ÃNFLBG
 

PKZVHFH
PKZVHFH
RLNKPRLR
RLNKPR LR
PKZVHFLAAH
PKZVH FLAAH
FGFLBHVKZLH
FGFLBH VKZLH
LNVZKFWBBLÒ
LNVZKF WBBLÒNN
BHPÃVWAK 8. XWLVG AKR KJRVÈBWAKR HA BZGBLCLGNVK
BHPÃVWAK :. GYLVG GA FLHENÒRVLBK (gxbgptk phrh ahs bkcphøãhs fg
sgeurks)
BHPÃVWAK 2. GA VGZHPGWVH \ GA PHBLGNVG BKCK
«BKCPHØGZKR FG YLHOG½
BHPÃVWAK 6. LNYKAWBZG HA PHBLGNVG
BHPÃVWAK 7. JZLNFG HPK\K
BHPÃVWAK 9. GCPHVÃH? CLZHNFK PKZ AH YGNVHNH FGA
PHBLGNVG
BHPÃVWAK 5. GNRGØG AH GCPHVÃH
BHPÃVWAK 4. PGZCLVH XWG GA PHBLGNVG AG LCPKZVG
BHPÃVWAK <. ZGBKNK_BH RWR GZZKZGR
BHPÃVWAK 80. BZGG WNH NWGYH VGZHPLH PHZH BHFH PHBLGNVG
BHPÃVWAK 88. GA HBVK VGZHPÌWVLBK, NK AH PHAHJZH
VGZHPÌWVLBH
BHPÃVWAK 8:. DHEH VGZHPLH WRVGF VHCJLÌN
BHPÃVWAK 82. GA VGZHPGWVH VLGNG CWBDKR PHBLGNVGR= GA
PHBLGNVG, WN RKAK VGZHPGWVH
 

BHPÃVWAK 86. GA «HXWÃ \ HDKZH½? ßRGAK, ßRGAK, ßRGAK

BHPÃVWAK 87. »PKZ XWÌ WRHZ GA «HXWÃ \ HDKZH½;
BHPÃVWAK 89. AH WVLAL_HBLÒN FGA «HXWÃ \ HDKZH½?
FGRHZZKAAG EZHNFGR KZGOHR FG BKNGOK
BHPÃVWAK 85. JWRXWG AKR GXWLYHAGNVGR FGA «HXWÃ \
HDKZH½
BHPÃVWAK 84. VZHJHOHZ CGFLHNVG AKR VGCHR FGA «HXWÃ \
HDKZH½
BHPÃVWAK 8<. GA «HXWÃ \ HDKZH½ YLEKZL_H AH VGZHPLH
BHPÃVWAK :0. WVLALBG RWR PZKPLKR RGNVLCLGNVKR BKCK
LNIKZCHBLÒN
BHPÃVWAK :8. RGH BWLFHFKRK HA IKZCWAHZ RWR
BKCGNVHZLKR RKJZG GA «HXWÃ \ HDKZH½
BHPÃVWAK ::. VKFK ZGRWAVH HPZKYGBDHJAG PHZH GA «HXWÃ \
HDKZH½
BHPÃVWAK :2. AAGYG WN BKNVZKA FGA «HXWÃ \ HDKZH½ GN
BHFH RGRLÒN
BHPÃVWAK :6. »XWÌ CGNVLZHR CG DH FLBDK;
BHPÃVWAK :7. »WNH PHNVHAAH GN JAHNBK; ¡KAYÃFGRG FG GRK!
RGH ZGHA
BHPÃVWAK :9. VZGR BAHRGR FG HPGZVWZH FGA VGZHPGWVH
BHPÃVWAK :5. GA CGBHNLRCK FG AH VGZHPLH? RGH
VZHNRPHZGNVG
BHPÃVWAK :4. AH ZGYGAHBLÒN FG AKR RGNVLCLGNVKR FGA
«HXWÃ \ HDKZH½? WVLALBG AH FLRBZGBLÒN
BHPÃVWAK :<. AH ZGYGAHBLÒN FG AH YLFH PGZRKNHA FGA
VGZHPGWVH? RGH BHWVGAKRK
BHPÃVWAK 20. AH ZGYGAHBLÒN FG RW YLFH PGZRKNHA?
PZGBHWBLKNGR
BHPÃVWAK 28. AH VZHNRPHZGNBLH FGA VGZHPGWVH \ AH
WNLYGZRHALFHF
BHPÃVWAK 2:. AKR PHBLGNVGR RG ZGRLRVLZÈN H RW HPGZVWZH
BHPÃVWAK 22. GYLVG AH IHARH BWZH
 

BHPÃVWAK 26. RKJZG GA AAGYHZ H AKR PHBLGNVGR CÈR HAAÈ

FG HFKNFG WRVGF DH AAGEHFK
BHPÃVWAK 27. RKJZG GA ZGBLJLZ H\WFH FG RW PHBLGNVG
BHPÃVWAK 29. IKCGNVG AH HPGZVWZH FGA PHBLGNVG
BHPÃVWAK 25. AH ZGVZKHALCGNVHBLÒN GN AH PRLBKVGZHPLH
BHPÃVWAK 24. RGH GIGBVLYK \ HCHJAG HA JZLNFHZ AH
ZGVZKHALCGNVHBLÒN
BHPÃVWAK 2<. HWCGNVG AH ZGBGPVLYLFHF H AH
ZGVZKHALCGNVHBLÒN WVLAL_HNFK «PHZVGR½
BHPÃVWAK 60. AH ZGVZKHALCGNVHBLÒN? EKAPGG BWHNFK GA
DLGZZK GRVÌ IZÃK
BHPÃVWAK 68. DHJAG FG AH CWGZVG
BHPÃVWAK 6:. AH CWGZVG \ AH GTHAVHBLÒN FG AH YLFH
BHPÃVWAK 62. BÒCK DHJAHZ FG AH CWGZVG
BHPÃVWAK 66. DHJAG RKJZG GA RGNVLFK FG AH YLFH
BHPÃVWAK 67. AH ALJGZVHF
BHPÃVWAK 69. H\WFHZ H AKR PHBLGNVGR H HRWCLZ AH
ZGRPKNRHJLALFHF
BHPÃVWAK 65. NWNBH (K BHRL NWNBH) VKCG FGBLRLKNGR PKZ GA
PHBLGNVG
BHPÃVWAK 64. FGBLRLKNGR? WNH YLH ZGELH DHBLH AKR
IWNFHCGNVKR FG AH GTLRVGNBLH
BHPÃVWAK 6<. BÌNVZGRG GN AH ZGRLRVGNBLH H VKCHZ
FGBLRLKNGR
BHPÃVWAK 70. IHBLALVHZ AH BKNBLGNBLH H VZHYÌR FGA
BKNRGOK
BHPÃVWAK 78. IHBLALVHZ AHR FGBLRLKNGR? KVZKR CÌVKFKR
BHPÃVWAK 7:. BKNFW_BH AH VGZHPLH BKCK WNH RKAH RGRLÒN
BHPÃVWAK 72. VKCG NKVHR FG BHFH RGRLÒN
BHPÃVWAK 76. HALGNVG HA PHBLGNVG H PZHBVLBHZ WNH
HWVKRWPGZYLRLÒN
BHPÃVWAK 77. BWHNFK RW PHBLGNVG AAKZH
BHPÃVWAK 79. FGRG VLGCPK GNVZG RGRLKNGR
 

BHPÃVWAK 75. GTPZGRG RWR FLAGCHR HJLGZVHCGNVG

BHPÃVWAK 74. YLRLVG H RWR PHBLGNVGR
BHPÃVWAK 7<. NK RG VKCG FGCHRLHFK GN RGZLK AHR
GTPALBHBLKNGR
BHPÃVWAK 90. CÌVKFKR PHZH HBGAGZHZ AH VGZHPLH
BHPÃVWAK 98. AH VGZHPLH BKCK WN GNRH\K ILNHA PHZH AH
YLFH
BHPÃVWAK 9:. WVLALBG AH XWGOH LNLBLHA PHZH FHZ LCPWARK H
AH VGZHPLH
BHPÃVWAK 92. NK VGNEH CLGFK FG VKBHZ H RW PHBLGNVG
BHPÃVWAK 96. NWNBH RG BKCPKZVG FG WNH CHNGZH RGTWHA
BKN AKR PHBLGNVGR
BHPÃVWAK 97. GRVÌ HVGNVK H AKR HNLYGZRHZLKR \ H AKR
VGCHR XWG CHZBHN AHR GVHPHR FG AH YLFH
BHPÃVWAK 99. OHCÈR LENKZG AH «HNRLGFHF ZGAHBLKNHFH
BKN AH VGZHPLH½
BHPÃVWAK 95. FKBVKZ, XWÃVGCG AH HNRLGFHF
BHPÃVWAK 94. RKJZG AH BKNFLBLÒN FG RGZ WN YGZFWEK FGA
HCKZ
BHPÃVWAK 9<. RKJZG AH DLRVKZLH BAÃNLBH FGA PHBLGNVG
BHPÃVWAK 50. WN ZGAHVK FG AHR HBVLYLFHFGR FLHZLHR FGA
PHBLGNVG
BHPÃVWAK 58. »XWÌ KVZHR PGZRKNHR DHJLVHN AH YLFH FGA
PHBLGNVG;
BHPÃVWAK 5:. GNVZGYLRVG H HXWGAAHR PGZRKNHR CÈR
RLENLILBHVLYHR
BHPÃVWAK 52. GTPAKZG AHR VGZHPLHR HNVGZLKZGR
BHPÃVWAK 56. OWNVKR H AH RKCJZH FGA AHFK RKCJZÃK
BHPÃVWAK 57. IZGWF NK RLGCPZG GRVHJH GXWLYKBHFK
BHPÃVWAK 59. AH BJV NK GR BKCK AH PLNVHN RWR GAKELKR... K
NK VGNEH CLGFK FGA BWBK FG AH GYV
BHPÃVWAK 55. AKR RWGØKR? ßRGAKR, ßRGAKR, ßRGAKR
BHPÃVWAK 54. »WNH LNVGZPZGVHBLÒN VKVHA FG WN RWGØK; ¡NL
 

AK PLGNRG!
BHPÃVWAK 5<. WVLALBG AKR RWGØKR PZHECÈVLBHCGNVG?
PÃAAGAKR \ RHXWÌGAKR
BHPÃVWAK 40. FKCLNG HAEWNHR VÌBNLBHR PHZH AH
NHYGEHBLÒN FG AKR RWGØKR
BHPÃVWAK 48. HPZGNFH RKJZG AH YLFH FG AKR PHBLGNVGR H
PHZVLZ FG AKR RWGØKR
BHPÃVWAK 4:. PZGRVG HVGNBLÒN HA PZLCGZ RWGØK
BHPÃVWAK 42. PZGRVG GRPGBLHA HVGNBLÒN H AKR RWGØKR
RKJZG GA VGZHPGWVH
BHPÃVWAK 46. BWÃFGRG FG AKR EHOGR FGA KILBLK
BHPÃVWAK 47. BWLFG AKR PZLYLAGELKR FG RW PZKIGRLÒN
HEZHFGBLCLGNVKR
NKVHR \ ZGIGZGNBLHR
NKVHR
BZÌFLVKR
 

Erhblhs pkr hfqulrlr gstg gJkkm

Ylslth Pahngthfgaljrks.bkc
Pahngthfgaljrks.bkc y y
fgsbujrg unh
nugvh ikrch fg flsiruthr fg ah
agbturh

¡Zgeãstrhtg y hbbgfg h
bkntgnlfks gxbauslvks!
Prlcgrks bhpãtuaks
Irhecgntks
Irhecg ntks fg pròxlchs pujalbhblkngs
pujalbhblkngs
Baujs
Bauj s fg agbturh bkn aks hutkrgs
Bknbursks, skrtgks y prkckblkngs
Phrtlblph gn prgsgnthblkngs fg aljrks
 

Bkcphrtg tu kplnlòn gn ah ilbdh fga aljrk

y gn nugstrhs rgfgs skblhags?

 
 

Gxpakrh Fgsbujrg Bkcphrtg

 

RLNKPRLR
 

Lrvln \hakc fgsbrljg ah tgrhplh bkck «un gnbugntrk egnulnk bkn ah ktrh
pgrsknh½. Jhshfh gn ga bknkblclgntk hfqulrlfk gn buhrgnth y blnbk høks fg
prèbtlbh prkigslknha, gsth euãh lnbkcphrhjag phrh unh tgrhplh gxltksh jrlnfh
bknsgoks y rgbkcgnfhblkngs flrlelfks thntk h ah egngrhblòn hbtuha fg
tgrhpguths bkck h sus phblgntgs.
Ga Fr. \hakc kirgbg tkfks hqugaaks bknsgoks qug pkfrãh fhrag thntk h un
kvgn pslqulhtrh bkck h sus phblgntgs.
 Ga fkn fg ah tgrhplh hyufhrè h aks gspgblhalsths, h aks phblgntgs y h
buhaqulgr pgrsknh qug qulgrh cgokrhr sus rgahblkngs bkn aks fgcès y bkn unk
clsck.
 

 
Lrvln F. \hakc
 

Ga fkn fg ah tgrhplh
 

Vrhfubblòn fg Okreg Rhavgttl

 

Gflblkngs Fgstlnk  Bkagbblòn Lchek Cunfl Ykaucgn

 

:<0
 

 H Chrlayn, un hach hiãn

furhntg cès fg blnbugnth høks,
... y ah bugnth hÿn sleug
 

LNVZKFWBBLÒN
 

 Gstè ksburk. Aagek h su bknsuatkrlk, pgrk h ustgf nk pugfk gnbkntrhrak. Ru

bknsuatkrlk gstè vhbãk. Gntrk y clrk hargfgfkr. Ak ÿnlbk qug dhy gs su
skcjrgrk Phnhcè. \ gstè bujlgrtk fg tgahrhøhs.
Aks sugøks fg cls phblgntgs dhn bhcjlhfk. Ahs tgahrhøhs bujrgn cl
skcjrgrk. Cl bknsuatkrlk gstè ksburk y fgslgrtk. Nk cg gnbugntrhn pkr
nlneÿn ahfk.
Cls phblgntgs sg prgkbuphn pkr cl shauf? »gsthrì hquã ak suilblgntg bkck
phrh hbkcphøhraks furhntg ga ahrek tlgcpk qug supkng unh tgrhplh; Buhnfk
shaek fg vhbhblkngs tgcgn qug ohcès vugavh. Rg lchelnhn qug hslstgn h cl
iungrha k qug vlslthn cl tucjh.
Cls phblgntgs nk cg fgohn kavlfhr qug gnvgogzbk. Pgrk sòak bucpagn bkn
su bkcgtlfk? »nk ags dg pgflfk qug cugstrgn sus sgntlclgntks, sus
pgnshclgntks y sus sugøks; Lnbausk aks phblgntgs pktgnblhags sg ungn ha bkrk
y, fg chngrh lnihaljag, cg shaufhn bkn ah prgeunth? «»Vkfhvãh hbgpth
phblgntgs;½.
Wnk fg nugstrks prlnblphags ckfks fg ngehr ah cugrtg gs ah brggnblh gn ah
bknflblòn gspgblha fg ah prkplh pgrsknh, ah bknvlbblòn fg qug gsthcks
gxgntks fg ah ngbgslfhf jlkaòelbh y fg qug ah vlfh nk nks trhthrè bkn ah
clsch furgzh bkn qug trhth h aks fgcès. Zgbugrfk unh vlslth qug dlbg h un
kptkcgtrlsth, dhbg cubdks høks, fgjlfk h un gcpgkrhclgntk fg cl vlslòn.
Cg prgeuntò cl gfhf y augek rgspknflò? «Buhrgnth y kbdk, »gd; Rã, ¡vh oustk
bkn ga brknkerhch!½.
Pkr supugstk, bknsblgntgcgntg, shjãh qug tgnãh rhzòn, pgrk fgsfg ga iknfk
 

fg cl sgr sg hazò un erltk? «¡»Xuì brknkerhch;! ¡»Xulìn trhjhoh bkn

brknkerhchs;! Cg phrgbg cuy jlgn qug ustgf y aks fgcès slehn un
brknkerhch, pgrk fgsfg augek yk nk½.
\ pkr gsk cg lntlclfh fhrcg bugnth fg qug gstky gntrhnfk gn un pgrãkfk
thrfãk y jlgn fgilnlfk fg ah vlfh. Cls cgths, lntgrgsgs y hcjlblkngs gstèn
bhcjlhnfk fg unh chngrh prgfgbljag. Grlm Grlmskn, gn su gstuflk skjrg ga
blbak fg ah vlfh, fgslenò gsth gthph thrfãh fg ah vlfh bkck egngrhtlvlfhf, unh
grh pksnhrblslsth gn ah qug ah htgnblòn phsh fg ah gxphnslòn fg unk clsck ha
bulfhfk y ah prgkbuphblòn pkr ahs egngrhblkngs sleulgntgs.
Hdkrh, ha aagehr h aks sgtgnth, pugfk hprgblhr ah bahrlfhf fg su vlslòn. Ru
bknbgptk fg ah egngrhtlvlfhf cg herhfh. Xulgrk phshr h aks ktrks ak qug dg
hprgnflfk. \ buhntk hntgs. Pgrk kirgbgr bknsgok g lnsplrhblòn h ah sleulgntg
egngrhblòn fg pslbktgrhpguths gs prkjagcètlbk gn gxbgsk dky gn fãh fgjlfk h
ah erhn brlsls gn ah qug sg gnbugntrh nugstrh prkigslòn. Wn slstgch fg shauf
egstlknhfk sgeÿn rhzkngs gbknòclbhs lcpkng unh ckflilbhblòn rhflbha fg
aks trhthclgntks pslbkaòelbks, y ah pslbktgrhplh hdkrh gstè kjalehfh h
ckfgrnlzhrsg ‖gs fgblr, h sgr hntg tkfk gbknòclbh y pkr gnfg
ngbgshrlhcgntg jrgvg, supgrilblha g lnsusthnblha.
Cg prgkbuph fònfg pkfrè ikrchrsg ah sleulgntg egngrhblòn fg
pslbktgrhpguths. Nk gn aks prkerhchs fg ikrchblòn fg ahs rgslfgnblhs gn
pslqulhtrãh. Ah pslqulhtrãh gstè cuy bgrbh fg hjhnfknhr ga bhcpk fg ah
pslbktgrhplh. Aks oòvgngs pslqulhtrhs gstèn kjalehfks h gspgblhalzhrsg gn
pslbkihrchbkakeãh pkrqug qulgngs phehn pkr aks trhthclgntks hdkrh
rggcjkashn aks ehstks fg unh pslbktgrhplh sòak sl ah kirgbgn prhbtlbhntgs qug
gxlohn rgcungrhblkngs jhohs pkr su trhjhok (gs fgblr, hqugaaks qug tlgngn
cgnks ikrchblòn). Phrgbg un dgbdk blgrtk qug ah prgsgntg egngrhblòn fg
pslqulhtrhs baãnlbks, gspgblhalzhfks thntk gn pslbktgrhplh flnèclbh bkck gn
trhthclgntk ihrchbkaòelbk, gs unh gspgblg gn pgalerk fg gxtlnblòn.
»\ quì sg pugfg fgblr fg aks prkerhchs fg ikrchblòn gn pslbkakeãh
baãnlbh, ah gagbblòn aòelbh phrh aagnhr gsh jrgbdh; Pkr fgserhblh, aks
pslbòakeks baãnlbks hirknthn ahs clschs prgslkngs fg cgrbhfk, y ah chykrãh
fg ahs gsbugahs fg pslbkakeãh qug ktkrehn fkbtkrhfks gstèn rgspknflgnfk h
gshs prgslkngs gnsgøhnfk unh tgrhplh krlgnthfh ha sãntkch, jrgvg y, pkr ak
 

thntk, rggcjkashjag.
Fg ckfk qug cg prgkbupk pkr ah pslbktgrhplh? bòck pugfg fgikrchrsg
pkr prgslkngs gbknòclbhs y gcpkjrgbgrsg bkn prkerhchs fg ikrchblòn
hjrgvlhfks fg chngrh rhflbha. Nk kjsthntg, tgnek ig gn qug gn ga iuturk unh
egngrhblòn fg tgrhpguths prkvgnlgntgs fg unh vhrlgfhf fg flsblpalnhs
gfubhblknhags (pslbòakeks, bkunsgakrs, trhjhohfkrgs skblhags, bknsgogrks
phstkrhags, ilaòskiks baãnlbks) bkntlnuhrèn bknsherènfksg h unh rleurksh
ikrchblòn fg pkserhfk g, lnbausk, gn cgflk fg ah ilgjrg fg ah cgflblnh fg
phek, gnbkntrhrèn phblgntgs fgsgksks fg un brgblclgntk y un bhcjlk
prkiunfks y flspugstks h rghalzhr un bkcprkclsk fg ilnha hjlgrtk bkn ah
tgrhplh. Gs phrh gstks tgrhpguths y phrh gstks phblgntgs qug gsbrljk  Ga fkn fg
ah tgrhplh.
H ak ahrek fg gsths pèelnhs prgvgnek h aks gstuflhntgs gn bkntrh fga
sgbthrlsck y ags hbknsgok un paurhalsck tgrhpìutlbk gn ga qug sg gxtrhgn
lntgrvgnblkngs gilbhbgs fg vhrlks gnikqugs fg tgrhplh fligrgntgs. Rln
gcjhrek, pgrsknhacgntg trhjhok, gn su chykr phrtg, fgsfg un chrbk fg
rgigrgnblh lntgrpgrsknha y gxlstgnblha. Fg hdã qug ah chykrãh fg aks bknsgoks
sleulgntgs prkvgnehn fg unh u ktrh fg gsths pgrspgbtlvhs.
Fgsfg qug gntrì pkr prlcgrh vgz gn ga bhcpk fg ah pslqulhtrãh, slgcprg
tuvg fks lntgrgsgs bknsthntgs? ah tgrhplh fg erupk y ah tgrhplh gxlstgnblha.
Gstks lntgrgsgs skn phrhagaks pgrk lnfgpgnflgntgs, nk prhbtlbk «tgrhplh erupha
gxlstgnblha½= fg dgbdk, nk sì quì pkfrãh sgr tha bksh. Ahs fks ckfhalfhfgs skn
fligrgntgs, nk sòak h bhush fga ikrchtk (gs fgblr, un erupk fg sgls h nugvg
clgcjrks irgntg h ah sltuhblòn fg unk h unk phrh ah tgrhplh gxlstgnblha), slnk
thcjlìn fg su chrbk fg rgigrgnblh iunfhcgntha. Buhnfk vgk phblgntgs gn ah
tgrhplh erupha trhjhok fgsfg un chrbk fg rgigrgnblh lntgrpgrsknha y phrtk fg ah
supkslblòn fg qug aks phblgntgs bhgn gn ah fgsgspgrhblòn fgjlfk h su
lnbhphblfhf phrh fgshrrkaahr y chntgngr rgahblkngs lntgrpgrsknhags
erhtlilbhntgs.
Rln gcjhrek, buhnfk kpgrk fgsfg un chrbk gxlstgnblha fg rgigrgnblh,
phrtk fg unh supkslblòn cuy flstlnth? aks phblgntgs bhgn gn ah fgsgspgrhblòn
bkck rgsuathfk fg unh bknirknthblòn bkn aks dgbdks brugags fg ah bknflblòn
duchnh, ahs bknflblkngs k aks «fhtks½ fg ah gxlstgnblh. Fhfk qug cubdhs fg
 

ahs prkpugsths fg gstg aljrk suregn fg un chrbk gxlstgnblha qug qulzè

fgsbknkzbhn cubdks agbtkrgs, bkrrgspknfg dhbgr unh jrgvg lntrkfubblòn.
Fgilnlblòn fg pslbktgrhplh gxlstgnblha?  Ah pslbktgrhplh gxlstgnblha gs un
gnikqug tgrhpìutlbk flnèclbk qug sg bgntrh gn prkjagcètlbhs qug tlgngn sus
rhãbgs gn ah gxlstgnblh.
Pgrcãthncg hcpalhr gsth bknblsh fgilnlblòn bahrlilbhnfk ga tìrclnk
gnikqug flnèclbk. Ga tìrclnk flnèclbk tlgng thntk un sgntlfk vuaehr bkck
unk tìbnlbk. Ga sgntlfk cès prkshlbk fg flnèclbk (fgrlvhfk fga vgrjk gn
erlgek fynhstdhl, «tgngr iugrzh k pkfgr½) y qug lcpalbh ah pksgslòn fg
gngreãh k vlthalfhf (pkr gogcpak, buhnfk gn lneaìs fgblcks un fynhck, un
bkrrgfkr gnìrelbk fg iÿtjka k un pktgntg krhfkr pkaãtlbk) gs gvlfgntg qug nk
rgsuath rgagvhntg phrh gsth fgilnlblòn. Pgrk, sl ìsg iugsg ga sgntlfk hpalbhfk h
nugstrh prkigslòn, gntknbgs »quì tgrhpguth hilrchrãh nk sgr flnèclbk;= k, gn
ktrhs phahjrhs, »qulìn hilrchrãh sgr un tgrhpguth pgrgzksk k lngrtg;
Nk, yk utlalzk ga tìrclnk flnèclbk  gn su sgntlfk tìbnlbk, qug rgtlgng ah
lfgh fg iugrzh, pgrk gnrhlzhfk gn ga ckfgak fga iunblknhclgntk cgntha
prkpugstk pkr Irguf, qug pkstuah qug iugrzhs gn bknialbtk gn ga lntgrlkr fga
lnflvlfuk egngrhn sus pgnshclgntks, sus gckblkngs y su bkcpkrthclgntk.
Hfgcès ‖y ìstg gs un puntk brublha‖, gsths iugrzhs gn bknialbtk gxlstgn gn
flstlntks nlvgags fg bknblgnblh= fg dgbdk, haeunhs skn bkcpagthcgntg
lnbknsblgntgs.
Fg ckfk qug ah pslbktgrhplh gxlstgnblha gs unh tgrhplh flnèclbh qug,
bkck ahs flstlnths tgrhplhs pslbkhnhaãtlbhs, phrtg fga supugstk fg qug ahs
iugrzhs lnbknsblgntgs lniauygn gn ga iunblknhclgntk bknsblgntg. Rln gcjhrek,
sg hphrth fg ahs flstlnths lfgkakeãhs pslbkhnhaãtlbhs buhnfk ikrcuahcks ah
sleulgntg prgeunth? »buèa gs ah nhturhagzh fg ahs iugrzhs lntgrnhs gn bknialbtk;
Ga gnikqug fg ah pslbktgrhplh gxlstgnblha pkstuah qug ga bknialbtk lntgrlkr
qug nks htkrcgnth sureg nk sòak fg nugstrh aubdh bkn iugrzhs lnstlntlvhs
rgprlclfhs, bkn ileurhs hfuaths slenlilbhtlvhs qug tgngcks lntgrlkrlzhfhs k
bkn irhecgntks fg rgbugrfks trhucètlbks, slnk thcjlìn fg nugstrh
bknirknthblòn bkn aks dgbdks fg ah gxlstgnblh.
»\ buèags skn gstks dgbdks fg ah gxlstgnblh; Rl nks pgrcltlcks fgohr h un
ahfk k pkngr gntrg phrìntgsls ahs prgkbuphblkngs bktlflhnhs fg ah vlfh y
 

rgiagxlknhr h iknfk skjrg nugstrh sltuhblòn gn ga cunfk, gs lngvlthjag qug

aageugcks h ahs gstrubturhs cès iunfhcgnthags fg ah gxlstgnblh (h ahs
bugstlkngs k «prgkbuphblkngs ÿatlchs½, phrh utlalzhr aks tìrclnks fga tgòakek
Phua Vlaalbd). Buhtrk bugstlkngs ÿatlchs, h cl phrgbgr, skn gspgblhacgntg
rgagvhntgs phrh ah pslbktgrhplh? ah cugrtg, ga hlsahclgntk, ga sgntlfk fg ah vlfh
y ah aljgrthf. (Bhfh unh fg gsths bugstlkngs ÿatlchs sgrè fgilnlfh y flsbutlfh
gn unh sgbblòn gspgblha.)
H cgnufk, aks gstuflhntgs cg dhn prgeunthfk pkr quì nk hjkek pkr
prkerhchs fg ikrchblòn gn pslbktgrhplh gxlstgnblha. Ah rhzòn gs qug nunbh
dg bknslfgrhfk h ah pslbktgrhplh gxlstgnblha bkck unh gsbugah lfgkaòelbh
sgphrhfh g lnfgpgnflgntg. Gn vgz fg lntgnthr fgshrrkaahr unh ikrchblòn
burrlbuahr gn pslbktgrhplh gxlstgnblha, prgilgrk bkcpagcgnthr ah gfubhblòn fg
tkfks aks tgrhpguths flnèclbks bkn unh jugnh ikrchblòn, lnbrgcgnthnfk su
sgnsljlalfhf phrh aks tgchs gxlstgnblhags.
 Prkbgsk y bkntgnlfk. »Bòck gs gn ah prèbtlbh ah tgrhplh gxlstgnblha; Phrh
rgspknfgr h gsh prgeunth sg fgjg tgngr gn bugnth thntk ga bkntgnlfk bkck ga
rkbgsk, aks fks hspgbtks iunfhcgnthags fga flsbursk tgrhpìutlbk. Ga
bkntgnlfk gs ak qug ga tìrclnk clsck lnflbh? ahs phahjrhs gxhbths qug sg
flbgn, aks tgchs susthnblhags qug sg tkbhn. Ga prkbgsk sg rgilgrg h unh
flcgnslòn gntgrhcgntg flstlnth y fg unh lcpkrthnblh gnkrcg? ah rgahblòn
lntgrpgrsknha gntrg ga phblgntg y ga tgrhpguth.
Buhnfk prgeunthcks pkr ga prkbgsk fg unh lntgrhbblòn, ak qug qugrgcks
fgblr gs? »Xuì nks flbgn ahs phahjrhs (y thcjlìn ga bkcpkrthclgntk nk
vgrjha) skjrg ah nhturhagzh fg ah rgahblòn gntrg ahs phrtgs lnvkaubrhfhs gn ah
lntgrhbblòn;
Rl haeulgn kjsgrvhrh cls sgslkngs fg tgrhplh, qulzè jusbhrãh gn vhnk
ahrehs flsbuslkngs gxpaãblths skjrg ah cugrtg, ah aljgrthf, ga slenlilbhfk fg ah
vlfh k ga hlsahclgntk gxlstgnblha. Vha bkntgnlfk gxlstgnblha qulzè sòak sgh
lcpkrthntg phrh haeunks phblgntgs (nk phrh tkfks) gn unh gthph fgtgrclnhfh
fg ah tgrhplh (nk gn tkfhs). Fg dgbdk, un tgrhpguth gilblgntg nk fgjgrãh ikrzhr
nunbh ah flsbuslòn fg nlneunh fg ahs èrghs fga bkntgnlfk?  Nk gs ah tgkrãh ah
qug fgjg eulhr ah tgrhplh, slnk ah rgahblòn .
Pgrk sl sg kjsgrvhn ahs clschs sgslkngs gn jusbh fg haeÿn prkbgsk
 

bhrhbtgrãstlbk fgrlvhfk fg unh krlgnthblòn gxlstgnblha, gntknbgs ah dlstkrlh

sgrè flstlnth pkr bkcpagtk. Wnh sgnsljlalfhf gxhbgrjhfh pkr aks tgchs
gxlstgnblhags lniauyg prkiunfhcgntg gn ah nhturhagzh fg ah rgahblòn gntrg ga
tgrhpguth y ga phblgntg y higbth bhfh unh fg ahs sgslkngs fg ah tgrhplh.
\k clsck cg skrprgnfk fg ah pgbualhr ikrch qug dh tkchfk gstg aljrk.
Nunbh pgnsì qug haeunh vgz gsbrljlrãh un aljrk qug bkntuvlgsg unh sgrlg fg
bknsgoks phrh tgrhpguths. Rln gcjhrek, ha clrhr htrès, rgbknkzbk ga ckcgntk
prgblsk fg su bknbgpblòn. Dhbg fks høks, fgspuìs fg vlslthr aks ohrflngs
hpkngsgs Duntlnetkn, gn Phshfgnh, vl qug gn ah jljalktgbh dhjãh unh
gxdljlblòn skjrg aks aljrks fga Zgnhblclgntk cès vgnflfks gn Erhn Jrgthøh y
cg fl unh vugath. Vrgs fg aks flgz vkaÿcgngs gxdljlfks grhn aljrks alsthfks
jhok ga ròtuak fg BKNRGOKR? skjrg brãh fg hnlchags, bksturh y ohrflngrãh. Cg
skrprgnflò qug lnbausk gntknbgs, blgntks fg høks hntgs, oustk fgspuìs fg ah
lnvgnblòn fg ah lcprgnth, unh alsth fg bknsgoks htrhogsg ah htgnblòn fg ahs
cuatltufgs.
Dhbg høks dhjaì bkn unh gsbrltkrh qug, trhs dhjgr irhbhshfk gn ah gsbrlturh
fg fks aljrks bknsgbutlvks, fgblflò nk vkavgr h gsbrljlr nlneÿn ktrk dhsth qug
hphrgblgsg unh lfgh fg un aljrk qug «ag ckrflgsg ga trhsgrk½ fg vgrfhf. Cg rgã
fga bkcgnthrlk, pgrk nk bkcprgnfã rghacgntg h quì sg rgigrãh gaah dhsth gsg
ckcgntk gn ah Jljalktgbh Duntlnetkn buhnfk ah lfgh fg gsbrljlr un aljrk fg
bknsgoks «cg ckrflò ga trhsgrk½. Fg lncgflhtk, fgblfã pkstgrehr ktrks
prkygbtks altgrhrlks, bkcgnzhr h rgvlshr cls nkths baãnlbhs y gsbrljlr unh bhrth
hjlgrth h aks tgrhpguths prlnblplhntgs.
Ga ihnthsch fg Zhlngr Chrlh Zlamg gstuvk rknfhnfk furhntg ah gsbrlturh
fg gstg aljrk. Pkbk hntgs fg cl gxpgrlgnblh gn ah Jljalktgbh Duntlnetkn, dhjãh
rgagãfk su Bhrths h un okvgn pkgth y fg ikrch bknsblgntg dhjãh lntgnthfk
gagvhrcg h su gstènfhr fg dkngstlfhf, hcpaltuf y egngrkslfhf fg gspãrltu.
Aks bknsgoks fg gstg aljrk iugrkn gxtrhãfks fg nkths fg buhrgnth y blnbk
høks fg prèbtlbh. Gs unh cìahneg lflkslnbrèslbh fg lfghs y tìbnlbhs qug cg
rgsuathrkn ÿtlags gn ga gogrblblk fg cl prkigslòn. Gsths lfghs skn thn
pgrsknhags, thn gcpgblnhfhcgntg sujogtlvhs y gn kbhslkngs thn krlelnhags qug
gs lcprkjhjag qug ga agbtkr ahs gnbugntrg gn ktrh phrtg. Pkr gsk, gstg aljrk nk
lntgnth sgr un chnuha slstgcètlbk= prgtgnfk, pkr ga bkntrhrlk, qug slrvh bkck
 

un supagcgntk h un prkerhch fg ikrchblòn hjhrbhfkr. Rgagbblknì ahs kbdgnth

y blnbk bhtgekrãhs qug bkntlgng gstg vkaucgn ha hzhr, eulhfk cès pkr ah
phslòn qug slgntk pkr cl trhjhok qug pkr buhaqulgr krfgn k slstgch gn
phrtlbuahr. Bkcgnbì bkn unh alsth fg cès fg fksblgntks bknsgoks y ha ilnha
fgsbhrtì tkfks hqugaaks qug nk cg gntuslhschjhn.
Ktrk ihbtkr cès lniauyò gn cl sgagbblòn fg gstks kbdgnth y blnbk puntks.
Cls nkvgahs y bugntks rgblgntgs bkntlgngn fgsbrlpblkngs fg prkbgflclgntks
tgrhpìutlbks qug cg dhn rgsuathfk ÿtlags gn ga trhjhok baãnlbk, pgrk, fhfk qug
cl ilbblòn tlgng un tknk bòclbk y h cgnufk juragsbk, nk qugfh bahrk phrh
cubdks agbtkrgs sl dhjak gn sgrlk hbgrbh fg aks prkbgflclgntks tgrhpìutlbks
qug haaã fgsbrljk.  Ga fkn fg ah tgrhplh cg kirgbg ah kpkrtunlfhf fg pkngr ahs
bkshs gn bahrk.
Bkck sg trhth fg unh bkagbblòn jèslbh fg lntgrvgnblkngs k hilrchblkngs
ihvkrlths, gstg aljrk gs ahrek gn tìbnlbh y bkrtk gn tgkrãh. H aks agbtkrgs qug
jusqugn cès iunfhcgntk tgòrlbk tha vgz ags herhfg aggr cls tgxtks
 Pslbktgrhplh gxlstgnblha y Vgkrãh y prèbtlbh fg ah pslbktgrhplh fg erupk, aks
aljrks chfrg fg gstg trhjhok. Dhjlìnfkcg ikrchfk gn cgflblnh y pslqulhtrãh,
cg dg dhjltuhfk ha tìrclnk  phblgntg (fga ahtãn  phtlgns? ga qug suirg k
skpkrth), pgrk ak utlalzk bkck slnònlck fg balgntg,* ah hpgahblòn bkcÿn fg ah
trhflblòn pslbkaòelbh y fg bkunsgalne. Phrh haeunks, ga tìrclnk  phblgntg
suelgrg unh pksturh tgrhpìutlbh hutkrlthrlh, fgsbkcprkcgtlfh, fgslntgrgshfh y
hatlvh. Pgrk slehn agygnfk? cl prkpòsltk gs hagnthr tkfk ga tlgcpk unh rgahblòn
tgrhpìutlbh jhshfh gn ga bkcprkclsk, ah hpgrturh y ah leuhafhf.
Cubdks aljrks, ga cãk lnbaulfk, bknslstgn gn un nÿcgrk alclthfk fg
puntks iunfhcgnthags y augek jhsthntg rgaagnk qug bkngbth aks puntks fg unh
chngrh gagehntg. Bkck dg sgagbblknhfk un erhn nÿcgrk fg suegrgnblhs,
cubdhs lnfgpgnflgntgs, y dg hergehfk pkbk rgaagnk y trhnslblkngs, ah agbturh
fga tgxtk rgsuathrè ngbgshrlhcgntg gplsòflbh y haek gntrgbkrthfh.
Hunqug gsbkeã gsth sgagbblòn ha hzhr, y gspgrk qug aks agbtkrgs bhtgn gsths
prkpugsths fg unh chngrh hslstgcètlbh, dg trhthfk h pkstgrlkrl fg heruphrahs
fg un ckfk qug ihvkrgzbh su agbturh.
Ah prlcgrh sgbblòn (bhpãtuaks fga 8 ha 60) gstè fgflbhfh h ah nhturhagzh fg
ah rgahblòn gntrg ga tgrhpguth y ga phblgntg, bkn un ìnihsls phrtlbuahr gn ga
 

hpgrturh ** f
«hquã y hdkrh½, ga usk qug dhbg fg sã clsck ga tgrhpguth y ah hpgrturh**  fga
ga
tgrhpguth.
Ah sleulgntg sgbblòn (bhpãtuaks fga 68 ha 78) phsh fga prkbgsk ha bkntgnlfk
y suelgrg cìtkfks phrh gxpakrhr ahs bugstlkngs ÿatlchs fg ah cugrtg, ga
slenlilbhfk fg ah vlfh y ah aljgrthf (lnbauygnfk ah rgspknshjlalfhf y ah
fgblslòn).
Ah tgrbgrh sgbblòn (bhpãtuaks fga 7: ha 59) hjkrfh unh vhrlgfhf fg tgchs
qug suregn furhntg ah bknfubblòn bktlflhnh fg unh tgrhplh.
Gn ah buhrth sgbblòn (bhpãtuaks fga 55 ha 42) hjkrfk ah utlalzhblòn fg aks
sugøks gn ah tgrhplh.
Ah sgbblòn ilnha (bhpãtuaks fga 46 ha 47) flsbutg aks kjstèbuaks y aks
prlvlagelks fg sgr un tgrhpguth.
Ga tgxtk gstè shaplbhfk bkn cubdhs fg cls irhsgs g lntgrvgnblkngs
ihvkrlths. Ha clsck tlgcpk trhtk fg hagnthr ah gspknthnglfhf y ah brghtlvlfhf.
Pkr ak thntk, nk bknslfgrg cls lntgrvgnblkngs lflkslnbrèslbhs bkck ah rgbgth
fg un prkbgflclgntk gspgbãilbk= rgprgsgnthn cl prkplk gstlak y cl prkplh vkz.
Cubdks gstuflhntgs gnbkntrhrèn qug ktrhs pksturhs tgòrlbhs y ktrks gstlaks
tìbnlbks skn cès bkcphtljags bkn gaaks. Aks bknsgoks fg gstg aljrk fgrlvhn fg
cl prèbtlbh baãnlbh bkn phblgntgs fg iunblknhclgntk hatk k ckfgrhfk (cès
qug bkn hqugaaks qug skn pslbòtlbks k chrbhfhcgntg flsbhphblthfks) gn
rgunlkngs fg unh vgz k, cgnks bkcÿncgntg, fks k trgs vgbgs pkr sgchnh
furhntg unks cgsgs k dhsth fks k trgs høks. Cls cgths tgrhpìutlbhs bkn gstks
phblgntgs skn hcjlblkshs? hfgcès fg ah fgshphrlblòn fga sãntkch y ga halvlk
fga fkakr, lntgntk ihblalthr ga brgblclgntk pgrsknha y un bhcjlk jèslbk fg
bhrèbtgr. Rì qug cubdks fg aks agbtkrgs pugfgn tgngr unh sltuhblòn baãnlbh
fligrgntg, un gntkrnk flstlntk bkn unh pkjahblòn fg phblgntgs fligrgntg y unh
furhblòn cès jrgvg fg ahs tgrhplhs. Rln gcjhrek, gspgrk qug aks agbtkrgs
gnbugntrgn sus prkplhs ikrchs brghtlvhs fg hfhpthr y hpalbhr ak qug dg
hprgnflfk h su phrtlbuahr sltuhblòn fg trhjhok.
 

BHPÃVWAK 8
XWLVG AKR KJRVÈBWAKR HA
BZGBLCLGNVK
 

Buhnfk grh un okvgn gstuflhntg fg pslbktgrhplh y trhthjh fg gnbkntrhr cl

bhclnk gn gsks gstuflks, ga aljrk qug agã qug cg rgsuatò cès ÿtla iug  Ngurksls
 chfurgz, fg Mhrgn Dkrngy. \ ga bknbgptk cès sgnblaak y ÿtla fg gsg aljrk
grh ah nkblòn fg qug ga sgr duchnk tlgng unh prkpgnslòn lnnhth dhblh ah
hutkrrghalzhblòn. Rl sg qulthn aks kjstèbuaks, brgãh Dkrngy, ga lnflvlfuk sg
fgshrrkaahrè dhsth bknvgrtlrsg gn un hfuatk pagnhcgntg rghalzhfk, fga clsck
ckfk qug unh jgaakth sg fgshrrkaahrè dhsth bknvgrtlrsg gn un rkjag.
«Fga clsck ckfk qug unh jgaakth sg fgshrrkaahrè dhsth bknvgrtlrsg gn un
rkjag...½ ¡Xuì lchegn thn chrhvlaaksh y aljgrhfkrh! Bhcjlò phrh slgcprg cl
gnikqug fg ah tgrhplh, kirgblìnfkcg unh nugvh vlslòn fg cl trhjhok? cl thrgh
grh qulthr aks kjstèbuaks qug jakqughjhn ga bhclnk fga phblgntg. \k nk tgnãh
qug dhbgr tkfk ga trhjhok= nk tgnãh qug lnsuiahr gn ga phblgntg ga fgsgk fg
brgbgr, ah burlkslfhf, ah vkaunthf, ga bgak pkr ah vlfh, ga bulfhfk, ah aghathf k
unh clrãhfh fg bhrhbtgrãstlbhs qug nks vugavgn duchnks fg unh chngrh tktha.
Nk, ak qug tgnãh qug dhbgr grh lfgntlilbhr y qulthr kjstèbuaks. Ga rgstk sgeulrãh
sge ulrãh
fg ikrch hutkcètlbh, halcgnthfk pkr ahs iugrzhs lntgrlkrgs fg hutkrrghalzhblòn
fga phblgntg.
Zgbugrfk h unh okvgn vlufh bkn, bkck gaah clsch fgbãh, un «bkrhzòn
ihaalfk½? unh lnbhphblfhf phrh vkavgr h hchr ktrh vgz gn su vlfh. Cg
 

rgsuathjh lntlclfhntg hjkrfhr ah lnbhphblfhf fg hchr. Nk shjãh bòck dhbgrak.

Pgrk cg fgflquì h lfgntlilbhr y h hrrhnbhr fg rhãz sus cubdks jakqugks phrh
hchr, y akerì dhbgrak.
Prkntk supg qug gaah sgntãh ga hckr bkck unh trhlblòn. Hchr h ktrk grh
trhlblknhr h su gspksk cugrtk= sgntãh qug grh bkck fhr aks ÿatlcks chrtlaahzks
h aks bahvks fga hthÿf fg su chrlfk. Hchr h ktrk thn prkiunfhcgntg bkck
hchjh h su chrlfk (y nk sg bknikrchrãh bkn cgnks) slenlilbhjh qug ga hckr
pkr su chrlfk dhjãh slfk fg haeÿn ckfk lnsuilblgntg k lcpgrigbtk. Hchr h
ktrk sgrãh hutkfgstrubtlvk pkrqug ah pìrflfh y ga fkakr fg ah pìrflfh grhn
lngvlthjags. Rgntãh qug hchr h ktrk grh unh lrrgspknshjlalfhf? gaah grh chah y
trhãh chah sugrtg, y su jgsk grh ga jgsk fg ah cugrtg. Vrhjhohcks furk furhntg
cgsgs phrh lfgntlilbhr tkfks gstks kjstèbuaks phrh hchr h ktrk dkcjrg.
Furhntg cgsgs aubdhcks, unk h unk, bkn bhfh kjstèbuak lrrhblknha. Pgrk unh
vgz qug ak dlblcks, aks prkbgsks lntgrnks fg ah phblgntg tkchrkn ga bkntrka?
bknkblò h un dkcjrg, sg gnhckrò y vkavlò h bhshrsg. Nk tuvg qug gnsgøhrag h
jusbhr, h fhr, h jrlnfhr bhrløk y h hchr= nk dhjrãh shjlfk bòck dhbgrak. Wnhs
pkbhs phahjrhs skjrg Mhrgn Dkrngy? su nkcjrg gs fgsbknkblfk phrh ah
chykrãh fg aks oòvgngs tgrhpguths. Bkck ah vlfh ÿtla fg nugstrks tgòrlbks cès
gclngntgs sg dh vugatk thn bkrth, bhgrì, fg vgz gn buhnfk, gn ah
rgclnlsbgnblh, sòak phrh gnihtlzhr ga dgbdk fg qug nugstrk bhcpk tlgng unh
ahreh dlstkrlh fg bkntrljuygntgs nkthjagcgntg bhphbgs qug dhn sgnthfk jhsgs
prkiunfhs phrh nugstrk hbtuha trhjhok tgrhpìutlbk.
Wnh bkntrljublòn gxbauslvhcgntg nkrtghcgrlbhnh h ah tgkrãh
pslbkflnèclbh gstè rgprgsgnthfh pkr ga ckvlclgntk «ngkirguflhnk½, un erupk
fg baãnlbks y tgòrlbks qug rghbblknhrkn bkntrh ah bknbgpblòn krlelnha fg
Irguf fg unh tgkrãh puaslknha, gs fgblr, ah nkblòn fg qug ga fgshrrkaak fga
lnflvlfuk gstè bkntrkahfk gn erhn phrtg pkr ga fgspalgeug y ah gxprgslòn fg
puaslkngs lnnhths.
Pkr ga bkntrhrlk, aks ngkirguflhnks dlblgrkn dlnbhplì gn qug tkcèrhcks
gn bugnth ah vhsth lniaugnblh fga gntkrnk lntgrpgrsknha qug gnvugavg ha
lnflvlfuk y qug h ak ahrek fg tkfh ah vlfh ckafgh ah gstrubturh fga bhrèbtgr.
Aks tgòrlbks lntgrpgrsknhags cès bknkblfks, Dhrry Rthbm Ruaalvhn, Grlbd
Irkcc y Mhrgn Dkrngy, dhn slfk lntgerhfks y hslclahfks fg un ckfk thn
 

prkiunfk h nugstrh prèbtlbh y h nugstrk agneuhog tgrhpìutlbks qug tkfks

skcks, sln shjgrak, ngkirguflhnks. Gstk nks rgbugrfh h cknslgur Okurfhln gn
 Ga jureuìs egntladkcjrg, fg Ckalärg, qulgn, trhs hprgnfgr ah fgilnlblòn fg
rksh, hilrch chrhvlaahfk? «Pgnshr qug tkfh cl vlfh dg dhjahfk gn prksh sln
shjgrak½.
 

BHPÃVWAK :
GYLVG GA FLHENÒRVLBK
(gxbgptk phrh ahs bkcphøãhs fg sgeurks)
 

Dky gn fãh, aks gstuflhntgs fg pslbktgrhplh gstèn gxpugstks h un ìnihsls

gxhegrhfk gn ga flhenòstlbk. Aks hfclnlstrhfkrgs fg aks sgrvlblks fg shauf
gxlegn qug aks tgrhpguths aageugn bkn rhplfgz h un flhenòstlbk prgblsk y
augek prkslehn bkn un pahn fg tgrhplh jrgvg y puntuha qug sg houstg h gsg
flhenòstlbk phrtlbuahr. Rugnh jlgn. Rugnh aòelbk y gilblgntg. Pgrk tlgng cuy
pkbk qug vgr bkn ah rghalfhf. Zgprgsgnth, pkr ga bkntrhrlk, un lntgntk lauskrlk
fg egngrhr cgflhntg unh agy ah prgblslòn blgntãilbh buhnfk nk rgsuath pksljag
nl fgsghjag.
Hunqug ga flhenòstlbk gs lnflsbutljagcgntg brãtlbk phrh ah bknslfgrhblòn
fg trhthclgntks gn cubdhs bknflblkngs erhvgs bkn un sustrhtk jlkaòelbk (pkr
gogcpak, gsqulzkirgnlh, fgsòrfgngs jlpkahrgs, fgsòrfgngs higbtlvks erhvgs,
gplagpslh fga aòjuak tgcpkrha, tkxlblfhf pkr frkehs, gnigrcgfhfgs kreènlbhs
k bgrgjrhags pkr tkxlnhs, bhushs fgegngrhtlvhs k hegntgs lnigbblksks), ga
flhenòstlbk h cgnufk rgsuath bkntrhprkfubgntg gn ah pslbktgrhplh bktlflhnh
fg phblgntgs nk thn sgvgrhcgntg fhøhfks.
»Pkr quì; Phrh gcpgzhr, ah pslbktgrhplh bknslstg gn un prkbgsk fg
fgshrrkaak erhfuha gn ga qug ga tgrhpguth lntgnth bknkbgr ha phblgntg fg ah
chngrh cès bkcpagth pksljag. Wn flhenòstlbk alclth ah vlslòn= flsclnuyg ah
dhjlalfhf fg rgahblknhrsg bkn ga ktrk bkck pgrsknh. Wnh vgz qug dgcks
 

rghalzhfk un flhenòstlbk, tgnfgcks h fgshtgnfgr fg ikrch sgagbtlvh hspgbtks

fga phblgntg qug nk gnbhohn bkn gsg flhenòstlbk gn phrtlbuahr y, gn
bknsgbugnblh, prgsthcks unh htgnblòn gxhegrhfh h rhseks sutlags qug phrgbgn
bknilrchr ga flhenòstlbk lnlblha. \ ak qug gs hÿn pgkr, un flhenòstlbk pugfg
hbtuhr bkck unh prkigbãh hutkbucpalfh. Zgahblknhrsg bkn un phblgntg
tlafènfkak fg «jkrfgralng½  k fg «dlstìrlbk½ pugfg sgrvlr phrh gstlcuahr y
pgrpgtuhr gsks clscks rhseks. Gn rghalfhf, dhy unh ahreh dlstkrlh fg
lniaugnblh lhtrkeìnlbh gn ah ikrchblòn fg gntlfhfgs baãnlbhs, lnbauygnfk ah
hbtuha bkntrkvgrslh hbgrbh fga fgskrfgn fg pgrsknhalfhf cÿatlpag y aks
rgbugrfks rgprlclfks fg hjusk sgxuha. \ nk kavlfgn thcpkbk ah jhoh
bknilhjlalfhf fg ah bhtgekrãh fg fgskrfgn fg ah pgrsknhalfhf (aks clscks
phblgntgs qug h cgnufk sg gcjhrbhn gn pslbktgrhplhs cès ahrehs).
»\ quì tgrhpguth nk sg dh skrprgnflfk fg ak ièbla qug gs dhbgr un
flhenòstlbk trhs ah prlcgrh gntrgvlsth gn bkcphrhblòn bkn cubdk fgspuìs,
pkr gogcpak, trhs ah fìblch sgslòn, buhnfk shjgcks cubdk cès hbgrbh fga
lnflvlfuk; »Nk sg trhth fg unh bahsg fg blgnblh cuy gxtrhøh; Wn bkageh cãk
gxpkng gstk bkn tkfh bahrlfhf h sus rgslfgntgs gn pslqulhtrãh prgeuntènfkags?
«Rl ustgfgs gstèn dhblgnfk pslbktgrhplh k sl gstèn pgnshnfk gn dhbgrah, »quì
vhfgcìbuc brggn qug su tgrhpguth pkfrãh ushr bkn oustlilbhblòn phrh
fgsbrljlr h pgrsknhs thn bkcpagohs bkck ustgfgs;½.
Gn ga dhbgr tgrhpìutlbk fgjgcks sgeulr unh ilnh aãngh fg un blgrtk erhfk
fg kjogtlvlfhf, pgrk nunbh fgjg sgr gxhegrhfh= sl tkchcks fgchslhfk gn
sgrlk ga slstgch fg flhenòstlbk, sl fg vgrfhf brggcks qug nks gsthcks
rlelgnfk sgeÿn agygs nhturhags, gntknbgs pkfgcks tgrclnhr pkr hcgnhzhr ah
nhturhagzh duchnh, gspkntèngh, brghtlvh g lnblgrth fg ah gcprgsh tgrhpìutlbh.
Zgbugrfgn qug aks prkigslknhags qug ikrcuahrkn aks slstgchs prgvlks fg
flhenòstlbk hdkrh fgsbhrthfks grhn thn bkcpgtgntgs, kreuaaksks g leuha fg
sgeurks qug aks hbtuhags clgcjrks fg aks bkcltìs fg aks sgrvlblks fg shauf.
Rln fufh, aagehrè un ckcgntk gn qug ga ikrchtk fg cgnÿ fg rgsthurhntg
bdlnk fg gshs bkclslkngs rgsuathrè rlfãbuak h aks prkigslknhags fg ah shauf
cgntha.
 

BHPÃVWAK 2
GA VGZHPGWVH \ GA PHBLGNVG
BKCK «BKCPHØGZKR FG YLHOG½
 

Hnfrì Charhux, ga nkvgalsth irhnbìs, fgsbrljlò, gn unk fg sus aljrks, h un burh

fg bhcpk qug dhjãh tkchfk bknigslkngs furhntg fìbhfhs y rgsuclò ak qug
dhjãh hprgnflfk skjrg ah nhturhagzh duchnh fg gstg ckfk? «Prlcgrk fg tkfk,
ah egntg gs cubdk cès lnigalz fg ak qug unk brgg..., y nk gxlstg gsk qug
aahchcks unh  pgrsknh hfuath½. Vkfks ‖y gsk lnbauyg thntk ha tgrhpguth
bkck h aks phblgntgs‖ gstèn fgstlnhfks h gxpgrlcgnthr thntk ahs hagerãhs fg
ah vlfh bkck su lngvlthjag ksburlfhf? fgslauslkngs, gnvgogblclgntk,
gnigrcgfhf, hlsahclgntk, pìrflfh, ihath fg sgntlfk, gagbblkngs fkakrkshs y
cugrtg.
Nhflg pahntgh ahs bkshs bkn cès brufgzh y cès skcjrãhcgntg qug ga
ilaòskik hagcèn Hrtdur Rbdkpgndhugr?
«Gn ah tgcprhnh ouvgntuf, ha bkntgcpahr ah vlfh qug tgngcks pkr fgahntg,
skcks bkck nløks gn un tghtrk hntgs fg qug ga tgaòn sg agvhntg, sgnthfks haaã
gn ah ksburlfhf, gntuslhschfks y hnslksks, gspgrhnfk qug ah kjrh bkclgnbg.
Gs unh jgnflblòn qug nk sgphcks ak qug vh h subgfgr gn rghalfhf. Fg pkfgr
prgvgrak, dhjrãh vgbgs gn qug aks nløks phrgbgrãhn prlslkngrks bknfgnhfks, nk
h ah cugrtg, slnk h ah vlfh, y dhsth gsg ckcgntk tkthacgntg lnbknsblgntgs fg
ak qug ah sgntgnblh slenlilbh.½
K thcjlìn?
 

«Vkfks skcks bkck bkrfgrks gn cgflk fga bhcpk, oueugtghnfk jhok ah

clrhfh fga bhrnlbgrk, qug gsbkeg h unk y augek h ktrk bkck vãbtlch. Hsã gs
bkck gn nugstrks jugnks tlgcpks lenkrhcks ga cha qug ga fgstlnk pugfg
tgngrnks rgsgrvhfk phrh ga iuturk? gnigrcgfhfgs, pkjrgzh, cutlahblkngs,
pìrflfh fg ah vlsth k ah rhzòn.½
Hunqug ga puntk fg vlsth fg Rbdkpgndhugr gstè iugrtgcgntg tgølfk pkr su
prkplh lnigalblfhf pgrsknha, gs fliãbla ngehr ah fgsgspgrhblòn lndgrgntg h ah
vlfh fg tkfk lnflvlfuk bkn bknblgnblh fg sã clsck. Cl cuogr y yk nks dgcks
flvgrtlfk h vgbgs pahnghnfk ilgsths lchelnhrlhs phrh erupks fg pgrsknhs qug
bkcphrtgn prkpgnslkngs slclahrgs ‖pkr gogcpak, unh ilgsth phrh aks
kjsgslvks, aks nhrblslsths hrflgntgs, k aks dèjlags phslvk-hergslvks qug dgcks
bknkblfk k, pkr ga bkntrhrlk, unh ilgsth «igalz½ h ah qug lnvlthcks sòak h ah
egntg vgrfhfgrhcgntg igalz qug dgcks gnbkntrhfk gn ah vlfh‖. Hunqug nk
dgcks tgnlfk nlneÿn prkjagch phrh aagnhr buhaqulgr ktrk tlpk fg cgsh fg ak
cès bhprlbdksh, ohcès puflcks krehnlzhr unh cgsh bkcpagth phrh nugstrh
ilgsth fg «egntg igalz½. Bhfh vgz qug lfgntlilbhcks unhs pkbhs pgrsknhs fg
bhrèbtgr hagerg y ahs bkakbhcks gn unh alsth fg gspgrh clgntrhs bkntlnuhcks
nugstrh jÿsqugfh phrh bkcpagthr ah cgsh, rgsuath qug unk u ktrk fg nugstrks
igalbgs duìspgfgs gs vãbtlch fg haeunh furh hfvgrslfhf fg ah vlfh, h cgnufk
unh gnigrcgfhf erhvg k ah fg un dlok k ah fg ah gspksh k ga chrlfk.
Ah vlslòn trèelbh pgrk rghalsth fg ah vlfh dh tgnlfk unh ahreh lniaugnblh gn
cl rgahblòn bkn hqugaaks qug jusbhn cl hyufh. Hunqug dhy cubdhs phahjrhs
phrh ah rgahblòn tgrhpìutlbh (phblgntg/tgrhpguth, balgntg/bknsgogrk,
hnhalzhfk/hnhalsth, balgntg/ihblalthfkr y, ah cès hbtuha ‖y fg agoks ah cès
rgpuaslvh‖, usuhrlk/prkvggfkr), nlneunh fg gsths phahjrhs trhnscltg bkn
prgblslòn ga sgntlfk qug yk ag ktkrek h ah rgahblòn tgrhpìutlbh. Pkr cl phrtg
prgilgrk pgnshr gn cls phblgntgs y gn cã clsck bkck gn bkcphøgrks fg
vlhog, un tìrclnk qug jkrrh tkfh flstlnblòn gntrg «gaaks½ (aks hialelfks) y
«nksktrks½ (aks shnhfkrgs). Furhntg cl ikrchblòn gstuvg h cgnufk gxpugstk
h ah lfgh fg un tgrhpguth bkcpagthcgntg hnhalzhfk, pgrk, h cgflfh qug iul
hvhnzhnfk h ak ahrek fg ah vlfh y gnthjaì rgahblkngs bgrbhnhs bkn cubdks fg
cls bkagehs tgrhpguths, bknkbã h ahs ileurhs fg cès trhygbtkrlh gn ga bhcpk,
iul bknvkbhfk phrh hyufhr h cls hntgrlkrgs tgrhpguths y chgstrks y, pkr
 

ÿatlck, yk clsck cg bknvgrtã gn un chgstrk y unh pgrsknh chykr, tgrclnì

pkr fhrcg bugnth fg ah nhturhagzh cãtlbh fg gsh lfgh. Gsthcks tkfks ountks gn
gstk y nk dhy tgrhpguth nl pgrsknh lncung h ahs trhegflhs lndgrgntgs h ah
gxlstgnblh.
Wnk fg cls bugntks fg burhblòn ihvkrltks, qug sg dhaah gn  Ga ougek fg aks
hjhakrlks, fg Dgrchnn Dgssg, trhth fg Oksì y Flkn, fks rgnkcjrhfks
shnhfkrgs qug vlvlgrkn gn aks tlgcpks jãjalbks. Hunqug hcjks grhn cuy
gilbhbgs, trhjhohjhn fg chngrhs cuy fligrgntgs. Ga shnhfkr cès okvgn, Oksì,
burhjh gsbubdhnfk fg un ckfk slagnblksk g lnsplrhfk. Aks pgrgerlnks
bknilhjhn gn ìa. Ga suirlclgntk y ah hnslgfhf, unh vgz qug pgngtrhjhn gn sus
kãfks, fgshphrgbãhn bkck ga heuh skjrg ah hrgnh fga fgslgrtk, y aks pgnltgntgs
sg ljhn hagergs y halvlhfks. Pkr ga bkntrhrlk, Flkn, ga ktrk shnhfkr,
bknirknthjh fg ikrch hbtlvh h qulgngs jusbhjhn su hyufh. Hflvlnhjh sus
pgbhfks lnbknigsks. Grh un erhn ougz, bhstlehjh, rgehøhjh, rgbtlilbhjh y
shnhjh h trhvìs fg unh lntgrvgnblòn hbtlvh. Vrhthjh h aks pgnltgntgs bkck h
nløks y ags fhjh bknsgok, aks bhstlehjh hslenènfkags pgnltgnblh, krfgnhjh
pgrgerlnhblkngs y chtrlcknlks y kjalehjh h aks gngcleks h dhbgr ahs phbgs.
Aks fks shnhfkrgs nunbh sg gnbkntrhrkn y trhjhohrkn bkck rlvhags
furhntg høks dhsth qug Oksì gnigrcò gsplrltuhacgntg, bhyò gn unh skcjrãh
fgsgspgrhblòn y iug hshathfk pkr lfghs fg hutkfgstrubblòn. Lnbhphz fg burhrsg
h sã clsck bkn sus prkplks cìtkfks tgrhpìutlbks, phrtlò fg vlhog dhblh ga sur
h jusbhr ah hyufh fg Flkn.
Furhntg su pgrgerlnhog, Oksì fgsbhnsò unh nkbdg gn un khsls, fknfg trhjò
bknvgrshblòn bkn ktrk vlhogrk. Buhnfk Oksì fgsbrljlò ga prkpòsltk y ga
fgstlnk fg su gxpgflblòn, ga vlhogrk sg kirgblò bkck euãh phrh hslstlrak gn ah
jÿsqugfh fg Flkn. Cès thrfg, gn cgflk fg su ahrek vlhog ountks, ga vlgok
dkcjrg rgvgaò su lfgntlfhf h Oksì.  Clrhjlag flbtu? ìa grh Flkn, ga dkcjrg qug
Oksì jusbhjh.
Rln vhblahr, Flkn lnvltò h su rlvha cès okvgn y fgsgspgrhfk h qug gntrhrh
gn su bhsh, fknfg vlvlgrkn y trhjhohrkn ountks furhntg cubdks høks. Prlcgrk,
Flkn plflò h Oksì qug iugrh su slrvlgntg. Cès thrfg ak gagvò ha rhnek fg
gstuflhntg y pkr ÿatlck ak dlzk su bkageh fg leuha ogrhrquãh. Høks fgspuìs,
Flkn gnigrcò y gn su agbdk fg cugrtg aahcò h su okvgn bkageh phrh qug kygrh
 

su bknigslòn. Dhjaò fg ah hntleuh y tgrrljag gnigrcgfhf fg Oksì y fg su vlhog

dhblh ga vlgok Flkn phrh rkehr su hyufh. Dhjaò fg bòck Oksì dhjãh sgntlfk
qug grh un claherk qug su bkcphøgrk fg vlhog y euãh rgsuathrh sgr ga clsck
Flkn.
Hdkrh qug gsthjh curlgnfk, dhjãh aagehfk ah dkrh, flok Flkn h Oksì, fg
rkcpgr ga slagnblk skjrg hquga claherk. Flkn bknigsò qug gn hquga ckcgntk
thcjlìn h ìa ag dhjãh phrgblfk un claherk, pkrqug ìa thcjlìn dhjãh bhãfk gn
ah fgsgspgrhblòn. Ìa, ha leuha qug Oksì, sg sgntãh vhbãk y gsplrltuhacgntg
cugrtk g lnbhphz fg shnhrsg pkr sus prkplks cgflks, y dhjãh gcprgnflfk un
vlhog phrh jusbhr hyufh. Ah clsch nkbdg gn qug sg dhjãhn gnbkntrhfk gn ga
khsls, ljh fg pgrgerlnhblòn dhblh ga ihcksk shnhfkr aahchfk Oksì.
Ga bugntk fg Dgssg slgcprg cg dh bknckvlfk fg unh chngrh cuy
gspgblha. Cg lcphbth gsg rgahtk thn lauclnhfkr hbgrbh fg jrlnfhr y rgbljlr
hyufh, hbgrbh fg ah dkngstlfhf y ah fupalblfhf, y hbgrbh fg ah rgahblòn gntrg ga
shnhfkr y ga phblgntg. Aks fks rgbljlgrkn unh pkfgrksh hyufh, pgrk fg
chngrh cuy fligrgntg. Ga shnhfkr cès okvgn iug brlhfk y bulfhfk, rgbljlò ahs
gnsgøhnzhs y ga hpkyk fg un phfrg. Ga ktrk shnhfkr rgbljlò ah hyufh qug
jrlnfh ga sgrvlr h ktrk, qug h su vgz jrlnfh ga hckr ilalha y ga rgspgtk fg un
flsbãpuak y ga jèashck qug rgprgsgnth phrh su skagfhf.
Pgrk hdkrh, rgbknslfgrhnfk ah dlstkrlh, cg prgeuntk sl gstks fks shnhfkrgs
dgrlfks nk pkfrãhn dhjgr slfk lnbausk cubdk cès ÿtlags ga unk phrh ga ktrk.
Xulzè fgshprkvgbdhrkn ah kpkrtunlfhf fg haek cès prkiunfk, cès hutìntlbk,
cès pkfgrkshcgntg cutuk. Xulzè ah vgrfhfgrh tgrhplh tuvk auehr gn ah gsbgnh
fga agbdk fg cugrtg, buhnfk tuvlgrkn ah dkngstlfhf fg bknigshr qug grhn
bkcphøgrks fg vlhog, hcjks slcpagcgntg duchnks, fgchslhfk duchnks. Aks
vglntg høks fg sgbrgtk, pkr cès ÿtlags qug dhyhn slfk, tha vgz kjstruygrkn g
lcplflgrkn un tlpk fg hyufh cubdk cès prkiunfk. »Xuì dhjrãh kburrlfk sl ah
bknigslòn fg Flkn gn ga agbdk fg cugrtg dujlgsg subgflfk vglntg høks hntgs,
sl ga shnhfkr y ga jusbhfkr sg dujlgsgn unlfk phrh hirknthr ountks ahs
prgeunths sln rgspugsth;
Ga gbk fg gsths bugstlkngs rgsugnh gn ahs bhrths fg Zlamg h un okvgn pkgth
gn ahs qug ag hbknsgoh? «Vgneh phblgnblh bkn tkfk ak nk rgsugatk y trhtg fg
hchr ahs prgeunths gn sã clschs½. \k hergehrãh? «Vrhtg fg hchr thcjlìn h
 

qulgngs ahs ikrcuahn½.

