping Labs 132
ix
Table of Contents
Chapter 8
Ligament 135
Ligament Correction / Ligament Anatomy / Ligament Correction Taping Lab 136
Chapter 9
Space Correction 139
Standard Space Correction Tape Cuts / Space Correction Labs / Space Correction: I-Cut 140
Space Correction: Donut Hole Cut 142
Space Correction: Web Cut 144
Space Correction: I-Cut Star 146
Chapter 10
Mechanical Correction 149
Mechanical Correction Labs / Mechanical Correction: I Cut 150
Mechanical Correction: Y-Cut Type 1 152
Mechanical Correction: Y-Cut Type 2 154
Chapter 11
Functional Correction 157
Functional Correction Labs 158
Chapter 12
Snowflake 163
What is Snowflake Taping? / Snowflake Application 164
x
Table of Contents
Chapter 13
Lymphatics 167
Introduction by Professor Neil Piller / The Lymphatic System 168
Lymphatic Taping Precautions 170
Circulatory Lymphatic System / Things to Consider 171
Collector Lymphatics / Lymphatic Correction Taping Lab 172
Chapter 14
EDF® 177
What is EDF? 178
Kinesio Medical Taping Method EDF / What kind of Conditions are EDF Applications Good for? / Kinesio
Medical Taping EDF Application
179
What Tape Works Best? / What is EDF Taping? 180
Skin Layers Affected by Layered KMT Applications / EDF Taping is an Evolution 181
Application Instructions: EDF Web Cut / EDF Theory and Kinesio Patented Layered EDF Applications / Skin
Layers Affected By Layered KMT Applications - EDF (E) - Epidermis
182
Skin Layers Affected by Layered KMT Applications - EDF (D) - Dermis 183
Skin Layers Affected by Layered KMT Applications - EDF (F) - Fascia 184
EDF Taping Technique: EDF (F) Taping – Fascia (Subcutaneous) 185
EDF (D) – Dermis / Treatment strategy, Focus on the Dermis 187
EDF Taping Technique: EDF (D) Taping – Dermis 190
EDF Taping Technique: EDF (E) Taping – Epidermis 192
How to Cut Epidermis I-Cut 194
EDF Taping Technique: EDF (E) I-Cut Taping – Epidermis 195
Kinesio Medical Taping EDF Jellyfish Application / Basics of Jellyfish 196
EDF Taping Technique: EDF Jellyfish (Patella of Knee) 197
xi
Table of Contents
Chapter 15
Specialty Taping 201
Kinesio Medical Taping for the Mature Adult 202
Sensory Point Taping (SPT) 205
Kinesio Taping in Pediatrics 207
Chapter 16
Research 211
Kinesio Research 212
Abstracts Collection Introduction 224
Chapter 17
Index 229
Kinesio Taping Database Index 230
Bibliography 232
xii
Kinesio® Foundations Course Featuring Kinesio Taping® Method
And Kinesio® Medical Taping
PRECOURSE
13
Pre-Course
Top Athletes use

Kinesio Tape.
Hospitals and
Clinics use
Kinesio Tape.
Kids, Moms and

Students use
Kinesio Tape.
14 Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook
Pre-Course
Chapter 1 Pre-Course Part 1 Introduction
Who is Dr. Kenzo Kase?
• Natural Healing Specialist
• Creator of the Kinesio Taping Method and Kinesio
Tex Tapes
• Innovator of new modalities
• Author of books on natural healing, anatomy, and
exercise protocols
• Internationally renowned speaker
• Collaborator with international researchers
D
r. Kenzo Kase was born in Japan and attended
chiropractic college in Chicago. He was able to
combine his education in both mainstream and
traditional medical techniques and philosophies.
In his practice, he began looking for a way to prolong
the benefits of his treatments. He wanted a method that
would assist the body’s natural healing ability. He began
experimenting with tapes but was dissatisfied with the
results.
Dr. Kase invented the Kinesio Taping Method in 1979 after
six years of research and clinical development. Kinesio Tex
Tape was designed to work specifically with the Kinesio
Taping Method. Dr. Kenzo Kase graduated from chiropractic
college in the US and started his own practice. Based on his
experience in his practice he determined that pain in the joint
did not come from the bones but, instead, from the muscle
and the skin. His work as a chiropractor made him think
that if muscle is stretched too much, it recoils stronger and
the joint becomes displaced. Kinesio Tex Tape normalized
muscle function without putting pressure on the joint. His skin is a part of the body that has direct contact to the outer
taping method evolved to make use of new stretch adhesive environment. If the Kinesio Taping Method is used and
tape. He saw that applying the new stretchy tape lessened there is no understanding of the structure and mechanism
joint pain. From this, he invented the Kinesio Taping Method of the skin, excessive stimulation may be applied which
which is the foundation for all other elastic therapeutic can worsen the symptoms and lessen the therapeutic
taping methods. effects. When the Kinesio Taping Method is applied, it lifts
The Kinesio Taping Method is a modality that is based on the skin for improved circulation. This lifting increases
the body’s own natural healing processes. The Kinesio space and allows better circulation of the capillary beds.
Taping Method exhibits its efficacy through the activation of Mild inflammation can be reduced and space in the tissues
the neurological and circulatory systems. Dr. Kase’s Space increased.
Movement Cooling (Ku Do Rei) concept is a microscopic History of Kinesio Taping
view of the Kinesio Taping Methods effect on all body Dr. Kenzo Kase developed the Kinesio Taping Method in
systems. Space Movement Cooling (Ku Do Rei) is an the 1970s to fill a void in the treatment options that were
important concept for internal circulation because up to 80% available at that time. He was searching for a way to
of the body is water. Kinesio Taping lifts the skin and makes facilitate the body’s natural healing process and prolong
space for the fluid and lymph flow. When the action of the the benefits of his treatment after his patients left his clinic.
lymphatic fluid becomes weak this causes stagnation and Through his education as a chiropractor, his innate ability to
heat generation to the region leading to a delay of the body’s sense internal pain and dysfunction through the skin and his
natural healing process. creative therapeutic mind, Dr. Kase was able to develop new
There are all kinds of naturopathy to treat the skin. Kinesio methods of treating his diagnoses. Among these methods,
Taping is also a treatment that is applied to the skin. The Kinesio Taping was born.
Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook 15

Kinesio Tape and the Kinesio Taping Method were developed optimal patient results. KMT is a future generation of
Pre-Course
by Dr. Kase specifically to treat chronic ankle swelling due to treatment using applications like Epidermis, Dermis, Fascia
arthritis in his patients. At the time, a more rigid white tape (EDF) which can stimulate the epidermis at a cellular
was used to prevent swelling of the ankle further. However, level. KMT provides an extra level of care, relied upon by
the patient’s feet became more swollen, immobilization and physicians, hospitals, and acute care facilities.
compression to control ankle inflammation and swelling
only increased the swelling. He noted that water in the body
was moving against gravity and that physical activity was
necessary to smooth water’s motion.
He invented a special tape and application method to
support the work of muscles and fascia, which are important
for body movement, and named it Kinesio Tape and the Kinesio University
Kinesio Taping Method. The Kinesio Taping Method has two very important
elements: the education and the tool. Kinesio Taping has
Kinesio Tape and the Kinesio Taping Method have greatly never been (and never will be) a one-size fits all philosophy.
affected the improvement of pain and the functional Knowing how to apply authentic Kinesio tape is instrumental
deterioration caused by overuse, joint pain, muscle tension, in an application’s success. This is highlighted in the globally
etc. Everyone who has used Kinesio Taping have been recognized education and certification program. Today,
surprised at the result. The application of Kinesio Tape Kinesio University approved seminars and courses are
became popular among athletes all over the world, and offered in more than thirty countries across the globe.
Kinesio Tape became widely known and it was used by
athletes at the 2008 Olympics. Kinesio educational curriculum provides high quality CE
seminars, and online education to a variety of licensed
Science has made rapid progress over the last 20 years, and professionals. These courses deliver a high-quality, timely,
the elucidation of human physiology at a molecular level has and competitively priced continuing education seminar
begun to answer the question of how Kinesio Tape works. Dr taught by respected professionals who possess expertise in
Kase started to look at more than muscle and in doing so he the Kinesio Taping subject matter they present.
discovered the amazing mechanism of the skin’s function at
a microscopic level. Membership
As a certifying organization, the Kinesio Taping Association
After developing and refining the Kinesio Taping Method in
International (KTAI) is required to maintain an ongoing
the late 1970s, his innovation sparked interest throughout
relationship with and monitoring of our certified
the health care community. It wasn’t long before Dr. Kase
practitioners. With no annual re-certification requirement
was asked to share his findings and to provide information
at this time, this is achieved through the membership
so other practitioners could extend the benefits to their
system. A membership with the KTAI allows us to continue
own patients. From the very beginning, Dr. Kase grasped
to update practitioners with the latest news, advancements
the importance of having a community of practitioners and
and research relating to the Kinesio Taping Method via our
instructors to share their progress and provide a standard
member newsletters and Advance Healing Magazine.
for the use of the newly developing Kinesio Taping Method.
Benefits of becoming a CKTP:
Sharing the Latest Evolution: • Expand scope of practice and income while treating
Kinesio Medical Taping patients with a valuable and effective modality. Make an
We are constantly able to share the latest knowledge and outstanding candidate in a competitive job market.
technique of Kinesio Medical Taping. Continually holding • Enjoy the option of being recognized and listed by name
clinical research presentations, and conferences and and location on the KinesioTaping.com for patient
proposal of more effective taping techniques by sharing referral.
basic research to demonstrate the effect of taping with • Increase earning potential by becoming a CKTP+
instructors and researchers from around the world. and teaching other professionals approved Kinesio
The difference between pain and the symptom is the University workshops.
condition. Therefore, taping to fix the condition becomes • Receive discounts on KinesioTape.com products.
important. The Kinesio Taping Method was designed to • Apply to become a Certified Kinesio Taping Instructor
facilitate the body’s natural healing process while providing (CKTI). Complete the instructor training program and
support and stability to muscles and joints without earn extra income teaching others approved Kinesio
restricting the body’s range of motion. Dr. Kenzo Kase has University Courses.
now developed Kinesio Medical Taping (KMT) to address • Add the globally recognized credential of CKTP and logo
more complicated issues and conditions, including pain, to your business card, website and marketing materials.
trauma and post-surgical recovery. • Promote professional practice and the Kinesio Taping
Method alongside Kinesio Group at various events.
Kinesio Medical Taping applications are applied to achieve • Help conduct research, and present case studies at

Pre-Course
International Kinesio Taping Symposiums. Each roll of Kinesio Tape continues Dr. Kase’s vision, by
• Submit articles of interest to our membership allowing patients to take the treatment home. A Kinesio
publication, Advance Healing. trained practitioner applying Kinesio Tape delivers healing
• First access to new Kinesio and KTAI advancements through wisdom.
• Billing opportunities**
**Please verify which codes are applicable in your region before “TAPE WITH WISDOM”
submitting a claim. Kinesio does not make any claims expressed or The Kinesio Taping Method is about creating a suitable
implied, of their fitness for a particular purpose, or for their accuracy, circumstance for self-healing. Tape with Wisdom refers to
completeness, or usefulness of.
the skill level of our medical professionals, but that is only
Kinesio Holding Corporation part of the point. As Dr. Kase notes, “There is wisdom in
Corporate Headquarters: Kinesio USA, Albuquerque, NM Kinesio Tape itself.” The Kinesio Tape product line, including
(Pictured above) four different specifically purposed tapes and a range of
Locations: New Mexico, Tokyo tape configurations, offers tapes with wisdom inherent in
Year Established: 1979 their actual physical qualities. In accord with the Hippocratic
Mission: Kinesio Taping the World for Health to release the Oath to “Do No Harm”, Dr. Kase and the 40-year Kinesio
body’s natural healing power journey of discovery has led to insights into the body’s
Vision: Enhancing the Quality of Life Worldwide powerful natural healing intelligence and the beneficial effect
Global Presence: We are in North America, Asia Pacific, “wise” taping can have. The education program created to
Europe, Africa, Middle East, Oceania, and South America share those insights informs Kinesio Tape just as fully as the
The Company Story tape informs the education programs. Symbolizing decades
Dr. Kenzo Kase is an American-trained chiropractor, best of research and unparalleled quality Kinesio starts at the
known as the inventor of Kinesio Tex Tape and the Kinesio surface of the body to stimulate fluid movement. Tape with
Taping Method. Elastic therapeutic tape has become a Wisdom responds to the body’s intelligent power together
common modality in rehabilitation, and it started with Dr. with Kinesio practitioners whose knowledge of observation
Kase. Kinesio Tape is highly recognized in the sports arena; and assessment are able to activate the natural healing
however, its origins were not directly related to sports. Dr. power of the body.
Kase recognized the need for a new approach in the 1970s The Kinesio Taping Method Concepts
when he was observing and treating rheumatoid arthritis • Non-pharmaceutical pain management (provides pain
patients. He wanted a modality that would allow his patients control free of chemical side effects)
to continue to receive the benefit of his treatment in- • Swelling and edema
between visits, to “take his hands home with them.” Dr. Kase • Management of new and existing scars
designed Kinesio Medical Taping to facilitate the body’s • Muscle facilitation and inhibition
natural healing powers, and Kinesio Tape to meet the unique • Ligament and joint correction
requirements of his method. Over forty years later, his • Post-traumatic physical rehabilitation
method has changed how rehabilitation is practiced.

What can we treat with Kinesio Tex Tape? The Story of Kinesio “Live Different”
Pre-Course
• Neurologic • Sub-Acute We’re inspired by the passion to help people live healthier,
• Orthopedic • Rehabilitative happier lives. It’s the reason why Dr. Kenzo Kase has
• Lymphatic • Chronic dedicate his life to the creation of an alternative healing
• Muscular • Soft Tissue Injury method and a continuous demand for improvement and
• Postsurgical • Injury Prevention invention.
• Acute • And more Together, we are driven by a collective belief in the power of
natural healing, education, and wisdom to drive innovation.
After your Assessment We’re here to help empower people to take care of their
The Kinesio Taping Method is an excellent modality to treat patients, themselves, and their loved ones. From our
many conditions when placed on intact skin. specially formulated ingredients, to the vigorous quality
checks, to our passion for educating others, we look at
What does the Kinesio Taping Method do? healing differently. A different approach to healing that
Kinesio Taping helps the body return to homeostasis. makes a difference…To
Restoring Space, Movement and Cooling (Ku Do Rei) is the
foundation of the Kinesio Taping Method. Space is created by
lifting and separating the tissue layers of the body. Movement
happens when the lymph and fluid flow more freely in the
expanded space. Cooling occurs as fluids trapped in the
tissues are released and flow back into the system. Live different has 4 elements:
Pride, Science, Wisdom, and Challenge.
Benefits of Kinesio Method are:
• Activates the body’s own healing powers
• Promotes a cost-effective method of care
Products and Services
Kinesio USA/Kinesio Holding Company is the manufacturer
of the original Kinesio brand tape. With over 40 years of
evidence-based research & development, Kinesio Tex tape
mimics the weight of human skin and is gentle on all types
of skin from pediatrics to geriatrics. The authentic Kinesio
brand is manufactured in the USA and has been developed
specifically for use with the Kinesio Medical Taping.
Kinesio Product Line:
Kinesio Tex Gold FP, Tex Classic, Tex Performance+,
Tex Gold LightTouch+, Pre-Cuts, Fan Cut, EDF Pre-Cuts,
Kinesio Equine & Canine. Along with a collection of general
to advance taping books such as Clinical Therapeutic
Applications of the Kinesio Taping Method, Kinesio Taping
for Lymphoedema and Chronic Swelling, Kinesio Taping
in Pediatrics, Kinesio Taping Perfect Manual and Kinesio
Medical Taping for the Mature Adult..
Major Milestones
1970s Kinesio Taping Method is invented Kinesio products are proudly made in the USA where we
1985 Established Kinesio Co., LTD combine science, research based wisdom, and a long history
1989 Japan National Volleyball team uses Kinesio Taping of challenging current thinking in all our tape and education.
1997 Kinesio Seminar Program established
Thanks for joining the Kinesio family. You’re now part of
2001 US Health Insurance establishes a code for
a movement working across the world to improve patient
reimbursement
outcomes and elevate quality of life. It’s through you that our
2017 Collaboration with hospitals Post-Surgical
mission continues and prospers.
Steri-Tape
2021 Introduced Kinesio Medical Taping Our Live Different campaign is about people. The stories
we’ve heard over the years on how Kinesio Tape & Kinesio
Taping has helped never gets old. It’s amazing how a special
mixture of some fabric, adhesive and knowledge can result
in so many transformed lives. It’s about the way Kinesio has
changed their lives, giving them the ability to Live Different.

What is Kinesio Taping? Kinesio Taping is a modality that can be combined with
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• A time-tested therapeutic method using a uniquely other modalities:
designed elastic tape • Manual Therapy
• A modality that enhances the function of many different • Cryotherapy
tissues and physiologic systems • Hydrotherapy
• A modality that can be applied and worn for an event, • Electro-Stimulation
for a few hours or between clinical visits with continued • Acupuncture
therapeutic benefit • Rigid Strapping and Bracing
• And many more
Kinesio Taping is a modality appropriate for any stage of
Kinesio Taping has both immediate and long-term effects.
your treatment plan.
Kinesio Taping helps the body return to homeostasis

KINESIO®
HISTORY
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Kinesio Taping
is made publicly
available & Ken Ikai
Co., Ltd. is Established
Established
Natural
Founded Kinesio Kase Chiropractic
Academy of
Taping Method & Established Institute moved to
Chiropractic
Kase Chiropractic Institute in Ginza, Tokyo
Kojimachi, Tokyo
Established
Kinesio Co. Ltd.
& Kinesio Taping
Instructor Program
Invented Cryotherapy
(cooling treatment)
Kinesio Taping Seminar Method.
Kinesio Tape products
held under the direction
placed for sale in stores
of the Board of Education
Invented Muscle Slacking (muscle

relaxation treatment) Method
Nippon Sports Science All Japan National
University added Kinesio Volleyball Team used
Taping as an official course Kinesio Taping
Re-designed new building for

Natural Academy of Chiropractic
in Numabukuro, Tokyo
Kinesio Taping Introduced to

Asia & Kinesio Co. Ltd. moved
to Numabukuro, Tokyo
Kinesio Taping Kinesio Taping Theory

Introduced to Europe & recognized at spring camp
Kinesio Co. Ltd. Moved of 7 US Major League
Instructed Kinesio to Yotsuya, Tokyo Baseball teams
Taping Method at
Athletic Trainer’s
Association, USA

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The 15th Anniversary Kinesio Equine Experimentation
Taping International Symposium Begins
Kinesio Taping Introduced Medicare (US government

to South America health insurance) code for Beijing Olympic
Kinesio Taping is established Support.
for national reimbursement Established
Kinesio Taping
Association
International
Kinesio Tex Gold FP tape created, Ski & Snowboard (KTAI) & Society
London Summer Olympic support & Olympic Team Support, of Kinesio Taping
Dusseldorf Symposium Fan-cuts & Pre-cuts Therapy (SKITT)
Created & Rome
Symposium
Invented Epidermis, Dermis,

Fascia taping method (E.D.F.)
Attended the
CKTT Program for Kentucky Derby
Non-medical
Poly Clinic for Sochi

Olympics, Created
Equine Tape & 31st KTAI Research
Established Certified Symposium in Hawaii,
Kinesio Taping Clinical Assistant
Faculty (CKTF) Professorship -
Department of
Neurosurgery, UNM
& Post-surgical Steri-
Tape introduced.
Kinesio Tex Performance+
Tape Introduced.
Dr. Kase lectures in
Kinesio University
over 30 countries,
Established & 30th
Research & Kinesio Medical Taping
Symposium Held in
collaboration with introduced, New Kinesio
Tokyo, Japan
hospitals, completely logo, Tape With Wisdom,
new & revised Kinesio Canine Tape &
curriculum, New HQ Kinesio Taping Canine
office building next to For Dog Lovers Book.
manufacturing facility
& Kinesio Tex Gold
Light Touch+ created
Kinesio Body Design Kinesio Medical

(KBD™), On-Line Taping for the
courses & E-Books. Mature Adult
Book

Kinesio Tex Gold FP
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Developed exclusively for Kinesio Medical Professionals. • Highest Grade Cotton with Improved Breathability
Dr. Kenzo Kase and Kinesio bring you Kinesio Tex Gold FP. • Hypoallergenic and Latex Free
Backed by research and development since the early 1970’s, • Water Resistant
Kinesio continues to make advancements in technology • Targets the Epidermis, Dermis and Fascia
that continues the ReEvolution and fulfill the original vision; • Protected Weave Process Provides Improved
Taping the World for Health. The famous wave pattern Comfort
provides enhanced and patented Fingerprint (FP) technology • Patented Technology
and a patented Nano Touch stimulation to the epidermis and • For Optimal Results Apply Between 0-25% Tension
superficial layers of the skin. Kinesio Tex Gold FP mimics • Recommended for EDF Taping Applications for Pain
a gentle human touch while providing a Micro-Grip deep Management and Edema
set adhesive, applied during the manufacturing process, • Made is the USA
resulting in improved grip and hold with less adhesive
surface area.
Kinesio Tex Gold Light Touch+ its correct position by means of light stimulation similar to
East meets West with the new Kinesio Tex Gold Light memory foam.
Touch+ Tape (LT). Kinesio does it again by providing a • High Grade Cotton for Breathability and Comfort
unique formula gentle enough for all skin types. More than • Hypoallergenic and Latex Free
a pediatric tape, LT is the perfect solution for any patients • Water Resistant
not previously candidates for elastic therapeutic tape. From • Micro Air Pocket Technology
pediatric to geriatric to anyone with a tendency to skin • Targets the Epidermis, Dermis and Fascia
sensitivity, LT is the only choice. LT targets the dermis and • Wearable for up to 24 hours
superficial fascia skin layers, attracting fluid and creating • Easy Application and Removal
space in the dermis area. The result is a multi-directional • Available in six (6) unique pastel colors
soft motion that allows for a shift of misaligned tissue into • For Optimal Results Apply between 0-75% Tension
• Made in Japan, Packaged in the USA

Kinesio Tex Classic
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The tape that launched an industry! Kinesio continues to • Water Resistant
provide the world famous design that achieved inimitable • Perfect for High Level Stimulation to Target Deep
results for Kinesio Taping practitioners worldwide. From Muscles, Ligaments and Joint Correction
medical professionals, elite athletes, weekend warriors, • Available to Medical Professionals and Patients
soccer moms to everyone (that breaths or moves) Kinesio • Provides Support and Stability
Tex Classic provides a high quality tape that delivers • Easy Applications Available
consistent and dependable results. • For Optimal Results Apply between 0-100% Tension
• High Grade Cotton for Breathability and Comfort • Recommended for the I and Y Strips Taping
• Hypoallergenic and Latex Free Applications
Kinesio Tex Performance+

The most comfortable tape you’ll ever wear! Kinesio Tex • Available With and Without the Kinesio Logo
Performance+ offers comfortable wear while syncing the • Denim Like Appearance Unique to Kinesio
body’s natural multi-directional movement. A fusion of • Each Roll Comes with a Personally Designed
Kinesio Tex Gold FP and Kinesio Tex Classic, Kinesio Tex Retractable Container to Safely Store Tape
Performance+ provides stability, support and treatment with • Supports Joints and/or Muscles Like an Athletic
each application. Kinesio Tex Performance+ targets the Tape without Restricting Range of Motion
fascia and superficial muscles to release pressure by lifting • Targets the Dermis, Fascia and Surface Muscles
the superficial layers of skin and tissue to ease discomfort. • Easy Application and Removal
Perform your best with Kinesio Tex Performance+. • Available to Medical Professionals and Patients
• Cotton and Polyester Blend for Increased Comfort • For Optimal Results Apply between 0-100% Tension
• Hypoallergenic and Latex Free • Recommended for the Snowflake Cut (for an
• Water Resistant Effective Low of Stimulus)

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Kinesio Animal Tapes

And Why We Went this Direction
Kinesio is not just for humans. Whether hoofed, furred or
winged, many different creatures can benefit from Kinesio
Taping. Live courses are already available in Equine Kinesio
Taping, and with the advent of Canine Kinesio Tape, small
animal therapists are ready to get in the act. Check out online
workshops and in-person courses for animal taping.
Kinesio Equine Taping

Many of us are seeking more natural methods to maintain
both our own health and the health of our horses, such
as chiropractic and acupuncture methods that have been
proven effective in treatment. Since 2004 our founder, Dr.
Kenzo Kase, has been researching and practicing the Kinesio
Taping Method on horses which has been found to be very
effective for common medical problems, from injury to
chronic issues, in horses. Many horse owners are eager to
find a natural, safe, effective, and non-invasive solution for
their horses that they can apply themselves to help keep
their horse healthy and sound between veterinarian visits. Dr.
Kase and his team spent a full year designing and testing the
Equine Tape, which is different than the human tape. Horses
have sensitive skin and hair, and, as opposed to humans,
need much less stimulation. Because of this, Kinesio Taping
can be used on your horse for both immediate and long term
treatments and can be combined successfully.

The Industry’s New Racing Stripe
Kinesio Taping Equine For Horse Lovers

A comprehensive guide for using the Kinesio Taping Method
Kinesio Equine Tape for alternative horse care. This guide helps horse lovers
Kinesio Equine Tape utilizes the same Kinesio Tex Gold FP discover simple Kinesio applications which will have a
technology along with the following unique features: positive impact on their horse’s health and quality of life. Dr.
Kenzo Kase and his team of equine experts have developed
● Adhesive designed for Equine (with stronger adhesive these applications to give practical strategies for dealing with
for equine performance & hair) common horse issues
● Naturally formulated additive to discourage ingestion
● New Non-Pattern weave for lighter touch and to prevent Taping Applications Included:
over-stimulation • Sacroiliac Joint Taping • Stifle
● Made in the USA • General Soreness in the • Stifle - Advanced
Back Application
Researched, designed, and tested for the unique anatomy of • Withers Pain • Suspensory Ligament
a horse. The culmination of over 40 years of Kinesio education • General Support Taping • Inflammation in the
has now been developed for equine athletes. Equine skin has for the Hock Hoof
more hair than human skin, so Kinesio Equine Tape has a • Taping for Inflammation • Fetlock
stronger adhesive allowing it to adhere longer and stimulate in the Hock • Hip
the hair follicles for enhanced effects. • Inflammation of the • Tight Neck
WARNING: KINESIO TAPING IS NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR VETERINARY CARE. Clean and dry hair prior
Hock - Advanced
to application. Kinesio Tape Not suitable for your horse when infection is present, skin is irritated, Application
open wounds or horse shows tape sensitivity.
Also Available as On-

Demand Course only at
KinesioTaping.com
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Therapeutic tape for dogs
Kinesio Canine Taping

Known for groundbreaking education for the last 40 years
Kinesio now introduces Kinesio Canine Taping. Dr. Kenzo
Kase and his team of experts developed canine taping
applications which can be used to optimize muscle function,
reduce pain, increase range of motion, improve circulation
and speed healing. Although the Kinesio Taping principles
will remain the same, it is necessary to understand that a
dog’s skin naturally has more hair than human skin.
The Kinesio Taping Method can be used for equine and
canine rehabilitation, postural changes, musculoskeletal
issues, and with complementary therapies. Kinesio Taping
for Canine is a cost-effective way to provide comfort and
support to a dog while evaluating further medical treatments
with your Canine Rehabilitation Therapist or Veterinarian.
Kinesio Tape for Canine is also a great tool for older pets as
preventive treatment reducing the need for total reliance on
expensive pain management medication that may keep your
canine from enjoying every moment with you with as much
alertness and activity as possible. Kinesio Canine Tape
When a muscle is inflamed, swollen or stiff due to fatigue, Kinesio Canine Tape is made of lightweight, breathable
the space between the skin and muscle is compressed, materials and has a specialized adhesive made specifically
resulting in a constricted lymphatic flow. Kinesio Tape for a dog’s hair follicle. The hair follicles of dogs often have
gives a continuous stimulation to the target area and can several hairs growing out of one follicle. The Follicular
give muscles and ligaments a chance to rest by taking the Stimuli pattern works with a dog’s hair follicles to stimulate
pressure off those areas. the deeper tissue layers, creating more space to help
lymphatic fluids flow more freely, which aids in healing, helps
reduce swelling, and increases range of motion.
Kinesio Canine Tape is made of 100% high grade cotton
for breathability and comfort. The tape’s adhesive is 100%
medical grade and is heat activated There is no medicine in
the tape. All dyes are hypoallergenic, and naturally derived
from plant extracts. Kinesio Canine Tape is lightweight,
breathable, and allows full range of motion. It can be left on
Kinesio Canine Tape 24 hours a day for up to five days.
adhesive’s Follicular Stimuli All canine therapeutic tape is not made the same, so there
pattern, design patent may be differences in how you need to apply it. Kinesio
pending. Canine Tape is recommended for use with the applications
in Kinesio Taping Canine for Dog Lovers book. Care should
be taken when removing the tape from the dog’s fur.

Introducing Our NEW Book:
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Kinesio Taping Canine for Dog Lovers
Kinesio Tape and
the Kinesio Taping Taping Applications Included:
Method have been used • Whiplash
successfully to treat a • Abnormal Curvature of the Spine
variety of orthopedic, • Round Back (spine curvature due to aging)
neuromuscular, • Sinus Pressure
neurological, and medical • Sun Protection for Light-Nosed Dogs
conditions not only for • Forelimb Injury
people but for horses, • Chest (Pictured below)
dogs, and other small • Meniscus
animals worldwide. • Hip Dysplasia
Our new book discusses • Foreleg Damage Impacting Paw Flexion
what to look for and • And much more.
describes symptoms to
help a dog owner quickly Always consider the history or circumstances surrounding
discover the best Certified the appearance of pain or injury. Always talk with your
Kinesio Taping application veterinarian and discuss your dog’s health and needs.
to use. Included are clearly written, step by step directions Also Available as On-Demand Course only at
and detailed illustrations to help dog owners easily apply KinesioTaping.com
Kinesio Taping canine applications to the target areas.
Shoulder Muscle Even dogs can “tweak” their

muscles while playing.
Pectoralis Increased body tension or flinching
may be a response to pain.
Torn or Detached Biceps Brachii Chest Area

1. Put the base of the I-Cut over the biceps brachii. 1. Anchor the tape on the outside of the shoulder joint.
2. Put the forefoot forward and apply the tape around the 2. Place a Y-Cut toward the sternum from the outside of
humeral head. the shoulder joint with a tension of 20%.
3. Then stretch the forefoot to the back and apply tape to 3. Put the tail of the Y-Cut along the pectoral muscle also
the elbow proximal to distal 20% tension. Make sure to with a tension of 20%. Rub to activate the adhesive
rub the application to activate the adhesive.
01 02 01 02
03 03

Unique Qualities of Kinesio Tex Tapes Color Therapy
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• Tape is either 100% cotton and elastic fibers or a blend The Unique Qualities of Kinesio Tapes
of cotton/polyester and elastic. • Beige was the original color.
• Tape is applied to paper with 10% stretch • Red (pink) and blue were developed for color therapy.
• Tape’s elasticity is 40-60% of its resting length • Black was developed for athletes and the color has heat
(Depending on tape width, narrower strips will stretch absorbing properties.
more easily) • The Tex Gold Light Touch+ is available in pastel orange,
• Tape stretches along longitudinal axis only green, purple, pink, yellow and blue.
(Performance+ tape has a small multi-directional • All tape is manufactured with identical properties; dyes
stretch.) are hypoallergenic.
• Tape’s thickness and weight are similar to skin • The color is a matter of preference-different colors do
• Tape adhesive is 100% medical grade, acrylic, and heat- not mean different tape.
activated.
• No medicine in tape
• Latex Free
Fabric made by Kinesio
Backing paper specific

to Kinesio Tex adhesive
Exclusive Kinesio logo Kinesio stickiness

to ensure its authentic preserves the natural
Kinesio Tape integrity of the skin

Kinesio Taping Method Skin Sensitivity
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The Kinesio Taping Method has been used successfully to Depending on the individual, the thickness and weight of the
treat a variety of orthopedic, neuromuscular, neurological, tape will feel differently on the same membrane.
and medical conditions, not only for people but for horses, People with thin skin may be too sensitive to stimulation
dogs, and other small animals worldwide. The list is endless. (Sensory hypersensitivity, CRP, autoimmune diseases, etc.).
When applied appropriately as an adjunct to conventional People with thick skin may experience Hypoesthesia, no
therapies, Kinesio Taping helps to optimize results and notice of the progression of inflammation (symptoms), and
prolong the benefits of treatments for these and other no notice of any abnormality.
conditions: Both skin types can cause the body to modulate if they
• Overworked Muscles & Joints go too far. Kinesio Taping can cope with the modulation
• Headaches excesses of either thin or thick skin.
• Achilles Tendonitis FP, LT, P+ - Gentle taping stimulation and techniques to
• Hallux Valgus (bunions) relieve irritability.
• Frozen Shoulder CL, P+ - Have characteristics that can withstand strong
• Brachial Plexus Syndrome stimuli. Process of educating sensation by applying stimulus
• Whiplash to necessary place using elongation rate and technique.
• Chronic Neck & Back Discomfort
• Discomfort from Arthritis
• TFCC Strain
• Swelling and Edema
• Much more!
Adhesive is unique to Unique wave pattern for

each type of Kinesio each type of tape
Tex tape
Logo is printed in
Consistent breathability:
natural based ink Allows skin to breathe through
never compromising recoil, all areas of fabric
breathability, stretch or tension

All Elastic Therapeutic Tapes Are Not
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Created Equally
• Each brand of elastic therapeutic tape is different…
• Paper-off tension: the fabric is applied to the paper with
different tensions making paper-off tension variable
• Amount and quality of adhesive: using more adhesive
and more aggressive adhesive makes it difficult to tape
many populations
• Quality of elastic: a wide variety of flexibility, resilience,
and adaptability requires different application methods
Look the Same but a Different Tape Quality
Kinesio Taping Quality
Printing on top of thread means losing some essential
properties and creating uneven flow.
Our truly integrated logo ensures consistent function across
all tape.
Compared to Other Brands
By not providing consistent stretch and recoil for the body:
• Taping Method cannot yield reliable and reliable results
What can be imitated and what cannot be done,

and Impossible things in other manufacturers
What can be imitated?
• Shape
• Color
• Similar Applications
• Characteristics (elasticity · water repellency etc.)
Things that cannot be imitated

• Tape quality which supports a variety of patients’ needs
• Assessment for grasping a patients’ symptoms
• Taping techniques for Acute, Rehab and Preventive
• Continuous clinical research for over 40 Years.
Most elastic therapeutic / Kinesiology tape brands print the

ink for logos and patterns right on top of the tape. This creates
an uneven stretch and pressure from the pattern and can
create bubbles in the adhesive, leading to uneven results.
In the photos above you can see the side-by-side closeup Kinesio weaves the logo or pattern right into the tape fabric for
comparison of patterns and logos sprayed on top of the fabric an even stretch and consistent function of the tape for more
which means losing some function of the tape. effective patient outcomes.

Why Using Authentic Kinesio Tape Influences increased micro-stimulation to the epidermis with EDF tape
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Patient Results application. FP mimics the gentle human touch yet provides
Today there are several hundred elastic therapeutic tapes a more effective hold and improved breathability than the
in the world. Many of them use the elastic therapeutic tape Classic wave design. This is the Kinesio ReEvolution.
category and other brands use other titles for their tape. Kinesio is the authentic brand of elastic therapeutic taping.
Some brands base their color or pattern production to Kinesio has the longest experience in taping the world
differentiate themselves in the market and many brands for health and the most science behind treating patients
duplicate Kinesio terminology and wording. Many other through Tape With Wisdom.
brands even reference Dr. Kenzo Kase in their marketing or
publications. Many publications confuse Kinesio with brands What is an EDF Medical Taping Application?
that share similar initials or use the registered brand name of EDF is a patented Kinesio application in this course that
Kinesio as a blanket reference to all elastic therapeutic tapes. applies Kinesio tape to the micro layers at the surface of the
epidermis. Dr. Kase designed Kinesio Medical Taping (KMT)
So, how does one know the difference, and why does the and EDF applications because he wanted to stimulate the
difference matter? One reason is that Kinesio Tex Tape Epidermis. Kinesio Tex Gold FP tape is used for EDF taping
is made specifically for the Kinesio Taping Method, by applications because it can be cut thinly so the application
Cre-Med, where every roll of tape undergoes a 12-step is lighter and can stimulate the surface of the skin and the
quality check to ensure quality, consistency, safety, and epidermis. EDF taping applications have slits to elevate
effectiveness. Cre-Med, short for Creative Medicine, is space and stimulate more lift in the epidermis layers. In
an ISO:13485 & ISO:9001 facility located in the beautiful addition to this by spreading out the application and over
Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA and is the exclusive overlapping layers, an EDF application can lift and elevate
manufacturer for Kinesio Tape. Kinesio Tex tape is created the space between the tissue layers in the Epidermis. This
with cutting-edge, evidence-based technology and hybrid new concept of KMT is the Kinesio Taping Method focused
materials that can only be found in Kinesio products. Dr. on stimulation to skin layers at a very micro level. Dr. Kase
Kase’s tape started it all - no other elastic therapeutic tape needed a tool that complimented KMT and he envisioned
brand manufacturer has the wisdom, research, experience, FP as the Kinesio Tape product that went above and beyond
and revolutionary genius to which Dr. Kenzo Kase has anything he had created prior to that. The tape needed to
dedicated his life, in an effort to bring you all of the Kinesio be light on the skin and have a delayed stick adhesive that
Taping tools. allowed a practitioner to reposition tape strips for more
What is Micro-grip technology? What is Fingerprint effective stimulation. That is why Kinesio FP tape is so
technology? Using the results of years of research, lightweight and includes technology in the adhesive to allow
development, and clinical use, Fingerprint technology, very thin strips of tape to be repositioned as needed.
or FP, is Kinesio patented Nano-touch technology for

Kinesio Foundations Course Chapter 1
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Pre-Course Part 2 - Handling the Tape

Basic Tape Terminology stretching force. Kinesio Tex Tapes recoil toward the Anchor
Anchor: Beginning of application; 0% tension applied in or toward the center of the tape at tensions of 50% or below.
neutral position.
Stimulus: Something that has an impact or an effect on an
End: Last part of tape that is laid down; 0% tension applied in organism so that its behavior is modified in a detectable
stretching position way. We use this term to describe the effect of the tape on
Therapeutic Zone: Portion of tape between anchor and end; the skin or the amount of input the tissue needs to respond
applied to target tissue usually on stretched tissue in a healthy or therapeutic manner.
Target Tissue: Tissue that requires treatment • Stimulus is High/Intense or Low/Gentle as well as
Superficial or Deep.
Proximal: Attachment closest to mid-line of the body (origin)
• Stimulus is the total effect of the cut and the tension in
Distal: Attachment furthest from mid-line (insertion) a Kinesio Taping Application.
Tension: longitudinal deformation of an elastic body that Low tensions (50% or below) offer more gentle, superficial
results in elongation. We use % to describe how long to stimulus. High tensions (above 50%) offer more intense,
make the tape for each application. deeper stimulus. Narrow cuts and those with tails, webs or
Stretch: to draw tight or taut. We use this term to describe holes offer lower or more superficial stimulus. Wide,solid
how the body is positioned or extension of the skin to limit cuts offer higher and deeper stimulus
skin folds We will be combining different cuts and tensions to offer
Therapeutic Direction Recoil: Reaction of elastic to a the most beneficial therapeutic stimulus.
Kinesio Tex Tape Skin Care Tape Cuts

• Prior to tape application, make sure the skin is clean. The skin should be free
of oils, lotions and be dry. Anything that limits the acrylic adhesive’s ability to
adhere to the skin will limit both effectiveness and length of application.
• Be aware if an individual has had a previous skin reaction to the tape. If client
reports history of tape allergies, apply a magnesium antacid liquid to skin
over target tissue (external application not internal).
• Remove if itching, burning, blistering or increased pain occurs.
I-Cut: Cut to the length for
• Tape may not be appropriate for some of your patients.
application. Round each end.
• Consult with physician any time there is a “precaution” or concern about
Tension is focused within the
using Kinesio Tex Tape on a patient. Apply only with permission from client’s
therapeutic zone directly over target
physician.
tissue.
Safety in Taping and the Importance of a Test Patch High level of stimulus
• Effective treatment between • 1-2 blocks
professional visits • Applied with no tension to
• Latex free abdomen or treatment area
• Safe for all populations • Evaluate for sensitivity
• Test Patch
Patch test with the patient before you
apply a Kinesio tape application for the
first time. Patch testing is a method of
testing a small piece of Kinesio tape to
see how it will work on the skin. This X-Cut: Cut the tape in an I-cut. Cut
test should not be ignored especially the tape half width from both ends to
in the case of a patient who has form an X-cut. Round each end.
never tried Kinesio tape. Patch testing Tension is focused directly over
properly is a reliable and easy way target tissue and dispersed through
to test for any skin reactions before tails at each end.
applying an application. Moderate level of stimulus

Pre-Course
Y-Cut: Cut the tape in an I-cut, cut Web Cut: Cut the tape in an I-cut.
down the middle to the specified Fold tape in half, cut 2 to 5 lines on Donut Hole Cut
length. Round each end. the fold of the tape, leaving space at Cut the tape in an I-cut. Fold in half
Tension is dispersed through and the end for the anchor. Both ends are and cut a dime size hole on the
between two tails over target issue. rounded. fold. The hole should be slightly
Low Level of Stimulus Tension is dispersed through and smaller than the area to be treated
between slits over target tissue. but should never be larger than 50%
Very Low Level of Stimulus of the Kinesio Tex Tape width. The
donut hole can be either applied as
an I-Cut or with tail like an X-Cut.
Tension is dispersed through the
therapeutic zone into the tails,
avoiding contact with the most
sensitive tissue.
Low Level of Stimulus
EDF Web Cut: Cut the tape in an
I-cut. Cut 5cm (2 inch) wide strip Fan Cut: Cut the tape in an I-cut.
in half lengthwise, resulting in two At one end, cut 3 lines to create a 4
2.5cm (1 inch) strips. Fold tape in tail fan effect or cut 4 lines to create
half, cut 5 lines on the fold of the 5 tails fan, leaving 2.5-5cm (1-2
tape, leaving space at the end for the inches) at the end for the anchor.
anchor. Both ends are rounded. Only the base of the cut is rounded.
Tension is dispersed through and Tension is dispersed over target
between slits over target tissue. tissue through multiple tails.
Low to Moderate Level of Stimulus Very Low Level of Stimulus
Jellyfish Application: Cut the tape
in an I-cut. Cut 5cm (2 inch) wide
strip in half, resulting in two 2.5cm
(1 inch) strips. Fold each strip in half
and cut a dime size hole on the fold.
Cut three lines from both ends to
form a crab leg cut. Cut 0.625cm
(1/4 inch) wide I-cut that matches
the length of the outer circumference
Basket Weave Cut: Cut the tape in of the applied crab leg cuts. This
an I-cut. Fold tape in half and cut two strip is used to hold crab legs in
parallel and evenly spaced slits on place.
Snowflake Cut: Cut the tape in an
fold. Unfold, then fold the tape about Tension is dispersed through and
I-cut. Fold Tape in half and cut two
2.5cm (1 inch) from previous fold. Cut between slits over target tissue.
small parallel and evenly spaced
three parallel and evenly spaced slits, Very Low Level of Stimulus
slits. Then from the end of the slit,
measure 1.5cm (½ inch), then fold with the ends of the slits overlapping
tape again to create another 2 slits. the two parallel slits. Repeat on other
Continue this on both sides ensuring side of original two slits. Repeat 2-3-
that you have 2.5cm (1 inch) tape 2 slit pattern leaving 2.5cm (1 inch) at
uncut on the ends. Round each end. the ends for the anchor.
Tension is dispersed through and Tension is dispersed through and
between slits over target tissue. between slits over target tissue.
Very Low Level of Stimulus Low to Moderate Level of Stimulus

High Tension Precautions Kinesio Tex Gold FP tape is also available in a 2.5cm (1 inch)
Pre-Course
Increased unidirectional pull on the skin can cause blistering and 7.5cm (3 inch) width. The 2.5cm (1 inch) wide Kinesio
or micro trauma, increasing edema and hemorrhage. Tex Tape is commonly used for finger or neurological taping
Over stimulation of sensory receptors may increase pain while the 7.5cm (3 inch) wide Kinesio Tex Tape may be
or produce itching. Educate your patient about these required for larger individuals and/or athletes.
precautions and possible skin reactions. Give patients Not sure which Kinesio Tex Tape you are using? Each tape
permission to remove tape if it is uncomfortable/painful has its name/logo on the paper backing to indicate which
after leaving the clinic. Teach them how to remove tape tape it is.
safely to protect the skin.
Not suitable for all patients
• Fragile Skin
• Sunburn
• Irritated skin
• Tape sensitivities
• Pain with pressure /palpation
Understanding Kinesio Tex Tape
Note lines on paper backing. Each block is 2” or 5 cm. Kinesio
Tex Tape, commonly referred to as Kinesio Tape, may be
purchased in various widths, lengths and colors. The 5cm
(2 inch) wide Kinesio Tex Tape is available in three different
lengths, 4m (13.1 ft), 5m (16.4 ft) and a bulk length that is
31.5m (103.3 ft), making it ideal for clinical or regular use.
Backing Paper Removal: Roll Method

Catch front. Gently roll while pulling away edge of tape down
from paper.
Backing Paper Removal: Tear Method Feel the Stretch of Kinesio Tex Tape
Gently pull paper. Pull from both ends to stretch tape.
Tear paper from tape.

01. Basic Tension Lab
Pre-Course
1. Cut one block of tape horizontally across the roll, then
cut the block lengthwise in half along the dotted lines on
paper.
2. Apply one cut strip to the dorsum of flexed index finger,
remove all paper. Allow tape to recoil fully and apply to
skin. Rub tape to activate adhesive.
3. Apply the other cut strip to the dorsum of another flexed
finger using full (100%) tension and rub tape to activate
adhesive.
4. Cut another half block from the roll horizontally.
5. Apply strip to the dorsum of another flexed finger, pulling
hard. Flex and straighten your fingers to compare the
02. feeling.
03.
Kinesio Taping Contraindications

Do Not Apply Kinesio Tex • Over open wounds or
Tape: healing skin
• Overactive malignancy • Over Deep Vein
site Thrombosis (clots)
• Overactive cellulitis or • Previous skin reaction to
04. skin infection

Kinesio Taping Precautions
this product
• Diabetes • Lymphoedema
• Kidney Disease • Respiratory Conditions
• Congestive Heart Failure • Organ Transplants
• CAD or Bruits in the • Pregnancy
Carotid Artery
Be aware that taping for these conditions may require
physician approval

Tension Matters PercentagePercentage of Available
of Available Stretch. Stretch
Pre-Course
Tension plays a large role in the consistency and the results

of the Kinesio application treatment. When applying Kinesio
Ultra Light 0-5%
Tape it is important to have the correct amount of tension.
If too much tension is applied the results are diminished
and it may cause damage to the skin. It is better to not have Super Light 0-10%
enough tension than too much. Tape stretch tensions are
listed as a percentage and are based on 100% of available Paper Off 10-15%
stretch.
Light 10-25%
Rule of Thirds
The Greater the Tension, The Moderate 25-35%
Longer the Anchors and Ends.
For tensions from 0-50%,
Severe 50-75%
Anchors and Ends measure
about ½ -1 block.
For tensions above 50%, Full 75-100%
Anchors and Ends each
measure 1/3 the length of the tape. There should beshould
There zero bepercent (0%)(0%)
zero percent tension in anchor
Longer Anchors and Ends dissipate tension decreasing risks tension in anchor and ends.
of skin reaction.
Never apply any tension on Anchors and Ends.
Tape Removal - Healthy Tape Removal Methods “PRESSURE” Method

Good tape removal techniques are necessary to limit skin Pull edge of tape away from skin.
reactions. Place index finger on top of tape with deep pressure.
If the skin is damaged upon tape removal, repeated Continue to apply deep pressure as you remove tape.
applications will be delayed.
Removing tape while in a hot shower or bath is not
recommended as the warmth may increase tape adhesive
properties.
Liquid soap, hand lotion or oil (baby, mineral or olive) may be
applied to the tape to break the adhesive bonds comfortably,
then use one of the three removal methods.
Educate patients in proper care and safe removal of the tape
with every application.
Removal of Kinesio Tex Tape

“ROLL” Method
Remove in direction of hair growth. “SKIN FROM TAPE” Method
Lift edge of tape and stick tape to itself. Lift edge of tape
Roll the tape off using the hand to brush/pat skin gently to Guide skin back from under the tape.
reduce discomfort. Repeat in small sections until tape is removed completely.

Therapeutic Direction and Recoil Convolutions
Pre-Course
Recoil toward the Anchor Tape Changes the Skin
Convolutions are the physical effect of the tape on the
tissue. Convolutions will appear in proportion to the
elasticity of the tissues. Convolutions may be caused by the
mechanical folding of the skin cells under the tape and a
directional change in skin cell orientation.
Tape Jean Claude Guimberteau. Attempt to Explain the Efficiency of

Taping through Endoscopic Observations. Oral/Video Presentation;
Application 30th Annual Kinesio Taping Association International Symposium,
Tokyo, November 2015
Direction
Tape
Recoil
Direction
Recoil toward the center.
Skin surface convolutions caused by tape recoil.
Patient Education
Once the application is complete it is important to instruct
the patient about a few areas of concern. Educate the patient
with regards to therapeutic purpose, and management of
the tape as it may be worn for multiple days. During the first
few days, if an edge of the tape has begun to lift, it can be
trimmed.
The tape needs approximately 20-30 minutes to gain full
adhesive strength. Exercise or activities which may initiate
perspiration should not occur until the adhesive is well set.
The tape can be worn for 3-5 days and bathing or swimming
is allowed. It is important to pat the tape dry. Do not use a
blow dryer either to initiate adhesive or to dry Kinesio Tex
Tape. The use of any form of heat will cause the acrylic
adhesive to become very difficult to remove.
If the patient experiences skin irritation, pain, localized
reaction to the adhesive or any negative symptom after the
Kinesio Tex Tape Application, instruct the patient to remove
the Kinesio Tex Tape application using safe methods.

01.
Pre-Course
02.
03. 04.
Skin surface convolutions caused by tape recoil.
Convolutions Lab
Physical Effects of Tape on the Skin in the
Thoracolumbar Region
Measure from crest of Sacrum to approximately T10,
allowing 1/2-1 block each for anchor and end.
Cut two Kinesio I-Cuts.
Round ends of tape.
1. In neutral posture, anchor the first I-Cut just below the
left SI region with no tension.
Tissue Stretch Position: Lumbar Spine flexion
2. Apply Therapeutic Zone of tape by keeping paper very
close to the skin. This transfers the 10% tension from
the paper to the skin.
3. End I-Cut with no tension in stretched position. Rub
tape vigorously enough to create warmth to activate the
adhesive.
4. Apply right I-Cut - Anchor with no tension in neutral
Tissue Stretch Position: lumbar flexion. Apply with
“paper off tension”. Apply End with no tension in
stretched position. Rub to activate adhesive while tissue
is stretched.
Completed Application:
Kinesio I-Cuts, Paper-off tension (10-15%)
Note physical effects of tape: convolutions.

Table of Techniques
Pre-Course
The following chart is a quick reference guide showing the taping application direction and amounts of recommended
tension that should be applied for a given Kinesio Taping technique.
Technique Anchor Therapeutic Zone End
EDF(E) 0% Neutral Comfort stretch 0-5% tension 0% Stretch position
Distal – pain Target tissue Proximal
According to KDA (E) 1st & 2nd layers 5-10% tension Distal
Proximal
Distal 3rd layer 0-5% tension Proximal
EDF(D) 0% Neutral Stretch target 5-10% tension 0% Stretch position
Proximal Tissue Distal
According to KDA (D) 1st & 2nd layers 5-10% tension Distal
Proximal
EDF(F) 0% Neutral Stretch target 5-10% tension 0% Stretch position
Proximal Tissue Distal
According to KDA (D) 1st layer 0-10% tension Distal
Proximal
Fascia 0% Neutral Neutral or gentle stretch 10-50% tension 0%
According to clock Target tissue According clock
Space No Anchor Stretch target tissue 10-35% tension 0% Stretch position
Overactive 0% Neutral Stretch position 15-25% tension 0% Stretch position
Muscle
Correction
Osteo-tend Distal Target muscle Osteo-tend Proximal
Underactive Co 0% Neutral Stretch position 15-35% tension 0% Stretch position
Muscle
Osteo-tend Proximal Target muscle Osteo-tend Distal
Mechanical 0% Target tissue 50–75% tension 0% Stress
Correction
According to clock Desired position + press Position
Tendon 0% Neutral Target tendon 50-75% tension 0% Stress
Correction
Osteo-Tend Distal Stretch position Osteo-tend Proximal
Ligament 0% Neutral Distal Target tissue short position apply 50-100% Apply end 0% tension
Correction tension target zone
Functional 0% Neutral Distal Target tissue short position apply 50-75% Apply end 0% tension in short
Correction tension target zone position one hand anchor, other
hand end
Move target zone to stretch position and
move hands toward center of tape applying
therapeutic zone.
Snowflake 0% Neutral Target tissue 20% tension + Ends 0%
Neutral Stretch position Stretch position
Lymphatic 0% Neutral Proximal Target tissue 0-20% tension + Ends 0%
Correction
Proximal lymph Stretch position Stretch position
station

Review of Chapter 1
Pre-Course
Pre-Course
Who is Dr. Kenzo Kase? And why is this important? What Kinds of Animal Tape does Kinesio produce?
What is a CKTP? Where do you buy authentic Kinesio Tape?
Who uses Kinesio Tape? Why is checking paper backing so important?
What is Kinesio Medical Taping? And how is this What are the High-Tension Precautions?
different from regular taping? Why is a test patch important?
What are some unique qualities of Kinesio Tex tapes?
NOTES

KMT ™
Chapter 2 Kinesio Medical Taping
KMT™
Differences Between Kinesio Taping Method and Kinesio Medical Taping
Kinesio Taping Method (KTM) Kinesio Medical Taping (KMT)

Example: I and Y-Cuts Example: EDF and Jellyfish applications.
1. Higher tension taping technique. 1. Lower tension and thinly cut taping applications.
2. Focus on muscle, tendon, and ligament stimulation 2. Focus on skin and fascia stimulation
3. Reduces Pain. 3. Corrects the function of skin (epidermis, dermis and
4. Improves deep fluid (lymphatic, etc.) circulation. subcutaneous tissue)
5. Corrects muscle function. 4. Improves superficial fluid (capillaries, micro-lymph
6. Corrects distortion of joints. and interstitial) circulation
5. Reduces sharp pain
6. Promotes healing of open wounds
7. Reduces swelling
The Kinesio Taping Method (KTM) was designed to facilitate Kinesio Tex Tape and Human Body Systems
the body’s natural healing process while providing support The human body is made of biological systems that work
and stability to muscles and joints without restricting the together to facilitate normal body function or homeostasis.
body’s range of motion. Over the years we have observed These biological systems have therapeutic application and
that applying tape to the epidermis may provide pain relief. work with Kinesio Taping and the body’s natural healing
This is a benefit, but it also helps the patient feel better, power.
which can move forward the rehabilitation and healing
process.
Dr. Kase’s newly created technique which focuses on the
layers of the epidermis is called Kinesio Medical Taping
(KMT). In the medical field, this methodological approach
to the skin is beginning to be used in order to address
daily pain, suffering, and heaviness such as heart disease,
digestive problems, back injuries, and sleep disturbances
caused by autonomic nerves.
Kinesio Medical Taping refers to tapes and taping methods
that can address the skin in shallower layers than the fascia
and muscles that are primarily addressed by the Kinesio
Taping Method. By performing Kinesio Medical Taping, it has
become possible to actively approach symptoms that were
previously difficult to obtain with the Kinesio Taping Method.
The skin that a therapist touches while imagining the
condition inside the body is the key to boosting the body’s
immunity, and Kinesio Medical Taping is to continuously
stimulate the skin.
Dr. Kase believes that being aware of this will significantly
change your way of thinking about illness, injury, pain and
swelling. Utilizing Kinesio Medical Taping and Kinesio Taping
Method at the same time creates a hybrid taping method
that affects the structure, function, and immunity of the body
while addressing conditions (acute, subacute, rehabilitative,
chronic, preventative) through taping.

Human Body Systems Affected by Kinesio Newest Science: Skin & Subcutaneous Tissue
Taping: Every Injury is Influenced By These Densities
Systems Cross section from skin to muscle – collagen is stained
• The muscular system which supports the body and green, muscle and keratin are stained red. Picture Credit:
movement. Scientific American3
KMT™
• The nervous system which supports body function and
sensation.
• The circulatory system which consists of arteries, and
capillaries.
• The lymphatic system which drains fluid, eliminates
waste and proteins. It is interesting to note that
current research links the lymphatic system fluids with
interstitial fluid. Interstitial fluid is found in the spaces
between the cells1.
• The integumentary system which is the skin (and the
largest organ) as it covers the body and protects it. The
skin has 3 layers: Epidermis, Dermis and Fascia.
Major Physiological Systems Affected by Kinesio

Tex Tape Epidermis
1. Skin
Dermis
2. Nervous
3. Subcutaneous (Fascia) Fascia
4. Muscle
5. Joint
6. Circulatory/Lymphatic
Traditional Thinking: Multi Layer Concept of

the Body
Meet Your Interstitium, a Newfound “Organ”1
The Interstitium is described as a new organ of the human
body. Researchers say this body-wide network is made up
of interconnected, fluid-filled spaces supported by a lattice
of strong, flexible proteins. If considered as an organ, it is the
largest organ of the human body and accounts for 20% of
body weight. (In contrast skin is 16%) Running through the
body, the interstitial fluid is said to help with the regeneration
and restoration of cells.
Histologic section of small intestine, interstitial fluid can

be found throughout the GI trac, including the intestine.

Newest Science: The Systems Glide and Slide
Skin System
• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Subcutaneous Tissue
Fascial System
KMT™
• Superficial
• Deep
Muscle System
• Superficial
• Middle
• Deep
Each system moves independently and interdependently.
Causes of Skin, Fascia and Muscle Weakness

55%-80% of the human body is fluid4. Throughout the body,
fluid exists as intracellular and interstitial and serves as a
cushioning agent for shocks and pressures, both inside and
outside of the body. When fluid is decreased in the skin this
will cause the skin to wrinkle5. A decrease in fluid content in
the skin layers also results in a decrease in circulation and
a change in the body’s ability to regulate temperature. A
reduction of fluid in muscle tissues leads to fibrosis of the
muscle fibers or a loss of muscle mass. The decrease of
fluid in the epidermis is the root cause of a lowered barrier
function in the skin.
Dr. Jean-Claude Guimberteau has filmed the

interconnections of tissues in moving structures in vivo.
His work demonstrates that there are no distinct layers of
tissues. Because of these interconnections, we can treat the
skin to influence deeper tissues.

From Biotensegrity to Kinesio Taping Vicious Cycle
What is Biotensegrity?
Stephen Levin’s concept is that the body is not a system of
levers, but, rather, stabilized by tension and compression Muscle
Dysfunction
elements10. Tissues distribute tension in a hierarchical and
KMT™
organized way. Physical force applied to cells is transformed Proprioceptive Shear
Force
in cytoskeleton to chemicalsignal; process known as Dysfunction
mechanotransduction11.
Application of Kinesio Tex Tape changes the tension
elements in tissues which then react and compensate . PAIN
Rigidity of the structure then changes over time.
Tissue
Damage
Physical Effects of Kinesio Taping Applications

on the Skin
• Alters shape and position of epidermal cells.
• Provides continual stimulation to sensory receptors in
the skin over an extended period.
• Transmits surface stimulation to deeper tissues of
fascia and muscle.
Picture Credit: http://www.magicalrobot.org/BeingHuman/2010/04/

introduction-to-biotensegrity
Movement before stabilization produces shear forces

both locally and globally – leads to tension, overstretched
muscles, torsion, and compression.
Tissue damage: abnormal stresses produce changes
in tissues’ cellular structure – decrease load ability of
anatomical structures.
Symptoms Associated with Injury
Symptomatic tissue damage:
• Tightness
• Intermittent pain
• Acute pain
• Proprioception affected leading to altered
neuromuscular patterns

Kinesio Taping may Reduce Shear and Tissue Neurological Effects of Kinesio Taping Through
Movements During Lumbar Flexion12 the Skin
Comparison of tissue movements and tissue boundary
shear before and after Kinesio Taping applied. Red bars
Sensory-Motor Cortex Communication
When skin receptors are stimulated they transmit messages
represent data when Kinesio Taping was applied, while blue
to the Central Nervous System13. Placing tape on skin begins
KMT™
represents data without tape application.

a process of stimulus encoding throughout the Central
Nervous System.
Rostral
Anterior
Comparison of Boundary Shear

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Skin / Subcutaneous / Peri-Muscular /
Subcutaneous Peri-Muscular Muscle

Neurological Effects of Kinesio Taping Through
the Skin
Sensation:
Sensory receptors absorb energy from a physical stimulus
in the environment. This stimulation produces neural
KMT™
impulses14. The brain interprets these impulses as touch,
sound, visual image, odor, taste, pain, etc...

Embryology Differentiation of Tissues15
Ectoderm: The Outer Layer Endoderm: The Innermost Layer
Brain, peripheral nervous system, epidermis, hair. GI tract, respiratory tract, endocrine system, urinary system,
auditory system.
Mesoderm: The Middle Layer
Dermis, muscles, skeletal system, circulatory system, fascia.
KMT™

Receptors14,16,17 Pain Relief
Krause’s Bulb. Sensitive to Cold. Causes the skin Relieving pain is among the primary concepts of Kinesio
contraction and vasoconstriction to hold heat in via Medical Taping. This approach to addressing pain is called
the arrector pili muscles of the hair follicles creating “gate control theory.” The theory explains that non-painful
“goosebumps.” sensations can reduce painful sensations so that you don’t
Merkel Disks. Continuous Tactile Stimulation.
KMT™
feel pain18. This can apply to Kinesio Taping as there are
Meissner’s Corpuscles. Light Touch Sensitive. many nerves in the skin and by applying a weak stimulus
Free Nerve Endings. Pain, Touch, Pressure and Temperature (make sure it is not too strong) with the tape, the nerves
Sensitive. work to hinder the transmission of pain. This effect occurs
Pacinian Corpuscles. Pressure and Vibration Sensitive. naturally when you put tape on for the purpose of fluid
Ruffini Corpuscles. Continuous Touch and Pressure, Heat movement or muscle function.
Sensitive. However, when there is a strong pain, it makes sense to
Hair Follicles. Nerve endings are deep in the dermis and target the area of pain for relief. In that case we recommend
stimulate by hair movement to facilitate contraction and Kinesio Medical Taping using a web cut, snowflake, fan cut
relaxation of the erector pili muscles. or an EDF taping application.