 

BHPÃVWAK 6
LNYKAWBZG HA PHBLGNVG
 

Wn erhn nÿcgrk fg nugstrks phblgntgs tlgngn bknialbtks gn ah gsigrh fg ah

lntlclfhf y kjtlgngn hyufh gn ah tgrhplh pkr ga cgrk dgbdk fg gxpgrlcgnthr
unh rgahblòn fg lntlclfhf bkn ga tgrhpguth. Haeunks tgcgn ah lntlclfhf
pkrqug brggn qug dhy haek jèslbhcgntg lnhbgpthjag gn gaaks, haek rgpuenhntg
g lcpgrfknhjag. Fgjlfk h gstk, ga hbtk fg hjrlrsg pkr bkcpagtk ha ktrk y
sgeulr slgnfk hbgpthfks pugfg sgr ga vgdãbuak cès lcpkrthntg fg ah hyufh
tgrhpìutlbh. Ktrks qulzè gvltgn ah lntlclfhf pkr tgckr h ah gxpakthblòn, ah
bkaknlzhblòn k ga hjhnfknk= phrh gaaks thcjlìn ah rgahblòn ãntlch y bhrløksh
qug nk tgrclnh gn unh bhtèstrkig hntlblphfh sg vugavg unh gxpgrlgnblh
gckblknha bkrrgbtlvh.
Fg haaã qug nhfh bkjrg prgbgfgnblh skjrg ga bulfhfk y ga chntgnlclgntk
fg cl rgahblòn bkn ga phblgntg, y prgstk such htgnblòn h bhfh chtlz fg bòck
nks vgcks unk ha ktrk. »Phrgbg flsthntg dky ga phblgntg; »Bkcpgtltlvk;
»Fgshtgntk h cls bkcgnthrlks; »Wtlalzh ak qug flek gn prlvhfk pgrk rgdÿsh
rgbknkbgr hjlgrthcgntg cl hyufh; »Gs gn vgrfhf gxhegrhfhcgntg
rgspgtuksk; »Kjsgbugntg; »Cuy rhrh vgz gxprgsh unh kjogblòn k un
fgshbugrfk; »Lnfligrgntg k fgsbknilhfk; »Gntrk gn sus sugøks k ihnthsãhs;
»Buèa gs ga bkntgnlfk fg ahs bknvgrshblkngs lchelnhrlhs qug tlgng bknclek;
Xulgrk shjgr tkfhs gsths bkshs y cubdhs cès. Nunbh fgok qug phsg unh
sgslòn sln qug cg prgeuntg pkr ga gsthfk fg nugstrh rgahblòn, h vgbgs bkn unh
 

slcpag irhsg bkck ìsth? «»Bòck nks gstè ygnfk dky;½, k «»Bòck
gxpgrlcgnth dky ga gsphblk gntrg ustgf y yk;½. H vgbgs ag plfk ha phblgntg
qug sg prkygbtg gn ga iuturk? «Lchelng unh cgflh dkrh h phrtlr fg hdkrh? gstè
gn ga bkbdg vkavlgnfk h su bhsh, pgnshnfk gn ah sgslòn. »Bòck sg vh h sgntlr
dky bkn rgspgbtk h ustgf clsck y h cã; »Buèags sgrèn ahs irhsgs slagnblhfhs k
ahs prgeunths nk ikrcuahfhs fg nugstrh rgahblòn dky;½.
 

BHPÃVWAK 7
JZLNFG HPK\K
 

Wnk fg aks vhakrgs iunfhcgnthags fg aagvhr h bhjk unh tgrhplh pgrsknha

lntgnslvh gs ga fg gxpgrlcgnthr pkr sã clsck ah lcpkrthnblh fg un hpkyk
pksltlvk. Prgeunth? »Xuì rgbugrfhn aks phblgntgs buhnfk rgcgckrhn, høks
cès thrfg, sus gxpgrlgnblhs gn ah tgrhplh; Zgspugsth? Nk ahs pgrbgpblkngs, nl
ahs lntgrprgthblkngs. Bhsl slgcprg ak qug cès rgbugrfhn skn aks bkcgnthrlks
fga tgrhpguth qug ag jrlnfhn un hpkyk pksltlvk.
Vgnek bkck nkrch gxprgshr rgeuahrcgntg cls pgnshclgntks y
sgntlclgntks pksltlvks hbgrbh fga phblgntg, ountk bkn un ahrek gspgbtrk fg
htrljutks= pkr gogcpak, sus hptltufgs skblhags, su burlkslfhf lntgagbtuha, su
bhalfgz, su aghathf phrh bkn aks hcleks, su bahrlfhf, su bkrhog phrh gnirgnthrsg
h aks fgcknlks lntgrnks, su fgflbhblòn ha bhcjlk, ah jugnh flspkslblòn phrh
hjrlrsg, su bhrløksh hchjlalfhf bkn sus dloks, su bkcprkclsk gn rkcpgr bkn
ga bãrbuak fga hjusk y ah fgblslòn fg nk phshr ga prkjagch h ah egngrhblòn
sleulgntg. Nk sgh gekãsth, nk tlgng nlneÿn sgntlfk= dhy un slniãn fg rhzkngs
phrh gxprgshr gsths kjsgrvhblkngs y aks sgntlclgntks pksltlvks. \ buãfgsg fg
aks bucpalfks vhnks, dheh qug ga hpkyk qug jrlnfh sgh thn lnblslvk bkck sus
rgtrkhalcgnthblkngs y sus lntgrprgthblkngs. Nk kavlfg ga erhn pkfgr qug tlgng
ga tgrhpguth, ga pkfgr qug gn phrtg prkvlgng fg dhjgrnks gntgrhfk fg aks
dgbdks, ahs ihnthsãhs y aks pgnshclgntks cès ãntlcks fg ah vlfh fg nugstrks
phblgntgs. Ah hbgpthblòn y ga hpkyk fg haeulgn qug ak bknkbg h unk fg ikrch
 

thn ãntlch skn cuy hagnthfkrgs.

Rl aks phblgntgs fhn un phsk tgrhpìutlbk lcpkrthntg qug rgqulgrg fg
cubdk vhakr, igalbãtgaks. Rl haeunh vgz dg gsthfk prkiunfhcgntg
bkcpgngtrhfk bkn ah sgslòn y dh aagehfk h su iln, flek qug kflk tgngr qug
tgrclnhr. \ (unh bknigslòn? ¡tkfks aks tgrhpguths tlgngn unh alsth fg pgqugøhs
trhnsergslkngs sgbrgths!) nk fufk gn gxprgshrak fg unh chngrh nk vgrjha,
gxtgnflìnfkcg unks clnutks.
H cgnufk, ga tgrhpguth gs ah ÿnlbh huflgnblh qug prgsgnblh erhnfgs
frhchs y hbtks fg cubdk vhakr. Vha prlvlagelk gxleg qug sg fì unh rgspugsth
ha hbtkr. Hunqug aks phblgntgs bugntgn bkn ktrks bknilfgntgs, gs lcprkjhjag
qug haeunk tgneh ah hprgblhblòn thn hjhrbhfkrh fga tgrhpguth fg blgrtks hbtks
trhsbgnfgnthags. Pkr gogcpak, dhbg høks un phblgntg, Clbdhga, nkvgalsth, cg
lnikrcò un fãh qug hbhjhjh fg bgrrhr su bhslaah fg bkrrgk sgbrgth. Furhntg
høks gsh bhslaah fg bkrrgk dhjãh slfk su cìtkfk fg bkcunlbhblòn gn unh ahreh
sgrlg fg dlstkrlhs gxtrhchtrlcknlhags bahnfgstlnhs. Fg haaã qug bgrrhr ah bhslaah
rgprgsgnthjh un hbtk trhsbgnfgntha, y bknslfgrì qug grh cl rgspknshjlalfhf
vhakrhr ga erhn bkrhog qug gsg hbtk rgqugrãh y cg phrgblò cuy lcpkrthntg nk
fgohr fg gxprgshrag cl hfclrhblòn pkr gsh hbblòn.
Wnks cgsgs cès thrfg tkfhvãh gsthjh htkrcgnthfk pkr lcèegngs
rgburrgntgs y fgsgks fg su ÿatlch hchntg. Ag jrlnfì cl hpkyk.
 ‖Clbdhga, ga tlpk fg phslòn qug ustgf gxpgrlcgntò nk sg gvhpkrh bkn
ihblalfhf. Pkr supugstk qug ga hndgak ak vh h sgeulr hsgflhnfk. Gs lngvlthjag,
gs phrtg fg su duchnlfhf.
 ‖»Xulgrg fgblr qug gs phrtg fg cl fgjlalfhf; Fgsghrãh sgr un dkcjrg fg
hbgrk y pkfgr fgohrah h un ahfk phrh slgcprg.
 ‖Dhy un nkcjrg phrh gsh bahsg fg f g dkcjrgs
dk cjrgs fg
f g hbgrk?
hb grk? rkjkts.
rkjk ts. \, erhblhs
h Flks, sl dhy haek qug ustgf nk gs, gs un rkjkt. Dgcks dhjahfk cubdhs
vgbgs fg su sgnsljlalfhf y su brghtlvlfhf? ìsths skn sus cès erhnfgs vgnthohs,
y gs pkr gsk pkr ak qug su gsbrlturh gs thn pkfgrksh y pkr ak qug aks fgcès sg
slgntgn htrhãfks dhblh ustgf. Pgrk gstks rhseks tlgngn su ahfk ksburk, ah
hnslgfhf, y dhbg qug ag rgsuatg lcpksljag vlvlr blrbunsthnblhs bkck ìsths bkn
gbuhnlclfhf.
Wn jgaak gogcpak fg bòck ah rgikrcuahblòn fg un bkcgnthrlk pugfg
 

jrlnfhr cubdk bknsugak cg subgflò un fãh, dhbg haeÿn tlgcpk, buhnfk ag

gxprgsì h un hclek, Ulaalhc Jahtty, ga hutkr fg  Ga gxkrblsth, cl fgslauslòn
pkr unh chah brãtlbh fg unk fg cls aljrks. Cg rgspknflò fg unh chngrh
chrhvlaakshcgntg hagnthfkrh qug ha lnsthntg shnò cl dgrlfh? «Lrv, pkr
supugstk qug gstès ckagstk pkr ga bkcgnthrlk. ¡\ erhblhs h Flks qug ak gstès!
¡Rl nk iugrhs thn sgnsljag, nk sgrãhs thn jugn gsbrltkr!½.
Bhfh tgrhpguth fgsbujrlrè su prkplh chngrh fg hpkyhr h sus phblgntgs.
Nunbh sg jkrrhrè fg cl cgntg ah lchegn fg Zhc Fhss fgsbrljlgnfk su
fgspgflfh fg un eurÿ bkn ga qug dhjãh gstuflhfk furhntg høks gn un hsdrhc
gn ah Lnflh. Buhnfk Zhc Fhss sg ahcgntò fg qug nk sg sgntãh prgphrhfk phrh
phrtlr fgjlfk h sus cubdks fgigbtks g lcpgrigbblkngs, su eurÿ sg pusk fg plg
y, bkn cubdh agntltuf y skagcnlfhf, flk unh vugath h su hargfgfkr, qug
bknbauyò bkn un prknunblhclgntk pÿjalbk? «Nk vgk nlneunh lcpgrigbblòn½.
Nunbh dg fhfk altgrhacgntg ah vugath hargfgfkr fg cls phblgntgs,
lnspgbblknènfkaks bkn ah clrhfh, y nunbh slgntk qug ga prkbgsk fg
brgblclgntk aageug haeunh vgz h su iln, pgrk nk kjsthntg gsth lchegn dh
eulhfk bkn irgbugnblh cls bkcgnthrlks.
Ga hpkyk pugfg lnbaulr bkcgnthrlks skjrg ga hspgbtk iãslbk? haeunh prgnfh
fg vgstlr, unh tgz jlgn fgsbhnshfh y jrknbghfh, un nugvk bkrtg fg pgak. Rl un
phblgntg, dkcjrg k cuogr, gstè kjsgslknhfk pkr ah ihath fg htrhbtlvk iãslbk,
brgk qug gs ah bksh cès nhturha y duchnh fga cunfk bkcgnthr (sl hsã ak
slgntg) qug ustgf ak gnbugntrh unh pgrsknh htrhbtlvh g lnfhehr pkr aks
krãegngs fga cltk fg gsh ihath fg htrhbtlvk. Gn un rgahtk skjrg ah pslbktgrhplh
gn cl aljrk  Chcè y ga sgntlfk fg ah vlfh, ga prktheknlsth, ga fkbtkr Grngst
Ahsd, gs hbkrrhahfk pkr unh phblgntg cuy htrhbtlvh qug ak prgslknh bkn
prgeunths gxpaãblths? «»Rky htrhbtlvh phrh aks dkcjrgs; »Phrh ustgf; Rl nk
iugsg cl tgrhpguth, »tgnfrãh unh hbtltuf sgxuha dhblh cã;½. Gsths prgeunths
skn unh pgshflaah, ahs qug cès htgrrhn h aks tgrhpguths pkr gnblch fg tkfhs ahs
ktrhs. Gs ga tgckr h thags prgeunths ak qug prkvkbh qug cubdks tgrhpguths fgn
thn pkbk fg sã clscks. Pgrk yk brgk qug ga clgfk gs lnoustlilbhfk. Rl brgg qug
gs ak cgokr phrh ah phblgntg, »pkr quì nk alclthrsg h gxprgshr ak qug flbg cl
pgrsknhog gn ah ilbblòn;? «Rl tkfk iugrh fligrgntg, sl nks gnbkntrèrhcks gn
ktrk cunfk, sl iugrh skatgrk, sl nk iugrh su tgrhpguth, gntknbgs sã, cg
 

rgsuathrãh cuy htrhbtlvh y sln fufh trhthrãh fg bknkbgrah cgokr½. »Buèa gs ga

pgalerk; Rgeÿn cl puntk fg vlsth, gsg bhnfkr sgnblaahcgntg hucgnthrè ah
bknilhnzh qug ga phblgntg tgneh gn ustgf y gn ga prkbgsk tgrhpìutlbk. Pkr
supugstk, gstk nk gxbauyg ktrhs ikrchs fg lnfhehblòn hbgrbh fg ah prgeunth=
pkr gogcpak, pkr ah cktlvhblòn fga phblgntg k ga ckcgntk (ah prgeunth tãplbh
fg «»pkr quì oustk hdkrh;½) k unh prgkbuphblòn gxhegrhfh pkr ak iãslbk k ah
sgfubblòn, qug pugfg gsthr kbuathnfk bugstlkngs cès slenlilbhtlvhs.
 

BHPÃVWAK 9
GCPHVÃH? CLZHNFK PKZ AH
YGNVHNH FGA PHBLGNVG
 

Gs gxtrhøk bòck blgrths irhsgs k dgbdks sg hakohn gn nugstrh cgntg y fgsfg

haaã sleugn kirgblgnfk euãh k bknsugak. Dhbg fìbhfhs tuvg unh phblgntg bkn
bènbgr fg chch, qulgn, furhntg tkfh su hfkagsbgnblh, dhjãh gsthfk gnzhrzhfh
gn unh aubdh ahreh y hchreh bkn un phfrg furk y ngehtlvk. Fgsghnfk haeunh
ikrch fg rgbknblalhblòn, un nugvk bkclgnzk phrh su rgahblòn, gspgrhjh bkn
hnslh ga ckcgntk gn qug su phfrg ah aagvhrh gn bkbdg dhsth ga bkagelk, un
ckcgntk gn ga qug gaah gsthrãh skah bkn ìa furhntg dkrhs. Pgrk ga vlhog thn
gspgrhfk rgsuathjh un fgshstrg? su phfrg sg bkcpkrthjh ilga h su ckfk fg sgr
y sg phshjh tkfk ga vlhog rgiuniuøhnfk skjrg ga hrrkyk igk y aagnk fg jhsurh
qug dhjãh ha bksthfk fga bhclnk. H su vgz, gaah nk vgãh jhsurh haeunh gn ga
dgrcksk hrrkyk rÿstlbk y vlregn. \ bkck nk gnbkntrhjh nlneÿn ckfk fg
rgspknfgrag, ha ilnha tgrclnhjh pkr bhaahr y phshjhn ga rgstk fga vlhog sln
clrhrsg, bhfh unk clrhnfk dhblh su ahfk.
Cès hfgahntg, gaah dlzk gsg vlhog skah y sg skrprgnflò ha nkthr qug dhjãh
fks hrrkyks, unk h bhfh ahfk fga bhclnk. «Gsth vgz bknfubãh yk ‖flok bkn
trlstgzh‖, y ga hrrkyk qug vgãh pkr cl vgnthnh fga ahfk fga bknfubtkr grh thn
igk y gsthjh thn bknthclnhfk bkck ak dhjãh fgsbrltk cl phfrg.½ Pgrk phrh
buhnfk hprgnflò h clrhr pkr ah vgnthnh fg su phfrg yh grh fgchslhfk thrfg?
su phfrg gsthjh cugrtk y gntgrrhfk.
 

Gsh dlstkrlh nk cg dh hjhnfknhfk ohcès, y gn cubdhs kbhslkngs cg dg

rgbkrfhfk h cã clsck k h cls gstuflhntgs qug «clrgcks pkr ah vgnthnh fga
ktrk. Xug trhtgcks fg vgr ga cunfk bkck ak vgn nugstrks phblgntgs½. Ah
cuogr qug cg bkntò gsth dlstkrlh curlò fg bènbgr fg chch pkbk fgspuìs, y
ahcgntk nk dhjgrag pkflfk fgblr ak ÿtla qug dh slfk su dlstkrlh h trhvìs fg aks
høks phrh cã, phrh cls gstuflhntgs y phrh cubdks phblgntgs.
Dhbg blnbugnth høks, Bhra Zkegrs lfgntlilbò ah «gcphtãh gxhbth½ bkck
unh fg ahs trgs bhrhbtgrãstlbhs gsgnblhags fg unh tgrhplh gigbtlvh (ountk bkn unh
«clrhfh lnbknflblknhacgntg pksltlvh½ y ga «sgr egnulnk½), g lnlblò ga bhcpk
fg ah lnvgstlehblòn pslbktgrhpìutlbh, qug tgrclnò pkr rgunlr jhsthntgs
gvlfgnblhs gn hpkyk fg ah gigbtlvlfhf fg ah gcphtãh.
Ah tgrhplh sg pktgnblh sl ga tgrhpguth lnergsh bkn prgblslòn gn ga cunfk
fga phblgntg. Aks phblgntgs sg jgngilblhn cubdãslck pkr ah skah gxpgrlgnblh
fg sgr vlstks y bkcprgnflfks gn su tkthalfhf. Pkr gsk gs cuy lcpkrthntg
rgbknkbgr ga ckfk gn qug nugstrks phblgntgs gxpgrlcgnthn ga phshfk, ga
prgsgntg y ga iuturk. Bkntlnuhcgntg cg hsgeurk fg bkrrkjkrhr cls
prgsunblkngs h gsg rgspgbtk. Pkr gogcpak?
 ‖Jkj, buhnfk plgnsk gn su rgahblòn bkn Chry, gstk gs ak qug yk
gntlgnfk. Wstgf flbg qug gstè bknvgnblfk fg qug ustgf y gaah skn
lnbkcphtljags, qug qulgrg bkn tkfhs sus iugrzhs sgphrhrsg fg gaah, qug sg
hjurrg gn su bkcphøãh y qug gvlth phshr nkbdgs gntgrhs bkn gaah. Rln
gcjhrek, hdkrh qug gaah dh fhfk ga phsk qug ustgf qugrãh y sg dh lfk, ustgf
fg nugvk ah fgsgh. Brgk dhjgrag kãfk fgblr qug nk tlgng ehnhs fg gsthr bkn
gaah= nk kjsthntg, nk pugfg skpkrthr ah lfgh fg qug gaah nk gstì hdã buhnfk
ustgf ah ngbgsltg. »Gstky gn ak blgrtk dhsth hquã;
Wnh gcphtãh gxhbth gs suchcgntg lcpkrthntg gn ah gsigrh fga prgsgntg
lncgflhtk ‖gs fgblr, ga «hquã y hdkrh½ fg ah sgslòn fg tgrhplh‖. Zgbugrfg
qug aks phblgntgs vgn ah dkrh fg tgrhplh fg unh chngrh cuy flstlnth qug aks
tgrhpguths. Aks tgrhpguths sg skrprgnfgn cubdk, hun hquìaaks bkn unh erhn
gxpgrlgnblh, ha rgfgsbujrlr gstg ignòcgnk. Nk gs rhrk qug unk fg cls
phblgntgs bkclgnbg unh sgslòn fgsbrljlgnfk unh rghbblòn gckblknha lntgnsh h
haek kburrlfk gn ah sgslòn prgvlh y cg qugfg fgsbknbgrthfk y cg rgsuatg fga
tkfk lcpksljag lchelnhr quì gs ak qug subgflò gn gsh sgslòn bkck phrh
 

prkvkbhr unh rgspugsth thn pkfgrksh.

Vha flvgregnblh gntrg aks puntks fg vlsth fga phblgntg y ga tgrhpguth aahcò
cl htgnblòn pkr prlcgrh vgz clgntrhs rghalzhjh lnvgstlehblkngs skjrg ahs
gxpgrlgnblhs fg clgcjrks fg erupks, thntk fg tgrhplhs eruphags bkck gn
erupks fg gnbugntrk. Ags pgfã h cubdãslcks clgcjrks fg flstlntks erupks
qug aagnhrhn un bugstlknhrlk gn ga qug fgjãhn lfgntlilbhr aks lnblfgntgs
brãtlbks fg bhfh sgslòn. Aks lnblfgntgs rlbks y vhrlhfks haaã fgsbrltks fligrãhn
cubdk fg ahs gvhauhblkngs fg aks bkkrflnhfkrgs fg aks erupks skjrg aks
lnblfgntgs fg bhfh rgunlòn, y gxlstãh unh fligrgnblh slclahr gntrg ah sgagbblòn
dgbdh pkr aks clgcjrks y pkr aks bkkrflnhfkrgs fg aks lnblfgntgs cès
brãtlbks fg tkfh ah gxpgrlgnblh erupha.
Cl sleulgntg gnbugntrk bkn ahs fligrgnblhs gn ahs pgrspgbtlvhs fga phblgntg
y ga tgrhpguth kburrlò gn un gxpgrlcgntk lnikrcha gn ga qug unh phblgntg y yk
gsbrljlcks rgsÿcgngs fg bhfh sgslòn fg tgrhplh. Ga gxpgrlcgntk tlgng unh
dlstkrlh burlksh. Ah phblgntg, Elnny, grh unh gsbrltkrh brghtlvh y thagntksh qug
phfgbãh nk sòak un jakqugk sgvgrk fg ah gsbrlturh, slnk un jakqugk fg tkfh
ikrch fg gxprgslvlfhf. Wn høk fg hslstgnblh h tgrhplh erupha bknclek ag
rgsuatò rgahtlvhcgntg lcprkfubtlvk, pugs gaah rgvgaò pkbk fg sã clsch, flk
pkbk fg sã h aks ktrks clgcjrks y cg lfghalzhjh thntk qug buhaqulgr
gnbugntrk egnulnk grh lcpksljag. Augek, buhnfk Elnny tuvk qug fgohr ga
erupk fgjlfk h prgslkngs ilnhnblgrhs, prkpusg un gxpgrlcgntk lnusuha. Kirgbã
trhthrah gn tgrhplh lnflvlfuha bkn ah bknflblòn fg qug, gn auehr fg phehr, gaah
gsbrljlgsg un rgsucgn fg bkrrlfk y sln bgnsurh fg bhfh sgslòn fg tgrhplh
gxprgshnfk tkfks aks sgntlclgntks y pgnshclgntks qug nk dhjãh vgrjhalzhfk
furhntg ah sgslòn. \k, pkr cl phrtg, prkpusg dhbgr ak clsck y suegrã qug bhfh
unk gntrgehrh sus lnikrcgs sgchnhags sgaahfks h cl sgbrgthrlh y qug bhfh
thntks cgsgs agyìrhcks ahs nkths fga ktrk.
Fligrgntgs cktlvks fgtgrclnhjhn cl prkpugsth. Gspgrhjh qug ah thrgh fg
gsbrljlr nk sòak aljgrhsg ah gsbrlturh fg cl phblgntg, slnk qug hfgcès ah
hagnthsg h gxprgshrsg bkn cès aljgrthf gn ah tgrhplh. Vgnãh ah gspgrhnzh fg qug
qulzè, ha aggr cls nkths, cgokrhrãh nugstrh rgahblòn. Cg prkpknãh gsbrljlr
nkths sln bgnsurh qug rgvgahrhn cls prkplhs gxpgrlgnblhs furhntg ah sgslòn?
cls pahbgrgs, cls irustrhblkngs, cls flstrhbblkngs. Grh pksljag qug, sl Elnny
 

akerhjh vgrcg fg unh chngrh cès rghalsth, gcpgzhrh h fgohr fg lfghalzhrcg y

h rgahblknhrsg bknclek skjrg unh jhsg cès duchnh.
(Bkck unh flergslòn nk gcphrgnthfh bkn ah flsbuslòn fg ah gcphtãh, cg
eusthrãh hergehr qug gsth gxpgrlgnblh kburrlò gn ga ckcgntk gn qug yk
lntgnthjh fgshrrkaahr cl prkplh vkz bkck gsbrltkr, y cl kirgblclgntk fg
gsbrljlr gn phrhagak bkn cl phblgntg tgnãh hfgcès un cktlvk pgrsknha? cg
prkpkrblknhjh un gogrblblk fg gsbrlturh lnusuha y unh kpkrtunlfhf fg rkcpgr
cls hthfurhs prkigslknhags, aljgrhr cl vkz gsbrljlgnfk tkfk ak qug cg vgnãh h
ah cgntg lncgflhthcgntg fgspuìs fg bhfh sgslòn.)
Ga lntgrbhcjlk fg nkths prkvgyò unh gxpgrlgnblh bkck fg  Zhsdkckn?
hunqug dhjãhcks bkcphrtlfk ah clsch sgslòn, ah gxpgrlcgntèjhcks y ah
rgbkrfèjhcks sgeÿn ah prkplh lflkslnbrhslh. Phrh gcpgzhr, vhakrèjhcks
flstlnths phrtgs fg ah sgslòn. »Cls lntgrprgthblkngs jrlaahntgs y gagehntgs; Gaah
nl slqulgrh ahs kãh. Gn bhcjlk, vhakrhjh aks pgqugøks hbtks pgrsknhags qug yk
hpgnhs nkthjh? aks gakelks skjrg su htugnfk k su hspgbtk k su gsbrlturh, cls
tkrpgs flsbuaphs pkr aagehr un phr fg clnutks thrfg, cl rlsh hntg sus sètlrhs,
cl ikrch fg tkchrag ga pgak buhnfk rgprgsgntèjhcks un phpga.*
phpga. *
Vkfhs gsths gxpgrlgnblhs cg dhn gnsgøhfk h nk supkngr qug ga phblgntg y
yk tgngcks ah clsch gxpgrlgnblh furhntg ah sgslòn. Buhnfk aks phblgntgs
flsbutgn sgnshblkngs qug tuvlgrkn ah sgslòn hntgrlkr, nk fgok nunbh fg
prgeunthrags hbgrbh fg su gxpgrlgnblh y bhsl slgcprg hprgnfk haek nugvk g
lngspgrhfk. Ah gcphtãh ikrch unh phrtg thn erhnfg fg nugstrk flsbursk
bktlflhnk ‖aks bhnthntgs pkpuahrgs gntknhn ahcgntks skjrg ga pkngrsg gn ah
plga fga ktrk y bhclnhr fgntrk fg sus zhphtks‖ qug tgnfgcks h kavlfhr ah
bkcpagolfhf fga prkbgsk. Gs gxtrhkrflnhrlhcgntg fliãbla shjgr rghacgntg ak
qug ga ktrk slgntg= cubdãslchs vgbgs prkygbthcks nugstrks prkplks
sgntlclgntks skjrg ìa.
Buhnfk Grlbd Irkcc dhjahjh h sus gstuflhntgs skjrg ah gcphtãh, h
cgnufk blthjh ah irhsg fg Vgrgnblk fg dhbg fks cla høks ‖«Rky duchnk y
nhfh duchnk cg gs hognk½‖ y nks lnblthjh h hjrlrnks h gsh phrtg fg nksktrks
qug bkrrgspknflgsg bkn buhaqulgr dgbdk k ihnthsãh fga phblgntg, sln lcpkrthr
buèn kflksh, vlkagnth, auourlksh, chskqulsth k sèflbh iugsg. Rl nk ak
dhbãhcks, suegrãh qug lnvgstleèrhcks pkr quì dhjãhcks kpthfk pkr bgrrhr gsh
 

phrtg fg nksktrks clscks.

Nhturhacgntg, bknkbgr ga phshfk fga phblgntg pktgnblh ah prkplh
bhphblfhf phrh clrhr pkr ah vgnthnh fga phblgntg. Rl, pkr gogcpak, haeulgn dh
suirlfk unh ahreh sgrlg fg pìrflfhs, gntknbgs vgrè ga cunfk h trhvìs fga brlstha
fg ah pìrflfh. Gn gsg bhsk tha vgz sg cugstrg rghblk h fgohr qug ga tgrhpguth sg
lntgrgsg pkr ìa k sg hbgrqug fgchslhfk pkr tgckr h suirlr unh nugvh pìrflfh.
Fg haaã qug ah lnvgstlehblòn fga phshfk sgh lcpkrthntg, nk phrh ah
bknstrubblòn fg bhfgnhs bhushags, slnk pkrqug nks pgrcltg sgr gcpètlbks bkn
chykr gxhbtltuf.
 

BHPÃVWAK 5
GNRGØG AH GCPHVÃH
 

Wnh gcphtãh gxhbth gs un rhsek gsgnblha nk sòak phrh aks tgrhpguths, slnk
thcjlìn phrh aks phblgntgs, y fgjgcks hyufhraks h fgshrrkaahrah phrh bkn aks
ktrks. Zgbugrfgn qug nugstrks phblgntgs pkr ak egngrha vlgngn h vgrnks pkr
sus flilbuathfgs phrh fgshrrkaahr y chntgngr rgahblkngs lntgrpgrsknhags
erhtlilbhntgs. Cubdks nk akerhn gcphtãh bkn aks sgntlclgntks y gxpgrlgnblhs
fg aks ktrks.
Brgk qug ga «hquã y hdkrh½ kirgbg ha tgrhpguth unh chngrh pkfgrksh fg
hyufhr h aks phblgntgs h fgshrrkaahrah. Ah gstrhtgelh gs slcpag? hyufg h sus
phblgntgs h gxpgrlcgnthr gcphtãh bkn ustgf y hutkcètlbhcgntg rghalzhrèn ahs
gxtrhpkahblkngs ngbgshrlhs h ahs pgrsknhs lcpkrthntgs fg sus vlfhs. Gs cuy
bkcÿn qug aks tgrhpguths prgeuntgn h sus phblgntgs fg quì ckfk unh blgrth
irhsg k hbblòn suyh pugfg higbthr h aks ktrks. Vhn sòak suelgrk qug ga
tgrhpguth sg lnbauyh gn gsh prgeunth.
Buhnfk aks phblgntgs hrrlgsehn unh kplnlòn skjrg ak qug slgntk, trhtk fg
qug ag fgn ah chykr prgblslòn pksljag. Rl, pkr gogcpak, un phblgntg lntgrprgth
haeÿn egstk k bkcgnthrlk y flbg? «Fgjg fg gsthr cuy bhnshfk fg vgrcg½ k
«\h sì qug ahcgnth tgngr qug rgahblknhrsg bknclek½ k «Ìsth tha vgz sgh ah
sgslòn cès fgsherhfhjag fga fãh½, pknfrì un pkbk h prugjh ah rghalfhf fg ak
flbdk y prgeunthrì? «»Cg gstè qugrlgnfk prgeunthr haek bkn gsg
bkcgnthrlk;½.
 

Rg trhth pkr supugstk fg unh slcpag gnsgøhnzh fg fgstrgzh skblha? lnbltk ha

phblgntg h qug sg flrloh h cã k cg lntgrrkeug flrgbthcgntg y cg gsiugrzk pkr
bkntgsthr fg unh chngrh qug sgh flrgbth y prkvgbdksh. Pkr gogcpak, pkfrãh
rgspknfgr? «Cg gstè lntgrprgthnfk cha. Nk tgnek nlneunk fg gsks
sgntlclgntks. Gstky bkntgntk bkn nugstrk trhjhok. Wstgf dh fgckstrhfk
cubdk bkrhog, trhjhoh cubdk, ohcès ihatò h unh sgslòn, nunbh aageò thrfg, sg
dh hrrlgsehfk y dh bkcphrtlfk cubdhs bkshs ãntlchs bknclek. Wstgf bucpag
gn tkfk bkn su trhjhok. Pgrk dg nkthfk qug bhfh vgz qug hrrlgseh unh kplnlòn
skjrg ak qug slgntk bkn rgspgbtk h ustgf, nk bknbugrfh bkn cl gxpgrlgnblh
lntgrlkr y ga grrkr hpunth slgcprg gn ah clsch flrgbblòn? ustgf cg lntgrprgth
bkck sl cg lcpkrthrh cgnks fg ak qug cg lcpkrth½.
Ktrk gogcpak?
 ‖Rì qug yh dh gsbubdhfk gsth dlstkrlh hntgs, pgrk... ‖\ ga phblgntg
prkbgfg h bknthr unh ahreh dlstkrlh.
 ‖Cg skrprgnfg buènths vgbgs flbg qug yh dg kãfk gsh dlstkrlh hntgs y
augek phsh h bknthrah.
 ‖Gs unh chah bkstucjrg, ak sì. Nk ak gntlgnfk.
 ‖»Bòck ag phrgbg qug cg slgntk gsbubdhnfk ah clsch dlstkrlh unh y
ktrh vgz;
 ‖Fgjg fg sgr tgflksk. Gs prkjhjag qug qulgrh qug tgrclng ah sgslòn,
sgeurhcgntg clrh ah dkrh gn ga rgako.
 ‖»Cg gstè dhblgnfk unh prgeunth gn gsk qug flbg;
 ‖Jugnk, »ak dhbg;
 ‖Gn vgrfhf, cg lcphblgnth kãr ah clsch dlstkrlh ktrh vgz. Rlgntk qug sg
lntgrpkng gntrg aks fks, bkck sl gn rghalfhf nk cg gstuvlgsg dhjahnfk h cã.
Vlgng rhzòn bkn rgspgbtk h ak fg clrhr ga rgako. Ak dlbg, pgrk iug bkn ah
gspgrhnzh fg qug buhnfk su dlstkrlh tgrclnhrh tkfhvãh tuvlìsgcks tlgcpk
phrh gsthr gn bknthbtk hntgs fg qug bknbauygrh ah sgslòn.
 

BHPÃVWAK 4
PGZCLVH XWG GA PHBLGNVG AG
LCPKZVG
 

Dhbg cès fg trglnth høks kã ah dlstkrlh cès trlstg skjrg pslbktgrhplh. Gsthjh
phshnfk un høk gn Aknfrgs pkr unh jgbh gn ah cuy rgspgthfh Baãnlbh
Vhvlstkbm y bknkbã h un prkclngntg pslbkhnhalsth y tgrhpguth fga erupk
jrltènlbk, fg sgtgnth høks, qug gsthjh h puntk fg oujlahrsg y ah nkbdg hntgrlkr
dhjãh tgnlfk ah ÿatlch rgunlòn bkn un erupk fg tgrhplh bkn ga qug dhjãh
trhjhohfk furhntg cubdk tlgcpk. Aks clgcjrks, cubdks fg aks buhags dhjãhn
gsthfk gn ga erupk furhntg cès fg unh fìbhfh, dhjãhn rgiagxlknhfk skjrg aks
bhcjlks qug dhjãhn vlstk gn ahs flstlnths pgrsknhs fga erupk, y tkfks
gstuvlgrkn fg hbugrfk gn qug dhjãh unh skah pgrsknh qug nk dhjãh bhcjlhfk
nhfh? ¡ga tgrhpguth! Gn rghalfhf flogrkn qug grh gxhbthcgntg ga clsck fgsfg
dhbãh flgz høks. Gntknbgs, ìa cg clrò y, ekapgtghnfk skjrg ga gsbrltkrlk phrh
fhr cès ìnihsls, flok bkn su cgokr vkz fg chgstrk? «Gsk, okvgnbltk, gs ak qug
sg aahch unh jugnh tìbnlbh½.
Rlgcprg cg dh hpgnhfk rgbkrfhr gstg lnblfgntg. Gs trlstg pgnshr gn gsthr
bkn ktrhs pgrsknhs furhntg thntk tlgcpk y sln gcjhrek nk fgohr qug nks
lcpkrtgn ak suilblgntg bkck phrh qug nks lniauyhn y nks bhcjlgn. Ak lnstk h
qug pgrclth qug sus phblgntgs ag lcpkrtgn, h qug pgrclth qug gntrgn gn su
cgntg, ak lniauyhn, ak bhcjlgn, y h nk kbuathrags gstg dgbdk.
Dhbg høks trhtì h unh phblgntg qug bknfgnhjh h sus hcleks pkr «lr
 

fkrclfks pkr ah vlfh½. Gstk grh tãplbk fg gaah? grh brãtlbh gn gxtrgck bkn
tkfhs ahs pgrsknhs qug cg fgsbrljãh. Cg prgeuntì gn vkz hath quì lcphbtk
tgnãh gn sus hclsthfgs su hbtltuf ouzehfkrh?
 ‖»Xuì qulgrg fgblr; ‖rgspknflò‖. »Xug yk ouzeug h aks fgcès tlgng

haeÿn lcphbtk
 ‖Brgk quggncg
ustgf;
dhbg lr bkn bulfhfk fg nk rgvgahr fgchslhfk fg cã
clsck. Rl tuvlìsgcks unh rgahblòn fg hclsthf, cg bulfhrãh cubdk fg
rgvgahrag cl ahfk cès ksburk.
 ‖Jugnk, gstg tgch cg phrgbg cgrlflhnhcgntg bahrk. »Xuì kplnlòn tlgng
fga sgxk bhsuha; »Pugfg pgnshr gn sgphrhr ga sgxk fga hckr;
 ‖Pkr supugstk qug pugfk. Gsk gs phrtg fg nugstrh nhturhagzh duchnh.
 ‖Cg phrgbg rgpuaslvk.
Ah sgslòn tgrclnò bkn gsg bkcgnthrlk, y furhntg fãhs cg sgntã pgrturjhfk

pkr
dhjãhnugstrh lntgrhbblòn
rgsuathfk y bkcgnbì
cuy lnbòckfk pgnshrah qug
sgslòn sleulgntg
yk ag prkfubãhflblìnfkag
rgpuaslòn.qug
Gaahcg
sg
qugfò pgrpagoh pkr cl rghbblòn y cg flok qug ah dhjãh chalntgrprgthfk pkr
bkcpagtk? ak qug gaah dhjãh qugrlfk fgblr grh qug ag fhjh rgpuaslòn ah
nhturhagzh duchnh y sus prkplks fgsgks sgxuhags, nk yk k cls phahjrhs.
Cès thrfg, gn ah clsch sgslòn, gaah vkavlò ha lnblfgntg y flok qug, hunqug
ahcgnthjh dhjgrcg ckagsthfk, gsthjh bknckvlfh ‖y bkcpahblfh‖ pkrqug
dhjãh sgntlfk qug gaah cg lcpkrthjh. Ga lntgrbhcjlk bhthalzò pkfgrkshcgntg
ah tgrhplh? gn ahs sgslkngs sleulgntgs gcpgzò h bknilhr cès gn cã y h bkrrgr

rlgseks
Dhbgcubdk chykrgs.
pkbk unk fg cls phblgntgs cg gnvlò un gchla?
 
Ak hck, pgrk thcjlìn ak kflk, nk sòak pkrqug ustgf sg vh h Hregntlnh y h Nugvh \krm,
y pkr ak qug sì ha Vãjgt y h Vkcjubtÿ, slnk thcjlìn pkrqug sg vh tkfhs ahs sgchnhs,
blgrrh ah pugrth, sg vh prkjhjagcgntg h gnbgnfgr ga tgagvlskr y h vgr ga phrtlfk fg
jìlsjka k h ilohrsg gn aks prgblks fg ah Jkash y h dhbgrsg unh thzh fg tì slajhnfk unh
hagerg cgakfãh y nk plgnsh gn cã phrh nhfh. \ »pkr quì fgjgrãh dhbgrak;
 
Gsths phahjrhs fhn vkz h unh erhn prgeunth qug cubdks phblgntgs nk sg
htrgvgn h ikrcuahr? «»Plgnsh haeunh vgz gn cã gntrg sgslkngs k sgnblaahcgntg
fgshphrgzbk fg su vlfh ga rgstk fg ah sgchnh;½.
 

Cl gxpgrlgnblh gs qug bkn irgbugnblh aks phblgntgs nk fgshphrgbgn fg cl

cgntg furhntg ah sgchnh, y sl dg tgnlfk pgnshclgntks qug pkfrãhn sgr ÿtlags,
cg hsgeurk fg bkcphrtlraks bkn gaaks.
Rl slgntk qug dg bkcgtlfk un grrkr gn ah sgslòn, brgk qug slgcprg gs cgokr

rgbknkbgrak
 ‖Gstky flrgbthcgntg. Wnh vgz,
gn cl vlgoh gsbugah fgunh phblgntg
prlchrlh y agfgsbrljlò
dhjak hun sugøk?
unh nløh pgqugøh
qug gstè aakrhnfk y qug sg dh gsbhphfk fg ah bahsg. \k ag flek? «Fgjgs
rgbkrfhr qug dhy cubdhs pgrsknhs qug tg hchn y sgrãh cgokr qug nk
gsbhphrhs fg tkfk ga cunfk½.
Ruegrã qug gaah grh thntk qulgn dhjahjh bkck ah nløh y qug ga sugøk grh un
phrhagak y unh vhrlhntg fg ak clsck qug dhjãhcks gsthfk flsbutlgnfk gn
nugstrh ÿatlch sgslòn. Gaah rgspknflò? «Bahrk½.
Gsk cg lrrltò? gaah tgnãh ah phrtlbuahrlfhf fg nk rgbknkbgr cls hbkthblkngs

cès
Cès ÿtlags, y pkr bknsleulgntg
thrfg, clgntrhs lnslstãgsth
pgnshjh skjrg gn lnshtlsihbtkrlh
qug hnhalzhrh su bkcgnthrlk?
sgslòn, «Bahrk½.
cg fl bugnth fg
qug ga prkjagch gntrg nksktrks sg dhjãh fgjlfk gn erhn cgflfh h cl tgrbh
fgtgrclnhblòn fg fgshbtlvhr su «bahrk½ bkn ga iln fg kjtgngr un
rgbknkblclgntk tktha pkr cl lntgrprgthblòn fga sugøk.
Hjrã ah sgslòn sleulgntg rgbknkblgnfk cl bkcpkrthclgntk lnchfurk y
augek tuvlcks unh fg ahs sgslkngs cès prkfubtlvhs, gn ah qug gaah rgvgaò
sgbrgtks cuy lcpkrthntgs qug dhjãh rgtgnlfk furhntg cubdk tlgcpk. Ah
hpgrturh fga tgrhpguth gnegnfrh ah hpgrturh fga phblgntg.

brgkAks
qugphblgntgs
ihblalthrèhfgvgbgs
haeÿncgckfk
lcpkrthn thntk nk
ah tgrhplh, qugfufk
gntrhn
gn gn cls sugøks
bkcphrtlr y, sl
ga sugøk
bkn gaaks. Wnh vgz skøì qug dhjãh gnbkntrhfk h unh phblgntg gn un
hgrkpugrtk g lntgnthjh fhrag un hjrhzk, pgrk cg ak lcplflò ah gnkrcg bhrtgrh
qug aagvhjh. Ag rgahtì ga sugøk y ak bkngbtì bkn ah flsbuslòn fg nugstrh sgslòn
prgvlh hbgrbh fga «jhehog½ qug gaah trhãh h ah rgahblòn bknclek ‖gs fgblr, sus
iugrtgs sgntlclgntks hcjlvhagntgs dhblh su phfrg‖. Gaah sg bknckvlò pkr ga
dgbdk fg qug yk bkcphrtlgrh ga sugøk y rgbknkblò ah aòelbh pkr ah qug ak
bkngbthjh bkn ah iuslòn qug gaah dhbãh fg su phfrg y yk, pgrk suelrlò ktrk

slenlilbhfk cuy lntgalegntg

pkrqug nugstrk phrh ga sugøk?
bkntrhtk prkigslknha qug ga sugøkpkr
(slcjkalzhfk gxprgshjh cl pgshr
ah bhrtgrh, un
 

bkntgngfkr fg flngrk, gs fgblr, aks hrhnbgags fg ah tgrhplh) lcpgfãh unh

rgahblòn tkthacgntg bknsuchfh. Nk pufg ngehr qug ga sgntlfk fg su
lntgrprgthblòn grh fliãbla fg fgsbhrthr y qug rgiagohjh sgntlclgntks qug
hbgbdhjhn gn haeÿn auehr gn ak prkiunfk fg cl sgr.
 

BHPÃVWAK <
ZGBKNK_BH RWR GZZKZGR
 

Ga hnhalsth F. U. Ulnnlbktt unh vgz dlzk ah heufh kjsgrvhblòn fg qug ah

fligrgnblh gntrg ahs chfrgs jugnhs y ahs chahs nk grh ga dgbdk fg bkcgtgr
grrkrgs, slnk fg ak qug bhfh unh dhbãh bkn gaaks.
Vuvg unh phblgntg qug dhjãh fgohfk h su tgrhpguth hntgrlkr pkr ak qug
pkfrãh phrgbgr unh rhzòn trlvlha. Gn su tgrbgr gnbugntrk, gaah dhjãh aakrhfk
bkplkshcgntg y buhnfk gn un fgtgrclnhfk ckcgntk dhjãh gxtgnflfk ah chnk
phrh bkegr un phøugak fg phpga fg ah bhoh, dhjãh fgsbujlgrtk qug gsthjh vhbãh.
Ga tgrhpguth gntknbgs bkcgnzò h rgelstrhr tkfh su kilblnh jusbhnfk gn vhnk
un phøugak, y ha ilnha bkrrlò pkr ga vgstãjuak dhsth ga jhøk y vkavlò bkn un
puøhfk fg phpga dlelìnlbk. Gn ah sgslòn sleulgntg, gaah ag bkcgntò ha tgrhpguth
qug brgãh qug h ìa ga lnblfgntg ak dhjãh lnbkckfhfk, h ak buha ìa ngeò qug
dujlgsg sgntlfk ah cgnkr lnbkckflfhf k vgreñgnzh. Buhntk cès lnslstãh gaah,
cès sg htrlnbdgrhjh ìa, y ag fgvkavlò sus prgeunths plflìnfkag qug ag flogrh
pkr quì pgrslstãh gn fufhr fg su rgspugsth. Ha ilnha gaah bknbauyò
(bkrrgbthcgntg h cl phrgbgr) qug ìa nk ah dhjãh trhthfk fg unh chngrh slnbgrh
y fgblflò qug nk pkfãh bknilhr gn ìa phrh ga ahrek trhjhok qug tgnãhn pkr
fgahntg.
Wn gogcpak fga rgbknkblclgntk fg un grrkr? unh phblgntg qug dhjãh
suirlfk vhrlhs pìrflfhs fgchslhfk prkntk gn ah vlfh y gsthjh aubdhnfk bkntrh
ah pìrflfh lnclngntg fg su chrlfk, qug gsthjh heknlzhnfk h bhush fg un
 

tuckr bgrgjrha, gn unh kbhslòn cg prgeuntò sl yk haeunh vgz pgnshjh gn gaah

gntrg sgslkngs. \k rgspknfã? «H cgnufk plgnsk gn su sltuhblòn½. ¡Zgspugsth
lnbkrrgbth! Rg slntlò uatrhohfh pkr cls phahjrhs. «»Bòck pugfg fgblr gsk ‖ 
cg prgeuntò‖, ustgf, qug sg supknãh qug ljh h hyufhrcg, ustgf qug cg plflò

qug bkcphrtlgrh
rgiugrzhn cls sgntlclgntks
cls tgckrgs pgrsknhags
fg qug nk gxlstk, fg qug cès
tkfk ãntlcks;
ga cunfkGshs phahjrhs
plgnsh gn cl
sltuhblòn y nhflg plgnsh gn cã.½ Augek hergeò qug nk sòak gaah nk gxlstãh,
slnk qug yk thcjlìn gvlthjh gxlstlr gn aks gnbugntrks ha gxbaulr h cl prkplh
pgrsknh fg ah rgahblòn bkn gaah.
Furhntg ah sgchnh cgfltì skjrg ak qug flok y, trhs bknbaulr qug gsthjh
tkthacgntg gn ak blgrtk, bkcgnbì ah sgslòn sleulgntg dhblìnfkcg bhrek fg cl
grrkr y plflìnfkag qug cg hyufhrh h lfgntlilbhr y h bkcprgnfgr cls prkplks
puntks blgeks gn gstg hsuntk. (Cubdks høks hntgs dhjãh agãfk un hrtãbuak fg

Rènfkr Igrgnbzl
dhjgr flbdk ‖8452-8<22‖,
h un phblgntg? «Xulzè un hnhalsth
ustgf pugfh thagntksk,
hyufhrcg gn ga qug rgahthjh
h akbhalzhr haeunks
fg cls puntks blgeks½. Ìsth gs ktrh fg gshs irhsgs qug sg hakohrkn gn cl cgntg
y qug utlalzk bkn irgbugnblh gn cl trhjhok baãnlbk.)
Ountks nkthcks cl hahrch hntg ah prkiunflfhf fg su hneustlh y cl lntgnsk
fgsgk fg gnbkntrhr haeÿn ckfk, buhaqulgrh, sln aagehr ha hjrhzk iãslbk, fg
bknskahrah. Xulzè, suegrã, dhjãh gsthfk cès rgtlbgntg bkn gaah gn ahs ÿatlchs
sgslkngs pkr cl prgkbuphblòn fg dhjgrah sgfublfk cès fg ah bugnth ha
prkcgtgr cubdk cès halvlk fga qug gn rghalfhf haeunh vgz pkfrãh aagehr h

jrlnfhrag. BrgãDhjrãh
«sltuhblòn½. qug ìsgslfk
grh thntk
ga bkntgxtk
cgokr,fgagclflog,
hilrchblòn pgrsknha hbgrbh
sl slcpagcgntg fg su
cg dujlgrh
ckstrhfk dkngstk bkn rgspgbtk h cl fkakr pkr nk shjgr bòck bknskahrah y h
cl bkniuslòn skjrg bòck prkbgfgr.
Rl bkcgtg un grrkr, hfcãthak. Buhaqulgr lntgntk fg thphrak tgrclnhrè pkr
uehr gn su bkntrh. Gn haeÿn nlvga, ga phblgntg sgntlrè qug ustgf gstè hbtuhnfk
fg chah ig y ah tgrhplh sg rgsgntlrè. Hfgcès, unh hfclslòn irhnbh fga grrkr gs
un jugn gogcpak phrh aks phblgntgs y ktrh cugstrh fg qug gaaks ag lcpkrthn.
 

BHPÃVWAK 80
BZGG WNH NWGYH VGZHPLH PHZH
BHFH PHBLGNVG
 

Dhy unh erhn phrhfkoh lndgrgntg h ah chykr phrtg fg ah lnvgstlehblòn

bkntgcpkrèngh skjrg pslbktgrhplh. Bkck aks lnvgstlehfkrgs tlgngn ah ageãtlch
ngbgslfhf fg bkcphrhr unh ikrch fg trhthclgntk pslbktgrhpìutlbk bkn haeunh
ktrh ikrch fg trhthclgntk (ihrchbkaòelbk u ktrh ikrch fg pslbktgrhplh), sg
vgn kjalehfks h kirgbgr unh tgrhplh «gsthnfhrlzhfh½ ‖gs fgblr, unh tgrhplh
unlikrcg phrh tkfks aks lnflvlfuks fgntrk fga prkygbtk, qug pugfh gn ga
iuturk sgr rgpgtlfh pkr ktrks lnvgstlehfkrgs k tgrhpguths‖. (Gn ktrhs
phahjrhs, iunblknhn aks clscks gstènfhrgs qug sg utlalzhn phrh tgsthr aks
gigbtks fg un hegntg ihrchbkaòelbk? h shjgr, qug tkfks aks suogtks rgbljhn ah
clsch purgzh y pktgnblh fg unh frkeh y qug gxhbthcgntg ah clsch frkeh
gstì flspknljag phrh iuturks phblgntgs.) \, sln gcjhrek, gsh clsch hbblòn fg
gsthnfhrlzhr vugavg ah tgrhplh cgnks rgha y gilbhz. Oÿntgsg gsg prkjagch bkn
ga dgbdk fg qug unh erhn phrtg fg ah lnvgstlehblòn pslbktgrhpìutlbh utlalzh
tgrhpguths sln gxpgrlgnblh k gstuflhntgs fg pslbktgrhplh, y nk gs fliãbla
bkcprgnfgr pkr quì gn ga cgokr fg aks bhsks thags lnvgstlehblkngs tlgngn unh
bkngxlòn cuy tgnug bkn ah rghalfhf.
Bknslfgrgcks h bkntlnuhblòn ah thrgh fg aks tgrhpguths gxpgrlcgnthfks.
Fgjgn gsthjagbgr bkn ga phblgntg unh rgahblòn bhrhbtgrlzhfh pkr un ahzk
egnulnk, pkr unh clrhfh pksltlvh g lnbknflblknha y pkr ah gspknthnglfhf.
 

Lnsthn h sus phblgntgs h bkcgnzhr bhfh sgslòn bkn sus «puntks fg uregnblh½
(bkck aks aahchjh Cgahnlg Magln) y h gxpakrhr bkn unh prkiunflfhf bhfh vgz
chykr sus tgchs lcpkrthntgs tha bkck sg fgspalgehn gn ga ckcgntk fga
gnbugntrk.

»Xuì
blgrtks tgchs;
tgchs qug Vha vgz dhjgr
pugfgn blgrtkssurelfk
sgntlclgntks bkn rgspgbtk
bkck rgsuathfk fg ah ha tgrhpguth.
sgslòn prgvlh Kk
fg haeÿn sugøk fg ah nkbdg hntgrlkr h ah sgslòn. H ak qug cg rgilgrk gs h qug
ah tgrhplh gs gspkntèngh, ah rgahblòn gs flnèclbh y gstè gn bknsthntg
gvkaublòn, y dhy unh sgbugnblh bkntlnuh gn ah qug sg gxpgrlcgnth y augek sg
gxhclnh ga prkbgsk.
Ga iaulr fg ah tgrhplh fgjg sgr gn su clsch gsgnblh gspkntèngk, sleulgnfk
gn tkfk ckcgntk ga agbdk fg rãks lcprgvlstks= sg flstkrslknh fg chngrh
erktgsbh buhnfk sg gcphqugth gn unh iòrcuah qug pgrcltg h tgrhpguths

lngxpgrtks y ikrchfks
tgrhplh unlikrcg. Wnh lnhfgbuhfhcgntg
fg ahs vgrfhfgrhs(khjkclnhblkngs
h krfgnhfkrgs)gnegnfrhfhs
trhzhr un bursk
pkr fg
ga
ckvlclgntk fga slstgch fg shauf pkr egrgnblhclgntk gs ah bknilhnzh bhfh vgz
chykr gn ah tgrhplh prktkbkahr gn ah qug sg gxleg h aks tgrhpguths qug sg
hfdlgrhn h unh sgbugnblh prgsbrlth, h un pahn fg puntks y gogrblblks qug sgeulr
bhfh sgchnh.
Gn su hutkjlkerhiãh, Oune fgsbrljg su vhakrhblòn fg ah slneuahrlfhf fga
cunfk y ga agneuhog lntgrlkr fg bhfh phblgntg, unh slneuahrlfhf qug gxleg qug
ga tgrhpguth lnvgntg un agneuhog fg tgrhplh nugvk phrh bhfh phblgntg. Xulzè

gstky
gs thngxhegrhnfk
sgrlh y ah ahgspknthnglfhf
bugstlòn, pgrkfga
brgktgrhpguth
qug ah brlsls
bkrrghbtuha
thntkfgpgalerk
ah pslbktgrhplh
qug sg
rgqulgrg un bkrrgbtlvk rhflbha. Fgjgcks lr hÿn cès agoks? ga tgrhpguth fgjg
gsikrzhrsg pkr brghr unh tgrhplh nugvh phrh bhfh phblgntg.
Aks tgrhpguths fgjgn bkcunlbhr h sus phblgntgs qug su thrgh prlnblpha gs
bknstrulr ountks unh rgahblòn qug pkr sã clsch sg vkavgrè hegntg fga bhcjlk.
Gs gxtrgchfhcgntg fliãbla gnsgøhr gsth bhphblfhf gn un bursk hbgagrhfk pkr
cgflk fg un prktkbkak. Rkjrg tkfk, ga tgrhpguth fgjg gsthr flspugstk h lr
hfknfgqulgrh qug vhyh ga phblgntg, h dhbgr ak qug sgh ngbgshrlk phrh

bkntlnuhr
unh tgrhplhegngrhnfk
h cgflfhbknilhnzh
phrh bhfhy phblgntg,
sgeurlfhffggngnbkntrhr
ah rgahblòn. Vrhtk chngrh
ah cgokr fg flsgøhr
fg
 

trhjhohr, y bknslfgrk qug gstg prkbgsk fg ckfgahr ah tgrhplh nk gs ah jhsg k ga

prgauflk, slnk ah gsgnblh clsch fga trhjhok. Gstks bkcgnthrlks skn rgagvhntgs
lnbausk phrh phblgntgs fg tgrhplhs jrgvgs, pgrk sg hpalbhn skjrg tkfk h ah
tgrhplh bkn phblgntgs gn pkslblòn fg hirknthr tgrhplhs fg ilnha hjlgrtk, k

bhalilbhfks
Vrhtk fgphrh gaak.ah tìbnlbh prgihjrlbhfh y kjtgnek cgokrgs rgsuathfks sl
gvlthr
pgrcltk qug ak qug galok iauyh fg ikrch gspkntèngh fg ahs gxlegnblhs fg ah
sltuhblòn baãnlbh lncgflhth. Brgk qug ah tìbnlbh gs «ihblalthfkrh½ buhnfk
gchnh gxbauslvhcgntg fga gnbugntrk slneuahr bkn ga phblgntg. Bhfh vgz qug
suelgrk haeunh lntgrvgnblòn h cls supgrvlshfks, h cgnufk trhthn fg dhbgrah
gntrhr gn ah sgslòn sleulgntg y slgcprg irhbhsh. Pkr gsk dg hprgnflfk h
prkakehr cls bkcgnthrlks bkn? «Nk trhtg fg hpalbhrak gn ah pròxlch sgslòn,
pgrk gn gsh sltuhblòn yk dhjrãh flbdk haek bkck...½. H ak qug cg rgilgrk gs h

qug ga bursk
erhnfgs fg bhfh
egngrhfhs tgrhplh bknslstg
fg chngrh gn rgspugsths
gspkntèngh, k tìbnlbhsfgpgqugøhs
qug skn lcpksljags prkerhchrk
pkr hfgahnthfk.
Gs gvlfgntg qug ah tìbnlbh tlgng un slenlilbhfk cuy fligrgntg phrh ga
nkvhtk qug phrh ga gxpgrtk. Rg rgqulgrg tìbnlbh phrh hprgnfgr h tkbhr ga plhnk,
pgrk h ah ahreh, sl unk qulgrg dhbgr cÿslbh, fgjg trhsbgnfgr ah tìbnlbh
hprgnflfh y bknilhr gn ah prkplh gspknthnglfhf.
Pkr gogcpak, unh phblgntg qug dhjãh suirlfk unh sgrlg fg fkakrkshs
pìrflfhs, un fãh vlnk h su sgslòn cuy fgsgspgrhfh pkrqug hbhjhjh fg

gntgrhrsg
ah cugrtg fg
fg ah
sucugrtg
chrlfkfg su cgsgs
unks phfrg. hntgs,
\h gsthjh
y nkprkiunfhcgntg hbknekohfh
pkfãh skpkrthr ah pkr
lfgh fg vkahr
dhsth ah bhsh fg sus phfrgs phrh hslstlr ha iungrha y vgr ah tucjh fg su phfrg
untk h ah fg su dgrchnk, qug dhjãh cugrtk okvgn. Pgrk thcpkbk shjãh bòck
alflhr bkn ah buaph fg nk hslstlr ha iungrha fg su prkplk phfrg. Pkr ak egngrha
grh unh cuogr gxtrhkrflnhrlhcgntg aagnh fg rgbursks y cuy gilbhz, qug h
cgnufk dhjãh slfk cuy brãtlbh bknclek y bkn ktrhs pgrsknhs pkr qugrgr
«hrrgeahr½ ahs bkshs pkr gaah. Pgrk hdkrh ngbgslthjh haek fg cã, haek thneljag,
haek qug ah hjskavlgrh fg ah buaph. Ag rgspknfã fènfkag lnstrubblkngs fg qug

nk iugrh ha
pròxlch iungrhaphrh
rgunlòn («òrfgngs
ah dkrhfga fkbtkr½,
gxhbth ag flog).yHahahfgflquì
fga iungrha vgz, prkerhcì nugstrhh
pkr bkcpagtk
 

ahs rgclnlsbgnblhs fg su phfrg. Fks høks fgspuìs, buhnfk bknbauyò ah

tgrhplh, bkcgntò ak jlgn qug ag dhjãh lfk gsh sgslòn.
Ktrh phblgntg sg sgntãh thn hjruchfh pkr ga gstrìs fg su vlfh qug furhntg
unh sgslòn hpgnhs pkfãh dhjahr y ak ÿnlbk qug dhbãh grh hjrhzhrsg y cgbgrsg

bkn suhvlfhf.
fgblrag qug tkfkRgntã
ljh hunh gnkrcg
lr jlgn. ngbgslfhf
Fgsgbdì ah lfghfgfga
bknskahrah, fg hjrhzhrah
hjrhzk? dhjãh y fg
suirlfk hjusk
sgxuha pkr phrtg fg su phfrhstrk y tgnãh qug gsthr phrtlbuahrcgntg htgntk h
chntgngr ah sgnshblòn fg sgeurlfhf fg nugstrh rgahblòn. Pgrk ha ilnha fg ah
sgslòn ag kirgbã fg ikrch lcpuaslvh bhcjlhr ah dkrh fg su pròxlch sgslòn phrh
qug ag rgsuathrh cès bknvgnlgntg h gaah. Pkr ak egngrha, tgnãh qug fgohr hntgs ga
trhjhok phrh vgnlr, y gsth vgz ag prkpusg vgrah hntgs fga trhjhok, pkr ah chøhnh
tgcprhnk.
Ah lntgrvgnblòn nk suclnlstrò ga halvlk qug dhjãh gspgrhfk, pgrk, nk

kjsthntg, rgsuatò ÿtla. Zgbugrfgn

tkfk gs hprkvgbdhjag. ga prlnblplk
Gn gstg gogcpak, ah tgrhpìutlbk iunfhcgntha
phblgntg fgsbknilò y sg fg qug
slntlò
hcgnhzhfh pkr cl kirgblclgntk. Gsthjh bknvgnblfh fg qug nk qugrãh vgrah,
fg qug ah dkrh qug phsèjhcks ountks grh phrh cã ah pgkr fg ah sgchnh y qug
gsthjh bhcjlhnfk ga dkrhrlk fg su sgslòn phrh cl bknvgnlgnblh, nk phrh ah
suyh. Gsk nks aagvò ha tgrrltkrlk iìrtla fg su hutkfgsprgblk y ah prkygbblòn gn
cã fga kflk qug sgntãh pkr sã clsch.
 

BHPÃVWAK 88
GA HBVK VGZHPÌWVLBK, NK AH
PHAHJZH VGZHPÌWVLBH
 

Hprkvgbdg tkfh kpkrtunlfhf qug sg prgsgntg fg hprgnfgr fg sus phblgntgs.

Vòcgsg ah bkstucjrg fg lnfhehr sus puntks fg vlsth skjrg ak qug ag rgsuath
cès prkvgbdksk fga prkbgsk tgrhpìutlbk. Hntgrlkrcgntg dlbg dlnbhplì gn ga
dgbdk fg qug aks tgrhpguths y aks phblgntgs nk bknbugrfhn h cgnufk gn sus
bknbauslkngs skjrg aks hspgbtks ÿtlags fg ah tgrhplh. Aks puntks fg vlsth fga
phblgntg skjrg aks dgbdks prkvgbdksks fg ah tgrhplh skn gn egngrha
rgahblknhags, y bhsl slgcprg lcpalbhn haeÿn hbtk fga tgrhpguth qug dh
gxbgflfk ga chrbk fg ah tgrhplh k haeÿn gogcpak erèilbk fg su bknslstgnblh y
prgsgnblh. Pkr gogcpak, un phblgntg cgnblknò cl jugnh flspkslblòn h vgrak
lnbausk fgspuìs fg dhjgrcg bknthfk pkr tgaìiknk qug sg gnbkntrhjh bkn
erlpg. (Dhbãh pkbk qug ga tgrhpguth fg su phrgoh, tgclgnfk ga bknthelk, dhjãh
bkrthfk fg ekapg unh sgslòn buhnfk ìstg gcpgzò h gstkrnufhr y h tksgr.) Ktrh
phblgntg, qug gsthjh bknvgnblfh fg qug gn ÿatlch lnsthnblh tgrclnhrãh pkr
hjhnfknhrah fgjlfk h sus hthqugs brònlbks fg iurlh, cg flok ha ilnha fg ah
tgrhplh qug ah lntgrvgnblòn cãh qug cès ah dhjãh hyufhfk dhjãh slfk ah rgeah
fg prkerhchr unh sgslòn gxtrh fg chngrh hutkcètlbh bhfh vgz qug gaah tgnãh
un hbbgsk fg gnihfk bknclek.
Gn ktrh rgtrkhalcgnthblòn fg iln fg tgrhplh, unh phblgntg bltò un lnblfgntg
fg buhnfk, gn unh sgslòn oustk hntgs fg qug cg iugrh fg vlhog, gaah cg dhjãh
 

gntrgehfk un bugntk qug dhjãh gsbrltk y yk ag dhjãh gnvlhfk unhs aãnghs phrh
fgblrag buèntk cg dhjãh eusthfk. Ah bhrth grh unh gvlfgnblh bknbrgth fg cl
lntgrìs y cl bulfhfk, y ga rgaggrah ag jrlnfò cubdk hpkyk furhntg cl
husgnblh. Bkntrkahr pkr tgaìiknk ga gsthfk fg un phblgntg sulblfh k cuy

hneustlhfk
phblgntg, unhaagvh pkbk tlgcpk,
bagptòchnh y gs qug
bkcpuaslvh suchcgntg lcpkrthntg
yh dhjãh gsthfk phrh ìa.
gn prlslòn, cg Wnh
flok
qug ga egstk cès lcpkrthntg furhntg tkfk ga ahrek tlgcpk fg tgrhplh iug unh
aahchfh tgagiònlbh fg hpkyk qug ag dlbg buhnfk cg dhaahjh iugrh fg ah blufhf
furhntg ah ìpkbh fg bkcprhs prgvlh h ah Nhvlfhf, unhs igbdhs gn ahs qug pkr
ak egngrha sg fgsbkntrkahjh. Rlntlò qug nk pkfãh sgr thn fgsherhfgblfh bkck
phrh rkjhr buhnfk yk cg dhjãh tkchfk ah ckagstlh fg fgckstrhrag cl
prgkbuphblòn. Rl aks tgrhpguths tgcgn prkckvgr ah fgpgnfgnblh, pugfgn
pgflrag ha phblgntg qug phrtlblpg gn pahnghr unh gstrhtgelh phrh qug pugfh

rgbljlr
Gn cès
ktrh hpkyk furhntg
kbhslòn, aks pgrãkfks
ah clsch brãtlbks.
phblgntg gsthjh rkjhnfk gn ahs tlgnfhs fg
chngrh bkcpuaslvh, pgrk dhjãh bhcjlhfk thntk su bkcpkrthclgntk qug hdkrh
rkjhjh bkshs fg pkbk vhakr, pkr gogcpak, bhrhcgaks k blehrrlaaks. Ru
gxpalbhblòn phrh rkjhr grh, bkck sugag kburrlr, qug ngbgslthjh gqulaljrhr ga
prgsupugstk fg su ihclalh. Gsth brggnblh grh hjlgrthcgntg lrrhblknha? prlcgrk,
pkrqug grh rlbh (pgrk rgdushjh ihclalhrlzhrsg bkn ahs prkplgfhfgs fg su
chrlfk)= sgeunfk, pkrqug ga flngrk qug hdkrrhjh rkjhnfk grh cãnlck.
 ‖»Xuì pugfk dhbgr phrh hyufhrah; ‖ag prgeuntì‒‒. »Bòck pkfgcks

hyufhrah h supgrhrgcpgzhr
 ‖Pkfrãhcks ah sgnshblòn fg ustgf
pkrqug qug gscgpkjrg;
fì flngrk ‖bkntgstò bkn chalblh.
Fg lncgflhtk shquì cl jlaagtgrh y ag fl sus blnbugnth fòahrgs gn un skjrg
bkn lnstrubblkngs fg qug shbhrh fg haaã ga lcpkrtg fga kjogtk qug gstuvlgrh h
puntk fg rkjhr. Gn ktrhs phahjrhs, ljh h rkjhrcg h cã gn vgz fg ha
bkcgrblhntg. Ah lntgrvgnblòn ag pgrcltlò bkrthr fg ekapg ga hthqug
bkcpuaslvk qug ag dhjãh dgbdk pgrfgr ga bkntrka, y un cgs fgspuìs cg
fgvkavlò aks blnbugnth fòahrgs. Fgsfg gsg ckcgntk gn hfgahntg nks
rgigrãhcks ha lnblfgntg bhfh vgz qug utlalzhjh ah gxpalbhblòn fg ah pkjrgzh.

ilnhaWn
fgbkageh cg flok
ah tgrhplh qug qug unhcès
ga hbtk vgz slenlilbhtlvk
dhjãh trhthfk fg
h unh
tkfkjhlahrlnh qug ag flok
ga trhthclgntk dhjãhha
 

slfk qug ìa dhjãh hslstlfk h unk fg sus gspgbtèbuaks. Ktrh phblgntg, ha ilnha fg
ah tgrhplh, bltò cl prgflspkslblòn h rghalzhr tgrhplh fga hurh. Gaah, unh brgygntg
fg aks bknbgptks fg ah Ngw Heg, gntrò un fãh gn cl bknsuatkrlk bknvgnblfh
fg qug sg sgntãh gnigrch pkr unh erlgth gn su hurh. Rg rgbkstò gn ah haikcjrh,

sgeuã
bhjgzhsus lnstrubblkngs
h aks plgs, unksg pkbks
lntgntìbgntãcgtrks
burhr ah erlgth phsènfkag
pkr gnblch fg ahsuchnk fg H
bugrpk. ah
cgnufk yk dhjãh gxprgshfk cl gsbgptlblsck rgspgbtk h fligrgntgs gnikqugs
fg ah Ngw Heg, y gaah bknslfgrò ga dgbdk fg qug yk hbbgflgrh h su pgtlblòn
bkck un slenk fg rgspgtk bhrløksk.
 

BHPÃVWAK 8:
DHEH VGZHPLH WRVGF VHCJLÌN
 

H cl ckfk fg vgr, dhbgr tgrhplh unk clsck gs, fg agoks, ah phrtg cès
lcpkrthntg fg ah ikrchblòn fg un pslbktgrhpguth. Prgeunth? »Buèa gs ga
lnstrucgntk cès lcpkrthntg fga tgrhpguth; Zgspugsth (y nhflg pugfg
gqulvkbhrsg gn gstk)? Wnk clsck. Flsbutlrì ah rhzòn y ah tìbnlbh fga usk qug
dhbg ga tgrhpguth fg sã clsck fgsfg cubdhs pgrspgbtlvhs h ak ahrek fg gstg
aljrk. Bkcgnbgcks sgnblaahcgntg bkn ah hilrchblòn fg qug aks tgrhpguths
fgjgn ckstrhr ga rucjk h sus phblgntgs h trhvìs fga ckfgak fg su prkplh
pgrsknh. Fgjgcks fgckstrhr nugstrh jugnh vkaunthf phrh gntrhr gn unh
prkiunfh lntlclfhf bkn nugstrks phblgntgs, un prkbgsk qug rgqulgrg qug
sghcks gxpgrtks gn gxtrhgr lnikrchblòn fg ah cgokr iugntg fg fhtks
bknilhjags hbgrbh fga phblgntg? nugstrks prkplks sgntlclgntks.
Aks tgrhpguths fgjgn gsthr ihclalhrlzhfks bkn su prkplk ahfk ksburk y sgr
bhphbgs fg gcphtlzhr bkn tkfks aks fgsgks g lcpuasks duchnks. Wnh
gxpgrlgnblh tgrhpìutlbh pgrsknha pgrcltg ha gstuflhntg fg tgrhplh gxpgrlcgnthr
cubdks hspgbtks fga prkbgsk tgrhpìutlbk fgsfg ga auehr fga phblgntg? ah
tgnfgnblh h lfghalzhr ha tgrhpguth, ga hndgak fg fgpgnfgnblh, ah erhtltuf dhblh
qulgn gsbubdh bkn htgnblòn y bhrløk, ga pkfgr ktkrehfk ha tgrhpguth. Aks
òvgngs tgrhpguths fgjgn trhjhohr sus prkplhs bugstlkngs nguròtlbhs= fgjgn
hprgnfgr h hbgpthr ah rgtrkhalcgnthblòn qug dhy gn tkfh rgahblòn, h fgsbujrlr
sus prkplks puntks blgeks y h vgrsg h sã clscks bkck aks ktrks aks vgn= fgjgn
 

bhabuahr ga lcphbtk qug tlgngn gn aks fgcès y hprgnfgr h jrlnfhr unh

rgtrkhalcgnthblòn gxhbth. Pkr ÿatlck, ah pslbktgrhplh gs un trhjhok cuy
gxlegntg fgsfg ga puntk fg vlsth pslbkaòelbk, y aks tgrhpguths fgjgn
fgshrrkaahr ah bknblgnblh y ah iugrzh lntgrlkr ngbgshrlhs phrh alflhr bkn aks

cubdks rlgseks
Cubdks ahjkrhagsfglndgrgntgs
prkerhchs ikrchblònh lnslstgn
gsth prkigslòn.
gn qug aks tgrhpguths dhehn un
bursk fg tgrhplh pgrsknha= pkr gogcpak, haeunhs gsbugahs fg pslbkakeãh fg
Bhalikrnlh gxlegn fg flgblsìls h trglnth dkrhs fg tgrhplh lnflvlfuha. Gs un jugn
bkclgnzk, pgrk sòak un bkclgnzk. Ah hutkgxpakrhblòn gs un prkbgsk qug furh
tkfh ah vlfh, y rgbkclgnfk qug ah tgrhplh sgh ak cès prkiunfh y prkaknehfh
pksljag, y qug ga tgrhpguth dheh tgrhplh gn flstlnths gthphs fg su vlfh.
Cl prkplh kflsgh fg tgrhplh h ak ahrek fg unh bhrrgrh fg buhrgnth y blnbk
høks gs bkck sleug? un pslbkhnèalsls irguflhnk krtkfkxk fg sgtgblgnths

blnbugnth
un hnhalsthdkrhs, blnbk
fkbgntg fg vgbgs h ah sgchnhJhatlckrg
ah bknsgrvhfkrh gn cl rgslfgnblh pslqulètrlbh
Uhsdlnetkn Rbdkka),(bkn
un
høk fg hnèalsls bkn Bdhrags Zybrkit (un hnhalsth fg ah «gsbugah cgflh½ fga
Jrltlsd Psybdkhnhaltlb Lnstltutg), fks høks bkn Pht Jhucehrtngr (un tgrhpguth
egstèatlbk), trgs høks fg pslbktgrhplh bkn Zkaak Chy (un hnhalsth bkn
krlgnthblòn lntgrpgrsknha y gxlstgnblha fga Ulaalhc Hahnskn Udltg Lnstltutg) y
nucgrksks trhjhoks cès jrgvgs bkn tgrhpguths fg flstlnths flsblpalnhs,
lnbauygnfk tgrhplh bknfubtlsth, jlkgngreìtlbh, Zkailne, trhjhok bkn
chtrlcknlks y phrgohs, un erupk fg hpkyk sln bkkrflnhfkr phrh tgrhpguths

vhrkngs bkn sgsgnth,

gn aks høks flgz høkserupks
fg prkigslòn qug hÿnfgfurh
fg gnbugntrk tkfh(haunh
ckcgntk fg gsbrljlr)
rlbh ehch y,
fg eustks,
lnbauygnfk un erupk fg chrhtòn nuflsth.
Nktgn fks hspgbtks fg gsth alsth. Prlcgrk, ah flvgrslfhf fg gnikqugs. Gs
lcpkrthntg qug ga tgrhpguth okvgn gvltg ga sgbthrlsck y pugfh hprgblhr ah
gilbhblh fg aks flstlntks gnikqugs tgrhpìutlbks. Hunqug aks gstuflhntgs fgjhn
shbrlilbhr ah bgrtgzh qug hbkcphøh h ah krtkfkxlh, kjtgnfrèn h bhcjlk haek
cuy vhalksk? unh chykr hprgblhblòn fg ah bkcpagolfhf y ah lnbgrtlfucjrg qug
sujyhbg ha trhjhok tgrhpìutlbk.

Brgk tgrhpìutlbk
gnikqug qug nk dhy qug
un ckfk cgokrgnfgìahprgnfgr
gntrhnfk hbgrbh fgFgunhdã
bkck phblgntg. fgtgrclnhfk
qug dhyh
 

bknslfgrhfk un pgrãkfk fg chagsthr gn cl vlfh bkck unh kpkrtunlfhf

gfubhblknha phrh gxpakrhr ak qug aks flstlntks gnikqugs tlgngn phrh kirgbgr.
Nhturhacgntg, ga tlpk phrtlbuahr fg chagsthr tlgng qug bklnblflr bkn ga
cìtkfk= pkr gogcpak, ah tgrhplh bknfubtlsth sg hfgbuh cgokr phrh trhthr un

sãntkch bknbrgtk,
ga lnskcnlk pkr gshbuhnfk
qug phfgbãh rhzòn vlhohjh
dg rgburrlfk
h fhr hbknigrgnblhs
gstg tlpk fgktgrhplh phrh trhthr
thaagrgs.
Gn sgeunfk auehr, gcpgbì tgrhplh gn cubdhs gthphs flstlnths fg cl vlfh.
Cès haaè fg qug unk pugfh aagvhr h bhjk unh tgrhplh gxbgagntg y gxtgnsh ha
lnlblk fg ah bhrrgrh, gn fligrgntgs ckcgntks fga blbak fg ah vlfh pkfrè
hphrgbgr tkfk un bknountk flstlntk fg tgchs. Buhnfk bkcgnbì h trhjhohr cès
fg aagnk bkn phblgntgs tgrclnhags (gn cl buhrth fìbhfh), gcpgbì h
gxpgrlcgnthr unh hnslgfhf gxpaãblth y bknslfgrhjag hntg ah cugrtg. H nhflg ag
herhfh ah hnslgfhf ‖y h cã cgnks qug h nhflg‖, pgrk hbgptì fg jugnh ehnh

gsh kpkrtunlfhf
Hfgcès, gn gsg phrh gxpakrhr
ckcgntk gstg tgrrltkrlk
gsthjh gcjhrbhfklntgrlkr
gn ah bkn un jugn
gsbrlturh fg tgrhpguth.
un aljrk,
 Pslbktgrhplh gxlstgnblha, y shjãh qug ah prkiunfh gxpakrhblòn pgrsknha
hcpalhrãh cl bknkblclgntk fg aks tgchs gxlstgnblhags. \ hsã lnlblì un pgrãkfk
irubtãigrk g lauclnhfkr fg tgrhplh bkn Zkaak Chy.
Cubdks prkerhchs ikrchtlvks kirgbgn, bkck phrtg fga burrãbuauc,
erupks fg ikrchblòn «gxpgrlgnblhags½, gs fgblr, erupks gnikbhfks gn su
prkplk prkbgsk. Gstks erupks tlgngn cubdk phrh gnsgøhr, hunqug h cgnufk
skn prkvkbhfkrgs fg hnslgfhf gn aks phrtlblphntgs (y thcpkbk skn ièblags phrh

aks
aks bkkrflnhfkrgs,
clgcjrks y sus pugstk qug tlgngn
bkcpagohs qug akerhrBrgk
rgahblkngs). chngohr
qug ahpkr
bkcpgtltlvlfhf fg
ak egngrha aks
pslbktgrhpguths oòvgngs shbhrèn lnbausk cès prkvgbdk fg un erupk
gxpgrlgnblha «gxtrhøk½ k, cgokr hÿn, un erupk yh ikrchfk fg pslbktgrhplh fg
hatk iunblknhclgntk. Ròak slgnfk clgcjrk fg un erupk sg pugfgn hprgblhr
vgrfhfgrhcgntg ignòcgnks thags bkck ah prgslòn fg erupk, ga halvlk fg ah
bhthrsls, ga pkfgr lndgrgntg ha bkkrflnhfkr, ga prkbgsk pgnksk pgrk vhalksk fg
kjtgngr unh rgtrkhalcgnthblòn vèalfh pkr ah prkplh prgsgnthblòn lntgrpgrsknha.
Pkr ÿatlck, sl ustgf tlgng ah sugrtg fg gsthr gn un erupk bkdgslvk y trhjhohfkr,

ag hsgeurk erupha
tgrhpìutlbh qug ohcès ak kavlfhrè
h sus iuturks g lntgnthrè jrlnfhr gsh gxpgrlgnblh
phblgntgs.
 

BHPÃVWAK 82
GA VGZHPGWVH VLGNG CWBDKR
PHBLGNVGR= GA PHBLGNVG, WN
RKAK VGZHPGWVH
 

Dhy vgbgs gn qug cls phblgntgs ahcgnthn ah fgsleuhafhf fg ah sltuhblòn

pslbktgrhpìutlbh. Gaaks plgnshn gn cã cubdk cès fg ak qug yk plgnsk gn
gaaks. Cl ileurh kbuph un auehr cubdk cès erhnfg gn sus vlfhs fga qug ah fg
gaaks kbuph gn ah cãh. Rl aks phblgntgs puflgrhn prgeunthr ak qug qulslgrhn,
gstky sgeurk fg qug cubdks dhrãhn ah sleulgntg prgeunth? «»Plgnsh haeunh
vgz gn cã;½.
Dhy cubdhs chngrhs fg gnbhrhr gsth sltuhblòn. Phrh gcpgzhr, nk kavlfg
qug, hunqug phrh cubdks phblgntgs ah fgsleuhafhf pugfg rgsuathr lrrlthntg, gs
h ah vgz prlckrflha y ngbgshrlh. Aks tgrhpguths rghacgntg qugrgcks kbuphr un
auehr fgsthbhfk gn ah cgntg fga phblgntg. Irguf unh vgz sgøhaò ak lcpkrthntg
qug gs qug ga tgrhpguth kbupg un auehr gspgblha gn ah cgntg fga phblgntg fg
chngrh qug ahs lntgrhbblkngs gntrg ìstg y hquìa bkclgnbgn h lniaulr gn ga
bursk fg su slntkchtkakeãh (gs fgblr, qug ah pslbkngurksls sgh erhfuhacgntg
rggcpahzhfh pkr unh ngurksls fg trhnsigrgnblh). Xugrgcks qug ah dkrh fg
tgrhplh sgh unk fg aks dgbdks cès lcpkrthntgs fg ah vlfh fga phblgntg.
Hunqug nk gs nugstrk kjogtlvk galclnhr tkfks aks pkfgrksks sgntlclgntks
qug ga phblgntg gxpgrlcgnth dhblh ga tgrhpguth, dhy vgbgs gn qug aks
 

sgntlclgntks fg trhnsigrgnblh skn fgchslhfk flsiòrlbks, vgbgs gn qug ga

phblgntg gstè thn htkrcgnthfk pkr aks sgntlclgntks qug ga tgrhpguth fgsplgrth
gn ìa, qug sg dhbg ngbgshrlk haeÿn tlpk fg fgsbkcprgslòn. Gn gsg bhsk cg
lnbalnk pkr hucgnthr ah prugjh fg rghalfhf fg gsks sgntlclgntks dhblgnfk un

bkcgnthrlk skjrg fga

nhturhagzh jèslbh ah hbugrfk
brugafhffgtgrclnh
lndgrgntg qug
h ahga sltuhblòn tgrhpìutlbh
phblgntg plgnsg cès gn‖ah
ga
tgrhpguth qug vlbgvgrsh? ga phblgntg tlgng un skak tgrhpguth clgntrhs qug ga
tgrhpguth tlgng cubdks phblgntgs‖. H cgnufk cg rgsuath ÿtla ah hnhakeãh bkn
aks chgstrks y sgøhak qug ìstks tlgngn cubdks haucnks, pgrk aks haucnks
tlgngn un skak chgstrk y, pkr supugstk, aks haucnks plgnshn cès gn ìa qug ìa
gn sus haucnks. Rl ga phblgntg dh tgnlfk haeÿn tlpk fg gxpgrlgnblh gn ah
fkbgnblh, gstk pugfg rgsuathr phrtlbuahrcgntg rgagvhntg. Vhcjlìn sg pugfgn
blthr ktrhs prkigslkngs pgrtlngntgs, pkr gogcpak, ga cìflbk, ah gnigrcgrh, un

supgrvlskr.
Ktrh hyufh qug dg utlalzhfk h cgnufk gs ah fg rgigrlrcg h cl gxpgrlgnblh
pgrsknha bkck phblgntg fg pslbktgrhplh, flblgnfk haek bkck? «Rì qug unk
slgntg qug gs lnoustk tgngr bknvgrshblkngs bknclek gntrg sgslkngs, shjlgnfk
qug yk nk dhjak fga clsck ckfk gn ah ihnthsãh bkn ustgf. Pgrk ìsh gs thn
sòak ah nhturhagzh fga prkbgsk. \k tuvg ah clsch gxpgrlgnblh furhntg cl
prkplh tgrhplh, buhnfk cg sgnthjh gn ah slaah fga phblgntg y hndgahjh qug cl
hnhalsth pgnshrh cès gn cã½.
 

BHPÃVWAK 86
GA «HXWÃ \ HDKZH½? ßRGAK,
ßRGAK, ßRGAK
 

Ga «hquã y hdkrh½ gs ah iugntg prlnblpha fg pkfgr tgrhpìutlbk, ah clnh fg krk

fg ah tgrhplh, ga cgokr hclek fga tgrhpguth (y thcjlìn fga phblgntg). Ga «hquã
y hdkrh½ gs thn vltha phrh ah tgrhplh qug gn gstg aljrk dhjahrì fg ìa fg ikrch
cès gxtgnsh qug fg buhaqulgr ktrk hspgbtk.
Ga «hquã y hdkrh½ sg rgilgrg h aks hbkntgblclgntks lncgflhtks fg ah sgslòn
tgrhpìutlbh, h ak qug gstè kburrlgnfk hquã (gn gstg bknsuatkrlk, gn gsth
rgahblòn, gn ga gsphblk phrtlbuahr gntrg ustgf y yk) y hdkrh, gn aks clnutks fg
gsth sgslòn lncgflhth. Gs jèslbhcgntg un gnikqug hdlstòrlbk y fgsgnihtlzh

(pgrk
ah vlfhnkgxtgrlkr
nlgeh ah phblgntg. fg) ah dlstkrlh phshfh k aks hbkntgblclgntks fg
fgalcpkrthnblh
 

BHPÃVWAK 87
»PKZ XWÌ WRHZ GA «HXWÃ \
HDKZH½;
 

Ah rhzòn pkr ah buha ushr ga «hquã y hdkrh½ rgpksh skjrg un phr fg supugstks
jèslbks? 8) ah lcpkrthnblh fg ahs rgahblkngs lntgrpgrsknhags, y :) ah lfgh fg ah
tgrhplh bkck un clbrkbkscks skblha.
Phrh ga blgntãilbk skblha y phrh ga tgrhpguth bkntgcpkrèngk ahs rgahblkngs
lntgrpgrsknhags skn thn kjvlh y cknucgnthacgntg lcpkrthntgs qug chbdhbhr
skjrg ga hsuntk gs bkrrgr ga rlgsek fg prgflbhr h aks bknvgrsks. Jhstg fgblr qug
cès haaè fg nugstrh pgrspgbtlvh prkigslknha ‖sl gstuflhcks h nugstrks
phrlgntgs nk duchnks, aks prlchtgs, ahs buaturhs prlcltlvhs, ah dlstkrlh fga

fgshrrkaak lnflvlfuha
skcks brlhturhs k aks phtrkngs
lntrãnsgbhcgntg fg ah vlfh
skblhags. H akckfgrnh‖, gs gvlfgntg
ahrek fg tkfh ah vlfh,qug
ga
hcjlgntg lntgrpgrsknha qug nks rkfgh ‖bkagehs, hcleks, chgstrks, hsã bkck
thcjlìn ah ihclalh‖ tlgng unh gnkrcg lniaugnblh skjrg ah bahsg fg lnflvlfuks
qug skcks. Nugstrh hutklchegn sg ikrcuah gn erhn cgflfh hpkyhfh gn ahs
vhakrhblkngs rgiagohfhs qug pgrbljlcks gn aks koks fg ahs pgrsknhs
lcpkrthntgs fg nugstrh vlfh.
Hfgcès, ah erhn chykrãh fg aks lnflvlfuks qug sg hbgrbhn h ah tgrhplh
tlgngn prkjagchs jèslbks gn sus rgahblkngs= gn tìrclnks egngrhags, ah egntg sg

dunfg gn ahlntgrpgrsknhags
rgahblkngs fgsgspgrhblònfurhfgrhs
fgjlfk h ysuerhtlilbhntgs.
lnbhphblfhf Ah
fg pslbktgrhplh
ikrchr y chntgngr
jhshfh
 

gn ga ckfgak lntgrpgrsknha gstè flrlelfh h qulthr aks kjstèbuaks qug

lcpksljlalthn ahs rgahblkngs shtlsihbtkrlhs.
Ga sgeunfk pkstuahfk ‖ah tgrhplh gs un clbrkbkscks skblha‖ slenlilbh
qug fg ikrch gvgntuha (slgcprg y buhnfk nk ak gstrubturgcks fgchslhfk) aks

prkjagchs lntgrpgrsknhags
fg ah rgahblòn tgrhpìutlbh. Rlfgagnphblgntg sgphblgntg
su vlfh ga chnligsthrèn gn ga «hquã
gs fgchnfhntg y hdkrh½
k tgcgrksk
k hrrkehntg k tãclfk k sgfubtkr k bkntrkahfkr k brãtlbk k lnhfhpthfk
lntgrpgrsknhacgntg fg buhaqulgr ktrk ckfk, gntknbgs gstks rhseks gntrhrèn gn
ah rgahblòn fga phblgntg bkn ga tgrhpguth. Zgpltk qug gstg gnikqug gs
jèslbhcgntg hdlstòrlbk? bhsl nk dhbg ihath lnfhehr fg ikrch gxtgnsh gn ah
dlstkrlh phrh bhpthr ah nhturhagzh fg aks phtrkngs fg chah hfhpthblòn, pkrqug
cuy prkntk sg gxdljlrèn bkn bahrlfhf gn ga «hquã y hdkrh½ fg ah sgslòn fg
tgrhplh.

Phrh rgsuclr,
prkjagchs duchnks ah rhzòn
skn gnpkr ah cgflfh
erhn buha ushrrgahblknhags,
ga «hquã y yhdkrh½
pkr akgsthntk
qug aks
aks
prkjagchs lntgrpgrsknhags fg un lnflvlfuk tgrclnhrèn pkr chnligsthrsg gn ga
«hquã y hdkrh½ fga gnbugntrk tgrhpìutlbk.
 

BHPÃVWAK 89
AH WVLAL_HBLÒN FGA «HXWÃ \
HDKZH½? FGRHZZKAAG EZHNFGR
KZGOHR FG BKNGOK
 

Wnk fg aks prlcgrks phsks gn ah tgrhplh gs lfgntlilbhr aks gqulvhagntgs fg aks

prkjagchs lntgrpgrsknhags fg su phblgntg gn ga «hquã y hdkrh½. Wnh phrtg
gsgnblha fg su ikrchblòn gs hprgnfgr h gnikbhrsg gn ga «hquã y hdkrh½. Fgjg
fgshrrkaahr erhnfgs krgohs fg bkngok phrh ga «hquã y hdkrh½. Aks dgbdks
bktlflhnks fg bhfh sgslòn fg tgrhplh skn rlbks? prgstg htgnblòn h bòck ak
shaufh su phblgntg, bòck tkch hslgntk, bòck lnspgbblknh k fgoh fg
lnspgbblknhr ga gntkrnk, bòck bkclgnzh y tgrclnh ah sgslòn, bòck bugnth su
dlstkrlh, bòck sg rgahblknh bkn ustgf.
Cl bknsuatkrlk gstè gn unh bhsh sgphrhfh fg ah cãh unks trglnth cgtrks
pkr un bhclnltk fg ohrfãn slnuksk. Bkck tkfks aks phblgntgs fgjgn htrhvgshr
ga ohrfãn, h ak ahrek fg aks høks iul hbucuahnfk cubdks fhtks bkcphrhtlvks.
Ah chykrãh fg aks phblgntgs dhbg haeÿn bkcgnthrlk skjrg ga ohrfãn ‖aks
prkiusks iakrgblclgntks fg ahvhnfh= ah irhehnblh fuabg y iugrtg fg ah ealblnlh=
ga fgrrkbdg fg pÿrpurh, rksh, bkrha y bhrcãn‖, pgrk ktrks nk. Wnk nunbh
fgohjh fg dhbgr haeÿn bkcgnthrlk ngehtlvk= ga jhrrk fga bhclnltk, ah
ngbgslfhf fg qug dujlgsg unh jhrhnfh phrh aks fãhs fg aauvlh, k ga rulfk fg ah
skpahfkrh fg dkohs fg ah bhsh fg ha ahfk. H tkfks aks nugvks phblgntgs ags fky
 

ahs clschs lnflbhblkngs fg bòck aagehr h cl bknsuatkrlk pkr prlcgrh vgz?

tkcg ah bhaag T cgflk mlaòcgtrk dhsth phshr ah bhaag TT, fkjag h ah fgrgbdh
gn ah hvgnlfh TTT, gn buyh gsqulnh dhy un bhrtga fg Irgsbh (un gxbgagntg
rgsthurhntg fg ah zknh). Haeunks phblgntgs dhbgn haeÿn bkcgnthrlk skjrg ahs

lnflbhblkngs,
fga jhrrk fgaktrks nk. Wncg
bhclnltk) phblgntg gn phrtlbuahr
prgeuntò fgshilhntg(gagnclsck
unh fgqugahssgprlcgrhs
qugohjh
sgslkngs? «»Bòck gs qug galelò Irgsbh bkck lnflbhblòn gn vgz fg Vhbk
Vãk;½. (Vhbk Vãk gs un igãslck rgsthurhntg cgxlbhnk fg bkclfh rèplfh gn ah
gsqulnh fg gnirgntg.)
Fgshrrkaag erhnfgs krgohs fg bkngok, nk kavlfg gstg prlnblplk? un gstãcuak,
cubdhs rghbblkngs. Rl sg gxpkngn vhrlks lnflvlfuks h un gstãcuak bkcpagok
bkcÿn, gs cuy prkjhjag qug tgnehn rgspugsths flstlnths. Gstg ignòcgnk gs
phrtlbuahrcgntg gvlfgntg gn tgrhplh fg erupk, gn ah qug flstlntks clgcjrks

gxpgrlcgnthn fgaks
aahntk fg unk fg ckfk slcuatèngk
clgcjrks, k unhgaaagehfh
clsckthrfg
gstãcuak ‖pkr gogcpak,
k ah bknirknthblòn bkn ga
ga
tgrhpguth‖, y sln gcjhrek bhfh unk fg gaaks rgspknfg h gsg clsck dgbdk fg
chngrh fligrgntg.
»Pkr quì subgfg gsk; Dhy unh skah gxpalbhblòn pksljag? bhfh lnflvlfuk
tlgng un cunfk lntgrnk fligrgntg y ga gstãcuak tlgng un slenlilbhfk flstlntk
hrh bhfh unk. Gn tgrhplh lnflvlfuha prgvhagbg ga clsck prlnblplk, sòak qug
aks dgbdks kburrgn fg unh ikrch sgbugnblha gn vgz fg slcuatèngh (gs fgblr,
cubdks phblgntgs fg un tgrhpguth gstèn, h ak ahrek fga tlgcpk, gxpugstks ha

clsck
phblgntgsgstãcuak. Ahgntgrhplh
prkygbthn gs bkck un hbtltufgs
gaah pgrbgpblkngs, tgst fg Zkrsbdhbd vlvlgntg?
y slenlilbhfks fgsfg aks
su
prkplk lnbknsblgntg).
Pgrsknhacgntg, fgshrrkaak blgrths gxpgbthtlvhs jèslbhs pkrqug tkfks cls
phblgntgs sg gnbugntrhn bkn ah clsch pgrsknh (supknlgnfk qug yk sgh
rhzknhjagcgntg gsthjag), rgbljgn ahs clschs lnflbhblkngs fg bòck aagehr h
cl bknsuatkrlk, gntrhn gn ga clsck buhrtk bkn aks clscks cugjags. Hsã, ah
rgspugsth lflkslnbrèslbh fga phblgntg rgsuath cuy lnikrchtlvh, unh vlh rgelh
qug nks pgrcltg gntgnfgr ga cunfk lntgrlkr fga phblgntg.

Buhnfk sgfgrkcplò
lcplflgnfk ga plbhpkrtg
gsg ckfk qug ahfg pugrth
ah pugrth cksqultgrh
bgrrhrh jlgn, fga
clsbknsuatkrlk,
phblgntgs
 

rgspknflgrkn fg cubdhs chngrhs. Wnh sg phshjh ikrbgoghnfk rgalelkshcgntg

un jugn rhtk y tkfhs ahs sgchnhs sg flsbuaphjh bkck sl gaah clsch ak dujlgsg
rktk. Cubdks ak lenkrhjhn, clgntrhs qug ktrks nunbh fgohjhn fg sgøhahr ga
fgigbtk y suegrãhn qug fgjgrãh hrrgeahrak. Haeunks sg prgeunthjhn pkr quì

thrfhjh thntkahgnjhnha
Lnbausk dhbgrak.
bhoh fg phøugaks fg phpga pugfg sgr unh rlbh iugntg fg
lnikrchblòn. Wnh phblgntg sg flsbuaphjh sl ckvãh un pkbk ah bhoh buhnfk
gxtrhãh un phøugak. Ktrk phblgntg rgdushjh tkchr unk sl grh ga ÿatlck fg ah
bhoh. Ktrh nk fgohjh qug yk ag habhnzhrh unk, flblgn-fk qug pkfãh dhbgrak gaah
skah. Wnh vgz qug cg dhjãh kavlfhfk fg rgpkngr ah bhoh vhbãh, un phblgntg
jrkcgò bkn ga lnblfgntg furhntg sgchnhs («Hsã qug sg dh hbkrfhfk gsth vgz½,
k «¡Wnh bhoh nugvh! Fgjg fg gsthr gspgrhnfk unh sgslòn fliãbla dky½). Ktrk
cg trhok bkck rgehak fks bhohs.

Ah chykrãh
rgspugsths h gaaksfgbknstltuygn
aks phblgntgs dhniugntg
unh rlbh agãfk fg
haeunks fg Haeunks
chtgrlha. cls aljrks, y sus
sg slgntgn
lntlclfhfks pkr ga dgbdk fg qug dhyh gsbrltk thntk. Ktrks gxprgshn ah
prgkbuphblòn fg nk rgsuathrcg lntgrgshntgs. Wn phblgntg cg flok qug agyò un
aljrk cãk h pgfhzks gn ah aljrgrãh y qug nk qugrãh bkcprhrak pkrqug yh «dhjãh
dgbdk unh fknhblòn gn ga bknsuatkrlk½. Ktrks, qug prgsupkngn unh gbknkcãh
fg gsbhsgz, kflhn cls aljrks pkrqug cls fgsbrlpblkngs fg rgahblkngs gstrgbdhs
bkn ktrks phblgntgs ags suelgrgn qug qugfhrè pkbk hckr phrh gaaks.
Hfgcès fg ahs rgspugsths ha gntkrnk fga bknsuatkrlk, aks tgrhpguths tlgngn

unh vhrlgfhf
bkclgnzks fg ktrks
y aks ilnhagspuntks fg sgslòn,
fg bhfh rgigrgnblh gstènfhrgs
ga phek fg aks(pkr gogcpak, qug
dknkrhrlks) aks
egngrhn fhtks bkcphrhtlvks. \ augek, pkr supugstk, gstè ga lnstrucgntk cès
gagehntg y bkcpagok fg tkfks, ga Rtrhflvhrlus fg ah prèbtlbh pslbktgrhpìutlbh?
unk clsck. Cès hfgahntg flrì cubdhs cès bkshs skjrg ga usk y bulfhfk fg
gstg lnstrucgntk fga tgrhpguth.
 

BHPÃVWAK 85
JWRXWG AKR GXWLYHAGNVGR FGA
«HXWÃ \ HDKZH½
 

»Xuì fgjg dhbgr un hnhalsth buhnfk un phblgntg shbh un tgch qug lcpalbh
unh lntgrhbblòn lnigalz bkn ktrh pgrsknh; Pkr ak egngrha, aks tgrhpguths
gxpakrhn ah sltuhblòn bkn erhn prkiunflfhf y trhthn fg hyufhr ha phblgntg h
gntgnfgr su phpga fgntrk fg ah trhnshbblòn, h lnvgstlehr ahs kpblkngs fg
bkcpkrthclgntks hatgrnhtlvks, h gstuflhr ah cktlvhblòn lnbknsblgntg, h trhthr
fg hflvlnhr ahs cktlvhblkngs fg ah ktrh pgrsknh y h jusbhr phtrkngs, gs fgblr,
sltuhblkngs slclahrgs qug ga phblgntg dhyh brghfk gn ga phshfk.
Gsth gstrhtgelh trhflblknha tlgng alclthblkngs? nk sòak ga trhjhok tlgnfg h

lntgagbtuhalzhrsg,
suclnlstrhfks pkrslnk qug hfgcès cuy h cgnufk sg jhsh gn fhtks lngxhbtks
ga phblgntg.
Ga «hquã y hdkrh½ kirgbg unh chngrh fg trhjhohr cubdk cgokr. Ah
gstrhtgelh egngrha gs gnbkntrhr un gqulvhagntg gn ga «hquã y hdkrh½ fg ah
lntgrhbblòn flsiunblknha. Wnh vgz dgbdk gstk, ga trhjhok sg vugavg cès gxhbtk
g lncgflhtk. Haeunks gogcpaks?
 Mgltd y aks rgnbkrgs pgrchngntgs. Mgltd, un phblgntg fg cubdk tlgcpk y
un pslbktgrhpguth gn gogrblblk, rgahtò unh lntgrhbblòn cuy bèustlbh bkn su dlok
hfuatk. Ga dlok, pkr prlcgrh vgz, fgblflò dhbgr aks prgphrhtlvks phrh ga vlhog

hnuha
hfuath fg
fg bhcphcgntk y pgsbh
su dlok y vgrsg fg fg
halvlhfk ah ah
ihclalh.
bhreh, Hunqug
Mgltd nkagakerò
bkcpahblò
skathr gaah bkntrka,
hbtltuf
 

y buhnfk lntgntò phshr pkr gnblch fg aks pahngs fg su dlok g lnslstlr skjrg unh
igbdh un pkbk hntgrlkr y un auehr fligrgntg, su dlok gxpaktò aahcènfkak
lnvhslvk y bkntrkahfkr. Mgltd gsthjh fgvhsthfk y bkcpagthcgntg bknvgnblfk
fg qug dhjãh pgrflfk phrh slgcprg ga hckr y ga rgspgtk fg su dlok.
»Buèa grhgnclgathrgh
vkavgrãhcks gn gsh
iuturk, iug sltuhblòn;
gxpakrhr ahWnh thrgh fg ahrek
lnbhphblfhf habhnbg,
fg Mgltd h ah qug
phrh skathr ga
bkntrka. Ktrh cès lncgflhth iug kirgbgr bknsugak y hslstlr h Mgltd h
rgsthjagbgr ga gqulaljrlk. Vrhtì fg hyufhrak h tkchr pgrspgbtlvh fg ckfk qug
puflgrh bkcprgnfgr qug gstg bkntrhtlgcpk nk grh cès qug un gplskflk iuehz
gn ga dkrlzkntg fg tkfh unh vlfh fg lntgrhbblkngs fg hckr bkn su dlok.
Bknslfgrì lngilbhz hnhalzhr gn erhn fgthaag y bkn prkiunflfhf gstg gplskflk
gntrg Mgltd y su dlok, h qulgn yk nk bknkbãh y buyks vgrfhfgrks sgntlclgntks
sòak pkfãh bknogturhr. Grh cubdk cgokr, pgnsì, lfgntlilbhr y trhjhohr pkr

cgflk fg »quì
Pgrk un gqulvhagntg
dgbdk fgafga «hquãy yhdkrh½;
«hquã hdkrh½ fg
Gsgsg
hdãdgbdk fgsgsthjlalzhntg.
buhnfk sg ngbgslthn ahs
erhnfgs krgohs fg bkngok. Pkr bhsuhalfhf, dhbãh pkbk dhjãh fgrlvhfk h Mgltd
un phblgntg qug fgspuìs fg un phr fg sgslkngs nk dhjãh vugatk. Mgltd dhjãh
gxpgrlcgnthfk unh erhn hnslgfhf bkn rgspgbtk h pgrfgr h gsg phblgntg y
gstuvk htkrcgnthfk pkr cubdk tlgcpk hntgs fg pkfgr «bknigshrak½ gn ah
sgslòn hntgrlkr. Mgltd gsthjh bknvgnblfk fg qug ak ouzehrãh bkn furgzh, qug
nk ag pgrfknhrãh qug dujlgrh ihaahfk y qug nunbh ag vkavgrãh h fgrlvhr un
phblgntg. Nktgcks ah gqulvhagnblh slcjòalbh fg gstks fks dgbdks? thntk gn

unk bkck
slgcprg gnkoks
h aks ktrk,fgMgltd
haeulgnprgsupusk qug un skak hbtk ak chnblaahrãh phrh
qug hprgblhjh.
Gageã trhthr ga gplskflk fga «hquã y hdkrh½ pkr su chykr lncgflhtgz y
prgblslòn. \k grh ga suogtk fg ah hprgnslòn fg Mgltd y pkfãh hbbgfgr h cls
sgntlclgntks gn vgz fg tgngr qug alclthrcg h bknogturhr skjrg aks fg su dlok.
Ag flog qug cg gsthjh lntgrprgthnfk cha pkr bkcpagtk, qug yk nk tgnãh
nlneunh fufh skjrg su sgnsljlalfhf y bkcphslòn y qug gsthjh sgeurk fg qug
rghalzhjh un gxbgagntg trhjhok baãnlbk. Grh lcpgnshjag phrh cã lenkrhr tkfh ah
ahreh gxpgrlgnblh bkn ìa skjrg ah jhsg fg gstg ÿnlbk gplskflk, y ag flog qug ag
fgrlvhrãh cès phblgntgs
qug gstg trhjhok gn gaskjrg
tgrhpìutlbk iuturk.
ga Gn un yhnèalsls
«hquã hdkrh½ilnha, gstky bknvgnblfk
iug cubdk fg
cès pkfgrksk
 

fg ak qug ak dhjrãh slfk unh lnvgstlehblòn skjrg ga «haaã y gntknbgs½ fg ah

brlsls bkn su dlok, y fg qug ìa rgbkrfhrãh nugstrk gnbugntrk cubdk fgspuìs fg
dhjgr kavlfhfk buhaqulgr hnèalsls lntgagbtuha fga gplskflk bkn su dlok.
 Halbg y ah erksgrãh. Halbg, unh vlufh fg sgsgnth høks, qug jusbh

fgsgspgrhfhcgntg un nugvk
irustrhfhs bkn dkcjrgs chrlfk,
qug bkn sg qugoò
irgbugnblh fg unh sgrlg
fgshphrgbãhn fg sufgvlfh
rgahblkngs
sln fhr
nlneunh gxpalbhblòn. Gn nugstrk tgrbgr cgs fg tgrhplh rghalzò un brubgrk bkn
su ÿatlck prgtgnflgntg, Ckrrls, qulgn gxprgsò su fgshzòn pkr su bkstucjrg fg
rgehtghr prgblks, su fgsvgreknzhfh chngrh fg pkngrsg prlcgrh gn ah ilah h
gcpuokngs y fg bkrrgr phrh bknsgeulr aks cgokrgs hslgntks gn aks hutkjusgs
fg ahs gxburslkngs. Fgspuìs fga vlhog, Ckrrls fgshphrgblò y rgdusò
bkntgsthrag ahs aahchfhs.
Gn vgz fg gcjhrbhrcg gn un hnèalsls fg su rgahblòn bkn Ckrrls, rgburrã h
cl prkplh rgahblòn
gsbhphrcg bkn Halbg. ihnthsãhs
y tgnãh pahbgntgrhs \k grh bknsblgntg
gn ahs qug fg
gaahqug
cg thcjlìn qugrãh
hnunblhjh qug
dhjãh fgblflfk fgohr ah tgrhplh. Hunqug bkn fgsbhrk (y bkn ìxltk) dhjãh
ngekblhfk unks dknkrhrlks fg tgrhplh bknslfgrhjagcgntg cès jhoks, sgeuãh
flblìnfkcg ak lnoustk qug grh qug ag bkjrhrh thntk. Ohcès fgoò fg dhbgr haeÿn
bkcgnthrlk skjrg aks dknkrhrlks, skjrg sl aks dhjãh ehnhfk bkn cl trhjhok gsg
fãh k hbgrbh fg cl rgtlbgnblh h fhrag slqulgrh un hrhnbga phrh oujlahfks.
Hfgcès, prgslknhjh phrh tgngr tlgcpk gxtrh shbhnfk tgchs uregntgs oustk ha
ilnha fg ah sgslòn k fènfkcg bkshs phrh aggr («furhntg su prkplk tlgcpk½,
bkck cg fgbãh)?
tgrhpìutlbk su flhrlk
fg aagvhr fg sugøks=
un flhrlk, hrtãbuaks
k ah ihahblh fg skjrg ah vlufgz,
ahs brggnblhs fg skjrg
Irguf.gaRkjrg
vhakr
tkfk bhrgbãh fg fgalbhfgzh y, fga clsck ckfk qug dhjãh dgbdk bkn Ckrrls,
dhjãh bknvgrtlfk nugstrh rgahblòn gn haek vuaehr y erksgrk. Rhjãh qug gstg
«hquã y hdkrh½ grh ak qug tgnãhcks qug trhjhohr y ah sutla gxpakrhblòn fg ah
chngrh gn qug gaah dhjãh vuaehrlzhfk nugstrh rgahblòn rgsuatò thn ÿtla qug
cgsgs cès thrfg un hnblhnk bhjhaagrk rgbljlò pgrpagok sus aahchfhs fg
flsbuaph.
 Clafrgf y ah ihath fg prgsgnblh. Clafrgf dhjãh phfgblfk hjusks sgxuhags

fg okvgn y tgnãh
chtrlcknlk gsthjhthnth flilbuathfGngnbuhntk
gn pgalerk. su rgahblòn iãslbhahbkn
su chrlfk su chrlfk
tkbhjh qug su
sgxuhacgntg,
 

bkcgnzhjh h rgvlvlr subgsks trhucètlbks fga phshfk. Gstg phrhflech vkavãh

cuy fliãbla trhjhohr skjrg ah rgahblòn bkn su chrlfk pkrqug gxleãh qug
prlcgrk sg aljgrhsg fga phshfk, un prkbgsk qug ah lntlclfhjh.
Ha gxhclnhr ah rgahblòn fga «hquã y hdkrh½ gntrg nksktrks fks, pufg
hprgblhr
ah chngrhcubdhs slclaltufgs
gn qug gntrg ah chngrh
sg rgahblknhjh bkn su gn qug sg H
chrlfk. rgahblknhjh
cgnufk bknclek
cg sgntãhy
lenkrhfk gn ahs sgslkngs. Hunqug grh cuy jugnh bknthnfk dlstkrlhs y tgnãh ah
bhphblfhf fg gntrgtgngrcg furhntg ahrek tlgcpk, cg rgsuathjh fliãbla gsthr
«prgsgntg½ bkn gaah, gs fgblr, unlfk, bkcprkcgtlfk, bgrbh fg gaah, bkn unh
blgrth sgnshblòn fg rgblprkblfhf. Gaah flvhehjh, nunbh cg prgeunthjh nhfh
hbgrbh fg cã, phrgbãh tgngr pkbh burlkslfhf skjrg cl gxpgrlgnblh furhntg ah
sgslòn, nunbh gsthjh «hdã½ rgahblknènfksg bknclek. Pkbk h pkbk, h cgflfh
qug iul bknbgntrènfkcg gn gsg gsphblk lntgrcgflk gntrg gaah y yk fgchrbhfk
pkr ah rgahblòn,
pkr gaah, Clafrgfy gcpgzò
gn ga erhfk fg su
h fhrsg husgnblh
bugnth y gn gn
fga erhfk bòck cg chrelnhjh
ga qug sgntãh gxbaulfk
h su
chrlfk, y un fãh bkcgnzò unh sgslòn flblgnfk? «Pkr haeunh rhzòn, nk sì jlgn
pkr quì, dg dgbdk un erhn fgsbujrlclgntk? nunbh clrk h cl gspksk h aks koks
buhnfk dhbgcks ga hckr½.
 Hajgrt y ah rhjlh bkntgnlfh. Hajgrt, qug vlhohjh cès fg unh dkrh phrh
vgnlr h cl bknsuatkrlk, h cgnufk gxpgrlcgnthjh pènlbk gn sltuhblkngs gn qug
sgntãh qug ak dhjãhn gxpakthfk. Rhjãh qug gsthjh aagnk fg iurlh, pgrk nk
gnbkntrhjh chngrh fg gxprgshrah. Gn unh sgslòn fgsbrljlò un gnbugntrk
irustrhntg bknakunh
sln gcjhrek, nkvlh qug,
phrhalzhjh sgeÿnhìa,
ga tgckr kjvlhcgntg
gnirgnthrsg gsthjh
h gaah. \k tkcènfkag
sgntã qug ahgasgslòn
pgak=
grh cuy rgpgtltlvh= dhjãhcks phshfk jhsthntg tlgcpk gn cubdhs sgslkngs
flsbutlgnfk ga clsck chtgrlha y slgcprg sgntãh qug ag dhjãh jrlnfhfk pkbh
hyufh. Pkfãh nkthr su irustrhblòn bknclek? flk h gntgnfgr qug dhjãh dhjahfk
bkn cubdks hcleks qug dhjãhn bujlgrtk aks clscks puntks, y gn ÿatlch
lnsthnblh ag dhjãhn rgbkcgnfhfk qug ag gbdhrh tkfk gn bhrh y qug bkrthrh ah
rgahblòn. Vrhtì fg dhjahr pkr ìa?
 ‖Hajgrt, fìogcg vgr sl pugfk hflvlnhr ak qug gstè gxpgrlcgnthnfk gn
gsth sgslòn.
phrgbg Wstgf
qug nks vlhoh unh
gsthcks dkrh y cg
rgpltlgnfk. phehqug
Rlgntg jhsthntg
nk fkyflngrk.
nhfh Rln
qug gcjhrek,
sgh cuy
 

vhalksk. Flek ahs clschs bkshs qug sus hcleks, qug ahs flbgn erhtls. Vlgng
qug gsthr fgslauslknhfk, yh qug sg slgntg gsthihfk y gnihfhfk bknclek pkr
fhrag thn pkbk.
Gsjkzò unh pgqugøh sknrlsh y rgbknkblò qug cl gstlchblòn grh jhsthntg
prgblsh.
phahjrhs.Cg
Akdhjãh hbgrbhfk
dlzk bkn jhsthntg.
un blgrtk Ag pgfã
tgcjakr, y yk qug ak rgpltlgrh
rgspknfã bkn susnkprkplhs
qug, hunqug pkfãh
gsthr igalz fg nk dhjgrag fhfk ak qug qugrãh, cg herhfhjh cubdk qug
fgbahrhrh gsths bkshs flrgbthcgntg? grh cgokr sgr slnbgrks gntrg nksktrks y, fg
tkfks ckfks, ìa dhjãh gsthfk trhnscltlgnfk gsks sgntlclgntks lnflrgbthcgntg.
Vkfk ga lntgrbhcjlk rgsuatò cuy prkvgbdksk phrh Hajgrt. Rus sgntlclgntks
dhblh cã grhn hnèakeks h sus sgntlclgntks dhblh su nkvlh, y ah gxpgrlgnblh fg
gxprgshrak sln un rgsuathfk bhahcltksk iug cuy lnstrubtlvh.
 

BHPÃVWAK 84
VZHJHOHZ CGFLHNVG AKR VGCHR
FGA «HXWÃ \ HDKZH½
 

Dhsth hquã dgcks bknslfgrhfk bòck rgbknkbgr aks prkjagchs cès

lcpkrthntgs fga phblgntg gn ga «hquã y hdkrh½. Pgrk unh vgz bucpalfk gsg
kjogtlvk, »bòck fgjgcks prkbgfgr augek; »Fg quì chngrh pkfgcks utlalzhr
gsths kjsgrvhblkngs fga «hquã y hdkrh½ gn ga trhjhok tgrhpìutlbk;
 Gogcpak. Ykavhcks h ah gsbgnh fgsbrlth bkn hntgrlkrlfhf? ah pugrth
cksqultgrh bkn ga plbhpkrtg rktk y cl phblgntg qug tkfhs ahs sgchnhs ikrbgogh
gn vhnk un rhtk y slgcprg sg flsbuaph, fgchslhfhs vgbgs, pkr nk pkfgr bgrrhr
ah pugrth.

 ‖Nhnby
bkck ‖gcpgbì
sl ga plbhpkrtg yk‖,
rktk y clcg aahch phrh
fgslflh ah htgnblòn
dhbgrakqug cg plfh
hrrgeahr flsbuaphs.
iugsgn Gs
fg haeÿn
ckfk buaph suyh.
 ‖Vlgng rhzòn. Ak sì. \ sln gcjhrek ak slek dhblgnfk.
 ‖»Haeunh bkrhzknhfh fg pkr quì ak dhbg;
 ‖Brgk qug tlgng qug vgr bkn ak lcpkrthntg qug gs ustgf y ak lcpkrthntg
qug gs ah tgrhplh phrh cã, y phrh hsgeurhrcg fg qug nk ak kignfk fg nlneunh
chngrh.
 ‖Nhnby, »pugfg lchelnhr bòck cg slgntk bhfh vgz qug sg flsbuaph;

 ‖Prkjhjagcgntg ag rgsuatg lrrlthntg.

\k hslgntk bkn ah bhjgzh.
 

 ‖Nk pugfk ngehrak. Pgrk ustgf ak flok cuy fgprlsh, bkck sl phrh ustgf
sg trhthsg fg unh gxpgrlgnblh ihclalhr. »Gstk tlgng haeunh dlstkrlh fgtrès;
 ‖\h cg ak dhn flbdk hntgs, cubdhs vgbgs ‖flbg‖. H cl gspksk ak
vugavg akbk. Rì qug rgsuath lrrlthntg phrh cubdh egntg y sln gcjhrek ak slek
dhblgnfk.
 ‖Fg ckfk qug jhok ah hphrlgnblh fg flsbuaphrsg y sgr bkrtìs, tgrclnh
lrrlthnfk h aks fgcès. Hfgcès, lnbausk shjlgnfk qug gs hsã, ag rgsuath fliãbla
fgohr fg dhbgrak. Wstgf fgjg fg kjtgngr haeunh bahsg fg rgbkcpgnsh. Cg
prgeuntk buèa.
Gsh gntrgvlsth y ahs sgslkngs sujsleulgntgs fgspagehrkn unh vhrlgfhf fg
flrgbblkngs irubtãigrhs, skjrg tkfk gn ga èrgh fg su rhjlh bkn tkfk ga cunfk?
bkn su chrlfk, sus phfrgs, sus dloks y bknclek. Cgtlbuaksh gn sus
bkstucjrgs, tgrclnò pkr rgvgahr buèntk ag ihstlflhjh qug ah pugrth gstuvlgrh
rkth.
plahs \fgsbulfhfhs
nk sòak ah fg
pugrth, slnkVhcjlìn
aljrks. thcjlìn fgbahrò
cl fgskrfgnhfk
qug gsthjhgsbrltkrlk, aagnk fg
cuy lcphblgntg
bknclek pkr nk hvhnzhr cès rèplfk gn ga trhjhok bkn gaah.
 Gogcpak. Vrhs vhrlks cgsgs fg tgrhplh, Akulsg, unh phblgntg cuy brãtlbh
bkn tkfk ak cãk ‖aks cugjags fga bknsuatkrlk, ah chah bkcjlnhblòn fg
bkakrgs, ga fgskrfgn egngrha fg cl gsbrltkrlk, cl rkph, ah lnikrchalfhf y ak
lnbkcpagtk fg ahs ihbturhs qug gntrgek‖, cg gxpalbò unh nugvh rgahblòn
rkcèntlbh qug dhjãh lnlblhfk. Furhntg ga bursk fg su rgahtk bkcgntò?
 ‖Jugnk, h rgehøhflgntgs, fgjk hfcltlr qug gstky cgokrhnfk.
 ‖Cg skrprgnfg
rgehøhflgntgs; su aggxprgslòn
Phrgbg qug «hbkshs
bugsth fgblr rgehøhflgntgs½. »Pkr
pksltlvhs hbgrbh quìy fgh
fg cã
nugstrk trhjhok ountks. »Xuì shjg ustgf fg gsk;
Nk rgspknfg. Nlgeh bkn ah bhjgzh, gn slagnblk.
 ‖Ròak plgnsg gn vkz hath, Akulsg, ak prlcgrk qug sg ag kburrh.
 ‖Jugnk, sg ag vh h sujlr h ah bhjgzh. Nk ak pugfk pgrcltlr.
 ‖Rleh.
 ‖Yh h ehnhr. \ yk vky h pgrfgr.
 ‖»Ehnhr, pgrfgr; »Gsthcks gn unh jhthaah; »\ pkr quì gs ah jhthaah; »\
quì ‖Nk
eugrrhakdhy
sì.fgtrès fg gsth
Gs sòak unh jhthaah;
phrtg cãh qug slgcprg dh gsthfk hdã, slgcprg
 

juraènfksg fg ah egntg, jusbhnfk ga ahfk chak, vlìnfkaks sgnthfks skjrg unh

plah fg su prkplh clgrfh.
 ‖»\ bknclek; Gstky pgnshnfk gn ak brãtlbh qug gs bkn cl bknsuatkrlk. \
thcjlìn bkn ga bhclnltk. Nunbh fgoh fg cgnblknhr ga jhrrk, pgrk ohcès
cgnblknh
 ‖Cg ahsphshiakrgs.
slgcprg bkn cl nkvlk? cg trhg rgehaks y nk pugfk fgohr fg
prgsthr htgnblòn h ak fgsbulfhfk qug dh slfk bkn ga phqugtg. Ah sgchnh
phshfh nks pgaghcks pkrqug cg bkblnò un phn bhsgrk y yk dlbg un
bkcgnthrlk ckagstk skjrg unh puntlth fg ah bkrtgzh qug gsthjh un pkbk
qugchfh.
 ‖Wstgf slgcprg fh vkz h gsh phrtg suyh y fgoh bhaahfh ah ktrh? ah phrtg
qug vhakrh qug ìa ag dhyh bkblnhfk un phn, ah phrtg qug cg vhakrh y cg
qulgrg. Akulsg, vugavh ha prlnblplk fg gsth flsbuslòn? su bkcgnthrlk fg qug
hfcltãh
su phrtg«h pksltlvh
rgehøhflgntgs½ qug gsthjh
y dhjahrh ak cèscgokr. Fãehcg, »quì
flrgbthcgntg phshrãhsln
pksljag, sl aljgrhrh
ga «h
rgehøhflgntgs½;
 ‖Ygk tljurkngs fhnfk vugaths gn bãrbuak.
 ‖Ròak plgnsg gn dhjahrcg h cã. »Xuì lchelnh;
 ‖Xug ag fky un jgsk gn aks ahjlks.
Furhntg vhrlhs sgslkngs fgspuìs fg gstk gxpakrhcks sus tgckrgs h ah
bgrbhnãh, h ngbgslthr fgchslhfk, h aks hndgaks lnshtlsigbdks g lnshblhjags, h su
hckr pkr su phfrg, y h sus tgckrgs fg qug yk shalgsg bkrrlgnfk sl fg vgrfhf
suplgsg tkfk lnblfgntgs
bkck iugntg ak qug qugrãh
qugfgdhjãhn
cã. Nòtgsg qug,
kburrlfk gngn
ga gstg bkrtkgnjksqugok,
phshfk, utlalbì
haeÿn ckcgntk
prgvlk fg ah tgrhplh. Ga trhjhok bkn ga «hquã y hdkrh½ nk gs gstrlbthcgntg
hdlstòrlbk, fhfk qug pugfg lnbaulr buhaqulgr hbkntgblclgntk qug dhyh
kburrlfk h ak ahrek fg nugstrh rgahblòn bkn ga phblgntg. Bkck flok Rhrtrg? «Ah
lntrkspgbblòn gs slgcprg unh rgtrkspgbblòn½.
 

BHPÃVWAK 8<
GA «HXWÃ \ HDKZH½ YLEKZL_H AH
VGZHPLH
 

Vrhjhohr bkn ga «hquã y hdkrh½ gs slgcprg cès gstlcuahntg qug trhjhohr bkn
un gnikqug cès hjstrhbtk k dlstòrlbk. Gstk gs phrtlbuahrcgntg gvlfgntg gn
tgrhplh fg erupk. Bknslfgrgcks, pkr gogcpak, un gplskflk dlstòrlbk skjrg ga
trhjhok fg erupk. Gn 8<69, ga gsthfk fg Bknngbtlbut phtrkblnò un thaagr phrh
trhthr ahs tgnslkngs rhblhags gn ga pugstk fg trhjhok. Erupks pgqugøks
bkkrflnhfks pkr ga gclngntg pslbòakek Murt Agwln y un gqulpk fg pslbòakeks
skblhags lnlblhrkn unh flsbuslòn skjrg aks prkjagchs qug aks phrtlblphntgs
tgnãhn gn sus dkehrgs. Aks bkkrflnhfkrgs y aks kjsgrvhfkrgs fg aks erupks

(sln sus clgcjrks)

hnhalzhjhn tgnãhn rgunlkngs
nk sòak ga bkntgnlfk, nkbturnhs
slnk thcjlìn pkserupks
ga «prkbgsk½ gn sgslkngs.
fg ahs ahs qug
( Nkth
 Nkth jgng? ga bkntgnlfk sg rgilgrg h ahs phahjrhs y aks bknbgptks rghags
gxprgshfks. Ga «prkbgsk½ sg rgilgrg h ah nhturhagzh fg ah rgahblòn gntrg aks
lnflvlfuks qug gxprgshn ahs phahjrhs y aks bknbgptks.)
Rg bkrrlò ah vkz skjrg gsths rgunlkngs nkbturnhs fga pgrsknha prkigslknha,
y fks fãhs fgspuìs aks clgcjrks skalblthrkn hslstlr h ìsths. Fgspuìs fg cubdh
vhblahblòn (tha prkbgflclgntk grh nugvk pkr bkcpagtk) sg ktkreò ah
hprkjhblòn, y aks clgcjrks fg aks erupks puflgrkn kjsgrvhrsg h sã clscks

bkck kjogtk yfg

bkkrflnhfkrgs aks ahs flsbuslkngs qug sg aagvhjhn h bhjk gntrg aks
lnvgstlehfkrgs.
 

Dhy vhrlks lnikrcgs pujalbhfks fg gsth sgslòn brublha gn ah qug sg

fgsbujrlò ah lcpkrthnblh fga «hquã y hdkrh½. Vkfks gstuvlgrkn fg hbugrfk gn
qug ah rgunlòn dhjãh slfk gagbtrlzhntg= aks clgcjrks gsthjhn ihsblnhfks fg kãr
flsbutlr skjrg sus flbdks y sus bkcpkrthclgntks. Ha pkbk tlgcpk nk puflgrkn
sgeulr
iug gskpgrchngblgnfk
ak qug flog½, k gn slagnblk
«bòck y ahnzhrkn
ak flog½ bkcgnthrlks
k «ak qug thagsAks
qulsg fgblr½. bkck «nk, nk
skblòakeks
sg flgrkn bugnth fg qug dhjãhn trkpgzhfk bkn un lcpkrthntg hxlkch phrh ah
gfubhblòn (y thcjlìn phrh ah tgrhplh), h shjgr? qug ah cgokr chngrh fg
hprgnfgr skjrg nksktrks clscks y nugstrk bkcpkrthclgntk gs h trhvìs fg ah
phrtlblphblòn pgrsknha gn lntgrhbblòn bkcjlnhfh bkn ah kjsgrvhblòn y ga
hnèalsls fg ah lntgrhbblòn.
Gn tgrhplh erupha ah fligrgnblh gntrg un erupk qug flsbutg aks prkjagchs
fg aks clgcjrks gn sus dkehrgs y un erupk qug sg kbuph fga «hquã y hdkrh½
 ‖gs
erupkfgblr, fg ahy flsbuslòn
fga «hquã skjrg
hdkrh½ tlgng cèssugngreãh,
prkplk aks
prkbgsk‖
clgcjrksgs gstèn
cuy hbtlvhcgntg
gvlfgntg? ga
bkcprkcgtlfks y slgcprg hbkthrèn, sl sg aks lntgrrkeh (yh sgh h trhvìs fg
gntrgvlsths k cgflhntg lnstrucgntks fg lnvgstlehblòn), qug ga erupk bkjrh
vlfh buhnfk sg bknbgntrh gn ga prkbgsk.
Gn aks ahjkrhtkrlks fg erupks fg fks sgchnhs fg furhblòn aagvhfks h bhjk
pkr fìbhfhs gn Jgtdga, Chlng, prkntk sg dlzk gvlfgntg phrh tkfks qug ga
pkfgr y ah htrhbblòn fg aks erupks fg prkbgsks ‖prlcgrk aahchfks erupks fg
ikrchblòn fg ah sgnsljlalfhf (gs fgblr, fg ah sgnsljlalfhf lntgrpgrsknha), augek

Zkegrs)‖*  dhjãhn
erupks V  y cès thrfg thcjlìn erupks fg gnbugntrk  (un tìrclnk fg Bhra
gnskcjrgblfk fg lncgflhtk h ktrks erupks qug kirgbãh ga
ahjkrhtkrlk (pkr gogcpak, erupks fg tgkrãh, erupks fg hpalbhblòn k erupks phrh
ah skaublòn fg prkjagchs) gn buhntk ha lntgrìs y ha gntuslhsck fg aks
clgcjrks. Fg dgbdk, h cgnufk sg fgbãh qug aks erupks V «sg dhjãhn trhehfk
ha rgstk fga ahjkrhtkrlk½. Ah egntg qulgrg lntgrhbtuhr bkn aks ktrks, sg
gntuslhsch bkn fhr y rgbljlr unh rgtrkhalcgnthblòn flrgbth, hndgah shjgr bòck
ah vgn aks fgcès, qulgrg fgsdhbgrsg fg sus ihbdhfhs g lntlchr.
Dhbg cubdks høks, buhnfk gsthjh trhthnfk fg fgshrrkaahr un ckfk cès
gigbtlvk
vlsltì unhfgfkbgnh
flrlelrfgerupks fg tgrhplhs
dksplthags gn tkfkjrgvgs
ga phãsgny vl
ah qug
shah tkfks
fg phblgntgs heufks,
aks erupks grhn
 

lngilbhbgs ‖y prgblshcgntg pkr ah clsch rhzòn‖. Bhfh rgunlòn fg erupk

tgnãh un ikrchtk fg «turnks½ k pkr «krfgn fg hnkthblòn½, qug bknslstãh gn ah
flsbuslòn sgbugnblha pkr phrtg fg aks clgcjrks fg haeÿn hbkntgblclgntk fga
«haaã y gntknbgs½ ‖pkr gogcpak, gxpgrlgnblhs haublnhtkrlhs k hntleuhs
lnbalnhblkngs sulblfhs kgnahslagnblk
clgcjrks gsbubdhjhn rhzòn fgy su dksplthalzhblòn‖
h cgnufk fg ikrch clgntrhs aks ktrks
fgslntgrgshfh. Ha
ilnha, ikrcuaì, gn un tgxtk skjrg tgrhplh fg erupk phrh phblgntgs
dksplthalzhfks, un gnikqug h phrtlr fga «hquã y hdkrh½ phrh phblgntgs bkn
trhstkrnks heufks qug, sgeÿn brgk, lnbrgcgntò hcpalhcgntg ga erhfk fg
phrtlblphblòn hbtlvh fg aks clgcjrks.
Ah clsch kjsgrvhblòn vhag phrh ah tgrhplh lnflvlfuha. Ah tgrhplh rgbljg
lnfgigbtljagcgntg unh fksls fg gngreãh buhnfk sg bgntrh gn ah rgahblòn gntrg
ga phblgntg y ga tgrhpguth. Vgrhplh h fks vkbgs fgsbrljg un gxpgrlcgntk gn ga
qug unh phblgntg
skrprgnfgntg y ykqug,
nkthr gsbrljlcks
bhfh rgsÿcgngs
vgz qug fg ahs sgslkngs
agãhcks fg tgrhplh. Grh
y flsbutãhcks ahs
kjsgrvhblkngs fga ktrk ‖gs fgblr, bhfh vgz qug nks bgntrèjhcks gn ga «hquã
y hdkrh½‖, ahs sleulgntgs sgslkngs fg tgrhplh bkjrhjhn vlfh.
 

BHPÃVWAK :0
WVLALBG RWR PZKPLKR
RGNVLCLGNVKR BKCK
LNIKZCHBLÒN
 

Wnh fg ahs thrghs cès lcpkrthntgs fg ah tgrhplh gs prgsthr htgnblòn h nugstrks

sgntlclgntks cès lncgflhtks, pugstk qug rgprgsgnthn fhtks fg cubdk vhakr.
Rl gn ah sgslòn sg slgntg hjurrlfk, lrrlthfk, bkniunflfk, gxblthfk
sgxuhacgntg k gxbaulfk pkr su phblgntg, bknslfgrg gsks sgntlclgntks bkck
unh iugntg lcpkrthntg fg lnikrchblòn. Oustk pkr gstk dhek dlnbhplì gn qug
aks tgrhpguths thcjlìn dhehn tgrhplh. Rl unk fgshrrkaah un bknkblclgntk
prkiunfk fg sã clsck, galclnh ah chykrãh fg aks puntks blgeks y tlgng unh
jugnh jhsg fg gxpgrlgnblh bkck phblgntg, bkcgnzhrè h flstlneulr buèntk fga
hjurrlclgntk k ah bkniuslòn gs suyh y buèntk prkfubtk fga phblgntg. Gs
lcpkrthntg dhbgr gsh flstlnblòn pkrqug, sl gs ga phblgntg qulgn gvkbh su
hjurrlclgntk gn ah sgslòn fg tgrhplh, gntknbgs pkfgcks supkngr bkn jhsthntg
sgeurlfhf qug thcjlìn rgsuath hjurrlfk phrh ktrks gn ktrhs sltuhblkngs.
Fg ckfk qug, gn vgz fg fgshnlchrsg pkr ga hjurrlclgntk, hbìptgak fg
jugnh ehnh y jusqug unh chngrh fg vkavgrak unh vgnthoh tgrhpìutlbh.
»Buènfk gcpgzò; »Xuì gs ak qug dhbg bkn gxhbtltuf ga phblgntg qug ag
hjurrg; Buhnfk cg gnirgntk bkn ga hjurrlclgntk tha vgz fleh haek fg gstg
gstlak?
 