Pain Gate Theory
KMT™
The nerves are slow19

due to being thin.
Kinesio Medical Taping provides joint and muscle taping, tape to the epidermis in some cases provides instant pain
stabilizing techniques, and fan cuts for edema and bruising. relief. This is a benefit itself, but it also helps the patient to
These all work with the lifting action (the negative pressure) feel better and thus can move forward the rehab or healing
of the tape. Over the years I have observed that applying process.
Pain Gate Theory

With Kinesio Taping

Gate Theory and Neuromatrix Theory of Pain20 Neurological Effects of Kinesio Taping through
Pain is a multidimensional experience. the Skin -Pain Relief Research
Stimulation of sensory receptors locally can alter input to the “Pain diminishing effects of Kinesio Taping in patients
brain to elicit a sensory response to decrease the perception after sternotomy.”21
of pain. Painful stimulation can be modulated by interaction Patients received Epidermis Taping after heart surgery and
KMT™
between different neurons, both pain-transmitting and non- were compared to control group receiving no taping. Pain
pain-transmitting. Pain can be produced by a wide neural report, opioid pain medication use, and patient perception
network in the brain rather than solely by nociceptive stimuli. of lung function were compared. Patients in taping group
Multiple factors act on the neuromatrix sensory inputs: reported significantly less pain, consumed less pain
Visual, Cognitive, Stress, Emotional, and Neural Inhibitory medication, and reported a significantly improved perception
Modulation. of respiration.
Comparison of Requests for Analgesic Pain Reliever
Need for pirittramide (mg/d)

4
3.5
3
Dipidolor (mg/d)
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
No Tape Tape
Mean 3 1.55
Need for paracetamol (g/d)

1.6
1.4
1.2
Paracetamol (g/d)
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 No Tape Tape
Mean 1.33 0.93

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
An imaging procedure that measures brain activity by
detecting changes in blood flow and oxygen uptake22.
Cerebral blood flow and neuronal activity are directly linked.
When an area of the brain is in use, both blood flow and
KMT™
oxygen uptake increase. Colors demonstrate areas of brain

working above resting metabolism.
Picture Credit: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC162
fMRI Pilot Study fMRI Pilot Study Results

Subjects included 10 healthy individuals between the ages Image shows both effects (with Kinesio and without Kinesio
of 18-36 years. superimposed)
Control Group: No tape Red: areas activated without Kinesio Taping
Experimental Group: Kinesio Tape application Blue: areas activated with Kinesio Taping
Kinesio Tape application: Epidermis taping Purple: overlap of both activations
0% tension Blue areas are more extensive and in brain areas not
D to P previously activated.
Conducted by Gustavo Mendoza, MD, CKTI, 2015 fMRI Pilot Study Conclusion
Some Kinesio applications promote a continuous cortical
stimulation that changes the perception.
Kinesio Taping has a potential use for:
• Muscle activation model
• Pain perception model
• Proprioception perception model
• Postural correction model

Neurological Effects of Kinesio Taping (EDF Taping) Through the Skin
Hans-Michael Klein, Professor, MD, PhD
Pain Management after Thoracic Surgery Using Kinesio Taping
“Kinesio Taping is a useful method to
Associate Professor, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery,
support invasive surgery and provide Düsseldorf University Medical School
KMT™
systematic analgesic.” Stem Cell Therapy Breakthrough:
27th Annual Kinesio Taping Symposium, Düsseldorf, Germany
Hans-Michael Klein, Professor, MD, PhD

KMT™
Epidermis Stimulation and Importance of the retina (Expressions of rod and cone photoreceptor-
The Epidermis like proteins in human epidermis)24
What is the optimal stimulus for treatment at the epidermis • Suitable temperature for horny layer repair
level? The stimuli used for past and present treatments is
• Stratum corneum repair and sound waves
based on the concept of Space, Movement, Cooling (Ku
(Acceleration of permeability barrier recovery by
Do Rei). With the EDF Method it is necessary to draw out
exposure of skin to 10–30 kHz )25
the optimal environmental and natural healing power for
cells and tissues, enhanced regenerative power, and always • Keratinocytes and water pressure (Calcium ion
consider that the body’s healing power that maintains propagation in cultured keratinocytes and other cells in
homeostasis is present in the epidermis. skin in response to hydraulic pressure stimulation)26
Tissues in the Epidermis are intimately connected • Keratinocytes and odor (capsicum components)
through the life cycle. Understanding embryology helps us (Immunoreactivity of VR1 on Epidermal Keratinocyte of
understand how the adult structure came to be as well as Human Skin)27
all human cells which differentiate from two sex cells. • Some sweet molecules such as keratinocytes and
fructose (fructose) ( Effects of topical application
Epidermis has Five Senses and Cytokines with of aqueous solutions of hexoses on epidermal
Various Functions permeability barrier recovery rate after barrier
Research has shown that the epidermis not only has a disruption)28
barrier function to protect the body from external stimuli,
• It is known that keratinocytes also produce ACTH,
but can also sense and process various stimuli.
substance P and β endorphin 29,30
Here is some of the research:
• Epidermal keratinocytes also synthesize and release
• Keratinocytes also have a set of receptors that operate
various cytokines (proteins originally released by
at hot, warm, cool, and cold temperatures (Roles
immune system cells and activating various cells) by
of Transient Receptor Potential Proteins (TRPs) in
external stimuli31. Furthermore, it has been shown that
Epidermal Keratinocytes23 (Every keratinocyte has a
nerve growth factor (NGF) is also synthesized32.
receptor that distinguishes light intensity and color in

Cells within the Epidermis34
• Keratinocytes
• Merkel Cells
• Melanocytes
• Epidermal Dendritic Cell = Langerhans’ Cell
KMT™
• Stem cells (in stratum basale)
Macrophage Monocyte Oxidative-

Stress
Cytokine Neutrophil Lymphocyte
Cytokines31-33
There are roughly 60 types of cytokines, subdivided into
about 800 types of cytokines.
The skin is a barrier from the environment and from loss of
fluid.
In many common skin diseases cytokine composition
within the skin is different and this is the result when
immune cells are recruited.
Cytokines function in healthy skin and they also contribute
to inflammation in some skin diseases.
Cytokines are active in each layer of the skin.
Epidermis encourages skin turnover.
Dermis maintains moisture necessary for skin by
increasing hyaluronic acid.
Subcutaneous tissue (fascia) useful for angiogenesis
Skin tissue expected for wound healing.
Hänel KH, Cornelissen C, Lüscher B, Baron JM. Cytokines and the

skin barrier. Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14(4):6720–6745. Published 2013
Mar 26. doi:10.3390/ijms14046720

Epidermal Stratum Corneum Layer34,35
The outermost cell layer of the human body.
The average thickness is about 0.02mm and about 20-
30% is composed of moisture.
An important role of this layer is barrier function (which
KMT™
is responsible for 90% of the barrier function to the

outside world) and the moisture retention function. The
normal stratum corneum retains moisture, maintains
smoothness and flexibility in the skin.
Epidermal Granular Layer

Two to five layers overlap, and the keratinocytes in the
granular layer gradually flatten as they approach the
surface. The granular layer is a keratin that undergoes
apoptosis (genetically programmed cell death) as it
progresses to the stratum corneum.
In other words, there is a deep metabolically active
layer and a layer that marks the transition between the
surface layers of dead cells.
The forefront of the barrier function is observable
inside and outside the body!
It has been found that preemptive immunity against
bacterial toxins can be established through an
elaborate mechanism36.
Basal Layer
The basal layer is composed of one layer of basal cells
and is arranged on the basement membrane to form
the dermis-epidermal junction.
The basal layer is composed of keratinocytes including
keratinocyte stem cells, melanocytes (pigment cells),
and Merkel cells.
The reason the epidermis regenerates smoothly is
that the epidermal stem cells exhibit the maximum
regenerative ability.

Epidermal Stratum Spinosum Layer
The stratum spinosum layer forms intercellular
lipids in the stratum corneum, preventing water from
penetrating the epidermis and forming a barrier to
prevent foreign matter from entering the body.
KMT™
The thickest layer among the layers of the epidermis,
makes filaments and starts the transcription of
proteins related to filaggrin and the peripheral zone.
The cell membranes are strongly bound by a structure
called an intercellular bridge.
This layer gives the skin strength and flexibility.
This is the region where the skin is sensitive to friction
or pressure.
Basal Membrane
The basement membrane / basal plate is one of
the barriers protecting the epithelium and plays an
important role when cancer cells invade the underlying
connective tissue37.
In abnormal conditions, collagen and laminin are made
excessively, which causes the basement membrane to
become extremely thick.
In untreated cases of diabetes, the basement
membrane of the capillaries of the eyes and kidneys
becomes particularly thick38,39.
This can cause blood vessels to malfunction and lead
to blindness and renal failure.

Review of Chapter 2
Kinesio Medical Taping
What is the focus of Kinesio Taping and Kinesio Medical Applications on the Skin?
KMT™
Taping? What is Pain Gate Theory?

What major human body systems are affected by Make sure you understand the Epidermis, and how the
Kinesio Taping? various layers function.
What are the differences between Kinesio Taping EDF Theory - How does EDF Taping work on the skin
Method (KTM) and Kinesio Medical Taping (KMT)? layers – Fascia, Dermis, and Epidermis, and why?
What are some physical effects of Kinesio Taping?
NOTES

ASSESSMENTS
Kinesio Foundations Course Chapter 3
Assessment and Hydro Kinetic Assessment
About “Kinesio Hydro Kinetic Theory “
Kinesio Hydro Kinetic Theory (hydro kinetic) is a pathology
Assessments
theory that emphasizes the flow of water in the human body.

It is also a unified theory of functional anatomy that includes
membrane tissue and water flow.
The theory is that the body’s water (interstitial fluid) reaches
every corner of the tissues and organs that make up the
body, and the water flows slowly and smoothly, activating
cells and eliminating dirt and heat.
There must be space between tissues and organs for the
interstitial fluid to flow smoothly. To do this, the tissue that
creates the space flows between the muscles that are
layered like balloons. It is thought that the water (interstitial
fluid) flowing between the balloons gives each balloon an
independent degree of freedom and activates it.
Therefore, the tissues that are likened to balloons are
Challenges for New Kinesio Taping Practitioners collectively called “membranes”.
• Proper patient assessment is critical. If the “space” of the membrane formed by the balloons
• Unlearn traditional athletic tape application methods. becomes narrower for some reason, the “movement“of
• Not just an orthopedic modality sufficient interstitial fluid will be hindered and problems will
Application Guidelines occur in “pressure” and “viscosity”. In the fluid, “heat (cold)”
• Perform assessments that are indicated and only those is generated.
within your scope of practice. In the Kinesio hydro kinetic theory, the normal flow of
• Develop problem list: pain, weakness, edema, etc. interstitial fluid in the space between the membranes
• Clean and dry skin prior to application. (fascia) of organs is regarded as the basis of the function of
• Application of the tape can be done over a slight amount the human body.
of hair. However, if there is too much body hair, the tape
Nowadays, physiology is advancing so that explanations can
will not have enough tape to skin contact to be effective.
be clearly explained, at the time this theory was advocated,
Clipping or shaving the hair may be needed.
it was not easy to imagine how the interstitial fluid that
• Measure and cut tape to cover target tissue.
immerses the body circulated in the body.
• Round edges of Kinesio Tex Tape. Tape ends are
rounded to limit the square edge of the tape from being The idea was that the stagnation of interstitial fluid would
caught or lifted by contact with clothing. Rounding the heat the free-flowing liquid and eventually it would become
edges will lengthen wear time and improve aesthetics yogurt-like and denature like cottage cheese, causing issues
resulting from fewer edges coming off. like tumors and cancer.
• Remove the backing gradually during application to The idea that interstitial fluid stagnation causes disease has
avoid tangling the tape. become a relevant theory for the Kinesio Taping Method.
• Anchor to skin, in neutral position, whenever possible.
• Tissue is stretched prior to completing tape application Kinesio Hydro Kinetic Theory and Water
within pain free range. Kinesio hydro kinetic theory is a unified theory of functional
• Appropriate tension is applied within the Therapeutic anatomy, the human body, membrane tissue and water
Zone of the tape on skin above target tissue. flow. I believe that this theory is a bridge between scientific
• Apply end of tape without tension while still in stretched modern medicine and traditional natural medicine. To
position off target tissue. understand this theory, the existence of water in the body,
• Rub tape to activate adhesive while still in stretched which is the basis of “Kinesio hydro kinetic theory” is
position. Lightly rubbing the tape activates the medical important.
grade acrylic adhesive. This encourages the tape to When something goes wrong with the human body, the
adhere quickly to the skin. human body has a system that collects water in that place.
• Reassess for therapeutic benefit.
Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid, each of the white blood cells,
• Document details of application for consistency.

red blood cells, and immune cells work to fight the disease. Summary of the Importance of Kinesio
Capillaries are not only found on the surface of the body, but Assessment
are spread all over the body in large quantities, and constantly • Dr Kase’s Space Movement Cooling (Ku Do Rei) concept
carry and collect water, blood, nutrients, oxygen, etc. is a microscopic view of the Kinesio Taping Method
Therefore, there is no doubt that water controlled by foundation and its effect on the body systems.
capillaries is one of the foundations of the body’s natural • Incorporating Kinesio Taping Therapies into a holistic
healing ability as well as oxygen transport and nutrient supply. treatment practice requires looking at more than just the
Superficial
Assessments
Of course, large vascular disorders can be life-threatening, surface of the body.
but capillary disorders are difficult to notice, and treatments • Expanding our knowledge of the body helps a Kinesio
that focus on them are difficult to identify and have unclear practitioner make a more versatile assessment of the
symptoms. We are entering an era in which medical care patient.
cannot be talked about without understanding the important • It will also allow the Kinesio practitioner to make a more
Fascia
flow of water. By understanding this, Kinesio Medical Taping informed decision of what taping application to use and
application based on the principle of “fluid fascia theory” will how that application will affect the patient below the skin.
succeed. Hydro Kinetic Theory focuses on the nature of the delicate
Kinesio Theory: Microscopic changes in cell environment fascia that affects everyday life repeatedly. The fascia
change function. is susceptible to deformation and degeneration and to
Kinesio Hydro Kinetic Theory external influences. Normal fascia moderates muscle
Explains how body fluid (more than 60% of body) moves in movement, blood and lymphatic flow to promote drainage
tissues and at the cellular level. of inflammatory substances. The hydro kinetic aspect keeps
the fascia “soft and fluffy.”
What is Kinesio Hydro Kinetic Theory?
Kinesio Medical Taping (KMT)

Source of Life (Water)
Extracellular Fluid
Intracellular Fluid Interstitial Fluid Blood/Lymph
40% 15% 5%
Nutrients
Energy Production
O2
Protein Sysnthesis
Waste Product
CO2
Adults
60%

Kinesio Hydro Kinetic Theory 1995 Kenzo Kase
Hydro Kinetic theory explains that the entire body has water
(interstitial fluid) that reaches all the tissues and organs that
make up the body, and this water flows slowly and smoothly,
activating cells and eliminating friction and heat.
In Kinesio Hydro Kinetic Theory, the normal flow of
interstitial fluid in the space between the membranes
Assessments
(fascia) or organs is regarded as the basis of the function of

the human body.
Dr Kase explained the importance of space and cooling like

the layers of a balloon. Even back in the 1970s Dr. Kase said
that the human body fascia is like several layers of a balloon.
He said, “If the human body like a balloon were to expand
or become distorted, then the space between the layers
would also become narrow, and the layers would adhere to
each other stopping the natural flow of fluids. The human
body has several layers filled with water underneath the
skin which was recently discovered and named interstitial
fluid. This interstitial area transports nutrients, releases heat,
positions tissue, and repairs it. It circulates and always acts
much like a lubricating “oil” between the membranes so that
adjacent membranes do not stick together”.
Hydro Kinetic Assessment (HKA)
Dr. Kase has explained the importance of skin. The role It is clear that circulation plays a major role in space
of epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue are very movement and cooling (Ku Do Rei) and when the body
important. The fascia which surrounds the muscles or the “balloon” over swells, friction occurs which causes
and helps the muscle to smoothly contract is also very heat. When Dr. Kase started to research how tape on the
important. Not knowing the function of the skin and fascia, it skin impacted the skin layers what come to light was how
is very difficult to understand the space created in the body the tape was affecting the biology of cells in relation to
where lymphatic fluid and tissue fluid flows. inflammation, skin repair, subcutaneous tissue, capillaries,
and adhesion between the fasciae. It started to become
Space, Movement, Cooling (Ku Do Rei) is an important clear that a new kind of taping method would be needed.
concept for internal circulation. All kinds of naturopathy treat
the skin. Kinesio taping is also a treatment that is applied
to the skin. The skin is a part of the body that has direct
contact with the outer environment.
Not understanding the structure and mechanism of the skin,
excessive stimulation can be applied which can worsen the
symptom.
HKA allows a the Kinesio practitioner to make a more
informed decision about the taping application to use and
how that application will affect the patient.

What is Kinesio Hydro Kinetic Theory or Space Movement Cooling (Ku Do Rei)?
Elevated temperature causes cell damage.
What would happen if body fluid is congested due to compressed fascia which behaves like absorbent cotton?
Superficial
Assessments Fascia
Inflammation
tumor
Tumor stage2
Tumor stage4
Space, Movement, Cooling (Ku Do Rei)

Dr Kase’s foundational concept of Space, Movement,
Cooling (Ku Do Rei) explains the basics of how Kinesio
Taping works when it is placed on the skin.
Space is created by lifting and separating the tissue layers in
the epidermis. Movement happens when the lymph and fluid
systems flow more freely in the expanded space. Cooling
occurs as fluids trapped in the tissues are released and flow
back into the system.
Based on these key concepts a new Kinesio theory emerges
- a lot depends on the skin and the effectiveness of tape on
the skin - the length of time and the microscopic changes in
cell environment – Kinesio Medical Taping is developed.
Interstitial fluid formation
These capillaries, which may seem to be only on the surface,
are all over the body. And the area is as large as 10 tatami
mats (81 square feet).
Interstitial fluid absorption
The veins and lymphatic system play a role in the circulation
of interstitial fluid. Intercellular lymph fluid, which contains
macromolecules such as proteins which have been
reabsorbed into veins, passes through the cuts in the lymph
vessels, passes through the lymph nodes, and is eventually
returned to the veins.

Kinesio Taping Therapy and Interstitial Fluid Importance of Hydro Kinetic Assessment
For those who want to master Kinesio Taping. HKA is a method that focuses on the etiology of the patient’s
When we place the tape on the skin, the connective tissue condition. Symptoms have a cause. However, it is not always
filled with interstitial fluid provides stability in muscle simple to find the cause.
movement. Interstitial fluid “moves” through the space filled Example:
with connective tissue, helping the tissue to slide.
The tape phenomenon of lifting the skin is recognized, but Knee Pain Causes Solutions
Assessments
what does it really mean?

Overweight (Weight Lose weight
The biggest concept of Kinesio Taping is that it lifts the skin, problem)
Space, Movement, and Cooling (Ku Do Rei) are utilized.
Overuse (Fatigue problem) Rest
Life is supported by water, and water relates to life. There
Weakness (Muscle problem) Exercise
must be a flow of water even in the slightest space in the
human body. Aging Lifestyle modification,
Surgery etc.
The epidermis is the interface between the outside and
inside the body. It separates us from the outside world. If these things do not resolve the symptoms, other factors
Adjusting that part allows an approach to many pathologies. are contributing. Hydro Kinetic Assessment can identify the
cause, including complicated contributing factors.

Here are the Kinesio Assessments we know
Kinesio Orthopedic
Superficial
Assessments
Test
Observation Screening
Assessment
Fascia
Muscle
Test
ROM Palpation
Sensory Input:
Smell
Sound
Temperature
New Kinesio Medical Taping Assessments
Hydro Kinetic Assessment (HKA)
Ku Do Rei
Interview Inspection
Screening
Autonomic
Nervous Muscle
System Test
Tests Orthopedic
Test
Palpation ROM
KDA

Assessments
Three Elements are Necessary for HKA The flow from Hydro Kinetic Assessment (HKA)
Triangle of Health balance & conditioning
It is important to balance nutrition, mental health, and body Interview the client, inspection, palpation, and Hydro Kinetic
structure in order to harness the body’s natural healing Assessment
power. These three elements work together in harmony to
1. Find where the body surface is compressed (Interview,
bring the body into balance. The cause of the condition may
KDA).
be in a different location than where the pain is felt. We need
Ex: Compression happens to the back of the thighs
to treat the cause to fix the symptoms.
and butt when sitting.
Kinesio Direction Assessment (KDA) 2. Find a place on the body surface that is stretched
KDA provides an evaluation method for locating interstitial (KDA, inspection).
fluid that has accumulated in the body. This enables us to Ex: A tumor beneath the skin will stretch it.
identify where the tape needs to be applied. Ex: A body builder’s hypertrophied muscles stretch
To identify a condition, use the following evaluation the skin.
methods: Inspection, Palpation, Kinesio Screening, Kinesio 3. Look for changes of elasticity in the skin (KDA,
Muscle Assessment, Kinesio Autonomic Nerve System inspection).
Assessment, and Kinesio Direction Assessment. Based on Ex: Wrinkling.
the results of your evaluation, choose the appropriate taping 4. Look for muscles and joints that do not move smoothly
application and type of tape. (KDA, Total inspection).
Ex: loss of range of motion, jerky motions in large or
Internal abnormalities that impact subcutaneous tissue may small joints or small muscles
show on the body’s surface. These abnormalities include 5. Find where you have heat on the body surface (KDA).
hemorrhage, edema, muscle tension, cancer, benign tumors, Blood and interstitial fluid without internal movement
blood vessel damage, bone distortion, and adhesions cause inflammation, so you feel the heat on the body
between fascia. Identifying the cause of the abnormality surface
will require inspection, careful examination, and conscious 6. Look for areas of discoloration on the body surface or
palpation. Conventional examination methods, such as skin (inspection).
X-ray, CT scan, MRI, etc., can be used in conjunction with Ex: Red might be inflammation
Kinesio assessments. Ex: Yellow might be jaundice or the change in a bruise
It is possible to find abnormalities in blood tests that will 7. Find where the body surface is swollen (Total
assist with diagnosis. KDA, in conjunction with the other inspection, KDA).
assessments, will give a complete picture of what is This can be due to accumulation of interstitial fluid.
happening in a patient’s body.

Superficial
Assessments Fascia
1. Find where the body surface is compressed (Interview, KDA).
Ex: Compression happens to the back of the thighs and butt when sitting.
A. Soft Tissue B. Organ

(Orthopedic types of evaluation) (Evaluating the body tissue itself)
Acute: It can appear like a dent that is easy to see on Acute: The blood vessels are activated because
the affected areas in situations such as a slipped disk, inflammation is present, and the volume increases due to
spondylolysis, tendon damage, or dislocation. There is body fluid that has seeped out of the white blood cell into
intense pain. the affected area. The inside pressure causes the outside
Subacute: An affected part can look like gentle dent. It may surface to become compressed.
be accompanied by swelling. Subacute: With the restoration or when extra body fluid is
Rehabilitation: The affected area of the patient will be a absorbed, the skin can feel more slack after swelling goes
little more contracted / relaxed. Also, when compared to the down.
other side, the affected area may be less rounded or may be
atrophied when compared to the healthy side. Rehabilitation: Once the affected areas is more stable, the
connective tissue and dermis are still in a compressed state.
Chronic: The affected area is flattened (or appears to be
dented) due to muscle atrophy or contracted / relaxed Chronic: Being chronic means that there is some
compared to other muscles obstruction to Space, Movement, Cooling (Ku Do Rei). It is in
Prevention: There is no bulge in the muscle, and it is not a compressed state.
rounded.
Prevention: Pinpoint the parts that are easily damaged and
protect them using Space, Movement, Cooling (Ku Do Rei)
functions.

Assessments
2.
Find a place on the body surface that is stretched (KDA, inspection).
Ex: A tumor beneath the skin will stretch it.
Ex: A body builder’s hypertrophied muscles stretch the skin.

Acute: The surface of the skin is shiny. Looks a little lighter Acute: There is a clear increase in volume on the body
in color. surface when compared to the healthy side, and there is
tension on the skin.
Subacute: There is a tightness on the skin, around the
affected area. There is discomfort when moving the affected The texture of the epidermis becomes rough and shiny.
area.
Subacute: The texture returns, but the volume increase and
Rehabilitation: Tension is felt in the affected outer layers. remains.
This tension can be felt when that area is moved or palpated.
Rehabilitation: There is tension around the affected area,
Chronic: Can feel the tension of the affected area with but the body fluid around it decreases, so the tension on the
palpation and light pressing. body surface decreases.
Prevention: Muscle shape is flattened, and tension is strong Chronic: Can feel the tension of the affected area under the
in the area. surface during palpation and with light pressure.
Prevention: There is no problem if the normal state of Space,

Movement, Cooling (Ku Do Rei) are maintained.

Superficial
Assessments Fascia
3. Look for changes of elasticity in the skin (KDA, inspection).
Ex: Wrinkling.

Acute: There is no unevenness in the small wrinkles on the Acute: Pain causes a contraction, and the organ becomes
skin. Pain is felt when touching or moving the skin due to hard and smooth, and movement is lost. When the tissue of
swelling. the dermis layer becomes thin due to the disorder of internal
organs, the epidermis also becomes difficult to move.
Subacute: Painful when moving the skin.
Subacute: Due to a habit of compensating for an affected
Wrinkles are formed when the skin is moved, but the size area, over time the tissue becomes thin and difficult to
and depth are uneven. move.
Rehabilitation: When moving the skin, the movable part and Rehabilitation: When moving the skin, the movable part and
the part that is hard to move become relatively easy to find. the part that is hard to move become relatively easy to find.
Chronic: When moving the skin, movement is not smooth, Chronic: All normal if there is no defensive reaction and if
it’s stiffer. they don’t have ischemia.
Prevention: Small wrinkles on the skin are normal. Deep Prevention: Normal
wrinkles are formed where movement is more restricted.

Assessments
4.
Look for muscles and joints that do not move smoothly (KDA, Total
inspection).
Ex: loss of range of motion, jerky motions in large or small joints or small muscles

Acute: Even slight movements (passive / active exercises) Acute: There are parts of each layer that are not smooth
are painful. Muscular contraction is painful. when viewed at the epidermis. That part interferes with the
action of the muscle. This is accompanied by discomfort
Subacute: A pain caused by small movement (active during motion (passive / active exercises).
exercises) and cannot move very much. With movement
there is less pain. Automatic movement or passive Subacute: There are parts of each layer that are not smooth
movement causes pain and throbbing, and mental distress. when viewed from the epidermis. This part interferes with
the action of the muscle. This is accompanied by discomfort
Rehabilitation: Pain and weakness can occur with certain during motion (passive / active exercises).
movements (contraction position). There can be exercise
restrictions in this phase. Rehabilitation: In the outer layer there is unified and fluid
movement but, near the affected area, there is little fluidity or
Chronic: Repeated contraction (exercise) reduces the range movement in the deep layer.
of the exercise restrictions.
Chronic: An integrated smooth movement appears on the
Prevention: Movement with the contraction of the muscle is surface layer. However, depending on the condition, the
not smooth. Cannot contract with the consistent speed. smoothness of movement may be small in the deep part
around the affected area.
Prevention: Normal

Superficial
Assessments Fascia
5.
Find where you have heat on the body surface (KDA).
Blood and interstitial fluid without internal movement cause inflammation, so you feel
the heat on the body surface

Acute: You are able to feel heat in the affected part even Acute: Feel heat in the affected part even if your hand is not
if your hand is not touching the affected part. Cannot touching the affected part. Look for a part having heat in the
move during both passive and active exercises. There are epidermis in each layer. Look for the area where interstitial
movement restrictions. fluid has pooled.
Subacute: A feeling of heat in the affected part even if your Subacute: Can feel the heat of the affected area even if one’s
hand is not touching the affected part. hand is not touching the affected area, but the heat is lower
than in the acute phase because the inflammation is less.
Cannot do active exercises or move in passive manner.
Rehabilitation: Feeling heat in the affected part when
Rehabilitation: When comparing the normal side (laterally) you touch the skin - but no heat is felt if your hand is not
with affected side, you will feel heat. touching the affected part.
Chronic: When comparing the normal side (laterally) with Chronic: When there is a subjective symptom, body fluids
affected side, you will feel heat. collect, so there is a slight feeling of heat, but usually it is not
a severe inflammation.
Prevention: When comparing the normal side (laterally) with
affected side, you will feel heat. Prevention: Almost normal

Assessments
6.
Look for areas of discoloration on the body surface or skin (inspection).
Ex: Red might be inflammation
Ex: Yellow might be jaundice or the change in a bruise

Acute: Relatively bright red, dark red overall, and a color Acute: If there is inflammation in the tissue close to the
close to black /purple in the affected area. skin, it presents a relatively bright red color, a deep red color
overall, and a color close to purple / black in and around the
Subacute: The center of the affected area is the same affected area. In the case of deep organs (such as internal
color as in the acute phase, but there is a gradation in color organs). It may be pale because the veins stand out instead
around the affected area. The surrounding area becomes of showing up as red.
lighter in color, and a yellowish color appears.
Subacute: In the case of the affected area of tissue close
Rehabilitation: The color range in the center of the affected to the skin, the center is the same color as in the acute
area becomes smaller, and the color becomes lighter overall. phase, but there is a gradation around the affected area. The
The yellowish range expands, and the range of normal skin surrounding area becomes lighter in color, and a yellowish
color also gradually expands. color appears. For deep organs (such as internal organs),
veins also show up slightly.
Chronic: A lot of dark red areas which are more visible than
the normal area. Rehabilitation: For affected areas of shallow tissue, the
central color range is smaller, and the overall color is lighter.
Prevention: It is reddish in comparison with other parts
(lateral) The yellowish range is expanded, and the range of normal
skin color is gradually expanded as well.
Chronic: Often dark red, compared to normal areas. In the

case of problems with internal organs, it exhibits a unique
color depending on the internal organs.
Prevention: Close to normal

7. Find where the body surface is swollen (Total inspection, KDA).
This can be due to accumulation of interstitial fluid.
A. Soft Tissue
Superficial
(Orthopedic types of evaluation)
Assessments
Acute: Swelling grows bigger over time. Blisters may also
form in the case of sudden swelling
Often turns red.
Subacute: Swelling is increased around the affected area.
Fascia
Overall swelling is seen in the peripheral tissue surrounding
the affected area.
Rehabilitation: After undergoing rehabilitation, swelling

becomes strong or decreases. Swelling decreases in or
around the affected area, but variation is seen based on the
condition.
Chronic: Often there is swelling in the affected area or there

is a difference between the left and right sides.
Prevention: Compared to other parts (left-right difference),

there may be an unnatural bulge when inspected and
palpated.
B. Organ
(Evaluating the body tissue itself)
Acute: Swelling grows bigger over time. When the internal
organ tissue swells up then the surface creates tension or
swelling.
Subacute: Around affected area is swelling.
When the internal organ tissue swells up then the surface

creates tension or swelling.
Rehabilitation: It may get worse depending on daily life

actions, but the swelling will go down.
Chronic: If it remains as chronic inflammation, swelling or

tension is seen on the body surface due to the accumulation
of interstitial fluid.
Prevention: Normal

Kinesio Direction Assessment for E (epidermis), Most Superficial Subcutaneous Fascia (KDA-Heavy)
D (dermis), F (subcutaneous) • Inspection = 1, 2, 3, 6, 7
When using this method, palpate the skin (the epidermis, • Palpation = 1, 2, 3, 5, 7/15-30g
dermis, subcutaneous tissue) at three different pressure Superficial
levels. This will help you decide which EDF taping application • Inspection =1, 2, 3, 4, 6
to use.
• Palpation =1, 2, 3, 4, 5/30-160g
Assessments
The three pressure levels are:

Deep
Light
• Inspection = 1, 2, 3, 4
3-10g pressure Ex: use the flat of your fingertip to just
lightly touch the vellus (peach fuzz) hair on the forearm. • Palpation = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5/250-400g
If you see the skin moving, it is too much pressure.
Medium
10-25g pressure Use several fingers together, with
fingertips bent upward (opposite of a claw position) to
lightly touch the skin. You should see the skin move, but
there should be no indentation.
Heavy
15-30g pressure Use several fingers to touch the skin
with enough pressure to make a slight indentation.
It is very hard to measure exact pressures. To get a feel, try
practicing on a scale that measures in grams. Many kitchen
scales measure in both pounds and grams. While palpating,
note the type of pain and how the direction of the palpation
affects the sensation of pain. Does one direction make the
pain worse? Does the other direction make the pain better?
Epidermis Direction Test (EDT) - KDA Light
Epidermis
• Inspection = 1, 2, 3, 6, 7
• Palpation = 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 / 3-10g
• Pain nature = (electrical, sharp, sensitive) pain
Dermis Direction Test (DDT) - KDA Medium Kinesio Direction Assessment for Fascia (MDT)
Dermis is where fluids accumulate in the skin. You may be Glide-Clock Method
able to feel this fluid when you palpate. Method when you palpate part of muscular fasciae
Dermis (superficial fascia, deep fascia). Decide the tape application
• Inspection = 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 for taping muscular fascia using this evaluation.
• Palpation = 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 / 10-25g Recommended: Snowflake, Basket Wave, Fan Cut, etc.
Describe the Pain = Is it dull pain or numbness? Is it pressure Glide Manual Clock Method
pain, or pain with a warm / cold sensation? • Place hand on or near target tissue
Kinesio Direction Assessment for Fascia (MDT) • GENTLY offer directional glide using Clock Technique to
Method when you palpate part of muscular fascia which is determine areas of restriction or pain
divided into three levels: most superficial fascia, superficial • Request Active, Active Assisted or offer Passive motion
fascia, or deep fascia. Decide the tape application for to help determine the most therapeutic direction(s) of
muscular fascia using this evaluation. tissue glide.
Recommend: Snowflake, Basket Wave, Fan Cut, etc. • Apply the Kinesio Taping most appropriate to unwind or
Describe the pain = Pain with extension, with pressure or mobilize the target tissues
with movement? • Re-assess
Check ROM with Kinesio Screening Assessment, Muscle
Assessment and Manual Glide Clock Assessment.

Superficial
Assessments Fascia
Kinesio Direction Assessment for Fascia (MDT) Kinesio Screening Assessment
Tissue Decompression Kinesio Taping has a method of examination to evaluate
Method used to palpate the part of muscular fasciae the overall condition of the human body. This method of
(superficial fascia, deep fascia). Decide choice and the examination consists of six assessments to screen physical
tape application of the taping for muscular fascia by this disorders. Use this when you would like to find the cause of
evaluation (Snowflake, Basket Weave, Fan Cut, etc.) the disorder on the body surface (superficial fascia) and for
any limited range of motion. By combining the screening
1. Place hands on the target tissue.
assessment with muscle assessment, it allows you too
2. Gently glide tissue to the center of the target tissue to more accurately specify the place of the cause and enables
“unload” skin and fascial tensions or assist local edema you to select and use the most effective Kinesio Taping
removal. or Kinesio Medical Taping method. When you would like
3. Use decompression glides using Clock Technique to to know the overall conditions, start with these screening
determine the most beneficial angle for tape application assessments.
4. Request Active, Active Assisted or offer Passive motion 1. You can select the Kinesio Taping or Kinesio Medical
to help determine most therapeutic direction of tissue Taping methods by selecting the appropriate muscle
glide. group on the screening assessments.
5. Apply the taping across the tissues at the angle with 2. In case a specific area of the body where tape will be
most therapeutic benefit. applied is specified in advance, this assessment is not
necessary.
6. Re-assess.