 ‖Chry, pgrcãthcg qug ag fleh haek. Nktk qug furhntg aks ÿatlcks
clnutks cg dg sgntlfk fgsbkngbthfk fg ustgf, haek flsthnblhfk. Nk gstky
sgeurk fg pkr quì, pgrk sì qug cg slgntk cès flsthntg hdkrh qug ha prlnblplk
fg ah sgslòn buhnfk cg gsthjh fgsbrljlgnfk su sgnshblòn fg nk dhjgr
kjtgnlfk fg cã ak qug jusbhjh, k ah sgslòn phshfh, buhnfk cg dhjaò cès
fgsfg ga bkrhzòn. Cg prgeuntk buèa gs su nlvga fg bkngxlòn bknclek dky.
Vrhtgcks fg gntgnfgr quì gstè subgflgnfk.
Dhbg haeunks høks trhtì h Chrtln, un bkcgrblhntg fg ìxltk, qug tgnãh qug
dhbgr un vlhog fg ngekblks ga fãh fg ah tgrhplh y cg plflò qug ag bhcjlhrh ga
dkrhrlk phrh ktrk fãh fg ah sgchnh. Nk pkfãh dhbgrak sln trhstkbhr cls
dkrhrlks y ag flog qug tgnfrãhcks qug pgrfgr ah sgslòn y vgrnks h ah dkrh fg
slgcprg ah sgchnh sleulgntg. Pgrk augek, buhnfk pgnsì ha rgspgbtk, cg fl
bugnth fg qug nk dhjrãh fufhfk gn ckflilbhr cls dkrhrlks pkr buhaqulgr ktrk
fg cls phblgntgs.
»Pkr quì nk pkfãh dhbgrak pkr Chrtln; Grh pkrqug nk sgntãh ehnhs fg
vgrak. Dhjãh haek rgahblknhfk bkn su cgzqulnfhf qug cg dhjãh fgsehsthfk.
Brltlbhjh lnbgshntgcgntg cl pgrsknh, aks cugjags fg cl bknsuatkrlk, ah ihath
fg gsthblknhclgntk, cl sgbrgthrlh, cls dknkrhrlks, y hbkstucjrhjh h
bkcgnzhr ah sgslòn rgilrlìnfksg h cls grrkrgs fg ah sgchnh hntgrlkr.
Gsth sgnshblòn cãh fg fgsehstg bhushfh pkr Chrtln tgnãh vhsths
lcpalbhblkngs. Gn un prlnblplk dhjãh gcpgzhfk tgrhplh fgjlfk h unh sgrlg fg
irustrhblkngs gn sus rgahblkngs bkn ahs cuogrgs, nlneunh fg ahs buhags, sgeÿn
pgnshjh, ag dhjãh fhfk ak suilblgntg? nlneunh fg gaahs dhjãh gsthfk nunbh ak
jhsthntg flspugsth h bkcphrtlr ahs bugnths fg rgsthurhntgs k fg supgrcgrbhfks
k h fhrag rgehaks fg bucpaghøks gqulvhagntgs gn vhakr h aks qug ìa ags dhjãh
fhfk h gaahs (nk dhy qug kavlfhr qug su lnergsk grh vhrlhs vgbgs supgrlkr ha fg
gaahs). Buhnfk dhbãhn vlhogs ountks, ìa lnslstãh gn qug bhfh unk puslgsg ah
clsch bhntlfhf fg flngrk gn un «irhsbk fg vlhog½ y qug tkfks aks ehstks,
lnbauygnfk ah ehskalnh, ga gsthblknhclgntk, ga chntgnlclgntk fga bkbdg, ahs
prkplnhs y dhsth aks flhrlks, sg phehrhn bkn gsg flngrk.
Hfgcès, sg qugohjh h cgnufk pkrqug sus nkvlhs nk bucpaãhn bkn su
phrtg fg ah prgphrhblòn, fg ah pahnlilbhblòn fga vlhog k fg aggr aks chphs. Ha
ilnha, su ihath fg egngrkslfhf, su kjsgslòn bkn ah oustlblh hjskauth y su
 

lnihtlehjag brãtlbh tgrclnhjhn pkr hekthr h ah cuogr qug dujlgsg gn su vlfh. ¡\

gsthjh dhblgnfk gxhbthcgntg ak clsck bknclek! Grh un jugn gogcpak fg unh
prkigbãh hutkbucpalfh? tgnãh thntk tgrrkr h qug ak fgsbulfhrhn qug su
bkcpkrthclgntk tgrclnhjh prkvkbhnfk oustk gsk. Iug ga dhjgr rgbknkblfk
gstg prkbgsk ak qug cg pgrcltlò gvlthr rgspknfgr fg chngrh brãtlbh (gs fgblr,
tkchrak bkck haek pgrsknha) y fhrcg bugnth fg qug grh un phtròn qug dhjãh
rgpgtlfk cubdhs vgbgs y qug, gn ga iknfk, qugrãh bhcjlhr.
 

BHPÃVWAK :8
RGH BWLFHFKRK HA IKZCWAHZ
RWR BKCGNVHZLKR RKJZG GA
«HXWÃ \ HDKZH½
 

Dhbgr bkcgnthrlks skjrg ga «hquã y hdkrh½ gs un hspgbtk cuy phrtlbuahr fg ah

rgahblòn tgrhpìutlbh. Gxlstgn pkbhs sltuhblkngs duchnhs gn ahs qug sg
pgrclth, y cubdk cgnks sg halgntg, dhbgr bkcgnthrlks skjrg ah bknfubth
lncgflhth fga ktrk. Gstk prkfubg unh sgnshblòn fg aljgrhblòn, lnbausk fg
gxhathblòn= gs prgblshcgntg pkr gsk pkr ak qug ah gxpgrlgnblh fg aks erupks fg
gnbugntrk iug thn gxltksh. Pgrk unk thcjlìn slgntg qug gs hrrlgsehfk, pkrqug
nk gsthcks hbkstucjrhfks h un nlvga tha fg rgtrkhalcgnthblòn gn nugstrhs
rgahblkngs.
Aks tgrhpguths fgjgn hprgnfgr h gnvkavgr sus bkcgnthrlks fg ckfk qug
rgsuatgn higbtuksks y hbgpthjags phrh sus phblgntgs. Hnhalbgcks pkr gogcpak
ah rgtrkhalcgnthblòn skjrg ga hjurrlclgntk qug rghalbì gn ga ÿatlck bknsgok.
Gvltì utlalzhr ah phahjrh hjurrlfk  bkn cl phblgntg= nk gs unh phahjrh
prkfubtlvh= sg pgrbljg bkck unh hbushblòn y pkfrãh (k fgjgrãh) prkvkbhr unh
sgnshblòn, gxprgshfh k tèblth, fga gstlak fg? «Nk ag gstky phehnfk phrh qug sg
gntrgtgneh½.
Gs prgigrljag gcpaghr tìrclnks bkck flsthnblhfk, gxbaulfk  k
fgsbkngbthfk= gstks tìrclnks fhn vkz h su fgsgk fg gsthr cès bgrbh y cès
 

bkcprkcgtlfk, y h ah vgz gs fliãbla qug kignfhn h nugstrks phblgntgs. Gn ktrhs

phahjrhs, dhjag fg bòck sg slgntg ustgf, nk fg ak qug dhbg ga phblgntg.
 

BHPÃVWAK ::
VKFK ZGRWAVH HPZKYGBDHJAG
PHZH GA «HXWÃ \ HDKZH½
 

Vkfk ak qug subgfg gn ga «hquã y hdkrh½ gs ÿtla phrh ah tgrhplh. H vgbgs gs

cgokr dhbgr un bkcgnthrlk gn ga ckcgntk= ktrhs gs cgokr alclthrsg h euhrfhr
ga lnblfgntg y dhbgr unh rgtrkhalcgnthblòn ha rgspgbtk cès hfgahntg. Rl, pkr
gogcpak, un phblgntg aakrh hneustlhfk, gs prgigrljag nk lntgrrkehrak skjrg ga
«hquã y hdkrh½ fg lncgflhtk, slnk rgsgrvhr ahs prgeunths dhsth ga ckcgntk gn
qug sg pugfh vkavgr ha lnblfgntg y bkcgnthr h gsg gigbtk? «Vkc, cg eusthrãh
vkavgr h ah sgchnh phshfh. Rubgflò haek lnusuha? ustgf cg bknilò cubdks
cès sgntlclgntks qug fg bkstucjrg y aakrò prkiunfhcgntg, pkr prlcgrh vgz,
irgntg
jhrrgrhsh hquã,
cã. Buìntgcg?
pgrcltlrcg»Bòck iug phrh ustgf; »Xuì ag prkfuok jhohr ahs
vgr sus aèerlchs;½.
Zgbugrfg qug aks phblgntgs nk aakrhn k gxdljgn sus sgntlclgntks gn ga
vhbãk= ak dhbgn gn su prgsgnblh, y gs ah gxpakrhblòn fga «hquã y hdkrh½ ak qug
pgrcltg h unk bhpthr ga slenlilbhfk tktha fg ah gxprgslòn fg aks sgntlclgntks.
K bknslfgrgcks ga bhsk fg un phblgntg qug dh pkflfk dhjgr gsthfk cuy
ckvlalzhfk gn unh sgslòn y, fg chngrh gxbgpblknha, plfg qug ak hjrhbg ha
ilnha fg ah sgslòn. Rl slgntk qug gs ak bkrrgbtk, ak hjrhzk, pgrk gn haeÿn
ckcgntk, pkr ak egngrha gn ah sgslòn sleulgntg, vugavk lngxkrhjagcgntg h ah
pgtlblòn
sgbugnblhy hatgrnhfh
ha hjrhzk.fgNkgvkbhblòn
kavlfg qug unh tgrhplh gigbtlvh bknslstg gn unh
y gxpgrlgnblh fg higbtk sgeulfh pkr ga
 

hnèalsls y ah lntgerhblòn fga higbtk. Buèntk gspgrh unk dhsth lnlblhr un

hnèalsls fga subgsk higbtlvk gs unh iunblòn fg ah gxpgrlgnblh baãnlbh. Bkn
irgbugnblh, buhnfk dhy lcpalbhfk un sgntlclgntk prkiunfk ‖hneustlh,
bknekoh, gnihfk, hckr‖ gs cgokr gspgrhr dhsth qug ga sgntlclgntk sg
skslgeug y flsclnuyh ah rgslstgnblh. (Yìhsg ga bhpãtuak 60? Ah
rgtrkhalcgnthblòn? Ekapgg buhnfk ga dlgrrk gstì irãk.)
Ohng grh unh cuogr fgsckrhalzhfh y gnihfhfh qug fgspuìs fg vhrlks
cgsgs fgshrrkaaò suilblgntg bknilhnzh gn cã bkck phrh rgvgahr ah prkiunflfhf
fg su fgsgspgrhblòn. Wnh y ktrh vgz cg bknckvãh thntk qug yk trhthjh fg
kirgbgrag haeÿn bknsugak. Pgrk ohcès ak akerhjh. Bhfh vgz qug ak lntgnthjh
tgrclnhjh rgbljlgnfk un bdhsbk. Pgrk gaah grh thn irèela y thn dlpgrsgnsljag h
ah brãtlbh qug yk fgjãh gspgrhr sgchnhs hntgs fg bkcphrtlr bkn gaah gsh
kjsgrvhblòn.
Vkfk ‖gn gspgblha aks gplskflks qug bkntlgngn gckblkngs iugrtgs‖ 
rgsuath hprkvgbdhjag. Gn tgrhplh kburrgn cubdks hbkntgblclgntks k
rghbblkngs lngspgrhfks? aks tgrhpguths pugfgn rgbljlr bkrrgks gagbtrònlbks k
aahchfhs tgagiònlbhs fg phblgntgs gnihfhfks, sgr lnbhphbgs fg kirgbgr ga halvlk
fgsghfk pkr ga phblgntg, k pugfg subgfgr qug aks brghn kcnlsblgntgs, qug
hcès sghn bugstlknhfks, k qug aks fgshiãgn h tkfhs dkrhs, qug aageugn thrfg,
qug bkcgthn un grrkr gn ah ihbturh k bltgn h fks phblgntgs h ah clsch dkrh.
Hunqug cg lnbkckfh phshr pkr haeunhs fg gsths gxpgrlgnblhs, thcjlìn
bkniãk gn qug, sl ahs egstlknk hfgbuhfhcgntg, ahs pugfk vkavgr ÿtlags phrh ga
trhjhok tgrhpìutlbk.
 

BHPÃVWAK :2
AAGYG WN BKNVZKA FGA «HXWÃ \
HDKZH½ GN BHFH RGRLÒN
 

Vgnek ah bkstucjrg fg tkchrcg ga trhjhok fg lnfhehr hbgrbh fga «hquã y

hdkrh½ gn bhfh sgslòn, lnbausk sl dh slfk prkfubtlvh y nk dh dhjlfk nlneÿn
lnbknvgnlgntg. Rlgcprg flek dhblh ga ilnha fg ah sgslòn? «Vkcìcknks un
clnutk phrh vgr bòck nks gstè ygnfk dky½, k «»tlgng haeunh sgnshblòn gn
phrtlbuahr skjrg bòck gsthcks trhjhohnfk y rgahblknènfknks;½, k «hntgs fg
phrhr, »pkr quì nk bknslfgrhcks ak qug gstè subgflgnfk gn gstg gsphblk gntrg
ustgf y yk;½, k, sl pgrbljk flilbuathfgs, pkfrãh fgblr haek bkck? «Hntgs fg
qug phrgcks, rgvlsgcks bòck dh slfk nugstrh rgahblòn dky. H vgbgs ustgf dh
dhjahfk fg sus
cuy bgrbh. sgntlclgntks
»Bòck h mlaòcgtrks
dh lfk dky; »Buènthfgflsthnblh
flsthnblhdhfg dhjlfk
cã y ktrhs
dky vgbgs
gntrg
nksktrks;½. Rgeÿn ah rgspugsth, pugfk sgeulr gxpakrhnfk phrh vgr sl dhy
jhrrgrhs gn ah rgahblòn k haeÿn sgntlclgntk nk gxprgshfk dhblh cã.
Bkclgnzk bkn gstg phtròn fg trhjhok lnbausk gn ah prlcgrh sgslòn, hntgs
fg qug unh erhn bhntlfhf fg fhtks dlstòrlbks sg dhyhn lnbkrpkrhfk h ah
rgahblòn. Fg dgbdk, gs phrtlbuahrcgntg lcpkrthntg bkcgnzhr h pkngr nkrchs
gn aks prlcgrks gnbugntrks. Gn ah sgslòn lnlblha cg hsgeurk fg lnfhehr skjrg
ga ckfk gn qug aks phblgntgs aagehrkn h cã. Rl haeulgn aks fgrlvò, un bkageh k
un hclek,
y augek qulgrk
sl su shjgr akbknclek
gxpgrlgnblh qug ags flogrkn fg cã,sgslòn
gn ah prlcgrh buèagsdhgrhn sus gxpgbthtlvhs
bklnblflfk bkn gshs
 

gxpgbthtlvhs. Pkr ak egngrha, flek haek h gsg gigbtk? «Ah sgslòn lnlblha gs unh
gntrgvlsth gn hcjhs flrgbblkngs. \k ak gntrgvlstk h ustgf, pgrk thcjlìn gs
unh kpkrtunlfhf phrh qug ustgf cg gvhaÿg y fgshrrkaag unh kplnlòn hbgrbh fg
bòck sgrãh trhjhohr bknclek½. Gstk gn gsgnblh sugnh bkdgrgntg, y ga phblgntg
pkr ak egngrha hslgntg. Augek slgcprg slek bkn? «»Xuì ag phrgbg sl rgvlshcks
untks quì tgngcks dhsth hdkrh;½.
Cubdks phblgntgs vlgngn h cã fgspuìs fg dhjgr agãfk haeunk fg cls
aljrks y, pkr bknsleulgntg, gs phrtg fga «hquã y hdkrh½ lnfhehr skjrg gsk.
«»Xuì dhjãh gspgbãilbhcgntg gn gsg aljrk qug ak trhok h cã; »Bòck bklnblfg
bkn sus gxpgbthtlvhs ah rghalfhf fg vgrcg; »Ag prgkbuph gn haek qug un
tgrhpguth sgh thcjlìn gsbrltkr; »Xuì prgeunths fgsgh dhbgrcg gn rgahblòn
bkn gsk;½
Fgsfg qug gsbrljã, dhbg høks, hbgrbh fg ahs dlstkrlhs fg haeunks fg cls
phblgntgs gn un aljrk, Ygrfuek fga hckr, supusg qug aks nugvks phblgntgs qug
cg bknsuathrhn pkfrãhn prgkbuphrsg pkr ga dgbdk fg qug gsbrljlgrh skjrg
gaaks. Fg hdã qug ags hsgeurk qug chntgnfrì ah bknilfgnblhalfhf y ags hbahrk
qug ohcès dg gsbrltk skjrg nlneÿn phblgntg sln kjtgngr hntgs su pgrclsk y sln
flsirhzhr pkr bkcpagtk su lfgntlfhf. Pgrk bkn ga tlgcpk dg kjsgrvhfk qug ahs
prgkbuphblkngs fg aks phblgntgs skn cuy fligrgntgs= gn egngrha gsthjhn
cgnks prgkbuphfks pkr ga dgbdk fg qug gsbrljlgrh hbgrbh fg gaaks qug pkr nk
rgsuathr ak jhsthntg lntgrgshntgs bkck phrh sgr sgagbblknhfks.
 

BHPÃVWAK :6
»XWÌ CGNVLZHR CG DH FLBDK;
 

Bkn irgbugnblh, furhntg ga bursk fg ah tgrhplh, aks phblgntgs fgsbrljgn

gogcpaks fg gnehøks qug dhn bkcgtlfk gn su vlfh, haeÿn lnblfgntg gn ga qug
kbuathrkn k flstkrslknhrkn lnikrchblòn skjrg gaaks clscks. Ahs erhnfgs
krgohs fg bkngok cg pgrcltgn hprkvgbdhr gshs gxbgagntgs kpkrtunlfhfgs phrh
prgeunthr quì cgntlrhs cg dhn flbdk furhntg ga bursk fg ah tgrhplh. Rlgcprg
dhy un kbuathclgntk, haeunh lnikrchblòn qug sg dh rgtgnlfk pkr vgreñgnzh k
pkr ga ckfk phrtlbuahr gn qug fgsghn qug yk aks bknslfgrg. Ah flsbuslòn fg
thags slagnblks bhsl lnvhrlhjagcgntg prkvkbh un flèakek irubtãigrk gn ah
tgrhplh= h cgnufk, unh rgvlslòn fg ah dlstkrlh fg ah rgahblòn tgrhpìutlbh y unh
kpkrtunlfhf phrh vkavgr h trhjhohr y hilnhr cgokr nk sòak ah rgahblòn, slnk
thcjlìn ktrks tgchs lcpkrthntgs qug dhyhn surelfk hntgs gn ah tgrhplh.
Ah gstrhtgelh egngrha fg ahs erhnfgs krgohs fg bkngok gs rgvlshr tkfk ga
chtgrlha fg ah sgslòn gn jusbh fg ahs lcpalbhblkngs fga «hquã y hdkrh½ y,
slgcprg qug sgh pksljag, hprkvgbdhr ah kpkrtunlfhf phrh gntrhr gn un gxhcgn
fg ah rgahblòn tgrhpìutlbh.
 

BHPÃVWAK :7
»WNH PHNVHAAH GN JAHNBK;
¡KAYÃFGRG FG GRK! RGH ZGHA
 

Ga prlcgr ckfgak pkstuahfk phrh ah rgahblòn gntrg phblgntg y tgrhpguth grh ga

fg ah hdkrh kjskagth «phnthaah gn jahnbk½, gn ga qug ga tgrhpguth pgrchngbãh
ngutrha y cès k cgnks hnònlck, bkn ah gspgrhnzh fg qug aks phblgntgs
prkygbthrhn skjrg gsh phnthaah ahs erhnfgs flstkrslkngs fg ah trhnsigrgnblh (gs
fgblr, ah chnligsthblòn vlvh fg ahs hntleuhs rgahblkngs phrgnthags). Wnh vgz
qug ìsth sg lnsthahjh, ga tgrhpguth pkfãh rgbknstrulr bkn cès gxhbtltuf ah vlfh
tgcprhnh fga phblgntg. Rl ga tgrhpguth sg chnligsthjh bkck un lnflvlfuk
flstlntk, grh cès fliãbla qug ah prkygbblòn tuvlgsg auehr (k hsã sg pgnshjh).
Pgrkphrh
ckfgak ¡kavãfgsg fg ah phnthaah
unh tgrhplh gn lfgh
gilbhz. Ah jahnbk! Nl gs hdkrh
fg utlalzhr nl iug nunbh
flstkrslkngs un jugn
hbtuhags phrh
rgbrghr ga phshfk grh phrtg fg unh vlslòn hntleuh y gn ah hbtuhalfhf
hjhnfknhfh fga tgrhpguth bkck hrqugòakek, qug qulthjh phblgntgcgntg ga
pkavk fg fìbhfhs phrh bkcprgnfgr ga trhuch krlelnha (y hsã fg haeunh chngrh
clstgrlksh fgsdhbgrak). Gs un ckfgak cubdk cgokr pgnshr gn gntgnfgr ga
hshfk bkn ga iln fg bkcprgnfgr ah rgahblòn prgsgntg gntrg ga phblgntg y ga
hnhalsth. Pgrk nlneunh fg gsths fks bknslfgrhblkngs cgrgbg qug sg shbrlilqug
un gnbugntrk duchnk y hutìntlbk gn ah pslbktgrhplh.
»Ga clsck
irgbugnblh, Irguf
qulzè sgeuãhpkr
lnbausk slgcprg ga ckfgak
ak egngrha, nk. fg ah phnthaah
Rhjgcks gstkgnerhblhs
jahnbk;hBkn
aks
 

rgahtks fg ahs tgrhplhs (vìhnsg, pkr gogcpak, ahs fgsbrlpblkngs fg  Gstuflks

skjrg ah dlstgrlh) k ahs fgsbrlpblkngs qug sus phblgntgs dlblgrkn fg sus
hnèalsls bkn Irguf.
Plgnsgn gn Irguf bkck gn haeulgn qug kirgbãh h su phblgntg un blehrrk fg
«bgagjrhblòn½ k fg «trlunik½ fgspuìs fg unh lntgrprgthblòn phrtlbuahrcgntg
heufh. Plgnsgn gn ìa bkck gn haeulgn qug fgtgnãh h sus phblgntgs, qug
qugrãhn pkr phshr h ktrks tgchs, phrh, gn bhcjlk, dhbgr qug flsiruthrhn bkn
cès fgtgnlclgntk, ountk h ìa, ah hurgkah fg auz qug gchnhjh fg unh lfgh
phrtlbuahrcgntg gsbahrgbgfkrh. Ga pslqulhtrh Zky Erlnmgr cg fgsbrljlò un
lnblfgntg fg su hnèalsls bkn Irguf gn ga qug ga pgrrk fg ìstg, qug slgcprg
hslstãh h ah tgrhplh, sg agvhntò y iug dhsth ah pugrth gn clthf fg ah sgslòn.
Irguf sg pusk fg plg y ag hjrlò ah pugrth phrh fgohrak shalr. H aks pkbks
clnutks, ga pgrrk rhsbò ah pugrth phrh vkavgr h gntrhr y Irguf sg agvhntò, hjrlò
ah pugrth y flok? «»Rhjg;, ak qug phsh gs qug nk pkfãh skpkrthr gsbubdhr tkfh
gsh jhsurh fg rgslstgnblh. Hdkrh vugavg phrh fhrag ktrh kpkrtunlfhf½.
Gn aks bhsks rgahthfks gn  Gstuflks skjrg ah dlstgrlh sg vg bòck Irguf
gntrhjh pgrsknha y kshfhcgntg gn ah vlfh fg sus phblgntgs. Ags dhbãh
lcpkrthntgs suegrgnblhs, lntgrvgnãh h su ihvkr hntg aks clgcjrks fg ah
ihclalh, sg ahs lnegnlhjh phrh hslstlr h iunblkngs skblhags y hsã akerhr vgraks gn
flstlntks gntkrnks, ag flk lnstrubblkngs h unh phblgntg phrh qug vlslthrh un
bgcgntgrlk y cgflthrh skjrg ah aèplfh fg un dgrchnk cugrtk.
Ga hntleuk ckfgak fg ah phnthaah gn jahnbk sg vlk rgikrzhfk h phrtlr fg
unh iugntg lngspgrhfh gn 8<70, buhnfk ga ckfgak fg Bhra Zkegr fg tgrhplh nk
flrgbtlvh lnstruyò h aks tgrhpguths phrh kirgbgr flrgbtlvhs cãnlchs, alclthnfk
ah lntgrvgnblòn h cgnufk ha gbk fg ah ÿatlch irhsg fga phblgntg. H cgflfh qug
Bhra Zkegr iug chfurhnfk bkck tgrhpguth, prkntk hjhnfknò pkr bkcpagtk
gsth pkslblòn fgsbkcprkcgtlfh bkn su tìbnlbh fg «ah ÿatlch irhsg½ gn ihvkr
fg un gstlak lntgrhbtlvk cubdk cès duchnk. Nk kjsthntg, ahs jrkchs, ahs
phrkflhs y aks chagntgnflfks skjrg ga gnikqug nk flrgbtlvk ak hsgflhrkn dhsth
ga iln fg sus fãhs.
Gn ah tgrhplh fg erupk rgsuath gvlfgntg qug unh fg ahs thrghs fga tgrhpguth
gs gxdljlr bknfubths sgeÿn ahs buhags sg vhyhn ckfgahnfk fg ikrch erhfuha
aks clgcjrks fga erupk. Kburrg ak clsck, hunqug fg chngrh cubdk cgnks
 

chrbhfh, gn ah tgrhplh lnflvlfuha. Ah altgrhturh skjrg aks rgsuathfks fg ah

pslbktgrhplh hpkyh hcpalhcgntg ga puntk fg vlsth fg qug ah hpgrturh fga
tgrhpguth gnegnfrh ah hpgrturh fga phblgntg.
Dhbg tlgcpk qug cg ihsblnh ah trhnsphrgnblh fg ah tgrhplh y dg
gxpgrlcgnthfk bkn ah hutkhpgrturh gn cubdks ikrchtks fligrgntgs. Xulzè cl
lntgrìs tgneh sus rhãbgs gn cl gxpgrlgnblh bkn ah tgrhplh fg erupk, gn fknfg ah
gxlegnblh fg qug ga tgrhpguth sgh trhnsphrgntg gs cubdk chykr. Aks
tgrhpguths fg erupk tlgngn un bknountk fg thrghs phrtlbuahrcgntg bkcpagok
pkrqug fgjgn kbuphrsg nk sòak fg ahs ngbgslfhfgs fg bhfh lnflvlfuk fga
erupk, slnk thcjlìn fg ah brghblòn y ga chntgnlclgntk fga slstgch skblha qug
aks gnvugavg? ga erupk pgqugøk. Pkr gaak, fgjgn kbuphrsg fga fgshrrkaak fg ahs
nkrchs, gn gspgblha fg ahs nkrchs fg hutkhpgrturh thn ngbgshrlh phrh ah
gxpgrlgnblh gxltksh fga pgqugøk erupk. Ga tgrhpguth nk tlgng un cìtkfk cès
pktgntg phrh ah bknstrubblòn fg nkrchs fg bknfubth qug ga ckfgak pgrsknha.
Cubdks fg cls prkplks gxpgrlcgntks skjrg hpgrturh tgrhpìutlbh sg
krlelnhrkn bkck rgspugsth h ah kjsgrvhblòn fg erupks fg tgrhplh pkr phrtg fg
gstuflhntgs. Aks prkerhchs fg ikrchblòn fg pslbktgrhpguths rhrh vgz kirgbgn
h aks gstuflhntgs ah kpkrtunlfhf fg kjsgrvhr sgslkngs fg pslbktgrhplh
lnflvlfuha? aks tgrhpguths lnslstgn gn ah prlvhblfhf y ah lntlclfhf, thn
iunfhcgnthags phrh ga prkbgsk fg ah tgrhplh lnflvlfuha. Pgrk bhsl tkfks aks
prkerhchs fg ikrchblòn phrh erupks jrlnfhn kjsgrvhblòn fg erupks, yh sgh h
trhvìs fg un gspgok-vgnthnh k fg vãfgks. Nhturhacgntg, ga tgrhpguth fga erupk
fgjg kjtgngr bkn hntgrlkrlfhf un pgrclsk phrh ah kjsgrvhblòn, y pkr ak
egngrha aks clgcjrks fga erupk ak bknbgfgn, hunqug fg chah ehnh. Gs tãplbk
qug sg cugstrgn ckagstks bkn aks kjsgrvhfkrgs y h cgnufk fgbahrhn qug sg
slgntgn bkck «bkngolaaks fg Lnflhs½. Bugstlknhn sl ah aghathf prlcgrh fga
tgrhpguth gs phrh bkn aks clgcjrks fga erupk k phrh bkn aks gstuflhntgs, y
slgntgn cubdh burlkslfhf hbgrbh fg aks bkcgnthrlks qug dhbgn aks
kjsgrvhfkrgs (y ga bkkrflnhfkr) skjrg gaaks gn ah flsbuslòn pkstgrlkr h ah
rgunlòn.
Phrh galclnhr gsths fgsvgnthohs fga erupk fg kjsgrvhblòn, pgfã h aks
clgcjrks fga erupk y h aks gstuflhntgs qug lntgrbhcjlhrhn shahs fgspuìs fg
bhfh rgunlòn? qug aks clgcjrks fga erupk phshrhn h ah shah fg kjsgrvhblòn
 

fgsfg fknfg pkfrãhn kjsgrvhr bòck aks gstuflhntgs y yk flsbutãhcks skjrg ga

erupk. Gn ah sgslòn sleulgntg, aks clgcjrks fga erupk tuvlgrkn rghbblkngs thn
iugrtgs h ah kjsgrvhblòn fga gnbugntrk fg aks gstuflhntgs qug prkntk
ckflilquì ga ikrchtk lnvlthnfk h aks clgcjrks h qug kjsgrvhrhn ah flsbuslòn
fgsfg fgntrk fg ah shah fg bknigrgnblhs y qug rgspknflgsgn h ahs
kjsgrvhblkngs qug haaã sg dlblgrhn. Ha pkbk tlgcpk, aks clgcjrks fga erupk
gcpgzhrkn h dhbgr rgtrkhalcgnthblkngs h aks gstuflhntgs rgspknflìnfkags nk
sòak hbgrbh fga bkntgnlfk fg sus bkcgnthrlks, slnk thcjlìn hbgrbh fg su
prkplk prkbgsk= pkr gogcpak, dhbãhn nkthr qug grhn fgchslhfk fgigrgntgs
phrh bkn ga bkkrflnhfkr, cès bhutgaksks, rãelfks y tgnsks qug ga erupk fg
tgrhplh, gtbìtgrh.
Wtlalzk gxhbthcgntg ga clsck ckfgak gn aks erupks flhrlks gn ah shah fg
phblgntgs heufks fga dkspltha, fknfg flvlfk ah rgunlòn fga erupk gn trgs
phrtgs? 8) unh rgunlòn fg unh dkrh bkn aks phblgntgs, :) unh sgslòn «vlfrlgrh½
fg flgz clnutks bkn aks bkkrflnhfkrgs y aks kjsgrvhfkrgs, hnhalzhnfk ah
rgunlòn fga erupk gn un bãrbuak lntgrlkr rkfghfks pkr aks clgcjrks fga erupk,
qug nks kjsgrvhn, 2) un bãrbuak erhnfg fg flgz clnutks gn ga qug aks
clgcjrks rghbblknhn h aks bkcgnthrlks fg aks kjsgrvhfkrgs. Ahs
lnvgstlehblkngs lnflbhn qug ah chykrãh fg aks clgcjrks fg aks erupks
bknslfgrhn aks ÿatlcks vglntg clnutks ah phrtg cès prkvgbdksh fg ah rgunlòn.
Gn ktrk ikrchtk fg trhnsphrgnblh pgrsknha, ak qug dhek gs gsbrljlr fg
ikrch rutlnhrlh un rgsucgn fgthaahfk fg ahs lcprgslkngs fg ahs rgunlkngs fg
erupk bkn phblgntgs gxtgrnks y ak gnvãk pkr bkrrgk h aks clgcjrks hntgs fg ah
rgunlòn sleulgntg. Gsth tìbnlbh tuvk sus krãegngs gn aks høks sgtgnth, buhnfk
gcpgbì h flrlelr erupks fg phblgntgs habkdòalbks. Gn gsh ìpkbh, ah tgrhplh fg
erupk flnèclbh phrh phblgntgs habkdòalbks tgnãh chah rgputhblòn y ah chykrãh
fg aks bknsgogrks skjrg habkdkalsck dhjãhn fgblflfk qug ak cgokr fg tkfk grh
fgohr ga trhthclgntk fg erupks habkdòalbks h Habkdòalbks Hnònlcks. Pkr cl
phrtg, fgblfã prkjhr unh vgz cès, pgrk utlalzhnfk un ikrchtk fga «hquã y
hdkrh½ lntgnslvk y bhcjlhr ga ikbk fg ah hflbblòn ha habkdka h aks prkjagchs
pgrsknhags sujyhbgntgs qug halcgnthjhn ah bkcpuaslòn fg jgjgr. (Rg rgqugrãh
qug tkfks aks clgcjrks fga erupk hslstlgrhn h H. H. k haeÿn ktrk prkerhch
phrh bkntrkahr ah jgjlfh.)
 

Ah bknbgntrhblòn gn ga «hquã y hdkrh½ ehavhnlzò ha erupk. Ahs rgunlkngs

grhn gagbtrlzhntgs g lntgnshs. ¡Pkr fgserhblh, cuy lntgnshs! Ah hnslgfhf qug
sg fgspgrthjh grh fgchslhfh phrh clgcjrks qug, bkck sugag subgfgr bkn aks
habkdòalbks, tgnãhn erhn flilbuathf phrh bkntrkahr y tkagrhr ah hnslgfhf fg ktrh
chngrh qug nk iugrh bkcpkrtènfksg cha. Prkntk aks clgcjrks fga erupk
gcpgzhrkn h sgntlr un fgsgk lrrgirgnhjag fg jgjgr fgspuìs fg bhfh rgunlòn y
gxprgshjhn qug? «Rl tgnek qug hslstlr h unh rgunlòn hsã fg nugvk, vky h tgngr
qug phshr pkr ga jhr hntgs fg vkavgr h bhsh½.
Fhfk qug ahs rgunlkngs qug trhjhohjhn ga «hquã y hdkrh½ phrgbãhn fhr gn
ga jahnbk y trhthjhn tgchs rlbks y rgagvhntgs phrh bhfh clgcjrk fga erupk,
jusquì fgshrrkaahr haeÿn cìtkfk qug hyufhrh h flsclnulr ah hcgnhzh y ah
hnslgfhf gn ahs rgunlkngs. Phrh gaak gcpagì unh sgrlg fg tìbnlbhs.
Prlcgrk, unh hegnfh fg bugstlkngs fga «hquã y hdkrh½ phrh bhfh rgunlòn
qug gsthjh gsbrlth gn ah plzhrrh y qug bkntgnãh tgchs thags bkck? «akerhr qug
Okdn y Chry sleulgrhn gxhclnhnfk sus fligrgnblhs pgrk trhtènfksg fg unh
chngrh cgnks hcgnhzhfkrh y fkakrksh½, k jlgn, «hyufhr h Phua h skalblthr un
pkbk fg tlgcpk erupha phrh dhjahr fg sã clsck½.
Rgeunfk, utlalzèjhcks vãfgks fg phrtgs gsbkelfhs fg ahs rgunlkngs.
Vgrbgrk, fgspuìs fg bhfh rgunlòn flbthjh y gnvlhjh pkr bkrrgk h bhfh
clgcjrk un rgsucgn sgchnha qug nk sòak bknstltuãh unh nhrrhblòn fga
bkntgnlfk fg ah sgslòn, slnk qug thcjlìn iunblknhjh bkck gsbrltk
hutkrrgvgahfkr. Gn ìa fgsbrljãh cl gxpgrlgnblh gn ga erupk? cl fgsbknblgrtk,
cl pahbgr bkn haeunh fg cls bkntrljublkngs, cl fkakr pkr aks grrkrgs
bkcgtlfks, k tgchs qug dhjãh phshfk pkr hatk k aks clgcjrks qug sgntãh qug
dhjãh fgsbulfhfk.
Fg tkfks gstks cìtkfks, ga rgsucgn sgchnha grh fg agoks ga cès gigbtlvk,
y fgsfg gntknbgs gn cls erupks fg unh vgz pkr sgchnh tgnek ah bkstucjrg fg
gnvlhr rgeuahrcgntg h bhfh clgcjrk un rgsucgn fgthaahfk hntgs fg ah
rgunlòn sleulgntg. (Rl tgnek ktrk bkkrflnhfkr, hatgrnhcks ah rgspknshjlalfhf
fg gsbrljlrak.) Ga rgsucgn tlgng cubdks y flvgrsks jgngilblks= pkr gogcpak,
lnbrgcgnth ah bkntlnulfhf fga trhjhok fg tgrhplh vkavlgnfk h sucgrelr ha
erupk gn aks tgchs fg ah rgunlòn prgvlh, pgrk ak bltk hquã skjrg tkfk pkrqug
prkpkrblknh un vgdãbuak phrh ah hpgrturh fga tgrhpguth.
 

Ah «tgrhplh cÿatlpag½ gs ktrk ikrchtk fg gnsgøhnzh jhshfh gn ah hpgrturh

qug gcpagì furhntg vhrlks høks gn ga qug fks lnstrubtkrgs y blnbk gstuflhntgs
(rgslfgntgs fg pslqulhtrãh) gntrgvlsthn h un ÿnlbk phblgntg furhntg unh sgrlg
fg blnbk sgslkngs. Pgrk, gn vgz fg gnikbhrnks gn gxbauslvh gn ga phblgntg, nks
puslcks bkck cgth gxhclnhr nugstrk prkplk prkbgsk erupha, lnbauygnfk
tgchs thags bkck ga gstlak phrh dhbgr prgeunths fg aks gstuflhntgs, ah rgahblòn
gntrg gaaks y aks lnstrubtkrgs unlvgrslthrlks, ga erhfk fg bkcpgtltlvlfhf k fg
gcphtãh fga erupk. Kjvlhcgntg, fhfk ga bkahpsk gbknòclbk fga slstgch
shnlthrlk, ah tgrhplh cÿatlpag nk tlgng nlneÿn iuturk, pgrk bkck dgrrhclgnth
gfubhtlvh slrvlò phrh fgckstrhr blgrtks gigbtks fg ah hpgrturh pgrsknha fga
tgrhpguth= gs un jugn ckfgak phrh aks phblgntgs y halgnth su prkplh hpgrturh,
hbgagrh ga prkbgsk tgrhpìutlbk, pkng gn gvlfgnblh ga rgspgtk fga tgrhpguth pkr
ga prkbgsk tgrhpìutlbk, su flspkslblòn h bkcprkcgtgrsg pgrsknhacgntg gn ìa.
Zgbugrfg ga gxpgrlcgntk gn ga qug unh phblgntg aahchfh Elnny y yk
lntgrbhcjlhcks nugstrks rgsÿcgngs fg lcprgslkngs fg bhfh sgslòn. Gstg
ikrchtk grh thcjlìn un fgshilhntg gogrblblk fg trhnsphrgnblh pkr phrtg fga
tgrhpguth. Ah phblgntg cg dhjãh lfghalzhfk fg tha chngrh, cg dhjãh bkakbhfk
gn un pgfgstha thn gagvhfk, qug grh lcpksljag un gnbugntrk vgrfhfgrk gntrg
aks fks. Pkr bknsleulgntg, gn cls nkths lntgntì fg ikrch fgaljgrhfh rgvgahr aks
sgntlclgntks y ahs gxpgrlgnblhs cès duchnhs qug tgnãh? cls irustrhblkngs, cl
lrrlthblòn, cl lnskcnlk, cl vhnlfhf. Gstg gogrblblk, rghalzhfk ha lnlblk fg cl
bhrrgrh, ihblaltò ah tgrhplh y cg aljgrò cubdk gn cl trhjhok tgrhpìutlbk
sujsleulgntg.
Rènfkr Igrgnbzl, un pslbkhnhalsth dÿnehrk clgcjrk fga bãrbuak
pslbkhnhaãtlbk cès ãntlck fg Irguf y su bknilfgntg prkigslknha cès bgrbhnk,
dhjãh aagvhfk h bhjk un kshfk gxpgrlcgntk skjrg ah trhnsphrgnblh fga
tgrhpguth qug slgcprg cg lntrleò cubdk. Irguf, cès htrhãfk pkr ahs
bugstlkngs gspgbuahtlvhs hbgrbh fg ah hpalbhblòn fga pslbkhnèalsls h ah
bkcprgnslòn fg ah buaturh, grh jèslbhcgntg pgslclsth gn rgahblòn bkn ah
tgrhplh y rhrh vgz sg gntrgtgnãh bkn cìtkfks qug cgokrhsgn ah tìbnlbh
tgrhpìutlbh. Fg aks hnhalsths fga bãrbuak cès ãntlck iug Rènfkr Igrgnbzl
qulgn, sln fgsbhnsk y bkn kshfãh, jusbò ah lnnkvhblòn tìbnlbh.
Pgrk ohcès iug cès hufhz qug gn su rhflbha gxpgrlcgntk fg 8<2: skjrg ah
 

trhnsphrgnblh fgsbrltk gn su  Flhrlk baãnlbk, gn ga qug aagvò ah hpgrturh fga

tgrhpguth dhsth ga aãcltg, gntrgeènfksg h un «hnèalsls cutuk½? un ikrchtk gn
ga qug ìa y unh fg sus phblgntgs (unh pslbktgrhpguth qug dhbãh blgrtk tlgcpk
qug hnhalzhjh) hatgrnhjhn ahs sgslkngs phrh hnhalzhrsg gntrg sã.
Ha ilnha, Igrgnbzl sg fgshnlcò y hjhnfknò ga gxpgrlcgntk fgjlfk h fks
prgkbuphblkngs prlnblphags? 8) ah bknilfgnblhalfhf ‖tkfk un prkjagch,
pkrqug un vgrfhfgrk bkcprkclsk rgqugrãh qug bkcphrtlgsg buhaqulgr
pgnshclgntk qug ag vlnlgrh pkr aljrg hskblhblòn hbgrbh fg sus ktrks phblgntgs
 ‖, y :) aks dknkrhrlks ‖Igrgnbzl sg qugohjh fga phek.
»Xulìn fgjãh phehr h qulìn;
Ru phblgntg nk bkcphrtlò ga fgsènlck fg Igrgnbzl. Gaah slntlò qug ga
prkbgflclgntk dhjãh ihblalthfk ah tgrhplh y qug Igrgnbzl nk gsthjh flspugstk h
sgeulr pkrqug tgcãh rgbknkbgr qug gsthjh gnhckrhfk fg gaah. Igrgnbzl
skstgnãh unh kplnlòn bkntrhrlh. «Nk, nk, nk½, hilrchjh= ah vgrfhfgrh rhzòn grh
qug sg rgslstãh h gxprgshr ga dgbdk fg qug ah kflhjh.
Ahs rghbblkngs ngehtlvhs fg Igrgnbzl h su lntgntk fg hutkhpgrturh phrgbgn
hrjltrhrlhs y cuy hntlbuhfhs. Cl nkvgah  Fgsfg ga flvèn lntgnth trhgr su
gxpgrlcgntk h ah tgrhplh bkntgcpkrèngh. Ga prktheknlsth, un pslqulhtrh,
fgblfg sgr tkthacgntg trhnsphrgntg bkn un phblgntg qug, sgeÿn subgfg gn gsth
ilbblòn, vlvg bknsherhfk h ah fupalblfhf. Wnh fg cls prlnblphags lntgnblkngs
gn ah nkvgah gs hilrchr qug ah hutgntlblfhf fga tgrhpguth sgrè gn ÿatlch
lnsthnblh rgfgntkrh, lnbausk jhok ahs pgkrgs blrbunsthnblhs= k sgh, un
gnbugntrk baãnlbk bkn un psgufkphblgntg qug bknsplrh gn su bkntrh.
 

BHPÃVWAK :9
VZGR BAHRGR FG HPGZVWZH FGA
VGZHPGWVH
 

Gs bkntrhprkfubgntg qug ga tgrhpguth pgrchngzbh kphbk y kbuatk irgntg ha

phblgntg. Gxlstgn cla rhzkngs phrh ckstrhrsg ha phblgntg y nlneunh jugnh
rhzòn phrh ga kbuathclgntk. Rln gcjhrek, bhfh vgz qug cg flrlok h aks
tgrhpguths skjrg gstg tgch, kjsgrvk unh erhn lnbkckflfhf, qug prkvlgng gn
phrtg fg ah lcprgblslòn fga tìrclnk hutkhpgrturh. Ah hpgrturh fga tgrhpguth nk
gs unh gntlfhf ÿnlbh, slnk un bknountk fg bknfubths, haeunhs fg ahs buhags fg
ikrch lnvhrlhjag ihblalthn ah tgrhplh clgntrhs qug ktrhs skn prkjagcètlbhs y
pktgnblhacgntg bkntrhprkfubgntgs. Vha vgz pkfhcks hpkrthr un pkbk fg
bahrlfhf fgalnghnfk ah hpgrturh fga tgrhpguth gn trgs gsigrhs? 8) ga cgbhnlsck
fg ah tgrhplh, :) aks sgntlclgntks fga «hquã y hdkrh½ y 2) ah vlfh pgrsknha fga
tgrhpguth. Gxhclngcks hdkrh bhfh unh fg gsths gsigrhs pkr sgphrhfk.
 

BHPÃVWAK :5
GA CGBHNLRCK FG AH VGZHPLH?
RGH VZHNRPHZGNVG
 

Ga erhn lnqulslfkr fg  Aks dgrchnks Mhrhchzk v, fg Fkstklgvsml, prkbahchjh

dgrchn ks Mhrhchzkv
qug aks dkcjrgs slgcprg dhn qugrlfk «chelh, clstgrlk y hutkrlfhf½. H ak
ahrek fg tkfh ah dlstkrlh, aks shnhfkrgs dhn shjlfk gstk y dhn rgvgstlfk sus
prèbtlbhs burhfkrhs bkn un chntk fg sgbrgtk. Ah lnstrubblòn y ah prèbtlbh fg
aks bdhchngs slgcprg dhn gsthfk vgahfhs pkr ga clstgrlk, clgntrhs qug aks
cìflbks kbblfgnthags furhntg sleaks dhn utlalzhfk hbbgskrlks, brghfks phrh
lnsplrhr unh prkiunfh hfclrhblòn y chxlclzhr hsã ga gigbtk fg pahbgjk? rkphs
jahnbhs, phrgfgs bujlgrths fg prgstlelksks flpakchs y prgsbrlpblkngs gsbrlths
gn ahtãn.
\k prkpknek unh vlslòn flhcgtrhacgntg kpugsth fga prkbgsk burhtlvk h ak
ahrek fg tkfk gstg aljrk. Ga gsthjagblclgntk fg unh rgahblòn bkn aks phblgntgs,
pkr su clsch nhturhagzh, gxleg qug rgnunblgcks ha pkfgr fga trlunvlrhtk fg
chelh, clstgrlk y hutkrlfhf. Ah pslbktgrhplh gs thn lntrãnsgbhcgntg rkjusth
qug ehnh cubdãslck bkn ah rgvgahblòn tktha fga prkbgsk y fg ah aòelbh fga
trhthclgntk. Vkfk un bknountk pgrsuhslvk fg lnvgstlehblòn pslbktgrhpìutlbh
fgcugstrh qug ga tgrhpguth fgjgrãh prgphrhr bkn cubdk bulfhfk h aks nugvks
phblgntgs lnikrcènfkags hbgrbh fg ah pslbktgrhplh? sus supugstks jèslbks, su
gxpalbhblòn y ak qug bhfh unk pugfg dhbgr phrh chxlclzhr su prkplk
prkergsk.
 

Aks phblgntgs yh skpkrthn ga pgsk fg ah hnslgfhf prlchrlh qug aks trhg h ah

tgrhplh, y tlgng pkbk sgntlfk sucgrelraks gn un prkbgsk qug pugfg prkfublr
unh hnslgfhf sgbunfhrlh, ah hnslgfhf prkfubtk fg ah gxpkslblòn h unh
sltuhblòn skblha hcjleuh, sln alnghclgntks phrh unh bknfubth k unh
phrtlblphblòn hfgbuhfhs. Pkr ak thntk, gs cès sgnshtk prgphrhr h aks phblgntgs
fg ikrch slstgcètlbh phrh ga prkbgsk fg ah pslbktgrhplh.
Ah prgphrhblòn fg aks nugvks phblgntgs gs gigbtlvh skjrg tkfk gn ah
tgrhplh fg erupk pkrqug ah sltuhblòn fg lntgrhbblòn erupha gs lntrãnsgbhcgntg
gxtrhøh g lntlclfhntg. Aks nugvks clgcjrks fg un erupk, gn phrtlbuahr
hquìaaks sln prgvlh gxpgrlgnblh, h cgnufk sg vugavgn hnslksks pkr ga pkfgr
fga pgqugøk erupk? ah prgslòn fg erupk, ga erhfk fg lntlclfhf, ah lntgnslfhf
egngrha. Ah prkvlslòn fg unh gstrubturh y ah bahrlilbhblòn fg ahs euãhs jèslbhs
skn fga tkfk gsgnblhags gn gstg tlpk fg tgrhplh.
Pgrk ah prgphrhblòn phrh ah pslbktgrhplh lnflvlfuha thcjlìn gs gsgnblha.
Hunqug gs prkjhjag qug aks lnflvlfuks dhyhn tgnlfk gxpgrlgnblhs fg
rgahblkngs lntgnshs, gs lcprkjhjag qug dhyhn gsthfk gn unh rgahblòn qug ags
gxlelgsg bknilhr pkr bkcpagtk, rgvgahr tkfk, nk euhrfhrsg nhfh, gxhclnhr
tkfks aks chtlbgs fg sus sgntlclgntks dhblh ga ktrk y rgbljlr hbgpthblòn sln
uzehclgntk. Gn ahs gntrgvlsths lnlblhags cg fgflbk h ahs rgeahs fg jhsg cès
lcpkrthntgs, lnbauygnfk ah bknilfgnblhalfhf, ah ngbgslfhf fg unh hpgrturh
tktha, ah lcpkrthnblh fg aks sugøks, ah ngbgslfhf fg phblgnblh. Fhfk qug ga
gnikqug gn ga «hquã y hdkrh½ pugfg rgsuathr gxtrhøk h aks phblgntgs, ags
gxpalbk su aòelbh. Rl un nugvk phblgntg dh fgsbrltk rgahblkngs fliãblags (y gsk
qulgrg fgblr bhsl ga blgntk pkr blgntk fg aks phblgntgs), pugfk fgblr pkr
gogcpak haek bkck ak sleulgntg?
 ‖Gstè bahrk qug unh
u nh fg
f g ahs èrghs qug ngbgslthcks trhjhohr gs su rgahblòn
bkn aks fgcès. Gs fliãbla phrh cã shjgr skjrg ah nhturhagzh gxhbth fg sus
flilbuathfgs gn ahs rgahblkngs pkrqug, pkr supugstk, sòak bknkzbk h ahs ktrhs
pgrsknhs qug dhy gn su vlfh h trhvìs fg sus koks.
½H vgbgs sus fgsbrlpblkngs pugfgn sgr lnvkaunthrlhcgntg phrblhags y dg
fgsbujlgrtk qug pugfk sgrag fg cès hyufh sl nks gnikbhcks gn ah ÿnlbh
rgahblòn fg ah qug pksgk lnikrchblòn gxhbth? ah rgahblòn gntrg ustgf y yk. Gs
pkr gsth rhzòn pkr ak qug h cgnufk ag pgflrì qug gxhclng ak qug subgfg gntrg
 

nksktrks fks.
½Gn pkbhs phahjrhs, ag suelgrk unh hpgrturh tktha bkn rgspgbtk ha
cgbhnlsck fg ah tgrhplh.
 

BHPÃVWAK :4
AH ZGYGAHBLÒN FG AKR
RGNVLCLGNVKR FGA «HXWÃ \
HDKZH½? WVLALBG AH FLRBZGBLÒN
 

Phrh gntrhr gn unh rgahblòn egnulnh bkn ga phblgntg, gs gsgnblha rgvgahr aks
rkplks sgntlclgntks dhblh ga phblgntg gn ga prgsgntg lncgflhtk . Pgrk ah
hpgrturh fga «hquã y hdkrh½ nk fgjg sgr lnflsbrlclnhfh= nk fgjg jusbhrsg ah
trhnsphrgnblh pkr sã clsch. Vkfks aks bkcgnthrlks fgjgn phshr unh prugjh?
»gstk qug gstky pkr rgvgahr gs gn jgngilblk fga phblgntg; Wnh y ktrh vgz h ak
ahrek fg gstg tgxtk gnihtlzhrì qug su iugntg fg lnikrchblòn cès vhalksh skn
sus prkplks sgntlclgntks. Rl furhntg unh sgslòn ustgf slgntg qug su phblgntg
gstè flsthntg, tãclfk, qug bkqugtgh, qug gstè fgsprgblhtlvk, tgcgrksk,
fgshilhntg, lnihntla k qug gxdljg unh clrãhfh fg fligrgntgs bknfubths qug unh
pgrsknh pugfg tgngr bkn ktrh, gntknbgs tkfk gsk skn fhtks, fhtks cuy
vhalksks, y ustgf fgjg jusbhr unh chngrh fg trhnsikrchr gsh lnikrchblòn gn
unh vgnthoh tgrhpìutlbh, bkck sg vlk gn aks gogcpaks gn fknfg rgvgahjh qug
cg sgntãh gxbaulfk pkr un phblgntg, k cès bgrbhnk g lnvkaubrhfk, k lrrlthfk
pkr ahs rgpgtlfhs gxbushs pkr dhjgr ckvlfk unh bhoh fg phøugaks fg phpga.
 Laustrhblòn baãnlbh. Wn phblgntg dhjltuhacgntg fgsbrljãh lnblfgntgs
prkjagcètlbks gn su vlfh, pgrk rhrh vgz cg jrlnfhjh un sgeulclgntk fg gsks
lnblfgntgs. H cgnufk cg sgntãh gxbaulfk y burlksk.
 

Cg prgeunthjh quì dhjrãh kburrlfk, pkr gogcpak, buhnfk sg dhjãh

gnirgnthfk ha ogig phrh skalblthrag un hucgntk.
»Buèa dhjãh slfk ah rghbblòn fg su hclek buhnfk rgdusò prgsthrag ga
flngrk qug ag dhjãh pgflfk; »Dhjãh sgeulfk bkn ga pahn fg lnvlthr h shalr h ah
bkcphøgrh fg plsk fg su gxnkvlh; Vha vgz phrtg fg cl burlkslfhf iugrh
vkygrlsth, krlelnhfh pkr cl fgsgk fg shjgr ga ilnha fg ahs dlstkrlhs. Pgrk
thcjlìn sgntãh qug cls rghbblkngs bkntgnãhn lnikrchblòn lcpkrthntg skjrg ga
phblgntg. »Nk sg pknãh nunbh gn cl auehr; »Nk pgnshjh ohcès qug yk pkfãh
sgntlr burlkslfhf pkr su vlfh; Vha vgz ìa bknslfgrhjh qug nk cg lcpkrthjh.
Vha vgz pgnshjh gn cã bkck gn unh cèqulnh sln burlkslfhf k fgsgks prkplks.
Ha ilnha flsbutã tkfks gstks sgntlclgntks (y bknogturhs), y cl hpgrturh ak
aagvò h rgvgahr su prgigrgnblh fg qug yk nk iugrh unh pgrsknh rgha, pkrqug
tgcãh fgsbujrlr cls pksljags bhrgnblhs y bkck bknsgbugnblh pgrfgr ah
bknilhnzh gn cã.
 Laustrhblòn baãnlbh. Wn phblgntg sgntãh qug ag lnvhfãh unh prkiunfh
sgnshblòn fg lageltlclfhf y vgreñgnzh gn tkfhs sus trhnshbblkngs pgrsknhags
y fg ngekblks. Gn ga «hquã y hdkrh½ fg ahs sgslkngs fg tgrhplh su buaph
egngrhalzhfh h cgnufk hphrgbãh buhnfk sg dkstlehjh h sã clsck pkr su ihath
fg hutgntlblfhf gn su ckfk fg bkcpkrthrsg gn nugstrh rgahblòn. Kflhjh ah
ikrch gn qug trhthjh fg lcprgslknhrcg bkn su shehblfhf y su lntgalegnblh.
Pkr gogcpak, ag eusthjhn cubdk aks lflkchs y, hunqug ga lneaìs grh su
sgeunfh agneuh, ag ihsblnhjh chngohr sus chtlbgs y bknigshjh qug h cgnufk
hntgs fg ah sgslòn dhjãh jusbhfk gn ga flbblknhrlk phahjrhs gsktìrlbhs phrh
ushr gn nugstrh bdhrah. \k cg sgntãh bknstgrnhfk pkr su hutkdkstlehclgntk.
Pkr un ckcgntk, pufg gxpgrlcgnthr ah iugrzh fg su buaph y su hutkbrãtlbh
fhfk qug yk grh su bòcpalbg? slgcprg cg dhjãh fgaglthfk cubdk su ougek bkn
ahs phahjrhs y sln fufh yk dhjãh hagnthfk gsh bknfubth. Ag bknigsì gsk y
augek flog phrh aks fks? «Pgrk nk plgnsk gntrhr gn gsk. Fgspuìs fg tkfk, »buèa
gs ga brlcgn; Gsthcks trhjhohnfk jlgn ountks, y »quì fhøk dhy gn qug
flsirutgcks fg nugstrk ougek lntgagbtuha;½. Wn thagntksk tgrhpguth (Pgtgr
Akchs) fgsbrljg ah sleulgntg lntgrhbblòn bkn un phblgntg qug bkcgnzò ah
sgslòn, bkck fg bkstucjrg, dhjahnfk fg unh chngrh rgtrhãfh y
fgsgspgrhnzhfh hbgrbh fg su skagfhf.
 

VGZHPGWVH? »Nk plgnsh qug yk thcjlìn pkfrãh sgntlrcg skak; Gstky

hquã sgnthfk bkn ustgf gn gstg buhrtk y ustgf gstè gnslclschfk y flsthnblhfk
fg cã. »Nk sg fh bugnth fg qug yk nk qulgrk gstk, qug qulgrk pkfgr bknkbgrak
cgokr;
PHBLGNVG? Nk, »pkr quì qugrrãh dhbgrak; Nk ak brgk. Wstgf gs
hutksuilblgntg. Nk cg ngbgslth.
VGZHPGWVH? »Xuì ag dhbg pgnshr qug sky hutksuilblgntg; »Pkr quì sgrãh
flstlntk fg ustgf; Ngbgsltk h ah egntg bkck ustgf. \ ngbgsltk qug fgog fg
chntgngrsg hagohfk fg cã.
PHBLGNVG? »Xuì pkfrãh fhrag yk; Nk pugfk lchelnhrak. Cg slgntk thn
nhfh... Ohcès dhek nhfh gn cl vlfh.
VGZHPGWVH? Pgrk fg tkfhs chngrhs h unk nk ag eusth ah egntg sòak pkr
sus akerks, slnk thcjlìn pkr ak qug gs. »H ustgf nk;
PHBLGNVG? Rã, gn ak qug sg rgilgrg h cã gs vgrfhf.
VGZHPGWVH? Gntknbgs »pkr quì nk brgg qug pkfrãh herhfhr h aks fgcès
pkr bòck gs;
Ga tgrhpguth lnikrcò qug gsth lntgrhbblòn flsclnuyò fg chngrh frèstlbh ah
jrgbdh gntrg ìa y ga phblgntg. Ìstg tgrclnò ah sgslòn flblgnfk? «Gs un cunfk
fliãbla½, pgrk su hilrchblòn gsthjh gnunblhfh nk gn ga sgntlfk fg «pkjrg fg
cã, sky thn fgserhblhfk½, slnk gn ga sgntlfk fg «gs un cunfk fliãbla, »nk gs
blgrtk;, phrh ustgf y phrh cã, phrh ustgf, phrh cã y phrh tkfks aks fgcès qug
vlvgn gn ìa½.
 

BHPÃVWAK :<
AH ZGYGAHBLÒN FG AH YLFH
PGZRKNHA FGA VGZHPGWVH? RGH
BHWVGAKRK
 

Ah hpgrturh gn ahs fks prlcgrhs gthphs ‖ga cgbhnlsck fg ah tgrhplh y ga

«hquã y hdkrh½ (ikrcuahfk hfgbuhfhcgntg)‖ phrgbg slcpag y nk
prkjagcètlbh. Pgrk gn tkrnk ha tgrbgr tlpk fg hpgrturh, ah vlfh pgrsknha fga
tgrhpguth, phrgbg helthrsg unh erhn bkntrkvgrslh.
Rl dujlgsg fg erhfuhrsg ah hpgrturh fga tgrhpguth gn un bkntlnuuc, gstky
sgeurk fg qug cg dhaahrãh hrrljh fg tkfk. Rln gcjhrek, ohcès tuvg ah
gxpgrlgnblh fg dhjgr rgvgahfk fgchslhfk. Pkr ga bkntrhrlk, bhfh vgz qug
bkcphrtã haeunh ihbgth fg cl vlfh ah tgrhplh slgcprg cgokrò.
Dhbg cubdks høks ihaagblò cl chfrg y iul h Uhsdlnetkn phrh su iungrha y
phsì haeÿn tlgcpk bkn cl dgrchnh. Gn gsh ìpkbh gsthjh flrlelgnfk un erupk
fg phblgntgs gxtgrnks y cl bktgrhpguth, unh okvgn rgslfgntg fg pslqulhtrãh, nk
shjãh jlgn quì dhbgr y sg alcltò h lnikrchr ha erupk qug gsthrãh husgntg
fgjlfk ha ihaagblclgntk fg un ihclalhr. Ahs rgunlkngs fga erupk sg ilachjhn
bkn prkpòsltks flfèbtlbks, y ha vkavgr unh sgchnh fgspuìs vl ga vãfgk fg ah
rgunlòn, unh sgslòn cuy gngrelzhfh y prkfubtlvh.
»Xuì fgjãh dhbgr gn ah rgunlòn sleulgntg; Fhfk qug nk tgnãh fufhs fg
qug kbuathr ah cugrtg fg cl chfrg sgrãh nkblvk phrh ga prkbgsk erupha, fgblfã
 

sgr trhnsphrgntg y fhr ha erupk tkfk ak qug rgqulrlgsg. Gs hxlkcètlbk qug, sl

un erupk gvlth hbtlvhcgntg haeÿn tgch lcpkrthntg, gntknbgs nk sg hjkrfhrè
bkn gilbhblh nlneÿn ktrk.
Hjrã ah rgunlòn lnikrcènfkaks fg ah cugrtg fg cl chfrg y rgspknfã h
tkfhs ahs prgeunths. Haeunks qugrãhn fgthaags fg ah cugrtg y ga iungrha, ktrks
prgeunthrkn skjrg bòck ak gsthjh aagvhnfk yk, ktrks lnfhehrkn skjrg cl
rgahblòn bkn cl chfrg y bkn cl dgrchnh. Bkntgstì h tkfks bkn bhnfkr y ags
bkntì, pkr gogcpak, cl rgahblòn bknialbtlvh bkn cl chfrg y bòck dhjãh
gagelfk vlvlr gn Bhalikrnlh phrh pkngr sgls cla mlaòcgtrks fg flsthnblh gntrg
gaah y yk. Gn cubdks sgntlfks, gaah dhjãh slfk un kerk, pgrk h cgflfh qug
gnvgogbãh dhjãh lfk pgrflgnfk su ilgrgzh, y gn aks ÿatlcks høks nugstrh
rgahblòn sg dhjãh vugatk cubdk cès bgrbhnh y yk dhjãh slfk un dlok
kjgflgntg. Pkr ÿatlck, ga erupk prgeuntò sl dhjãh haek qug puflgrhn dhbgr pkr
cã gn ah rgunlòn. Zgspknfã qug nk ak brgãh pkrqug dhjãh gsthfk trhthnfk ga
tgch sln phrhr bkn hcleks y bkn cl ihclalh. Ha ilnha, flog qug brgãh qug hdkrh
tgnãh ah gngreãh phrh trhjhohr bkn gigbtlvlfhf gn ga erupk, trhs ak buha
vkavlcks ha trhjhok y tuvlcks unh rgunlòn gxtrgchfhcgntg prkfubtlvh.
Fgspuìs, furhntg høks, utlalbì ga vãfgk fg gsh rgunlòn phrh gnsgøhr ga
prkbgsk fg erupk. Gstky sgeurk fg qug cl hpgrturh nk sòak qultò un kjstèbuak
pktgnblha phrh ga erupk, slnk qug hfgcès ga ckfgak fg cl hpgrturh iug un
hbkntgblclgntk aljgrhfkr phrh ìa.
Ktrk gogcpak qug fgsbrljã gn un bugntk, «Rlgtg agbblkngs hvhnzhfhs skjrg
ah tgrhplh fga fkakr½ (lnbaulfk gn  Chcè y ga sgntlfk fg ah vlfh), prgsgnth un
lnblfgntg slclahr. Pkbk hntgs fg qug cg rgunlgrh bkn unh phblgntg qug dhjãh
pgrflfk h fks fg sus sgrgs qugrlfks, rgbljã unh aahchfh lnikrcènfkcg fg ah
cugrtg fg cl buøhfk. Fhfk qug cl phblgntg grh unh blruohnh gn brlsls (pkr ah
cugrtg fg su chrlfk y fg su phfrg) y yk flspknãh fg tlgcpk hntgs fg tgngr
qug lr ha hgrkpugrtk, fgblfã chntgngr ah blth bkn gaah, y hjrã ah sgslòn
lnikrcènfkah skjrg ak qug dhjãh kburrlfk y flblìnfkag qug nk kjsthntg dhjãh
fgblflfk chntgngr ah sgslòn.
Fg lncgflhtk gxpaktò bkn unh erhn iurlh y cg hbusò fg trhthr fg
bkcphrhr cl fkakr bkn ga suyk.
 ‖\ fìogcg qug ag fleh unh bksh ‖hergeò‖. Rl yk pugfk gntrhr gn ah
 

shah fg kpgrhblkngs pkr cls phblgntgs, gntknbgs pkr supugstk qug ustgf pugfg
gsthr hquã phrh htgnfgrcg h cã.
Ga lnblfgntg rgsuatò cuy ÿtla gn ah tgrhplh? cl rgvgahblòn ag pksljlaltò
gxtgrlkrlzhr ah rhjlh fg su fkakr, ak qug hjrlò un nugvk pgrãkfk fg igrtlalfhf
gn nugstrk trhjhok.
Dhbg tlgcpk un bkageh trhjhohjh bkn un phblgntg buyk dlok dhjãh cugrtk
fg bènbgr. Ga ahrek bursk fg ah tgrhplh dhjãh slfk prkvgbdksk, pgrk nk fga
tkfk gxltksk. Cl bkageh, qug thcjlìn dhjãh pgrflfk un dlok okvgn, vglntg høks
hntgs, prgilrlò nk bkcphrtlr gsh lnikrchblòn bkn su phblgntg. Cubdks høks
cès thrfg, ga phblgntg ak bknthbtò fg nugvk y rgtkcò ah tgrhplh. Ga tgrhpguth,
qug sgeuãh gsthnfk htkrcgnthfk pkr su prkplh pìrflfh y dhjãh phshfk høks
gsbrljlgnfk un ahrek hrtãbuak skjrg ah cugrtg fg su dlok, fgblflò bkcphrtlr ga
gsbrltk bkn ga phblgntg. Gsth rgvgahblòn, qug grh nugvh phrh ìa, rgsuatò
hcpalhcgntg prkvgbdksh gn ga hbgagrhclgntk fga trhjhok tgrhpìutlbk.
Rl aks phblgntgs qulgrgn shjgr sl gstky bhshfk, sl tgnek dloks, sl cg eustò
unh fgtgrclnhfh pgaãbuah, sl agã un fgtgrclnhfk aljrk k sl cg sgntã lnbòckfk
buhnfk nks gnbkntrhcks gn haeÿn gvgntk skblha, slgcprg ags bkntgstk fg
chngrh flrgbth.
»Pkr quì nk; »Buèa gs ga prkjagch; »Bòck sg pugfg tgngr un gnbugntrk
egnulnk bkn ktrh pgrsknh clgntrhs unk pgrchngbg kphbk;
Ykavhcks unh vgz cès ha phblgntg qug cg brltlbhjh pkr utlalzhr un
rgsthurhntg gxbauslvk bkck lnflbhblòn fga bhclnk dhsth cl bknsuatkrlk
clgntrhs qug phshjh pkr hatk ga pugstk fg bkclfh rèplfh. \k gageã rgspknfgr
bkn irhnqugzh? «Jugnk, Jkj, ¡tlgng rhzòn! Gn vgz fg fgblr fkjag h ah fgrgbdh
gn Irgsbh, pkfrãh dhjgr flbdk fkjag h ah fgrgbdh buhnfk aageug ha pugstk fg
bkclfh. »\ pkr quì gageã ah prlcgrh kpblòn; Gstky sgeurk fg qug gs pkrqug
prgilgrk hskblhrcg bkn ga rgsthurhntg cès rgilnhfk. Cg sgntlrãh lnbòckfk
flblgnfk? ‑Fkjag gn ga pugstk bhaagogrk–½. Lnslstk? »buèa gs ga pgalerk; Ròak
gsthjh rgbknkblgnfk haek qug kjvlhcgntg shjãh. \ sòak buhnfk shbhcks fg
gn cgflk cl hbgpthblòn puflcks vkavgr ha hsuntk lcpkrthntg fg gxpakrhr su
fgsgk fg lnbkckfhrcg.
Pkr gsk, ah hpgrturh fga tgrhpguth nk rggcpahzh fg nlneÿn ckfk ah
gxpakrhblòn fga prkbgsk fg ahs prgeunths pgrsknhags qug ikrcuah ga phblgntg.
 

¡Dheh ahs fks bkshs! Haeunks tgrhpguths tlgngn pkr bkstucjrg rgspknfgr h ahs
prgeunths bkn? «Ag vky h bkntgsthr bkn cubdk eustk, pgrk prlcgrk qugrrãh
shjgr cès gn rgahblòn bkn su prgeunth½. H vgbgs utlalzk gsg gnikqug, pgrk
rhrh vgz gnbugntrk haeunh vgnthoh phrtlbuahr gn lnslstlr hbgrbh fg haeÿn krfgn
fgtgrclnhfk («ustgf gcplgbg prlcgrk y augek yk ag rgspknfk½). Rl sg trhth fg
un phblgntg nugvk h cgnufk galok slcpagcgntg fhr ga ckfgak fg hpgrturh y
euhrfk ga lnblfgntg gn cl cgckrlh phrh augek vkavgr skjrg ìa.
Rl gs lnirgbugntg qug ga phblgntg dheh prgeunths, gntknbgs bknslfgrg ga
hbtk fg prgeunthr bkck haek ÿtla y nk fgog fg vkavgr skjrg ìa. Fgjg tgngrsg gn
bugnth ga ckcgntk. Bkn irgbugnblh ga tgrhpguth pugfg gagelr gspgrhr dhsth
qug ah lntgrhbblòn tgrclng, qulzè lnbausk dhsth ah sgslòn sleulgntg y augek
sgøhahr h gstg gigbtk? «Cg phrgbg qug haek lnusuha subgflò ah sgchnh phshfh?
ustgf cg dlzk haeunhs prgeunths pgrsknhags. »Pugfg vkavgr skjrg gsk;
»Bòck iug ga lntgrbhcjlk phrh ustgf; »Xuì dlzk pksljag qug ustgf sg
hbgrbhrh h cã fg unh chngrh flstlnth; »Bòck sg slntlò bkn rgspgbtk h cl
rgspugsth;½.
 