HKA: Kinesio Screening Assessment the contraction.
(6 evaluations) • In Kinesio Muscle Assessments, this is confirmed and
Screening for the Upper Body used to identify the taping site.
Neck flexion screening: This assessment is a method to • Purpose: Confirmation of the condition of Kinesio Taping
check muscle (superficial fascia) tone on the region of upper parts and confirmation after taping.
back.
• Confirmed that it was difficult to apply force, slow
Assessments
Cervical extension screening: If something is wrong with reaction, pain, anxiety, etc.
bone or muscle in the cervical region, it may cause some
problems in the pectoral girdle. • Compare the difference between the left and right and
the normal state.
Pectoral Girdle screening: This assessment is used to check
muscle fatigue such as overuse of arm muscles. • Example: Muscle test Taping  Muscle test
* Practice so that you can judge the condition with a test
Screening for the Lower Body that is as short as possible so as not to compare your
Trunk flexion screening: This assessment is a method to own strength.
check muscle (superficial fascia) tone on the entire lumbar
portion of the back.
Hip rotation screening: This assessment is used to reveal HKA: Kinesio Muscle Assessment
abnormalities in the pelvic or the hip joint. The symptoms And Range of Motion
will appear if the pelvis or the bones in the lumbar region get Measuring one range of motion means examining the
deformed or have some dysfunction. function of muscles, fascia and direction of bone movement.
Straight Leg Raise assessment: This assessment is used If the range of motion is restricted, the muscle / fascia
to check for tight muscles or nerves in the lower extremities. contraction in the direction of movement and the renewal
The muscles in the lower extremities can become stiff due of pressure can be suspected, this can be used as a hint for
to excessive walking, standing for a prolonged period, and your HKDA for muscle assessment.
after exercising for the first time in a while. Three systems:
1. Bones
HKA: Kinesio Muscle Assessment
This evaluation is different from the normal muscle test 2. Connection at the joint
used in the Kinesio muscle assessment. It is the similar, but, 3. Movement by muscle function
in this assessment, content is different.
Disorders of Three systems:
Kinesio Muscle Assessment looks at whether or not a • Bones: broken bone, distortion, deformation, pain,
reaction is slow, and at compensatory movement at the time grinding sound, etc
of assessment. This way confirms by comparisons with
• Joints: sprain, dislocation, subluxation, rigidity,
pain, uneasiness, instability, laterality, etc… to the normal
contracture, etc.
side that does not have pain.
• Muscles: cramp, tear, dysfunction, disuse atrophy, etc.
Decide directionality of the tape on this occasion by MDT
(Manual Direction Assessment). Tools to Examine the Joint Range of Motion
• To measure the joint range of motion, the reference
Correlation to the Screening Assessment point is 0°position.
Screening assessments are used to grasp a broad view of
the physical condition. Screening assessments look at not • Use the designated protractor or goinometer (Record
only the areas with disorders but also the total condition of angle by 5°increment)
the body as a whole. • Recording order shall be: name of the joint, movement,
To look at joint range of motion by regions, the area with direction, angle (ex: elbow, flexion 135°, extension 0°)
disorder will be the focus of examination. • Whether the range of self-motion or the range of
Perform the muscle test on the muscles related to each assisted motion is to:
joint to select tape application. The screening test and each a. Be measured is determined case by case.
region correlate with each other, such as the small area
b. It is necessary to clearly indicate in the record which
affects the big area and vice versa, to mitigate the causes of
measurement (self-motion or assisted motion)
disorders.
is taken. In some cases, both measurements are
• There are superficial fascia, deep fascia, muscles, and taken.
ligaments with reduced function.
• The response of the contraction becomes slow, or the
movement of the joint is accompanied by instability with

Superficial
Assessments Fascia
Kinesio Taping Screening and Assessments patient’s physical limits and avoid causing more pain
The Kinesio Taping Method uses some familiar orthopedic or discomfort. Recommended assessments should be
screenings and asks you to look at movement patterns completed before and after each taping application to
differently from superficial tissues first and then deeper determine therapeutic benefits. Our goal is to offer safe
tissue responses. parameters to apply the Kinesio Taping Method.
Screenings should be performed actively and passively Kinesio Best Uses Chart
three to five times to determine limitations. Active Assisted When applying any Kinesio application, attention to
screening may be used as needed. each element is important for the overall success of the
The standard methods of screening will be demonstrated application. Skin preparation is important as well as the
but they may be offered in other positions such as sitting, or selection of the tape, width and cut, tension, safe tissue
side lying to observe and assess all physiologic systems. stretch, and adhesive activation. The descriptions provided
on the best uses chart are intended to assist the practitioner
By combining the screening assessments with the MDT- with deciding which tape and which application will help
Tissue and MDT-Muscle as well as manual muscle tests, the patient achieve the best outcomes and recovery. Please
the practitioner may more accurately identify the target remember that an application will change as the patient
tissue and offer the most effective Kinesio Taping Method recovers and will need to be adjusted as the patient heals.
application. Practitioners should always be aware of the

Kinesio Best Uses Chart
Assessment / Condition Target Area Kinesio® Tape Recommended Kines
01. 01.
02. 02.
03. 03.
Multilayer
Fracture Bone
Applications
EDF™ Jellyfish
04.01. 02. Acute 04. 02. 03. 03.
Conditions,
Sharp
Pain &
Surface
Single,
Swelling
Epidermis, Double or
05. 04. 02. 06. 05.
01.
07.
03. 06.
08.
02.
Dermis,
07. Fascia
08.
(Subcutaneous)
03.
Multilayer KinesioKinesio
Tape Cuts
Tape Cu
Kinesio
Hematoma Applications Jellyfish
& Chronic
01. 02. 03.
Fascia (Subcutaneous)
™ Cut
Dermis
Conditions Single Layer Application Double Layer Applicatio
01. 02. 03.
06.05.
09. 07.
Muscle/Fascia
09.
06.08.
04.
07. 08.
Muscle
KinesioKinesio
Tape Cuts
Tape Cu
Kinesio
Correction for
04.
Applications for
Jellyfish ™ Cut
Geriatric, Extreme Skin
Pediatric, Sensitivity I - Cut Y - Cut
04. Geriatric, Pediatric,
I strip I stripKinesio YKinesio
Tape
strip Cuts
Tape
strip Cu
05. 06. 07. 08.
YKinesio
09. Dry,07.
Itchy 08.
06.
Skin
Sensitive Skin I strip Y
& Sensitive Skin.
05. 06. 07. 08. Muscle
1. Posture Correction
02. - 03. Applications
05.Kinesio Body 06.
Design
®
07. 08. I - Cut Y - Cut
I strip I stripKinesio YKinesio
Tape
strip Cuts
Tape
strip Cu
09. Jellyfish
I strip YKinesioY
Basket Weave flake
Athletic
Kinesio Tape Cuts
09.
Surface Muscle Muscle
Support
Applications
4. 09.for I - Cut Y - Cut
01. Muscles 02. 03. Basket Weave Jellyfish
flake
in I strip I strip
Deep Tissue
Y strip Y strip Y
I strip
Motion
Muscle
Fan Cut®
Muscle Kinesio
Fan Cut ® Snowflake
Cut®CutsSnowflake
FanTape SnoB
Applications
I - Cut Y - Cut
.
04.
06. 07. 08.
I Istrip
strip I strip Y strip Y strip
IYstrip
strip Y
X strip
Lymphoedema
Fan Cut®FanSnowflake
Cut® Snowflake SnoB
Circulatory X strip strip
®
Collection
Lymphoedema
Fan Cut
Stimulation
asket Weave
Fancut®
02. 03.01. 02. 03. I strip Y strip X strip
. Superficial
Fan Cut Fan Cut®FanSnowflake

Muscle
X strip strip
05. 06. 07. 08. ® asket Weave
Applications
Healing Snowflake Basket Weave
Fascia Fascia & Muscle Web Cut
Fan Cut® Web CutSnowflake
Web
Kinesio Cut
EDF™Kinesio
Tape
Cut
EDF™ Basket
Cuts
TapeCut
Kinesio We
Cu
EDF
Tissue 04.
Muscle
Fan Cut Fan Cut®FanSnowflake
®
Applications
ape Cuts
09. Snowflake Basket Weave
Web Cut
Fan Cut® Web CutSnowflake
Web
Kinesio Cut
EDF™Kinesio
Tape
Cut Cuts
EDF™ Tape
Basket
Cut
Kinesio Cu
We
EDF
X strip
06. 07. 08. 05. 06. 07. 08.
Muscle
Fascia, Muscle & Mechanical
& Joint ape Cuts
Joint
Support Functional
Web Cut I - Cut Y - Cut
Web CutWeb CutWebEDF™ Cut
Cut Cut
EDF™ EDF™ Cut
Jellyfish
EDF
X strip
09. I strip I strip I strip Y strip Y strip Y
Tendon &
Corrective
Ligament Tendon, Ligament
Applications
Sprain
Web Cut
Web Cut Web Cut EDF™
Web Cut Cut
I - Cut
Cut
EDF™
Y - Cut
EDF™ CutEDF
Jellyfish
I strip I strip I strip Y strip Y strip Y
Recommended Kinesio Taping® Applications Percentage of Tension
Jellyfish EDF™ Cut ut
Kinesio Tape Cuts
™ Jellyfish Jellyfish EDF™ Cut ut
Ultra Light 0-5%

oKinesio
Tape Cuts
Tape Cuts
Kinesio Tape Cuts Super Light 0-10%
EDF Fan Cut
I(E)strip Y strip Xs
utaneous)
EDF™ Cut
Dermis EDF™ Jellyfish I-Cut
Basket Weave Web Cut Snowflake ®
pplication Double Layer Application Multilayer Application
oKinesio
Tape Cuts
Tape Cuts
Kinesio Tape Cuts
EDF™ Cut Basket Weave Web Cut Snowflake ®
t Y - Cut X - Cut Web Cut Basket Weave
oYKinesio
ip Tape
strip Cuts
Tape
strip Cuts
YKinesioY Tape CutsX strip X strip
X strip
strip
t Y - Cut X - Cut Web Cut Basket Weave

® Snowflake
Paper Off 10-15% Baske
oYKinesio
Tape
strip Cuts
Tape
strip Cuts CutsX strip X strip Fan Cut
Jellyfish
YKinesioY Tape
Fan Cut® Cut
EDF™ X strip Y strip
ip X strip
strip
B Snowflake Web Cut
pe Cuts
t Y - Cut
Jellyfish X - Cut Fan Cut X strip Y strip
B Snowflake ® Cut
EDF™
Y strip Y strip Y strip
ip X strip X strip X strip
Web Cut
nowflake
pe®CutsSnowflake
ut Basket Weave
Snowflake Basket Weave
Basket Weave
t Y - Cut X - Cut
Y strip Y strip
ip X strip X strip X strip
Y strip
Kinesio Tape Cuts
ip X strip
Web Cut EDF™ Cut
nowflake
ut® Snowflake Basket Weave
Basket Weave
Y strip I strip
Jell
Basket Weave Snowflake Fan Cut® Light 10-25%
t ®
Kinesio Tape Cuts

ip X strip
nowflake
Basket Weave
Y strip I strip Fan Cut®
Basket Weave Snowflake
ake Basket Weave
oCut
ake
Kinesio
DF™Tape
Cut
EDF™ Basket
Cuts
TapeCut
Kinesio Weave
Cuts
EDF™Tape
Cut Cuts
JellyfishJellyfishJellyfish
nowflake
Kinesio Tape Cuts Basket Weave Moderate 25-35%
ake Basket Weave
Cut
oKinesio
Tape
ake
DF™ Cut Cuts
EDF™Tape
Basket
Cut
KinesioCuts
Weave
EDF™TapeCut Cuts
X strip Y strip I strip
JellyfishJellyfishJellyfish
Kinesio Tape Cuts Severe 50-75%
t
Cut Y - Cut X - Cut
Cut
X strip Y strip I strip
DF™
ip CutEDF™ Cut
Jellyfish
Y strip Y stripEDF™ Cut
X strip Jellyfish
Jellyfish
Y strip X strip Jellyfish
X strip
Full 75-100%
Cut
t
Cut
DF™ Cut
Y - Cut
EDF™ CutEDF™
Jellyfish
X - Cut
Cut
Jellyfish
X strip Jellyfish
Kinesio Tape Cuts
Y strip Y strip Y strip
ip X strip Jellyfish
X strip
Review of Chapter 3
Assessments
What is Hydro Kinetic Theory? What is interstitial fluid?
Why is assessment so important? The best uses chart can help a new practitioner decide
taping applications more easily.
Assessments
What is Space Movement Cooling (Ku Do Rei) theory?
NOTES

MUSCLE
Chapter 5 Muscle
STOP
Before continuing with Chapter 4 please review the
Kinesio Pre-Course Part 2 - Handling the Tape on
pages 32-38.
Muscle
Muscle Anatomy Muscle Fibers/Spindle

Myofascial Tissues
Fascial tissue is multi-directional and multi-dimensionally

interconnected to all other tissues.
Picture courtesy of Jean-Claude Guimberteau
Muscle fibers often run in parallel
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Golgi Tendon Organs
Muscle
Nerve-Muscle-Tendon
Muscle contraction stretches Golgi

Tendon Organs.
If excessive load is placed on muscle, Golgi Tendon

Reflex causes relaxation, thereby protecting muscle.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Muscle Physiology
Reciprocal Inhibition
Muscle
Length -Tension Curve
Tension
Length
Too much overlap of Myosin & Optimal overlap of Myosin & Too little overlap of Myosin &
Actin: Reduced tension Actin: Optimal tension Actin: Reduced tension
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Recreating Muscle Shape with Tape Modulates Stimulus
Circular
Oricularis Oris
Convergent
Pectoralis Major
Muscle
Multipennate
Deltoid
Multipennate
Biceps Brachii
Parallel
Sartorius
Bipennate
Rectus Femoris
Unipennate
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Sensory-Motor Cortex Communication

EMG Study on Muscle
Taping could stimulate cutaneous mechanoreceptors and
deliver more signals to the CNS40. Increased cutaneous
afferent stimulation may increase motor unit firing.
Cutaneous stimulation from patella tape causes a varied
increase in vasti muscle activity in people with pain41.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Correct Muscle Function
There are a surprising number of people whose muscles moves anymore,” and sends out a signal of pain. Thus, lifting
are not functioning properly. It seems that there are many the skin with tape, making a gap, will restore the muscles
cases where the gap between the tissues and the muscles is to a normal state and it is thought that they will show their
narrowed, and it is often not a good environment. Therefore, original strength.
the nerve exercises restrictions such as “it will not work if it
Muscle
This figure exhibits how

Kinesio Tape intervenes on
exasperated, fatigued, and
stressed muscle tissues.
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Overactive Muscle Correction
To optimize muscle activity from high to normal
D to P (I to O)
Distal → Proximal
15% to 25% tension
Underactive Muscle Correction
Muscle
To optimize muscle activity from low to normal
P to D (O to I)
Proximal → Distal
15% to 35% tension
Therapeutic Direction is the recoil of the tape toward the anchor.
Overactive Muscle Correction Underactive Muscle Correction

Kinesio Tex Tape is applied from distal attachment to Kinesio Tex Tape is applied from proximal attachment to
proximal attachment (insertion to origin). distal attachment (origin to insertion).
Tension in the therapeutic zone is 15% to 25%. Tension in the therapeutic zone is 15% to 35%.
Tape recoils toward anchor to optimize muscle activity from Tape recoils toward anchor to optimize muscle activity from
high to normal. low to normal.
Tape Tape
Application Application
Direction Direction
Tape Tape
Recoil Recoil
Direction Direction

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Kinesio Taping Method
Direction Lab Upper Trapezius
Muscle
Upper Trapezius
Kinesio I-Cut for Kinesio I-Cut for

Overactive Muscle Underactive Muscle
Correction (Black) Correction (Blue)
Upper Trapezius
Proximal Attachments: External Occipital Protuberance,
medial one third of superior Nuchal Line, Ligamentum
Nuchae, spinous process of C7.
Distal Attachments: Lateral one third
Clavicle, Acromion Process
Nerve: Accessory Nerve, Ventral Rami
C2,3,4
Action: Scapular elevation, Cervical extension, lateral flexion
and rotation.
Bilaterally: Cervical extension
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Upper Trapezius (Overactive)
0212-SH-NE
2
Upper Trapezius - Overactive Muscle • Direct the tape towards C7 Spinous
Correction Process and Nuchal Line (proximal
Apply this Muscle Correction when the MDT – Muscle attachment).
Distal Glide improves muscle function. • Apply End in stretched position, with no
We will be taping the horizontal fibers of the upper trap tension at nuchal line at level of C7.
Muscle
to avoid hairline.
1
• Measure and cut Kinesio I-Cut
• Anchor in neutral, with no tension distal to
the Acromion.
• Position: Laterally flex to the opposite side,
rotate to same side.
• Apply 15 -25% tension or Paper-Off
tension for direct comparison.
3 • Rub tape to activate adhesive in stretched

position.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Upper Trapezius (Underactive)
0213-SH-NE
• Direct the tape toward the Acromion
2
Upper Trapezius
Process.
Underactive Muscle Correction
• Apply End in stretched position, with no
Apply this Muscle Correction when the MDT – Muscle
tension, distal to Acromion.
Proximal Glide improves muscle function.
• Rub tape to activate adhesive in stretched
Muscle
position.
• Measure and cut Kinesio I-Cut
1
• Anchor in neutral posture, with no tension
at Nuchal Line at level of C7.
• Avoid placing Anchor of this I Cut on end
of first I-Cut.
• Position: Laterally flex to the opposite side,
rotate to same side.
• Apply 15-35% tension or Paper-Off tension
for direct comparison.
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Review of Chapter 4
Muscle
How does correct Muscle function work?
What is the difference between an Overactive Muscle
correction and an Underactive Muscle Correction?
NOTES
Muscle

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
NOTES
Muscle
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
KINESIO
SCREENING
AND TAPING
Chapter 4 Screening and Taping
HKA: Kinesio Screening for the Upper Body Cervical Flexion Screening - Active
Symptoms of the upper body region can be caused by many Request participation to tolerance.
different factors, so the region where the symptom has 1. Subject is supine
appeared is not necessarily the source. They also differ by 2. Chin to chest - lips remain closed
individual, job, sports played, and even lifestyle. For these 3. Shoulder protraction
reasons, mastering how to identify the functions of the 4. Thoracic flexion to tolerance
human body easily and quickly, which can develop disorders 5. Return to resting posture
Screening and Taping
linked in a complicated manner, may determine the outcome 6. Repeat movement 3-5 times
of taping later on in some cases. 7. Note symptom presentation and compensations
Introduced here are three ways of checking the source of • Screening may be offered in sitting and standing to
symptoms appearing in the upper body. observe and assess all physiologic systems.
• Screening may be repeated passively if scope of
They include a method to test muscle fatigue of the arm. A
practice allows.
method to test tension of the upper back, and a method to
• Assist performance of this screening as needed while
test extension disorders of the head.
offering Kinesio Assessment.
Use these methods in the taping procedure according to the
muscle treated.
Cervical Flexion Screening
Taping for Cervical Flexion Screening

This test is a method to check muscle (superficial fascia)
• Upper Trapezius
tone on the region of upper back.
• Iliocostalis Thoracis
After having a subject lie supine and relax, lift the subject’s • Iliocostalis Cervicis
head, putting the chin toward the chest. If the subject feels • Longissimus Thoracis
tense when getting up or looks awkward in his movements • Longissimus Capitis
due to pain, it may be from increased muscle tension on the • Longissimus Cervicis
region of upper back muscles due to stress. • Upper and Middle Trapezius (Combination)
• Middle Trapezius
• Lower Trapezius
• Latissimus Dorsi
• Levator Scapulae
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Longissimus Cervicis (Superficial Erector Spinae)
0110-NE-XX
Functional Anatomy Testing
Origin: Posterior surface of transverse processes of T1 Patient position: Prone with hands placed on sacrum.
to T5 and the articular tubercle of C4 to C7. Rotate the head 45 degrees to the side to be tested and
Insertion: Posterior margin of mastoid process and the extend the trunk.
temporal bone. Examiner pressure: Stabilize with one hand on the
Actions: Bilateral: Bilaterally, superficial erector spinae sacrum and apply a downward and obliquely force to

extend the spine. the table.
Unilaterally, iliocostalis and longissimus laterally flex
(side bend) and rotate to the opposite side.
Nerve: Dorsal rami of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves
(C6 to T4).
Tape Specification: I-Cut

Width: 2.5cm, length: 15cm
Measure the distance from the transverse process of
the fifth thoracic vertebra to the mastoid process. (Look
at the red line drawn on the picture for an estimate of
the tape length.)
2.5cm
15cm

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
1
• Patient position: standing or sitting. • Cross the patient’s arms across the chest
• Apply the base of the Kinesio Tex to the and “hunch” the upper thoracic spine.
2
transverse process of the 5th thoracic Forward bend and laterally flex the head
vertebra. to the opposite side to increase tissue
• Peel the Kinesio Tex from the paper liner tension.
and place the tape temporarily on the skin. • While stabilizing the base of the Kinesio
Do not activate the adhesive by rubbing. Tex, pull the skin inferiorly to increase
tissue tension.
• Apply the other end of the Kinesio Tex to
the mastoid process, passing over the
transverse process of the 3rd cervical
vertebra.
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Cervical Extension Screening

Cervical Extension Screening Cervical Extension Screening - Active
If something is wrong with bone or muscle in the cervical Request participation to tolerance.
region, it may cause some problems in the pectoral girdle. 1. Subject is seated with back support as needed.
Have the subject sit on a chair and tilt his/her head back 2. Tip head upward into cervical extension - lips remain
as if to look at the ceiling. The test is positive if the patient closed.
cannot completely tilt his/her head back or if the subject 3. Shoulder girdle and trunk remain in neutral.
feels muscle stress or pain in the cervical region. 4. Return to resting position.
5. Repeat movement three to five times.
6. Note symptom presentation and compensations.
• Screening may be repeated passively if scope of practice
allows.
Taping for Cervical Extension Screening

• Scalenus Anterior • Scalenus Medius
• Splenius Capitis • Scalenus Posterior
• Splenius Cervicis

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Scalenus Anterior
0095-NE-XX
Functional Anatomy
Origin: Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of
the 3rd through 6th cervical vertebrae.
Insertion: Scalene tubercle on the inner border of the 1st
rib (medial 2/3rds).
Actions: With insertion fixed.
Unilateral action: Cervical lateral flexion to the same

side.
Bilateral action: Cervical anterior flexion. Important for
respiration.
Nerve: C5-C7.
Testing Tape Specification: I-Cut

Patient position: Supine with the head rotated to the Width: 2.5cm, length: 12cm
opposite side, elbows bent hands beside head and Measure the distance from the transverse process of
resting on table. Stabilize the thoracic area. With the the 3rd cervical vertebra to the first rib.
head turned to the side, raise the neck and head from (Look at the red line drawn on the picture for an estimate
the table. of the tape length).
Examiner pressure: Against the temporal region of
the head in an obliquely posterior direction. Pressure
is applied more toward the mid-line than that for the 2.5cm
sternocleidomastoid manual muscle test.
12cm
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1
• Patient position: Standing or seated • Rotate the head to the same side while
2
• Apply the base of the tape to the maintaining lateral flexion to the opposite
transverse process of the 3rd cervical side.
vertebra. • Apply pressure over the base of the tape
• Peel the Kinesio Tex from the paper liner in the posterior and superior direction to
and place the tape temporarily on the skin. increase tissue tension.
Do not activate the adhesive by rubbing. • Apply the other end of the Kinesio Tex to
the first rib located posterior to the medial
1/3 of the clavicle with 15-35% tension.

Underactive muscle correction to improve
cervical rotation to neutral.
Reassess: Repeat screening and retest
strength. Asses posture.
3
Follow up treatment suggestions: Cervical
ROM exercises. Myofascial release to neck
and shoulder girdle.
If you choose to remove tape, use standard

Kinesio Taping removal methods: Roll, Skin
from Tape, or Pressure. Use oil, if needed,
to break adhesive bond. If skin is irritated,
you may offer cool compress or apply liquid
antacid with cotton or gauze ad to affected
area. Allow to dry until it is the consistency
of chalk. Brush off excess.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Pectoral Girdle Screening
Pectoral Girdle Screening Pectoral Girdle Screening- Active

This test is used to check muscle fatigue such as overuse of Request participation to tolerance.
arm muscles. 1. Subject is seated.
Have the subject sit on a chair and look straight ahead. Hold 2. Shoulder abduction to 90 degrees.
the subject’s wrist and pull the arm back. If the elbow does 3. Elbow flexion to 90 degrees.
not go over the line of shoulder and the wrist does not go 4. External rotation to 90 degrees.
over the line of elbow, there may be some problems in the 5. Full wrist and finger extension.
region from the fingertips to the arm. 6. Scapular retraction.
7. Return to resting posture.
8. Repeat movement 3-5 times.
9. Note symptoms presentation and compensations.
• Screening may be performed passively if scope of
practice allows.
Taping for Pectoral Girdle Screening

• Biceps Brachii • Pronator Quadratus
• Pectoralis Minor • Extensor Carpi Radialis
• Coracobrachialis Longus
• Pronator Teres • Extensor Carpi Radialis
• Flexor Carpi Tibialis Brevis
• Palmaris Longus • Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
• Flexor Carpi Ulnaris • And many more….
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Pectoralis Major (Sternocostal Portion)
0011-GH-XX
Functional Anatomy Testing
Origin: Medial half of the clavicle, upper surface of the Patient position: supine with elbow extended and
6th or 7th rib and the limits of the lateral half of the shoulder in 90 degrees flexion, slight medial rotation,
frontal of thesternum. 1st through 6th rib cartilage. and slightly adducted obliquely toward the opposite iliac
Insertion: Crest of the greater tubercle of humerus crest. Stabilize the opposite iliac crest.
adjacent to bicipital groove. Examiner pressure: Against the forearm obliquely and in

Actions: Horizontal adduction and internal rotation of a cranial direction.
humerus.
Nerve: C5-C8, Th1, Lateral and medial pectoral nerves.
Tape Specification: Y-Cut

Width: 5cm, length: 25cm, “Y” cut: 20cm
Measure the distance from the greater tubercle of the
humerus to the midpoint of the sternum.
(Look at the red line drawn on the picture for an estimate
of the tape length.)
20cm
5cm
25cm

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
3
• Patient position: seated. • Elevate the shoulder into further
1
• The shoulder and elbow are flexed to glenohumeral abduction and external
90 degrees. The glenohumeral joint is rotation to increase tissue tension.
externally rotated and extended. • Apply the inferior “Y” tail to the lateral
• Apply the base of the Kinesio Tex just aspect of the nipple to surround the
anterior to the distal attachment of the sternal portion of the pectoralis major with
deltoid on proximal third of the humerus. 15-25% tension.
• Peel the Kinesio Tex from the paper liner
and place the tape temporarily on the skin.
Do not activate the adhesive by rubbing.
2
• Stabilize the base of the tape and pull the
skin posteriorly to increase tissue tension
• Apply the superior “Y” tail to the
sternoclavicular joint with 15-25% tension.
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HKDA: Kinesio Screening for the Lower Body
Symptoms of the lower body like back pain, and arthralia in
knee and hip joints can be caused by many different factors
and causal relationships, so the where the symptom has
appeared is not necessarily the same region as the region
of the prime cause of the symptom. The lower body plays a
very important role in the human body resisting gravity. At
the same time, how we use the lower body differs according
to our disposition and lifestyle, so symptoms also become
complex or complementary. For these reasons, mastering
how to identify the functions of the lower body easily and
quickly, which differ so vastly by individual, may determine
the outcome of taping later on in some cases.

Introduced here are three ways of checking the source
of symptoms appearing in the lower body. They include
a method to test tension of the back, a method to test
abduction of the hip joint, and a method to test elevation
of the lower limbs. Use these methods in the taping
procedure according to the muscle treated.
Trunk Flexion Screening Trunk Flexion Screening- Active

Request participation to tolerance.
1. Subject is supine.
2. Cervical flexion, chin to chest, lips closed.
3. Protract shoulders.
4. Thoracic flexion.
5. Lumbar flexion.
6. Hip flexion.
7. Return to resting position in supine.
8. Repeat movement 3-5 times.
9. Note symptom presentation and compensations.
• Screening may be performed passively if scope of practice
allows.
This test is a method to check muscle (superficial fascia)

tone on the entire lumbar portion of the back.
After having a subject lie supine and relax, flex the subject’s
trunk to completely straighten up the upper body. If the
subject feels tense when getting up or looks awkward in his
movements due to pain on the lumbar portion of back, it
could be from increased muscle tone on muscles in the back
or the shoulder due to stress.
Taping for Trunk Flexion Screening
• Sacrospinalis (Sacral Multifidi)
• Quadratus Lumborum
• Iliocostalis Lumborum (Superficial Erector Spinae)
• Psoas Major

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Rectus Abdomonis
0218-TR-XX
Functional Anatomy
Origin: Pubic crest and pubic symphysis
Insertion: 5th, 6th, and 7th costal cartilages, xiphoid
process of the sternum
Actions: Flexes trunk; aids in forced expiration and

raises intraabdominal pressure
Nerve: T5-T12 anterior primary rami
Testing Tape Specification

Patient position: Seated with forearms folded across I-Cut
the chest and both hands placed on shoulders. Flex the Width: 5cm, length: 25cm
trunk so that both shoulders are closer to the knees. Measure the distance from the xiphoid process to
Examine Pressure: Hold the femoral region with one hairline on the lower abdomen. (Look at the red line
hand. Push the upper part of the body with the other drawn on the picture to get a rough estimate of the tape
hand or forearm to the rear. length.)
5cm
25cm
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 3
• Patient position: Supine, seated or
standing. • Apply end in stretch position with no
• Anchor in natural with no tension below tension at the cost cartilage of ribs.
umbilicus next to the Linea Alba.

2 4
• Expand the abdomen with an abdominal
breath.
• Apply the second piece of tape to the other
• Apply the tape to the lateral aspect of the
side in the same way.
umbilicus
• Tissue stretch option: lumbar extension;
client takes belly breath; offer manual
tissue stretch. Apply 15-35% tension.

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Hip Rotation Screening
Hip Rotation Screening Hip Rotation Screening- Active

This test is used to reveal abnormalities in the pelvis or the Request participation to tolerance.
hip joint. 1. Subject in supine.
The symptoms will appear if the pelvis or the bones in 2. Hip flexion with knee flexion, relaxed foot.
the lumbar region get deformed, displaced or have some 3. At end range hip flexion, perform external rotation of hip
dysfunction. with knee flexion to cross active leg over resting leg to
Have the subject lie supine, bend the knee of his/her align ankle proximal to knee.
involved side, externally rotate the hip, and place the heel 4. Return to resting posture.
on the opposite knee. Put one hand on the hip region of the 5. Test Repeat movement 3-5 times. Note symptom
uninvolved side to stabilize the hip on the examining table. presentation and compensations.
Then, push on the flexed knee lightly with the other hand. In 6. Screening may be performed passively if scope of
cases of abnormality in the hip joint, the flexed knee will be practice allows.
not able to reach the floor or pain will be elicited in that joint. Assist performance of this screening as needed while
Taping for Hip Rotation Screening

• Gluteus Medius • Sartorious
• Gracilis • Iliacus
• Pectineus • Hip Adductors
• Adductor Longus • Gluteus Maximus
• Adductor Brevis • Tensor Fascia Latae
• Adductor Magnus • Piriformis
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Gluteus Medius (Overactive)
0216-HI-XX
Functional Anatomy
Origin: External surface of ilium from iliac crest and
posterior gluteal line dorsally, and anterior gluteal line
ventrally, gluteal aponeurosis.
Insertion: Oblique ridge on the lateral surface of greater
trochanter of femur.

Actions: Hip abduction; anterior fibers medially rotate
and may assist in hip flexion; posterior fibers laterally
rotate and may assist in hip extension
Nerve: L4-L5, S1, Superior gluteal nerve.
Testing Tape Specification

Patient position: Side lying with the underneath leg I-Cut - 2 pieces
flexed at the hip and knee and the pelvis rotated slightly Width: 5cm, length: 30cm
forward to place the posterior gluteus medius in an Measure the distance from the greater trochanter to the
antigravity position. iliac crest, three finger breadths lateral to the L5 spinous
Stabilize the pelvis just above the hip joint. To process.
emphasize the posterior portion of gluteus medius, (Look at the red line drawn on the picture for an estimate
abduct the hip with slight extension, and slight external of the tape length.)
rotation.
Do not allow the pelvis to rotate backward to give the
appearance of external rotation of the hip joint. Maintain
the knee in extension. Correct positioning is critical for 5cm
obtaining an accurate result for the presence of isolated
gluteus medius weakness. 30cm
Examiner pressure: Against the leg, near the ankle, in
the direction of adduction and slight flexion; do not apply
pressure against the rotation component.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 3
• Patient position: side lying with the leg in
• Apply the base of the tape to the greater
the neutral position.
trochanter. Flex, adduct, and internally
• Apply the base of the tape to the greater
rotate the hip. Flex the knee.
trochanter.
2
• Stabilize the base of the tape over the
4
greater trochanter and pull the skin distally
and anteriorly to increase the tissue • Stabilize the base of the tape over the
tension. greater trochanter and pull the skin distally
• Apply the tape to the posterior superior and anteriorly to increase the tissue
iliac spine, following the anterior border of tension.
the gluteus medius. • Apply the tape on the scrum, enclosing the
gluteus medius.
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Gluteus Medius (Underactive)
0217-HI-XX
Underactive Muscle Correction to improve hip external
rotation and decrease knee pain.
• 2 Kinesio I Strips
• P to D
• 15-35% tension
Tape Specification

I-Cut - 2 pieces
Width: 5cm, length: 30cm
Measure the distance from the greater trochanter to the
iliac crest, three finger breadths lateral to the L5 spinous
process. (Look at the red line drawn on the picture for an
estimate of the tape length.)
5cm
30cm
1 2
• Position: Adduct and extend hip.
• Apply tape with 15-35% tension.
• Anchor in neutral position, with no tension,
• Apply End in stretched position, with
at lip of Iliac Crest just lateral to ASIS.
no tension, slightly distal to Greater
Trochanter.
• Activate adhesive in stretched position.

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3 5
• Anchor second Kinesio I-Cut in neutral Completed Application:
position, with no tension, at lip of Iliac Reassess: Repeat Screening and retest
Crest, lateral to PSIS. strength, assess posture.
• Position: Flex and adduct hip. Follow Up Treatment Suggestions: Joint
• Apply tape with 15-35% tension. mobilization, soft tissue mobilization and
home exercise program.
4 • Apply End in stretched position, with no

tension, on skin, at Greater Trochanter.
• Activate adhesive in stretched posture.
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Straight Leg Raise Screening

Straight Leg Raise Screening Straight Leg Raise Screening - Active
This test is used to check for tight muscles or nerves in the Request participation to tolerance.
lower extremities. 1. Subject in supine.
The muscles in the lower extremities can become stiff due 2. Hip flexion with knee extension and relaxed ankle.
to excessive walking, standing for a prolonged period, and 3. Return to resting posture.
after exercising for the first time in a while. 4. Repeat with hip flexion, knee extension and ankle in
Have the subject lie supine and extend the knee of his/ neutral relative to dorsiflexion/plantar flexion.
her involved side. Hold the ankle region of involved side 5. Return to resting posture.
and raise the leg slowly. If sharp pain or severe nerve root 6. Repeat movement three to five times.
irritation is indicated when the leg is raised 20 degrees, there • Note symptom presentation and compensations
may be a disc prolapse. In addition, if the subject feels pain • Screening may be performed passively if scope of
in the region of the lower back with straight rising of the leg, practice allows
it may be from fatigue of the foot region. A normal SLR value • Assist performance of this screening as needed while
would be more than 90 degrees. offering Kinesio Assessment.
Taping for Straight Leg Raise Screening

• Gastrocnemius • Quadriceps Femoris
• Fibularis (Peroneus) • Rectus Femoris
Tertius • Vastus Lateralis
• Tibialis Posterior • Vastus Medialis
• Fibularis (Peroneus) • Vastus Intermedius
Brevis • Many more...

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Quadriceps Femoris (Overactive)
0214-KN-HI
Functional Anatomy Testing:
Origin: Rectus Femoris: Straight head: anterior inferior Patient position: Supine position or seated, with the hip
iliac spine; reflected head: groove above the rim of the flexed to 90 degrees. Do not allow the patient to lean
acetabulum. back. Extend the knee without thigh rotation. (Note:
Vastus Lateralis: proximal part of the intertrochanteric photograph does not show anti-gravity test position.)
line, anterior and inferior borders of the greater Examiner pressure: Against the leg, above the ankle, in
trochanter, lateral lip of gluteal tuberosity, proximal 1 /2 the direction of knee flexion.
of lateral lip of linea aspera, and lateral intermuscular
septum.
Vastus lntermedius: anterior and lateral surfaces of the
proximal 2/3 of the femur, distal 1/2 of linea aspera, and
lateral intermuscular septum.
Vastus Medialis: distal 1 /2 of the intertrochanteric
line, medial lip of linea aspera, proximal part of medial
supracondylar line, tendons of adductor longus and
adductor magnus, and medial intermuscular septum
Insertion: Proximal border of the patella and through the
patellar ligament to the tibial tuberosity.
Actions: Knee extension (all) and hip flexion (rectus
femoris only).
Nerve: L2-L4, Femoral Nerve.
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
2
Tape Specification • Maximally flex the hip and knee. With your
Y-Cut hand over the start of the “Y” tails and the
Width: 5cm, length: 45cm, Y-Cut: 12cm superior border of the patella, pull the skin
Measure the distance from the ASIS to the tibial superiorly and medially to increase tissue
tuberosity. tension.
(Look at the red line drawn on the picture for an estimate • Apply the tape toward to the lateral patellar
of the tape length.) border and tibial tuberosity.
12cm
5cm

45cm
3
• Maximally flex the hip and knee. With your
hand over the start of the “Y” tails and the
superior border of the patella, pull the skin
superiorly and laterally to increase tissue
1
tension.
• Patient position: Supine. • Apply the tape toward to the medial
• Tear the tape paper backing to the base of patellar border and tibial tuberosity.
the “Y” tails and apply the Y-Cut junction
just proximal to the superior border of the
patella..

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
4
• Patient position: Extend hip.
• Apply the I-Cut part of the tape to the
anterior thigh toward the anterior inferior
iliac spine (AIIS) .
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Quadriceps Femoris (Underactive)
0215-KN-HI
2
Tape Specification • Position: Extend hip
Y-Cut • Apply tape with15-35%tension.
Width: 5cm, length: 45cm, Y-Cut: 12cm • Apply therapeutic zone as far as the
Kinesio Y-Cut, split at musculotendinous junction musculotendinous junction.
P to D • Activate adhesive in stretched position.
15 - 35% tension

12cm
5cm
45cm
1
• Position: supine or side lying hip and knee
in neutral.
• Anchor in neutral to gentle stretched
tissue, with no tension, to ASIS. It is
common to measure and anchor tape in
slight stretch when treating a 2 joint or
multiple joint muscle.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
3 4
• Position: Hip Flexion and Knee Flexion. Completed Application:
• At musculotendinous junction, separate Reassess: Repeat Screening, strength test,
tails to surround Patella. assess posture.
• Apply End in stretched position, with no Follow Up Treatment Suggestions: Closed
tension, at Tibial Tuberosity. Chain hip and knee exercises. Balance
• Activate adhesive in stretched position. training for single leg stance.
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NOTES

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NOTES
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
SUPERFICIAL
FASCIA
Chapter 6 Superficial Fascia
Superficial Fascia Dr. Jean-Claude
Interconnected tissues as seen with endoscopic Guimberto
photography. Interconnections allow us to influence deeper Jean-Claude
tissues through skin. Guimberteau, MD, was
born in 1947. He is co-
founder and scientific
director of the “Institut
Aquitain de la Main.” He
is member of the French
Hand Society (GEM) and
Superficial Fascia
past President 2012 of

the French Plastic and
Reconstructive surgery
society (SOFCPRE). He
has served on the Health
Service High Authority.
He was trained in the Hand and Plastic department of the
Bordeaux University, with Dr. AJM. Goumain and Prof. J.
Baudet. During this surgical training, he was one of the
pioneers in microsurgery and transplantations. In 1976 Dr.
Guimberteau spent few months in the US as visiting fellow
with Prof J.M. Converse in New York and Prof. R. Millard
in Miami, Florida. Introducing innovative concepts in hand
• Facilitates movement of the skin. anatomy, physiology, and secondary flexor tendon repair, he
• Conserves body heat because fat is a poor conductor of has been supported many years by Prof. Cl Verdan and Prof
heat. H.E. Kleinert.
• Allows tissues to glide across each other when the body
Dr. Guimberteau is a pioneer in endoscopic exploration
is mobile, and tissues are stretched.
of the tissular organization of the human body. He has
directed many videos on living matter (http://www.
endovivo.com) having developed a new concept on living
tissues and proposed a new ontology for human interior
architectures which is developed in his book, “Architecture
of Human Living Fascia Cells and the Extracellular Matrix as
Revealed by Endoscopy” with Colin Armstrong. Published by
Handspring Publishing, 2015.
Fascia Tissue Damage
Fascia: Normal Structure Fascia: Post Trauma

Manual and Movement Assessments help determine
Picture Credit: Guimberteau, J.C., Strolling Under the Skin, 2005 and treatment of injured or stressed fascia.
Interior Architecture, 2012 http://www.guimberteau-jc-md.com/en
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Surface Adhesion Concept
Collagen
A jelly like protein that works with elastin to provide form,
firmness and strength to body tissues42,43.
Immobility encourages collagen production causing
increased viscosity, acting like glue between tissues.
Fascia can remodel in response to changes in collagen
viscosity.
Kinesio Taping applications promote tissue mobility to break
unhealthy adhesions.
Fascia Correction
Purpose: By applying the gentle “recoiling” effect toward the
tail from the base of the strip that is placed while shaken
and stretched, release the stiff and/or adhered skin/fascia of
Superficial Fascia
the femoral region. Because the subject of this taping is the
skin/superficial fascia, avoid excessive compression.
Examination and Target: Manually find the limitation of
the skin motion and/or the stiff fascia. Check relaxation of
the fascia while manually shaking the fascia/skin without
applying any pressure. Verify the target by the Muscle Test.
Subject: Applicable area (disorders/dysfunctional area).
Fascia tissue. The area with the tight skin. The area where
the skin/fascia needs to be loosened without applying any
pressure.
Mode of Action: Pull and adjust the fascia tissue to place
the muscles in the normal position. Apply 10-50 % tension at
the base and tail of the tape. Deep fascia.
Kinesio Taping Method Fascia Correction Lab
Kinesio Y-Cuts
10-15% tension no oscillation 10-25% tension with oscillation 25-50% tension with oscillation.
Most superficial targets Superficial to middle targets Deepest targets
1/2 width or smaller Y-Cut Full width Y-Cut Full width Y-Cut
Fascia Corrections
“Unwinding Tissue”
10 - 15% tension targets the most sensitive superficial fascia without oscillation.
10 - 25% tension targets superficial fascia with oscillation.
25 - 50% tension targets deep fascia with oscillation to create, unwind, or direct movement of fascia.
Oscillate tape “side to side” or “long and short” to treat superficial to deeper tissues.
Choose one of these corrections when the MDT - Tissue Glides decrease fascial restrictions, decrease pain or movement
dysfunction. The glide simulates the therapeutic direction/recoil of the tape.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Fascia Correction (Superficial Tissue Light Stimulation Upper Layer)
0230-CO-FS
2
Tape Specification
Kinesio Y-Cut • Place one hand lightly on Anchor.
10-15% tension for lowest level of stimulus without • Apply with10-15% tension through each
oscillation for most sensitive and superficial tissues. tail individually.
MDT - Tissue reveals dull pain is present with light
touch, and fascia is restricted in posterior-lateral
movement planes. Pain decreases with this fascial glide.
• Measure and cut Kinesio Y-Cut *1/2 width
10cm
Superficial Fascia
2.5cm
15cm
1 • Anchor in neutral position, with no tension,

behind or below target tissue.
3
• Apply End with no tension in neutral to
gently stretched position.
• Rub or pat to activate adhesive.
• Reassess for pain and movement
restrictions.
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Fascia Correction (Moderate Stimulation Middle Layer)
0231-CO-FS
2
Function and Effects • Place one hand lightly on anchor.
Function: Utilizes the tension on the base of Y-Cut to • Oscillate tape “Side to Side” with 10-25%
reposition fascia. Light to moderate (10-25%) available tension through tails. Oscillate tape “Long
tension. and Short” with 10-25% tension through
Effects: The elastic qualities of the Kinesio Tex tape will tails.
be applied using an “oscillating” or “shaking” motion in • Gently slide hand holding Anchor to follow
an attempt to reduce tension and adhesions between oscillations.
and within the layers of the fascia.
Tape Specification
Superficial Fascia
Width: 5cm
Length: Y-Cut, 15cm
10cm
5cm
15cm
1
• MDT – Tissue reveals that fascia does not
move posteriorly across the upper thigh.
Range of Motion is improved with this
manual glide.
• Anchor in neutral position, with no tension,
3
behind or below target tissue.
• Place target tissue on gentle stretch. • Apply End in neutral to slightly stretched
position with no tension.
• Rub to activate adhesive.
• Reassess for pain report and movement
limitations.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Fascia Correction (Moderate Stimulation Deep Layer)
0232-CO-FS
2
Function and Effects • Place one hand lightly on anchor ! Oscillate
Function: Utilizes the tension on the base of Y-Cut to tape “Side to Side” with 25-50% tension
reposition fascia. Moderate (25-50%) available tension. through tails.
Effects: The elastic qualities of the Kinesio Tex tape will • Oscillate tape “Long and Short” with 25-
be applied using an “oscillating” or “shaking” motion in 50% tension through tails.
an attempt to reduce tension and adhesions between • Gently slide hand holding the anchor to
and within the layers of the fascia. follow oscillations.
Tape Specification
Kinesio Y-Cut
Superficial Fascia
25-50% tension for moderate level stimulus with

oscillation for deep tissues. MDT – Tissue reveals that
fascia does not move posteriorly across the upper thigh.
Range of Motion is improved with this manual glide.
• Measure and cut Kinesio Y-Cut.
10cm
5cm
15cm
1 3
• MDT - Tissue reveals fascia is restricted • Apply End in neutral to slightly stretched
with posterior glide anterior to the Iliotibial position, with no tension.
Band. • Rub to activate adhesive.
• Anchor in neutral position, with no tension, • Reassess for pain report and movement
behind or below target tissue. limitations.
• Place target tissue on gentle stretch
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Fascia Hold Correction
0222-CO-FS
1
Purpose: By applying the gentle “recoiling” effect toward
the tail from the base of the strip that is placed while
• Apply manual tension to the fascia in the
shaken and stretched, hold the stiff and/or adhered
desired direction before applying the tape.
skin/fascia of the femoral region and keep in the
normal condition. Although this technique is the same
as “Mechanical Correction, Y-Cut”, the target is skin/
superficial fascia that needs to avoid excessive pressing.
Examination and Target: Manually find the areas with
limitation of skin motion, stiff fascia, and stretched
Superficial Fascia
muscles/fascia without release. Check relaxation of the
fascia while manually shaking the fascia/skin without
applying any pressure.
Verify the target by the Muscle Test.
Subject: Applicable area (disorders/dysfunctional area).
Fascia tissue. The area where the skin/fascia needs to
be held (or loosened) and kept in that condition.
Mode of Action: Hold and keep the fascia in the normal
position. (“Hold” means to keep the condition without
applying any pressure). Apply 25-50 % tension at the
base and tail of the tape. Deep fascia.
Function: Position the fascia (manual therapy of
myofascial hold) in the desired position prior to tape
application, while applying tension on the base of Y-Cut.
Light to moderate (25-50%) available tension.
2
Effects: Technique will allow the fascia to be held in
desired position or limit the movement of the fascia in
an unwanted position.
Tape Specification • With no tension on the tape, apply the base
Width: 5cm of tape to the affected area.
Length: Y-Cut, 15cm
10cm
5cm
15cm

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
3 4
• Stabilize the base of the tape. Hold the
ends of both tails and oscillate (alternately
pull and release) the tape as you apply it to • Apply the ends of the tape with no tension.
the skin to either hold or assist the fascia
in unwinding from the desired position.
Apply the tape with light to moderate
(25-50%) available tension in a direction
toward the fascia that is easy to loosen.
Superficial Fascia
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Kinesio Body Design Beauty Taping
Known for its groundbreaking education for the last 40
years now Kinesio introduces a completely different area
of treatment. Based on the founder of the Kinesio Taping
Method, Dr. Kenzo Kase’s unique therapeutic principles,
Kinesio announces a whole new way of looking at beauty
wellness. The combination of diet, rest and self-care has
Superficial Fascia
always been the hallmark of well being. Beauty wellness is a
connection between body and mind. We all know that feeling
better makes us look better. This program goes a step
further. The focus of the new Kinesio Body Design program
is to train the skin to return to its natural structure.
To achieve optimal health Kinesio Body Design taping
applications include treatments that emphasize wellness of
the superficial skin layers. Skin health matters. Skin serves
as a barrier, has its own specialized immune system, and
secrets its own hormones. Kinesio Body Design is a fascia
hydro kinetic technique. The Kinesio Body Design program
offers specific applications for erect posture, reducing
wrinkles or puffiness under the eyes. These applications
can tighten the skin on the upper arms and stimulate the
meridian to tone the legs.
This video introduces Kinesio Taping tissue hold correction
applications for body design using muscle and fascia hydro
kinetic technique especially for health, beauty, and wellness.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Kinesio Body Design Application Guidelines revolutionized Kinesio Taping method. Light Touch
Use hand to move the skin and fascia tissue into desired innovative adhesive “Micro-Air-Pocket” technology naturally
position before applying tape. The first half of the tape is synchronizes the fascia elements within the integumentary
applied with no tension on the anchor. The hand is placed on system to rejuvenate it fascial fibers elasticity and memory
the anchor and the tissue is moved into the desired position. cells buoyancy.
The middle third of the tape is applied on the tissue using The Kinesio Body Design “fascia hydro kinetic technique”
30% tension. The last third of the tape is applied with no works to allow the fascial fibers to elongate and replenish
tension on the end. the capillary beds “Pericytes” to prevent leakage and
Kinesio Body Design minimize the degenerative process.
Fascia Hydro Kinetic Technique Versus Traditional Kinesio Move and hold skin and fascia into desired position before
Taping Method applying tape. Rub tape gently to activate.
Creates a lift within the fascial fibers and integumentary • NO RECOIL
system / underlying tissue.
• Stimulates movement of good nutrients and re- • NO HOLD
hydration within the targeted tissue.
• NO COMPRESSION
Superficial Fascia
• Traditional Kinesio Taping muscle and fascia

applications should be used to treat acute pain or
dysfunction, the applications in this course are for
appearance only.
As we age through life so does the degenerative process,
causing a mild strain amongst the five physiology systems.
Utilizing Kinesio Body Design “fascia hydro kinetic
technique” will allow the fascial system integumentary
system to rejuvenate its fascial fibers and sustain its
fountain of youth buoyancy.
KBD fascia hydro kinetic technique:

• Elevates the fascial fibers and integumentary system /
underlying tissue.
• Stimulates movement of good nutrients and hydration
within the targeted tissue.
• Posture Correction.
MOVE / ALIGN / HOLD
Kinesio Body Design is a fascia hydro kinetic technique
With Kinesio Tex Gold Light Touch+ patented technology,
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Review of Chapter 6
Superficial Fascia
What does Jean Claude Guimberto think about Kinesio Kinesio Body Design uses what correction technique?
Tape on the skin?
What is “Oscillating”? And why do you use it?
NOTES
Superficial Fascia

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NOTES
Superficial Fascia
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
TENDON
Chapter 7 Tendon
Anatomy of Tendon
• Collagen
• Endomysium
• Perimysium
• Epimysium
Spiral Formation to withstand longitudinal but also
transversal and rotational forces.
Commonly injured by overuse, acute overload and age-
related degeneration.
Tendon Correction
Purpose: By applying the “recoiling” effect of tension at
the middle 1/3 of the tape toward the center, stimulate
mechanoreceptors on the tendon to reduce its inflammation.
As a result, the condition of the tendon is normalized.
By conducting the orthopedic tests, find a tendon with a
Tendon
problem. Find the tendon with inflammation by palpation.

Verify the target using the muscle test
Subject: Tendon, tendinitis, tendon lesion.
Mode of Action: Tension of the tape stimulates
mechanoreceptors on the tendon to normalize it. Apply 50-
75% tension over the dysfunctional area. Tendon.
Tendon Correction (Achilles Tendon)

0227-CO-TE
“Proprioceptive”: Tendon Correction
• Decrease stress on tendon by stimulating Golgi Function: Apply tension to the length of I-Cut directly
Tendon Receptors (GTO) for joint protection and over the tendon. Moderate to severe (50-75%) available
softening muscle contraction. tension is applied.
• Produce a signal through the skin to the brain for Effects: Technique will create increased stimuli over the
perception of normal tension on target tissues. area of a tendon resulting in increased stimulation of the
Tendon: mechanoreceptors. This increased stimulus is believed
• Stretch target tissue. to be perceived as proprioceptive stimuli.
• 50-75% tension. Tape Specification
• Rule of Thirds and Kinesio Tex Classic or Width: 5cm
Performance+ recommended. Length: I-Cut, 20cm
• In acute conditions apply Overactive Muscle
Correction in addition to Tendon Correction.
• Choose this correction when the MDT –Tissue
5cm
Compression on a tendon decreases pathologic
fascial restrictions, decreases pain, or corrects
movement and strength limitations.
20cm
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 • Position: Prone, dorsiflexion.
• Anchor in neutral position, with no tension
at Calcaneal fat pad.
3 • Apply End in stretched position, with no
tension. Activate adhesive in stretched
position
Tendon
2 4
• Place tendon to be treated in a stretched Completed Application: Achilles Tendon
position. Correction
• Apply 50-75% tension over length of • Kinesio I-Cut.
tendon, up to the musculotendinous • 50-75% tension with 15-25% Overactive
junction. Muscle Correction.
• Tension should then be reduced to 15-
25% for Overactive Muscle Correction for
Gastrocnemius.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Review of Chapter 7
Tendon
How is a tendon commonly overused? What amount of tension works best on a tendon?
What kinds of injury happen to a tendon?
NOTES
Tendon
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
LIGAMENT
Chapter 8 Ligament
Ligament Correction Medial Collateral Ligament
Purpose: By applying the “recoiling” effect toward the center
of the strip that is stretched at the middle 1/3 of the tape,
stimulate the mechanical receptors over the target ligament.
This stimulation will relieve inflammation and normalize
the ligament. Using the palm, find the area with active
movement or high pressure on the skin. Locate internal
bleeding. By conducting the orthopedic test, find a ligament
with a problem. Verify the target using the muscle test.
Subject: Ligaments, syndesmitis, ligament injury.
Mode of Action: Tension of the tape stimulates the
mechanoreceptors on the ligament to normalize it. Apply
50-100% tension at the middle 1/3 of the strip. Ligament,
bone, etc.
Ligament Anatomy
• Responsive tissues, strong, flexible, and resistant to
damage from pulling or compressing stresses.
Ligament
• Interconnected bundles of collagen fibers.

• Epiligament tissues contains blood supply.
• Neural supply parallels blood vessels.
• With joint movement some fibers tighten and some
loosen within the same ligament.
Ligament Correction (MCL)

0226-CO-LG
“Proprioceptive” Function: Apply tension to the middle 1/3 of the I-Cut.
• Decrease stress on ligament Moderate to full (50-100%) available tension.
• Produce a signal through the skin and Effects: Technique will create increased stimuli over
mechanoreceptors to the brain for perception of the area of a ligament resulting in increased stimulation
normal tension on target tissues of the mechanoreceptors. This increased stimulus is
Ligament: No stretch on target tissue, neutral or open believed to be perceived as proprioceptive stimuli.
packed posture Supplementary Explanation: The length of the tape
• 75-100% tension should be about three times as long as the width or
• 50-100% tension length of the target ligament.
• Rule of Thirds and Kinesio Tex Classic or Tape Specification
Performance+ recommended Width: 5cm
• Choose this correction when the MDT – Tissue Length: I-Cut, 20cm
Compression on a ligament decreases pathologic
fascial restrictions, decreases pain, or corrects
movement and strength limitations. 5cm
20cm
136 Kinesio University® - Foundations Workbook
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 3
• Slide lower hand upward to secure tape.
Position: mid range posture (knee 20-30º of
• Option: Move the joint as tolerated,
flexion).
through full range of motion prior to end
• Anchor in neutral position to slightly
of application.
stretched position, with no tension.
• Option: Manually stretch tissue on thigh
prior to applying end to limit discomfort.
• Apply end with no tension.
• Rub to activate adhesive.
Ligament
2
• Hold Anchor to limit tension transfer.
• Apply 50-100% tension directly over
ligament.
• Tension terminates at superior aspect of
medial Femoral Condyle.
4 • Reassess pain report, functional
movement and strength.
Kinesio University® - Foundations Workbook 137

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Review of Chapter 8
Ligament
What is the “recoiling effect”?
What does “proprioceptive” mean?
NOTES
Ligament
138 Kinesio University® - Foundations Workbook
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
SPACE
CORRECTION
I-Cut Donut Hole in X-Cut
Web Cut Star Technique

Chapter 9 Space Corrections
Standard Space Correction Cuts Kinesio Taping Method- Space Correction
“Lifting”
• Create recoil and lift over tight target tissue to offer
I-Cut: 10-35% tension. fascial mobilization to improve ROM and decrease pain
High level stimulus. Lifts report.
sensitive tissue. • Recoil of tape can create low pressure to reduce local
edema.
• 10-35% tension in center of tape * % varies with cut.
Donut Hole: 15-25% • Choose this correction when MDT-Tissue.
tension. Low level Decompression decreases pain, relieves “pressure”,
stimulus. Lifts tissues reduces movement dysfunction.
around sensitive tissues. Always apply tension from center so that the recoil allows
Dissipates tensions tissue to be decompressed and lifted.
through tails of X-Cut.
Web Cut: 10-20%

tension. Low level
stimulus. Lifts sensitive
tissues. Offers local
Space Correction
edema reduction.
Space Correction (I Cut)

0223-CO-SP
Purpose: By applying the “recoiling” effect toward the Function and Effects
center of the strip that is stretched at the middle 1/3 Function - Apply tension to the middle third of the I-Cut.
of the strip. Secure the space for the skin/fascia at the Light to moderate to full (10-35%) tension.
target area to hasten elimination of the inflammatory Effects - Technique will create increased stimuli over
substance. As a result, pain and/or feeling of pressure at the area of a ligament resulting in increased stimulation
the target area will be eased. of the mechanoreceptors. This increased stimulus is
Lift the skin/fascia of the compressed area using the believed to be perceived as proprioceptive stimuli.
palm. Supplementary Explanation - The length of the tape
Find the area with pain, inflammation and/or puffiness. should be about three times as long as the width or
Find the area where muscles are collapsed and stuck length of the target ligament.
together.
Verify the target using the muscle test.
Subject: Applicable area (disorders/dysfunctional area)
Pain, induration, bruises, etc. 5cm
Mode of Action: By securing the subcutaneous space,
reduce pressure at the disorders/affected area. Apply
10-35% tension at the middle 1/3 of the strip. 15cm
Creates space between the skin and the deep fascia.
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 3
Reassess: Elbow flexion extension range
Position: Elbow flexion, gentle stretch.
and pain report.
• Tear paper in center of tape.
Follow Up Treatment Suggestions:
• Apply 10-35% tension. (I-Cut is often
• Gentle elbow flexion exercises.
applied with 25-35% tension).
• Reapply tape as needed every 2-3 days.
Space Correction
2 4
• Apply Ends with no tension, in stretched
position.
• Note convolutions
• Activate adhesive with gentle rub or pat in
stretched position.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Space Correction (Donut Hole Cut)
0224-CO-SP
Purpose: Although this is the same as the “Space Function and Effects
Correction”, this is applied to the joint region and/or the Function - Apply tension to the middle third of the Donut
area with a big bone. This technique is used to avoid Hole Cut. Light to moderate (15-25%) tension.
excessive stimulation to the joint and/or bone. Effects - Technique will dissipate stimuli over the area
Lift the skin/fascia of the compressed area using the of the target resulting in decreased stimulation of the
palm. mechanoreceptors.
Find the area with pain, inflammation, and/or puffiness. Supplementary Explanation - The length of the tape
Find area where skin/fascia is pushed and stretched by should be about three times as long as the width or
a bone while moving the joint. length of the target area.
5cm 2.5cm 5cm
Subject: Applicable area (Disorders/dysfunctional area)
Area with a protruded joint/bone (bones are pushed due
to increased internal pressure).
Mode of Action: The donut shaped center hole will
eliminate direct pressure to the protrusion. (Same as the 5cm
“Space Correction, I-Cut).
Apply 15-25% tension at the middle 1/3 of the tape.
Space between the skin and the deep fascia.
15cm
Space Correction
• Move the joint into its full available range

of motion to increase tissue tension under
1
the tape.
• Tear the paper backing away from the
central portion of the tape, leaving the
backing on the tails.
• Holding the Kinesio Tex by the tails, pull
the middle 1/3 of the tape with light to
moderate (15-25%) available tension and
apply the central portion with the hole in
the center of the tape surrounding the
affected area.
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
2 • Apply the ends of the Kinesio Tex with no tension.
Space Correction

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Space Correction (Web Cut)
0225-CO-SP
Purpose: Cut slits on the tape. By applying the Function and Effects Function - Apply tension to the
“recoiling” effect toward the center of the strip that is middle third of the I-Cut. Light to moderate tension (10-
stretched at the middle 1/3 of the tape, secure the wide 20%).
surface of the skin and the space of the fascia around Effects - This technique is applied to create more space
the elbow, to eliminate the inflammatory substance. directly above an area of pain, inflammation, swelling or
As a result, pain and swelling will be improved without edema. The increased space that is created decreases
excessive pressure/stimulation. the pressure in the target are treated by lifting the skin
Lift the skin/fascia of the compressed area by the palm. directly over the treatment area.
Using the palm find the area with active movement of Supplementary Explanation - The length of the tape
high pressure on the skin. should be about three times as long as the width or
Locate internal bleeding. length of the target ligament.
Subject: Applicable area (Disorders/dysfunctional area)
Join inflammation, swelling, internal bleeding, acute
edema. (Compare to “Lymphatic Correction” taping. This
taping will not be easily removed.) 5cm
Mode of Action: Space Correction (Same as I-Cut)
Decrease the taping area of the skin to be fixed. This
taping method with counteract against the internal 15cm
Space Correction
pressure.
Application area will be decreased.
Apply 10-20% tension at the middle 1/3 of tape.
• Move the joint into its full available range
1
of motion to increase tissue tension under
the tape.
• Tear the paper backing away from the
central portion of the tape, leaving the
backing on the tails.
• Holding the Kinesio Tex by the tails, pull
the middle strips area of the tape with light
to moderate (10-20%) available tension
and apply the middle to the affected area.
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
2 • Apply the ends of the Kinesio Tex with
no tension.
3 • Note convolutions.
Space Correction

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Space Correction (I-Cut Star)
0233-CO-SP
Clinical Application - Lumbar Pain
55 y/o construction worker.
Injured low back by carrying bricks up ladder.
Problem List: Old lumbar disc injury with new pain and
edema from possible nerve root impingement. Limited
motion in all directions due to pain.
Stage of Rehabilitation: Acute
Assessment: MDT Tissue Decompression in multiple
directions relieves pain and allows greater ROM.
Treatment: Kinesio I-Cut Star - Four Kinesio I-Cuts
Tape Specification
Width: 5cm
Length: I-Cut, 15cm
Four equal pieces needed.
10-35% tension for moderate to high level stimulus with 5cm
local tissue decompression from multiple directions.
15cm
2
Space Correction
• Measure and cut four Kinesio I-Cuts. • Apply second Kinesio I-Cut with 10-35%
1
• Tear paper in the center. tension in center of tape.
• Stretch target tissue as tolerated. • Apply Ends in stretched position, with no
• Apply 10-35% tension with therapeutic tension.
.zone over target tissue. • Activate adhesive
• Apply Ends in stretched position, with no Reassess
tension.
• Activate adhesive.
Reassess: Change stretch on tissue by
varying posture as tolerated.
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Position: Flexion and rotation to one side.
• Apply third Kinesio I-Cut with 10 -35%
3
tension in center of tape.
• Apply Ends in stretched position, with no
tension and activate adhesive.
Reassess
• Apply fourth Kinesio I-Cut with flexion
and rotation to opposite side with 10-35%
tension in center of tape.
• Apply Ends in stretched position, with no
tension and activate adhesive.
Reassess
4
Reassess: pain report and gentle ROM
Space Correction
Follow Up Treatment Suggestions: Core
exercises
Low grade lumbar AROM.
Exercises for hip flexibility and neutral pelvic
positioning.
Manual Therapy to LumboSacral Fascia.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Review of Chapter 9
Space Corrections
What causes the “lifting” in a space correction taping? What is a donut hole cut?
What are the three standard Space Correction tape cuts? What is the most important thing to remember about the
I-Cut Star application?
NOTES
Space Correction
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
MECHANICAL
CORRECTION
Chapter 10 Mechanical Correction
Mechanical Correction (I-Cut)