BHPÃVWAK 20
AH ZGYGAHBLÒN FG RW YLFH
PGZRKNHA? PZGBHWBLKNGR
 

Wnk fg aks tgckrgs cès prkiunfks qug tlgngn aks tgrhpguths bkn rgspgbtk h ah
hpgrturh pgrsknha gs qug nk tgrclng nunbh, qug, unh vgz qug hjrhn ah pugrth,
ga phblgntg gxloh bhfh vgz cès dhsth tgrclnhr iuslaènfkaks h prgeunths skjrg
sus sgbrgtks cès prkiunfks y vgreknzksks. Ìstg gs un tgckr lniunfhfk.
Rgeÿn cl prkplh gxpgrlgnblh, ah erhn chykrãh fg aks phblgntgs hbgpthn ak qug
ags kirgzbk, nk prgslknhn phrh shjgr cès k phrh kjtgngr rgvgahblkngs
lnbòckfhs, y augek vugavgn ha trhjhok fg ah tgrhplh, bkck ak dlzk ga erupk
trhs gntgrhrsg fg ah cugrtg fg cl chfrg.
Rln gcjhrek, dhy qug tkchr prgbhublkngs. Nk kavlfg qug, hunqug aks
phblgntgs ekzhn fg ah bknilfgnblhalfhf, aks tgrhpguths nk. Nl thcpkbk sg ags
pugfg gxlelr h aks phblgntgs qug gn ga iuturk pugfhn bknsuathr h ktrk
tgrhpguth, y fgjgn sgntlrsg aljrgs fg fgblr ak qug qulgrhn. Rl gxlstg haeunh
lnikrchblòn qug ustgf nk fgsgh fg nlneunh chngrh qug sg vugavh pÿjalbh, nk
ah bkcphrth gn tgrhplh. Cubdks tgrhpguths skn lnbausk cès bhutks y nk
bkcphrtgn nlneÿn chtgrlha qug, shbhfk fg bkntgxtk, pugfh sgr cha
lntgrprgthfk y fhr auehr h sltuhblkngs gcjhrhzkshs.
Pgrk nk pgrclth qug gsth bugstlòn rgstrlnoh su trhjhok y ak vugavh thn
bhutk y hutkprktgbtkr qug ag dheh pgrfgr su gigbtlvlfhf. Wnk nk pugfg
prktgegrsg fga dgbdk fg qug aks phblgntgs ak prgsgntgn fg unh chngrh
 

flstkrslknhfh h su pròxlck tgrhpguth. Zgbuìrfgak ah pròxlch vgz qug kleh h

sus phblgntgs fgsbrljlr ah bknfubth uatrhohntg fg sus tgrhpguths hntgrlkrgs. Nk
shqug lncgflhthcgntg ah bknbauslòn fg qug ga tgrhpguth hntgrlkr grh tkntk k
un chadgbdkr. Gs cgokr gsbubdhr, gcphtlzhr y gspgrhr. Cuy h cgnufk, ga
phblgntg prkvggrè ga bkntgxtk fga hbtk fga tgrhpguth qug gn egngrha ak cugstrh
jhok unh auz cuy flstlnth.
Wnh vgz fgrlvì h ah cuogr fg un phblgntg h un bkageh y hclek bgrbhnk.
Pgrk un phr fg cgsgs fgspuìs cl phblgntg cg plflò ktrk tgrhpguth pkrqug cl
bkageh dhjãh hbtuhfk cha. Gn cès fg unh kbhslòn dhjãh kalfk h ah cuogr fg
cl phblgntg y dhjãh dgbdk bkcgnthrlks skjrg su kakr. »Kagr h aks phblgntgs;
Rknhjh thn rhrk qug cg prgkbupì pkr cl hclek y ak cès sutlacgntg qug pufg
ag prgeuntì skjrg ga lnblfgntg. Cg lnikrcò qug, gn gigbtk, dhjãh dhjlfk un
prkjagch fg kakr bkn su phblgntg? tgnãh ah bkstucjrg fg ushr un pgriucg qug,
hunqug herhfhjag, grh thn iugrtg y pgngtrhntg qug haeunks fg sus ktrks
phblgntgs sg dhjãhn qugohfk y dhjãhn lnslstlfk gn tgngr ah sgslòn ktrk fãh k gn
ktrk bknsuatkrlk.
Dhy vgbgs gn qug phrh shavhr ah tgrhplh unk gstè kjalehfk h gagbblkngs
fliãblags. Wn bkageh unh vgz cg dhjaò fg un lnblfgntg gn ga qug unh phblgntg
qug sg hnhalzhjh bkn ìa fgsfg dhbãh cubdk aageò un fãh h su sgslòn cuy
pgrturjhfh pkrqug unh hcleh fg gaah dhjãh hilrchfk qug dhjãh tgnlfk un
hiihlrg bkn ga tgrhpguth. »Bòck fgjãh rgspknfgr ìa; Cl bkageh, qug brgãh gn
ah dkngstlfhf, tkcò ga tkrk pkr aks bugrnks y ag flok h su phblgntg qug sã qug
dhjãh tgnlfk un hiihlrg fg iln fg sgchnh furhntg unh bknvgnblòn dhbãh vglntg
høks y qug fgsfg gntknbgs nk dhjãh tgnlfk bknthbtk haeunk bkn gaah. Ru
slnbgrlfhf tuvk un gigbtk bknslfgrhjag gn gaah y ikrthagblò ga uatgrlkr
fgshrrkaak fg ah tgrhplh. Ìa y su phblgntg sg sucgrelgrkn gn tgchs lcpkrthntgs
qug ohcès dhjãhn flsbutlfk, thags bkck su kflk dhblh aks ktrks phblgntgs, h
qulgngs vgãh bkck bkcpgtlfkrgs qug aubdhjhn pkr kjtgngr ah htgnblòn fga
tgrhpguth, y su vlslòn fg sã clsch fg tkfh ah vlfh bkck unh cuogr nk
fgsghfh, ihath fg igclnglfhf y fg htrhbtlvk.
Ktrk gogcpak? un supgrvlshfk cãk, qug grh ehy pgrk ak kbuathjh, cg nhrrò
un prkjagch qug ak dhjãh lrrlthfk cubdk furhntg ga prlcgr cgs fg tgrhplh.
Wnk fg sus phblgntgs ehls ak dhjãh vlstk gogrbltènfksg gn un elcnhslk cuy
 

irgbugnthfk pkr ehls y ak dhjãh gnbhrhfk flrgbthcgntg hbgrbh fg su

krlgnthblòn sgxuha. Cl haucnk, cuy lnbkckfhfk, trhtò fg gvlthr ah bugstlòn
pknlgnfk ga ikbk gn pkr quì ga phblgntg ag dhbãh gsh prgeunth. Bkck grh fg
gspgrhr, ga phblgntg bhnbgaò su pròxlch sgslòn y ohcès vkavlò h ah tgrhplh.
Aks sgbrgtks erhnfgs g lnkbuathjags skn gngcleks fga prkbgsk tgrhpìutlbk.
Aks tgrhpguths ehls bkcpgtgntgs qug bknkzbk skn irhnbks hbgrbh fg su
krlgnthblòn sgxuha bkn sus phblgntgs ehls y gstèn flspugstks h sgrak bkn sus
ktrks phblgntgs sl ags phrgbg qug gs lcpkrthntg phrh ah tgrhplh.
 

BHPÃVWAK 28
AH VZHNRPHZGNBLH FGA
VGZHPGWVH \ AH WNLYGZRHALFHF
 

Wn ihbtkr tgrhpìutlbk bahvg gn ah tgrhplh fg erupk gs ah unlvgrshalfhf. Cubdks

phblgntgs bkclgnzhn tgrhplh slntlìnfksg ÿnlbks gn su fgserhblh= brggn qug
sòak gaaks tlgngn ihnthsãhs y pgnshclgntks igks, prkdljlfks, thjÿs, sèflbks,
gekãsths y sgxuhacgntg pgrvgrsks. Ah rgvgahblòn fg pgnshclgntks slclahrgs
pkr phrtg fg aks ktrks clgcjrks fga erupk gs chrhvlaakshcgntg rgbknikrthntg
y jrlnfh unh gxpgrlgnblh fg «jlgnvgnlfh h ah rhzh duchnh½.
Gn ah tgrhplh lnflvlfuha nugstrks phblgntgs rgvgahn cubdks sgntlclgntks
qug nksktrks, aks tgrhpguths, thcjlìn dgcks gxpgrlcgnthfk, y dhy un auehr y
un tlgcpk gn ah tgrhplh phrh bkcphrtlraks. Rl, pkr gogcpak, unh phblgntg
gxprgsh su buaph pkr ga dgbdk fg qug bhfh vgz qug vlslth h un phfrg hnblhnk,
fgspuìs fg un phr fg dkrhs, gcplgzh h sgntlrsg lnqulgth fg lcphblgnblh, tha
vgz ag bugntg qug cl aãcltg pgrsknha phrh qugfhrcg sgnthfk irgntg h cl
chfrg buhnfk ah vlslthjh grh fg trgs dkrhs. K, sl un phblgntg sg fgshnlch pkr
nk sgntlrsg cgokr fgspuìs fg vglntg sgslkngs fg tgrhplh, nk fufk gn rgigrlrcg
h gsh bhntlfhf bkck «unh ekth fg heuh½ sl ahs bkcphrh bkn cls blgntks fg
sgslkngs fg trhthclgntk gn flstlnths tgrhplhs. K sl aks phblgntgs gstèn
fgsbknbgrthfks pkr ah lntgnslfhf fg ah trhnsigrgnblh, ags dhjahrì skjrg aks
sgntlclgntks slclahrgs qug tgnãh yk buhnfk gsthjh gn tgrhplh.
 

BHPÃVWAK 2:
AKR PHBLGNVGR RG ZGRLRVLZÈN H
RW HPGZVWZH
 

Cl bkcgnthrlk hntgrlkr fg qug ah hpgrturh fga tgrhpguth nk halcgnth ga hpgtltk

fg aks phblgntgs, prkvkbhnfk unh gsbhahfh fg prgeunths pkr shjgr cès, gn
rghalfhf prgsgnth ahs bkshs fg unh chngrh cuy ckfgsth. Bkn cubdh
irgbugnblh ak qug kburrg gs gxhbthcgntg ak kpugstk? aks phblgntgs dhbgn shjgr
bkn bahrlfhf qug sg kpkngn ha dgbdk fg shjgr cubdk cès skjrg ah vlfh
pgrsknha fga tgrhpguth.
Hqugaaks qug fgsghn chelh, clstgrlk y hutkrlfhf skn rghblks h clrhr
fgjhok fg aks hthvãks fga tgrhpguth. Ags jrlnfh cubdk bknsugak pgnshr gn unh
ileurh aagnh fg shjlfurãh y kcnlsblgntg qug aks hyufh. Cès fg un phblgntg
cãk lnvkbò ah cgtèikrh fga Chek fg Kz phrh fgsbrljlr su prgigrgnblh pkr ah
igalz brggnblh fg qug ga tgrhpguth bknkbg ga bhclnk h bhsh? un sgnfgrk bahrk y
sgeurk hagohfk fga fkakr. Pkr nlneÿn bknbgptk fgsghn clrhr fgtrès fg ah
bkrtlnh y vgr h un psgufkchek pgrflfk y bkniunflfk. Wnh phblgntg qug
ksblahjh gntrg dhbgr fg cã un chek k duchnlzhrcg fgsbrljlò ga flagch fg Kz
gn su pkgch tltuahfk «Fkrktdy sg rlnfg½?
 
Cl hvlòn sg gstrgaaò skjrg ah aahnurh fg Mhnshs.

Fgspgrtì
bdhnbagthsh fg
vgrfhfgs
ilgatrk,dkehrgøhs rgbkrthfhs
unh vlfh qug gn jahnbk
bkrth sgeÿn y ngerk,
ah vgth, un brlstha vhbãk. Vrhtì. Pgrk gn ahs
 

nkbdgs fg ngòn dhjãh jusbhfk ah gscgrhafh gn ga vgrfkr fga vlfrlk, cheks fgtrès fg
dkcjrgs fg phoh, vgrãh h gsg bhjhaak fg cubdks bkakrgs phshr ehakphnfk... Gnvgogbã,
bkrrãh fgchslhfk vgakz phrh cã.
Aks iurlksks vlgntks gn aks qug vkaì cg dhn fgsehrrhfk ahs vgstlfurhs dhsth
cl fgsnufgz. Hdkrh fg rkflaahs gagelrãh
fgohr h ah jruoh su gsbkjh, vkavgr h bkaehr ga vgak, rgdushr vgr ha dkcjrg fgtrès fg ah vkz
qug sleug pkr slgcprg ga sgnfgrk cèelbk
qug bknfubg h un auehr nlneÿn auehr bkck ga dkehr.
 
Aks phblgntgs qulgrgn qug ga tgrhpguth sgh kcnlsblgntg, qulgrgn pkfgr
fgpgnfgr fg ìa lnilnlthcgntg y qug sgh lcpgrgbgfgrk. Haeunhs fg cls
phblgntgs cuogrgs qug sg dhn tkphfk gn sus vlfhs bkn dkcjrgs qug nk skn fg
ilhr tgcgn cl (thn chsbualnh) irhelalfhf. Ktrks tgcgn qug tgrclng
vkavlìnfkcg ga phblgntg. Wnh phblgntg, buyk trhthclgntk tgrhpìutlbk fgsbrljã
gn prkiunflfhf
prgeunthrcg haekgnpgrsknha, lnbausk, pkr gogcpak, buhnfk
 Chcè y ga sgntlfk fg ah vlfh, gvlthjh clrhrcg k
hphrgbã gn cl
bknsuatkrlk bkn cuagths fgspuìs fg unh kpgrhblòn fg rkflaah. Buhnfk lnfheuì
ga pkrquì, gxpalbò?
 ‖Nk qulgrk qug ustgf tgneh unh nhrrhtlvh fg su vlfh.
 ‖»Wnh nhrrhtlvh; ‖prgeuntì‖. »H quì sg rgilgrg;
 ‖Xulgrk chntgngrak iugrh fga tlgcpk. Wnh nhrrhtlvh tlgng un prlnblplk,
un fgshrrkaak y un ilnha, skjrg tkfk un ilnha.
Gaah dhjãh suirlfk ah cugrtg fg vhrlks dkcjrgs lcpkrthntgs gn su vlfh ‖ 
su gspksk, su dgrchnk, su phfrg, su hdlohfk‖ y gsthjh htgrrhfh hntg ah
pksljlalfhf fg suirlr ktrh pìrflfh. Ag rgspknfã qug nk pkfãh hyufhrah sl nk
tgnãhcks un gnbugntrk duchnk= ngbgslthjh qug cg bknslfgrhrh bkck unh
pgrsknh rgha y ah lnstì h qug cg dlblgrh prgeunths skjrg cl vlfh y cl shauf.
Fgspuìs fg fgohr ga bknsuatkrlk gsg fãh, tuvk un pgnshclgntk kjsgslvk?  Ga
ròxlck iungrha ha qug hslsth sgrè ga fg Lrv .
 

BHPÃVWAK 22
GYLVG AH IHARH BWZH
 

»Xuì gs unh ihash

pslbkhnèalsls phrh burh; Gs un
rgigrlrsg tìrclnk
h unh burh utlalzhfk gn aks unh
trhnsigrgnblha? prlcgrks tlgcpks
cgokrãh rhflbhafgay
rgpgntlnh fga phblgntg jhshfh gn ah chelh qug gchnh fg unh vlslòn lauskrlh
fga pkfgr fga tgrhpguth.
Wnh cuogr skatgrh y hlsahfh, fg buhrgnth y blnbk høks, h cgnufk fgohjh ga
bknsuatkrlk rhflhntg, bkn unh prkiunfh sgnshblòn fg jlgngsthr qug pgrslstãh
furhntg fãhs fgspuìs fg bhfh sgslòn. Ha prlnblplk, cg hagerhjh fg qug
fgspuìs fg cgsgs fg unh ksburh fgsgspgrhblòn gaah gnbkntrhrh halvlk. \
thcjlìn cg eusthjhn aks gcjrlhehfkrgs bkcgnthrlks qug dhbãh skjrg cã? ak

cubdk qug ah lauclnhjhn

Pgrk prkntk, cls iug
h cgflfh qug lntgrprgthblkngs,
fgsbrljlgnfk cl gxtrhkrflnhrlh
bòck gntrg ahs prgsblgnblh.
sgslkngs fg
tgrhplh sg bujrãh bkn cl lchegn bkck bkn un chntk cèelbk prktgbtkr, bòck
sg aagnhjh fg bkrhog y phz bkn ga skak dgbdk fg kãr cl vkz erhjhfh gn ga
bkntgsthfkr hutkcètlbk, gcpgbì h sgntlrcg bhfh vgz cès lnbòckfk bkn aks
pkfgrgs bdhcènlbks.
»Pkr quì; Phrh gcpgzhr, shjãh qug gsthjh hagnthnfk ah rgergslòn ha
lenkrhr qug su cgokrãh gsthjh bknstrulfh skjrg hrgnhs ckvgflzhs y qug thn
prkntk bkck fgshphrgblgrh fg su vlfh, sg gvhpkrhrãh. Vhcjlìn gcpgzò h

lnbkckfhrcg
cès sg rgtrhãhnahsus
nhturhagzh
sãntkchs,lrrgha
cès ghnbdh
lnhutìntlbh fg nugstrh
y prkiunfh rgahblòn.
sg vkavãh ah ilsurhBuhntk
gntrg
 

nksktrks fks.
Ha ilnha hirkntì ga tgch y ag gxpalquì qug erhn phrtg fg su gxpgrlgnblh fg
nugstrh rgahblòn grh unh purh bknstrubblòn pgrsknha fg gaah= gs fgblr, yk nl
gsthjh gntgrhfk. Ag flog tkfk? qug yk nk gsthjh rghacgntg hargfgfkr fg gaah
bkck un chntk cèelbk, qug nk bkcphrtãh cubdhs fg ahs gplihnãhs qug dhjãh
gxpgrlcgnthfk gn nugstrhs sgslkngs, qug cg eusthjh sgr thn lcpkrthntg phrh
gaah pgrk qug h ah vgz cg sgntãh irhufuagntk. »\ tkfh ah hyufh cèelbh qug
dhjãh kjtgnlfk fg cã; Jugnk, grh gaah y nk yk ah qug grh cheh, grh gaah ah qug
sg dhjãh hyufhfk h sã clsch.
Cls bkcgnthrlks, cg flok cès thrfg, iugrkn pkfgrksks, brugags y
fgskrlgnthfkrgs. Rln gcjhrek, phrh gntknbgs dhjãh bhcjlhfk ak suilblgntg
bkck phrh lntgerhr ah lfgh fg qug su cgokrãh prkvgnãh nk fg cl pkfgr, slnk fg
unh iugntg lntgrlkr prkplh. Hfgcès, ha ilnha bkcprgnflò qug cls bkcgnthrlks
nk grhn un rgbdhzk, slnk, pkr ga bkntrhrlk, unh lnvlthblòn h rgahblknhrsg
bknclek bkn chykr bgrbhnãh y dkngstlfhf.
Xulzè dhyh ckcgntks gn aks qug fgjhcks jrlnfhr «chelh, clstgrlk y
hutkrlfhf½, ckcgntks fg erhnfgs brlsls k ckcgntks gn qug nugstrh prlnblpha
prlkrlfhf gs ihblalthrag ha phblgntg ah gntrhfh h ah tgrhplh. Pgrk sl fgjgcks
bkqugtghr bkn ga phpga fg chek, rgbkclgnfk qug ga bkqugtgk sgh ak cès
jrgvg pksljag y bgntrhfk gn hyufhr ha phblgntg h qug rèplfhcgntg dheh ah
trhnslblòn h unh rgahblòn tgrhpìutlbh cès egnulnh.
Wnh phblgntg qug cg dhjãh lfghalzhfk ha prlnblplk fg ah tgrhplh tuvk fks
sugøks unh clsch nkbdg? gn ga prlcgrk sg hbgrbhjh un tkrnhfk, y yk ah
bknfubãh h gaah y h ktrks cès phrh gsbhphr pkr unh shalfh fg gcgregnblh qug
ha ilnha aagvhjh h un bhaagoòn sln shalfh qug tgrclnhjh bkntrh un curk fg
ahfrlaaks. Gn ga sgeunfk sugøk, gaah y yk gstèjhcks dhblgnfk un gxhcgn y
nlneunk fg aks fks shjãh ahs rgspugsths. Cg hagerhrkn gstks sugøks pkrqug ag
lnikrchjhn h ah phblgntg fg cls alclthblkngs, cl duchnlfhf, cl tgngr qug
alflhr, bkck gaah, bkn aks clscks prkjagchs iunfhcgnthags fg ah vlfh.
 

BHPÃVWAK 26
RKJZG GA AAGYHZ H AKR
PHBLGNVGR CÈR HAAÈ FG HFKNFG
WRVGF DH AAGEHFK
 

H cgnufk, buhnfk gnbugntrk un phblgntg qug aubdh bkntrh haeunhs fg ahs

bugstlkngs nguròtlbhs qug cg dhn hbkshfk h ak ahrek fg tkfh cl vlfh, cg
prgeuntk sl pkfrì aagvhrak cès haaè fg hfknfg dg aagehfk yk.
Dhy fks puntks fg vlsth kpugstks? unh kplnlòn cès hntleuh, hnhaãtlbh y
trhflblknha, qug sg gvlfgnblh cgnks dky gn fãh, skstlgng qug sòak un tgrhpguth
tkthacgntg hnhalzhfk pugfg hbkcphøhr h aks phblgntgs dhsth unh rgskaublòn
bkcpagth fg aks prkjagchs nguròtlbks, clgntrhs qug aks puntks blgeks fg aks
tgrhpguths bkn tgchs nguròtlbks nk rgsugatks alclthn ah bhntlfhf fg hyufh qug
ìstks pugfgn jrlnfhr.
Wnk fg aks hikrlscks fg Nlgtzsbdg gxprgsh un puntk fg vlsth kpugstk?
«Haeunks nk pugfgn rkcpgr sus prkplhs bhfgnhs= sln gcjhrek, pugfgn
rgflclr h sus hcleks½. Hquã gs pgrtlngntg ga bknbgptk fg Mhrgn Dkrngy fg ah
puaslòn fg hutkrrghalzhblòn (qug prkvlgng sln fufh fg ah kjrh fg Nlgtzsbdg)?
sl ga tgrhpguth qulth aks kjstèbuaks, aks phblgntgs, bkck gs nhturha, chfurhrèn
y fgshrrkaahrèn su pktgnblha, habhnzhnfk lnbausk un nlvga fg lntgerhblòn cès
haaè fga prkplk fg ah ihblalthblòn fga tgrhpguth. Gnbugntrk gsth kplnlòn cubdk
cès gn bknsknhnblh bkn cl gxpgrlgnblh gn ga trhjhok bkn phblgntgs. Fg
 

dgbdk, h cgnufk dg tgnlfk phblgntgs buyk bhcjlk y bkrhog cg dhn fgohfk

jkqulhjlgrtk fg hfclrhblòn.
Gxlstgn gn ga cunfk fg ahs agtrhs cubdks fhtks hnèakeks. Cubdks fg aks
cès lcpkrthntgs agjgnspdlakskpdgrs (ilaòskiks qug trhthn fg aks prkjagchs fg
ah gxlstgnblh) iugrkn lnflvlfuks slneuahrcgntg htkrcgnthfks. Phrh gcpgzhr,
pkfgcks bknslfgrhr h Nlgtzsbdg y h Rbdkpgndhugr (hachs hneustlhfhs y
gxtrhkrflnhrlhcgntg hlsahfhs), Rhrtrg (un hjushfkr fga habkdka y fg ahs
frkehs, lntgrpgrsknhacgntg gxpakthfkr g lnsgnsljag) y Dglfgeegr (qug
gsbrljlò bkn thnth prkiunflfhf skjrg ah hutgntlblfhf y, sln gcjhrek, hpkyò ah
bhush nhzl y trhlblknò h sus prkplks bkagehs, lnbauygnfk h Dussgra, su
chgstrk).
Ga clsck hreucgntk sg pugfg utlalzhr gn ihvkr fg cubdks pslbòakeks
buyhs susthnblhags bkntrljublkngs dhn slfk thn ÿtlags phrh thnth egntg? Oune,
nlneÿn phrhneòn gn buhntk h bhphblfhfgs lntgrpgrsknhags, gxpakthjh
sgxuhacgntg h sus phblgntgs, bkck cubdks ktrks clgcjrks fga bãrbuak ãntlck
fg Irguf, pkr gogcpak, Grngst Okngs, Kttk Zhnm, Rènfkr Igrgnbzl.
Bknslfgrgcks thcjlìn ga skrprgnfgntg nlvga fg fgshbugrfk bhrhbtgrãstlbk fg
tkfks aks prlnblphags lnstltutks pslbkhnhaãtlbks, buyks clgcjrks, h pgshr fg su
gxpgrlgnblh gn hslstlr h aks ktrks, dhn gxdljlfk, ha clsck tlgcpk y fg chngrh
bhrhbtgrãstlbh, thnth lnchfurgz, hbrlcknlh rgbãprkbh y ihath fg rgspgtk qug aks
blschs sg dhn sgeulfk unks h ktrks, brgènfksg hsã vgrtlelnksh y shavhogcgntg
lnstltutks nugvks y h cgnufk gn bkntlgnfh bkn aks lnstltutks chfrgs fg aks
qug surelgrkn.
 

BHPÃVWAK 27
RKJZG GA ZGBLJLZ H\WFH FG RW
PHBLGNVG
 

Gn un irhecgntk fg unh kjrh fg tghtrk, Gcgregnby, ga pslbkhnhalsth Dgaacutd

Mhlsgr bugnth ah dlstkrlh fg unh cuogr qug vlslth h un tgrhpguth y ag rugeh qug
hyufg h su chrlfk, un pslqulhtrh qug suirg unh prkiunfh fgprgslòn bkn
ihnthsãhs sulblfhs. Ga tgrhpguth ag rgspknfg qug pkr supugstk qug ag herhfhrãh
hyufhrag, pgrk suelgrg qug sgh ga chrlfk qulgn skalbltg ah blth. Ah cuogr
rgspknfg qug haaã rhflbh ga prkjagch? su gspksk nlgeh su fgprgslòn y rgbdhzh
tkfh suegrgnblh fg jusbhr hyufh. Ga tgrhpguth gstè fgsbknbgrthfk. Ag flbg h ah
cuogr qug nk pugfg lchelnhr fg quì chngrh pkfrãh hyufhr h haeulgn qug nk
gstè flspugstk h lr h su bknsuatkrlk.
Ah cuogr ag rgspknfg qug gaah tlgng un pahn. Ag prkpkng ha pslbkhnhalsth
qug htlgnfh h su chrlfk bkck phblgntg y fg ikrch erhfuha, clgntrhs
bkntlnÿhn vlìnfksg, qug vhyh trhthnfk fg gnbkntrhr unh chngrh fg hyufhrak.
Gsth y ktrhs dlstkrlhs, hsã bkck thcjlìn cl gxpgrlgnblh baãnlbh,
bknikrchn ga hreucgntk fg cl nkvgah Ga fãh qug Nlgtzsbdg aakrò, gn ah qug fg
chngrh slcuatèngh (y sujrgptlblh) Irlgfrlbd Nlgtzsbdg y Oksgi Jrgugr dhbgn
rgbãprkbhcgntg fg phblgntg y tgrhpguth.
Brgk qug gs haek bkcÿn qug aks phblgntgs hyufgn h sus tgrhpguths. Oune h
cgnufk dhjahjh fg ah pktgnblhfh gilbhblh fga shnhfkr dgrlfk. Lnbausk
hilrchjh qug ah tgrhplh iunblknhjh cgokr buhnfk ga phblgntg aagvhjh ga
 

jèashck pgrigbtk phrh ah dgrlfh fga tgrhpguth y qug sl ga tgrhpguth nk

bhcjlhjh, gntknbgs ga phblgntg thcpkbk bhcjlhjh. Vha vgz aks shnhfkrgs
dgrlfks sghn gigbtlvks pkrqug tlgngn unh chykr bhphblfhf fg gcphtlzhr bkn
ahs dgrlfhs fga phblgntg= qulzè gs pkrqug phrtlblphn cès prkiunfh y
pgrsknhacgntg fga prkbgsk burhtlvk.
Rì qug gn lnnucgrhjags kbhslkngs dg bkcgnzhfk unh sgslòn gn un gsthfk
fg lntrhnqulalfhf pgrsknha y ah dg tgrclnhfk slntlìnfkcg cubdk cgokr sln
dhbgr nlneÿn bkcgnthrlk gxpaãbltk skjrg cl gsthfk lntgrlkr. Brgk qug dg
rgbljlfk hyufh fg cubdhs chngrhs fligrgntgs. H vgbgs gs sòak ga rgsuathfk fg
sgr bkcpgtgntg gn cl trhjhok, fg sgntlrcg cgokr bknclek clsck trhs dhjgr
utlalzhfk cls dhjlalfhfgs y cl gxpgrlgnblh phrh hyufhr h ktrk. H vgbgs rgsuath
fga dgbdk fg sgr shbhfk fg cã clsck y fg gntrhr un bknthbtk bkn ktrk. Ah
lntgrhbblòn ãntlch slgcprg gs shaufhjag.
Gn phrtlbuahr, dg gxpgrlcgnthfk gstg ignòcgnk gn cl prèbtlbh fg tgrhplh
fg erupk. Cubdhs vgbgs dg bkcgnzhfk unh sgslòn bkn un erupk slntlìnfkcg
turjhfk pkr haeÿn tgch pgrsknha, y dg tgrclnhfk ah rgunlòn slntlìnfkcg
jhsthntg halvlhfk. Ga hcjlgntg ãntlck fg burhblòn fg un jugn erupk fg tgrhplh
gs bhsl thneljag, y kburrgn bkshs jugnhs buhnfk unk gntrh gn gsh hurh. Rbktt
Zuthn, un gclngntg tgrhpguth fg erupk, unh vgz bkcphrò ah tgrhplh fg erupk
bkn un pugntg bknstrulfk furhntg unh jhthaah. Hunqug pugfh dhjgr haeunhs
jhohs furhntg ah ihsg fg bknstrubblòn (gs fgblr, hqugaaks qug hjhnfknhn), ga
pugntg, unh vgz agvhnthfk, pugfg trhnspkrthr h cubdh egntg dhblh un auehr
cgokr. Ìstks skn gigbtks sgbunfhrlks fga dhbgr prkplk fga shnhfkr, ckcgntks
gn aks qug ga shnhfkr sujrgptlblhcgntg tkch un pkbk fg gsh jugnh cgflblnh
qug gs ah tgrhplh. H vgbgs ah tgrhplh fga shnhfkr gs cès gxpaãblth y
trhnsphrgntg. Hunqug ga phblgntg nk gstè haaã phrh trhthr ha tgrhpguth, pugfg
dhjgr ckcgntks gn aks qug ìstg sg vgh hjruchfk pkr pgshrgs fliãblags fg
kbuathr. Ah pìrflfh fg un sgr qugrlfk gs qulzè ga fkakr cès bkcÿn fg tkfks, y
cubdks phblgntgs dhn trhthfk fg fhr ènlck ha hach fg un tgrhpguth gn fugak,
bkck gn ga gogcpak qug bltì hntgs fg ah rgspugsth fg cl erupk fg tgrhplh h ah
cugrtg fg cl chfrg. Vhcjlìn rgbugrfk h bhfh unk fg cls phblgntgs qug
duchnhcgntg sg hbgrbhrkn h cã gn gsg ckcgntk, y nk sòak phrh hyufhrcg h
rgbkcpkngrcg fg chngrh qug puflgrh htgnfgraks fg ikrch cès gilblgntg.
 

Vrhs ah pujalbhblòn fg Ygrfuek fga hckr rgbljã unh brãtlbh hfvgrsh gn Vdg
 Ngw \krm Vlcgs Jkkm Zgvlgw y unh pksltlvh cès thrfg, ah clsch sgchnh, gn
Vdg Ngw \krm Vlcgs. Yhrlks fg cls phblgntgs cg fgohrkn cgnshogs k
bkcgnzhrkn ah sgslòn sleulgntg prgeuntènfkcg sl dhjãh vlstk ah jugnh brãtlbh
y bkcphfgblìnfkcg pkr ah hfvgrsh. Gn ktrh kbhslòn, trhs unh gntrgvlsth
phrtlbuahrcgntg chalblksh fg un flhrlk, un phblgntg cg rgbkrfò qug ah egntg
ushrãh ga flhrlk phrh gnvkavgr pgsbhfk ha fãh sleulgntg.
Rg flbg qug Dhrry Rthbm Ruaalvhn, un pslqulhtrh nkrtghcgrlbhnk cuy
lniauygntg, unh vgz fgsbrljlò ah pslbktgrhplh bkck unh flsbuslòn fg tgchs
ãntlcks gntrg fks pgrsknhs, unh fg gaahs cès hnslksh qug ah ktrh. \ sl ga
tgrhpguth fgshrrkaah cès hnslgfhf qug ga phblgntg, gntknbgs ìa sg vugavg ga
phblgntg, y ga phblgntg sg bknvlgrtg gn ga tgrhpguth. Hfgcès, ah hutkgstlch fga
phblgntg sg vg hucgnthfh fg chngrh rhflbha ha sgr fg hyufh phrh ga tgrhpguth.
Dg tgnlfk ah kpkrtunlfhf gn vhrlhs kbhslkngs fg bulfhr h ileurhs lcpkrthntgs
gn cl vlfh. Gn un bhsk pufg jrlnfhr bknsugak h un cgntkr fgsgspgrhfk y
augek cg aahchrkn phrh qug trhthrh h su dlok. Gn ktrh kpkrtunlfhf, kirgbã gn
vhrlhs kbhslkngs bknsgok y bknsugak h un hntleuk tgrhpguth chykr, ak vl
furhntg unh ahreh gnigrcgfhf y tuvg ga prlvlagelk fg gsthr h su ahfk gn ga
ckcgntk fg su cugrtg. H pgshr fg dhjgrcg rgvgahfk ah irhelalfhf fg aks
chykrgs, gsths gxpgrlgnblhs slrvlgrkn phrh gnrlqugbgrcg y ikrthagbgrcg.
 

BHPÃVWAK 29
IKCGNVG AH HPGZVWZH FGA
PHBLGNVG
 

Ah hpgrturh gs un lnergflgntg fga tkfk gsgnblha fg ah pslbktgrhplh. Nlneÿn

phblgntg hprkvgbdh ah tgrhplh sl nk dhy unh hpgrturh fg su phrtg. Gs unk fg
gsks hbkntgblclgntks hutkcètlbks fg ah tgrhplh qug nkthcks sòak buhnfk
ihathn. Cubdk fg ak qug dhbgcks gn ah tgrhplh ‖prkvggr un gntkrnk sgeurk,
gsthjagbgr ah bknilhnzh, gxpakrhr ahs ihnthsãhs y aks sugøks‖ slrvg ha
prkpòsltk fg ah hpgrturh.
Buhnfk un phblgntg sg hjrg, fgoh gxpugstk un tgrrltkrlk nugvk y
slenlilbhtlvk, y rgvgah haek dhsth gsg ckcgntk fgsbknkblfk, haek
phrtlbuahrcgntg fliãbla fg gxpalbhr ‖haek pktgnblhacgntg gcjhrhzksk,
vgreknzhntg k lnbrlclnhtkrlk‖, ohcès fgok fg bknbgntrhrcg thntk gn ga
rkbgsk fga bkntgnlfk bkck gn ga bkntgnlfk clsck. (Zgbugrfg qug ga
prkbgsk sg rgilgrg h ah nhturhagzh fg ah rgahblòn gntrg ahs pgrsknhs fgntrk fg ah
lntgrhbblòn.) Gn ktrhs phahjrhs, gn haeÿn ckcgntk, h cgnufk fgspuìs fg unh
flsbuslòn tktha fga bkntgnlfk, cg hsgeurk fg gnikbhr cl htgnblòn gn ga hbtk
fg ah hpgrturh fga phblgntg. Prlcgrk cg tkck ga bulfhfk fg trhthr tha hbblòn
bkn tgrnurh y bkcgnthr ak qug slgntk hbgrbh fg ah jugnh vkaunthf fga phblgntg
ha bknilhr gn cã. Augek vugavk ah htgnblòn h ah fgblslòn fg bkcphrtlr gsg
chtgrlha bknclek gn gsg ckcgntk.
Ah tgkrãh fg ah «hpgrturh vgrtlbha vgrsus ah hpgrturh dkrlzkntha½ pugfg
 

hyufhr h bahrlilbhr gstg puntk. Ah hpgrturh vgrtlbha sg rgilgrg h unh hpgrturh gn

prkiunflfhf hbgrbh fga bkntgnlfk fg ah rgvgahblòn. Rl ah hpgrturh tlgng qug
vgr, pkr gogcpak, bkn ah gstlcuahblòn sgxuha qug ag prkfubg ha phblgntg
vgstlrsg bkn ah rkph fga sgxk kpugstk, gntknbgs ga tgrhpguth pugfg ikcgnthr ah
hpgrturh vgrtlbha lnfhehnfk hbgrbh fga fgshrrkaak dlstòrlbk fga bhcjlk fg rkph
k fg aks fgthaags y ahs blrbunsthnblhs phrtlbuahrgs fg ah prèbtlbh, gs fgblr, quì
rkph ush ga phblgntg, quì ihnthsãhs tlgng, sl ak prhbtlbh skak k ak bkcphrtg bkn
haeulgn, gtbìtgrh.
Ah hpgrturh dkrlzkntha, pkr ga ktrk ahfk, gs ah hpgrturh skjrg ga hbtk clsck
fg ah hpgrturh. Phrh ihblalthr ah hpgrturh dkrlzkntha ikrcuahcks prgeunths thags
bkck? »Xuì dh dgbdk pksljag dhjahr fg gsk dky; »Bòck fg fliãbla dh slfk
phrh ustgf; »Dh qugrlfk bkcphrtlr gstk hntgs gn ktrhs sgslkngs; »Xuì ak
fgtuvk; Fhfk qug sòak gsthcks ustgf y yk hquã, cg lchelnk qug fgjg fg
tgngr haek qug vgr bkn bòck supusk qug yk rgspknfgrãh. (Aks phblgntgs pkr ak
egngrha gstèn fg hbugrfk bkn gsth vgrfhf thn gvlfgntg.) »Bòck supusk qug
rghbblknhrãh; »Xuì rgspugsth dh vlstk dky pkr cl phrtg; »Dhy haeunh
prgeunth hbgrbh fg cl rgspugsth qug ag eusthrãh dhbgrcg; Gn tgrhplh fg
erupk, ga prkbgsk fg hpgrturh gntrh fgntrk fg un ikbk phrtlbuahrcgntg heufk
fhfk qug ahs fligrgnblhs gntrg aks clgcjrks fga erupk skn cuy gvlfgntgs.
Ìstks pugfgn gvhauhr, bkn un bknsgnsk jhsthntg nkthjag, h sus bkcphøgrks fg
erupk fg hbugrfk bkn ga erhfk fg trhnsphrgnblh. H ah ahreh aks erupks sg
vugavgn cuy lcphblgntgs bkn aks clgcjrks cuy bgrrhfks, y ah ihath fg unh
jugnh flspkslblòn h hjrlrsg sg vugavg unh bugstlòn lcpkrthntg fgntrk fga
erupk.
H cgnufk aks clgcjrks rgspknfgn bkn lcphblgnblh h ahs hpgrturhs
fgckrhfhs. «¡Hdkrh nks bugnths gsg hiihlrg qug tlgngs fgsfg dhbg trgs høks!
 ‖flbgn‖. »\ tkfk gsk fg ak qug nks dlblstg dhjahr furhntg aks ÿatlcks sgls
cgsgs; »Grh sòak un bugntk; Clrh ga tlgcpk qug nks dhs dgbdk pgrfgr, tkfhs
gshs rgunlkngs gn ahs qug supuslcks qug tu chtrlcknlk sg gsthjh
fgrrucjhnfk gxbauslvhcgntg pkr ah irlhafhf fg tu cuogr y su fgslntgrìs pkr
tl.½ Gstg prkbgsk gxleg ah lntgrvgnblòn fga tgrhpguth, pkrqug aks phblgntgs nk
fgjgn sgr bhstlehfks pkr su hpgrturh, pkr cès htrhshfh qug sgh. Ak clsck
vhag phrh ah tgrhplh lnflvlfuha. Bhfh vgz qug slgnth ehnhs fg fgblr?
 

«Chaflblòn, tkfhs gsths sgslkngs fgspgrflblhfhs, »pkr quì nk cg ak flok

hntgs;½, sgrè ga ckcgntk lnflbhfk phrh ckrfgrsg ah agneuh y bknbgntrhrsg gn
ga dgbdk fg qug su phblgntg ha ilnha fgshrrkaaò ah bknilhnzh ngbgshrlh phrh
rgvgahrag gsth lnikrchblòn.
 

BHPÃVWAK 25
AH ZGVZKHALCGNVHBLÒN GN AH
PRLBKVGZHPLH
 

Ah vgnthnh fg Okdhrl, un vgngrhjag phrhflech skjrg pgrsknhalfhf utlalzhfk

phrh ah lnstrubblòn fg bkkrflnhfkrgs y clgcjrks fg erupks skjrg ah hpgrturh
y ah rgtrkhalcgnthblòn, tlgng thcjlìn cubdk qug kirgbgr h ah tgrhplh
lnflvlfuha. Ru gxtrhøk nkcjrg gs unh iuslòn (Okg + Dhrry) fg aks nkcjrgs
prkplks fg ahs fks pgrsknhs qug ak fgsbrljlgrkn? Okg Auit y Dhrry Lnerhc.
Nòtgnsg aks buhtrk buhfrhntgs? pÿjalbk, blgek, sgbrgtk g lnbknsblgntg.
 
Bknkblfk phrh unk  Fgsbknkblfk phrh unk
unk
clsck clsck

Bknkblfk phrh aks ktrks 8. Pÿjalbk :. Blgek

 Fgsbknkblfk phrh aks 2. Rgbrgtk 6. Lnbknsblgntg

ktrks

 
Buhfrhntg 8 (bknkblfk phrh unk clsck y phrh aks ktrks)  gs ga unk clsck
 pÿjalbk.

Buhfrhntg : (fgsbknkblfk phrh unk clsck y bknkblfk phrh aks ktrks) gs

ga unk clsck blgek.
Buhfrhntg 2 (bknkblfk phrh unk clsck y fgsbknkblfk phrh aks ktrks) gs
ga unk clsck sgbrgtk.
Buhfrhntg  6 (fgsbknkblfk phrh unk clsck y phrh aks ktrks) gs ga un k
clsck lnbknsblgntg.
 
Aks buhfrhntgs vhrãhn fg thchøk sgeÿn aks lnflvlfuks? haeunhs bgafhs skn
erhnfgs gn haeunhs pgrsknhs, pgqugøhs gn ktrhs. Gn tgrhplh lntgnthcks
bhcjlhr ga thchøk fg ahs buhtrk bgafhs. Vrhthcks fg hyufhr h qug ah bìauah
pÿjalbh brgzbh h gxpgnshs fg ahs ktrhs trgs y qug ga unk clsck sgbrgtk sg
gnbkoh h cgflfh qug aks phblgntgs, h trhvìs fga prkbgsk fg hpgrturh k
hutkrrgvgahblòn, bkcphrtgn cès fg sã clscks, ha prlnblplk bkn ga tgrhpguth y
augek oulblkshcgntg bkn ahs ktrhs pgrsknhs fg sus vlfhs qug sghn hfgbuhfhs.
\, pkr supugstk, gspgrhcks flsclnulr ga thchøk fga unk clsck lnbknsblgntg
hyufhnfk h aks phblgntgs h gxpakrhr y h ihclalhrlzhrsg bkn bhphs bhfh vgz cès
prkiunfhs fg sã clscks.
Pgrk gs h ah bìauah nÿcgrk :, ga unk clsck blgek, h ah qug hpunthcks gn
phrtlbuahr, thntk gn tgrhplh lnflvlfuha bkck gn tgrhplh erupha. Wn kjogtlvk fg
ah tgrhplh gs lnbrgcgnthr ah prugjh fg rghalfhf y hyufhr h aks lnflvlfuks h
vgrsg tha bkck aks vgn aks ktrks. Gs pkr cgflk fg ah rgtrkhalcgnthblòn qug ga
unk clsck blgek sg vugavg nkthjagcgntg cès pgqugøk.
Gn ah tgrhplh fg erupk, ah rgtrkhalcgnthblòn sg gnbugntrh gn su chykr
phrtg gntrg aks clgcjrks. Gn ahs sgslkngs fg erupk, aks clgcjrks lntgrhbtÿhn
cubdk gntrg sã y sg egngrh cubdh lnikrchblòn gn tkrnk h aks phtrkngs
lntgrpgrsknhags. Rl sg bknfubg ga erupk fg ikrch hfgbuhfh, aks clgcjrks
rgbljgn cubdh rgtrkhalcgnthblòn fg aks ktrks clgcjrks skjrg ah chngrh gn
qug skn vlstks pkr aks ktrks. Pgrk ah rgtrkhalcgnthblòn gs unh dgrrhclgnth
fgalbhfh y aks clgcjrks hprgnfgn prkntk qug gs cuy ÿtla sl?
 
Gchnh fg kjsgrvhblkngs fga «hquã y hdkrh½.
Rleug ak cès bgrbh pksljag ha subgsk qug ah egngrò.
 Rg bgntrh gn kjsgrvhblkngs y sgntlclgntks gspgbãilbks egngrhfks gn ga

kygntg cès qug gn bknogturhs k lntgrprgthblkngs hbgrbh fg ah cktlvhblòn

fga dhjahntg.
Ga rgbgptkr rgvlsh ah rgtrkhalcgnthblòn bkn ktrks clgcjrks phrh kjtgngr
unh vhalfhblòn bknsgnsuha.
 
Gn ga slstgch fg fks pgrsknhs fg ah tgrhplh lnflvlfuha, ah
rgtrkhalcgnthblòn gs cgnks vhrlhfh y vkauclnksh, pgrk nk kjsthntg gs unh
phrtg lnstrucgntha fga prkbgsk tgrhpìutlbk. Gs h trhvìs fg gaah qug aks
phblgntgs sg vugavgn cgokrgs tgstleks fg su prkplk bkcpkrthclgntk y
hprgnfgn h vhakrhr ga lcphbtk qug tlgng su bknfubth gn aks sgntlclgntks fg
aks ktrks.
 

BHPÃVWAK 24
RGH GIGBVLYK \ HCHJAG HA
JZLNFHZ AH
ZGVZKHALCGNVHBLÒN
 

Rl ustgf tlgng lcprgslkngs bahrhs skjrg ga «hquã y hdkrh½ qug phrgbgn

pgrtlngntgs bkn aks tgchs bgntrhags fg su phblgntg, fgjg fgshrrkaahr ckfks fg
trhnscltlr gshs kjsgrvhblkngs fg unh chngrh tha qug ga phblgntg pugfh
hbgpthrahs.
Dhy phsks qug cg rgsuathn ÿtlags ha lnlblk fg ah tgrhplh. Prlcgrk,
lnbkrpkrk ha phblgntg bkck un halhfk y ag skalbltk su pgrclsk phrh kirgbgr cls
kjsgrvhblkngs fga «hquã y hdkrh½. Augek fgok bahrk qug gsths kjsgrvhblkngs
skn cuy lcpkrthntgs phrh ahs rhzkngs qug trhogrkn ha phblgntg h ah tgrhplh. Pkr
gogcpak, gn unh fg gsths prlcgrhs sgslkngs pkfrãh fgblr?
 ‖Xulzè pugfh hyufhrak h bkcprgnfgr ak qug vh cha gn sus rgahblkngs
bkn aks ktrks gxhclnhnfk nugstrh rgahblòn tha bkck sg vh fgshrrkaahnfk.
Hunqug nugstrh rgahblòn nk gs ak clsck qug unh hclsthf, tlgng, sln gcjhrek,
cubdk gn bkcÿn, phrtlbuahrcgntg ah nhturhagzh ãntlch fg nugstrh bdhrah. Rl
sg cg kburrg haeunh kjsgrvhblòn hbgrbh fg ustgf qug qulzè hrrkog auz skjrg ak
qug kburrg gntrg ustgf y aks ktrks, qulslgrh pkfgr sgøhaèrsgah. »Ag phrgbg
jlgn;
Gs bhsl lcpksljag qug ga phblgntg rgbdhbg gstg kirgblclgntk y, unh vgz
 

ilohfk gstg bkntrhtk, cg slgntk cès kshfk y cgnks lntruslvk gn ah

rgtrkhalcgnthblòn. Pkr ak egngrha, un hbugrfk fg gsth ãnfkag gs unh jugnh lfgh
y pugfg sgrvlr phrh rgbkrfèrsgak ha phblgntg gn bhsk fg qug sg prkfuzbh
haeunh sltuhblòn lnbòckfh gn rgahblòn bkn ah rgtrkhalcgnthblòn.
Bknslfgrgcks pkr gogcpak gstks trgs phblgntgs?
Vgf, qug furhntg trgs cgsgs dhjah bkn vkz suhvg y rgdÿyg cl clrhfh.
Jkj, un hatk gogbutlvk, bhphz y flnèclbk, qug vlgng h tkfhs ahs sgslkngs
bkn unh hegnfh y tkch nkths y cg plfg qug rgplth cubdhs fg cls irhsgs phrh
nk pgrfgrsg nlneunh phahjrh.
Rhc, qug flvheh y tgog bkntlnuhcgntg ahrehs y thnegnblhags dlstkrlhs sln
sgntlfk.
Bhfh unk fg gstks trgs phblgntgs hnunblò tgngr erhnfgs flilbuathfgs phrh
gnthjahr rgahblkngs ãntlchs, y gn bhfh bhsk su bknfubth fga «hquã y hdkrh½
gsthjh kjvlhcgntg gnahzhfh bkn sus prkjagchs phrh rgahblknhrsg. Ah thrgh, gn
bhfh unh fg ahs trgs lnsthnblhs, grh gnbkntrhr un cìtkfk hfgbuhfk fg
bkcphrtlr cls lcprgslkngs.
 ‖Vgf, cg fky bugnth fg qug nunbh cg clrh h aks koks. Pkr supugstk, nk
sì pkr quì rgdÿyg ah clrhfh, pgrk gsk cg lnblth h dhjahrag bkn cubdh
suhvlfhf, bhsl bkck sl ustgf iugsg irèela, y gsh sgnshblòn fg irhelalfhf cg
aagvh h skpgshr bkn suck bulfhfk tkfk ak qug ag flek. Brgk qug gsth
prgbhublòn cg lcplfg sgr gspkntèngk y sgntlrcg bgrbh fg ustgf. »Ag
skrprgnfgn cls bkcgnthrlks; Xulzè yh aks dhyh kãfk hntgs.
 ‖Jkj, pgrcãthcg bkcphrtlr bkn ustgf haeunhs sgnshblkngs qug tgnek.
Ahs hegnfhs qug trhg h bhfh sgslòn y ga dgbdk fg tkchr nkths cg cugstrhn ak
cubdk qug trhjhoh phrh hprkvgbdhr ga tlgcpk. Yhakrk su fgflbhblòn y su
prgphrhblòn, pgrk h ah vgz gsths hbtlvlfhfgs cg prkfubgn un gigbtk cuy
fgilnlfk. Pgrbljk gn nugstrhs rgunlkngs unh htcòsigrh fgchslhfk gcprgshrlha
gn vgz fg pgrsknha, y h vgbgs slgntk qug cg gstuflh y cg gvhaÿh fg ikrch thn
clnublksh qug hdkeh cl gspknthnglfhf. Nktk qug sky bkn ustgf cès bhutk fg
ak qug qulslgrh. »Gs pksljag qug ustgf higbtg h aks ktrks fg ah clsch chngrh;
 ‖Rhc, pgrcãthcg qug ak lntgrrucph. Wstgf gstè bknthnfk unh dlstkrlh
cuy ahreh y gstky gcpgzhnfk h sgntlrcg pgrflfk? gstky fgohnfk fg vgr quì
 rgagvhnblh tlgng phrh nugstrk trhjhok. Cubdhs fg sus dlstkrlhs skn rghacgntg

lntgrgshntgs. Wstgf gs un nhrrhfkr cuy jugnk, pgrk h ah vgz gshs dlstkrlhs

kpgrhn bkck unh jhrrgrh gntrg nksktrks. Ahs dlstkrlhs cg hagohn fg ustgf y
cg lcplfgn un gnbugntrk cès prkiunfk. »Haeunh vgz haeulgn ag dh flbdk
gstk;
Prgstg htgnblòn h ah utlalzhblòn fg ahs phahjrhs gn bhfh unh fg ahs
rgspugsths. Gn bhfh unh fg gaahs cg htgnek h cls kjsgrvhblkngs fg ah
bknfubth qug vgk y h bòck cg dhbg sgntlr tha bknfubth. Pknek cubdh
htgnblòn gn gvlthr buhaqulgr bknogturh hbgrbh fg ah lntgnblòn fga phblgntg, gs
fgblr, nk bkcgntk qug ga phblgntg gstè trhthnfk fg gvlthrcg ha nk clrhrcg h
aks koks, k fg bkntrkahrcg bkn ga dgbdk fg tkchr nkths gn ah hegnfh k fg
gntrgtgngrcg bkn sus ahrehs dlstkrlhs. Rl cg bknbgntrk gn cls prkplks
sgntlclgntks, gntknbgs gs cubdk cgnks prkjhjag qug gvkqug unh hbtltuf
fgignslvh= fgspuìs fg tkfk skn cls sgntlclgntks y nk pugfgn sgr
bugstlknhfks. Gn bhfh bhsk thcjlìn lntrkfuzbk ah lfgh fg qug cl fgsgk gs
gsthr cès bgrbh fg gstks phblgntgs y bknkbgraks cgokr, y qug ga
bkcpkrthclgntk gn bugstlòn cg flsthnblh y pugfg flsthnblhr thcjlìn h ktrks.
 

BHPÃVWAK 2<
HWCGNVG AH ZGBGPVLYLFHF H AH
ZGVZKHALCGNVHBLÒN
WVLAL_HNFK «PHZVGR½
 

Ktrhs suegrgnblhs bkn rgspgbtk h ah rgtrkhalcgnthblòn. Gvltg egngrhalzhr= pkr

ga bkntrhrlk, dèehak fg chngrh ikbhalzhfh y gxpaãblth. Gvltg rgspknfgr fg
ikrch hilrchtlvh h prgeunths egngrhags fg sus phblgntgs skjrg sl gaaks ag
herhfhn. Hucgntg gn bhcjlk ah utlalfhf fg su rgspugsth rgikrcuahnfk ah
prgeunth y dhjahnfk fg aks hspgbtks fga phblgntg qug ak hbgrbhn h ìa y fg
hqugaaks qug ak hagohn.
Ah utlalzhblòn fg «phrtgs½ rgsuath bkn irgbugnblh ÿtla phrh flsclnulr ah
rgslstgnblh. Bknslfgrgcks, pkr gogcpak, ga bhsk fg un phblgntg qug slgcprg
sg htrhsh bkn ga phek fg aks dknkrhrlks. Bhfh vgz qug dhjahcks fg gsk sg
slgntg pgnkshcgntg hvgreknzhfk y kirgbg unh sgrlg fg tkrpgs gxbushs.
 ‖Fhvg, gntlgnfk qug pugfg dhjgr rhzkngs kjogtlvhs phrh qug nk pheug h
tlgcpk. Cg fky bugnth fg qug ustgf trhjhoh cubdk gn ah tgrhplh, qug cg
vhakrh y qug hfgcès nugstrk trhjhok ag rgsuath vhalksk. Pgrk thcjlìn plgnsk
qug dhy haeunh phrtg suyh qug sg rgslstg y qug gxpgrlcgnth iugrtgs
sgntlclgntks bkn rgahblòn h phehrcg. Pkr ihvkr, qulslgrh dhjahrag h gsh phrtg
suyh.
Ga usk fg «phrtgs½ gs un bknbgptk cuy ÿtla phrh skbhvhr ah ngehblòn y ah
 

rgslstgnblh gn cubdhs ihsgs fg ah tgrhplh, y h cgnufk gs unh ikrch hchjag y

gagehntg fg gxpakrhr ah hcjlvhagnblh. Hfgcès, phrh aks phblgntgs qug nk
tkagrhn ah hcjlvhagnblh y tlgnfgn h vgr ah vlfh gn jahnbk y ngerk, gs unh
lntrkfubblòn gigbtlvh h ah nkblòn fg ahs flstlnths tknhalfhfgs fg erls.
Pkr gogcpak, bknslfgrgcks ga bhsk fg unk fg cls phblgntgs ehls qug gs
cuy lcprufgntg gn buhntk ha bulfhfk gn sus rgahblkngs sgxuhags y kirgbg
flstlnths rhblknhalzhblkngs ha rgspgbtk. Cl chngrh fg gnbhrhrak iug fgblrag?
«Okdn, gntlgnfk qug ustgf plgnsg qug gn gsth sltuhblòn ahs pksljlalfhfgs fg
qug ustgf bkntrhleh YLD skn sòak fg unh gntrg cla qulnlgnths. Pgrk thcjlìn
sì qug dhy unh phrtg suyh qug gs phrtlbuahrcgntg lcprufgntg k fgsbulfhfh.
Xulgrk bknkbgr y pkfgr dhjahr bkn gsh phrtg, gsh claìslch qulnegntìslch
phrtg suyh½.
K h un phblgntg fgsgspgrhfk y sulblfh? «Gntlgnfk qug sg slgntg cuy
fgshnlchfk, qug h vgbgs tlgng ehnhs fg fgohrak tkfk, qug hdkrh clsck
lnbausk tlgng ehnhs fg qulthrsg ah vlfh. Pgrk sln gcjhrek dky ustgf gstè hquã.
Haeunh phrtg suyh dh trhãfk ha rgstk fg ustgf dhsth cl bknsuatkrlk. Hdkrh, pkr
ihvkr, yk qugrrãh dhjahr bkn gsh phrtg, ah phrtg qug qulgrg vlvlr½.
 

BHPÃVWAK 60
AH ZGVZKHALCGNVHBLÒN?
EKAPGG BWHNFK GA DLGZZK GRVÌ
IZÃK
 

Wnh nugvh phblgntg, Jknny, gntrh gn cl bknsuatkrlk. Vlgng buhrgnth høks, gs

htrhbtlvh y tlgng un rkstrk hnegalbha qug rgaubg bkck sl hbhjhrhn fg pualrak.
Hunqug gs unh pgrsknh skblhjag y tlgng cubdks hcleks, cg flbg qug slgcprg
ah fgohn fg ahfk. H aks dkcjrgs ags eusth hbksthrsg bkn gaah, pgrk
lnfgigbtljagcgntg galegn fgshphrgbgr fg su vlfh trhs unhs pkbhs sgchnhs.
«»Pkr quì; ‖prgeunth gaah‖. »Pkr quì nhflg cg tkch gn sgrlk;½
Gn cl bknsuatkrlk slgcprg gs gigrvgsbgntg y gntuslhsth y cg dhbg pgnshr
gn unh hnlchfh euãh fg turlsck k gn un hfkrhjag bhbdkrrk ckvlgnfk ah bkah.
Phrgbg unh nløh pgqugøh? gs alcplh, ag eusth ah flvgrslòn, nhfh bkcpalbhfh,
pgrk cuy lrrgha y pkbk lntgrgshntg. Nk gs fliãbla gntgnfgr pkr quì aks fgcès
nk akerhn tkchrah gn sgrlk.
Gstky sgeurk fg qug cls kjsgrvhblkngs skn lcpkrthntgs y fg qug fgjgrãh
utlalzhrahs gn ah tgrhplh. Pgrk »bòck; »Bòck pugfk gvlthr ahstlchrah y
prkvkbhr qug sg blgrrg y tkcg unh hbtltuf fgignslvh; Wn prlnblplk qug cg dh
rgsuathfk cuy ÿtla gn cubdhs kbhslkngs gs ekapghr buhnfk ga dlgrrk gstè irãk,
gs fgblr, dhbgr ah rgtrkhalcgnthblòn hbgrbh fg su bkcpkrthclgntk buhnfk gstè
hbtuhnfk fg ktrh chngrh.
 

Pkr gogcpak, un fãh aakrò cuy hchrehcgntg gn cl bknsuatkrlk clgntrhs

dhjahjh fg hslstlr h ah jkfh fg su dgrchnh cgnkr. Ah vlfh ag gsthjh phshnfk
fg ahrek= sus hclehs sg gsthjhn bhshnfk, clgntrhs qug ak ÿnlbk qug gaah dhbãh
grh gnvgogbgr. Bkcpknlìnfksg bkn rhplfgz, sg ag lauclnò ah bhrh bkn unh
sknrlsh y sg flsbuapò pkr bkcpkrthrsg bkck «unh nløh½ y fgohrsg aagvhr fg
gsh chngrh gn cl bknsuatkrlk. Hprkvgbdì ah kpkrtunlfhf phrh fgblrag qug nk
sòak ahs flsbuaphs grhn lnngbgshrlhs, slnk qug, pkr ga bkntrhrlk, grh
phrtlbuahrcgntg lcpkrthntg qug gaah bkcphrtlgrh bknclek sus ckcgntks fg
fgsgspgrhblòn.
 ‖Cg slgntk cubdk cès bgrbh fg ustgf dky ‖flog‖. Phrgbg cubdk cès
rgha. Gs bkck sl hdkrh ah bknkblgrh fg vgrfhf, cgokr qug nunbh hntgs.
Rlagnblk.
 ‖»Xuì plgnsh, Jknny;
 ‖»Xulgrg fgblr qug tgnek qug fgrrucjhrcg hntg ustgf phrh qug slgnth
qug cg bknkbg;
 ‖Pugfk gntgnfgr fg quì ckfk ak pgnshrãh ustgf. Fìogcg qug ag
gxpalqug. Cubdhs vgbgs buhnfk ustgf gntrh gn ga bknsuatkrlk slgntk qug gs
bdlspghntg y flvgrtlfh= sln gcjhrek, cg slgntk agoks fg qulgn gs ustgf gn
rghalfhf. Dhy unh blgrth gigrvgsbgnblh qug ustgf tlgng h vgbgs qug gs cuy
gnbhnthfkrh, pgrk thcjlìn hbtÿh bkck unh jhrrgrh qug nks chntlgng
sgphrhfks. Dky gs fligrgntg. Dky cg slgntk bkngbthfk fg vgrfhf bkn ustgf y
tgnek ah bkrhzknhfh fg qug ìstg gs ga tlpk fg bkngxlòn qug ustgf hndgah gn
sus rgahblkngs skblhags. Fãehcg, »slgntg qug cl rghbblòn gs gxtrhøh; »K
ihclalhr; »Haeulgn ag flok gstk haeunh vgz; »Gs pksljag qug ak qug ag gstky
flblgnfk pugfh tgngr haeunh rgagvhnblh bkn ak qug ag subgfg gn ktrhs
rgahblkngs;
Ktrh tìbnlbh rgahblknhfh gcpagh gsthflks fg gfhf. H vgbgs slgntk qug un
phblgntg gstè gn un fgtgrclnhfk gsthflk fg gfhf, h vgbgs gn ktrk, y trhtk fg
gnbkntrhr unh chngrh hbgpthjag fg bkcphrtlr gstk bkn ga phblgntg, pkr ak
egngrha bkcgntènfkak buhnfk slgntk qug sg gnbugntrh gn un gsthflk fg gfhf
hprkplhfh. H haeunks phblgntgs gstg bknbgptk ags rgsuath phrtlbuahrcgntg
lcpkrthntg y cubdks sg kjsgrvhn h sã clscks bkn irgbugnblh y bkcgnthn
 skjrg ah gfhf qug slgntgn tgngr furhntg unh sgslòn fgtgrclnhfh.

BHPÃVWAK 68
DHJAG FG AH CWGZVG
 

Ga
Nksclgfk h ah cugrtg
kjsgslknh sg ilatrh
h ak ahrek fg gn tkfk
tkfh ah ckcgntk pkr fgjhok
vlfh y grlelcks fg ah supgrilblg.
fgignshs ‖cubdhs
jhshfhs gn ah ngehblòn‖ phrh hyufhrnks h alflhr bkn ah bknblgnblh fg ah
cugrtg. Pgrk nk pkfgcks qultèrnksah fg ah cgntg. Rg fgrrhch pkr nugstrhs
ihnthsãhs y nugstrks sugøks. Rg aljgrh fgshikrhfh gn nugstrhs pgshflaahs.
Buhnfk ìrhcks nløks nks prgkbuphjh ah cugrtg, y unh fg ahs prlnblphags
thrghs fg nugstrk fgshrrkaak dh slfk gnirgnthrnks ha tgckr fg ah fgshphrlblòn.
Nk dhy trhthclgntk tgrhpìutlbk qug nk rgbljh ah vlslth fg ah cugrtg.
Lenkrhr su prgsgnblh trhnscltg ga cgnshog fg qug gs fgchslhfk tgrrljag bkck
phrh dhjahr fgfggaah.
flrgbthcgntg Nk kjsthntg,
ah cugrtg. ah chykr
»Pkr quì; phrtgakfggvlthn
Haeunks aks tgrhpguths
pkrqug nkgvlth
shjgndhjahr
quì
dhbgr bkn gaah. «»Xuì sgntlfk tlgng; ‖prgeunthn‖. Ykavhcks ha prkbgsk
nguròtlbk, haek qug pkfgcks ckflilbhr.½ Ktrks bugstlknhn ah rgagvhnblh fg ah
cugrtg phrh ga prkbgsk tgrhpìutlbk y sleugn ga bknsgok fga erhn Hfkapd
Cgygr, qug rgbkcgnfò nk rhsbhr fknfg nk plbh. \ gstèn aks qug sg nlgehn h
shbhr un tgch qug lnsplrh unh erhn hneustlh gn un phblgntg fg pkr sã
hneustlhfk (y gn un tgrhpguth thcjlìn).
Rln gcjhrek, gxlstgn vhrlhs jugnhs rhzkngs pkr ahs qug fgjgcks hirknthr
ga tgch gs
tgrhplh fg ah
unhcugrtg furhntg prkiunfh
gxpakrhblòn ga bursk fgy unh tgrhplh. Prlcgrk,
hjhrbhfkrh skjrg ah rgbugrfg
flrgbblònqug
y ah
ga
 

sgntlfk fg ah prkplh vlfh= fhfk ga auehr bgntrha qug kbuph ah cugrtg gn nugstrh
gxlstgnblh, fhfk qug ah vlfh y ah cugrtg skn lntgrfgpgnflgntgs, »bòck
pkfrãhcks lenkrhrah; Fgsfg qug gxlstgn rgelstrks gsbrltks fga pgnshclgntk,
aks duchnks sg dhn pgrbhthfk fg qug tkfk sg fgsvhngbg, fg qug tgcgcks ah
fgshphrlblòn y fg qug fgjgcks gnbkntrhr unh chngrh fg vlvlr h pgshr fg gsg
tgckr y fg ah fgshphrlblòn clsch. Aks pslbktgrhpguths nk pugfgn pgrcltlrsg
lenkrhr h tkfks aks erhnfgs pgnshfkrgs qug dhn bknbaulfk qug hprgnfgr h
vlvlr jlgn gs hprgnfgr h ckrlr jlgn.
 