0221-CO-ME
Y-Cut
• 50-75% tension.
• Low level of stimulus.
• Two sites compressed and gently
stabilized.
I-Cut with Tails

• 50-75% tension.
• Moderate level of stimulus.
• One site compressed and gently
stabilized.
Mechanical Correction
I-Cut
• 50-75% tension.
• High level of stimulus.
• One site compressed and gently
stabilized.
Purpose: By applying the “recoil” effect from both ends Function and Effects
to the center of the tape, normalize the femoral skin/ Function: Apply tension to the middle third of the I-Cut.
fascia, which is stretched and flattened or has lost Light to moderate to strong (50-75%) tension.
elasticity. As a result, weakened femoral muscles will be Effects: Technique uses the application of tension in
improved. the middle of I-Cut and downward pressure to create a
Examination and Target: To restrict the movement “blocking” effect, therefore the amount of tension and
of the area or to fix the protrusion such as a bone downward pressure determines the degree of “blocking”
displacement/hernia. in the affected area. With the tape tension in the middle
To reposition the skin/fascia/bone by manually applying or body of the I-Cut, the stimulus to the skin is the most
pressure for stimulation. aggressive of the mechanical corrections. The primary
Verify pain reduction by conducting the pressure effect of tension in the middle or body of the tape is to
stimulation test. limit or reduce movement of the skin and underlying
Verify the target using the muscle test. layers of tissue.
Subject: Applicable area (disorders/dysfunctional)
The area where an excrescence or abnormal growth
needs to be compressed.
Hernia, subluxation, pulled muscle, anterior shoulder 5cm
dislocation, etc.
Mode of Action: Restrict/fix the tissue movement by
applying the “recoiling” effect to the center of the tape. 15cm
Apply 50-75% tension at the center of the tape.
Bones, ligaments, etc.
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 3
Position: Supine with knee in 20-30º flexion Reassess: Knee flexion range and pain
(relaxed or open packed position). report.
• Tear paper in center. Follow Up Treatment Suggestions:
• Apply 50-75% tension to region where Therapeutic exercises for Gluteus Medius
MDT-Tissue Compression reduced and VMO strengthening, teach foam roller
symptoms. techniques for home program.
• Request active or offer active assisted
2
knee flexion, maintaining pressure on
target tissue to offer correction through
available range.
• Maintain downward/inward pressure and
apply Ends with no tension at comfortable
end range.
• Rub to activate adhesive while in stretched
position.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Mechanical Correction (Y-Cut Type 1)
0219-CO-ME
Purpose: (ex. Femoral) By applying the “recoil” effect Mechanical Correction
from the tail toward the base of the stretched tape, Function and Effects
reposition the target fascia/muscle in abnormal position. Function - Apply tension to the middle third of the Y-Cut.
As a result, the abnormal position (displacement) of Moderate to strong (50-75%) tension.
the target tissue caused by force from muscles will be Effects - Utilizes the “recoil” effect of the elastic qualities
improved. of the tape to position the tissues toward the direction of
Tension/Depth: Find the skin/fascia where it is the base of the tape. With tension in the tails the degree
stretched and flat. of stimulus is very gentle. It could be thought of as a
Manually examine the range of motion/elasticity/ gentle push. The primary effect of tension on the tails is
thickness of the skin/fascia. to gently pull the skin in the direction of the base.
Manually, reposition the skin/fascia in the proper
location. 10cm
Subject: Applicable area (disorders/dysfunctional area)
The area where the skin/fascia needs to be repositioned.
Joints that are displaced by the force from muscles. 5cm
Mode of Action: Pull the tissue from the end of the tape
toward the base.
Tension/Depth: Apply 50-75% tension at the tails of the
tape. 15cm
The space between the skin and the deep fascia.
1 2
• Place one hand on anchor to limit tension
Position: Supine with knee 20-30º flexion.
transfer.
• Anchor in relaxed or open packed position,
• Apply 50-75% tension with manual
behind or below target tissue with no
downward/inward pressure to therapeutic
tension.
zone to offer correction in location where
MDT-Tissue Compression improved
symptoms.
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
3 4
• Request active or offer active assisted Reassess: Knee flexion range, strength and
knee flexion maintaining compression to pain.
offer correction through available range. Follow Up Treatment Suggestions:
• Maintain compression as you splay tails Resisted strengthening exercises for
and apply with no tension. Gluteus Medius and VMO, Mechanical
• Rub to activate adhesive while in flexed Correction for transverse arch of foot, deep
position. fascia release at lateral knee.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Mechanical Correction (Y-Cut Type 2)
0220-CO-ME
Purpose: The restoring force of the tape stretched from Function and Effects
both the tail and base to return to the center is used to Function - Apply tension to the middle third of the Y-Cut.
correct the stretched, flattened, or inelastic knee skin Light to moderate to strong (50-75%) tension.
and fascia. As a result, it aims to improve the muscle Effects - Utilizes the base of the Y-Cut to apply tension
weakness of the thigh caused by the skin and fascia. to the skin. The amount of stretch applied to the tape
Examination: Find the skin/fascia where it is stretched and amount of downward pressure determines the
and flat. Manually examine the range of motion/ depth and overall movement of skin. With the tension
elasticity/thickness of the skin/fascia. Manually in the base of the tape, the stimulus to the skin is more
reposition the skin/fascia in the proper position. Verify aggressive. The primary effect of tension on the base is
the target by the muscle test. to hold the skin more aggressively in the location of the
Subject: Applicable area (disorders/dysfunctional area). base.
The area where the skin/fascia needs to be brought 10cm
together.
The area where the fascia needs to be kept in proper
direction. 5cm
Mode of Action: The tape will lift the area affected.
Tension/Depth: Apply 50-75% tension at the base and
the tails. From skin to the deep fascia.
15cm
1 2
• Place hand on anchor to limit tension

Position: Supine with knee 20-30º flexion
transfer.
(relaxed - open packed position).
• With first tail apply 50-75% tension with
• Anchor with no tension, below or behind
downward/inward pressure to therapeutic
the target tissues.
zone to offer correction in location where
MDT-Tissue Compression improved
symptoms.
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
3 5
• Request active or offer active assisted • Maintain pressure and request knee
knee flexion maintaining pressure on flexion.
target tissue to guide correction through • Apply end at end range/stretched position,
available range. with no tension.
• Apply End at end range, maintaining • Activate adhesive maintaining pressure
pressure position, with no tension. until end is adhered.
• Activate adhesive in stretched position.
• Return knee to relaxed position.
6
Reassess: Strength, endurance for running,
and pain report.
Follow Up Treatment Suggestions: Establish
maintenance exercise program, and prepare
4
for discharge.
• Hold anchor to limit tension transfer.
• With second tail apply 50-75% tension
with downward / inward pressure to
therapeutic zone in location where MDT-
Tissue Compression improved symptoms.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Review of Chapter 10
What is the “recoil effect”?
What kind of tension is best for a Mechanical
Correction?
NOTES
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
FUNCTIONAL
CORRECTION
Chapter 11 Functional Corrections
Functional Correction (Ankle)
0228-CO-FU
Clinical Taping Application “Foot Drop” Screening and Assessment Process
Purpose: While the ankle of the involved leg is bent, Possible Issue or Condition Focus: Limited active ankle
place tape with tension at the center. By applying the dorsiflexion. Client drags toe on swing through phase
“recoiling” effect toward the center of the tape, maintain of gait. Underactive Muscle Correction is not sufficient
the bending curve at the ankle. As a result, restrict the to assist functional dorsiflexion. Identify tissues for
excessive movement, maintain normal condition, and treatment using Kinesio Assessment.
reposition the joint. Kinesio Taping Correction Examples:
Find the joint with motor paralysis (weak part of joint). • Functional Correction to Dorsiflexion Range
Find the joint with excessive articulate movement. • Functional Correction
Subject: Joints • Function and Effects
Joints with drop-hand or drop-foot. Function: Apply tension in the middle 1/3 of I-Cut.
Joints with excessive articulate movement. Moderate to severe (50-75%) available tension.
Mode of Action: Support/restrict the joint movement Effects: Technique will assist or restrict a motion,
and reposition of the joint. and changes the perception of joint position through
Apply 50-75% tension at the center of the tape. increased tension in the skin. The body will adjust joint
Ligament, bone, etc. position to normalize the increased tension on the skin
The focus of a functional correction is to assist or in an attempt to return to normal tension levels.
restrict motion in an attempt to normalize or support the Tape Specification: I-Cut Tape
movement. Width: 5 cm, length: 25 cm
Functional Correction
“Spring-Assist or Limit”
Provides sensory stimulation to either assist or limit a
motion by increasing stimulation to joint receptors and
mechanoreceptors. Prevention of tissue overstretch,
joint hyper-mobility and re-injury. 5cm
• 50 - 75+% tension
• Tension is applied through movement
• Kinesio Tex Classic or Performance+ is 25cm
recommended.
• Use application to assist normal motion or limits
pathologic motion, or when Underactive Muscle
Correction is insufficient.
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 3
MDT-Tissue Compression reveals gentle • Hold Anchor to limit tension transfer.
glide of tissue with compression toward the • Apply 50+% tension to end proximally at
ankle decreases foot drop and improves heel Tibial Crest.
strike. • Create “Tent” or “Bridge”.
Position: Dorsiflexion • Apply End in shortened position with no
“Target” may be Tibialis Anterior or the tension.
motion of Dorsiflexion
2 • Anchor in neutral position, distally with no

tension.
4 • Hold Anchor and End firmly in place.
• Request active or assist ankle plantar
flexion.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
5 6
Reassess: Strength and gait. Functional
• Slide hands to center to smooth and movement pattern and limitation of
adhere tape. pathologic motion.
• Activate adhesive. Follow Up Treatment Suggestions:
Functional Electric Stimulus for Anterior
Tibialis strengthening, Neuromuscular
Reeducation Gait training.
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
What is “Spring Assist” or “Limited”?
What is “Dorsiflexion” and why is it important?
NOTES

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
NOTES
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
SNOWFLAKE
Chapter 12 Snowflake Taping
What is Snowflake Taping? Assessment: Swelling in the joint or deformation is less in
The Kinesio Snowflake Taping Application is most effective that area where the tendon is rubbed and the interstitial fluid.
around the joint, as well as to improve the function of Subject: Applicable area. Fascia, muscles, tendons,
muscle fascia. This taping method addresses Fascia, ligaments (mainly problematic joints). Use it when you do
muscle, tendon, ligament (mainly a problem joint). not want to disturb the vertical and horizontal movement of
Use it when you do not want to disturb the vertical and the skin.
horizontal movement of the skin. This application is effective Mode of Action: Optimal control of interstitial fluids allows
for the repair of fascia in the surrounding joint tissues. It us to work with very soft stimulus to the joint, to increase
can act to release pressure and to apply deeper stimulation the area effective of treatment and to connect with the
to the deep fascia layers and to the surface of the joint or subcutaneous fascia.
muscle.
Tension: Paper-off to 20%
Optimal control of interstitial fluids allows us to provide
soft stimulus to the joint, to increase the affected area of This taping method addresses fascia, muscle, tendon,
treatment and to connect with the subcutaneous fascia. ligament (mainly a problem joint).
Snowflake (Lateral of Elbow)

3001-SF-EL
1
Snowflake Taping Application • Apply the base of the tape to the center of
Snowflake for Lateral of Elbow the triceps with patient’s arm by their side.
Tape Specification: Width 5cm Length 30-40cm The anchor is applied with no tension.
How to Cut: • Bend elbow and apply the tape with
1. Cut the tape in an I-cut. 20% tension down to the small bony
2. Fold Tape in half and cut two small parallel and prominence above the elbow called the
evenly spaced slits. lateral epicondyle.
3. Measure 1.5cm (½ inch) from the end of the slit,
then fold tape again and cut another 2 slits.
4. Continue this process on both sides ensuring that
Snowflake
you leave 2.5cm (1 inch) tape uncut on the ends.

5. Round each end.
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
2 4
• Continue carefully spreading the side
• Rotate arm internally while applying tape pieces throughout the application with
to the forearm with 20% tension. minimal tension. The application should
cross around the joint area.
3 • Carefully spread the side pieces

throughout the application with minimal
tension.
Snowflake

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
NOTES
Snowflake
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
LYMPHATICS
Chapter 13 Lymphatics
Introduction By Professor Neil Piller enlargement. Just as important, but often unacknowledged,
By improving our understanding of the lymphatic system, we is that the swollen limb on the patient can affect their ability
are able to better see how strategies such as Kinesio Taping to undertake activities of daily living and affect their quality
can work towards improving its function, especially when it is of life. Ultimately, the lymph vessels from most of the body
not working optimally. The key points relate to the following: (both legs, the left arm, abdominal left chest and left face
The majority, but not all, of the lymphatic system, that we are and neck) join to form the thoracic duct which drains, via the
attempting to improve the function of, is superficial. It has left lymphatic duct, into veins near the heart. Lymph from the
delicate structures that consist of a multiplicity of pathways, right arm, right side of the face and neck, as well as some of
that are available for lymph flow, but not all are open at the organs on the right side of the chest, drain into the right
any given time. The lymphatic system is generally a low- lymphatic duct, and then into the blood.
pressure operating system. Inappropriate external pressure The tonsils, spleen and thymus are also part of the
or pressure gradients, scar tissue, or a range of chronic lymphatic system48. The fluid percolating around the spaces
superficial tissue changes can easily close it down. This between body cells carry nutrients and oxygen, which all
ultimately, may result in an inflammatory outcome. cells need to survive. Most of this fluid returns into the blood
The Lymphatic System44 vessels near to where it leaked out of vessel walls.
The lymphatic system, like the blood vascular system, The lymph vessels must remove the fluid, which cannot be
transports fluid around the body. Specifically, it collects and returned to the blood vessels. Excess fluid is carried into the
carries excess fluid (lymph) and other waste material from lymphatic system by the small vessels known as lymphatic
body cells and tissues. It also filters out larger particles capillaries. This movement of fluid is facilitated by variations
such as bacteria and then delivers the fluid back into the in tissue pressure that occur as the body moves and as the
bloodstream. In this way, it plays an important role in muscles contract and relax.
maintaining a homeostatic balance in the fluids, bathes our The fluid is then pushed onto larger vessels (collecting
cells, and helps in protecting the body from diseases. We lymphatics). Collecting lymphatics pulsate rhythmically48.
also must not forget the role of the lymphatic system in The rate is usually at six to ten beats per minute – but
protecting us from invading pathogens in relation to general may vary in response to the amount of fluid waiting to be
and specific defenses of the body, its cells, and tissues. removed. The rate of the beat can increase if there is more
How the Lymphatic System Works fluid to be carried. Actions (such as gentle exercise or tai
Lymphatic vessels are distributed throughout the body. Most chi) and some medications (such as flavonoids) seem to
often, they are in close proximity to our arteries and veins. stimulate the lymph vessels to pump faster. All larger lymph
Lymphatic vessels all drain into lymph nodes sometimes vessels have small valves, which help propel the lymph
called lymph glands. Foreign particles are filtered out, and towards the lymph nodes, and ensure that it flows in one
antibodies and some white blood cells (lymphocytes) are direction only. Respiratory movements may also affect the
produced. There are generally at least 20 lymph nodes in flow of lymph in the upper part of the limbs. Taking deep
the armpit45, with some being very small. Under normal breaths can help lymph fluid move into the larger lymph
Lymphatics
conditions, the lymphatic system pumps approximately 8 vessels in the chest area, by helping to cause a negative
to 12 liters of lymph each day46,47. The flow rate and volume sucking pressure, which helps drainage of the lymph into the
may vary greatly depending on body mass, activity level, blood system.
and the presence of any conditions, which might influence Each lymphatic vessel has an enormous reserve pumping
lymph load. For an arm, the amount of lymph drained in a capacity. The normal load is usually about one-tenth of
day can average 100 milliliters. For the leg, it can be 200 the vessel’s transport capacity, which means that most of
to 300 milliliters. Most of the lymph formed comes from the time these vessels are just ‘idling”. But sometimes the
the abdominal and chest regions. The greatest variable lymph load awaiting removal from the tissues is greater
load comes from the mesenteric lymphatics where the than the vessel’s transport capacity. It is this excess of fluid
lymphatics are responsible for the absorption of longer chain and its content, which is the swelling (lymphoedema)49. It is
fatty acids. important to realize that this accumulated fluid can be in just
If lymph nodes are removed, damaged, or destroyed (during a digit, the upper part of the limb, the lower part of the limb,
surgery, for example), the lymph drainage capacity is the whole limb, or some other part of the body. However,
reduced. This can be a particular problem when nodes in the one of the most important points to remember, is that if the
armpit or the groin are affected. It may reduce the ability of fluids and their contents are not loading into the lymphatic
the lymph to drain from the arms or legs, which leads to their system, then the lymphatic system has nothing to pump.
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
The Main Drainage Pathways relationships. It is the lymphoedema and the co-morbidities
Through the work of Anton Kubic and Michael Földi, we and their signs and symptoms that we are attempting to
know that the lymphatic system consists of a series of improve through targeted treatment approaches.
territories separated by boundaries called watersheds50. Even before lymphoedema is clinically manifested, there
Pictured above is a generalized diagram of the patterns of may be subtle changes to the tissues.
the direction of lymph flow in the superficial territories and
across the watersheds. Some of the possible changes occurring to the tissue,
can be slight changes in the levels of extracellular fluids,
Lymphoedema a buildup of fibrous tissues in areas of high lymph load,
Lymphoedema is the abnormal swelling of the superficial increasing problems with feelings of heaviness, bursting
body tissues caused by a failure of the lymphatic system sensation, and aches and pains in the limb. This phase is
to adequately collect or transport lymph. Initially there is an often called the “latent phase.51” It is possible, if detected in
accumulation of protein-rich fluid but in later stages there this phase and appropriate intervention is provided, the risk
is an increase in fatty and fibrous tissue. Lymphoedema of a patient developing clinically manifest lymphoedema
Lymphatics
is most commonly associated with swelling of the upper may be reduced. It is important, however, to acknowledge
or lower limbs. It can lead to significant complications that some of the changes which a patient might report about
and long-term morbidity. Lymphoedema is classified as a their limb at risk, are not actually changes due to a failure
primary or secondary (acquired) disorder: of the lymphatic system, but because of the surgery or
• Primary lymphoedema is a congenital abnormality of radiotherapy treatment for the cancer. Symptoms such as
the lymphatic system; and problems with range of motion, pins, needles, and tingling
• Secondary lymphoedema is a result of obstruction or sensations, tension due to tethering, and loss of muscle
interruption of the lymphatic system. strength are related to the prior surgery/radiotherapy. While
It is most commonly due to surgical, or radiation treatment these symptoms are not signs of lymphoedema, they may
of lymph nodes associated with cancer management but increase the risk of it developing.
can occur subsequent to post-operative/radiation infection Lymphoedema becomes clinically manifested when the
or a range of other issues which may affect the transport size and circumference of the affected limb, compared
capacity of the lymphatic system. to the normal one, is observably increased. Generally,
Lymphoedema may affect work, home, and personal when observable there is often about an extra 200-ml of
care functions. It can also cause problems with sport fluids, other structures, and substances in the limb. The
and recreational activities, as well as sexual and social circumference of the affected limb compared to the normal
one can be two centimeters or more in difference52.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
• Do not tape a patient with known allergies to tape or
medical adhesive bandages.
Precautions:
• Be careful treating patients with diabetes with Kinesio
Tex Tape. The skin may be too fragile, especially in the
lower extremities. Also be careful if the patient has lack
or diminished sense of sensation in the extremities.
• Be careful when Kinesio Taping a patient with kidney
disease. Kinesio Taping can move fluid toward the trunk.
The kidneys may not be able to handle the increase of
fluid load. With these patients, fluid should be moved
slower to give the kidneys more time to process the
excessive fluid. Consult the doctor prior to treatment.
• Patients with congested heart failure can also have
difficulties controlling excessive fluid moved to the trunk.
Kinesio Tex Tape can be used if the doctor states that
The appearance of lymphoedema. It’s the superficial
the patient is medically stable enough to handle the fluid
compartment which is mainly affected.
movement.
Precautions and Contraindications for • Movement of fluid to the trunk may put patients with
Lymphatic and Chronic Swelling Taping asthma and other respiratory problems at risk. Check
Contraindications: with the doctor to see if the patient is medically stable
• Do not apply Kinesio Tex Tape on fragile or healing enough prior to treatment. Never treat during an acute
tissue due to the risk of tearing the skin when removing asthma episode.
the tape. However, if the skin is healthy enough proximal • Make sure the patient’s blood pressure is medically
to the area, Kinesio Tex Tape can be applied proximal to stable enough to handle treatment. If any concerns,
the fragile or healing tissue to help reduce swelling and consult the physician.
pain. • There are precautions with patients with primary
• Do not tape directly overactive malignant areas due lymphoedema. Make sure that when treating the patient
to the risk of spreading the cancer to another area. that the midline is not crossed if the other side is
However, you can treat a different part of the body with congested.
Kinesio Tex Tape. For example, if the area with active • Be careful treating patients with difficulty with swelling
cancer is a leg, then you can treat the arm with Kinesio of the internal organs (such as the liver, abdominal
Tex Tape. In cases when the cancer is well controlled, cavity, or genitals). The treatment may need to be
the doctor may request that you treat the patient for performed slower, allowing the internal organs to adjust
symptom control (swelling and/or pain). When treating to the movement of fluid. Always avoid movement of the
a patient with active cancer, you want to check with the swelling to the genitals.
doctor when the white blood cells count is high enough • Do not tape on top of open wounds. However, do
to treat the patient. If the white blood count is too low, consider taping proximal to the wound or around to
the patient will be at risk for infections. When treating assist in decreasing pain and swelling, ultimately aiding
a patient with active cancer, the patient and the doctor or accelerating the healing process.
Lymphatics
need to be well informed of the risks of treatment. In • There are certain parts of the body where the skin is
some cases of terminal cancer, the doctor will request more sensitive than others (for example, the stomach
that the patient is kept comfortable by whatever and face). Be careful when removing tape from these
methods that are helpful. When treating a patient with areas. Also, there are places on the body that produce
terminal cancer, the patient and the doctor need to be more heat than other areas (for example, where a
well informed of the risks of treatment. person sits). The tape adhesive is heat sensitive. It can
• Do not tape on an area with cellulitis or infection. cause the tape to stick too well. Therefore, the patient
However, after a patient has taken a series of antibiotics, is at risk of skin tear in that area. Be very careful when
they may still have an area that is red, indurated, and removing tape off skin.
swollen but may or may not still have active infection. • For pregnant clients, be cautious of the upper trapezius
After a patient has completed one or two series of and medial aspect of the lower leg, as they are
antibiotics, try the Kinesio Taping Method on the area acupuncture points that may induce labor.
just proximal to the affected area. If the swelling and
pain decreases, continue to treat the patient; if the
area stays the same or gets worse stop treatment and
consult the physician.
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Circulatory / Lymphatic System
Things to Consider Prior to Kinesio Taping for the

Lymphatics
1. Does the patient have primary lymphoedema or
lymphoedema in both sides of the body? If so, then
one does not want to cross mid-line of the body with
treatment or Kinesio Taping.
2. Does the patient have sensitivities to tapes in general?
Even though the Kinesio Tex Tape is made with
acrylic glue it is helpful to do a test strip on all the
lymphoedema clients at least a day prior to the first
application.
3. Due to patients lying down or sitting often, secondary
to difficulties with moving, it is these areas of the body
on which the patient maintains frequent pressure and
produce more heat, which can be vulnerable to taping.
Tape can adhere too well in these areas. Therefore,
when it comes time for removal of the tape, skin can get
Lymphatics
torn or ripped. It is important to avoid taping in those
areas.
4. Does the patient have a tendency to fill their internal
organs? It is important to observe the tolerance of
lymphatic treatment massage, lymphatic compressive
bandaging, and Kinesio Taping for lymphatics. If they are
not voiding the fluid adequately, then you need to take
the treatments slower and allow the internal organs time Patients with lymphoedema or chronic swelling seem to
to adjust. Observation of tolerance includes but is not have more of the risk factors. It is highly recommended
limited to: that the patient be asked if they have any sensitivities
a. Patient subjective information of tolerance. or allergies to tape adhesives. Also, it is recommended
b. Patient reporting that they are going to the that a two-inch test piece with no tension be applied
bathroom more often. to the desired treating area to see if the patient can
c. Patient’s report of the color of their urine. tolerate it for 24 hours. Patient is instructed to remove
5. What types of medication are the patients on? (Some the tape if they do not tolerate the tape or have an
medications can cause the patient to experience a gain unusual discomfort or sensation to the tape.
in weight or retain fluid.)

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Lymphatic System
Collector Lymphatics:
• Structures that lie deep in the dermis. Contain valves
to prevent back flow. Space between valves is called
lymphangion.
• Smooth muscle and thin strands of collagen fibers
respond to the stretch reflex. Muscle tissue on walls
contracts to pump fluid.
• Tape on skin at super-light tensions (0-10%) may assist
the stretch reflex to pump fluid
• Tape on skin up to 20% may be more effective for
mobilizing deeper lymphatics.
Lymphatic Correction
Purpose: Cut slits or tails on the tape. By applying the light
“recoiling” effect toward the base, secure small space in
the subcutaneous to hasten the lymphatic flow. As a result,
swelling and edema in the calf will be improved. Find the
area with swelling and/or puffiness.
Subject: Applicable area. Edema, internal bleeding (acute/
chronic), lymphatic vessel, lymph node, lymphatic flow.
Mode of Action: Assist lymphatic flow (alternative to the
manual lymphatic return assistance). Apply 10-15% tension
at the base of the tape. Skin, subcutaneous, superficial
fascia.
Kinesio Tape
Lymphatic Cuts (Posterior Lower Leg)
Correction
0229-CO-LY
Kinesio Tape Cuts
“Channeling”
Directional pull of the tape allows the exudate to travel
35cm
to less congested areas, through superficial lymphatic

pathways.
Choose this correction when MDT - Tissue. Decompression 5cm
and Tissue Proximal Glides decrease resting fluid
congestion to augment traditional management of swelling
- for example, decongestive massage. May be paired with
Lymphatics
exercise and compressive dressing.

Measure and cut two Kinesio Fan-Cuts each with 4-6 tails
Y strip
0-20% tension for general edema/congestion.
0-10% tension for Hematoma. X strip 5cm
Fan Cut®
Anchor is typically applied proximally, near healthy patent
lymph node.
Fan tails crisscross over congested area. 40cm
Y strip X strip Fan Cut®

Basket Weave
0 1 2 cm 3 4 Snowflake
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Jellyfish
12 13 14 15
• Anchor in neutral position, with no tension • Anchor second fan in neutral position, with
1 2
at region of healthy lymph node, proximal no tension at region of healthy lymph node,
to swelling (less congested area). proximal to swelling (less congested area).
• Apply 0-20% tension in tails over • Apply 0-20% tension in neutral to gentle
edematous areas. stretched position in tails over edematous
• End each tail on gently stretched tissue, areas. Second Fan-Cut cross first Fan-Cut.
with no tension. • Apply End of each tail in gently stretched
• Activate adhesive rubbing toward the position, with no tension.
anchor if possible. • Activate adhesive rubbing toward the
anchor if possible.
Lymphatics

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
3
Reassess: Pain report, range of motion and
skin temperature.
Follow up Treatment: Elevate limb when
resting, gentle ankle exercises as tolerated.
Lymphatics
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Lymphatics
What the best way to improve the function of the Name four precautions for lymphatic taping.
lymphatic system? What is “Channeling”?
How does the lymphatic system work? What kind of tension do you normally put on the tails in
What are the main drainage pathways? a lymphatic taping?
What is lymphoedema?
NOTES
Lymphatics

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NOTES
Lymphatics
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
EDF
®
Chapter 14 EDF®
Future Generation of Treatment
EDF Taping is the future generation of treatment that can
stimulate cytokines and stem cell in cellular level through the
epidermis with Kinesio Medical Taping methods.
Possibilities of future generation using EDF for epidermis
stimulation.
• Phantom pain
• Application and application to nervous system
• Diabetic neuropathy
• CRPS (complex regional pain syndrome)
• Swelling and pain after surgery
• Cerebral Palsy
• Post Stroke
What is EDF?
EDF is an application that applies Kinesio tape to the micro
layers at the surface of the epidermis. Dr. Kenzo Kase
designed EDF taping because he wanted to stimulate the
epidermis. This EDF Taping concept is designed for the skin
system which works as a protection mechanism for the body.
The reaction of the epidermis to EDF taping is like an

electrical current or impulse in the epidermis layer.
The new concept of KMT is the Kinesio technique that is
focused on stimulation to skin layers at a very micro level.
• EDF is a taping method for Epidermis, Dermis and
Fascia (Super fascia / Subcutaneous) and skin tissue
layers.
• EDF taping applications are cut thinly so they are lighter
and can stimulate the surface of the skin.
• These taping applications have slits to elevate space
EDF®
and stimulating more lift in the epidermis layers.

• The slits allow the tape application to spread out and
cover a wider area on the superficial surface of the skin
to create space.
• In addition to this by spreading out the application,
overlapping in layers, and placing them in different
directions the EDF application can lift and elevate the
space between the tissue layers in the Epidermis.
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
What Kind of Conditions are EDF Applications
Good for?
• Pain in patients with acute injury
• Swelling and pain of fractures and sprains
• Patient with swelling
• Chronic pain
• Person with numbness
• Postsurgical healing and pain relief
• Complex regional pain syndrome
• Phantom pain and Rheumatic pain
• Fibromyalgia
• Promotion of healing skin after the initial wound.
It is difficult to use EDF when target areas are deep.
EDF applications are designed to affect epidermis, dermis,
and subcutaneous tissue. Stimulation of deep layers and
strong stimulation that restricts movement of joints and
ligaments cannot be performed. Three to four layers in an
EDF application are optimal. It is also important to place
Pictured here is an EDF taping which was applied to help a layers in multiple directions. But the layers need to be
muscle heal, correct a joint, and relieve pain; it also had the balanced and if you make the application wider you can use
effect of reducing both swelling and bruising. more layers.
EDF taping has been developed for medical care, and

for difficult symptoms that may be encountered by a
practitioner such as:
• Acute injury and with syndrome (CRPS)
swelling • Phantom pain from the
• Post-surgical healing amputations
• Pain relief in chronic • Rheumatic pain and
conditions fibromyalgia
• Complex regional pain • Decubitus ulcer
Kinesio Taping Method EDF
EDF: Epidermis, Dermis and Fascia Taping Kinesio Medical Taping EDF Application
Epidermis tensions: Ultra-light (0-5%) EDF is used for these conditions: “numb feeling”, “internal
Dermis tensions: Super light (5-10%) swelling”, “edema”, and “ sharp pain” when conventional tape
Fascia tensions: Paper-off (10-15%) applications are not achieving the desired result.
Kinesio Tex Gold FP tape was designed specifically for EDF Origin of name ... Initial letter of the basic protective tissue
taping applications. The lighter weight is more comfortable layers
on painful areas while still creating a perception of tension. E - Epidermis
Narrow tape strips provide more stimuli to the most D - Dermis
superficial tissues. F - Fascia
Target layers of the skin
Kinesio Taping Method
1st layer: Fascia/Subcutaneous
EDF Taping Rationale
EDF®
2nd layer: Dermis
E = Kinesio Epidermis Taping 3rd layer: Epidermis
• Stimulate most superficial tissue of body and provide When applied three pieces each one creates more lift.
sensory input. Apply the second piece, the third piece for the purpose of lift
• Stimulating surface may promote cell reproduction via the first piece tape.
the stem cells.
• Epidermis applications can open up capillary supply to
skin tissue and possibly speed healing.
• Used for very sensitive skin and neurological conditions
including chronic pain or complex regional pain
syndrome.
• Pain in this region is usually described as sharp or
electric with light touch.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
What Tape works best?
Bedsore / Fresh Trauma

• Immediately after surgery
Tissue Healing
Nervous System / Epidermis
EDF taping cuts are cut thinly to give only skin (EDF) more What is EDF Taping?
stimulation on the surface of the skin. EDF taping is cut with special tape (Kinesio Tex Gold FP-
Kinesio Tex Gold FP allows continuous stimulation for up to Web Cut, Jellyfish and I-Cut), which enables stimulation
10 days. When the adhesive structure of the tape is applied to the skin instead of muscle. The stimulation to the skin
with a micro grip of the special adhesive, the fingerprint approach utilizes coincide with Kinesio Medical Taping.
lifts tissue, elevating space between the fascia layers. The EDF taping places more emphasis on a wide range of
Tape is lighter weight and the application is cut thinly which difficult medical conditions. Some of these include acute
allows an EDF application to be utilized for postoperative pain and swelling, and pain management in patients with
management. Due to this fact, EDF taping is often used in postoperative healing. Pain relief in chronic conditions such
the medical world. as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), amputation
phantom limb pain, rheumatic pain, and fibromyalgia. This
Kinesio Tex Gold FP taping also promotes skin healing.
Developed exclusively for Kinesio Medical Professionals.
Dr. Kenzo Kase and Kinesio bring you Kinesio Tex Gold FP. Applicable Area:
Backed by research and development since the early 1970’s, • Epidermis/ Dermis/ Fascia (Subcutaneous)
Kinesio continues to make advancements in technology • Acute injury with swelling
that continues the ReEvolution and fulfill the original vision; • Post-surgical healing
Taping the World for Health. The famous wave pattern • Pain relief in chronic conditions
provides enhanced and patented Fingerprint (FP) technology • Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
and a patented Nano Touch stimulation to the epidermis and • Phantom pain from amputations
superficial layers of the skin. Kinesio Tex Gold FP mimics • Rheumatic pain and fibromyalgia
a gentle human touch while providing a Micro-Grip deep • Decubitus Ulcer
set adhesive, applied during the manufacturing process, Mode of Action
resulting in improved grip and hold with less adhesive • Correct the function of the skin - Epidermis/ dermis/
EDF®
surface area. fascia (subcutaneous tissue)

• Highest Grade Cotton with Improved Breathability • Promotes circulation of capillaries, micro lymph, and
• Hypoallergenic and Latex Free interstitial fluid
• Water Resistant • Reduce sharp pain
• Targets the Epidermis, Dermis and Fascia • Promoting restoration of open wounds
• Protected Weave Process Provides Improved Comfort Target Layers for EDF Web Cut:
• Patented Technology 1st Layer (5-10%)- Fascia (subcutaneous)
• For Optimal Results Apply Between 0 – 25% Tension Direction- Proximal to distal
• Recommended for EDF Taping Applications for Pain 2nd Layer (5-10%)- Dermis
Management and Edema Direction- Proximal to distal
• Made is the USA 3rd Layer (0-5%)- Epidermis
Direction- Distal to proximal
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Skin Layers Affected By Layered KMT Applications
5-10% Tension 5-10% Tension 0-5% Tension
EDF Taping is an Evolution

Fracture
Trauma Treatment
Acute Pain Control
Neurological Applications
Applications and Application After Surgery
The EDF taping is possible by various advancements
Organizations that could not be seen until now due to

advances in scientific technology.
A theory that changes from image to belief by state-of-the-art
medicine.
EDF®
Taping manufacturing technology that meets the high
demands of therapists.
Advances in machines and other medical care that Efforts of engineers in response to
can be seen in microstructures. the needs of therapists.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Application Instructions: EDF Web Cut
By affecting the top layers of the Epidermis, Dermis, and tension (less than paper-off tension) to treat nerve pain,
Fascia, we can correct major problems such as swelling, improve local circulation, and treat repetitive motion injuries.
edema, pain, and medical conditions. EDF utilizes low level
1. Position the ends of the Web Cut gently at either

end of target tissue. Do not yet rub into place.
2. Gently grasp center of outer tail with fingertips or
tweezers. Try to avoid excessively touching the
adhesive.
3. Spread both outside tails sideways
simultaneously as far as possible from center of
application without creating too much tension.
4. Repeat with succeeding tails, working from the
outside in, creating a similar width of space in the
slit between tails, until reaching the center.
5. The center slit should end up about the same
width as the others.
6. Rub surface of tape gently to activate the
adhesive.
EDF Theory and Kinesio Patented Layered EDF Applications

Skin Layers Affected By Layered KMT Applications - EDF (E)-Epidermis
Design: 3 Web Cuts - Width 1 Inch / 4 or 5 Slits
Tension: 5-10% (1st and 2nd web cuts), 0-5% (3rd web cut)
Purpose: Alleviation of pain inflammation
How to apply
First and second strips: Proximal to distal
Third strip: Distal to proximal
Adjust the length to the size of the area to tape.
12345 12345 12345

EDF®
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Skin Layers Affected By Layered KMT Applications - EDF (D)-Dermis
Design: Width 1 Inch / 4 or 5 Slits Tension: 5-10%
Purpose: Alleviation of swelling and heat; how to promote
fluid and lymph circulation
How to apply: Proximal to distal
12345 12345
Adjust the length to the size of the place to tape
Kinesio Taping - EDF Taping Rationale

D = Kinesio Dermis Taping
• Optimizes capillary flow of Papillary regions.
• Unwinds fibers after injury in Reticular regions.
• Optimizes hydration to compressed/injured tissues.
• Used for compressive, shearing, and repetitive motion
injuries.
Dermal Fluid Flow - Blood • Pain is usually dull or only with deep touch.
• Papillary Plexus – Capillary network from small arteries • Use Kinesio Tex Gold FP because it is lighter weight, and
in papillary regions. the adhesive is deep set to capture superficial tissues
• Cutaneous Plexus – A network of arteries along reticular gently.
regions.
• Venous Plexus – Capillary return deep to papillary Exploring the Skin with Ultrasound
plexus. Normal Skin
• Allows oxygen and nutrients to diffuse into epidermis Dermis: shallow layer and high echo area.
and deeper tissues. Subcutaneous tissue: A part of the hypoechoic dermis
under the dermis that contains linear hyperechoic inside.
Fascia: relatively thick linear hyperechoic.
Since the layer thickness varies depending on the part, it is
important to compare left and right.
Images by [US Lab Series 4)
Skin echo: It doesn’t matter if you get an inspection request.
EDF®
Have confidence in image interpretation.
Printed by MEDICUS SHUPPAN, Publisher Co.Led.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Focus on the Fascia Skin Layers Affected by Layered KMT
(Subcutaneous / Superficial Fascia) Applications - EDF (F)-Fascia
• The fascia is formed from mesenchymal connective Design: Width 1 inch / 4 or 5 slits
tissue arising from the mesoderm. Tension: 5-10%
• The fascia surrounding the core tissue protects it from Purpose: Reduction of edema and heat sensation;
direct friction by surrounding each tissue. Promote circulation of interstitial fluid
• Consists of two fibers of the collagen maintaining How to apply: Proximal to distal (1st sheet) (Direction
elastin and a shape full of elasticity and bounce back- extending from the base)
ability * Adjust the length to the size of the place to tape.
• There is a cell stroma around the fiber, which is filled
with interstitial fluid.
• When circulation of the interstitial fluid worsens, and the
fluidity of the matrix decreases, it contributes to the drop
of the fascial gliding fluid into gel form.
12345
2.5cm
Collagen Fiber
Elastin Fiber
Matrix
EDF®
Cell
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Side of Neck (Subcutaneous/Superficial fascia)
2018-EDF-F
How to apply EDF Web Cut Taping
• Number of tape (webs or other cuts) for pain is three EDF Taping Basics 1
pieces. EDF Taping - Fascia - Subcutaneous tissue (superficial
• We judge by target tissue and symptoms. It is important fascia)
to confirm whether the symptoms have improved with Design: Width 2.5cm / 5-6 slits
the 1st or 2nd piece of tape. Tension: 5-10%
• Similarly, for swelling and edema determine the number Purpose: Reduction of edema and heat sensation,
of web cuts to be applied depending on the target tissue promote circulation of interstitial fluid.
and symptoms. How to apply: Proximal to distal (1st piece) (Direction
• Determine where you want to approach: epidermis, extending from the base).
dermis or fascia. Adjust the length to size depending on target area.
EDF (F) - Fascia/Subcutaneous

2.5cm
20cm
1
• Take a position which stretches the skin
of the target tissue as much as possible.
• Position the ends of the web cut gently
at either end of target tissue. Do not rub
into place.
EDF®
Edema (Subcutaneous / Superficial Fascia layer)

Prevent retention of interstitial fluid by allowing it to drain.
Interstitial fluid drains excess heat and waste products to
keep the tissue normal.
Expedite this process with a focus on the superficial layer
(Subcutaneous) & EDF(F) Application

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
2 4
• Gently grasp center of outer tail with
fingertips or tweezers. Try to avoid
• Rub surface of tape gently to activate
excessively touching the adhesive.
adhesive.
• Spread both outside tails sideways
simultaneously as far as possible from
center of application without creating too
much tension.
3
• Repeat with succeeding tails, working from
the outside in, creating a similar width
of space in the slit between tails, until
reaching the center.
EDF®
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
EDF(D)- Dermis As a result of this swelling, the dermis becomes the layer
Focus on Swelling where inflammation is highly retained. Preparing the
Observe “Swelling” environment of the dermis, which is rich in capillaries, is
• Destruction of organism the key to reducing swelling. The dermis contains tiny early
• Steady circulation due to adhesion of myofascia lymph (micro lymph) vessels that are connected by pre-
Location of swelling collectors to deeper lymph vessels through the panniculus
• Selection of appropriate technology adipos.
• Prevention of tissue deterioration due to heat Lymphatic vessels play an important role in the
• Promotion of tissue regeneration by circulatory recovery microcirculation of the skin. Lymph is drained into the
• Further tissue by capillary regeneration lymph vessels and pre-collectors (a single-celled nostril-
• Promotion of regeneration like structure in the dermis). Lymph fluid is then produced
• Pain relief deeper by the collecting lymphatic vessels.
• Purpose and means
• The purpose is also a means for the next treatment - Focus on the Dermis
Treatment strategy Papillary layer
It is rich to capillary, a sensory receptor, a cell ingredient in a
Treatment Strategy dermis part penetrating between the epidermis projections.
Swelling blocks fluid circulation. Heat (inflammation) The capillary is necessary for temperature-controlling it.
inhibits the regeneration of cells and tissues causing protein
The papillary lower layer
degradation.
The ingredient is the same as papillary layer in a part right
Dermis: 70% of collagen composite purpose is moisture
under the papillary layer.
retention and cushioning.
Fat Layer: Cushioned under the dermis, mixed with Reticular layer
superficial fascia. It occupies most of the dermis, and a fiber ingredient is
Fascia: Filled with interstitial fluid. dense connective tissue.
Features: Provides skin with its elastic properties. Capillaries Composed of a stroma ingredient (extracellular matrix) and
are located between the dermis and epidermis Any a cell ingredient.
compression of the capillaries, especially in the epidermis,
closes the blood supply circuit.
Destruction of Rise in Internal

the organism Swelling Temperature
We use application to
raise moisture level, High
hydration (effective for Temperature
elderly people).
Circulatory Failure Exercise Pain

Restriction
Neural Receptor Kinesio Tex Tape
Epidermis
Epidermis
EDF®
Dermis Dermis
Lymph Fluid Blood Vessels Lymphatics

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Dermis
Nerve Mast Cells Fibroblast Meissner’s Corpuscle Histiocyte

(Tactile Corpuscle)
Plasma Cells
Capillary
Epidermal
Basal
Membrane
Papillary Layer
Epidermis
Papillary Lower
Layer
Lymph Duct
Reticular Layer Dermis

EDF®
Subcutaneous
Pacinian Capsule Collagen Fibers Stromal Component Matrix

0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Dermal Fluid Flow- Blood
• Papillary Plexus – capillary network from small arteries
in papillary regions.
• Cutaneous Plexus – a network of arteries along reticular
regions.
• Venous Plexus – capillary return deep to papillary
plexus.
• Allows oxygen and nutrients to diffuse into epidermis
and deeper tissues.
Kinesio Taping Method- Dermis Web

Target tissue:
• Capillary function, not deeper lymphatic system.
• 5-10% tension with minimal to no stretch.
• Proximal to Distal (recoils proximally).
• Anchor with no tension in neutral position.
• 1 inch wide Kinesio Tex Gold FP tape Web Cut with
EDF®
five slits.

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Low Back (Dermis)
2009-EDF-D
2
EDF Taping Basics 2 • Gently grasp center of outer tail with
EDF Taping: Dermis fingertips or tweezers Try to avoid
Design: Width 2.5cm/ 5-6 slits excessively touching the adhesive.
Tension: 1st and 2nd layers 5-10% Spread both outside tails sideways
Purpose: Alleviation of swelling and heat. How to simultaneously as far as possible from
promote fluid and lymph circulation. center of application without creating too
How to apply: Proximal to distal much tension.
Adjust the length to size depending on target area.
2.5cm
15cm
2.5cm
15cm
1 3
• Take a position which stretches the skin of
the target tissue as much as possible. • Repeat with succeeding tails, working
• Position the ends of the Web Cut strip from the outside in, creating a similar
gently at either end of target tissue. Do not width of space in the slit between tails,
yet rub into place. until reaching the center. Rub surface of
tape gently to activate the adhesive.
EDF®
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
4 • Apply the tape so that the center of the
second tape is the affected area so that it
intersects the first tape.
5 • Apply the same procedure as for the first
piece.
EDF®

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Low Back (Epidermis)
2020-EDF-E
1
EDF Taping Rationale
E = Kinesio Epidermis Taping • An image of creating a hexagon will be
• Stimulate most superficial tissue of body and provide created with the three pieces.
sensory input • Have patient take a position which
• Stimulating surface may promote cell reproduction via stretches the skin of the target tissue as
the stem cells much as possible.
• Epidermis applications can open up capillary supply to • Apply the same procedure used for EDF
skin tissue and possibly speed healing Taping Basics 2 (p.190).
• Used for very sensitive skin and neurological conditions
including chronic pain or complex regional pain syndrome
• Pain in this region is usually described as sharp or
electric with light touch.
EDF Taping Basics 3

EDF Taping: Epidermis
Design: Three pieces - Width 2.5cm/5-6 slits
Tension: 5-10% (1st and 2nd web cuts), 0-5% (3rd web
cut)
Purpose: Alleviation of pain inflammation
How to apply: 1st and 2nd piece - Proximal to distal, 3rd
Piece - Distal to Proximal.
Adjust the length to size depending on target area.
2.5cm
2
20cm
• Apply one end of the third tape between
the first and second pieces at the distal
2.5cm side of the affected area. Gently grasp
center of outer tail with fingertips or
tweezers.
20cm
EDF®
2.5cm
20cm
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
3 4
• Repeat with succeeding tails, working from
• Spread both outside tails sideways
the outside in, creating a similar width
simultaneously as far as possible from
of space in the slit between tails, until
center of application without creating too
reaching the center. Rub surface of tape
much tension.
gently to activate the adhesive.
EDF®

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
How to Cut Epidermis I-Cuts (8 strips) Basics of EDF(E) - I-Cut Taping
Begin by cutting a 2”/5cm width I cut in half lengthwise. Cut Neurological Condition
each resulting I Cut in half two more times to end with eight
I Cuts.
EDF®
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Finger 2 (Epidermis)
2022-EDF-I
2
Basics of EDF(E) - I-Cut Taping
Neurological Condition • Apply 0-5% tension draping tape onto
Tape Specification the fingers, apply end proximally with no
Begin by cutting a 2”/5cm width I-Cut in half lengthwise. tension.
Cut each resulting I-Cut in half two more times to end
with eight I-Cuts.
Each I-Cut should end at musculotendinous junction of
wrist extensors
Size: Width=0.625cm:0.24inch, Length= 15cm:3inch to
25cm:9.8inch
Tension: 0-5 %
Direction: Distal to proximal
Point: Anchor on fingernail with no tension
Position: Tissue in a comfortable lengthened position, in
this case gentle finger and wrist flexion.
12345
2.5cm
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
1
• Anchor on fingernail with no tension.
Position: tissue in a comfortable
lengthened position, in this case gentle
finger and wrist flexion.
EDF®

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
Kinesio Medical Taping Basics of Jellyfish Application
Application Design: Two Donut Hole Crab Leg Cuts each with two or
EDF Jellyfish three slits and two one inch wide I-Cuts.
The new concept of Tension: 5-10%
Kinesio Medical Taping Purpose: Alleviation of swelling (edema)
is the Kinesio Taping • According to the size of swelling, determine the length
technique focused of the perimeter tape.
on stimulation to skin • Have patient take a position which stretches the skin
layers at a very micro of the target tissue as much as possible.
level. Kinesio Medical Design: One inch wide with two or three slits.
Taping EDF Jellyfish Purpose: Alleviation of swelling to promote circulation of
application applies Kinesio fluid and tissue.
tape to the surface of the How to apply: Place in the region where the range of motion
epidermis. The EDF Jellyfish application is wide; large area of swelling.
can cover a larger area and is able to accommodate areas • Adjust the diameter and tension by swelling.
of motion such as elbows and knees. When there is swelling • Adjust the length to the size of the place to tape.
or a feeling of heat on the skin use of this application is
recommended.
EDF taping applications have slits to elevate space and 2.5cm x 2 pieces
stimulate more lift in the epidermis layers. The purpose of
this application is to alleviate swelling, the associated pain
and to promote circulation. Swelling blocks fluid circulation
so by spreading out the application, the EDF Jellyfish 3.5cm 3cm 3.5cm
can lift and elevate the space between the tissue layers
in the Epidermis to promote the movement of fluids. The
application below is being applied to the shoulder. The size
of this application will vary depending on the area and the
size of the joint where there is an abnormality 0.625cm/10cm x 3~4 pieces
1 2 3
PAIN
Align the holes in the Apply crab

area of swelling. foot open.
4 5
EDF®
Align the second Apply 360 circumferential

hole with the first. tape to complete
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Patella of the Knee (Jellyfish)
2021-EDF-J
2
EDF Jellyfish Taping (Patella of Knee) • Apply the tail tape from the outside (both
Tape Specification sides) gently and evenly with 5-10%
Size: Inside, Width 2.5 cm / Length 10 cm × 2 Pieces tension with fingertips or tweezers. Do not
How to cut: Inside, 3cm in the middle of the tape is left 1 touch the adhesive too much. Be careful
cm hole in the center of 3 pieces of 4 pieces of crab legs not to pull the tape too much.
x 2 pieces (diameter of the hole is about 0.8 cm)
2.5cm x 2 pieces
3.5cm 3cm 3.5cm
0.625cm/10cm x 3~4 pieces
1
• Bend the knees in a pain-free range. Apply
the tail with 5-10% tension so that the
center of the hole is in the center of the
skin that has been swollen, so that the tail
is at 12 o’clock and 6 o’clock.
3 • Spread the tails at regular intervals. Rub

gently while pressing down on the tape,
adjust to the skin.
EDF®

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
4 6
• The second piece of tape matches the hole • Apply the I-Cut while palpating the skin to
in the middle of the first piece and apply it. the outer part of the tape you just applied
Apply the tails of the tape from the outside with 1-10% tension. You may need to use
(both sides) gently and evenly with 5-10% an additional I Strip depending on the
tension with fingertips or tweezers. Apply length needed.
in the same way as the first piece.
5 • Spread the tails at regular intervals. Rub

gently while pressing down on the tape,
adjust to the skin.
EDF®
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
EDF ®
Why is EDF considered a “Future Generation of Which EDF layers go proximal to distal?
Treatment”? What conditions does EDF Jellyfish application treat
What is EDF? best?
What kinds of conditions does EDF treat? Make sure you understand the Epidermis and how the
What are the target layers for EDF? various layers function.
Why is EDF placed in layers on the skin? EDF Theory - How does EDF Taping work on the skin
layers – Fascia , Dermis and Epidermis? Why?
NOTES
EDF®

0 Inch 1 2 3 4 5 6
NOTES
EDF®
0 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
SPECIALTY
TAPING
Chapter 15 Specialty Taping Courses
Kinesio Medical Taping for the Mature Adult address limited mobility or the loss of function or movement
This book is for general use; it is intended for older adults in the body. Many elderly people are not able to move as
and their families, and includes helpful applications for freely as they did when they were younger. In such cases
medical staff, caregivers, and their patients. The book and kinds of conditions, Kinesio Taping can help.
is designed to be both enjoyable reading and a valuable The main tape used in this book is Kinesio Tex Gold Light
reference for positive results when trying the taping Touch+. This tape is a safe and comfortable alternative for
applications for yourself. The applications in this book are individuals who have skin sensitivities as it creates less
explained as simply as possible so it will be easy for those stimulation than our other Kinesio Tapes.
who may have never tried Kinesio Tape or the Kinesio Taping
Method to try them. Many patients and family members
may benefit from this book and be able to try Kinesio Taping
to stay active or deal with some of the chronic conditions
which come with aging.
The book addresses the basic
techniques of applying the
Kinesio Taping Method, and
will help those who are
new to Kinesio Taping
as well as reinforce
the knowledge for
those who have used
Kinesio Taping
before. This book
also introduces
specific types of
application for
specific sets of
symptoms. In this
way it will become
clear how to
Easy-to-understand step by step instructions for 30

taping applications which are designed for ages 50 and
over. Conditions covered include: Osteoarthritis, Diabetic
Neuropathy, Back Pain, Knee Pain, and many more.
Mature Adult Taping for Itching Measures
Skin is divided into three layers, which can be described
from the outside in as epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous
tissue but itching can be caused by a drop in moisture in the
stratum corneum, especially of the epidermis53.
The epidermis layer itself consists of four layers: stratum
corneum (stratum), granule layer, spinous layer, basal layer.
The bottom basal layer creates new cells daily, delivers them
to the top and dies in the stratum corneum of the surface in
order of aging. Under normal conditions this regeneration
occurs over a 27-day cycle54.
If abnormality occurs in this cycle, it causes various skin
troubles. If physical or environmental conditions cause
the cycle to accelerate, the person may experience atopic
dermatitis55 or other symptoms of dry skin.
Conversely, slowing in this cycle can make the stratum
corneum thicker and cause discoloration to appear darker or
thicker as the thickened stratum corneum dries it will cause
cracks and even scarring.
If abnormality occurs in the cycle, the water retention
capacity of the epidermis will also decrease. In extreme
kinds of dry skin immunity may also be compromised. In
all these examples, it is thought that skin reacts irritably to
trivial stimulation, causing “itch.”
Itching is troublesome for many reasons! Once it begins to
itch it will be irritable and it will be in a state that cannot be
stopped even if the skin is broken. Far from getting better, it
keeps on going wrong. Even when thinking “do not scratch
that itch” itchiness is particularly hard to endure.
I-Cut Taping
Main Symptom: Dry Skin Itching Measures
Additional Symptom 1: Slow Healing Traces of Insect Bites
(Mosquitoes)
Additional Symptom 2: To Unconsciously Fall
Taping Difficulty Level: Simple
Tape Tension Level: Minimal Tension
Tape Cut: I-Cut
An itchy sensation may arise as the skin dries out. Of course,
it does not mean that moisture of the skin is damaged, but
it is certain that the moisturizing ability of the subcutaneous
tissue is reduced. It can be said that the skin itself becomes
diminished and thin the more it dries out. Because of this,
it becomes sensitive to substances outside the body that
stimulate nerves, causing a feeling of being itchy.
Specialty Taping
With this taping application we aim to support the circulation
of subcutaneous (dermal) bodily fluids and use the tape skin which attracts the movement of moisture. This acts to
to stimulate the skin’s natural moisture. Kinesio Tex Light promote circulation and return the skin to a healthy state.
Touch tape has a cushioning property and air permeability This taping application may also be used for insect bites
technology on the adhesive side of the tape. This makes this such as mosquitoes and so forth. It may be cut smaller, even
tape optimal for skin sensitivity. By sticking the tape to the into two to three centimeter squares, put it on the irritated
sensitive or itchy area, it compensates for the decreased or itchy places, and your itchiness may go away or begin to
barrier function and increases the moisture retention heal especially with the insect bites. There are many causes
function of the epidermis. Furthermore, it creates the of rough skin that this taping may address.
necessary space for the fascia with the effect of lifting the

3
Kinesio Medical Taping
Application for Hand Claw
Nail Protection | Brain Motion Assist • Finish with no tension on the ends.
Main Symptom: Grip Strength Failure
Additional Symptom 1: Detailed Work got Harder
Additional Symptom 2: Fingernails Break
Taping Difficulty Level: Simple
Tape Tension Level: Light Tension
Tape Cut: I-Cut
In addition to protecting the nails, this taping application
helps coordinate the movement of the fingertips with the
brain through the skin. The nail contains sensitive nerve
endings, so we protect the sensitivity of the fingers.
Tape to be prepared
Kinesio Tex Light Touch+ 1cm×5cm I-Cut (3/8-in x 2-in)
10 pieces.
Cut the tape lengthwise to properly utilize the stretch.
1 4
• Tear the backing paper in the center of
the I-Cut and peel back to the ends. You
may use this backing paper to manipulate
the ends of the tape without touching the • Repeat this procedure on the other fingers.
adhesive. Anchor at the tip of the finger
and fingernail with no tension.
2 • Apply tape from the tip of the finger in

5-10% tension on both sides to cover the
point of the fingernail.
Specialty Taping

Sensory Point Taping (SPT) Motor behavior is contingent on information received from
Sensory Point Taping with vibroacoustic therapy (72 Hz many afferent and processing pathways (e.g., peripheral
tuning fork) is a new two-day course based on Kinesio nervous system [PNS], spinal cord, and autonomic
Medical Taping methods and will provide an intensive nervous system [ANS]). Sensation and perception can
hands-on workshop taught by CKTI who specialize in this be altered by stimulation to the skin. Literature accounts
method and have learned how to teach it online. demonstrate how the jaw and neck regions are linked to
upper/lower extremities anatomically, bio-mechanically, and
This class focuses on a procedure for assessment and
neurologically. Labial and lingual control is contingent on jaw
treatment to help improve oral motor functioning. Kinesio
alignment and stability. This alignment will be affected by
Taping strategies focus on maintaining skin integrity
head and trunk control, and pelvic stability. Poor alignment
and comfort, targeted for improvement in function for
and/or motor deviations in the trunk and pelvis can lead
arthrokinematics, oral motor function, jaw alignment/
to symptoms associated with jaw “fixing” (lack of fluid
posture/head posture, edema, pain, fascial restrictions, scar
mobility between levels of jaw height, affecting speech and
remodeling, and to improve respiration and motility.
swallowing function), breath/swallow discord, and aspiration
This course will allow practitioners to earn CEUs while (Johnson and Gray, 2008; Redstone and West, 2004).
learning Sensory Point Taping with Kinesio Tape. After the
course they will have a very specialized skill set. This two
day course is 16 contact hours or 1.6 CEUs. Participants will
Specialty Taping
actively participate in hands-on practice to improve function!
The course is based on the premise that it is difficult to
walk, dress, and complete activities of daily living if you can’t
hear, think, speak, eat, or breathe. It is these discrete, yet
essential, interconnected abilities that interplay with motor
output or function that will be discussed for assessment and
treatment.
Designed to be both enjoyable and practical there is a lecture
portion as well as lab with reference to current research to
show the positive results that can be achieved when trying
the taping applications with patients.

Sensory Point 2. Initially trial with one ¼ inch strip at a time. Continue to
Kinesio Medical Taping use ¼ inch strips one at a time, spaced in equal distance
Sensory Point Taping: Mandible from each other (~2 mm). Trial with additional strips as
Modified Epidermis I-Cut with Kinesio Tex Gold FP or Light tolerated.
Touch+ (LT): Two to four (2-4) ¼ inch I-Cut, lateral cut with 3. Stimulation can be increased by pairing this strategy
no stretch/tension, anchored distal to proximal, and paper with the Sensory Point Taping with Kinesio Tape - Triple
off tension. Tragus.
Taping Application: Sensory Point Taping with Kinesio Tape: Oral Motor
1. Anchor with no tension behind the ear, at the Auditory Functioning
Meatus. Apply the tape laterally along the mandible with • Jaw Elevation
0% tension. Allow the tape to set into the skin. Avoid • Jaw Depression
adding additional tension and stretch. End with no • Mandibular Protraction Glide
tension at the mental foramen. Masseter Overactive Correction with TMJ Space Correction
• Fascia Correction for Middle Constrictors.
Oral
Motor
Oral Motor (sensory,
Specialty Taping
(Jaw, lip and movement and

tongue) positioning) Skills
Skills
Marshalla P. (2008). Oral Motor Treatment vs Non-speech Oral Motor Exercises. Oral Motor Institute,
2(2) Available from www.oralmotorinstitute.org.

Kinesio Taping in Pediatrics
The Pediatric course is designed to provide advanced
Kinesio Taping techniques and problem solving to
physicians, physical therapists, occupational therapists,
speech therapists, massage therapists, athletic trainers, and
other health professionals specializing in pediatrics. Kinesio
Taping is a method of treatment for musculoskeletal and
myofascial disorders. Kinesio Taping can be used during
physical activity and in conjunction with many therapeutic
interventions. Attendees will review theory and basic taping
techniques, learn advanced and combination techniques,
and develop clinical reasoning skills relevant to the pediatric
population. The course will also provide commonly used
taping techniques for specific diagnoses, including cerebral
palsy, hemiplegia, torticollis, and brachial plexus injury, as
well as pediatric sports related injuries.
Specialty Taping
The photo of these two young women as babies originally appeared in our book, Kinesio Taping in Pediatrics. They
recently recreated that image in 2021.

Brachial Plexus Injury
Bobby is a 6-week-old baby boy with right obstetric brachial
plexus injury. As a result, Bobby presents with partial
paralysis of his right arm and shoulder girdle. The poor
alignment and posturing of the right arm reflect the muscle
imbalance occurring because of the nerve injury.
It is important to evaluate Bobby in sitting, supine, and
prone and to observe resting position and spontaneous
movements in both arms. This observation of Bobby’s
movements will provide information of the muscle activity
as an indication of innervation. Lack of movement may
indicate decreased or absent innervation or disuse atrophy
in muscles that are now innervated.
To identify areas to be taped, it is important to understand
the sequence of the developmental motor milestones.
There are numerous courses and references about normal
development. To identify areas of motor weakness or
abnormal sensorimotor development, it is necessary
to clinically observe the motor patterns, muscle
contraction and movement components which make each
developmental milestone possible. At this age, knowledge
and observation of age-appropriate reflexes is essential, as
well as assessment of asymmetries.
Bobby exhibits the classic posturing seen in infants with
an upper brachial plexus palsy (waiter’s tip). This presents
as an adducted, medially rotated shoulder, extended elbow,
pronated forearm, flexed and ulnarly deviated wrist with
fingers and thumb in flexion. Bobby tends to use stronger
muscles for reach and these compensatory movements
may become a learned pattern for function. As the nerves
regenerate, atrophy in muscles and inability to coordinate
movement need to be assessed. Taping techniques should
target specific muscles with results carefully monitored
to ensure optimal alignment in movement. For example,
in selecting the muscles for function, taping the wrist in
neutral deviation and extension, forearm supination, elbow
flexion and external rotation of the humerus may assist with
bringing the hand to mouth.
Kinesio Tape can be applied to provide optimal alignment,
assist the desired muscle activity and to decrease
compensatory movement. An example of a compensatory
movement is the use of the middle deltoid with the shoulder
internally rotated and elevated for Bobby to bring his hand to
his mouth.
Specialty Taping
To ensure optimal function, the prevention of soft tissue

contractures and sensory neglect of the arm is key. Kinesio
Taping may provide proprioceptive input to assist with the
development of the child’s awareness of the arm and hand. more optimal alignment, with Kinesio Tape assisting.
In addition, the colored Kinesio Tape will provide increased
visual awareness. The neglect of the arm may be a factor At six weeks, when placed in sitting, Bobby begins to gain
secondary to decreased sensory awareness and poor motor extension control over physiological flexion.
control. After application of Kinesio Tape, careful evaluation The asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) has strong
and training of Bobby’s functional movement patterns needs influence on posturing of the extremities.
to be assessed and monitored. Potential improvement may
If his trunk is supported, Bobby may extend his head and
be facilitated by encouraging Bobby to practice movement in

thoracic spine but will not be able to grade this movement.
This is developmentally appropriate.
In prone Bobby can clear his head and shows active neck
rotation with extension. As he lifts and turns his head, his
weight is transferred to his arms and shoulders. Most
body weight in prone is on the upper extremities and head,
secondary to the elevated position of the pelvis and the hip
flexion contractures normally present at this age.
Bobby has minimal shoulder girdle stability, with his left
wrist in neutral and hand fisted. Bobby’s right wrist is in
flexion with wrist in ulnar deviation and fingers flexed.
In prone, Bobby exhibits shoulder elevation bilaterally. The
rotator cuff muscles are active and support the shoulders.
His upper extremity weight bearing occurs primarily at
the shoulder, forearm, and base of the hand. His elbow is
positioned behind his shoulder on the left.
Following myofascial release to the right arm, the Kinesio
Tape is applied with the buttonhole technique. The tape
is placed between his fingers to provide palmar input and
Specialty Taping
stability, as well as to improve wrist extension and forearm
supination. This position allows input to the ulnar side of the
hand and enables Bobby to use the surface of the floor to
stabilize his arm.
Taping is followed by a functional activity in this alignment.
In supine, Bobby can randomly move his uninvolved left
arm into shoulder abduction, adduction, and flexion. The
left arm is abducted and externally rotated, with gravity and
movement assisting to lengthen the pectoralis major and
minor muscles.
Bobby can flex and extend at his left elbow.