BHPÃVWAK 6:
AH CWGZVG \ AH GTHAVHBLÒN FG
AH YLFH
 

H ah chykrãh fg aks trhjhohfkrgs fg ah shauf qug hslstgn h pgrsknhs qug gstèn

h puntk fg ckrlr sg ags rgbkclgnfh, furhntg su ikrchblòn, ah agbturh fg  Ah
cugrtg fg Lvhn Lalbd, fg Vkastòl. Lvhn Lalbd, un juròbrhth fg hach cgzqulnh
qug gstè heknlzhnfk, trkplgzh ha ilnha fg su vlfh bkn un pgnshclgntk qug ak
fgoh phschfk? sg fh bugnth fg qug gstè curlgnfk fg unh chngrh gsphntksh
pkrqug vlvlò fg gsh chngrh. Gsh erhn lntulblòn prkfubg un erhn bhcjlk gn su
pgrsknh, y gn sus ÿatlcks fãhs ah vlfh fg Lvhn Lalbd fgsjkrfh fg unh phz y un
sgntlfk qug ohcès hntgs dhjãh habhnzhfk. Cubdhs ktrhs kjrhs fg altgrhturh
bkntlgngn un cgnshog slclahr. Pkr gogcpak, gn Eugrrh y phz, Plgrrg, ga
prktheknlsth, suirg unh trhnsikrchblòn trhs sgr shavhfk gn ga ÿatlck ckcgntk
fg un gsbuhfròn fg iuslahclgntk. Rbrkkeg, gn Bugntk fg Nhvlfhf, nk sg
trhnsikrch fg rgpgntg gn un dkcjrg nugvk fgjlfk h ah hagerãh fg ahs
Nhvlfhfgs= cès jlgn su trhnsikrchblòn sg prkfubg buhnfk ga gspãrltu fga
iuturk ag pgrcltg prgsgnblhr su prkplh cugrtg y ahs rløhs fg unks gxtrhøks h
bhush fg sus pksgslkngs. Ga cgnshog gn tkfhs gsths kjrhs gs slcpag y
prkiunfk? hunqug ah chtgrlhalfhf fg ah cugrtg nks fgstruyg, su lfgh pugfg
shavhrnks.
Gn aks høks qug trhjhoì bkn phblgntgs bkn gnigrcgfhfgs tgrclnhags, vl h
 vhrlhs pgrsknhs qug, irgntg h ah cugrtg, suirlgrkn un bhcjlk pgrsknha

slenlilbhtlvk y pksltlvk. Aks phblgntgs sgntãhn qug sg dhjãhn vugatk cès

shjlks= vkavlgrkn h prlkrlzhr sus vhakrgs y bkcgnzhrkn h fgsprgkbuphrsg fg
ahs trlvlhalfhfgs. Grh bkck sl ga bènbgr dujlgsg burhfk sus ngurksls= ahs ikjlhs
y ahs prgkbuphblkngs lntgrpgrsknhags qug alclthjhn sus vlfhs phrgblgrkn
gvhpkrhrsg.
Rlgcprg dlbg qug cls haucnks kjsgrvhrhn h aks erupks fg phblgntgs bkn
bènbgr. Pkr ak egngrha, gn ahs lnstltublkngs fg gnsgøhnzh, aks erupks pgrcltgn
ah kjsgrvhblòn pkr phrtg fg gstuflhntgs, pgrk ak dhbgn fg chah ehnh y h
cgnufk sln pkfgr vgnbgr pkr bkcpagtk blgrtk rgsqugckr. Pgrk gsk nk kburrãh
gn cls erupks fg phblgntgs bkn bènbgr tgrclnha. Pkr ga bkntrhrlk, hbgpthjhn
fg jugnh ehnh ah kpkrtunlfhf fg bkcphrtlr ak qug dhjãhn hprgnflfk. «Pgrk
quì aèstlch qug dhyhcks tgnlfk qug gspgrhr dhsth hdkrh ‖kã fgblr h thntks
phblgntgs‖, dhsth qug nugstrks bugrpks dhyhn gsthfk fgstrkzhfks pkr ga
bènbgr, phrh hprgnfgr h vlvlr.½
Dglfgeegr dhjahjh fg fks ckfks fg gxlstgnblh? ga ckfk bktlflhnk y ga
ckfk kntkaòelbk. Gn ga ckfk bktlflhnk, ga gntkrnk chtgrlha nks bknsucg y
nks flstrhg? nks aagnh fg hfclrhblòn ga bòck skn ahs bkshs fga cunfk. Gn ga
ckfk kntkaòelbk nks bknbgntrhcks gn ga sgr  pgr sg, gs fgblr, nks aagnh fg
hfclrhblòn qug ahs bkshs sghn. Buhnfk gxlstlcks fga ckfk kntkaòelbk ‖ga
rglnk cès haaè fg ahs prgkbuphblkngs bktlflhnhs‖ gsthcks gn un gsthfk fg
phrtlbuahr prgflspkslblòn phrh ga bhcjlk pgrsknha.
Pgrk »bòck phshcks fga ckfk bktlflhnk ha ckfk kntkaòelbk; Aks
ilaòskiks h cgnufk dhjahn fg «gxpgrlgnblhs aãcltgs½, gxpgrlgnblhs
hprgclhntgs qug nks hrrhnbhn fg ah bktlflhnglfhf y ilohn nugstrh htgnblòn gn
ga «sgr½ gn sã. Ah gxpgrlgnblh aãcltg cès pkfgrksh gs unh bknirknthblòn bkn ah
prkplh cugrtg. Pgrk »buèags sgrãhn ahs gxpgrlgnblhs aãcltgs gn ah prèbtlbh
baãnlbh fg tkfks aks fãhs; »Bòck pugfg kjtgngr ga tgrhpguth ga lcpuask phrh
ga bhcjlk lndgrgntg ha ckfk kntkaòelbk gn phblgntgs qug nk hirknthn unh
cugrtg lnclngntg;
Vkfh tgrhplh gstè pahehfh fg gxpgrlgnblhs qug, hunqug cgnks frhcètlbhs,
pugfgn sln gcjhrek hatgrhr fg chngrh gigbtlvh ah pgrspgbtlvh.
Pgrfgr h un sgr qugrlfk, aubdhr bkn ah cugrtg fga ktrk, gs unh gxpgrlgnblh
 aãcltg buyk pkfgr pkbhs vgbgs sg hprkvgbdh gn ga prkbgsk tgrhpìutlbk. Bkn

fgchslhfh irgbugnblh gn gsks bhsks nks bgntrhcks gxtgnsh y gxbauslvhcgntg

gn ah pìrflfh, gn ahs bkshs qug qugfhrkn lnbknbaushs gn ah rgahblòn, gn ah thrgh
fg fgsprgnfgrnks fga cugrtk y vkavgr h lnergshr gn ah bkrrlgntg fg ah vlfh.
Hunqug tkfks gstks phsks skn lcpkrthntgs, nk fgjgcks fgsbulfhr ga dgbdk fg
qug ah cugrtg fga ktrk thcjlìn slrvg phrh qug bhfh unk fg nksktrks
bknirkntgcks lntgnsh y fgsbhrnhfhcgntg nugstrh prkplh cugrtg. Dhbg
cubdks høks, gn un gstuflk skjrg pgrsknhs qug dhjãhn phfgblfk ah cugrtg fg
un bònyueg, gnbkntrì qug cubdhs fg gshs pgrsknhs dhjãhn lfk cès haaè fg ah
slcpag rgphrhblòn y rgbupgrhblòn fg su nlvga hntgrlkr fg iunblknhclgntk?
gntrg un buhrtk y un tgrblk fg aks suogtks akerhjhn un nugvk nlvga fg chfurgz
y shjlfurãh.
Hfgcès fg ah cugrtg y ah pìrflfh fg un sgr qugrlfk, dhy cubdhs ktrhs
kpkrtunlfhfgs phrh dhjahr fg tgchs rgahblknhfks bkn ah cugrtg furhntg ga
bursk fg ah tgrhplh. Rl thags tgchs nk suregn, brgk qug ga phblgntg thn sòak gstè
sleulgnfk ahs lnstrubblkngs gnbujlgrths fga tgrhpguth. Ah cugrtg y ah
ckrthalfhf ikrchn ga dkrlzkntg fg tkfhs ahs bknvgrshblkngs skjrg ga
gnvgogblclgntk, aks bhcjlks bkrpkrhags, aks gsthflks fg ah vlfh y cubdks
dltks slenlilbhtlvks, thags bkck hnlvgrshrlks lcpkrthntgs, ah phrtlfh fg aks
dloks fg ah bhsh, ga ignòcgnk fga nlfk vhbãk, ah oujlahblòn, ga nhblclgntk fg
aks nlgtks. Wnh rgunlòn fg hntleuks bkcphøgrks fg gsbugah pugfg sgr un
bhthalzhfkr phrtlbuahrcgntg pktgntg. Vkfk phblgntg bkcgnth, gn un ckcgntk
u ktrk, nktlblhs fga flhrlk skjrg un hbblfgntg, un dkclblflk, un hvlsk iÿngjrg.
\ augek gstè, thcjlìn, ah dugaah lnbkniunfljag fg ah cugrtg gn bhfh pgshflaah.
 

BHPÃVWAK 62
BÒCK DHJAHZ FG AH CWGZVG
 

\k prgilgrk dhjahr fg ah cugrtg flrgbthcgntg y fg chngrh rghalsth. Rlgcprg

cg gnbhrek fg kjtgngr, ha pkbk tlgcpk fg lnlblhr un trhthclgntk, unh dlstkrlh
fg ah gxpgrlgnblh qug ga phblgntg dh tgnlfk bkn ah cugrtg y ikrcuak prgeunths
thags bkck? »Buènfk sg flk bugnth pkr prlcgrh vgz fg ah gxlstgnblh fg ah
cugrtg; »Bkn qulìn ak dhjaò; »Bòck rgspknfãhn h sus prgeunths aks hfuatks;
»Xuì cugrtgs dh suirlfk; »H quì iungrhags dh hslstlfk; »Brggnblhs rgalelkshs
bkn rgspgbtk h ah cugrtg; »Bòck dh bhcjlhfk h ak ahrek fg su vlfh su hbtltuf
gn rgahblòn bkn ah cugrtg; »Vlgng sugøks k ihnthsãhs iugrtgs bkn ah cugrtg;
Hjkrfk h aks phblgntgs qug phfgbgn hneustlh pkr ah cugrtg sgvgrh fg ah
clsch chngrh flrgbth. Wnh flsgbblòn trhnqulah y rghalsth fg ah hneustlh h
cgnufk pugfg halvlhr. Bkn irgbugnblh gs ÿtla hnhalzhr ga tgckr y prgeunthr
bkn bhach quì gs oustk ak qug ag rgsuath htgrrhfkr fg ah cugrtg. Ahs rgspugsths
h gsths prgeunths pkr ak egngrha lnbauygn tgckrgs ha hbtk clsck fg ckrlr,
prgkbuphblòn pkr aks skjrgvlvlgntgs, prgkbuphblòn pkr ga cès haaè (ak qug
gaufg ah prgeunth trhnsikrchnfk ah cugrtg gn un hbkntgblclgntk qug fgoh fg
sgr lrrgvgrsljag) y pkr ah hnlqulahblòn fg ah prkplh pgrsknh.
Wnh vgz qug aks tgrhpguths fgcugstrgn su gbuhnlclfhf ha dhjahr fg ah
cugrtg, sus phblgntgs shbhrèn ga tgch bkn cubdh chykr irgbugnblh. Pkr
gogcpak, h Ohnlbg, unh chfrg fg trgs bdlbks, fg trglnth y fks høks, ag dhjãhn
 prhbtlbhfk unh dlstgrgbtkcãh fks høks hntgs. Kjsgslknhfh bkn ah lfgh fg nk

pkfgr tgngr cès dloks, gsthjh bgaksh fg ahs ktrhs chfrgs oòvgngs, sg gniurgbãh
buhnfk haeunks hcleks ah lnvlthjhn h un igstgok pkr ga nhblclgntk fg un dlok,
y tgrclnò rkcplgnfk pkr bkcpagtk bkn su cgokr hcleh h bhush fg unh
prkiunfh y hchreh gnvlflh ha qugfhr ìsth gcjhrhzhfh. Nugstrhs sgslkngs
lnlblhags sg bgntrhrkn gn su lnihtlehjag fgsgk fg tgngr cès dloks y sus
rhclilbhblkngs gn thnths flstlnths gsigrhs fg su vlfh. Gn ah tgrbgrh sgslòn ag
prgeuntì sl shjãh gn quì gsthrãh pgnshnfk sl nk gstuvlgrh pgnshnfk gn jgjìs.
 ‖Fìogcg qug sg ak cugstrg ‖flok Ohnlbg.
Hjrlò su bhrtgrh y gxtrhok unh chnfhrlnh, ah pgaò, cg kirgblò un ehok, qug
hbgptì, y bkclò ga rgstk.
 ‖Ylthclnh B ‖hpuntò‖. Bkck buhtrk chnfhrlnhs pkr fãh.
 ‖»\ pkr quì gs thn lcpkrthntg ah vlthclnh B;
 ‖Gvlth qug cugrh. Ckrlr..., ìsh gs ah rgspugsth h su prgeunth skjrg gn
quì pgnshrãh. Plgnsk gn ckrlr tkfk ga tlgcpk.
Ah cugrtg ah kjsgslknhjh fgsfg qug tgnãh trgbg høks, buhnfk dhjãh
cugrtk su chfrg. Aagnh fg rhjlh bkntrh gaah pkr dhjgr gnigrchfk, sg dhjãh
ngehfk h vlslthrah gn ga dkspltha furhntg ahs ÿatlchs sgchnhs fg su vlfh. Pkbk
fgspuìs, gntrò gn pènlbk pkrqug pgnsò qug un gplskflk fg tks lnflbhjh qug
tgnãh un bènbgr fg puacòn y aks cìflbks fg euhrflh nk akerhrkn
trhnqulalzhrah. Bkck su chfrg dhjãh cugrtk fg un bènbgr fg chch, gaah
lntgntò rgthrfhr ga brgblclgntk fg sus pgbdks vgnfènfksgaks y furclgnfk
jkbh hjhok. Ah buaph fg dhjgr hjhnfknhfk h su chfrg ah chrbò fg pkr vlfh y
brgãh qug fgflbhrsg h sus dloks grh unh ikrch fg rgphrhr ga qug nk sg dujlgrh
kbuphfk fg su chfrg, hsã bkck thcjlìn fg hsgeurhrsg fg qug nk ckrlrãh skah.
Nk dhy qug kavlfhr qug ah prgkbuphblòn pkr ah cugrtg h cgnufk sg
flsirhzh bkn ga htugnfk fga sgxk. Ga sgxk gs ga erhn ngutrhalzhfkr fg ah
cugrtg, su tktha y vltha hntãtgsls. Haeunks phblgntgs gxpugstks h ah erhn
hcgnhzh fg ah cugrtg fg prkntk sg kjsgslknhn pgrchngntgcgntg bkn
pgnshclgntks sgxuhags. (Dhy gstuflks VHV, Vgst fg Hprgblhblòn Vgcètlbh,
qug fkbucgnthn un lnbrgcgntk fga bkntgnlfk sgxuha gn phblgntgs bkn
bènbgr.) Ga tìrclnk irhnbìs phrh krehsck, ah pgtltg ckrtg (ah pgqugøh
cugrtg), slenlilbh ah pìrflfh kreèsclbh fg sã clsck qug galclnh ga fkakr fg ah
 sgphrhblòn, ga skalthrlk «yk½ qug sg fgsvhngbg gn ah iuslòn fga «nksktrks½.

Wnh phblgntg bkn un bènbgr hjfkclnha chalenk unh vgz cg vlsltò pkrqug
sg dhjãh gnhckrhfk fg su blruohnk dhsth tha puntk qug ahs ihnthsãhs sgxuhags
bkn ìa rggcpahzhjhn ga clgfk h ah cugrtg. Buhnfk, pkr gogcpak, tgnãh
prkerhchfk un trhthclgntk lcpkrthntg gn ga qug ìa ljh h gsthr prgsgntg, ah
fgblslòn fg quì rkph pkngrsg ag hbhphrò thntk ah htgnblòn qug pgrflò fg vlsth
ga dgbdk fg qug su vlfh pgnfãh fg un dlak.
Ktrk phblgntg, un «gtgrnk pÿjgr½, prkflelk fg ahs chtgcètlbhs, sgeuãh
slgnfk bkck un nløk, y pgrchngblò gn gxtrgck hpgehfk h su chfrg dhsth
jlgn gntrhfh ah gfhf hfuath. Gxtrhkrflnhrlhcgntg fkthfk phrh bknbgjlr
erhnfgs lfghs, phrh bhpthr aks puntks gsgnblhags fg nugvks y bkcpagoks
bhcpks fg lnvgstlehblòn, phrh ahs erhnfgs kburrgnblhs rgpgntlnhs, ohcès
dhjãh pkflfk ounthr ah iugrzh fg vkaunthf ngbgshrlh phrh bkcpagthr un
prkygbtk, phrh tgngr unh bhrrgrh, unh ihclalh k un dkehr. Ah prgkbuphblòn pkr
ah cugrtg nk grh haek bknsblgntg, pgrk ga tgch gntrò gn nugstrh bdhrah h trhvìs
fg un sugøk?
 ‖Cl chfrg y yk gsthcks gn unh dhjlthblòn erhnfg. Rg phrgbg h ah
dhjlthblòn fg unh bhsh hntleuh, pgrk gn ak qug sgrãh unh fg ahs phrgfgs dhy
unh pahyh. Bhclnhcks dhsth ah pahyh y cl chfrg cg lnsth h cgtgrcg gn ga
heuh. Ha prlnblplk cg cugstrk rghblk, pgrk ag bknslek unh slaah phrh qug sg
slgntg y gcplgzk h gntrhr fgsphblk. Ga heuh gs cuy ksburh, y prkntk, h
cgflfh qug gntrk cès y cès, dhsth aks dkcjrks, ahs kahs sg vugavgn fg
erhnltk. Cg fgsplgrtk hsilxlhfk y gcphphfk gn sufkr.
Ah lchegn fg kahs fg erhnltk bujrlìnfkak, unh pkfgrksh lchegn fg tgrrkr,
cugrtg y gntgrrhclgntk, nks hyufò h bkcprgnfgr su rgslstgnblh h fgohr ah
nløgz y h su chfrg, y h gntrhr pkr bkcpagtk gn ah hfuatgz.
 

BHPÃVWAK 66
DHJAG RKJZG GA RGNVLFK FG AH
YLFH
 

Phrgbg qug aks duchnks skcks brlhturhs jusbhfkrhs fg sgntlfk qug dgcks
tgnlfk ah fgserhblh fg sgr hrrkohfhs gn un cunfk fgsprkvlstk fg un
slenlilbhfk lntrãnsgbk. Wnh fg nugstrhs prlnblphags thrghs gs lnvgnthr un
sgntlfk ak suilblgntgcgntg rkjustk bkck phrh skstgngr nugstrh vlfh y rghalzhr
ha clsck tlgcpk ah trhcpksh chnlkjrh fg ngehr nugstrh hutkrãh pgrsknha fg
gsg sgntlfk. Fg gstg ckfk, bknbaulcks qug gsthjh «hdã hiugrh½ gspgrhnfk qug
ak fgsbujrlìrhcks. Nugstrh jÿsqugfh bkntlnuh fg slstgchs fg sgntlfk vèalfks
h cgnufk nks aagvh h ahs brlsls fg slenlilbhfk.
Rkn cès aks lnflvlfuks qug rgburrgn h ah tgrhplh pkr prgkbuphblkngs
hbgrbh fga sgntlfk fg ah vlfh fg ak qug sugagn brggr aks tgrhpguths. Oune flok
qug un tgrblk fg sus phblgntgs ljhn h su bknsuath pkr gsh rhzòn. Ahs qugohs
tkchn ikrchs cuy flstlnths. Pkr gogcpak? «Cl vlfh nk tlgng bkdgrgnblh½,
«Nk tgnek phslòn pkr nhfh½, «»Pkr quì gstky vlvk;½, «»Phrh quì;½,
«Rgeurhcgntg, ah vlfh fgjg fg tgngr un sgntlfk cès prkiunfk½, «Cg slgntk
thn vhbãk... Ygr ah tgagvlslòn tkfhs ahs nkbdgs cg dhbg sgntlr thn lnÿtla g
lnsgrvljag...½, «Vkfhvãh hdkrh, h aks blnbugnth høks, nk sì quì qulgrk dhbgr
buhnfk sgh chykr½.
Wnh vgz tuvg un sugøk (fgsbrltk gn  Chcè y ga sgntlfk fg ah vlfh) gn ga
 qug, clgntrhs iakthjh bgrbh fg ah cugrtg gn unh dhjlthblòn fg dkspltha, fg

rgpgntg cg gnbkntrhjh gn unh htrhbblòn fg un phrqug fg htrhbblkngs (Ah bhsh

fg aks dkrrkrgs). Clgntrhs ga vgdãbuak gsthjh h puntk fg gntrhr gn ahs ihubgs
ngerhs fg ah cugrtg, fg rgpgntg vgãh h cl chfrg cugrth gntrg ah cuatltuf y ag
erlthjh? «¡Chcè, chcè! »Bòck gstès;½.
Ga sugøk y gn gspgblha cl erltk ‖«¡Chcè, chcè! »Bòck gstès;½‖ cg
kjsgslknhrkn furhntg cubdk tlgcpk, nk pkr ah lchelngrãh fg ah cugrtg fga
sugøk, slnk pkr sus aÿeujrgs lcpalbhblkngs bkn rgspgbtk ha sgntlfk fg ah vlfh.
»Grh pksljag qug dujlgsg eulhfk tkfh cl vlfh bkn ga kjogtlvk prlnblpha fg
kjtgngr ah hprkjhblòn fg cl chfrg;, cg prgeunthjh. Bkck dhjãh tgnlfk unh
rgahblòn tkrcgntksh bkn cl chfrg y nk dhjãh vhakrhfk su hprkjhblòn
clgntrhs vlvãh, ga sugøk grh cubdk cès ckrfhz.
Ah brlsls fg sgntlfk fgsbrlth gn ga sugøk cg lcpuasò h gxpakrhr cl vlfh fg
unh chngrh flstlnth. Gn unh dlstkrlh qug gsbrljã gnsgeulfh fgspuìs fga sugøk,
gnthjahjh unh bknvgrshblòn bkn ga ihnthsch fg cl chfrg bkn ga iln fg bgrrhr
ah jrgbdh gntrg aks fks y bkcprgnfgr bòck sg gntrgahzhjhn y bdkbhjhn gntrg
sã aks flstlntks sgntlfks qug bhfh unk ag fhjh h ah vlfh.
Haeunks thaagrgs gxpgrlcgnthags utlalzhn flstlntks rgbursks phrh hagnthr ah
flsbuslòn skjrg ga sgntlfk fg ah vlfh. Xulzè ga cès bkcÿn sgh prgeunthr h aks
phrtlblphntgs quì gplthilk ags eusthrãh phrh sus tucjhs. Ah chykrãh fg gshs
lnfhehblkngs skjrg ga sgntlfk fg ah vlfh aagvhn h flsbuslkngs fg cgths thags
bkck ga hatrulsck, ga dgfknlsck, ah fgflbhblòn h unh bhush, ah egngrhtlvlfhf,
ah brghtlvlfhf, ah hutkrrghalzhblòn. Cubdks slgntgn qug aks prkygbtks fg vlfh
bkjrhn cès slenlilbhfk sl trhsblgnfgn h ah prkplh pgrsknh, gs fgblr, sl gstèn
flrlelfks h haek k h haeulgn iugrh fg gaaks clscks, bkck ga hckr h unh bhush,
h unh pgrsknh, h unh gsgnblh flvlnh.
Ga rgblgntg ìxltk prgbkz fg oòvgngs claaknhrlks fg ah hath tgbnkakeãh h
cgnufk egngrh unh brlsls gn sus vlfhs qug pugfg rgsuathr lnstrubtlvh bkn
rgspgbtk h slstgchs qug ag ktkrehn h ah vlfh un sgntlfk qug nk trhsblgnfg h ah
prkplh pgrsknh. Cubdks fg gsks lnflvlfuks bkclgnzhn sus bhrrgrhs bkn unh
vlslòn bahrh? trlunihr, ehnhr un ckntòn fg flngrk, vlvlr ah jugnh vlfh, rgbljlr
ga rgspgtk fg aks bkagehs, rgtlrhrsg oòvgngs. \ un nÿcgrk sln prgbgfgntg fg
òvgngs fg unks trglnth høks dlzk oustk gsk. Pgrk augek surelò ah prgeunth? »\
 hdkrh quì; »Xuì vky h dhbgr ga rgstk fg cl vlfh, aks pròxlcks buhrgnth høks;

Ah chykr phrtg fg gsks oòvgngs qug dg vlstk bkntlnÿhn dhblgnfk

prèbtlbhcgntg ak clsck? lnlblhn nugvhs gcprgshs, trhthn fg rgpgtlr sus ìxltks.
»Pkr quì; Rg flbgn h gaaks clscks qug fgjgn prkjhr qug nk iug un slcpag
ekapg fg sugrtg, qug ak pugfgn dhbgr skaks, sln ah hyufh fg un skblk k un
cgntkr. Rg lcpkngn cgths cès haths. Phrh sgntlr qug gaaks y sus ihclalhs
gstèn sgeurks, yh nk gs suilblgntg bkn tgngr unk k fks claakngs gn ga jhnbk=
ngbgslthn blnbk, flgz, k lnbausk blnbugnth claakngs. Rg fhn bugnth fg ah
lrrhblknhalfhf y ga slnsgntlfk fg ehnhr cès flngrk buhnfk yh tlgngn cès fg ak
qug pkfrãhn aagehr h ehsthr, pgrk gstk nk aks fgtlgng. Rg fhn bugnth fg qug ags
gstèn rkjhnfk ga tlgcpk h sus ihclalhs, h bkshs qug gstèn cès bgrbh fg sus
bkrhzkngs, pgrk sgnblaahcgntg nk pugfgn shalrsg fga ougek. «Ga flngrk gstè hdã
 ‖cg flbgn‖. Ak ÿnlbk qug tgnek qug dhbgr gs bkegrak.½ Vlgngn qug dhbgr
ngekblks. Wn gcprgshrlk fg jlgngs lncugjags cg flok qug sgntãh qug ljh h
fgshphrgbgr sl phrhjh. Cubdks tgcgn ga hjurrlclgntk= lnbausk ah cès cãnlch
plzbh fg hjurrlclgntk aks ahnzh bkrrlgnfk fg vugath ha ougek. Rbdkpgndhugr
flok qug ga qugrgr gn sã clsck ohcès sg shtlsihbg? thn prkntk sg bucpag un
fgsgk, hphrgbg ktrk. Hunqug pugfg dhjgr haeÿn jrgvg rgsplrk, haeÿn pgrãkfk
iuehz fg shtlsihbblòn, fg lncgflhtk sg trhnsikrch gn hjurrlclgntk. «Vkfh
vlfh duchnh ‖flok‖ sg shbufg fg un ahfk h ktrk gntrg ga fkakr y ga
hjurrlclgntk.½
H fligrgnblh fg cl gnikqug bkn ktrhs bugstlkngs gxlstgnblhags gsgnblhags
(ah cugrtg, ga hlsahclgntk, ah aljgrthf), brgk qug ah cgokr chngrh fg gnbhrhr ah
bugstlòn fga sgntlfk fg ah vlfh gs fg un ckfk kjalbuk. Ak qug fgjgcks dhbgr
gs sucgrelrnks gn unk fg tkfks aks pksljags sgntlfks, gn phrtlbuahr unk qug sg
jhsg gn trhsbgnfgr ah prkplh pgrsknh. Ak qug bugnth gs ga bkcprkclsk, y
bucpalrgcks cgokr nugstrh thrgh bkck tgrhpguths sl lfgntlilbhcks y
hyufhcks h qulthr aks kjstèbuaks qug lcplfgn tha bkcprkclsk. Bkck gnsgøò
Jufh, ah prgeunth pkr ga sgntlfk fg ah vlfh nk gs gn sã clsch bknstrubtlvh.
Wnk fgjg sucgrelrsg gn ga rãk fg ah vlfh y fgohr qug ah prgeunth sg plgrfh
bkck un trknbk h ah fgrlvh.
 

BHPÃVWAK 67
AH ALJGZVHF
 

Hntgrlkrcgntg fgsbrljã buhtrk bugstlkngs ÿatlchs, buhtrk dgbdks

iunfhcgnthags fg ah gxlstgnblh ‖ah cugrtg, ga hlsahclgntk, ah ihath fg sgntlfk
y ah aljgrthf‖ qug, ha bknirknthrsg, gvkbhn unh prkiunfh hnslgfhf. Ga ngxk
gntrg aljgrthf y hnslgfhf gs fliãbla fg lntulr, pkrqug h prlcgrh vlsth ah aljgrthf
phrgbg bkntgngr sòak bknnkthblkngs bahrhcgntg pksltlvhs. Fgspuìs fg tkfk,
»nk gs hbhsk ah aljgrthf pkaãtlbh ak qug dgcks hndgahfk y pkr ak qug dgcks
aubdhfk h ak ahrek fg tkfh ah dlstkrlh fg ah blvlalzhblòn kbblfgntha; Rln
gcjhrek, ah aljgrthf tlgng un ahfk ksburk. Ylsth fgsfg ah pgrspgbtlvh fg ah
hutkbrghblòn, fg ah gagbblòn, ah vkaunthf y ah hbblòn, ah aljgrthf gs
pslbkaòelbhcgntg bkcpagoh y gstè bhrehfh fg hneustlh.
Rkcks, gn ga sgntlfk cès prkiunfk fg ah phahjrh, rgspknshjags fg
nksktrks clscks. Rkcks, bkck flok Rhrtrg, aks hutkrgs fg nksktrks clscks.
Pkr cgflk fg ah such fg nugstrhs gagbblkngs, fg nugstrhs hbblkngs y nugstrhs
kclslkngs, gn ÿatlch lnsthnblh nks ckafghcks h nksktrks clscks. Nk
pkfgcks gsqulvhr gsth rgspknshjlalfhf, gsth aljgrthf. Gn phahjrhs fg Rhrtrg,
«gsthcks bknfgnhfks h ah aljgrthf½.
Nugstrh aljgrthf iauyg lnbausk bkn cès prkiunflfhf qug ga ikrohclgntk fg
nugstrh vlfh lnflvlfuha. Dhbg cès fg fks sleaks, Mhnt nks gnsgøò qug skcks
rgspknshjags fg fhr ikrch y sgntlfk nk sòak ha cunfk lntgrlkr, slnk thcjlìn
 ha cunfk gxtgrlkr. Ròak pgrbljlcks ga cunfk gxtgrlkr fg hbugrfk bkn ga

ckfk gn qug ak prkbgsh nugstrk hphrhtk ngurkaòelbk y pslbkaòelbk. Ah

rghalfhf nk gs gn hjskautk bkck ah lchelnhcks gn nugstrh lnihnblh= nk
gntrhcks gn un cunfk jlgn gstrubturhfk (y ha ilnha ak fgohcks). Cuy pkr ga
bkntrhrlk, nksktrks fgsgcpgøhcks un phpga bgntrha gn ah bknstltublòn fg gsg
cunfk y ak bknstltulcks bkck sl tuvlgsg unh gxlstgnblh lnfgpgnflgntg.
»\ ah rgahblòn gntrg ga ahfk ksburk fg ah aljgrthf, ah hnslgfhf y ga trhjhok
tgrhpìutlbk; Rg pugfg gnbkntrhr unh rgspugsth bkn ga slcpag dgbdk fg jhohr ah
clrhfh. Rl skcks bknstrubtkrgs prlchrlks fga cunfk, gntknbgs »fònfg sg
gnbugntrh ah sòalfh tlgrrh skjrg ah qug nks hpkyhcks; »Xuì dhy fgjhok fg
nksktrks; Ah nhfh.  Fhs Nlbdts, bkck flbgn aks ilaòskiks hagchngs. Ga
hjlsck, ga bhks fg ah aljgrthf. \ bkn ah pgrbgpblòn fg ah nhfh gn ga bkrhzòn
fga sgr vlgng unh prkiunfh hnslgfhf.
Fg haaã qug, sl jlgn ga tìrclnk aljgrthf  gstè husgntg gn ahs sgslkngs fg
tgrhplh y gn aks chnuhags fg pslbktgrhplh, sus fgrlvhfks ‖rgspknshjlalfhf,
vkaunthf, fgblslòn‖ skn dhjlthntgs cuy vlsljags fg aks gsiugrzks
pslbktgrhpìutlbks.
 

BHPÃVWAK 69
H\WFHZ H AKR PHBLGNVGR H
HRWCLZ AH ZGRPKNRHJLALFHF
 

Clgntrhs aks phblgntgs lnslsthn gn brggr qug sus prkjagchs prlnblphags skn ga
rgsuathfk fg haek qug gstè cès haaè fg su bkntrka ‖ahs hbblkngs fg ktrhs
pgrsknhs, aks ngrvlks, ahs lnoustlblhs fg ahs bahsgs skblhags, aks egngs‖,
gntknbgs nksktrks aks tgrhpguths gsthrgcks cuy alclthfks gn ak qug tgngcks
phrh kirgbgr. Pkfrgcks bkcphfgbgrnks, suegrlr cès cìtkfks hfhpthtlvks
phrh rgspknfgr h aks hshatks y ahs lnoustlblhs fg ah vlfh= pkfrgcks hyufhr h aks
phblgntgs h hfqulrlr gbuhnlclfhf, k gnsgøhrags h sgr cès gigbtlvks gn ah
ckflilbhblòn fg sus gntkrnks.
Pgrk sl tgngcks ah gspgrhnzh fg akerhr bhcjlks tgrhpìutlbks cès
slenlilbhtlvks, fgjgcks hagnthr h nugstrks phblgntgs h hsuclr ah
rgspknshjlalfhf, gs fgblr, h bkcprgnfgr fg quì chngrh bkntrljuygn h su
hialbblòn. Wnh phblgntg pugfg, pkr gogcpak, fgsbrljlr unh sgrlg fg
gxpgrlgnblhs dkrrgnfhs gn sus rgahblkngs bkn ahs pgrsknhs? aks dkcjrgs ah
chatrhthn, sus hclehs ah trhlblknhn, sus ogigs ah gxpakthn, sus hchntgs ah
gnehøhn. Lnbausk sl ga tgrhpguth gstè bknvgnblfk fg ah vgrhblfhf fg aks dgbdks
fgsbrltks, aageh un ckcgntk gn qug dhy qug prgsthr htgnblòn ha phpga fg ah
prkplh pgrsknh gn gsh sgbugnblh fg hbkntgblclgntks. Ga tgrhpguth tha vgz fgjh
fgblr? «Lnbausk sl ga nkvgnth y nugvg pkr blgntk fg ahs bkshs qug ag subgfgn gs
 buaph fg ktrk, qulgrk qug clrgcks ha unk pkr blgntk? ah phrtg qug gs su

rgspknshjlalfhf. Vgngcks qug hnhalzhr su phpga, hunqug sgh cuy alclthfk,

pkrqug gs hdã fknfg pugfk sgrag fg chykr hyufh½.
Ah jugnh flspkslblòn h hbgpthr ah prkplh rgspknshjlalfhf vhrãh cubdk fg
phblgntg h phblgntg. Haeunks habhnzhn rèplfk unh bkcprgnslòn fga phpga qug
ugehn gn sus fgserhblhs= h ktrks ags rgsuath thn fliãbla hsuclr ah
rgspknshjlalfhf qug gstk bknstltuyg ah phrtg prlnblpha fg ah tgrhplh y, unh vgz
fhfk gsg phsk, ga bhcjlk tgrhpìutlbk subgfg bhsl sln gsiugrzk y fg ikrch
hutkcètlbh.
Vkfk hnhalsth fgshrrkaah cìtkfks phrh ihblalthr ah thrgh fg hsuclr ah prkplh
rgspknshjlalfhf. Pgrsknhacgntg, h vgbgs lnslstk h aks phblgntgs qug sg slgntgn
cuy gxpakthfks gn qug nk dhy gxpakthfkr sln gxpakthfk, gs fgblr, qug sl unh
y ktrh vgz sg gnbugntrhn fgshrrkaahnfk ga phpga fg gxpakthfks, gntknbgs bkn
tkfh sgeurlfhf gsg phpga fgjg fg tgngr haeÿn tlpk fg htrhbtlvk phrh gaaks.
»Xuì pkfrãh sgr; Haeunks tgrhpguths tkchn ah clsch pkslblòn buhnfk
bknirknthn h sus phblgntgs bkn ah prgeunth? «»Xuì prkvgbdk shbh ustgf gn
gsth sltuhblòn;½.
Ga ikrchtk fg tgrhplh fg erupk tlgng unh bhphblfhf phrtlbuahrcgntg
pkfgrksh phrh hyufhr h aks phblgntgs h bkcprgnfgr sus rgspknshjlalfhfgs
pgrsknhags. Vkfks aks phblgntgs bkclgnzhn ah tgrhplh gn leuhafhf fg
bknflblkngs, y gn ahs prlcgrhs sgchnhs k cgsgs bhfh unk fg aks clgcjrks
kbuph un phpga lntgrpgrsknha phrtlbuahr fgntrk fga erupk, unk slclahr ha qug
bhfh unk kbuph gn su vlfh iugrh fga erupk. Hfgcès, ga erupk gs tgstlek fga
ckfk gn qug bhfh unk ckfgah gsg phpga lntgrpgrsknha. Gstks phsks skn
cubdk cès kjvlks buhnfk sg aks vh sleulgnfk gn ga «hquã y hdkrh½ qug
buhnfk ga tgrhpguth trhth fg rgbknstrulraks h phrtlr fga rgahtk pkbk bknilhjag
fga phblgntg.
Ga ìnihsls qug ga erupk fg tgrhplh pkng gn ah rgtrkhalcgnthblòn lnlblh unh
sgbugnblh fg hbgpthblòn fg ah rgspknshjlalfhf?
 
8. Aks clgcjrks hprgnfgn h bknkbgr ga ckfk gn qug aks ktrks kjsgrvhn su
bknfubth.
:. Augek hprgnfgn h rgbknkbgr quì sgntlclgntks prkvkbh gsh bknfubth gn
 aks ktrks.

2. Kjsgrvhn fg quì chngrh su bknfubth ckfgah ah kplnlòn qug aks ktrks sg

ikrohn fg gaaks.
6. Pkr ÿatlck, hprgnfgn qug gstks trgs prlcgrks phsks ckfgahn ak qug gaaks
slgntgn fg sã clscks.
 
Hsã, ga prkbgsk bkclgnzh bkn ga bkcpkrthclgntk fga phblgntg y tgrclnh
bkn ah chngrh gn qug bhfh unk gs vhakrhfk pkr aks ktrks y pkr sã clsck.
Gsth sgbugnblh pugfg ikrchr ah jhsg fg pkfgrkshs lntgrvgnblkngs pkr
phrtg fga tgrhpguth fg erupk. Pkr gogcpak? «Okg, vghcks ak qug gstè
kburrlgnfk phrh tl gn ga erupk. Hquã gstès tÿ, fgspuìs fg fks cgsgs fg tgrhplh,
sln sgntlrtg cuy jlgn bkntlek clsck gn gstg erupk y bkn vhrlks clgcjrks
qug sg slgntgn lcphblgntgs bkntlek (k lntlclfhfks k gsqulvks k gnihfhfks k
ckagstks k sgfublfks k gnehøhfks). »Xuì dh subgflfk; »Ìsg gs un auehr
ihclalhr phrh tl; »Gsthrãhs flspugstk h hnhalzhr ga phpga qug fgsgcpgøhs phrh
qug tkfk gstk subgfh;½.
Aks tgrhpguths fg phblgntgs lnflvlfuhags thcjlìn hprkvgbdhn aks fhtks fga
«hquã y hdkrh½ buhnfk sgøhahn ah rgspknshjlalfhf fga phblgntg gn ga prkbgsk
tgrhpìutlbk, pkr gogcpak, ga aagehr thrfg, ga kbuathr lnikrchblòn y
sgntlclgntks, ga kavlfhrsg fg hnkthr aks sugøks, gtbìtgrh.
Hsuclr ah rgspknshjlalfhf gs un prlcgr phsk gsgnblha gn ga prkbgsk
tgrhpìutlbk. Wnh vgz qug aks lnflvlfuks rgbknkbgn su phpga gn ah brghblòn fg
sus prkplhs flilbuathfgs gn ah vlfh, thcjlìn sg fhn bugnth fg qug gaaks, y sòak
gaaks, tlgngn ga pkfgr fg bhcjlhr ah sltuhblòn.
Clrhr ah prkplh vlfh bkn kjogtlvlfhf y hbgpthr ah rgspknshjlalfhf fg ak
qug unk sg dh dgbdk h sã clsck pugfg prkvkbhr un erhn pgshr. Ga tgrhpguth
fgjg hntlblphr gsg pgshr g lntgnthr rgfgilnlrak. H cgnufk ags plfk h cls
phblgntgs qug sg prkygbtgn gn ga iuturk y qug bknslfgrgn fg quì chngrh
pkfrãhn vlvlr hdkrh phrh qug fg hquã h blnbk høks pugfhn clrhr dhblh htrès sln
qug aks vugavh h bujrlr unh nugvh kah fg hrrgpgntlclgntk.
 

BHPÃVWAK 65
NWNBH (K BHRL NWNBH) VKCG
FGBLRLKNGR PKZ GA PHBLGNVG
 

Dhbg haeunks høks, Clmg, un cìflbk fg trglnth y trgs høks, cg vlsltò h bhush
fg un flagch hprgclhntg? tgnãh un plsk cuatlprkplgfhf gn ga Bhrljg y
pahnghjh lrsg fg vhbhblkngs ha bhjk fg un cgs. Pgrk dhjãh un prkjagch, un
erhn prkjagch. Dhjãh lnvlthfk h fks cuogrgs ‖Fhragng, su nkvlh fg dhbãh un
blgrtk tlgcpk, y Phtrlblh, unh cuogr cuy htrhbtlvh qug dhjãh bknkblfk un phr
fg cgsgs hntgs‖ h qug ak hbkcphøhrhn y ahs fks dhjãhn hbgpthfk. »Xuì
fgjãh dhbgr; Ah hnslgfhf ak tgnãh phrhalzhfk.
Fgsbrljlò su rgahblòn bkn ahs fks cuogrgs. Fhragng, unh pgrlkflsth, dhjãh
slfk ah rglnh fg ah ilgsth fg prkckblòn gn ga lnstltutk y sg dhjãhn vugatk h
gnbkntrhr gn unh rgunlòn fg gxhaucnks dhbãh unks høks. Ag rgsuathjh euhph y
htrhbtlvh, y sg gnhckrò fg gaah ha lnsthntg. Hunqug Clmg y Fhragng vlvãhn gn
blufhfgs flstlnths, dhbãh trgs høks qug prktheknlzhjhn un lntgnsk rkchnbg,
dhjahjhn tkfks aks fãhs y phshjhn bhsl tkfks aks ilngs fg sgchnh y ahs
vhbhblkngs ountks.
Rln gcjhrek, gn aks ÿatlcks cgsgs, ga hrfkr fg ah rgahblòn sg dhjãh
gnirlhfk. Clmg sg sgntãh cgnks htrhãfk pkr Fhragng, su vlfh sgxuha
ahneulfgbãh y h sus bknvgrshblkngs tgagiònlbhs ags ihathjh gntuslhsck.
Hfgcès, sus fgjgrgs pgrlkfãstlbks ag gxleãhn vlhohr thntk qug pkr ak egngrha ag
 rgsuathjh fliãbla tgngr aljrgs aks ilngs fg sgchnh y ag grh lcpksljag cufhrsg

cès bgrbh fg ìa. Pgrk Phtrlblh, su nugvh hcleh, phrgbãh un sugøk dgbdk
rghalfhf? pgflhtrh, gagehntg, hflngrhfh, vlvãh h un mlaòcgtrk fg flsthnblh y
tgnãh cubdhs ehnhs fg gsthr bkn ìa.
Nk grh phrh rkcpgrsg ah bhjgzh. Ykavã h rgpgtlrag ah fgsbrlpblòn qug cg
dhjãh dgbdk fg ahs fks cuogrgs, prgeuntènfkcg tkfk ga tlgcpk «»Buèa gs ga
prkjagch;½. Ah fgblslòn phrgbãh thn kjvlh ‖Phtrlblh grh pgrigbth y Fhragng
prkjagcètlbh‖ y ga pahzk ilnha thn lnclngntg qug sgntãh unh gnkrcg
tgnthblòn fg cgtgrcg y fgblrag qug nk pgrflgrh ga tlgcpk y bkcunlbhrh su
fgblslòn, ah ÿnlbh fgblslòn rhzknhjag qug pkfãh tkchr. »Xuì sgntlfk tgnãh
sgeulr flahthnfk ahs bkshs; »Phrh quì dhbgrag tkfk cès fliãbla h ah pkjrg
Fhragng gstlrhnfk ga hsuntk fg unh chngrh lnngbgshrlh y bruga; Hunqug gvltì
ah trhcph fg fgblrag gxpaãblthcgntg quì dhbgr, cg ahs lnegnlì phrh dhbgrag
shjgr cl kplnlòn. Nksktrks aks tgrhpguths tgngcks nugstrhs chøhs, irhsgs
thags bkck? «Cg prgeuntk quì gs ak qug ag lcplfg aagvhr h bhjk ah fgblslòn
qug yh phrgbg dhjgr tkchfk½. (\ cg prgeuntk quì fgcknlks dhrãhn aks
tgrhpguths sln ga hrtlauelk fga «cg prgeuntk½.) \ hsã, fg un ckfk u ktrk, ag
dlbg ga erhn sgrvlblk (gn sòak trgs sgslkngs hbgagrhfhs) fg ckvlalzhrak phrh
qug gsbrljlgrh ah lngvlthjag bhrth fg rupturh h Fhragng y phrtlgrh bkn Phtrlblh
dhblh un rgspahnfgblgntg hthrfgbgr bhrljgøk.
Pgrk ga rgspahnfkr nk furò fgchslhfk. Gn aks cgsgs sleulgntgs subgflgrkn
bkshs cuy gxtrhøhs. Hunqug Phtrlblh sgeuãh slgnfk unh cuogr fg gnsugøk,
Clmg iug slntlìnfksg bhfh vgz cès lnbòckfk bkn su ngbgslfhf fg bgrbhnãh y
bkcprkclsk. Nk ag eustò qug gaah ag flgrh ahs aahvgs fg su hphrthcgntk y ag
lnslstlgrh phrh qug ìa dlblgrh ak clsck. \ augek, buhnfk Phtrlblh suelrlò qug
vlvlgrhn ountks, Clmg sg kpusk. Gn nugstrhs sgslkngs gcpgzò h dhjahr bkn
igrvkr fg bòck vhakrhjh su gsphblk y su skagfhf. Phtrlblh grh unh cuogr
gxtrhkrflnhrlh, sln nlneÿn fgigbtk. Pgrk ìa sg sgntãh lnvhflfk. Nk qugrãh vlvlr
bkn gaah nl bkn nhflg, y cuy prkntk bhfh unk sleulò su bhclnk.
Grh ga ckcgntk fg qug Clmg jusbhrh ktrh rgahblòn, y un fãh cg ckstrò un
hnunblk qug dhjãh pugstk gn un sgrvlblk fg blths fg lntgrngt. Gspgblilbhjh
bhrhbtgrãstlbhs phrtlbuahrgs fg ah cuogr fgsghfh (jgaagzh, aghathf, gfhf
hprkxlchfh, gstuflks y bknflblòn skblha) y fgsbrljãh ga tlpk fg rgahblòn qug
 gsthjh jusbhnfk (un hbugrfk gxbauslvk pgrk sgphrhfk gn ga qug bhfh unk

chntgnfrãh su prkplk gsphblk, dhjahr h cgnufk pkr tgaìiknk y phshr aks ilngs
fg sgchnh y ahs vhbhblkngs ountks).
 ‖»Rhjg unh bksh, fkbtkr; ‖flok nkstèaelbk‖= ah vgrfhf gs qug sg
phrgbg cubdk h Fhragng.
Ah ckrhagoh fg gstg bugntk hagbblknhfkr gs? buãfgsg fg tkchr fgblslkngs
pkr ga phblgntg. Gs slgcprg unh chah lfgh. Bkck ak laustrh gstg pgqugøk
rgahtk, nk sòak bhrgbgcks fg unh jkah fg brlstha, slnk qug hfgcès trhjhohcks
bkn fhtks cuy pkbk bknilhjags. Ah lnikrchblòn suclnlstrhfh pkr ga phblgntg
nk sòak gstè flstkrslknhfh, slnk qug bkn prkjhjlalfhf lrè bhcjlhnfk bkn ga
tlgcpk k h cgflfh qug vhyh gvkaublknhnfk ah rgahblòn bkn ga tgrhpguth. Gs
lngvlthjag qug surohn ihbtkrgs nugvks g lngspgrhfks. Rl, bkck subgflò gn gstg
bhsk, ah lnikrchblòn qug prgsgnth ga phblgntg hpunth bkn cubdh iugrzh h un
bursk fg hbblòn gspgbãilbk, gntknbgs ga phblgntg, pkr flstlnths rhzkngs, gstè
jusbhnfk hpkyk phrh unh fgblslòn qug pugfg sgr k nk ga ckfk cès shjlk fg
hbtuhr.
Bkn ga tlgcpk cg dg vugatk phrtlbuahrcgntg gsbìptlbk h aks rgahtks qug
dhbgn aks phblgntgs fg ah buaphjlalfhf fg sus phrgohs. Cubdhs vgbgs dg tgnlfk
ah kpkrtunlfhf fg bknkbgr ha bònyueg y fg qugfhr hskcjrhfk pkr ah ihath fg
bknvgregnblh gntrg ah pgrsknh qug gsthjh irgntg h cã y ah pgrsknh fg ah qug
dhjãh kãfk dhjahr furhntg cubdks cgsgs. Ak qug gn egngrha sg kcltg gn aks
rgahtks fg fgshbugrfk chtrlcknlha gs ga phpga fga clsck phblgntg gn tkfk gsg
prkbgsk.
Rlgcprg nks lrè cgokr sl nks jhshcks gn fhtks cès bknilhjags, fhtks nk
ilatrhfks pkr ah phrblhalfhf fga phblgntg. Dhy fks iugntgs cuy ÿtlags fg
kjsgrvhblkngs cès kjogtlvhs? ahs sgslkngs fg phrgoh, gn ahs qug ga tgrhpguth
pugfg hprgblhr ah lntgrhbblòn gntrg ahs fks phrtgs, y bknbgntrhrsg gn ga «hquã y
hdkrh½ fg ah rgahblòn tgrhpìutlbh, gn fknfg aks tgrhpguths pugfgn gxhclnhr fg
quì chngrh aks phblgntgs bkntrljuygn h sus rgahblkngs pgrsknhags.
Wnh hfvgrtgnblh? dhy vgbgs gn qug ah gvlfgnblh fg qug ga phblgntg gstè
suirlgnfk hjusk pkr phrtg fg un tgrbgrk gs thn phtgntg ‖y ah ngbgslfhf fg
hbblòn thn bahrh‖ qug ag lnbucjg ha tgrhpguth gogrbgr tkfh su lniaugnblh phrh
qug sg tkcgn blgrths fgblslkngs. Pgrsknhacgntg, dhek tkfk ak pksljag pkr
 flsuhflr h unh cuogr bkn gvlfgnblh iãslbh fg chatrhtk fg qug rgtkrng ha auehr

gn ga qug gs prkjhjag qug vugavh h sgr ekapghfh. Fg haaã ah baèusuah «bhsl

nunbh½ gn ga tãtuak fg gstg bhpãtuak.
 

BHPÃVWAK 64
FGBLRLKNGR? WNH YLH ZGELH
DHBLH AKR IWNFHCGNVKR FG AH
GTLRVGNBLH
 

Vkchr fgblslkngs pkr aks phblgntgs gs unh jugnh chngrh fg pgrfgraks. Aks
phblgntgs, h qulgngs sg ags hslenhn thrghs qug nk pugfgn k nk qulgrgn rghalzhr,
skn phblgntgs lnigalbgs. Vhntk sl sg rgslstgn h sgr bkntrkahfks, bkck sl nk sg
slgntgn hptks, k tlgcjahn hntg ah pgrspgbtlvh fg fgslauslknhr h su tgrhpguth, ga
rgsuathfk gs pkr ak egngrha ga clsck? tgrclnhn hjhnfknhnfk ah tgrhplh.
Pgrk, cès haaè fg ah pksljlalfhf fga grrkr tìbnlbk, gxlstg unh rhzòn cubdk
cès hprgclhntg phrh nk tkchr fgblslkngs pkr ga phblgntg? dhy haek cubdk
cgokr phrh dhbgr bkn aks flagchs qug gxlegn unh fgblslòn. Ahs fgblslkngs skn
un bhclnk flrgbtk dhblh unh rlbh rgelòn fg ah gxlstgnblh? ga rglnk fg ah
aljgrthf, ah rgspknshjlalfhf, ah gagbblòn, ga rgckrflclgntk, ga fgsgk y ah
vkaunthf. Bknikrchrsg bkn bknsgoks prgvgntlvks supgrilblhags supkng pgrfgr
ah kpkrtunlfhf fg gxpakrhr gstg rglnk bkn su phblgntg.
Fhfk qug aks flagchs qug gxlegn unh tkch fg fgblslòn fgsplgrthn ah
hnslgfhf fg ah aljgrthf, cubdks dhbgn tkfk ak pksljag pkr gvlthr tkchr unh
fgblslòn hbtlvh. Gs pkr gsk pkr ak qug haeunks phblgntgs jusbhn sgr aljgrhfks
fg ahs fgblslkngs y, pkr cgflk fg hstutks hrtlauelks, lnfubgn h tgrhpguths
 lnbhutks h qug ags qultgn fg gnblch ga pgsk qug ìsths rgprgsgnthn. W kjalehn h

ktrhs pgrsknhs bgrbhnhs h qug tkcgn ah fgblslòn pkr gaaks? tkfk tgrhpguth dh
vlstk phblgntgs qug tgrclnhn unh rgahblòn chatrhthnfk thntk h su phrgoh qug
ìsth ilnhacgntg galeg lrsg. Ktrks gspgrhn h qug ah phrgoh bkcgth haeunh
trhnsergslòn chnlilgsth= pkr gogcpak, unh fg cls phblgntgs htrhphfh gn unh
rgahblòn cuy fgstrubtlvh flok? «Nk akerk fhr pkr tgrclnhfh ah rgahblòn, pgrk
fgsgk plaahrak gn ah bhch bkn ktrh, hsã pkfrãh fgohrak½.
Wnh fg ahs prlcgrhs bkshs qug dhek gn ah tgrhplh gs hyufhr h aks phblgntgs
h hsuclr ah rgspknshjlalfhf pkr sus hbblkngs. Vrhtk fg hyufhraks h
bkcprgnfgr qug tkchn unh fgblslòn lnbausk sl nk ah tkchn k utlalzhn h haeÿn
ktrk phrh qug ah tkcg pkr gaaks. Wnh vgz qug aks phblgntgs hbgpthn gsh
prgclsh y skn fugøks fg su prkplh bknfubth, gntknbgs, fg unh chngrh u ktrh,
ags pahntgk ah prgeunth bahvg? »gstè shtlsigbdk; (Rhtlsigbdk thntk bkn ah
nhturhagzh fg ah fgblslòn bkck bkn ga ckfk fg tkchrah.)
Yghcks, pkr gogcpak, ga bhsk fg un dkcjrg bhshfk qug tlgng unh dlstkrlh
hckrksh qug ak flsthnblh fg su cuogr, y ah chatrhth thntk qug gs gntknbgs gaah,
nk ìa, ah qug fgblfg pkngr iln ha chtrlcknlk. Bkclgnzk pkr fgohr ha fgsnufk
su phtròn fg fgsbknkbgr sus prkplhs fgblslkngs, un phtròn qug tlgng bkck
rgsuathfk ga sgntlr qug unk gs bkntrkahfk pkr aks hbkntgblclgntks gxtgrnks.
Clgntrhs nlgeug su prkplh rgspknshjlalfhf, gs lcprkjhjag qug sg fì un
bhcjlk rgha, pkrqug su htgnblòn gsthrè flrlelfh h bhcjlhr su gntkrnk gn vgz
fg h sã clsck.
Buhnfk ga phblgntg sg fh bugnth fg su rgspknshjlalfhf fg pkngr iln ha
chtrlcknlk y bkcprgnfg qug iug ìa qulgn galelò tgrclnhrak, gntknbgs gnikbk
su htgnblòn h ak shtlsigbdk qug gstè bkn ga ckfk gn qug tkcò ah fgblslòn.
»Hbtuò fg jugnh ig bkn su bkcphøgrh fg thntks høks, bkn ah chfrg fg sus
dloks; »Xuì rgckrflclgntks tgnfrè gn ga iuturk; »Buèntk rgspgtk pkfrè tgngr
pkr sã clsck;
 

BHPÃVWAK 6<
BÌNVZGRG GN AH ZGRLRVGNBLH H
VKCHZ FGBLRLKNGR
 

»Pkr quì skn thn fliãblags fg tkchr ahs fgblslkngs; Gn ah nkvgah fg Okdn
Ehrfngr, Ergnfga, ga prktheknlsth, bkniunflfk pkr aks clstgrlks fg ah vlfh,
bknsuath h un shjlk shbgrfktg qug prknunblh fks slcpags irhsgs? «tkfk sg
fgsvhngbg½ y «ahs hatgrnhtlvhs gxbauygn½.
«Ahs hatgrnhtlvhs gxbauygn½? gsg bknbgptk rgslfg gn ga bkrhzòn fg cubdhs
fgblslkngs fliãblags. Pkr bhfh sã  fgjg
  fgjg dhjgr un nk. Ahs fgblslkngs skn bhrhs
pkrqug gxlegn unh rgnunblh. Gstg ignòcgnk dh htrhãfk h erhnfgs cgntgs h ak
ahrek fg tkfks aks tlgcpks. Hrlstòtgags lchelnhjh un pgrrk iurlksk lnbhphz fg
fgblflr gntrg fks pkrblkngs fg bkclfh leuhacgntg htrhbtlvhs, y aks
gsbkaèstlbks cgflgvhags gsbrljlgrkn skjrg ga hsnk fg Jurlfèn, qug fgsihaagbãh
fg dhcjrg gntrg fks ihrfks fg dgnk qug kaãhn leuha fg jlgn.
Gn ga bhpãtuak 6: fgsbrljã fg quì ckfk ah cugrtg gs unh gxpgrlgnblh
aãcltg bhphz fg aagvhr h un lnflvlfuk fg un gsthfk cgntha bktlflhnk h un
gsthfk kntkaòelbk (un gsthfk gn ga qug sg gstè bknsblgntg fg sgr) gn ga qug ga
bhcjlk rgsuath cès pksljag. Ah fgblslòn gs ktrh gxpgrlgnblh aãcltg. Nk sòak
nks gnirgnth bkn ga erhfk gn qug nks brghcks h nksktrks clscks, slnk
thcjlìn bkn ga aãcltg fg ahs pksljlalfhfgs. Vkchr unh fgblslòn nks sgphrh fg
 ktrhs pksljlalfhfgs. Gagelr h unh cuogr, k unh bhrrgrh, k unh unlvgrslfhf,
slenlilbh hjhnfknhr ah pksljlalfhf fg ktrhs. Buhntk cès hirknthcks nugstrks

aãcltgs, cès tgngcks qug hjhnfknhr ga cltk fg ak gspgblhags qug skcks bkck
pgrsknhs, fg nugstrk pktgnblha lalclthfk, fg nugstrh lnckrthalfhf y fg nugstrh
lncunlfhf h ahs agygs fga fgstlnk jlkaòelbk. Gs pkr gsths rhzkngs pkr ak qug
Dglfgeegr sg rgigrãh h ah cugrtg bkck ah lcpksljlalfhf fg unh pksljlalfhf
uatgrlkr. Ga bhclnk qug aagvh dhblh ah tkch fg fgblslkngs pugfg rgsuathr
fliãbla pkrqug bknfubg dhblh ga tgrrltkrlk thntk fg ah ilnltuf bkck fg ak
hjlscha, fkclnlks pgngtrhfks pkr ah hnslgfhf. Vkfk sg fgsvhngbg y ahs
hatgrnhtlvhs gxbauygn.
 

BHPÃVWAK 70
IHBLALVHZ AH BKNBLGNBLH H
VZHYÌR FGA BKNRGOK
 

Hunqug hyufhcks h nugstrks phblgntgs h rgskavgr ga flagch fg tgngr qug

tkchr fgblslkngs, skjrg tkfk bkahjkrhnfk phrh qug hsuchn ah rgspknshjlalfhf
y gxpknlgnfk ahs prkiunfhs rgslstgnblhs h gagelr, bhfh tgrhpguth utlalzh
flstlnths tìbnlbhs ihblalthfkrhs.
Pgrsknhacgntg, sugak kirgbgr bknsgok k prgsbrljlr blgrths bknfubths, nk
bkck un ckfk fg usurphr ah fgblslòn fg cl phblgntg, slnk bkn ga iln fg
fgshakohr un pgnshclgntk fgchslhfk htrlnbdgrhfk k un fgtgrclnhfk phtròn fg
bknfubth. Pkr gogcpak, Clmg, un blgntãilbk fg trglnth y buhtrk høks, gsthjh
fgsgspgrhfk pkrqug nk akerhjh fgblflr sl fgjãh phshr h vlslthr h sus phfrgs gn
su pròxlck vlhog fg trhjhok. Bhfh vgz qug ak dhjãh dgbdk gn aks ÿatlcks høks
dhjãh tgnlfk unh pgagh bkn su phfrg, un kjrgrk haek jrusbk, qug ag rgprkbdhjh
tgngr qug lr h jusbhrak ha hgrkpugrtk y ak rgehøhjh pkr nk dhjgr haqulahfk un
bkbdg.
Gn su ÿatlck vlhog sg dhjãh prkfublfk unh gsbgnh thn fgsherhfhjag gn ga
hgrkpugrtk qug dhjãh suspgnflfk ah vlslth hdã clsck y sg dhjãh lfk, sln
vkavgr h dhjahr bkn su phfrg fgsfg gntknbgs. Nk kjsthntg, qugrãh vgr h su
chfrg, h ah qug sg sgntãh cuy unlfk, y qulgn gsthjh fg hbugrfk bkn ah kplnlòn
 qug ìa tgnãh fg su phfrg, fg qug grh unh pgrsknh thbhøh, vuaehr g lnsgnsljag.
Lnstì h Clmg h qug vlslthrh h su ihclalh, pgrk qug ag flogrh h su phfrg qug

gsthjh fgblflfk h haqulahr un bkbdg. Clmg sg qugfò fgsbknbgrthfk pkr cl

suegrgnblh. Ru phfrg slgcprg dhjãh lfk ha hgrkpugrtk h jusbhrak, ìsg grh su
phpga. Vha vgz dhsth sg kignflgrh fg qug nk ak ngbgslthrh. Hfgcès, »quì
sgntlfk tgnãh gsg ehstk fg flngrk; Wnh vgz qug gstuvlgrh gn bhsh fg sus
phfrgs, ga bkbdg rgsuathrãh tkthacgntg lnÿtla. »Phrh quì ehsthr gsg flngrk sl
fgspuìs ljh h gsthr hdã phrhfk un fãh k fks;
Ag rgbkrfì qug su shahrlk fg lnvgstlehfkr grh cès fga fkjag qug ga fg su
phfrg. \ sl gsthjh prgkbuphfk pkr qug sg kignflgsg, »pkr quì nk trhthjh fg
tgngr unh hchjag bdhrah tgagiònlbh bkn ìa gxpalbènfkag ahs rhzkngs pkr ahs qug
dhjãh fgblflfk haqulahr un bkbdg;
 ‖»Wnh bdhrah tgagiònlbh bkn cl phfrg; ‖prgeuntò Clmg‖. Gs
lcpksljag. Nunbh dhjahcks pkr tgaìiknk. Dhjak sòak bkn cl chfrg buhnfk
aahck.
 ‖Vhnths rgeahs. Vhnths rgeahs ihclalhrgs ilohs ‖rgiagxlknì‖. »Wstgf
flbg qug qulgrg qug ahs bkshs bkn su phfrg bhcjlgn; Phrh qug gsk subgfh
tlgng qug bhcjlhr haeunhs rgeahs ihclalhrgs. »Buèa gs ga rlgsek fg gxpkngrsg h
ah aljrg flsbuslòn, pkr tgaìiknk, gn pgrsknh, lnbausk pkr bhrth;
Ga phblgntg ha ilnha bgflò h cls gxdkrthblkngs y, bkn su prkplk gstlak y su
prkplh vkz, bkcgnzò h bhcjlhr su rgahblòn bkn ga phfrg. Bhcjlhr unh phrtg
fga slstgch ihclalhr slgcprg higbth h ahs ktrhs, y gn gsth lnsthnblh su chfrg
rggcpahzò h su phfrg bkck ga prlcgr prkjagch ihclalhr furhntg vhrlhs
sgchnhs. Ha ilnha thcjlìn gsk sg rgskavlò= ah ihclalh sg iug unlgnfk
erhfuhacgntg y Clmg tuvk unh bahrh lcprgslòn fga phpga qug ìa dhjãh
fgsgcpgøhfk gn ah flsthnblh qug gxlstãh gntrg ìa y su phfrg.
Ktrk phblgntg, Ohrgf, nk pkfãh fhr aks phsks ngbgshrlks phrh rgnkvhr su
throgth vgrfg. Hunqug yk shjãh qug pkr fgjhok fg su pkstgrehblòn dhjãh tgchs
flnèclbks pktgnblhacgntg iìrtlags, ìstks tgnfrãhn qug gspgrhr phrh qug aks
gxpakrèsgcks pkrqug, sl nk hbtuhjh fg lncgflhtk, gsthrãh kjalehfk h fgohr ga
phãs, hjhnfknhnfk nk sòak un prkcgtgfkr prkygbtk fg lnvgstlehblòn y unh
rgahblòn rkcèntlbh iakrgblgntg, slnk thcjlìn ah tgrhplh. Ag prgeuntì sl qugrãh
qug ak hyufhrh bkn ah skalbltuf fg rgnkvhblòn fg ah throgth vgrfg.
 Cg rgspknflò qug sã, y flsgøhcks y ckfgahcks un bursk fg hbblòn y un
prkerhch. Cg prkcgtlò qug ha bhjk fg vglntlbuhtrk dkrhs cg gnvlhrãh pkr

bkrrgk gagbtrònlbk bkplhs fg su pgflfk fg bhrths fg rgigrgnblh fg gxprkigskrgs

y ogigs y, gn nugstrh pròxlch rgunlòn, slgtg fãhs fgspuìs, cg trhgrãh ha
bknsuatkrlk ahs skalbltufgs bkcpagthfhs.
Ah lntgrvgnblòn jhstò phrh rgskavgr ah brlsls y nks pgrcltlò vkavgr nugstrh
htgnblòn ha slenlilbhfk fg ah pkstgrehblòn, sus sgntlclgntks bkn rgahblòn h cl
lntgrvgnblòn, su fgsgk fg qug yk cg dlblgrh bhrek fg sus bkshs y su ngbgslfhf
fg sgr kjsgrvhfk y skbkrrlfk.
Ktrk gogcpak gs ga fg Ohy, qug qugrãh rkcpgr bkn Cge, unh cuogr bkn ah
qug dhjãh tgnlfk unh rgahblòn ãntlch furhntg vhrlks høks. Gaah dhjãh slfk unh
hcleh cuy bgrbhnh fg su cuogr y dhjãh hyufhfk h bulfhrah furhntg unh
gnigrcgfhf tgrclnha, y augek ak dhjãh hpkyhfk h ìa furhntg su dkrrgnfk
fugak fg trgs høks. Ohy sg dhjãh higrrhfk h Cge y dhjãh vlvlfk bkn gaah tkfk
gsg tlgcpk, pgrk, h cgflfh qug iug rgbkjrènfksg fg su fkakr, sg flk bugnth fg
qug nk grhn bkcphtljags y, fgspuìs fg ktrk fkakrksk høk fg lnfgblslòn, ha
ilnha ag plflò qug sg iugrh.
Hunqug nk ah fgsghjh bkck gspksh, gsthjh cuy herhfgblfk bkn gaah y ag
kirgblò unh vlvlgnfh aljrg fg rgnth gn un gflilblk qug ag pgrtgngbãh. Fgspuìs
tuvk unh sgrlg fg rgahblkngs jrgvgs bkn ktrhs cuogrgs. Bhfh vgz qug
tgrclnhjh unh fg gsths rgahblkngs sg sgntãh thn hneustlhfk pkr ah skagfhf qug
vkavãh bkn Cge, dhsth qug hphrgbãh unh nugvh cuogr cès hfgbuhfh. Furhntg
tkfk gsg tlgcpk ag fhjh h gntgnfgr h Cge, cuy sutlacgntg, qug h ah ahreh tha
vgz ikrchrhn fg nugvk unh phrgoh. Ah rgspugsth fg Cge iug pkngr su vlfh
«gn gspgrh½ y gn un gsthfk fg gtgrnh flspknljlalfhf phrh ìa.
Ag suegrã qug sus hbblkngs fg chah ig bkn Cge grhn rgspknshjags nk sòak
fg qug ìa gstuvlgsg phrhalzhfk gn ah vlfh, slnk thcjlìn fg erhn phrtg fg su
prkplh flsikrlh agvg y fg su buaph. Ìa ngeò qug gstuvlgrh hbtuhnfk fg chah ig
y bltò bkck prugjh su egngrkslfhf ha dhjgrag kirgblfk h Cge ga plsk aljrg fg
rgnth. Rl gn rghalfhf grh egngrksk bkn gaah, ag sgøhaì, »pkr quì nk ag jrlnfhjh
hyufh fg ktrh chngrh qug nk ah chntuvlgsg hthfh h ìa, pkr gogcpak, fènfkag
flrgbthcgntg un rgehak gn flngrk ha bknthfk k ah gsbrlturh fg unh vlvlgnfh;
Wnhs pkbhs sgslkngs cès fg gsg tlpk fg bknirknthblòn tuvlgrkn bkck
 rgsuathfk qug rgbknkblgsg hntg sã clsck y hntg cã qug gsthjh rgdushnfk fg
ikrch gekãsth fgohrah lr? qugrãh chntgngrah gn gspgrh, bkck rgsgrvh, bkck un

sgeurk bkntrh ah skagfhf.