Weakness in his right involved arm makes it difficult for
Bobby to bring his hand to mouth. His arm is held at his side,
with elbow extended and he has difficulty moving his right
arm against gravity.
By placing rolled towels under his shoulder girdle, the right
shoulder can be supported forward to facilitate elbow flexion
in Bobby’s visual field. Bobby can gaze at his hand during
movement. It is important to encourage hand to mouth,
hand to hand, and to develop mid-line control at an age-
appropriate time.
In prone, Bobby uses asymmetrical neck and trunk extension
to lift his head. As his head is lifted, Bobby pushes into the
surface with his left arm abducted. Scapular abduction and
adduction are beginning to develop as scapular stability
increases.
In prone, the tape assists to position right arm, facilitating
input into the right involved arm. Elongation of the ulnar side
of the wrist occurs as Bobby brings his hand to his mouth.
In side lying, movements in a small controlled range are
available, especially hand to hand, hand to mouth and mid-
line activities.
This position can be used to assist Bobby in use of his right
arm more effectively, as gravity is eliminated.
In sitting, Bobby has increased shoulder elevation of his
involved arm. Bobby has decreased scapular stability on
the right and uses his upper trapezius to try to stabilize
against gravity. Kinesio Tape could also be applied to lower
and middle trapezius to facilitate shoulder depression.
Prioritize taping applications, to limit input and allow Bobby
to integrate new alignment and control gradually.
Completed taping for this infant’s brachial plexus injury.
Specialty Taping

RESEARCH
Chapter 16 Research
Before Taping After Taping
Christine Ford
LMT, CKTP
Connecticut, USA
Prior to surgery client [DOB 1941] had been unable to play golf for years and could not
walk more than a quarter mile due to pain and swelling of left knee, and at times ankle and
hip. Patient was walking without walker by third week and able to carry cane.
Leigh Tracy I have a longer tongue now

COTA, LSVT, CKTI that I had my tongue tie
Wisconsin USA release today. Kind of more
painful than I thought it
was going to be once the
shots wore off. So, the range
of motion in my neck has
already improved, I can open
my jaw a lot wider, no TMJ
pain, my jaw is not popping,
less stiffness in my neck and
upper traps. Really amazing!
Research
I can also take deeper

breaths.

Initially patient had diverticulitis with an abscess & perforation in colon. She was
hospitalized with IV & antibiotics for healing for a week. Surgery was scheduled. The
condition worsened, causing damage to colon. First surgery was scheduled for colon
resection, a couple hours surgery.
Client feedback on tape was overwhelming satisfying. She

states her abdomen is supported, pain decreases, overall
movement increases. When tape is removed, symptoms of
pain, less movement surface.
Anibal Ramos
LMT, CKTP
Texas, USA
Patient had a fall

from bike 13 days
prior to treatment.
He complained of
pain on VAS of 7/10
in calf while walking.
On examination his
calf muscles are
tight and dorsiflexion
5 degrees only. There
is bruise over calf.
Abhiya Gupta Just after taping:

PT, CKTI Patient dorsiflexion
Bangalore, India increases to 15
degees and pain on VAS 3/10
Research
After 4 days and second session of taping.

Regular Gait. Pain on VAS 1/10

Co-worker had
inflammation in
her throat due to
allergies. I taped
her neck so that the
tissues could raise
slightly and help her
congestion to clear
and fluids to drain.
She reported that she

felt much better.
Dr. Takayoshi
Kawamoto
CKTI
USA & Japan
Luiz Henrique Lima

de Mattos
Veterinary Surgeon,
CKTI-E
São Paulo, Brazil
Research was focused
on lymphatic drainage.
Results showed
additional benefits in
temperature and pain
management.
Research

Amy Mierzwa
PT, DPT, CKTP
Fractured Humerus
North Carolina, USA
Amy Mierzwa December 2019.
At Performance Combination taping with Lymphatic drainage/
Solutions Physical EDF Kinesio Taping provided great reduction of
Therapy, Amy pain and swelling in this client with a fractured
successfully utilizes humerus.
a variety of Kinesio
Broken bones take time to heal but in the
Taping.
meantime, we have Kinesio Tape to help. She
couldn’t wait for me to re-tape her when it
came off!
“Light Touch” Kinesio Tape was gentler on the
patient’s sensitive skin.
Nerve Injury: Pain and Function

Amy Mierzwa December 2019
I used very light (~5%) tension with web cuts, directions determined
by manual tissue direction testing- using my hands first to gently glide
the skin in different ways to determine which ways relieved pain. Then
applied the tape to reproduce what my hands were doing. This method
of taping works every time!
This individual presented with a nerve injury from a blood draw and
had immediate and substantially reduced pain in the arm with Kinesio
Research
Taping (and still felt better two days later at follow up).

Christina M. Lujan
DC, AT, CKTI
New Mexico, USA
Premature Atrial Contractions
The EDF applications are applied to redirect the body’s
areas of fluid retention to an area of less congestion by
increasing the space around the area of congestion. The
Kinesio Taping Method has demonstrated to be a form
of hydro kinetic therapy by increasing space between
the skeletal neuromuscular components and around the
heart, thus diminishing any external stressors that may
elicit irregular cardiac dysrhythmias.
Research

Christine Scarano
Ward
PT, DPT, CKTI
New Jersey, USA
Kinesio Taping for Morpheasclerorderma
“Jellyfish taping was a complete game changer for this patient.”
Morphea lesions have five main presentations:

1. Circumscribed circles on the trunk or limbs)
2. Generalized (many circles on the trunk and limbs)
Morphea is usually limited to the skin, but it may extend deeper to involve muscle or
bone. This patient reported feeling “zingers” down her arm with no noticeable patterns
or relatable reproducible movements. I started with light touch and progressed to FP
Tape. Patient immediately demonstrated increased pain-free active range of motion and
no zingers. The patient continues to report improved mobility, less neural tension pain,
less skin hypersensitivity, and even said she “knew she was getting better because she
can now use the right upper extremity to reach across her body to wash under the contra
lateral arm pit with no pain (which was not possible prior to initiating PT). The patient
also had a subsequent follow up with her dermatologist last week and the doctor offered
kudos and compliments.
Research

Rohit uses EDF taping on almost every
patient. It relieves (their pain and helps them
to respond better to Kinesio Taping and other
interventions. He worked with CKTI Matias
Puhr to prepare his application and became a
CKTI in 2020.
24 December 2018
Patient had been suffering with Rheumatoid
Arthritis since for 20 years. She had acute
pain and swelling in her arch after long
standing at a family function.
Pain level was 8/10 (VAS)
I went for Dermis Web Cut.
Rohit Srivastava Reassessed the pain level; dramatically
reduced to 5/10.
After 3 days reassessed the pain and
swelling, Low pain and very mild swelling
was there, but pain shifted more distal. Again,
went for Dermis web cut.
After 3 days reassessed the pain and
swelling.
Pain was gone and no swelling.
She has no pain there till this time. Great relief
by Kinesio Taping Method.
6 March 2019
Again, Kinesio Tape does its work.
Contusion injury. Pain and hematoma almost
vanish after application of Kinesio Tape (in
only three days).
Research

September 2019
Strained brachioradialis
May 27, 2019

Patient (TKR) had acute pain
over the medial side of stitch
line, relieved with this dermis
web.
In this case, Matthew is the patient! He was in a traffic

Mathew Villegas accident while riding his bicycle. This left him with serious
Research
LMT, CKTI back pain, which interfered with his professional duties as
New Mexico, USA a Massage Therapist and Educator. Dr. Kenzo Kase taped
him for the pain using EDF.

Deana Mercer Amber West
MD PA-C
Department of Department of
Orthopaedics & Orthopaedics &
Rehabilitation, UNM Rehabilitation, UNM
Applying sterile Kinesio Tape in the operating room
immediately after wound closure.
Following patients postoperatively at 3-5 days, 2 weeks, 6
weeks.
Measuring volumetric displacement & physical ability to
make a fist to assess swelling Subjective measures to
assess pain and functional limitations (PDQ, DASH)
Ongoing.
After closing incision with 4.0 monocrylsuture and
dermabond the FP tape is applied in the following manner:
3, 2” sterilized FP strips were applied distally to proximally
with the first two in an “X” pattern and the third applied
longitudinally, with the layering of the tape creating more
of a lifting effect on the underlying skin “Space Correcting
Technique”.
Patients assigned to the control group received soft dressing
consisting of bacitracin, adaptic, 2x2’s, and tegaderm per
usual wound dressing protocol, lifting the space directly
above area of swelling to reduce pressure.
The thin strips of tape were spread apart to create a web
pattern. Then 2, 4” pre-cut sterilized FP strips were applied
proximally to distally over the first strips in an “X” pattern
with the small strips spread evenly apart. Finally, 2, 4”
sterilized FP strips were applied to the dorsal surface of the
hand and wrist proximal to distal and the thin strips were
again spread evenly apart.
Patients are discharged with tape care instructions & a
Research
patient pain narrative form to record daily symptoms, level of

comfort, or any adverse reactions to the tape. DASH Summary:
Both groups demonstrated an increase in disability (higher
Patients followed-up after 3-5 days, at which point tape
score) postoperatively.
was reapplied and objective and subjective measures were
Kinesio Taping group demonstrated a larger drop in disability
repeated.
(lower DASH score) by the third visit than the control group.

In Future:
Broaden pathology treatment based on pilot data and
outcomes. Can apply to cubital tunnel release.
Fracture care.
Continue taping postoperatively at therapy follow-up visits
Research

Jellyfish made as a
second application
for cysts in the
popliteal cavity.
Impressions of the
subject: greater
lightness, less pain
in flexion and load
during walking.
Sandro Favero
CKTP
Liguria, Italy
Vicky Mo
PT, CKTI
Hong Kong Before Jellyfish taping: After Jellyfish taping:
Notice circled area of swelling is very reduced.
swelling.
EDF Taping for swelling caused by chest infection
Vicky is both therapist and patient.
“I got a chest infection while visiting New Zealand. I spent the

whole trip having fever and bed rest.
A hard journey!”
I am in NZ now for holiday and I am suffering from chest

infection and sore throat. Before I can find a doctor to consult
today, my throat was so sore that I cannot sleep last night.
Therefore, I took a picture and found the inflamed area as
shown. Then I tape my throat with a jellyfish. My throat is
much better today before I consult the doctor and take the
medication. The overall fluid retention was significantly
improved! Somehow jellyfish acts like a suction for the fluid.
Look how amazing job jellyfish taping has done! Thanks Dr.
Research
Kase.

Circulatory/Lymphatic Correction - Kinesio
Taping Method Example
1. 3 days after first treatment and re taped.
2. 3 days later with Circulatory/Lymphatic fans.
3. 4 days after injury/Same day treatment.
Pictures courtesy of Jimmy Welsh, PT, OCS, CKTI
2 3
Lymphatic Research Journals

References Lymphology – The Journal of the International Society of Lymphology
Casley-Smith, JR and Casley-Smith, JR (1999) Modern treatment for http://www.u.arizona.edu/~witte/ISL.htm
Lymphoedema, Lymphoedema Association of Australia Inc, Adelaide Lymphatic Research and Biology -The Journal of the Lymphatic
Foeldi, M and Casley-Smith, JR (1983) Lymphangiology, Schattauer Research Foundation
Verlag, Stuttgart http://www.liebertpub.com/publication.aspx?pub_id=114
Foeldi, M, Foeldi, E, Kubik, S (eds) (2003) Textbook of Lymphology for
Physicians and Lymphoedema Therapists, Urban and Fisher, Munich
Piller, NB and O’Connor, M. (2006) The Lymphoedema Handbook.
Causes, Effects and Management, Hill of Content, Melbourne
Research
Piller, NB. (3003) The Vital Essence: Understanding the Lymphatic

System in Health and Disease: Lymphoedema - Professional version.
CD/DVD. www.flinders.sagov.au/lymphoedema
Weissleder H and Schuchardt, C (eds) (2001) Lymphoedema, Diagnosis
and Therapy. Viavitel, Koln

Research / Abstracts Collection Introduction
Currently, there are nearly 1,000 scientific articles published on Kinesio Tape listed on
PubMed. As you can see from the graph extracted from PubMed, the amount of research
has increased tremendously over the past five years. Particularly in recent years, there
have been many randomized controlled trials (RCT), which is the strongest type of
research study. RCTs are supposed to have the lowest probability of bias compared to
other study designs. I have added abstracts from recent years to give you a taste of
what is out there. Most of research has found some benefit from using Kinesio Tape for
various injuries, instabilities, and even strokes. Occasional research studies have found
no significant benefit from using Kinesio tape and I have included a couple of those
abstracts as well. I hope you enjoy the articles as much as I did!
Dr. Favia Dubyk

Kinesio Public Relations
Albuquerque, NM, USA
1974 2021
Kinesio Taping and Knee Stability consideration. Application of a Kinesio Tape only on the
Does Kinesio Taping improve static stability of the knee injured knee was to stabilize the knee joint. Experimental
after anterior cruciate ligament rupture? A randomized group had application of Kinesio Tape on the injured
single-blind, placebo controlled trial knee and the placebo group had a Kinesio Tape placebo
Authors: Katarzyna Ogrodzka-Ciechanowicz, Grzegorz Głąb, Jakub application (with no tension on Kinesio Tape).
Ślusarski, Artur Gądek, and Jolanta Nawara Results
PMID: 33726820. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil Published March 2021 The results show a statistically significant shortening of the
Abstract variables only in experimental group. In the placebo group
the results were not significant. The analysis also showed
Background
a significant improvement in all analyzed variables in the
The aim of the study was the assessment of the early experimental group compared to the healthy side. In the
impact of the selected Kinesio Taping technique on the placebo group, the results did not improve significantly after
static stability of the knee joint in patients with ACL rupture Kinesio Tape application compared to the healthy side.
Research
on the basis of stabilographic parameters.

Conclusions
Methods
Kinesio Tape application is able to compensate for the loss
Sixty-two patients with a complete ACL rupture (32 patients of static stability of the knee.
in experimental group and 30 patients in placebo group)
took part in the randomized single-blind, placebo-controlled
trial. The ligament technique of Kinesio Tape was taken into

Does Kinesio Taping of the Knee Improve Pain and allocated to either the experimental (therapeutic Kinesio
Functionality in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis?: A Tape with tension) or control group (sham Kinesio Tape
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial without tension) with the allocation being concealed. Pre
Ebru Kaya Mutlu 1, Rustem Mustafaoglu, Tansu Birinci, Arzu Razak and post test measurements of isokinetic quadriceps torque,
Ozdincler SSCT and pain during SSCT were carried out by a blinded
PMID: 27149590 Am J Phys Med Rehabil. Published in Jan 2017
assessor.
Abstract Results: A large effect size with significant improvements in

the peak quadriceps torque, SSCT and pain were obtained in
Objective: This study investigated the effect of Kinesio the experimental group when compared to the control group.
taping on the functionality, pain, range of motion (ROM),
and muscle strength in patients with knee osteoarthritis Conclusion: Application of therapeutic Kinesio Taping is
compared with a placebo Kinesio Tape application. effective in improving isokinetic quadriceps torque, SSCT
and reducing pain in knee osteoarthritis.
Design: Forty-two consecutive patients were randomized
to a Kinesio Tape group and a placebo taping group. The
assessments were performed at baseline, after the initial Does tension applied in Kinesio Taping affect pain or
Kinesio Tape application, the third Kinesio Tape application, function in older women with knee osteoarthritis? A
and 1 month later. The functional status of patients was randomized controlled trial
evaluated using the Aggregated Locomotor Function Yago Tavares Pinheiro 1, Germanna Medeiros Barbosa 2, Hilmaynne
score and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Renaly Fonseca Fialho 2, César Augusto Medeiros Silva 2, Jaciara de
Osteoarthritis scale. Pain level, muscle strength, and active Oliveira Anunciação 2, Hugo Jário de Almeida Silva 1, Marcelo Cardoso de
Souza 1, Caio Alano de Almeida Lins 3
ROM were measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a
handheld dynamometer, and digital goniometer, respectively. PMID: 33328259 BMJ Open Published: 2020 Dec
Results: Patients receiving the Kinesio Tape application Abstract

demonstrated large decrease in VAS activity and walking Objective: To analyse the short-term effects of Kinesio
task scores compared with the placebo taping group Taping (Kinesio Tape) with tension (Kinesio TapeT) or
from the initial taping application to after the third taping without tension (Kinesio TapeNT) in older women with knee
application to the 1-month follow-up. The Kinesio Tape osteoarthritis (KOA), and compare them to controls who did
group exhibited short-term improvement in VAS night and not receive Kinesio Tape.
knee-flexion ROM after the 1-month follow-up. There was
no statistically significant difference in outcome measures in Participants: Forty-five older women with KOA were
ROM and muscle strength between 2 groups. assessed pre, post and 3 days after intervention.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that Kinesio Taping Interventions: Participants were randomly allocated to
resulted in superior short-term effects on walking task, pain, Kinesio TapeT; Kinesio TapeNT, who received the same
and knee-flexion ROM compared with placebo taping in application as the Kinesio TapeT group, but without tension
patients with knee osteoarthritis. and a control group that attended a class on KOA.
Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Primary
outcome was pain intensity and secondary outcomes were
Efficacy of Kinesio Taping on isokinetic quadriceps torque knee-related health status, functional capacity, muscle
in knee osteoarthritis: a double blinded randomized strength and global rating of change.
controlled study
Results: No between-group differences were observed in
Sudarshan Anandkumar 1, Shobhalakshmi Sudarshan, Pratima Nagpal
pain after the first intervention. The lack of between-group
PMID: 24617598 Physiother Theory Pract Published in 2014 Aug differences was also found for secondary outcomes.
Abstract Conclusion: The short-term use of Kinesio Taping with
Objectives: To compare the isokinetic quadriceps torque, or without tension in older woman with KOA had no
standardized stair-climbing task (SSCT) and pain during beneficial effects on pain and function. These findings call
SSCT between subjects diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis into question the clinical use of Kinesio Taping as a non-
pre and post kinesio tape (Kinesio Tape) application with and pharmacological therapy for this population.
without tension.
Research
Background: Strength of the quadriceps and torque

producing capability is frequently found to be compromised
in knee osteoarthritis. The efficacy of Kinesio Tape in
improving isokinetic quadriceps torque in knee osteoarthritis
is unknown, forming the basis for this study.
Methods and Measures: Forty subjects were randomly

Kinesio Taping and Back Pain Secondary outcomes were: disability (Roland Morris
The influence of Kinesio Taping on muscle fatigue in Disability questionnaire), trunk range of motion, strength and
individuals with low back pain: A randomized controlled electromyographic amplitude.
trial Results: Improved pain relief was observed for Kinesio
Liane Brito Macedo 1 2, Jim Richards 3, Daniel Tezoni Borges 2, Samara TapeT group and Kinesio TapeNT group compared with CG
Alencar Melo 2, Daniela Dantas Reis 4, Jamilson Simões Brasileiro 2 at 3 days after application of the tape. For disability, there
PMID: 33682693 J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. Published 2021 was a difference between CG and Kinesio TapeT group at 3
days and 10 days). For all the other variables, there were no
Abstract
differences between groups.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of different taping
Conclusion: Kinesio Tape with or without tension reduces
techniques on back muscle fatigue in people with low back
pain 3 days after its application. Additionally, when applied
pain.
with tension, it improves disability after 3 and 10 days in
Methods: Sixty women with chronic non-specific low patients with LBP.
back pain were randomly assigned to four groups of 15
participants each: control (CG), Kinesio Taping (Kinesio
Tape) with tension (Kinesio TapeT), Kinesio Tape no tension Kinesio Taping and Strokes
(Kinesio TapeNT) and Micropore® (MP), which were applied Effect of inhibitory Kinesio Taping on spasticity in patients
over the erector spinae muscles. The median frequency (MF) with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled pilot trial
fatigue slopes of the longissimus muscle and sustained Mahdad Mehraein 1 2, Zahra Rojhani-Shirazi 1 3, Ahmad Zeinali Ghotrom
contraction time during a trunk fatigue test and pain using 4, Nasrin Salehi Dehno 1
the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) were collected at
PMID: 34427177 Top Stroke Rehabil. Published August 2021
three time points: pre-treatment, three and ten days after
intervention at a university laboratory. Abstract
Results: Significant differences were seen in the MF slopes Background: There is no consensus regarding the positive
between groups. Significant reductions in NPRS were seen effect of Kinesio Taping (Kinesio Tape) on spasticity. All
between time points, with a reduction between pre and 3 previous studies have measured spasticity by Modified
days and pre and 10 days with Kinesio TapeT and Kinesio Ashworth Scale (MAS) scale which is a subjective clinical
TapeNT both showing clinically important changes. assessment.
Conclusion: Kinesio Tape, with or without tension, has a Objective: To investigate the effect of inhibitory Kinesio
tendency to reduce back muscle fatigue and reduce pain in Tape on the spasticity of plantar flexor muscles using both
individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain. Hoffmann-reflex (H-reflex) and MAS scale. H-reflex is a
neurophysiological technique that objectively evaluates
spasticity by reflecting the excitability of motor neurons.
Kinesio Taping reduces pain and improves disability in low
Methods: Thirty patients were randomly assigned into
back pain patients: a randomized controlled trial
inhibitory Kinesio Tape (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups.
Liane de Brito Macedo 1, Jim Richards 2, Daniel Tezoni Borges 3, Samara Spasticity was assessed at baseline and 30 min and 48 h
Alencar Melo 4, Jamilson Simões Brasileiro 5
after taping by H-reflex and MAS scale. The control group
PMID: 30348455 Physiotherapy, Published March 2019 received no taping and spasticity was assessed at baseline
Abstract and 30 min and 48 h after the baseline.
Objective: To investigate the effects of Kinesio Taping® Result: Hmax/Mmax ratio decreased significantly after
(Kinesio Tape) on chronic non-specific low back pain (LBP). 48 h in the inhibitory Kinesio Tape in comparison with the
baseline (P = .001) and 30 min after-intervention (p = .002);
Participants: One hundred and eight women with chronic meanwhile, it did not change significantly in the control
non-specific LBP underwent an evaluation pre, 3 and 10 group (P > .05). However, none of the groups showed a
days after intervention. statistically significant change in MAS score (P > .05).
Interventions: After randomisation, participants were Conclusions: Application of inhibitory Kinesio Tape was
assigned to four groups: Kinesio Tape with tension group found to be able to reduce the Hmax/Mmax ratio in patients
(Kinesio TapeT) applied Kinesio Tape with tension in the with stroke. As a result, inhibitory Kinesio Tape could have
Research
region of the erector spinae muscles; Kinesio Tape no beneficial effects on spasticity.
tension group (Kinesio TapeNT) applied Kinesio Tape with
no tension in the same region; Micropore group (MP) applied
Micropore® tape on the erector spinae muscles; and control
group (CG) did not receive any intervention.
Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was
pain sensation, measured by numerical pain rating scale.

Kinesio Taping and Shoulder Injuries scapulothorasic stabilization.
Comparing the effects of no intervention with therapeutic Material and Methods: Seventy five patients were divided
exercise, and exercise with additional Kinesio tape in into three groups randomly with different treatment
patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. A three- modalities which are only exercise group (Group 1), Kinesio
arm randomized controlled trial Taping + exercise group (Group 2), and injection + exercise
Amir Letafatkar 1, Pouya Rabiei 2, Sarvenaz Kazempour 1, Samaneh group (Group 3). Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index
Alaei-Parapari 1 (WORCI), Quick Disability of arm, shoulder, hand (Q-DASH),
PMID: 33155484 Clin Rehabil . Published April 2021 Constant- Murley Scores (CMS) were evaluated for each
patient at the beginning, 15th and 60th days and compared
Abstract
in time and technique manner.
Objective: To investigate if adding Kinesio tape to
Results: All the three groups had better results in short and
therapeutic exercise is an effective treatment to improve
long term follow ups as compared to initial admission. But in
clinical outcomes compared to therapeutic exercise alone
the second group 15th and 60th day results were superior to
and no intervention, in patients with shoulder impingement
other groups significantly (p < 0,001).
syndrome.
Conclusions: Most of recent studies using Kinesio Taping
Subjects: One hundred and twenty patients with shoulder
were focused on mechanical correction of humerus
impingement syndrome.
which will be an impaired treatment to correct the main
Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to eight- cause of impingement. Not only mechanical correction of
weeks therapeutic exercise alone, therapeutic exercise with periscapular muscles and also stabilization of scapulae will
Kinesio tape, and control group. help to gain scapulohumeral rhythm.
Main Measures: Pain was measured with a numerical rating
scale and disability and scapular kinematics were measured
with a relative questionnaire and motion analysis software Kinesio Taping and Ankle Injuries
respectively, at baseline and after eight-weeks intervention. Fascial therapy, strength exercises and taping in soccer
players with recurrent ankle sprains: A randomized
Results: There was significant differences in therapeutic controlled trial
exercise with Kinesio tape group vs. therapeutic exercise
Ruben Allois 1, Adriano Niglia 1, Alessandro Pernice 1, Rubén Cuesta-
alone and control group respectively for pain, disability Barriuso 2
scapular upward rotation at sagittal plane, scapular
plane, scapular tilt at sagittal plane, and scapular plane. PMID: 34391242, J Bodyw Mov Ther. Published July 2020
Therapeutic exercise alone was superior over control group Abstract
in all significant outcomes (P < 0.05).
Introduction: Recurrent ankle sprains are common in
Conclusion: Although therapeutic exercises alone showed soccer players, characterized by restricted range of motion,
positive effect on clinical outcomes, adding Kinesio tape pain, and decreased proprioception, strength, and postural
to therapeutic exercises had more significant effects with control. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of
larger effect sizes. Adding Kinesio tape to therapeutic a fascial therapy and strength training program, combined
exercise may be of some assistance to clinicians in with Kinesio Taping, in improving ankle range of motion,
improving clinical outcomes in patients with shoulder pain, strength and stability in footballers with recurrent
impingement syndrome. sprains.
Method: Thirty-six federated footballers were recruited
Comparison of Kinesio Taping, Exercise and Subacromial and randomized to the two study groups. The experimental
Injection Treatments on Functionality and Life Quality group received an intervention using myofascial techniques
in Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized applied to the subastragaline joint, eccentric training with
Controlled Study an isoinertial device and neuromuscular taping. The control
group was administered an intervention using myofascial
Ozge Vergili 1, Birhan OKinesio Tapeas 2, Ibrahim Deniz Canbeyli 2
techniques on the subastragaline joint and eccentric training
PMID: 33569114 Indian J Orthop. Published Jun 2020 with an isoinertial device. The results were recorded for all
Abstract players at baseline, after 4 weeks of intervention, and at the
end of the 4-week follow-up period.
Research
Purpose: Disturbance of scapulohumeral rhythm has been

shown to play a major role in subacromial impingement Results: Subsequent to intervention and follow-up, we found
syndrome. Exercise, taping and subacromial injection are statistically significant improvements in the experimental
first ray conservative treatment modalities. We aimed to group in ankle mobility, strength and stability. The control
correct scapulohumeral rhythm with kinesio taping and group exhibited improvements in all study variables. No
exercise program via focusing on especially periscapular differences in the improvement of variables were found
muscles not on glenohumeral structures to achieve based on the allocation of athletes to one group or another.

Conclusion: The combination of fascial therapy and
eccentric strength training with an isoinertial device
improves ankle mobility, strength and stability in footballers
with recurrent ankle sprains. The use of taping techniques
failed to provide a greater improvement of the study
variables when combined with manual therapy and strength
techniques.
Kinesio Taping Techniques to Alter Static Load in Patients

With Foot Pronation
Senem Guner 1, Serap Alsancak 1
Published September 2020. J Chiropr Med PMID: 33362440
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of Kinesio
Tape (Kinesio Tape) application on foot pronation using the
laser postural alignment system.
Methods: Twenty participants (10 females and 10 males)
with foot pronation were included in the study. The location
of the joint load carrying line was assessed during barefoot
static standing with one foot on the force plate before
Kinesio Tape application, immediately after application, then
24 and 48 hours later. Weight bearing on the barefoot was
assessed before Kinesio Tape application, immediately after,
then 24 and 48 hours later.
Results: Weight bearing was not significantly changed after
Kinesio Tape application. The load-carrying line measured
using Kinesio Tape did not notably move with Kinesio Tape
versus without Kinesio Tape in the ankle joint. Immediately
after Kinesio Tape application, significant lateral knee
joint movement was measured, but this change was not
importantly 24 and 48 hours later.
Conclusion: Kinesio Tape was not altered in changing
weight bearing or moving the lower extremity load-carrying
line in people with foot pronation. Kinesio Tape of the foot
can amplify sensory input and improve perceived comfort;
therefore, it can be used with an orthotic insole in footwear.
Research

INDEX
Thank you and have fun Kinesio Taping!
www.KinesioTaping.com
Kinesio Taping Applications Index
Canine Shoulder Muscle Torn or Detached Biceps Brachii 27
Canine Pectoralis Chest Area 27
Handling the Tape Tension Lab 35
Handling the Tape Convolutions Lab 38
0110-NE-XX Longissimus Cervicus Superficial Erector Spinae 83
0095-NE-XX Scalenous Anterior 86
0011-GH-XX Pectoralis Major Sternocostal Portion 89
0218-TR-XX Rectus Abdominis 92
0216-HI-XX Gluteus Medius Overactive 95
0217-HI-XX Gluteus Medius Underactive 97
0214-KN-HI Quadriceps Femoris Overactive 100
0215-KN-HI Quadriceps Femoris Underactive 103
0212-SH-NE Upper Trapezius Overactive 115
0213-SH-NE Upper Trapezius Underactive 116
0230-CO-FS Fascia Correction Superficial Tissue Light Stimulation Upper Layer 122
0231-CO-FS Fascia Correction Moderate Stimulation Middle Layer 123
0232-CO-FS Fascia Correction Moderate Stimulation Deep Layer 124
0222-CO-FS Fascia Hold Correction 125
0227-CO-TE Tendon Correction Achilles Tedon 132
0226-CO-LG Ligament Correction Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) 136
0223-CO-SP Space Correction I-Cut 140
0224-CO-SP Space Correction Donut Hole Cut 142
0225-CO-SP Space Correction Web Cut 144
0233-CO-SP Space Correction I-Cut Star 146

0221-CO-ME Mechanical Correction I-Cut 150
0219-CO-ME Mechanical Correction Y-Cut Type 1 152
0220-CO-ME Mechanical Correction Y-Cut Type 2 154
0228-CO-FU Functional Correction Ankle 158
3001-SF-EL Snowflake Lateral of the Elbow 164
0229-CO-LY Lymphatic Correction Posterior Lower Leg 172

2018-EDF-F Fascia Side of Neck 185
2009-EDF-D Dermis Low back 190
2020-EDF-E Epidermis Low Back 192
2022-EDF-I Epidermis Finger 2 195
2021-EDF-J Jellyfish Patella of the Knee 197
Mature Adult Kinesio Medical Taping Hand Claw 204

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Dr.

Kinesio Foundations Course

Top Athletes use

Kids, Moms and

Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook 15

16 Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook

Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook 17

18 Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook

Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook 19

Invented Muscle Slacking (muscle

Re-designed new building for

Kinesio Taping Introduced to

Kinesio Taping Kinesio Taping Theory

20 Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook

Kinesio Taping Introduced Medicare (US government

Invented Epidermis, Dermis,

Poly Clinic for Sochi

Kinesio Body Design Kinesio Medical

Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook 21

22 Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook

Kinesio Tex Performance+

Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook 23

Kinesio Animal Tapes

Kinesio Equine Taping

24 Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook

Kinesio Taping Equine For Horse Lovers

Also Available as On-

Therapeutic tape for dogs

Kinesio Canine Taping

26 Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook

Shoulder Muscle Even dogs can “tweak” their

Torn or Detached Biceps Brachii Chest Area

Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook 27

Fabric made by Kinesio

Backing paper specific

Exclusive Kinesio logo Kinesio stickiness

28 Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook

Adhesive is unique to Unique wave pattern for

Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook 29

What can be imitated and what cannot be done,

Things that cannot be imitated

Most elastic therapeutic / Kinesiology tape brands print the

30 Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook

Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook 31

Pre-Course Part 2 - Handling the Tape

Kinesio Tex Tape Skin Care Tape Cuts

32 Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook

Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook 33

Backing Paper Removal: Roll Method

34 Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook

Kinesio Taping Contraindications

04. skin infection

Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook 35

Tension plays a large role in the consistency and the results

Tape Removal - Healthy Tape Removal Methods “PRESSURE” Method

Removal of Kinesio Tex Tape

36 Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook

Tape Jean Claude Guimberteau. Attempt to Explain the Efficiency of

Recoil toward the center.

Skin surface convolutions caused by tape recoil.

Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook 37

38 Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook

Kinesio Taping® Association International - Foundations Workbook 39