Gn bhfh unk fg gstks gogcpaks ga bknsgok qug kirgbã nk tgnãh ah lntgnblòn
fg sgr un iln gn sã clsck, slnk un cgflk pkr ga buha hagnthr ah gxpakrhblòn? fg
ahs rgeahs fga slstgch ihclalhr, fga slenlilbhfk y ga rgsuathfk fg ah
pkstgrehblòn y aks hndgaks rgahblknhfks bkn gaah, fg ah nhturhagzh y ahs
bknsgbugnblhs fg ah chah ig.
Pkr ak egngrha, gs ga prkbgsk clsck fg jrlnfhr bknsgok ga qug hyufh, cès
qug ga bkntgnlfk gspgbãilbk fga bknsgok. Pkr gogcpak, unh vgz vlsltì h un
cìflbk qug sg dhaahjh phrhalzhfk gn un gsthfk fg pkstgrehblòn. Gsthjh gn
sgrlhs flilbuathfgs bkn ga dkspltha pkr su lnbhphblfhf phrh rgaagnhr lnikrcgs
cìflbks, ak qug dhjãh prkvkbhfk qug su gsbrltkrlk gstuvlgrh bujlgrtk pkr unh
cknthøh fg gshs ilbdhs sln bkcpagthr.
Lntgntì tkfk phrh ckvlalzhrak. Ylsltì su kilblnh phrh gvhauhr ah chenltuf
fg ah thrgh. Ag pgfã qug trhogrh ha bknsuatkrlk aks lnikrcgs y unh cèqulnh phrh
flbthfks fg ckfk qug puflgrh dhbgrag haeunhs suegrgnblhs tìbnlbhs skjrg
bòck utlalzhrah. Flsgøhcks un prkerhch sgchnha fg flbthfk y yk ak aahchjh
phrh hsgeurhrcg fg qug ak sgeuãh.
Nlneunh fg gsths lntgrvgnblkngs gspgbãilbhs tuvk un bkntgnlfk qug
slrvlgrh fg haek, pgrk sln gcjhrek ga prkbgsk ak ckvlalzò= gs fgblr, ga dgbdk
fg prgkbuphrcg ak jhsthntg bkck phrh gxtgnfgrcg cès haaè fga gsphblk fg cl
bknsuatkrlk. Ah sujsleulgntg cgokrãh gn nugstrh rgahblòn ha ilnha bknfuok h un
jugn trhjhok tgrhpìutlbk qug fgoò bkck rgsuathfk qug ìa fgsbujrlgrh sus
prkplks cìtkfks phrh alflhr bkn ah hbucuahblòn fg trhjhok.
 

BHPÃVWAK 78
IHBLALVHZ AHR FGBLRLKNGR?
KVZKR CÌVKFKR
 

Bkck tkfks aks tgrhpguths, tgnek cls prkplhs tìbnlbhs fg ckvlalzhblòn

ihvkrlths, fgshrrkaahfhs h ak ahrek fg cubdks høks fg prèbtlbh. H vgbgs cg
rgsuath ÿtla sujrhyhr ak hjsurfk qug gs brggr qug ahs rgslstgnblhs sg jhshn gn
hbkntgblclgntks phshfks lrrgvgrsljags. Wnh vgz tuvg un phblgntg bkn unh
rgslstgnblh cuy iugrtg y cuy phrhalzhfk gn ah vlfh, qug sgeuãh buaphnfk h su
chfrg pkr hbkntgblclgntks qug dhjãhn kburrlfk fìbhfhs hntgs. Ak hyufì h
bkcprgnfgr ak hjsurfk fg su pkslblòn plflìnfkag qug rgpltlgrh, vhrlhs vgbgs,
ah sleulgntg irhsg? «Nk vky h bhcjlhr, chfrg, dhsth qug cg trhtgs fg ikrch
flstlnth buhnfk tgnãh kbdk høks½. Fg vgz gn buhnfk h ak ahrek fg tkfks gstks
høks dg ushfk gstg cìtkfk gigbtlvk (pkr supugstk, bkn vhrlhblkngs gn ah irhsg
fg hbugrfk bkn ah sltuhblòn phrtlbuahr fg bhfh phblgntg). H vgbgs sòak ags
rgbugrfk qug thrfg k tgcprhnk vhn h tgngr qug hjhnfknhr ah cgth fg tgngr un
phshfk cgokr.
Ktrks phblgntgs flbgn qug nk pugfgn hbtuhr pkrqug nk shjgn ak qug
qulgrgn. Gn gstks bhsks, trhtk fg hyufhraks h akbhalzhr y h gxpgrlcgnthr sus
fgsgks. Gstk pugfg rgsuathr hekthfkr y ha ilnha cubdks tgrhpguths sg bhnshn y
qugrrãhn erlthr? «»Nunbh qulgrg nhfh;½. Mhrgn Dkrngy h vgbgs fgbãh, qulzè
 bkn gxhspgrhblòn? «»Ohcès pgnsò gn prgeunthrsg h ustgf clsck quì qulgrg;½.
Haeunks phblgntgs slgntgn qug nk tlgngn ga fgrgbdk fg qugrgr haek, ktrks

lntgnthn gvlthr ga fkakr fg ah pìrflfh hjhnfknhnfk tkfk fgsgk. («Rl nunbh

fgsgk nhfh, ohcès vkavgrì h fgslauslknhrcg.½) Ktrks nk gxpgrlcgnthn k
gxprgshn fgsgks bkn ah gspgrhnzh fg qug aks hfuatks qug tlgngn h su hargfgfkr
hflvlngn sus ngbgslfhfgs. Kbhslknhacgntg, aks lnflvlfuks rgbknkbgn ak qug
fgsghn buhnfk gstk ags gs hrrgjhthfk. Dg bkcprkjhfk qug h vgbgs rgsuath ÿtla,
ha trhjhohr bkn pgrsknhs qug gstèn bkniunflfhs bkn rgspgbtk h sus
sgntlclgntks dhblh ktrk, lchelnhr (k frhchtlzhr) unh bknvgrshblòn tgagiònlbh
gn ah qug ga ktrk rkcpg ah rgahblòn. »Xuì slgntgn gntknbgs; »Vrlstgzh;
»Halvlk; »Hagerãh; »Pkfgcks augek nksktrks gnbkntrhr unh chngrh fg
pgrcltlr qug gstks sgntlclgntks lnikrcgn h su bknfubth y h sus fgblslkngs
prkhbtlvhs;
H vgbgs dg akerhfk fgspgrthr h phblgntgs htrhphfks gn un flagch, sln
pkfgr fgblflr, bltènfkags unh aãngh fg  Ah bhãfh, fg Bhcus, qug slgcprg cg
dh lcphbthfk prkiunfhcgntg? «Brìhcg, ak cès fliãbla fg hjhnfknhr phrh un
dkcjrg gs hqugaak qug fgspuìs fg tkfk gn rghalfhf nk ngbgslth½.
Dg prkjhfk cubdhs chngrhs fg hyufhr h aks phblgntgs h vgr bkn cès
kjogtlvlfhf. H vgbgs rgsuath ÿtla un pahn fg hatgrhblòn fg ah pgrspgbtlvh qug dg
hprgnflfk fg un supgrvlskr, Agwls Dlaa. Dhek qug ga phblgntg sg vugavh su
prkplk bknsgogrk fga sleulgntg ckfk?
 ‖Chry, gstky un pkbk trhjhfk bkn unh fg cls phblgntgs y cg eusthrãh
dhbgrag unh bknsuath= tha vgz pugfh fhrcg haeunh suegrgnblh ÿtla. Gstky
trhthnfk h unh cuogr lntgalegntg, sgnshth, htrhbtlvh, fg unks buhrgnth y blnbk
høks, qug cg flbg qug su chtrlcknlk gs un vgrfhfgrk dkrrkr. Dhbg høks qug
pahnghjh fgohr h su chrlfk buhnfk ah dloh sg iugrh fg su bhsh phrh gstuflhr gn
ah ihbuathf. \h dhbg cubdk qug aageò gsg ckcgntk y, h pgshr fg qug gs cuy
lnigalz, sleug gn ah clsch sltuhblòn. Gaah flbg qug su chrlfk nk gs bhrløksk y
qug ah chatrhth vgrjhacgntg, pgrk nk gstè flspugsth h pgflrag qug dhehn
tgrhplh fg phrgoh, yh qug gstè fgblflfh h fgohrak, y sl ìa bhcjlh bkn ah tgrhplh,
ag vh h bksthr cès dhbgrak. Pgrk dhbg blnbk høks qug su dloh sg iug y tkfhvãh
gstè hdã y ahs bkshs sleugn leuha. Nl qulgrg dhbgr tgrhplh chrltha nl pugfg lrsg.
Cg prgeuntk sl gaah nk gstè fgspgrflblhnfk ah ÿnlbh vlfh qug tlgng bkn ga skak
 iln fg bhstlehrak. Flbg qug qulgrg qug ìa fì ga prlcgr phsk. Zugeh pkfgr
gnbkntrhrak gn ah bhch bkn ktrh cuogr, k bkn un dkcjrg (tlgng sus skspgbdhs

ha rgspgbtk), y hsã gntknbgs pkfrè fgohrak.

Pkr supugstk, Chry gnsgeulfh bkcprgnfg qug ah phblgntg gs gaah clsch.
Kãrsg fgsbrlth fgsfg unh blgrth flsthnblh gn tgrbgrh pgrsknh tha vgz ag pgrclth
hfqulrlr chykr kjogtlvlfhf skjrg su sltuhblòn.
 

BHPÃVWAK 7:
BKNFW_BH AH VGZHPLH BKCK
WNH RKAH RGRLÒN
 

Dhbg cubdks høks dlbg tgrhplh bkn Zkaak Chy furhntg un pgrãkfk fg fks
høks. Ìa vlvãh y trhjhohjh gn Vljuròn, yk gn Phak Hatk, h unh dkrh y buhrtk fg
flsthnblh gn bkbdg. Rg cg kburrlò qug hprkvgbdhrãh jlgn ga tlgcpk fga vlhog sl
gsbubdhjh unh erhjhblòn fg ah sgslòn fg ah sgchnh hntgrlkr. Zkaak gstuvk fg
hbugrfk bkn qug erhjhrh ahs sgslkngs, y prkntk fgsbujrã qug gsbubdhr ah
erhjhblòn pktgnblhjh chrhvlaakshcgntg ah gigbtlvlfhf fg ah tgrhplh, yh qug
cg sucgreãh bkn cès rhplfgz gn un trhjhok cès prkiunfk fg aks tgchs
lcpkrthntgs qug dhjãhn surelfk gn ah sgslòn hntgrlkr. Vhn ÿtla cg rgsuatò qug,
fgsfg gntknbgs, tgnek ah bkstucjrg fg erhjhr ahs sgslkngs phrh aks phblgntgs
qug tlgngn un ahrek bhclnk dhsth cl bknsuatkrlk. Fg vgz gn buhnfk, dhek ak
clsck phrh phblgntgs qug vlvgn bgrbh pgrk tlgngn haeunh lnbhphblfhf
pgbualhr phrh rgbkrfhr ah sgslòn hntgrlkr, qulzè unh erhn ahjlalfhf higbtlvh k
gplskflks flskblhtlvks jrgvgs.
Gsth tìbnlbh phrtlbuahr laustrh unh ihbgth lcpkrthntg fg ah tgrhplh? qug ah
tgrhplh iunblknh cgokr buhntk cès sg hsgcgoh h unh sgslòn bkntlnuh. Ahs
dkrhs fg tgrhplh qug skn flsbkntlnuhs fg unh sgslòn h ah ktrh skn cgnks
gigbtlvhs. Wtlalzhr ahs dkrhs fg tgrhplh phrh skaublknhr ahs brlsls qug sg dhn
 fgshrrkaahfk furhntg ah sgchnh gs unh chngrh phrtlbuahrcgntg lngilbhz fg
kpgrhr. Buhnfk gcpgbì h trhjhohr gn gstg bhcpk kã h Fhvlf Dhcjure, ga ogig

fg pslqulhtrãh fg Rthnikrf, rgigrlrsg gn jrkch h ah pslbktgrhplh bkck

«blbaktgrhplh½, y gn vgrfhf dhy haek fg blgrtk gn gsh kplnlòn, gn ga sgntlfk fg
qug h tkfhs dkrhs gsthcks rgtrhjhohnfk k gahjkrhnfk ahs clschs bkshs.
Hjrlcks nugvks tgchs, aks trhjhohcks un tlgcpk, phshcks h ktrks, pgrk fg
ikrch rgeuahr y rgpgtltlvh vkavgcks h aks clscks tgchs, lnfhehnfk bhfh vgz
cès gn prkiunflfhf. Ga hspgbtk bãbalbk fga prkbgsk tgrhpìutlbk dh slfk
bkcphrhfk bkn ga ckfk gn qug sg bhcjlh unh rugfh fg hutkcòvla. Pkngcks
ahs tugrbhs gn aks tkrnlaaks, vhcks housthnfk bhfh tugrbh unh pkr unh fg
chngrh phrgoh dhsth qug vkavgcks h ah prlcgrh, augek rgpgtlcks ga prkbgsk
dhsth qug ah rugfh gstè òptlchcgntg nlvgahfh.
Zhrh vgz sky yk ga qug bkclgnzh unh sgslòn. Bkck ah chykr phrtg fg aks
tgrhpguths, prgilgrk gspgrhr h qug gcplgbg ga phblgntg. Xulgrk bknkbgr su
«bugstlòn fg uregnblh½ (bkck ah aahchjh Cgahnlg Magln). Rln gcjhrek, sl
haeunh vgz ak dhek, gs slgcprg phrh rgigrlrcg h ah sgslòn prgvlh. Pkr gsk, sl
dh dhjlfk unh sgslòn phrtlbuahrcgntg lcpkrthntg k gcktlvh k trunbhfh pkfrãh
gcpgzhr flblgnfk? «Dhjahcks bkshs cuy lcpkrthntgs ah sgchnh phshfh. Cg
prgeuntk quì tlpk fg sgntlclgntks sg aagvò fg vugath bknslek h su bhsh½.
Cl prkpòsltk, pkr supugstk, gs unlr ah sgslòn hbtuha bkn ah ÿatlch. Ah
prèbtlbh fg gsbrljlr rgsÿcgngs phrh ga erupk fg tgrhplh y chnfhraks pkr
bkrrgk h aks clgcjrks hntgs fg ah sleulgntg rgunlòn slrvg oustk phrh ga clsck
iln. H vgbgs, aks erupks bkclgnzhn bkn flsbuslkngs skjrg ga rgsucgn
krlelnhfhs pkr haeunks fg aks clgcjrks. Rgøhahn qug vlgrkn ahs bkshs fg unh
chngrh flstlnth k qug hdkrh tlgngn unh bkcprgnslòn fligrgntg fg ah fga
tgrhpguth. \ yk hbgptk eustksk aks fgshbugrfks pkrqug ikrthagbgn hÿn cès ah
bkntlnulfhf fg ahs sgslkngs.
 

BHPÃVWAK 72
VKCG NKVHR FG BHFH RGRLÒN
 

Rl aks tgrhpguths dhn fg sgr aks dlstkrlhfkrgs fga prkbgsk tgrhpìutlbk y bulfhr
fg ah bkntlnulfhf fg ahs sgslkngs, gntknbgs gs aòelbk qug aagvgn unh brònlbh
fg aks hbkntgblclgntks. Ga hbtuha slstgch fg shauf y ga tgckr h aks altlelks, ahs
fks pahehs qug hcgnhzhn ah gstrubturh fg ah pslbktgrhplh, ha cgnks nks dhn
fhfk un fkn pksltlvk? dhn lcpuashfk h aks tgrhpguths h tkchr nkths fg unh
chngrh rgeuahr.
Gn aks rgcktks tlgcpks fg ahs sgbrgthrlhs tgnãh ah rutlnh fg flbthr y augek
dhbãh trhnsbrljlr rgsÿcgngs fgthaahfks fg bhfh sgslòn (erhn phrtg fga chtgrlha
fg gstg y ktrks aljrks gstè gxtrhãfk fg gshs nkths). Dky, lncgflhthcgntg
fgspuìs fg bhfh sgslòn, cg tkck unks clnutks phrh cgtgr gn ga krfgnhfkr
aks tgchs prlnblphags flsbutlfks gn bhfh sgslòn, hsã bkck cls sgntlclgntks y
aks hsuntks qug dhn qugfhfk sln tgrclnhr. Rlgcprg hrrgeak cls dkrhrlks fg tha
ckfk qug, sln ihath, tgneh aks clnutks ngbgshrlks phrh aggr ahs nkths hntgs fg
ah sgslòn sleulgntg. Rl brgk qug nk dhy nhfh lcpkrthntg qug gsbrljlr, gsk gn sã
clsck gs un fhtk lcpkrthntg y gs prkjhjag qug slenlilqug qug ah tgrhplh gstè
gsthnbhfh y qug ga phblgntg y yk nk gsthcks hjrlgnfk nlneÿn tgrrltkrlk nugvk.
Cubdks tgrhpguths qug vgn phblgntgs vhrlhs vgbgs tlgngn cgnks ngbgslfhf fg
tkchr nkths pkrqug ahs sgslkngs qugfhn rgelstrhfhs gn ah cgntg fg unh
 chngrh cès vãvlfh.

BHPÃVWAK 76
HALGNVG HA PHBLGNVG H
PZHBVLBHZ WNH
HWVKRWPGZYLRLÒN
 

Ah hvgnturh tgrhpìutlbh gs un gogrblblk fg hutkgxpakrhblòn, y slgcprg gxdkrtk

h cls phblgntgs h qug hprkvgbdgn buhaqulgr kpkrtunlfhf qug sg ags prgsgntg
phrh prkiunflzhr gn nugstrh lnvgstlehblòn. Rl un phblgntg qug slgcprg sg dh
sgntlfk lnbòckfk gn ahs rgunlkngs skblhags cg lnikrch qug dh rgbljlfk unh
lnvlthblòn phrh unh erhn ilgsth, pkr ak egngrha ag rgspknfk? «¡Egnlha! ¡Xuì
erhn kpkrtunlfhf phrh hprgnfgr skjrg ustgf clsck! Ròak qug gsth vgz

gstÿflgsg, y fgspuìs
flsbutlrahs gn nksgslòn½.
ah pròxlch fgog fg tkchr haeunhs nkths phrh qug pkfhcks
Ahs vlslths h ah bhsh fg aks phfrgs skn unh iugntg phrtlbuahrcgntg rlbh fg
lnikrchblòn. Pkr suegrgnblh cãh cubdks fg cls phblgntgs bkclgnzhn h tgngr
bdhrahs cès ahrehs y cès prkiunfhs qug nunbh bkn sus dgrchnks. \ buhaqulgr
rgunlòn fg gxhaucnks gs pkr ak egngrha unh clnh fg krk fg lnikrchblòn,
bkck ak gs thcjlìn buhaqulgr kpkrtunlfhf fg vlslthr vlgohs rgahblkngs. Rugak
gxdkrthr h cls phblgntgs h qug jusqugn rgbljlr unh rgtrkhalcgnthblòn fg aks
ktrks bkn rgspgbtk h bòck gaaks aks pgrbljgn k pgrbljãhn. Bknkzbk h un
 dkcjrg chykrbkck
ak rgbkrfhjh qug gnbkntrò
un «bdlbkh euhpk
unh bkcphøgrh fg ngerk
bkn ga pgak qulntkbkck
erhfkgaqug ag flok
bhrjòn qug
y unh

sknrlsh pãbhrh½. Ìa aakrò ha kãrah fgblr gsk. Rlgcprg sg dhjãh bknslfgrhfk igk y
tkrpg. Rl haeulgn, buhaqulgrh, ag dujlgsg flbdk pkr hquga gntknbgs qug grh
euhpk, thn sòak gsk, brgãh ìa, ag dhjrãh bhcjlhfk ah vlfh.
 

BHPÃVWAK 77
BWHNFK RW PHBLGNVG AAKZH
 

»Xuì dhbg ustgf buhnfk un hclek aakrh gn su prgsgnblh; Pkr ak egngrha

lntgnth bknskahrak. «Rã, sã½, flrè tha vgz, trhthnfk fg bhachrak k qulzè ak
hjrhbg k shaeh bkrrlgnfk h jusbhr un phøugak k lntgntg haeÿn ktrk cgflk fg
hyufhr h su hclek h rgbupgrhr ga bkntrka y fgohr fg aakrhr. Rln gcjhrek, ah
sltuhblòn tgrhpìutlbh gxleg lr cès haaè fga bknsugak.
Bkck aakrhr pkr ak egngrha slenlilbh gntrhr gn rgbèchrhs cès prkiunfhs
fg gckblòn, ah thrgh fga tgrhpguth nk gs sgr bkrtìs y hyufhr ha phblgntg h fgohr
fg aakrhr. Vkfk ak bkntrhrlk? tha vgz dhsth fgsgg hagnthrak h dunflrsg hÿn cès.
K tha vgz slcpagcgntg ak gxdkrtg h qug bkcphrth sus pgnshclgntks? «Nk
lntgntg fgohr gsg auehr. Xuìfgsg hdã. Pkr ihvkr, sleh dhjaènfkcg, trhtg fg
trhfublr gn phahjrhs ak qug slgntg½. K qulzè ikrcuag unh prgeunth qug utlalzk
cuy h cgnufk? «Rl sus aèerlchs dhjahrhn, »quì gsthrãhn flblgnfk;½.
Rg pugfg pgnshr gn ah pslbktgrhplh bkck gn unh sgbugnblh qug hatgrnh
gntrg ah gxprgslòn fg higbtks y ga hnèalsls fg ìstks. Gn ktrhs phahjrhs, unk
halgnth aks hbtks fg gxprgslòn gckblknha, pgrk augek slgcprg sleug bkn ah
rgiagxlòn fg ahs gckblkngs gxprgshfhs. Gsth sgbugnblh gs cubdk cès
gvlfgntg gn tgrhplh fg erupk, pkrqug gn gsths sgslkngs sg gvkbhn gckblkngs
cuy iugrtgs, pgrk thcjlìn rgsuath gvlfgntg gn ga bkntgxtk lnflvlfuha, gn
 phrtlbuahr gn ga hbtk fg aakrhr. Pkr gsk, buhnfk gstk kburrg, prlcgrk sucgrok ha
phblgntg gn ga bkntgnlfk y ga slenlilbhfk fga aahntk y augek cg tkck ah

prgbhublòn fg hnhalzhr ga hbtk clsck fg aakrhr, skjrg tkfk gn su rgahblòn bkn

ga «hquã y hdkrh½. Pkr gsk lnfhek nk sòak gn aks sgntlclgntks rgahblknhfks
bkn ga aahntk gn egngrha, slnk, gn gspgblha, gn ak qug slgntg ga phblgntg ha aakrhr
gn cl prgsgnblh.
 

BHPÃVWAK 79
FGRG VLGCPK GNVZG RGRLKNGR
 

Rupknek qug gstg lcpkpuahr bknsgok sgrè phshfk pkr hatk cuy rèplfhcgntg
pkr cubdks tgrhpguths buyh prèbtlbh sg vg hskahfh pkr ahs vgakbgs jkrrhsbhs
fg ah ngbgslfhf gbknòclbh, pgrk, fg tkfks ckfks, hquã vh.
Nk sg gsthig h sã clsck nl h su phblgntg nk fgoènfksg gsphblk suilblgntg
gntrg unh sgslòn y ktrh. Rlgcprg aagvk hnkthblkngs fgthaahfhs fg bhfh sgslòn y
nunbh bkclgnzk unh sgslòn sln rgcltlrcg h gaahs. Cls nkths h cgnufk lnflbhn
ahs bugstlkngs lnbknbaushs, aks tgchs y puntks qug fgjgrãhn prksgeulrsg k
sgntlclgntks gntrg cls phblgntgs y yk qug nk iugrkn gahjkrhfks pkr bkcpagtk.
Rl unk sg tkch bhfh sgslòn gn sgrlk, gntknbgs ga phblgntg thcjlìn ak dhrè.
Haeunks tgrhpguths prkerhchn aks dkrhrlks bkn thn pkbk chregn qug nk
tlgngn slqulgrh unh bkrth phush gntrg un phblgntg y ktrk. Lnbausk flgz clnutks
skn, h cl phrgbgr, lnsuilblgntgs sl erhn phrtg fg gsg tlgcpk unk fgjg phshrak
bkntgsthnfk aahchfhs. Nunbh cg tkck cgnks fg flgz clnutks bkcpagtks, y
prgilgrk tgngr qulnbg clnutks gntrg bhfh phblgntg phrh tkchr y aggr nkths y
pgnshr. Aks lntgrvhaks fg qulnbg clnutks pahntghn bkcpalbhblkngs? dhy qug
blthr h aks phblgntgs gn dkrhrlks gxtrhøks ‖pkr gogcpak, h tha dkrh y flgz k h
cgnks flgz‖, pgrk tkfks cls phblgntgs ak dhn tkchfk slgcprg bkn
nhturhalfhf. Fg gstg ckfk thcjlìn sg hahreh ga fãh y sg flsclnuyg ga lnergsk.
 Pgrk vhag ah pgnh. Rg bugnth qug Hjrhdhc Alnbkan flok qug sl tuvlgsg kbdk
dkrhs phrh bkrthr un èrjka, phshrãh vhrlhs dkrhs hilahnfk ga dhbdh. Nk sg

bknvlgrth gn hquga agøhfkr qug gsthjh fgchslhfk hpurhfk bkck phrh hilahr ga
dhbdh.
 

BHPÃVWAK 75
GTPZGRG RWR FLAGCHR
HJLGZVHCGNVG
 

Pkr ak egngrha, buhnfk gstky gcphnthnhfk y tgnek flilbuathfgs phrh

rgspknfgr h un phblgntg gs pkrqug gstky htrhphfk gntrg fks k cès
bknslfgrhblkngs hntheònlbhs. Brgk qug ustgf ohcès pkfrè gqulvkbhrsg sl
gxprgsh sus flagchs hjlgrthcgntg. Hdã vhn haeunks gogcpaks?
 ‖Vgf, pgrcãthcg qug ak lntgrrucph. Cg slgntk un pkbk htrhphfk dky
gntrg fks sgntlclgntks kpugstks? pkr un ahfk, sì qug ah dlstkrlh fga bknialbtk
bkn su ogig gs lcpkrthntg y sì thcjlìn qug h cgnufk sg kignfg sl ak
lntgrrucpk= pgrk, pkr ga ktrk, tgnek ah bahrh sgnshblòn fg qug dky gstè
gsqulvhnfk haek lcpkrthntg.
 ‖Chry, ustgf flbg qug nk brgg qug yk gstì slgnfk tkthacgntg dkngstk,
qug sky fgchslhfk flpakcètlbk y fgalbhfk bkn ustgf. Brgk qug tlgng rhzòn.
Gs vgrfhf, dhy bkshs qug nk ag flek. Bkn irgbugnblh cg slgntk htrhphfk gn un
flagch? pkr un ahfk, qulgrk sgr cès nhturha bkn ustgf y, sln gcjhrek, pkr ga
ktrk, bkck slgntk qug unk pugfg ahstlchrah bkn cubdh ihblalfhf y qug ktkreh
h cls bkcgnthrlks un pkfgr gxhegrhfk, slgntk qug fgjk skpgshr cls phahjrhs
bkn cubdk, cubdãslck bulfhfk.
 ‖Pgtg, cg gnbugntrk gn un flagch. Rì qug Gaalg gs ga tgch fga qug
q ug ustgf
us tgf
 qulgrg dhjahr bknclek= slgntk ah erhn prgslòn qug ustgf gogrbg phrh qug yk
dheh gsk y nk qulgrk irustrhrak. Pgrk pkr ga ktrk ahfk flbg qug shjg qug su

rgahblòn bkn gaah nk tlgng sgntlfk, qug phrh ustgf tkfk gstè cha, qug ohcès vh
h iunblknhr. Vgnek ah lcprgslòn fg qug fgjgcks jusbhr cès hjhok k cès haaè
fg Gaalg y trhthr fg fgsbujrlr bkn cès fgthaag ak qug halcgnth su pkfgrksk
gnhckrhclgntk. Ahs fgsbrlpblkngs fg aks fgthaags fg su lntgrhbblòn bkn gaah
dhn kbuphfk thntk tlgcpk gn nugstrhs ÿatlchs rgunlkngs qug tgngcks pkbk
tlgcpk phrh unh gxpakrhblòn cès prkiunfh fg ahs bkshs. Ruelgrk qug
alcltgcks ga tlgcpk gn qug dhjahcks skjrg Gaalg qulzè h flgz clnutks pkr
bhfh sgslòn.
 ‖Clmg, nk qulgrk gauflr su prgeunth. Rì qug ustgf slgntg qug gvltk sus
prgeunths pgrsknhags. Nk qulgrk dhbgr gsk y ag prkcgtk vkavgr h gaahs. Pgrk
fg vgrfhf slgntk qug sgrãh cès prkvgbdksk phrh nugstrk trhjhok sl prlcgrk
gxhclnèrhcks ahs rhzkngs qug dhy fgtrès fg sus prgeunths.
Wn ÿatlck gogcpak. Rushn grh unh phblgntg qug vlnk h vgrcg buhnfk
gstuvk h puntk fg fgohr h su chrlfk. Fgspuìs fg vhrlks cgsgs fg unh tgrhplh
prkfubtlvh sg slntlò cgokr y su rgahblòn bkn ga chrlfk dhjãh cgokrhfk. Gn
unh sgslòn gaah fgsbrljlò unh bknvgrshblòn qug dhbãh pkbk dhjãh tgnlfk bkn ìa
clgntrhs dhbãhn ga hckr, gn ah qug gaah phrkflhjh unh irhsg cãh
(tgrelvgrsènfkah, hfgcès), ak qug nks dlzk rgãr h aks fks h bhrbhohfhs.
Jurahrsg aks fks ountks fg cã ags slrvlò phrh hbgrbhrsg.
»Bòck rgspknfgr; Vgnãh unh vhrlgfhf fg pksljlalfhfgs. Prlcgrk, gstg
dgbdk rgiagohjh ak bgrbh qug sg sgntãh fg su chrlfk, ak cès bgrbh qug dhjãhn
gsthfk gn cubdk tlgcpk, qulzè høks. Dhjãhcks gsthfk trhjhohnfk cubdk bkn
gsg iln y pkfrãh dhjgr gxprgshfk gn phrtg cl pahbgr pkr su prkergsk. K pkfrãh
dhjgr sgøhahfk ah tgrelvgrshblòn qug dlzk fg cl bkcgnthrlk ha bkntèrsgak h ìa.
K pkfrãh dhjgr bkcgnthfk su ckfk fg chngohr trlèneuaks gn egngrha ‖gaah
tgnãh un phtròn cuy chrbhfk fg unh erhn ihblalfhf phrh ahs rgahblkngs fg h
trgs, lnbauygnfk ga trlèneuak gfãplbk‖? gaah, su chrlfk y su dlok= gaah y fks
hclehs= y hdkrh gaah, su chrlfk y yk. Pgrk cl sgnshblòn cès pkfgrksh grh qug
dhjãh hbtuhfk fg chah ig bknclek y gsk nk cg eustò. Rhjãh qug sgntãh cubdh
erhtltuf y tgnãh cubdks sgntlclgntks pksltlvks dhblh cã, pgrk, nk kjsthntg,
dhjãh gagelfk trlvlhalzhr nugstrh rgahblòn bkn ga iln fg hbrgbgnthr ah rgahblòn
 bkn su chrlfk.
Pgrk »gsthjh oustlilbhfh gsth sgnshblòn; »Nk gsthjh lntrkfublgnfk cl

rgsgntlclgntk pgrsknha jhok ah ikrch fg ak qug prkigslknhacgntg grh cès

bknvgnlgntg phrh ah phblgntg;
Ha ilnha fgblfã rgvgahr tkfhs gsths sgnshblkngs y cl flagch skjrg sl
dhbgrak k nk. Cl hpgrturh nks aagvò h unh flsbuslòn irubtãigrh fg vhrlks tgchs
lcpkrthntgs. Gaah bhptò gnsgeulfh qug nugstrk trlèneuak grh un clbrkbkscks
y qug ktrhs hclehs fg gaah fgjãhn fg dhjgr gxpgrlcgnthfk sgntlclgntks
slclahrgs h aks cãks. Rã, grh vgrfhf qug su chrlfk sg sgntãh hcgnhzhfk pkr cã
y qug gaah qugrãh suhvlzhr ah bkcpgtgnblh juraènfksg fg cã. Pgrk qulzè
thcjlìn grh vgrfhf qug gaah, fg un ckfk lnbknsblgntg, dhjãh hvlvhfk aks
sgntlclgntks bkcpgtltlvks fg su chrlfk. »\ nk dhjãh phrh gaah nlneunh ktrh
chngrh cès egnulnh fg fhrag bknilhnzh y h ah vgz chntgngr ah lntgerlfhf fg
su rgahblòn bknclek; Ga dhjgr fhfk vkz h cls sgntlclgntks hjrlò ah
lnfhehblòn fg su phtròn cuy hsgnthfk, prkfubtk fg unh chah hfhpthblòn ha
dhbgr qug ahs pgrsknhs bkcplthn gxbauyìnfksg gntrg sã.
 

BHPÃVWAK 74
YLRLVG H RWR PHBLGNVGR
 

Dlbg unhs pkbhs vlslths h cls phblgntgs. Fgchslhfk pkbhs pkrqug, sln
gxbgpblòn, tkfhs rgsuathrkn prkvgbdkshs. Bhfh vlslth cg lnikrcò skjrg
hspgbtks fg cls phblgntgs fg aks qug fg ktrh chngrh ohcès cg dhjrãh
gntgrhfk? sus dkjjlgs, ah lntruslòn fg sus trhjhoks, su sgnsljlalfhf gstìtlbh
(gvlfgnblhfh pkr aks cugjags, ah fgbkrhblòn, ahs kjrhs fg hrtg), sus dèjltks
rgbrghtlvks, ah prgsgnblh fg aljrks y rgvlsths gn ah bhsh. Wn phblgntg qug sg
qugohjh fg ah ihath fg hcleks tgnãh unh bhsh phrtlbuahrcgntg fgsbulfhfh qug
fgckstrhjh pkbh sgnsljlalfhf pkr ak qug puflgrhn sgntlr ahs vlslths. Wnh
cuogr okvgn, htrhbtlvh y jlgn hrrgeahfh qug jusbhjh hyufh pkr su lnbhphblfhf
phrh gsthjagbgr jugnhs rgahblkngs bkn aks dkcjrgs ckstrhjh thn pkbk bulfhfk
pkr ga gntkrnk fg su dkehr ‖haikcjrhs cuy sublhs, unh fkbgnh fg bhohs fg
bhrtòn aagnhs fg bhrths vlgohs, cugjags dgbdks trlzhs‖ qug nk cg hskcjrhjh
qug sus vlslthntgs chsbualnks slntlgsgn rgbdhzk.
Gn unh vlslth h ktrh phblgntg cg gntgrì pkr prlcgrh vgz fg qug tgnãh cès
fg unh fkbgnh fg ehtks y qug su bhsh hpgsthjh fg tha chngrh pkr ah krlnh qug
nunbh pkfãh rgbljlr h nhflg haaã. Gn ah vlslth h ah bhsh fg un dkcjrg jrusbk g
lnsgnsljag cg gnbkntrì, phrh cl skrprgsh, bkn phrgfgs bujlgrths fg gxqulslths
rgprkfubblkngs fg phlshogs y fg bhalerhiãhs bdlnks.
 Ahs bdhrahs prgvlhs h gshs vlslths pugfgn rgsuathr phrtlbuahrcgntg
prkfubtlvhs. Aks phblgntgs pugfgn fgshrrkaahr hnslgfhf hntg tha gxpkslblòn=

pugfgn vhblahr gntrg sl fgjgrãhn dhbgr unh alcplgzh h iknfk k fgohr qug unk
vgh su bhsh tha bkck gs. Wnh phblgntg sg pusk cuy hnslksh y sg rgslstlò h qug
ah vlslthrh furhntg un blgrtk tlgcpk. Ga fãh qug iul h su hphrthcgntk phrgbãh
jhsthntg hvgreknzhfh buhnfk cg ckstrò unh phrgf bujlgrth bkn rgbugrfks fg
sus hntleuks hchntgs, cuøgbhs fg phrqugs fg htrhbblkngs, gntrhfhs fg òpgrh,
iktks fg Hbhpuabk y Vhdltã. »Pkr quì su vgreñgnzh; Vgnãh un iugrtg fgsgk fg
ehnhrsg cl rgspgtk pkr su bhphblfhf lntgagbtuha y gsthjh hvgreknzhfh fg qug
ah vlgrh thn hprlslknhfh pkr ga phshfk. Rhjãh qug grh hjsurfk gsthr skøhnfk
tkfh ah vlfh bkn sus hckrgs phshfks y sgntãh qug cg ljh h fgslauslknhr
buhnfk vlgrh buèntk sg skjrgbhrehjh lnÿtlacgntg bkn gshs trlvlhalfhfgs.
Ktrk phblgntg qug htrhvgshjh un fugak cuy fkakrksk dhjahjh thntk fg ah
prgsgnblh fg aks gigbtks pgrsknhags y ahs iktkerhiãhs fg su cuogr qug suegrã
vlslthr su bhsh, y fgsbujrã qug gsthjh aagnãslch fg rgbugrfks fg su gspksh,
lnbauygnfk, gn ga bgntrk fga buhrtk fg gsthr, ga vlgok skiè skjrg ga qug dhjãh
cugrtk. Ahs phrgfgs gsthjhn bujlgrths bkn sus iktkerhiãhs, k fg gaah k
tkchfhs pkr gaah, y ahs gsthntgrãhs, aagnhs fg sus aljrks. Pgrk ak cès
lcpkrthntg fg tkfk? ¡dhjãh thn pkbk fg ìa ‖fg sus eustks, sus lntgrgsgs, su
prkplh bkckflfhf‖ gn ah bhsh! Ah vlslth rgsuatò slenlilbhtlvh phrh ga phblgntg
gn buhntk ha prkbgsk (ìa cg lcpkrthjh ak jhsthntg bkck phrh qug yk
skjrgphshrh blgrtks aãcltgs y ag dlblgrh unh vlslth), g lntrkfuok unh gthph fg
prkiunfk bhcjlk, yh qug fgbahrò su fgsgk fg qug ak hyufhrh h rgckfgahr su
bhsh. Ountks gahjkrhcks un prkerhch y un ckfk fg gnbhrhr unh sgrlg fg
ckflilbhblkngs qug ihblalthrkn y rgiagohrkn un prkergsk gn ga trhjhok bkn ga
fugak.
Haeunks ktrks ckstrhjhn pkbk bulfhfk pkr gaaks clscks, bkck sl nk
cgrgblgsgn tgngr nl jgaagzh nl bkckflfhf gn sus vlfhs. Wn phblgntg, phrh cl
erhn skrprgsh, rgsuatò sgr un «hbucuahfkr½ qug tgnãh blgntks fg rgvlsths y
euãhs tgagiònlbhs vlgohs gn plahs pkr tkfh ah bhsh, un dgbdk fga qug fg ktrk
ckfk ohcès cg dhjrãh gntgrhfk. Wnh phblgntg fg unk fg cls haucnks qug
thcjlìn gs unh «hbucuahfkrh½ ha ilnha hbgptò, fgspuìs fg fks høks fg
tgrhplh, qug su tgrhpguth vlslthrh su bhsh bkn gsths phahjrhs? «Vlgng qug
 prkcgtgrcg qug nk vh h aakrhr½. Ru bkcgnthrlk suelgrg qug ga pgrclsk phrh ah
vlslth grh unh lnflbhblòn fg qug dhjãh bkcgnzhfk egnulnhcgntg ga prkbgsk

fg bhcjlk.
Ahs vlslths skn hbkntgblclgntks slenlilbhtlvks y nk prgtgnfk lnsthr h qug
aks tgrhpguths prlnblplhntgs fgn gsg phsk h ah alegrh. Prlcgrk fgjgn
gsthjagbgrsg y rgspgthrsg aks aãcltgs, pgrk buhnfk ah sltuhblòn ak rgqulgrg,
fgjgcks gsthr flspugstks h sgr iagxljags, brghtlvks g lnflvlfuhalzhr gn ah
tgrhplh qug kirgbgcks. Rln gcjhrek, pkr ktrk ahfk, unk sg prgeunth pkr quì ah
trhflblòn fg ahs vlslths h aks dkehrgs, gn unh ìpkbh thn bkcÿn fgntrk fga
slstgch shnlthrlk, hdkrh phrgbg thn kshfh y pgalerksh. Cg hagerh vgr qug sg
gstèn prkfublgnfk bhcjlks, gcpgzhnfk pkr aks tgrhpguths fg ihclalh, qug
bhfh vgz bkn cès irgbugnblh tlgngn ah bkstucjrg fg prkerhchr sgslkngs gn
aks dkehrgs fg aks phblgntgs.
 

BHPÃVWAK 7<
NK RG VKCG FGCHRLHFK GN
RGZLK AHR GTPALBHBLKNGR
 

Gn un gxpgrlcgntk qug fgsbrljã bkn hntgrlkrlfhf gn ga qug unh phblgntg y yk

rgelstrhcks nugstrhs kplnlkngs fg bhfh sgslòn, hprgnfã qug rgbkrfèjhcks y
vhakrèjhcks hspgbtks cuy fligrgntgs fga prkbgsk. Clgntrhs yk vhakrhjh cls
lntgrprgthblkngs lntgagbtuhags, ìsths hpgnhs prkfubãhn un lcphbtk cuy agvg
skjrg ah phblgntg, qug vhakrhjh gn bhcjlk aks pgqugøks hbtks pgrsknhags phrh
nugstrh rgahblòn.
Ah chykr phrtg fg aks rgahtks fg pslbktgrhplhs fg prlcgrh chnk hpunthn h
ah clsch flsbrgphnblh? aks tgrhpguths ktkrehn cès vhakr h ahs lntgrprgthblkngs
y aks lnsledts qug aks phblgntgs. Nksktrks, aks tgrhpguths, skjrgvhakrhcks ga
bkntgnlfk fg ah jÿsqugfh fg tgskrks lntgagbtuhags= dh slfk hsã fgsfg aks
lnlblks, buhnfk Irguf nks ageò un cha bkclgnzk bkn fks fg sus htrhygntgs
pgrk pkbk igalbgs cgtèikrhs.
Ah prlcgrh iug ah lchegn fga tgrhpguth-hrqugòakek qug qulthjh bkn erhn
gsiugrzk ga pkavk qug rgbujrãh aks rgbugrfks gntgrrhfks phrh rgvgahr ah
vgrfhf, ak qug gn rghalfhf dhjãh kburrlfk gn aks prlcgrks høks fga phblgntg?
ga trhuch krlelnha, ah gsbgnh prlchrlh, aks hbkntgblclgntks prlckrflhags. Ah
sgeunfh cgtèikrh iug ah fga rkcpgbhjgzhs. «Gnbugntrg ah ÿatlch plgzh qug
 ihath ‖suegrãh Irguf‖, y tkfk ga rkcpgbhjgzhs qugfhrè rgsugatk.½ Cubdks
fg sus bhsks baãnlbks sg aggn bkck bugntks fg clstgrlk, y aks agbtkrgs sleugn

hnslksks ah trhch clgntrhs trhthn fg hflvlnhr ga shjrksk fgsgnahbg gn ga qug

tkfks aks gnlechs gnbugntrhn su skaublòn.
Bkck gs nhturha trhnscltlcks nugstrk gntuslhsck pkr ah jÿsqugfh
lntgagbtuha h nugstrks phblgntgs y aks kjsgrvhcks k aks lchelnhcks
rghbblknhnfk bkn un ¡hoè! h nugstrhs lntgrprgthblkngs. Nlgtzsbdg flok?
«Lnbausk lnvgnthcks gxprgslkngs skjrg ga rkstrk fga ktrk bkn qulgn
bknvgrshcks phrh qug bklnblfhn bkn ga jrlaahntg pgnshclgntk qug brggcks
dhjgr prknunblhfk½. Irguf nk trhthjh fg kbuathr su gntuslhsck pkr ahs
skaublkngs lntgagbtuhags. Cès fg unk fg sus hntleuks phblgntgs dh fgsbrltk su
dèjltk fg kirgbgr su bhoh fg blehrrks Ylbtkrlh phrh bgagjrhr unh lntgrprgthblòn
gspgblhacgntg heufh. \ yh dhbg tlgcpk qug aks cgflks chslvks prgsgnthn ha
pÿjalbk gsth vlslòn grrhfh fg ah tgrhplh. Fg chngrh bhrhbtgrãstlbh, Dkaaywkkf
rgprgsgnth h aks pslbktgrhpguths skrtghnfk bkn flilbuathf cubdks kjstèbuaks,
sleulgnfk cubdhs plsths ihashs, skjrgpknlìnfksg h ah auourlh y aks pgalerks
phrh aagehr, ha ilnha, ha erhn lnsledt rgfgntkr y gsbahrgbgfkr.
Nk qulgrk fgblr qug ah gcprgsh lntgagbtuha nk sgh lcpkrthntg. Fg dgbdk ak
gs, pgrk nk pkr ahs rhzkngs qug pkr ak egngrha pgnshcks. Hndgahcks ah
bkckflfhf fg ah vgrfhf hjskauth pkrqug nk skpkrthcks ah fgskahblòn fg unh
gxlstgnblh purhcgntg bhprlbdksh. Bkck flok Nlgtzsbdg? «Ah vgrfhf gs unh
lauslòn sln ah buha unh blgrth gspgblg nk pugfg skjrgvlvlr½. Bknsherhfks
bkck gsthcks h unh ngbgslfhf lnnhth fg jusbhr unh skaublòn y aagnhr unh
Egsthat, nks higrrhcks bkn tkfh tgnhblfhf h ah brggnblh fg qug ah gxpalbhblòn,
haeunh gxpalbhblòn, gs pksljag. Gstk vugavg ahs bkshs skpkrthjags, nks prkfubg
unh sgnshblòn fg bkntrka y fkclnlk.
Pgrk nk gs ga bkntgnlfk fga prgblksk dhaahzek lntgagbtuha ak qug lcpkrth,
slnk ah jÿsqugfh, qug gs ah thrgh qug cès pgrigbthcgntg sg hbkpah bkn ah
tgrhplh, kirgblgnfk haek flstlntk h bhfh phrtlblphntg? aks phblgntgs ekzhn fg ah
htgnblòn prgsthfh h aks fgthaags cès lnslenlilbhntgs fg sus vlfhs, y aks
tgrhpguths gstèn ihsblnhfks pkr ga prkbgsk fg trhthr fg skaublknhr ga gnlech
fg unh vlfh. Ah jgaagzh fg ah bugstlòn gs qug gstk chntlgng ha phblgntg y ha
tgrhpguth gstrgbdhcgntg bkngbthfks clgntrhs qug ga hegntg rgha fg bhcjlk
  ‖ ah
ah rgahblòn tgrhpìutlbh ‖ vh egrclnhnfk.
Gn ah prèbtlbh, gxlstg unh erhn bkcpagolfhf gn ga ahzk qug ung ga prkygbtk

lntgagbtuha y ah rgahblòn gntrg phblgntg y tgrhpguth. Buhntk cès shjg ga

tgrhpguth skjrg ah vlfh prgsgntg y phshfh fga phblgntg, cès gntrh gn gaah y sg
vugavg un tgstlek bgrbhnk y bkcphslvk. Hfgcès, cubdhs lntgrprgthblkngs
gstèn flrlelfhs fg un ckfk gxpaãbltk h cgokrhr ah rgahblòn gntrg phblgntg y
tgrhpguth? bknsthntgcgntg aks tgrhpguths sg bgntrhn gn lfgntlilbhr y bahrlilbhr
aks kjstèbuaks qug jakqughn ga gnbugntrk gntrg gaaks clscks y aks phblgntgs.
Gn ga nlvga cès iunfhcgntha, ah rgahblòn gntrg lnsledt y bhcjlk sleug
slgnfk un clstgrlk. Hunqug fhcks pkr dgbdk qug ga lnsledt bknfubg ha
bhcjlk, gsh sgbugnblh nk gstè fg nlneÿn ckfk gsthjagblfh fg ikrch gcpãrlbh.
Fg dgbdk, dhy hnhalsths gxpgrlcgnthfks y rgiagxlvks qug dhn pahntghfk ah
pksljlalfhf fg unh sgbugnblh lnvgrsh, gs fgblr, qug ga lnsledt sleug ha bhcjlk
gn vgz fg prgbgfgrak.
\ pkr ÿatlck rgbugrfg ah cèxlch fg Nlgtzsbdg? «Nk gxlstg ah vgrfhf,
gxlstg sòak ah lntgrprgthblòn½. Fg hdã qug lnbausk gn ga bhsk fg qug
kirgzbhcks un lnsledt gxtrhkrflnhrlk bkn un gnvkatkrlk gagehntg, fgjgcks
bkcprgnfgr qug gs unh bknstrubblòn cgntha, unh gxpalbhblòn cès, nk ah
gxpalbhblòn.
Bknslfgrgcks ga bhsk fg unh vlufh fgsgspgrhfh qug nk skpkrthjh gsthr
skah y sln phrgoh y nk kjsthntg shjktghjh tkfh nugvh rgahblòn pktgnblha bkn un
dkcjrg. »Pkr quì; Fgspuìs fg vhrlks cgsgs fg lnvgstlehblòn aagehcks h
vhrlhs gxpalbhblkngs?
 
Vgcãh gsthr jhok ga gigbtk fg unh chaflblòn. Vkfks aks dkcjrgs qug
dhjãh hchfk dhjãhn tgnlfk un ilnha trèelbk. Gvlthjh ah lntlclfhf bkn ga
iln fg prktgegr ha dkcjrg fg su cha mhrch.
Vgcãh qug un dkcjrg sg hbgrbhrh h gaah fgchslhfk, pkrqug gntknbgs
vgrãh fgntrk fg su hach y fgsbujrlrãh su nhturhagzh chavhfh, kjsbgnh y
su rhjlh hsgslnh.
Rl sg pgrcltãh hchr h ktrk, sgrãh un rgbknkblclgntk ilnha fg qug su
gspksk gsthjh rghacgntg cugrtk.
Hchr h ktrk dkcjrg bknstltulrãh unh trhlblòn= slenlilbhrãh qug su hckr
 pkr su gspksk nk grh thn prkiunfk bkck gaah dhjãh pgnshfk.
Dhjãh phfgblfk fgchslhfhs pìrflfhs y nk pkfrãh skjrgvlvlr h ktrh. Aks

dkcjrgs grhn fgchslhfk irèelags= bhfh vgz qug bknkbãh h un nugvk

dkcjrg vgãh un brèngk qug jrlaahjh jhok ah plga y sg sgntãh hsgflhfh pkr
ga pgnshclgntk fg qug prkntk sg bknvgrtlrãh gn unh jkash fg dugsks
sgbks.
Kflhjh gnirgnthrsg h su prkplh lnfgignslòn. Dhjãh dhjlfk vgbgs gn qug
su gspksk sg gnkohjh bkn gaah y gaah sg sgntãh fgvhsthfh pkr su gnihfk.
Gsthjh fgblflfh h nk fgohr qug gsk vkavlgrh h kburrlr, ohcès ag fhrãh h
haeulgn thntk pkfgr skjrg gaah. Gagelr h un dkcjrg slenlilbhjh rgnunblhr
h ah pksljlalfhf fg ktrks dkcjrgs, y nk gsthjh flspugsth h rgnunblhr h
gsk.
 
»Buèa fg tkfhs gsths gxpalbhblkngs grh vgrfhf, buèa grh ah bkrrgbth; »Wnh;
»Yhrlhs; »Vkfhs; Bhfh unh rgprgsgnth unh bknbgpblòn fligrgntg? dhy thnths
gxpalbhblkngs bkck slstgchs gxpalbhtlvks. Gn hquga ckcgntk nlneunh
phrgbãh sgr ah rgspugsth brublha qug prkvkbhrh un bhcjlk. Ah jÿsqugfh fg ah
gxpalbhblòn nks chntuvk bkcprkcgtlfks, y ha ilnha iug gsg bkcprkclsk gntrg
nksktrks ak qug prkfuok ga bhcjlk. Gaah sg hnlcò y sg fgblflò h rgahblknhrsg
cès prkiunfhcgntg bknclek y yk nk cg rgtrhog. Ru iurlh nk cg fgstruyò.
Pgrchngbã bgrbh fg gaah, skstuvg su chnk buhnfk gstuvk cès fgsgspgrhfh,
sgeuã bkn vlfh y nk iul vãbtlch fg su chafltk mhrch.
 

BHPÃVWAK 90
CÌVKFKR PHZH HBGAGZHZ AH
VGZHPLH
 

Dhbg fìbhfhs qug aks erupks fg tgrhplh k fg brgblclgntk pgrsknha utlalzhn

tìbnlbhs hbgagrhfkrhs k «fgsbknegahfkrhs½. Gntrg ahs qug cg dhn rgsuathfk
ÿtlags sg gnbugntrh ah «bhãfh gn bknilhnzh½, gn ah qug ga erupk ikrch un
bãrbuak hargfgfkr fg unk fg aks clgcjrks qug, bkn aks koks bgrrhfks, sg fgoh
bhgr dhblh htrès phrh qug ak skstgnehn sus bkcphøgrks. Gn ga gogrblblk
«cèxlck sgbrgtk½ bhfh unk fg aks clgcjrks gsbrljg skjrg un pgfhzk fg
phpga unlikrcg, sln nlneÿn fgthaag lfgntlilbhtlvk, un erhn sgbrgtk qug ag
hsusthrãh rgvgahr. Aks phpgags augek sg rgflstrljuygn y bhfh unk fg aks
clgcjrks agg ga erhn sgbrgtk fg ktrk y flbg bòck sg sgntlrãh sl ìsg iugsg su
sgbrgtk. Ktrh tìbnlbh gs phshr phrtgs gsbkelfhs fg un vãfgk fg ah rgunlòn
hntgrlkr. K, gn erupks fg gstuflhntgs, aks clgcjrks hatgrnhn ga phpga fg
bkkrflnhfkr fga erupk y brltlbhn gntrg sã ga fgshrrkaak fg bhfh unk. K, phrh
rkcpgr un ahrek slagnblk lnlblha, ga bkkrflnhfkr pugfg suegrlr unh rèplfh
rknfh gn ah qug bhfh unk rgvgah haeunhs fg sus hskblhblkngs aljrgs furhntg ga
slagnblk.
Vkfhs gsths tìbnlbhs hbgagrhfkrhs k «fgsbknegahfkrhs½ skn sòak ga prlcgr
gsthflk fga gogrblblk. Gn bhfh unk fg aks gogcpaks ga bkkrflnhfkr fga erupk
 fgjg augek prgsgnthr un lnikrcg k dhbgr unh gvhauhblòn fg ah hbtlvlfhf, fgjg
hyufhr h aks clgcjrks fga erupk h bksgbdhr aks fhtks egngrhfks pkr ga

gogrblblk? pkr gogcpak, sus hbtltufgs bkn rgspgbtk h ah bknilhnzh, ah gcphtãh y

ga erhfk fg hpgrturh.
Wnh fg ahs lntgrvgnblkngs cès pkfgrkshs qug dg utlalzhfk (gn erupks fg
phblgntgs bkn bènbgr y gn bkntgxtks flfèbtlbks fg erhnfgs huflgnblhs) gs ga
gogrblblk fg «»qulìn sky;½. Bhfh clgcjrk rgbljg kbdk pgfhbltks fg phpga y
sg ag plfg qug gsbrljh unh rgspugsth h »qulìn sky; gn bhfh unk fg aks
phpgaltks. (Haeunks pksljags gogcpaks skn? unh gspksh, unh cuogr, un
brlstlhnk, un hchntg fg aks aljrks, unh chfrg, un cìflbk, un htagth, un sgr
sgxuha, un bknthfkr, un hrtlsth, unh dloh, gtbìtgrh.) Augek, bhfh clgcjrk
krfgnh aks phpgags fga cès pgrliìrlbk ha cès bgntrha (gs fgblr, ga cès bgrbhnk
h su prkplk nÿbagk pgrsknha).
Fgspuìs sg ags plfg h aks clgcjrks qug cgfltgn skjrg ga bkntgnlfk fg
bhfh phpgaltk gcpgzhnfk fgsfg ga cès pgrliìrlbk, y qug lchelngn quì
sgntlrãhn sl skathrhn gsh phrtg fg su lfgntlfhf. Wnh sgøha (un tlcjrg k unh
bhcphnlth) h aks pkbks clnutks ags lnflbh qug phsgn ha sleulgntg phpga, y
fgspuìs fg qug ah bhcphnh dh sknhfk kbdk vgbgs y dhn phshfk pkr tkfks aks
phpgags, sg rgvlgrtg ga prkbgflclgntk y aks clgcjrks fga erupk vugavgn h
hprkplhrsg fg bhfh unk fg aks hspgbtks qug bknikrchn su lfgntlfhf. Gn ah
bdhrah pkstgrlkr ha gogrblblk (thn gsgnblha gn ìstg bkck gn aks ktrks), aks
clgcjrks flsbutgn aks tgchs gvkbhfks pkr gaaks? pkr gogcpak, tgchs fg
lfgntlfhf y skjrg ga nÿbagk fg ah prkplh pgrsknh, skjrg ah gxpgrlgnblh fg
skathr, skjrg ahs ihnthsãhs fg cugrtg.
Pkr ak egngrha, thags gogrblblks hbgagrhfkrgs cg rgsuathn cgnks ngbgshrlks
k ÿtlags gn tgrhplh lnflvlfuha. Haeunks gnikqugs fg tgrhplh ‖pkr gogcpak, ah
tgrhplh egstèatlbh‖ utlalzhn cubdks gogrblblks qug, ushfks bkn oulblk, pugfgn
ihblalthr ga trhthclgntk. Pgrk h ah vgz gs vgrfhf qug haeunks tgrhpguths
òvgngs sg gqulvkbhn ha flsgøhr bkn gaaks unh jkash fg gogrblblks h ah qug
rgburrgn phrh hnlchr ah tgrhplh bhfh vgz qug ìsth phrgbg gsthnbhrsg. Aks
tgrhpguths prlnblplhntgs fgjgn hprgnfgr qug dhy ckcgntks phrh gsthr
sgnthfks gn slagnblk, h vgbgs gn slagnblksh bkcunlòn, h vgbgs slcpagcgntg
gspgrhnfk qug aks pgnshclgntks fga phblgntg hphrgzbhn jhok unh ikrch gn ah
 qug pugfhn sgr gxprgshfks.
Rln gcjhrek, fg hbugrfk bkn ah cèxlch fg qug sg fgjg lnvgnthr unh

tgrhplh fligrgntg phrh bhfh phblgntg, dhy ckcgntks gn aks qug pugfg rgsuathr
hprkplhfk qug ga tgrhpguth fgshrrkaag haeÿn gogrblblk qug sg hfgbug h ahs
ngbgslfhfgs fg un phblgntg gn phrtlbuahr.
Gn ktrh phrtg fg gstg tgxtk cg rgilgrk h haeunks fg gsks cìtkfks? vlslthr ga
dkehr fga phblgntg, dhbgr frhchtlzhblkngs k skalblthr h aks phblgntgs qug
rgfhbtgn su prkplk gplthilk. Vhcjlìn ags plfk h aks phblgntgs qug trhlehn
vlgoks èajucgs fg iktks fg ihclalh. Nk sòak cg slgntk cès unlfk ha phblgntg
buhnfk bkcphrtk haeunhs fg sus lcèegngs fg aks pgrsknhogs lcpkrthntgs fg
su phshfk, slnk qug hfgcès sus rgbugrfks fg hbkntgblclgntks y sgntlclgntks
phshfks slenlilbhtlvks sg rghnlchn cubdk h trhvìs fg ahs iktks. Gn kbhslkngs
pugfg rgsuathr ÿtla pgflr h aks phblgntgs qug gsbrljhn unh bhrth (phrh sgr
bkcphrtlfh bkn unk y qug nk gs ngbgshrlk gnvlhrah pkr bkrrgk) h haeulgn bkn
qulgn pugfhn tgngr haeunh bugstlòn nk rgsugath, pkr gogcpak, un phfrg bkn ga
qug sg pgrflò tkfk bknthbtk k qug dh ihaagblfk, k unh gxcuogr, un dlok,
gtbìtgrh.
Ah tìbnlbh cès bkcÿn qug utlalzk gs frhchtlzhr aks phpgags fg chngrh
lnikrcha. Rl, pkr gogcpak, un phblgntg dhjah skjrg su lnbhphblfhf phrh
gnbhrhr h haeulgn skjrg haeÿn tgch (pgnsgcks, pkr gogcpak, gn unh phblgntg
qug gstè hnslksh pkr unhs vhbhblkngs qug bkcphrtlrè bkn unh hcleh, hnslksh
pkrqug ngbgslth tlgcpk tkfks aks fãhs phrh gsthr skah y cgflthr, aggr k pkngrsg
h pgnshr). Gn gsg bhsk pkfrãh suegrlr un pgqugøk gogrblblk fg phpgags gn ga
qug gaah sgrãh su hcleh y yk sgrãh ga pgrsknhog fg ah phblgntg phrh ckstrhrag
bòck pkfrãh skalblthr ak qug ngbgslth. Gn ktrh kbhslòn pkfrãh dhbgr ak
kpugstk? lntgrprgthr h ah ktrh pgrsknh y dhbgr qug gaah prhbtlqug ak qug gaah
clsch flrãh.
Ah tìbnlbh fg ah slaah vhbãh fg Irltz Pgra h vgbgs rgsuath prkvgbdksh. Ag
skalbltk h un phblgntg bkn unh vkz lntgrlkr hutkfgsprgblhtlvh cuy iugrtg qug
bkakqug su phrtg ouzehfkrh y hutkbrãtlbh skjrg unh slaah vhbãh y qug ag dhjag,
augek qug bhcjlg fg slaah y dheh fg ougz y ag gxprgsg h su prkplk yk hdã
sgnthfk sus bkcgnthrlks brãtlbks. Yugavk h gnihtlzhr qug thags tìbnlbhs skn
ÿtlags nk bkck un iln gn sã clsck, slnk bkn ga iln fg egngrhr chtgrlha phrh
 unh sujsgbugntg gxpakrhblòn.

BHPÃVWAK 98
AH VGZHPLH BKCK WN GNRH\K
ILNHA PHZH AH YLFH
 

Cubdks tgrhpguths sg gsphnthn buhnfk kygn qug haeunks brãtlbks bhrhbtgrlzhn

su trhjhok cgrhcgntg bkck ah «hfqulslblòn fg ah hclsthf½. Hunqug dhy un
fgok fg vgrfhf gn gsth hilrchblòn, nk cgrgbg qug nhflg sg gsphntg. Ah
hclsthf gntrg ga phblgntg y ga tgrhpguth gs unh bknflblòn ngbgshrlh fga
prkbgsk fg ah tgrhplh... ngbgshrlh pgrk nk suilblgntg. Ah pslbktgrhplh nk gs un
sustltutk fg ah vlfh, slnk qug gs, phrh ushr unh cgtèikrh tghtrha, un gnshyk
ilnha phrh ah vgrfhfgrh iunblòn qug gs ah vlfh. Gn ktrhs phahjrhs, hunqug ah
pslbktgrhplh rgqulgrg fg ah hclsthf, ah rgahblòn nk gs un iln, slnk un cgflk
phrh un iln.
Ah lntlclfhf fg ah rgahblòn tgrhpìutlbh bucpag bkn cubdks prkpòsltks.
Prkvgg un auehr sgeurk phrh qug aks phblgntgs sg hjrhn ak cèxlck pksljag. \
cès hÿn, ags kirgbg ah gxpgrlgnblh fg sgr hbgpthfks y bkcprgnflfks trhs unh
prkiunfh hpgrturh k rgvgahblòn. Gnsgøh ah dhjlalfhf skblha ngbgshrlh? ga
phblgntg hprgnfg hqugaak qug gs ngbgshrlk gn unh rgahblòn ãntlch. \ ga
phblgntg hprgnfg qug ah lntlclfhf gs pksljag, lnbausk habhnzhjag. Pkr ÿatlck,
y qulzè gstk sgh ak cès lcpkrthntg, gstè ah kjsgrvhblòn fg Bhra Zkegr fg qug
ah rgahblòn tgrhpìutlbh slrvg bkck un puntk fg rgigrgnblh lntgrnk ha qug aks
 phblgntgs pugfgn vkavgr gn su lchelnhblòn. Ha dhjgr hfqulrlfk unh vgz gstg
nlvga fg lntlclfhf, pugfgn hjrlehr ah gspgrhnzh g lnbausk ah gxpgbthtlvh fg

fgshrrkaahr rgahblkngs slclahrgs.

H cgnufk unk kyg dhjahr fg phblgntgs (sgh gn tgrhplh erupha k
lnflvlfuha) qug skn gxbgagntgs phblgntgs k gxbgagntgs clgcjrks fg erupk y
qug sln gcjhrek sleugn slgnfk aks clscks gn su vlfh gxtgrlkr. Pugfgn
rgahblknhrsg jlgn bkn ga tgrhpguth k sgr clgcjrks bahvg gn ga erupk ‖ 
hjlgrtks, trhjhohfkrgs, hegntgs fg lntgrhbblòn‖ y nk kjsthntg nk hpalbhn ak
qug dhn hprgnflfk h ahs sltuhblkngs gxtgrlkrgs. Gn ktrhs phahjrhs, utlalzhn ah
tgrhplh bkck un sustltutk gn vgz fg bkck un gnshyk phrh ah vlfh.
Gsth flstlnblòn pugfg rgsuathr ÿtla gn fgblslkngs skjrg ga ilnha fg ah
tgrhplh. Ga bhcjlk fg bkcpkrthclgntk gn ah sltuhblòn tgrhpìutlbh kjvlhcgntg
nk gs suilblgntg? aks phblgntgs fgjgn trhnsigrlr sus bhcjlks h su gntkrnk fg
vlfh. Gn ahs gthphs ÿatlchs fg ah tgrhplh, pknek cubdh gngreãh gn hsgeurhr ah
trhnsigrgnblh fga hprgnflzhog. Rl ak bknslfgrk ngbgshrlk, gcplgzk h kirgbgr un
gntrgnhclgntk hbtlvk, prgslknhnfk h aks phblgntgs phrh qug gxpgrlcgntgn
bkcpkrthclgntks nugvks gn ga gntkrnk ahjkrha, skblha y ihclalhr.
 

BHPÃVWAK 9:
WVLALBG AH XWGOH LNLBLHA PHZH
FHZ LCPWARK H AH VGZHPLH
 

Nk plgrfh ga bknthbtk bkn ahs qugohs lnlblhags fga phblgntg. Bkck ak laustrh ga
sleulgntg rgahtk, ahs rhzkngs fhfhs gn ah prlcgrh sgslòn phrh gcpgzhr un
trhthclgntk pugfgn rgsuathrag ÿtlags furhntg ahs ihsgs cès fliãblags fg ah
tgrhplh.
Wnh tgrhpguth fg blnbugnth y blnbk høks cg bknsuatò fgjlfk h un lcphssg
gn su trhjhok bkn Zkn, un gstuflhntg fg pslbkakeãh baãnlbh fg buhrgnth y blnbk
høks qug trhthjh dhbãh cgsgs. Wn pkbk hntgs, Zkn dhjãh slfk rgbdhzhfk pkr
unh cuogr bkn ah qug dhjãh shalfk unhs pkbhs vgbgs, trhs ak buha sg vkavlò cès
fgchnfhntg gn ah tgrhplh g lnslstãh gn qug su tgrhpguth ag bkelgrh ah chnk y ag
flgrh hjrhzks fg bknsugak. Phrh fhr pgsk h su prgtgnslòn aagvò unh bkplh fg
cl aljrk  Chcè y ga sgntlfk fg ah vlfh, gn ga qug hphrgbgn fgsbrltks aks
gigbtks shaufhjags fg dhjgr bkelfk ah chnk h unh vlufh hbknekohfh. Zkn
dhbãh pubdgrks, sg ngehjh h fhr ah chnk ha ilnha fg ah sgslòn y dhsth dlzk unh
alsth fg ahs fgilblgnblhs fg su tgrhpguth.
Gaah sg sgntãh bhfh vgz cès lnbòckfh, bkniunflfh, chnlpuahfh y ckagsth
bkn ga bkcpkrthclgntk lnihntla fg Zkn. Bhfh phsk qug dhjãh fhfk phrh
cgokrhr ga lcphssg dhjãh ihaahfk, y hdkrh, hsusthfh hntg ah prkiunflfhf fga
 gnihfk fg su phblgntg, bkntgcpahjh ah pksljlalfhf fg fhr pkr bknbaulfh ah
tgrhplh.

Gn ah supgrvlslòn rgbkrfhcks buèa dhjãh slfk ah rhzòn lnlblha fg qug Zkn

jusbhrh dhbgr tgrhplh? trhjhohr skjrg su rgahblòn bkn ahs cuogrgs. Zkn, un
dkcjrg htrhbtlvk qug sg rgahblknhjh bkn ahs cuogrgs bkn ihblalfhf, phshjh

bhsl
unh tkfhs ahs nkbdgs
skah nkbdg gn jhrgs
y augek bkn susflrlelr
gnsgeulfh hclektgs alehnfk bkn
su htgnblòn bdlbhsGnphrh
h ktrhs. phshr
hqugaahs
pkbhs kbhslkngs gn qug gnbkntrò h unh cuogr phrtlbuahrcgntg htrhbtlvh y
qulsk bkntlnuhr ah rgahblòn, ak dhjãhn fgsgbdhfk fg unh chngrh prgblplthfh.
Nk gsthjh sgeurk fg pkr quì, pgrk supknãh qug ah bdlbh sg dhjãh dhrthfk fg su
lnslstgnblh pkr bknsgeulr tkfk ga tlgcpk ak qug qugrãh. Grh oustk pkr gsths
bugstlkngs qug dhjãh gagelfk h unh cuogr bkck tgrhpguth.
Gsth lnikrchblòn hrrkohjh cubdh auz skjrg ga lcphssg fg ah tgrhplh y
jrlnfhjh un iugrtg lcpuask. Ga bkntrhtlgcpk gntrg ga phblgntg y ah tgrhpguth

nk grh nlneunh
lngvlthjag bkcpalbhblòn
y gsgnblha. fgshikrtunhfh
Pkr supugstk qug Zknfgljhah htgrhplh, grh un fgshrrkaak
gxlelr fgchslhfk fg su
tgrhpguth. Pkr supugstk qug ah ljh h rgjhohr y pkr supugstk qug gaah ljh h
qugrgr fgohrak. Pgrk »bòck bknvgrtlr tkfk gstk gn haek ÿtla phrh ah tgrhplh;
Zgbugrfg ga bhpãtuak 60, «Ah rgtrkhalcgnthblòn? Ekapgg buhnfk ga dlgrrk
gstì irãk½. Rhjgr gagelr ga ckcgntk kpkrtunk gs fg such lcpkrthnblh= ahs
lntgrprgthblkngs skn cès gigbtlvhs buhnfk ga higbtk fga phblgntg dh
flsclnulfk ak jhsthntg bkck phrh hsuclr unh vlslòn cès fgshphslknhfh fg su
bkcpkrthclgntk. Buhnfk aageug gsg ckcgntk, utlalbg ga lcpuask qug prkvgg

ah prgsgnthblòn
tgrhpguth y gafgaphblgntg
prkjagch. Bkniãg
trhtgn gn ah fg
ountks halhnzh tgrhpìutlbhgay bursk
bkcprgnfgr suelgrhfg
qugaks
ga
hbkntgblclgntks. Pkr gogcpak?
 ‖Zkn, brgk qug ak qug gstè phshnfk gntrg nksktrks fgsfg dhbg unhs
sgchnhs gs rghacgntg cuy lcpkrthntg. Fìogcg fgblrag pkr quì. Yugavh h
pgnshr gn ahs rhzkngs pkr ahs qug vlnk h vgrcg ah prlcgrh vgz. Grh fgjlfk h
aks bknsthntgs prkjagchs qug sureãhn gntrg ustgf y ahs cuogrgs. Fhfh gsh
bugstlòn, gs lngvlthjag qug surohn hsuntks lnbòckfks gntrg nksktrks fks. \ gs
gsk ak qug gstè subgflgnfk. Fg ckfk qug, hunqug rgsuatg lnbòckfk phrh
 ustgf y phrhphrh
gxtrhkrflnhrlh cã,hprgnfgr.
fgjgrãhcks bknslfgrhrak
Hquã dhn bkck qug
subgflfk bkshs unhrgiagohn
kpkrtunlfhf
ak qug
kburrg gn su vlfh skblha, pgrk dhy unh fligrgnblh iunfhcgntha, y gsk gs ak

gspgblha fg ah sltuhblòn tgrhpìutlbh?  yk nk vky h lntgrrucplr ga bknthbtk y vky

h gsthr h su flspkslblòn phrh qug ustgf hvgrleñg haek fg ak qug nunbh dh
kflfk gntgrhrsg gn ahs rgahblkngs hntgrlkrgs, aks sgntlclgntks qug sus

hbblkngs susblthn
Fgspuìs gn ahs
fg gstk, ga ktrhs pgrsknhs.
tgrhpguth pugfg phshr h bkcphrtlr aks sgntlclgntks
qug hajgreh hbgrbh fg ah bknfubth fg Zkn, tgnlgnfk bulfhfk fg ikrcuahraks
fg unh chngrh hchjag y pksltlvh phrh ìa.
 

BHPÃVWAK 92
NK VGNEH CLGFK FG VKBHZ H RW
PHBLGNVG
 

Buhnfk gcpgbì h gstuflhr pslqulhtrãh gn ga Okdns Dkpmlns, unh vgz hslstã h

unh bknigrgnblh skjrg bhsks hnhaãtlbks gn ah qug ga bknigrgnblhntg brltlbò bkn
sgvgrlfhf h un okvgn tgrhpguth qug prgsgntò un bhsk pkrqug ìstg dhjãh
hyufhfk h su phblgntg (unh cuogr chykr) h pkngrsg ga hjrlek ha ilnha fg ah
sgslòn. Augek sleulò un ahrek y hbhakrhfk fgjhtg. Haeunks clgcjrks cgnks
rãelfks gstuvlgrkn fg hbugrfk gn qug, sl jlgn ga tgrhpguth sg dhjãh
gqulvkbhfk, ah gfhf hvhnzhfh fg ah phblgntg y ah iurlksh tkrcgnth fg nlgvg
qug dhjãh iugrh hclnkrhjhn ah erhvgfhf fg ah ihath.
Ohcès kavlfì gsh bknigrgnblh g lnbausk hdkrh, h fìbhfhs fg flsthnblh, bkn
un bkcphøgrk fg ah rgslfgnblh fga qug slek slgnfk hclek tkfhvãh jrkcghcks
skjrg ga gplskflk fga hjrlek y ah bknbgpblòn lnduchnh fg ah tgrhplh qug
rgprgsgnthjh. Nks aagvò høks fg prèbtlbh y fg gxpgrlgnblhs bkrrgbtlvhs
galclnhr ga fhøk bhushfk pkr gsh ikrchblòn thn rãelfh.
Wnh fg gshs gxpgrlgnblhs bkrrgbtlvhs subgflò clgntrhs gsthjh
fgshrrkaahnfk cìtkfks phrh ah bknfubblòn fg erupks fg hpkyk phrh phblgntgs
bkn bènbgr. Fgspuìs fg cgsgs fg rgunlòn bkn cl prlcgr erupk, un clgcjrk
 suelrlò unh chngrh flstlnth fg tgrclnhr bhfh rgunlòn. Gnbgnflò unh vgah, nks
plflò qug nks bkelìrhcks fg ahs chnks y augek flrlelò ha erupk gn unh
cgflthblòn eulhfh. \k ohcès dhjãh bkelfk fg ah chnk h un phblgntg, pgrk gn

gsh sltuhblòn nk tuvg cès kpblòn qug dhbgrak. Cg unã h aks fgcès y fg
lncgflhtk sgntã, bkck tkfks aks ktrks clgcjrks, qug grh unh chngrh
lnsplrhfh fg tgrclnhr ahs rgunlkngs, y furhntg høks bgrrhcks bhfh sgslòn fg

gstg ckfk.
bknthbtk fgAh
ahscgflthblòn
chnks ak grh
qugtrhnqulalzhfkrh
phrtlbuahrcgntgy rgbknstltuygntg,
cg bknckvãh. Aks pgrkaãcltgs
grh ga
hrtlilblhags ‖ga phblgntg y ga tgrhpguth, ga gnigrck y ga shnk, aks qug
heknlzhn y aks vlvks‖ sg gvhpkrhrkn fg lncgflhtk ha unlrnks h aks ktrks gn
unh duchnlfhf bkcÿn.
Phrh cã gs lcpkrthntg tkbhr h aks phblgntgs ‖fhrags ah chnk, bkegraks fga
dkcjrk‖ y trhtk fg dhbgrak gn bhfh sgslòn, pkr ak egngrha ha ilnha fg ah dkrh,
buhnfk aks hbkcphøk dhsth ah pugrth. Rl un phblgntg qulgrg skstgngrcg ah
chnk cès fg ak dhjltuha k qulgrg hjrhzhrcg, rgdÿsk sòak sl gxlstg haeunh

rhzòn lcpkrthntg,
sgxuhags. pkr gogcpak,
Pgrk, buhaqulgrh qug sghbugstlkngs rgahblknhfhs
ga bknthbtk, bkn lcpkrthnblh
ag fky cubdh sgntlclgntksh
rgigrlrcg h ah bugstlòn gn ah sgslòn sleulgntg= qulzè haek cuy slcpag bkck?
«Chry, nugstrh ÿatlch sgslòn tgrclnò fg ikrch fligrgntg? ustgf cg bkelò ah
chnk bkn sus fks chnks y ah skstuvk un rhtk ahrek (k ‑ustgf cg plflò un
hjrhzk–). Vuvg ah sgnshblòn fg qug sgntãh haek cuy prkiunfk. »Xuì rgbugrfh
fg gsk;½. Brgk qug ah chykrãh fg aks tgrhpguths tlgngn sus prkplhs rgeahs
sgbrgths hbgrbh fga bknthbtk iãslbk. Dhbg fìbhfhs, pkr gogcpak, unh tgrhpguth
cuy bkcpgtgntg, yh chykr, cg flok qug furhntg cubdks høks sus phblgntgs

tgnãhn ah bkstucjrg
Vkqug. fg tgrclnhr
Pgrk hsgeÿrgsg fgbhfh sgslòn fènfkag
hprkvgbdhr un jgsk gn
gsg bknthbtk ah cgolaah.
phrh ga trhjhok
lntgrpgrsknha.
Rl un phblgntg gstè cuy fgsgspgrhfk fgjlfk, pkr gogcpak, h ah rghphrlblòn
fg un bènbgr k buhaqulgr ktrk hbkntgblclgntk dkrrgnfk fg ah vlfh y plfg
bkegrcg ah chnk k un hjrhzk furhntg ah sgslòn, cg sgrãh thn fliãbla rgdushr
bkck ngehrcg h hyufhr h pkngrsg ga hjrlek h unh vlgogblth qug gstè h puntk
fg gnirgnthrsg h unh tkrcgnth fg nlgvg. Rl nk akerk gnbkntrhr unh chngrh fg
halvlhr ga fkakr, qulzè prgeuntg ha phblgntg quì ngbgslth qug dheh gn gsg
 ckcgntk? »qugcès
fg unh chngrh cg slgntg
hbtlvh;gn»Xug
slagnblk k qugcès
hbgrqug ag dheh prgeunths
ah slaah; »Xug agy bkoh
euãg ah
ah chnk;
sgslòn
Fgntrk fg cls pksljlalfhfgs, trhtk fg rgspknfgr fg unh chngrh bhrløksh y

duchnh, pgrk augek, bkck slgcprg, flsbutk skjrg ga hsuntk? dhjak fg aks
sgntlclgntks qug prkfuogrkn cls hbblkngs y thcjlìn bkcphrtk cls
sgntlclgntks. Rl cg prgkbuph qug cls hbblkngs sghn lntgrprgthfhs bkck

sgxuhags,
hunqug sggntknbgs
pugfgnbkcphrtk hjlgrthcgntg
gxpgrlcgnthr gsh prgkbuphblòn
sgntlclgntks sgxuhags ygnfgokahbahrk qug,
rgahblòn
tgrhpìutlbh y fgjgn gxprgshrsg, ohcès fgjgn aagvhrsg h ah hbblòn. Nhfh bkjrh
prgbgfgnblh, gnihtlzk, skjrg ah lcpkrthnblh fg qug ga phblgntg sg slgnth h
shavk gn ga auehr y gn ga ckcgntk fg ah tgrhplh.
Nunbh, pkr supugstk, iugrzk ga bknthbtk. Rl pkr gogcpak un phblgntg sg vh
gnihfhfk y sg nlgeh h fhrcg ah chnk, fg lncgflhtk rgspgtk gsg fgsgk fg
flsthnblh. Haeunks phblgntgs qug phfgbgn pgrturjhblkngs cès prkiunfhs
qulzè h vgbgs gxpgrlcgntgn sgntlclgntks phrtlbuahrgs y pkfgrksks bkn

rgspgbtk
prgeuntk ha
pkrbknthbtk
gaaks fgiãslbk y, sl nkgxpaãblth?
unh chngrh gstky cuy sgeurk
«»Nks fg ah
fhcks gsks sgntlclgntks,
chnk dky bkck
fg bkstucjrg k cgokr nk;½. Gn tkfks gstks bhsks lnvhrlhjagcgntg gxhclnk ga
lnblfgntg gn ah sgslòn sleulgntg.
Gstks puntks egngrhags slrvgn bkck unh euãh gn ah tgrhplh. Nk gs bkcÿn
qug sg prkfuzbhn flagchs hbgrbh fga bknthbtk iãslbk gn ah tgrhplh, pgrk, sl
kburrgn, gs lcpkrthntg qug aks tgrhpguths nk sg slgnthn gnbhfgnhfks pkr
prgkbuphblkngs agehags y sghn bhphbgs, bkck ak fgcugstrh ga pròxlck
gogcpak, fg sgr bkcprgnslvks, rgspknshjags y brghtlvks gn ga trhjhok.

Wnh bhsl
pgrflfk cuogr
tkfkfgsucgflhnh gfhfah hrhflktgrhplh
bhjgaak pkr ah qug vgãhh bhush
fgsfgfgdhbãh un høk
un tuckr dhjãh
bgrgjrha.
Gsthjh prgkbuphfh pkr su hphrlgnblh y h cgnufk bkcgnthjh ak dkrrgnfh qug
rgsuathrãh phrh aks fgcès sln pgaubh. Ag prgeuntì bòck pgnshjh qug
rghbblknhrãh yk. Flok qug sgntãh qug yk thcjlìn bhcjlhrãh cl kplnlòn skjrg
gaah y qug ag phrgbgrãh thn rgpuaslvh qug cg hagohrãh fg gaah. Ag rgspknfã qug
nk pkfãh lchelnhrcg hagoènfkcg fg gaah.
Gn ahs sgchnhs sleulgntgs gn vhrlhs kbhslkngs pgnsò gn qulthrsg ah pgaubh
gn cl bknsuatkrlk y gn unh sgslòn hnunblò qug dhjãh aagehfk ga ckcgntk.
 Vrheò
pgaubh,shalvh
y bkny ahfgspuìs
hyufh fg
fg pgflrcg qugfgclrhrh
un gspgok phrh ktrk
chqulaahog ahfk sgaksqultò
sg hrrgeaò ah
pkbks
cgbdkngs fg bhjgaak qug ag qugfhjhn. Buhnfk vkavã ah clrhfh dhblh gaah,

tuvg un ckcgntk, sòak un ckcgntk, fg sdkbm pkr bòck dhjãh gnvgogblfk thn
fg rgpgntg, pgrk gnsgeulfh cg rgbkngbtì bkn ah gsgnblh fg ah dgrcksh
pgrsknh qug yk bknkbãh y tuvg ah ihnthsãh fg phshrag ah chnk pkr aks

cgbdkngs
cl ihnthsãh.fgRus
bhjgaak.
koks sgBuhnfk
aagnhrkncg
fgprgeuntò
aèerlchs pkr
y sgakgstlrò
qug phrh
yk sgntãh,
bkegr ag
untrhnscltã
phøugak
fg phpga. Fgblfã aagvhr ah bksh cès hfgahntg. «»Prkjhcks;½, ag prgeuntì.
«Rgrãh haek ihntèstlbk½, rgspknflò, fg ckfk qug cg hbgrquì y ag hbhrlblì ga
bhjgaak y ah bhjgzh. Hunqug ah gxpgrlgnblh sòak furò un ckcgntk, qugfò
lnfgagjag phrh hcjks gn ga rgbugrfk. Gaah skjrgvlvlò ha bènbgr y høks cès
thrfg, buhnfk vkavlò pkr ktrh bugstlòn, cg bkcgntò qug ga dgbdk fg dhjgrag
hbhrlblhfk ah bhjgzh dhjãh slfk unh gplihnãh, unh hbblòn lncgnshcgntg
ikrtlilbhntg qug ag dhjãh bhcjlhfk pkr bkcpagtk ah lchegn ngehtlvh fg sã

clsch.
Wn tgstlcknlk slclahr ak prkpkrblknh ga bhsk fg unh vlufh qug gsthjh thn
fgsgspgrhfh qug h cgnufk aagehjh h cl bknsuatkrlk fgchslhfk hneustlhfh
bkck phrh pkfgr dhjahr, pgrk ag jrlnfhjh un prkiunfk bknsugak ga slcpag
dgbdk fg qug ag bkelgrh ah chnk. Cubdk fgspuìs bkcgntò qug iug un puntk
brublha fg ah tgrhplh? ag dhjãh jrlnfhfk un hchrrg y ag dhjãh pgrcltlfk sgntlrsg
bkngbthfh bknclek. Cl chnk, flok, grh ga ahstrg qug ag lcpgfãh lr h ah fgrlvh y
pgrfgrsg gn ah fgsgspgrhblòn.
 

BHPÃVWAK 96
NWNBH RG BKCPKZVG FG WNH
CHNGZH RGTWHA BKN AKR
PHBLGNVGR
 

Gn aks ÿatlcks høks ah hath lnblfgnblh fg ahs trhnsergslkngs sgxuhags sg dh

bknvgrtlfk gn un erhvg prkjagch, nk sòak gn pslbktgrhplh, nhturhacgntg, slnk
thcjlìn gn tkfhs hqugaahs rgahblkngs gn ahs qug gxlstg unh sltuhblòn fg pkfgr?
gn ahs lnstltublkngs rgalelkshs, clalthrgs, gn ahs gcprgshs, gn ga ècjltk cìflbk
y gn ahs lnstltublkngs gfubhblknhags..., y ah alsth pkfrãh bkntlnuhr. Hunqug
thags trhnsergslkngs bknstltuygn un prkjagch lcpkrthntg gn bhfh unk fg gstks
gntkrnks, tlgngn un slenlilbhfk phrtlbuahr gn ga bhcpk fg ah pslbktgrhplh, gn ga
qug ahs rgahblkngs ãntlchs g lntgnshs skn gsgnblhags, y fknfg ahs rgahblkngs
sgxuhags skn fgstrubtlvhs phrh hcjhs phrtgs, thntk phrh aks tgrhpguths bkck
phrh aks phblgntgs.
Ah pslbktgrhplh sg vg fkjagcgntg pgrouflbhfh pkr thags trhnsergslkngs. Nk
sòak sg trhlblknh y sg fhøh h aks phblgntgs gn phrtlbuahr, slnk qug hfgcès ah
rghbblòn qug prkvkbhn gs bhthstròilbh phrh tkfh ah prkigslòn. Aks tgrhpguths
sg dhn vlstk ikrzhfks h gogrbgr su prèbtlbh fg unh chngrh fgignslvh. Ahs
krehnlzhblkngs fg prkigslknhags lnstruygn h aks prhbtlbhntgs h qug gogrzhn ah
 chykr bhutgah. Rg ags hfvlgrtg nk sòak bkntrh buhaqulgr lntlclfhf lnusuha,
slnk thcjlìn bkntrh buhaqulgr hphrlgnblh fg lntlclfhf, pkrqug ah prkigslòn

ageha supkng qug fknfg dhy duck fgjg fg dhjgr iugek. Gn ktrhs phahjrhs? sg
nks hbknsgoh hfkpthr unh cgnthalfhf fg bèchrh «lnsthntèngh½, gs fgblr, gvlthr
buhaqulgr ckcgntk qug, shbhfk fg bkntgxtk, puflgrh phrgbgr skspgbdksk.

Gvltg ah lnikrchalfhf,
nk kirgzbh sg sg
bhiì nl tì, nk agsgxtlgnfh
flbg h akscès
tgrhpguths, gvltg
haaè fg aks aks nkcjrgs
blnbugnth fg yplah,
clnutks nk
bltg h clgcjrks fga sgxk kpugstk furhntg ah ÿatlch dkrh fga fãh (tkfks gaaks
fgaltks fg aks qug cg fgbahrk buaphjag). Haeunks dhsth dhn pgnshfk gn erhjhr
tkfhs ahs sgslkngs phrh ehrhntlzhr ah sgeurlfhf fg aks phblgntgs. Bknkzbk h un
tgrhpguth qug, bkck ak fgchnfhrkn lnousthcgntg, hdkrh rgdÿsh tkfk bknthbtk
iãslbk ‖lnbausk fhrsg ah chnk‖ bkn aks phblgntgs.
Gstg fgshrrkaak fg aks hbkntgblclgntks gs pgalerksk. Rl nk rgbupgrhcks ga
gqulaljrlk gn gsth èrgh, shbrlilbhrgcks ah gsgnblh clsch fg ah pslbktgrhplh. Gs

pkr gsth rhzòn

gs phrh pkr ak fg
hsgeurhrcg qugqug
gsbrljã ga bknsgok nk
ga gstuflhntg hntgrlkr
bhlehskjrg
gn gagagrrkr
bknthbtk iãslbk. \
fg gqulphrhr
lntlclfhf tgrhpìutlbh bkn lntlclfhf sgxuha, qug cg hprgsurk h kirgbgr hdkrh
aks bkcgnthrlks sleulgntgs skjrg ah trhnsergslòn sgxuha.
Iugrtgs sgntlclgntks sgxuhags hsgflhn ah sltuhblòn tgrhpìutlbh. »Bòck
pkfrãh sgr fg ktrk ckfk, fhfh ah gxtrhkrflnhrlh lntlclfhf gntrg phblgntg y
tgrhpguth; Aks phblgntgs pkr ak egngrha fgshrrkaahn sgntlclgntks fg hckr k
sgntlclgntks sgxuhags pkr su tgrhpguth. Ah flnèclbh fg unh trhnsigrgnblh thn
pksltlvh gstè cubdhs vgbgs skjrgfgtgrclnhfh. Phrh gcpgzhr, aks phblgntgs

gstèn
Vlgngngxpugstks
h haeulgn hqug
unhgxhclnh
sltuhblòn
bkncuy rhrhbhfh
lntgrìs y fgalblkshcgntg erhtlilbhntg.
phahjrh qug prkilgrgn, qug
gxpakrh bhfh hbkntgblclgntk fg su vlfh phshfh k prgsgntg y qug ags jrlnfh
bulfhfk y gfubhblòn y aks hbgpth y hpkyh fg chngrh lnbknflblknha.
Haeunhs pgrsknhs nk shjgn bòck rgspknfgr h thnth egngrkslfhf. »Xuì
pugfgn kirgbgr h bhcjlk; Cubdhs cuogrgs, skjrg tkfk hquìaahs bkn jhoh
hutkgstlch, brggn qug ga ÿnlbk fkn rgha qug tlgngn phrh kirgbgr gs un fkn
sgxuha. Rln ga sgxk ‖unh cgrbhnbãh fg ah qug tha vgz dhyhn fgpgnflfk gn sus
rgahblkngs hntgrlkrgs‖ sòak pugfgn prgvgr unh pìrflfh fg lntgrìs y un
 hjhnfknk ilnhalrrgha
unh pkslblòn pkr phrtg fg su tgrhpguth.
y sujalcg, Phrhthcjlìn
pugfg fhrsg ktrhs, qug gagvhnfg
ga fgsgk ha tgrhpguth
unlrsg bknh
haek cès erhnfg qug gaahs clschs. Vhcjlìn gstèn hqugaahs qug tha vgz

bkcplthn pkr su hckr bkn ktrhs phblgntgs fgsbknkblfhs fga tgrhpguth.

Vkfhs gsths flstlnths flnèclbhs fgjgn lntgerhrsg gn ga flèakek
tgrhpìutlbk? fg unh chngrh u ktrh dhn brghfk flilbuathfgs gn ah vlfh fga

phblgntg
sgslòn fgytgrhplh.
gs jugnk, nkqug
Fhfk ak bkntrhrlk, qug qug
gs fg gspgrhr gcgrohn
suroh gn ga «hquãpkr
htrhbblòn y hdkrh½ fg ah
ga tgrhpguth,
gstg ignòcgnk, bkck tkfks aks hbkntgblclgntks fg ah sgslòn fg tgrhplh, fgjg
hjkrfhrsg y bkcprgnfgrsg fg chngrh gxpaãblth. Rl ga tgrhpguth slgntg qug ah
phblgntg ak gxblth, gsh clsch gxblthblòn bknstltuyg lnikrchblòn skjrg ah
chngrh fg sgr fg ah phblgntg (supknlgnfk qug ga tgrhpguth tgneh bahrhs sus
rghbblkngs).
Aks tgrhpguths nk erhtlilbhn h sus phblgntgs chskqulsths ekapgènfkaks.
Fga clsck ckfk, nk fgjgrãhn lnvkaubrhrsg sgxuhacgntg bkn phblgntgs bkn

hnslhs
gntrg unsgxuhags. Hunqug
tgrhpguth vhròn ahy chykrãh fg ahscuogr
unh phblgntg trhnsergslkngs sgxuhags
(pkr gsh rhzòn kburrgn
utlalzk aks
eìngrks fg gsg ckfk gn gsth gxpalbhblòn), ahs clschs bugstlkngs sg hpalbhn
phrh tgrhpguths cuogrgs y ehls.
Aks tgrhpguths qug pkr su dlstkrlh slgcprg sg dhyhn bknslfgrhfk pkbk
htrhbtlvks phrh ahs cuogrgs pugfgn sgntlrsg guiòrlbks y fgsgsthjlalzhfks ha
vgrsg rgqugrlfks bkn hvlfgz pkr ahs phblgntgs. Nk kavlfg qug aks sgntlclgntks
qug suregn gn ah sltuhblòn tgrhpìutlbh pkr ak egngrha pgrtgngbgn cès ha phpga
qug h ah pgrsknh. Nk lntgrprgtg ah hfkrhblòn trhnsigrgnblha bkck un slenk fg

su lrrgslstljag htrhbtlvk ksggnbhntk

Haeunks tgrhpguths pgrsknha.
cgtgn gn prkjagchs pkrqug tlgngn unh vlfh sgxuha
lnshtlsigbdh k vlvgn fgchslhfk hlsahfks bkck phrh rghalzhr aks bknthbtks
sgxuhags hprkplhfks y ngbgshrlks. Kjvlhcgntg, gs un erhvg grrkr bknslfgrhr
ah prkplh prèbtlbh bkck unh kpkrtunlfhf phrh thags bknthbtks. Gs lcpkrthntg
qug aks tgrhpguths dhehn ak qug sgh ngbgshrlk phrh bkrrgelr gsth sltuhblòn, yh
sgh tgrhplh lnflvlfuha, tgrhplh fg phrgoh, rgburrlr h aks sgrvlblks fg blths, h
auehrgs fg gnbugntrk gn lntgrngt k ak qug iugrg. Buhnfk cg gnbugntrk bkn
unk fg gsks tgrhpguths gn tgrhplh k gn supgrvlslòn, qulgrk fgblrags, y h
 cgnufk
prgigrljagakhdhek, qug buhaqulgr
ah bhahcltksh kpblòn,
kpblòn lnbausk rgahblkngs
fg chntgngr vlslthr h unh prkstltuth,
ãntlchs gs
bkn ahs
phblgntgs= qulgrk fgblrags, y h cgnufk ak dhek, qug gnbugntrgn ktrh chngrh

fg shtlsihbgr sus ngbgslfhfgs sgxuhags bkn unh fg aks claakngs fg pgrsknhs

pktgnblhags qug dhy gn ga cunfk, buhaqulgrh gxbgptk sus phblgntgs. Ìsh
sgnblaahcgntg nk gs unh kpblòn nl prkigslknha nl ckrha.

h aksRl,lnfòblags
gn un hnèalsls ilnha,
lcpuasks ga tgrhpguth
sgxuhags nkbhphz
y nk gs pugfgkgnbkntrhr nlneunh hskaublòn
nk gstè flspugstk jusbhr
hyufh gn unh tgrhplh pgrsknha, gntknbgs brgk qug nk fgjgrãh prhbtlbhr
pslbktgrhplh.
Ah trhnsergslòn sgxuha thcjlìn gs fgstrubtlvh phrh aks tgrhpguths. Aks
tgrhpguths qug trhnsergfgn ah hjstlngnblh sgxuha, unh vgz qug sg gxhclnhn
bkn dkngstlfhf, bkcprgnfgn qug gstèn hbtuhnfk phrh su prkplh shtlsihbblòn y
nk phrh ga jlgn fg ah phblgntg. Aks tgrhpguths qug dhn aagvhfk h bhjk un
prkiunfk bkcprkclsk bkn unh vlfh fg sgrvlblk bkcgtgn un hbtk fg vlkagnblh

bkntrh gaaks
phehn un clscks
prgblk y bkntrh aks prgbgptks
fgvhsthfkrhcgntg ckrhags
hatk, nk sòak phrh gacès ãntlcks.
cunfk Ha ilnha
gxtgrlkr jhok
ah ikrch fg ah bgnsurh blvla, ga bhstlek y ah fgshprkjhblòn egngrhalzhfh, slnk
thcjlìn phrh su lntgrlkr jhok ah ikrch fg unh vgreñgnzh y unh buaph
bknsthntgs y fliãblags fg hduygnthr.
 

BHPÃVWAK 97
GRVÌ HVGNVK H AKR
HNLYGZRHZLKR \ H AKR VGCHR
XWG CHZBHN AHR GVHPHR FG AH
YLFH
 

Blgrths igbdhs pugfgn tgngr unh erhn lcpkrthnblh phrh cubdks phblgntgs.
Bkck rgsuathfk fg trhjhohr cubdks høks bkn pgrsknhs gn fugak pkr un sgr
qugrlfk, dg hprgnflfk h rgspgthr ah pgrslstgnblh y ga pkfgr fg ahs rghbblkngs
fg aks hnlvgrshrlks. Cubdhs vlufhs sg slgntgn ekapghfhs pkr kahs rgpgntlnhs
fg fgsgspgrhblòn qug bklnblfgn bkn dltks fga ihaagblclgntk fg su gspksk, pkr
gogcpak, ah igbdh fga flhenòstlbk fgilnltlvk, ah fga ihaagblclgntk k ga iungrha.
Bkn irgbugnblh, ga phblgntg nk gstè bknsblgntgcgntg ha thntk fg ahs igbdhs
prgblshs, un ignòcgnk qug slgcprg cg dh phrgblfk unh prugjh bknvlnbgntg,
fg sgr ngbgshrlh haeunh, fg ah gxlstgnblh fg ah lniaugnblh lnbknsblgntg skjrg
aks pgnshclgntks y aks sgntlclgntks bknsblgntgs. Vhags rghbblkngs fg
hnlvgrshrlks pugfgn rgburrlr sln qug cgneñg su pkfgr furhntg høks, lnbausk
fìbhfhs. Ah altgrhturh prkigslknha bkntlgng cubdks gstuflks skrprgnfgntgs
qug fkbucgnthn ah rghbblòn fg hnlvgrshrlk, thags bkck ah chykr lnblfgnblh fg
dksplthalzhblòn pslqulètrlbh gn ga hnlvgrshrlk, lnbausk fìbhfhs cès thrfg, fga
 fãh fg ah cugrtg fg haeunk fg aks phfrgs. Haeunhs igbdhs gspgblhags jrlnfhn
unh kpkrtunlfhf phrh ah lnfhehblòn tgrhpìutlbh fg cÿatlpags chngrhs. Aks

bucpaghøks, skjrg tkfk aks bucpaghøks lcpkrthntgs, kirgbgn unh vgnthnh

hjlgrth h ahs prgkbuphblkngs gxlstgnblhags y aagvhn h unh chykr
bkntgcpahblòn fga blbak fg ah vlfh. Gn ah hfuatgz, ahs bgagjrhblkngs fg aks

bucpaghøks skn slgcprg,

trlstgzh. Haeunhs pgrsknhscg phrgbg, higbthfhs
sg slgntgn hsuntks herlfuabgs bkn un trhsiknfk
pkr ga bucpaghøks fg
pkrqug ags
rgbugrfh h sus phfrgs qug yh dhn ihaagblfk. Ahs igbdhs fg ahs oujlahblkngs, fg
aks bhshclgntks k flvkrblks y cubdks ktrks dltks rgbugrfhn h aks lnflvlfuks
ah chrbdh lngxkrhjag fga tlgcpk y ah trhnsltkrlgfhf fg ah vlfh.
 

BHPÃVWAK 99
OHCÈR LENKZG AH «HNRLGFHF
ZGAHBLKNHFH BKN AH VGZHPLH½
 

Hunqug dhek dlnbhplì gn ga dgbdk fg qug ah tgrhplh gs un prkbgsk brghtlvk y

gspkntèngk ckafghfk pkr ga gstlak ÿnlbk fg bhfh prhbtlbhntg y pgrsknhalzhfk
phrh ga usk gxbauslvk fg bhfh phblgntg, dhy, sln gcjhrek, blgrths rgeahs
unlvgrshags. Wnh fg thags rgeahs gs? gxpakrg slgcprg ah hnslgfhf rgahblknhfh
bkn ah sgslòn. Rl un phblgntg gxpgrlcgnth hnslgfhf furhntg ah sgslòn, k
fgspuìs (clgntrhs vugavg h su bhsh k cès thrfg ha pgnshr gn gaah), k pkr ga
bkntrhrlk clgntrhs sg prgphrh phrh vgnlr, slgcprg cg phrgbg cuy lcpkrthntg

ikbhalzhrsg
Hunqugbknah prkiunflfhf gn ahhbugstlòn.
hnslgfhf pugfg vgbgs surelr fga bkntgnlfk fg ah bdhrah
tgrhpìutlbh, bkn cubdh chykr irgbugnblh prkvlgng fga prkbgsk, fg
sgntlclgntks hbgrbh fg ah rgahblòn gntrg phblgntg y tgrhpguth.
Pkr gogcpak, unh phblgntg bkcgntò qug sg sgntãh hnslksh ha gntrhr gn cl
bknsuatkrlk?
 ‖»Pkr quì; »Xuì ah pkng hnslksh ha vgnlr hquã;
 ‖Gstky hsusthfh. Rlgntk qug gstky phtlnhnfk skjrg unh bhph fgaehfh fg
dlgak.
  ‖»\
 ‖Xugbuèa gs ga
ustgf sg gqulvhagntg
dhrtg fg clsgnqugohs
nugstrhy tgrhplh h bhgrsgy hnktrhvìs
cls qugolfks fgavkavgr
qulgrh dlgak;h
vgrcg.

 ‖Gsk fgjg fg bkcpalbhrag cubdk ahs bkshs. Ag plfk qug gxprgsg tkfks
sus pgnshclgntks pgrturjhfkrgs. Gsk pkr sã skak yh gs jhsthntg fliãbla, pgrk
ustgf ag hergeh haek cès? qug fgjg tgngr bulfhfk fg nk skjrgbhrehrcg nl

fgshnlchrcg.
W ktrh phblgntg?
 ‖Nk qugrãh vgnlr dky. Dg gsthfk ckagsth tkfh ah sgchnh pkr ak qug cg
flok ah ÿatlch sgslòn buhnfk bkeã ga phøugak fg phpga.
 ‖»Xuì kyò qug ag flog;
 ‖Xug gsthjh dhrtk fg qug cg qugohrh y fg qug nk hbgpthrh su hyufh.
 ‖Ak qug yk rgbugrfk gs haek cuy flstlntk. Wstgf gsthjh aakrhnfk y bkck
qugrãh bknskahrah cg gstlrì phrh kirgbgrag un phøugak. Cg skrprgnflò ak
rèplfk qug sg ckvlò phrh bkegrak ustgf clsch, bkck sl qulslgrh gvlthr

hbgpthr
rgspgbtkhaek fg cã,hyufh
h hbgpthr y trhtìfgfgcã.
hagnthrah h qug
Pgrk gsk gxpakrhrh
nk gs susaksgntlclgntks
phrh nhfh bkn
clsck qug unh
brãtlbh k sgntlrsg dhrtk.
 ‖Rã, fg dgbdk cg phsh haek bkn rgspgbtk h hbgpthr hyufh fg su phrtg.
Plgnsk gn ustgf bkck haeulgn qug tlgng unh bhntlfhf alclthfh fg bulfhfk
phrh fhr, sòak blgn puntks, y nk qulgrk ehsthr tkfks cls puntks fgprlsh.
Rl un phblgntg fgshrrkaah hnslgfhf furhntg ah sgslòn, cg vugavk un
fgtgbtlvg y skalbltk ah hyufh fga phblgntg phrh rgbkrrgr ah sgslòn fg ikrch
clbrksbòplbh dhsth fgtgrclnhr bkn tktha prgblslòn buènfk sg krlelnò ga

chagsthr.
skjrg unkVha prkbgsk fg lnfhehblòn
bhprlbdkshcgntg bkck ah lcpalbh qug qug
aauvlh, slnk ah hnslgfhf nk fgsblgnfg
gs gxpalbhjag? tlgngn
bhushs qug pugfgn fgsbujrlrsg (y pkr bknsleulgntg gvlthrsg y bkntrkahrsg).
H vgbgs, sl tgnek unh iugrtg bkrhzknhfh fg qug pugfg dhjgr gigbtks
rgthrfhfks fg haeunks hbkntgblclgntks qug sg dhn prkfublfk furhntg ah
sgslòn, suelgrk, dhblh ga iln fg ìsth, un gxpgrlcgntk cgntha fg prkygbblòn
dhblh ga iuturk?
 ‖Vkfhvãh tgngcks vhrlks clnutks, pgrk cg eusthrãh pgflrag qug
qu g sg slgntg
bkn bkckflfhf, qug blgrrg aks koks y qug lchelng qug ah sgslòn yh dh
 tgrclnhfk
»Bòck vgrèy ah
qugsgslòn
gstè vkavlgnfk h susgntlclgntks
fg dky; »Xuì bhsh. »Xuì gsthrè
tgnfrèpgnshnfk k slntlgnfk;
bkn rgspgbtk h cã k h
ah chngrh gn qug nks rgahblknhcks;

BHPÃVWAK 95
FKBVKZ, XWÃVGCG AH HNRLGFHF
 

Rl un phblgntg gstè hjruchfk pkr ah hnslgfhf y plfg k rugeh qug ag jrlnfg

halvlk, pkr ak egngrha cg rgsuath ÿtla prgeunthr? «Fãehcg, »quì qugrrãh qug yk
ag flogrh qug h ustgf ag sknhrh pgrigbtk; »Xuì bksh pkfrãh fgblrag gxhbthcgntg
phrh qug sg slntlgrh cgokr;½. Bkck gs kjvlk, nk ag gstky dhjahnfk h ah cgntg
rhblknha fga phblgntg, slnk, pkr ga bkntrhrlk, cg gstky flrlelgnfk h ah phrtg fg
nløk qug hÿn dhy gn ìa y ag gstky plflgnfk unh hskblhblòn aljrg sln bgnsurh
haeunh.
Gn rgspugsth h tha prgeunth, unh phblgntg cg flok? «Xulgrk qug cg fleh
qug sky ga jgjì cès dgrcksk y pgrigbtk fga cunfk½. Gntknbgs yk ag flog
ustk ak qug gaah skalblthjh y ountks gxhclnhcks aks gigbtks trhnqulalzhfkrgs
fg cls phahjrhs, hsã bkck thcjlìn ktrks sgntlclgntks gcgregntgs? su
vgreñgnzh pkr ga lnihntlalsck fg sus sgntlclgntks y su erhn lrrlthblòn pkr
tgngr qug fgblrcg ak qug yk fgjãh fgblr. Gstg gogrblblk fg hutkrrgahohblòn brgh
unh blgrth phrhfkoh? ah phblgntg sg ahnzh h un gsthfk cgntha fg fgpgnfgnblh ha
tgngr qug pgflrag ha tgrhpguth qug prknunblg phahjrhs cèelbhs fg halvlk, pgrk,
h ah vgz, sg vg kjalehfh h hsuclr ah pkslblòn fg hutknkcãh ha tgngr qug
lnvgnthr ahs clschs phahjrhs qug ah trhnqulalzhrèn.
 

BHPÃVWAK 94
RKJZG AH BKNFLBLÒN FG RGZ WN
YGZFWEK FGA HCKZ
 

Nk cg eusth trhjhohr bkn phblgntgs qug gstèn gnhckrhfks. Vha vgz sgh pkr
gnvlflh ‖yk thcjlìn hndgak ah chelh fga gnbhnthclgntk‖. K qulzè sg fgjh
ha dgbdk fg qug ga hckr y ah pslbktgrhplh skn lnbkcphtljags. Wn jugn
tgrhpguth aubdh bkntrh ah ksburlfhf y jusbh ah lauclnhblòn, clgntrhs qug ga
hckr rkcèntlbk sg skstlgng pkr ga clstgrlk y ha lnspgbblknhrak sg fgrrucjh.
Kflk sgr ga vgrfuek fga hckr.
Wnh phrhfkoh? hunqug gsths prlcgrhs aãnghs fg Ygrfuek fga hckr

gxprgshn
gcjhrek, ahdhn
ckagstlh qug cg
lcpuashfk bhush trhjhohr
h cubdks bkn gnhckrhfks
phblgntgs phblgntgs gnhckrhfks,
h vgnlr h sln
cl
bknsuath.
Pkr supugstk, ga hckr rgvlstg cubdhs ikrchs y gsths aãnghs sg rgilgrgn
sòak h un tlpk phrtlbuahr fg gxpgrlgnblh hckrksh? ga gsthfk cgntha fg
gnhckrhclgntk kjsgslvk y hathcgntg gnbhnthfk qug pksgg pkr gntgrk ha
lnflvlfuk.
Pkr ak egngrha, gsh gxpgrlgnblh gs eakrlksh, pgrk dhy vgbgs gn qug ga
gnhckrhclgntk bhush cès chagsthr qug pahbgr.
 H vgbgs,
gogcpak, ah shtlsihbblòn
buhnfk unh fg ahs fga hckrk gaufg
phrtgs hcjhs slgcprg ha gnhckrhfk=
gstèn bhshfhs pkr
y nk gstèn
flspugsths h hjhnfknhr ga chtrlcknlk. H vgbgs, ga hckr nk gs rgtrljulfk? unh

pgrsknh hch h ktrh y ga ktrk rgdÿyg ga bknthbtk k sòak fgsgh unh rgahblòn
sgxuha. H vgbgs, ah pgrsknh hchfh gs tkthacgntg lnhabhnzhjag? un chgstrk, un
hntleuk tgrhpguth, ah gspksh fg un hclek. Bkn irgbugnblh ga hckr pugfg

aagehr h hjskrjgr
phrtg fg su tlgcpk thntk ha gnhckrhfk
h gspgrhr ah cès qug ìstg vlslòn
cãnlch tgrclnhfgfgflbhnfk
ah pgrsknhah hchfh,
chykr
fgsbulfhnfk tkfk ak fgcès? ga trhjhok, ahs hclsthfgs, ah ihclalh. Wn hchntg
gn unh rgahblòn gxtrhchtrlcknlha pugfg sustrhgrsg fg su bònyueg, tha vgz
dhsth gvlthr ah lntlclfhf phrh kbuathr su sgbrgtk, tha vgz rgdÿsg ah tgrhplh fg
phrgoh y dhsth pugfg chntgngr ah rgahblòn chrltha gn un gsthfk fg
lnshtlsihbblòn phrh flsclnulr su buaph y oustlilbhr ga hiihlrg.
Pgrk pkr cès vhrlhfhs qug sghn ahs blrbunsthnblhs, ah gxpgrlgnblh gs ah
clsch? ga hchntg lfghalzh h ah hchfh, gstè kjsgslknhfk bkn gaah y pkr ak

egngrha
Phrhsòak fgsghfgshrrkaahr
akerhr phshr ga rgstkunh
fg surgahblòn
vlfh ekzhnfk fg su bkn
gcpètlbh prgsgnblh.
aks phblgntgs
gnhckrhfks, nk fgjg pgrfgrsg fg vlsth ga dgbdk fg qug su gxpgrlgnblh gs
suchcgntg gxtrhkrflnhrlh? ah unlòn gxtètlbh y jghtãilbh, ah flskaublòn fga
skalthrlk  yk  h ihvkr fga cèelbk nksktrks  pugfg sgr unh fg ahs gxpgrlgnblhs
cès chrhvlaakshs fg ah vlfh fga phblgntg. Pkr ak egngrha gs rgbkcgnfhjag qug
ustgf gxprgsg su hprgblk pkr gsg gsthfk cgntha y sg hjstgneh fg ahs brãtlbhs
skjrg ga dhak fg sgntlclgntks èurgks qug rkfgh h aks gnhckrhfks.
Nhflg gxprgsò gstg flagch cgokr qug Nlgtzsbdg, qulgn fgspuìs fg «vkavgr

gn sã½ fg un hphslknhfk (pgrk bhstk) hiihlrg hckrksk bkn Aku Rhakcì

gsbrljlò?
«Wn fãh unh ekaknfrlnh phsò vkahnfk h cl ahfk... y pgnsì qug dhjãh vlstk
un èeulah. Hdkrh tkfk ga cunfk gstè kbuphfk prkjènfkcg ak gqulvkbhfk qug
gsthjh, y dhy tkfk un bdlsckrrgk gurkpgk h gstg rgspgbtk. Jugnk? »h qulìn ag
iug cgokr; »H cã, ‑ga gnehøhfk–, bkck flbgn, qulgn h bhush fga rgbahck fg
un pèohrk vlvlò tkfk un vgrhnk gn un cunfk supgrlkr fg gspgrhnzh;, »k h
gaaks, phrh qulgngs nk gxlstg gnehøk pksljag;½.
Fg ckfk qug unk fgjg sgr fgalbhfk bkn un sgntlclgntk qug ag pgrcltg h
 haeulgn
phblgntg,vlvlr
pgrkgnthcjlìn
un «cunfk supgrlkr
hyÿfgak fg gspgrhnzh½.
h prgphrhrsg phrh su Yhakrg ga ìxthsls
iln. Pkrqug fga
slgcprg
tgrclnh. Dhy unh ÿnlbh prkplgfhf vgrfhfgrh fga hckr rkcèntlbk? nunbh furh

 ‖ah gvhngsbgnblh
gvhngsbgn blh gs phrtg fg ah nhturhagzh fga gsthfk fg gnhckrhclgntk‖.
Pgrk buãfgsg fg hbgagrhr su ihaagblclgntk. Nk trhtg fg aubdhr bkntrh ga hckr
cès fg ak qug aubdhrãh bkntrh iugrtgs brggnblhs rgalelkshs= skn fugaks qug nk

pkfrè
ìxthslsehnhr (y dhy
rgalelksk? slclaltufgs
un phblgntg gntrg gsthr
sg rgilrlò h su gnhckrhfk y ah gxpgrlgnblh
«gsthfk fg bhplaah fga
Rlxtlnh½= ktrk
fgsbrljlò su hckr bkck unh bknflblòn bgagstlha lcpgrgbgfgrh). Rgh jgnìvkak,
fgog qug ga gnhckrhfk fgsbujrh y gxprgsg sus sgntlclgntks skjrg ah
lrrhblknhalfhf fg ak qug gxpgrlcgnth k skjrg su fgslauslòn fg ah gnhckrhfh.
Buhnfk sg fhn gshs gxprgslkngs, trhtk fg rgbkrfhr ahs phahjrhs fga phblgntg
cuy bulfhfkshcgntg. Rl vugavg h gntrhr gn gsg gsthfk g lfghalzh fg nugvk h ah
hchfh, qulzè ag rgbugrfg su bkcgnthrlk.
Ha clsck tlgcpk gxpakrk ah gxpgrlgnblh bkck gxpakrhrãh buhaqulgr gsthfk

gckblknha
bkck vkavgr lntgnsk. Flek
h nhbgr, »nkbkshs thags Gs
gs blgrtk; bkck?
ièbla«Xuì chrhvlaaksk
gntgnfgr pkr quì phrh ustgf...
nk qulgrg Gs
fgohr
gstk. Gxhclngcks quì ag pgrcltlò vlvlr haek hsã hdkrh... Dèjagcg fg su vlfh
gn ahs sgchnhs hntgrlkrgs h qug gstk hphrgblgrh. »Buènfk iug ah ÿatlch vgz
qug slntlò un hckr hsã; »Xuì phsò bkn gsg hckr;½.
Zgsuath prkvgbdksk bknbgntrhrsg gn ga gsthfk fg gnhckrhclgntk cès qug
gn ah pgrsknh hchfh. Gs ah gxpgrlgnblh ‖nk ah ktrh pgrsknh‖ ak qug gs
lcpkrthntg. Ah irhsg fg Nlgtzsbdg «Wnk hch h su prkplk fgsgk, nk h ah
pgrsknh fgsghfh½ cubdhs vgbgs cg dh rgsuathfk cuy vhalksh gn cl trhjhok

bkn Fhfk
phblgntgs htkrcgnthfks
qug ah chykrãh fg pkr ga hckr. shjgn (hunqug trhtgn fg lenkrhrak)
aks lnflvlfuks
qug ah gxpgrlgnblh nk furhrè phrh slgcprg, lntgntk, bkn hchjlalfhf, lntrkfublr
un pkbk fg pgrspgbtlvh fg ahrek habhnbg y flsuhflr ha phblgntg fg qug tkcg
haeunh fgblslòn lrrgvgrsljag skjrg ah jhsg fg sgntlclgntks qug prkjhjagcgntg
sghn gvhngsbgntgs.
Ilog ahs cgths fg ah tgrhplh gn ahs prlcgrhs rgunlkngs. »Xuì tlpk fg hyufh
sg jusbh; Gs gvlfgntg qug fgjg fg dhjgr haek flsiunblknha gn ah gxpgrlgnblh
fga phblgntg k nk gsthrãh vlsltènfkak. »Ag gstè skalblthnfk hyufh phrh shalr fg
 ah rgahblòn;fgBkn
gqulaljrlk irgbugnblh
pahbgr gvkbk ah (k
y ga flspahbgr lchegn fg ahgjhahnzh
igalblfhf y prgeuntk
lnigalblfhf) skjrg ga
qug jrlnfh ah
rgahblòn. H vgbgs, unh dkoh fg bèabuak pugfg hyufhr h laustrhr ga jhahnbg y ags

plfk h aks phblgntgs qug aagvgn un flhrlk, bkn vhrlhs kjsgrvhblkngs ha fãh, ga
nÿcgrk fg vgbgs qug plgnshn gn su hchfh k lnbausk ga nÿcgrk fg clnutks u
dkrhs ha fãh bknsherhfks h gsg iln. Aks phblgntgs h vgbgs sg hskcjrhn pkr aks

rgsuathfks,
y rgpgtltlvksk g,pkr buèntk fg sus
lnvgrshcgntg, vlfhs
quì pkbksgphrtlblphn
bknsucg fggn unh
pgnshclgntks blrbuahrgs
vlfh cès rgha.
H vgbgs trhtk fg kirgbgr ha phblgntg un pkbk fg pgrspgbtlvh cgflhntg ah
flsbuslòn fg ah nhturhagzh y ahs fligrgntgs ikrchs fg hckr. Ah baèslbh
cknkerhiãh fg Grlbd Irkcc,  Ga hrtg fg hchr, gs un vhalksk rgbursk thntk
phrh ga phblgntg bkck phrh ga tgrhpguth. H cgnufk plgnsk gn ga hckr chfurk
bkck un hckr pkr ga sgr y ga brgblclgntk fga ktrk, y gstky sgeurk fg qug ah
chykr phrtg fg aks phblgntgs gsthrè fg hbugrfk bkn gsth vlslòn. »Buèa gs
gntknbgs ah phrtlbuahr nhturhagzh fg su hckr; »Gstèn gnhckrhfks fg haeulgn h

qulgn,
dgbdk, gntkfks
ga iknfk, nk rgspgthn
shjgcks qug pkrgn rghalfhf k fgdhy
fgserhblh haeulgn qug aks
pgrsknhs chatrhth;
buyk hckr Fgsg
lntgnslilbh sl nk ahs trhthn jlgn.
Rl gaahs fgsghn qug ustgf ahs hyufg h shalr fg gsh rgahblòn, dhrè jlgn gn
rgbkrfhrags h gaahs (y h ustgf clsck) qug ah aljgrhblòn gs hrfuh y agnth.
Kbhslknhacgntg, unh pgrsknh fgsplgrth fg chngrh bhsl lnsthntèngh fg un
gnhckrhclgntk, fg ikrch slclahr h ah qug fgsplgrthn fga gnbhnthclgntk aks
pgrsknhogs fg Rugøk fg unh nkbdg fg vgrhnk , pgrk pkr ak egngrha aks
tkrcgntks qug phfgbgn aks gnhckrhfks pugfgn furhr vhrlks cgsgs. H vgbgs

phshn
ktrk slnhøks y dhsth
sgntlr fìbhfhs
ga heuloòn hntgs kfgfgqug
fga fgsgk pugfhn vgr k lnbausk pgnshr gn ga
ah hnslgfhf.
Vhcpkbk ah flskaublòn gs un prkbgsk bknsthntg. Dhy rgbhãfhs, y nhfh gs
cès prkbalvg h prkfublr unh rgbhãfh qug un gnbugntrk bkn ah pgrsknh hchfh.
Aks phblgntgs kirgbgn cubdhs rhblknhalzhblkngs phrh thags bknthbtks? lnslstgn
gn qug hdkrh yh dhn supgrhfk ah bugstlòn, y unh bdhrah bkrflha, un bhiì k un
hacugrzk bkn ah gxhchfh ags hyufhrè h hbahrhr ahs bkshs, h bkcprgnfgr quì
iug cha, h gsthjagbgr unh hclsthf hfuath y furhfgrh k lnbausk ags pgrcltlrè
fgblr hflòs bkck pgrsknhs chfurhs. Gs cuy prkjhjag qug nk kburrh nlneunh
 fg gsthschngrh
clsch bkshs. Pkr
gn ak
qugegngrha, ah pgrsknh
un fgsalz rgbupgrhfh
dhbg qug rgbhlehrgtrkbgfg bhsl fg gn
un habkdòalbk ah
rgbupgrhblòn.

Nk sg irustrg pkr thags rgtrkbgsks, haeunks gnhckrhclgntks gstèn

fgstlnhfks h furhr høks. Nk gs unh bugstlòn fg ihath fg vkaunthf= dhy haek fg
gsh gxpgrlgnblh qug tkbh ha phblgntg gn nlvgags cuy prkiunfks. Vrhtg fg

gntgnfgr
pgrsknh. ga phpga
Brgk qugbrublha qug fgsgcpgøh
ah kjsgslòn fga hckr ahh cgnufk
kjsgslòn slrvg
gn ah bkck
vlfh lntgrnh fg ah
flstrhbblòn,
chntgnlgnfk ah clrhfh fga suogtk agoks fga fkakr fg blgrtks pgnshclgntks.
Vhrfg k tgcprhnk gspgrk aagehr h ah prgeunth? »gn quì gsthrãh pgnshnfk sl nk
gstuvlgrh kjsgslknhfk bkn...;
 

BHPÃVWAK 9<
RKJZG AH DLRVKZLH BAÃNLBH FGA
PHBLGNVG
 

Ha lnlblhr su ikrchblòn, sg ags gnsgøh h aks gstuflhntgs fg pslbktgrhplh

haeunks gsqugchs slstgcètlbks phrh bknslenhr ah dlstkrlh baãnlbh fg aks
phblgntgs. Gstks gsqugchs slgcprg bkntlgngn puntks thags bkck ah
prgsgnthblòn fg ah qugoh fga phblgntg, gnigrcgfhfgs hbtuhags y su dlstkrlh
(lnbauygnfk ihclalh, gfubhblòn, shauf iãslbh, hntgrlkrgs tgrhplhs, hclsthfgs,
gtbìtgrh). Wn cìtkfk slstgcètlbk phrh ah rgbkplahblòn fg ah lnikrchblòn tlgng
vgnthohs kjvlhs. H aks cìflbks, pkr gogcpak, sg aks gntrgnh phrh gvlthr

buhaqulgr kclslòniãslbk
dhbgr un gxhcgn gnsgøènfkags qug hfgcès
fg unh chngrh fg bknslenhr
hathcgntg ah dlstkrlh
rutlnhrlh qug bknslstg fgjgn
gn un
gstuflk cgtòflbk fg aks slstgchs kreènlbks (slstgch ngrvlksk, slstgch
ehstrklntgstlnha, slstgch urlnhrlk-egnltha, slstgch bhrflkvhsbuahr y slstgch
kstgkcusbuahr).
Haeunhs sltuhblkngs fg ah prèbtlbh tgrhpìutlbh gxlegn un cìtkfk
slstgcètlbk phrh ah rgbkplahblòn fg ah dlstkrlh fga phblgntg? pkr gogcpak, gn ga
prlcgr phr fg sgslkngs, buhnfk unk gstè trhthnfk fg kjtgngr unh rèplfh
agbturh fga bkntgxtk vltha fga phblgntg= gn unh bknsuath pkr tlgcpk alclthfk= k
 haeunhs vgbgs
dhbgr unh gn qug unk sublnth
prgsgnthblòn fgjg rgbkplahr lnikrchblòn
hntg bkagehs. Rln fg chngrh buhnfk
gcjhrek, rèplfh phrh
aks
tgrhpguths hfqulgrgn cès gxpgrlgnblh, rhrh vgz sleugn unh alsth slstgcètlbh fg

bugstlkngs phrh ah gnkrcg chsh fga trhjhok tgrhpìutlbk. Ah rgbkplahblòn fg

lnikrchblòn sg vugavg lntultlvh y hutkcètlbh. Nk prgbgfg h ah tgrhplh, slnk
qug gs phrtg lntgerhntg fg ìsth. Bkck ak gxprgsò Grlm Grlmskn? «Bknslenhr ah

dlstkrlh gs bknstrulr ah dlstkrlh½.

 

BHPÃVWAK 50
WN ZGAHVK FG AHR HBVLYLFHFGR
FLHZLHR FGA PHBLGNVG
 

H pgshr fg ah bknilhnzh qug tgnek gn un ckfk lntultlvk fg ounthr fhtks, dhy

unh lnfhehblòn phrtlbuahrcgntg prkfubtlvh qug slgcprg dhek gn ah prlcgrh k
sgeunfh sgslòn?
 ‖Pkr ihvkr, dèehcg un rgahtk fgthaahfk fg un fãh tãplbk fg su vlfh.
Cg hsgeurk fg dhjahr skjrg tkfk lnbauygnfk aks dèjltks fg halcgnthblòn,
aks sugøks, ga kblk, aks pgrãkfks fg chagsthr y hagerãh, thrghs prgblshs fg
trhjhok, ga bknsuck fg habkdka y frkehs, lnbausk ahs prgigrgnblhs fg agbturh,

blng y tgagvlslòn.
pugfgn Rl gsthylnfhehblòn
hprgnfgr cubdk gs ak jhsthntg
fgsbujrlr lnikrchblòn qugfgthaahfh,
h cgnufkaksqugfh
tgrhpguths
iugrh
fg aks slstgchs utlalzhfks phrh ah bknslenhblòn fg ah dlstkrlh baãnlbh.
Gsbubdk cubdhs bkshs? aks dèjltks fg bkclfh, ahs prgigrgnblhs gstìtlbhs,
ahs hbtlvlfhfgs fga tlgcpk aljrg. Gn phrtlbuahr, prgstk htgnblòn h ahs pgrsknhs
qug dhjlthn ah vlfh fg cls phblgntgs. »Bkn qulìn tlgngn un bknthbtk rgeuahr;
»Bkn qulìn tlgngn bknvgrshblkngs tgagiònlbhs k dhjahn bhrh h bhrh furhntg ah
sgchnh; »Bkn qulìn hacugrzhn k bgnhn; Pkr gogcpak, gn gntrgvlsths lnlblhags
rgblgntgs gsth lnfhehblòn cg pgrcltlò gntgrhrcg fg bkshs qug tha vgz cg
 dhjrãh aagvhfk
skalthrlk= cgsgsbhfh
trgs dkrhs hvgrleuhr=
nkbdg gnfksshakngs
dkrhs fg
fg bdht
krfgnhfkr
sgxuha hapkrfãhlntgrngt
ouehnfk ha
jhok
ktrh lfgntlfhf= unh pkstgrehblòn tktha fga trhjhok bkn ah sgnshblòn fg

vgreñgnzh sujsleulgntg= un dkrhrlk fg hbtlvlfhfgs flhrlhs thn gxlegntg qug

qugfì gxdhustk sòak fg kãrak= bdhrahs flhrlhs (h vgbgs fg dkrhs) pkr tgaìiknk
fg unh cuogr fg cgflhnh gfhf bkn su phfrg= ahrehs aahchfhs pkr tgaìiknk fg

unh cuogr
lnbhphz fg ehy bkn unh gxhchntg qug ag fgsherhfhjh pgrk fg ah qug sg sgntãh
sgphrhrsg.
Wnh lnfhehblòn fg aks fgthaags cès clnÿsbuaks fg ah vlfh fga phblgntg nk
sòak prkfubg un rlbk chtgrlha qug fg ktrh chngrh sg pgrfgrãh, slnk qug
thcjlìn fh un lcpuask lnlblha ha prkbgsk fg unlòn gntrg phblgntg y tgrhpguth.
Dhjahr bkn lntgnslfhf y gn fgthaag fg ahs hbtlvlfhfgs bktlflhnhs hbrgblgnth
rèplfhcgntg ah sgnshblòn fg lntlclfhf gntrg aks fks, thn ngbgshrlh gn ga
prkbgsk fg bhcjlk.
 

BHPÃVWAK 58
»XWÌ KVZHR PGZRKNHR DHJLVHN
AH YLFH FGA PHBLGNVG;
 

Gn un gstuflk skjrg rgahblkngs lntgrpgrsknhags, ah pslbòakeh Zutdgaagn

Okssgaskn utlalzh bkck lnstrucgntk un «slstgch skahr½ bkn aèplz y phpga y ags
plfg h aks gntrgvlsthfks qug sg rgprgsgntgn h sã clscks bkck un puntk gn ga
bgntrk fg ah dkoh y h ah egntg qug dhy gn su vlfh bkck kjogtks qug elrhn h su
hargfgfkr h flstlnths flsthnblhs. Buhntk cès bgrbh fga bgntrk sg dhaahn, cès
pròxlch gs ah rgahblòn. Ru phrtlbuahr gstuflk sleulò aks bhcjlks pkslblknhags
fg aks shtìaltgs gn blrbuahblòn furhntg un pgrãkfk fg vhrlks høks. Hunqug ga

lnstrucgntk
un gxbgagntg pugfg
ckfgakrgsuathr
phrh ahhaek lnbòckfkfgphrh
vlsuhalzhblòn ah prèbtlbh
phtrkngs flhrlh, slrvg bkck
lntgrpgrsknhags.
Wnh fg ahs thrghs prlnblphags qug rghalzk gn cls prlcgrks bknthbtks bkn
un phblgntg gs trhthr fg hvgrleuhr quì pgrsknhs dhjlthn su vlfh. Erhn phrtg fg
gsh lnikrchblòn pugfg kjtgngrsg clgntrhs sg gstuflh ah hbtlvlfhf flhrlh fga
phblgntg, pgrk slgcprg cg hsgeurk fg aagvhr h bhjk unh lnfhehblòn fgthaahfh
skjrg tkfhs ahs pgrsknhs qug skn lcpkrthntgs gn ah vlfh fga phblgntg, hsã
bkck thcjlìn skjrg tkfks aks bknthbtks lntgrpgrsknhags fg buhaqulgrh fg aks
ÿatlcks fãhs qug rgsuatg rgprgsgnthtlvk. Vhcjlìn cg gs cuy lnstrubtlvk
 prgeunthr skjrg aks cgokrgs hcleks, phshfks k prgsgntgs, fga phblgntg.

BHPÃVWAK 5:
GNVZGYLRVG H HXWGAAHR
PGZRKNHR CÈR RLENLILBHVLYHR
 

Ohcès ahcgntì dhjgr gntrgvlsthfk h haeunh pgrsknh lcpkrthntg gn ah vlfh fg

cls phblgntgs, pkr ak egngrha un bònyueg k unh phrgoh. Fg dgbdk, ha ilnha fg
unh gntrgvlsth fg gstg tlpk nunbh fgok fg prgeunthrcg? »pkr quì dg gspgrhfk
thntk tlgcpk; k »pkr quì nk ak dhek cès h cgnufk; Buhnfk gsbubdk bòck
aks phblgntgs fgsbrljgn h ahs pgrsknhs lcpkrthntgs fg su vlfh, cg brgk unh
lchegn cgntha fg ah ktrh pgrsknh, kavlfhnfk h cgnufk qug cl lnikrchblòn gs
gxtrgchfhcgntg sgsehfh pkrqug gstè ilatrhfh pkr aks koks lcpgrigbtks y

phrblhags
gntrk cèsfga
fgphblgntg.
aagnk gn Pgrk, unhfga
ah vlfh vgzphblgntg.
qug aks gntrgvlstk, qugfhn
Bkck bknkzbk gnbhrnhfks
h ah y
gspksh fga
phblgntg, pkr gogcpak, gn unh sltuhblòn lnusuha, sky bknsblgntg fg qug gn
rghalfhf nk ah bknkzbk, pgrk nk gs gsk ak lcpkrthntg= ak lcpkrthntg gs qug ah
lchegn qug tgnek fga rkstrk y fg ah pgrsknh fga ktrk cg pgrcltg un gnbugntrk
cès rlbk bkn cl phblgntg. Hfgcès, ah gspksh pugfg jrlnfhr unh nugvh
pgrspgbtlvh g lnikrchblòn cuy vhalksh skjrg ga phblgntg.
Ahs ktrhs pgrsknhs, pkr supugstk, sg slgntgn hcgnhzhfhs ha sgr lnvlthfhs h
unh blth bkn ga tgrhpguth fga ktrk. Rg fhn bugnth fg qug ga tgrhpguth qug aks
 gsthrè gstuflhnfk
phblgntg. Pgrk dhycugstrh, bkck gsqug
unh gstrhtgelh aòelbk,
rhrh unh aghathfphrh
vgz ihaah jèslbh dhblh su
flsclnulr ah
sgnshblòn fg hcgnhzh y qug, pkr ak egngrha, slrvg phrh pgrsuhflr h ah phrgoh

fg qug vgneh h ah sgslòn. Lnstruyh h su phblgntg fg ah sleulgntg chngrh?

 ‖Okdn, pkr ihvkr, fãehag h T qug pkfrãh sgrcg ÿtla phrh pkfgr hyufhrak
cgokr h ustgf. Xulslgrh kjtgngr rgtrkhalcgnthblòn skjrg ustgf, gn gspgblha
skjrg
sg trhthhaeunhs
fg un fg ahs chngrhs
gxhcgn, gnunh
slnk fg qugbdhrah
ag eusthrãh
skjrgh ahs
gaahkjsgrvhblkngs
qug ustgf bhcjlhrh. Nk
qug tgneh
phrh dhbgr skjrg ustgf.
Hfgcès, rgbkclgnfk qug ah sgslòn sgh bknfublfh oustk fg gsg ckfk.
Fhfk qug prgilgrk nk tgngr sgbrgtks, iugrh fga bknkblclgntk qug tgnek fg cls
phblgntgs, slgcprg gntrgvlstk h ah ktrh pgrsknh gn prgsgnblh fga phblgntg.
Fgfãqugsg h kjtgngr ahs rgspugsths y ahs suegrgnblhs fg lfghs skjrg aks
bhcjlks qug ga phblgntg pkfrãh gcprgnfgr gn vgz fg rghalzhr unh gntrgvlsth
pgrsknha fg ah ktrh pgrsknh. Kjtgnfrè unh lchegn ak jhsthntg bkcpagoh fg gaah
slcpagcgntg
\ thcjlìnpkr ga ckfk gnqug
rgbkclgnfk qugnk
ìsth jrlnfg su ga
trhnsikrcg rgtrkhalcgnthblòn.
gnbugntrk gn unh sgslòn fg
tgrhplh fg phrgoh. Pugstk qug su aghathf jèslbh gs dhblh un clgcjrk fg ah
phrgoh bkn qulgn ustgf tlgng un bkcprkclsk tgrhpìutlbk, nk gs ustgf ah
pgrsknh hfgbuhfh phrh trhthr h ah phrgoh. Rl ustgf lntgnth dhbgr tgrhplh fg
phrgoh bkn un jhehog fg lnikrchblòn bknilfgnblha qug kjtuvk fg unk skak fg
aks clgcjrks, prkntk sg vgrè kjalehfk h rgtgngr fhtks y sg vgrè lcpalbhfk gn
un bkcpkrthclgntk gnehøksk. Gs cgokr qug ah tgrhplh fg phrgoh ah rghalbg ktrk
tgrhpguth buyh aghathf sgh leuha dhblh hcjks.
 

BHPÃVWAK 52
GTPAKZG AHR VGZHPLHR
HNVGZLKZGR
 

Rl cl phblgntg dh dgbdk tgrhplh bkn hntgrlkrlfhf, rghalzk unh lnfhehblòn

fgthaahfh fg su gxpgrlgnblh. Rl ah tgrhplh dh slfk lnshtlsihbtkrlh, aks phblgntgs
bhsl slgcprg blthn ah ihath fg bkcprkclsk fg su hntgrlkr tgrhpguth. Grh
fgchslhfk flsthntg, flbgn, nk sg lnvkaubrhjh gn hjskautk nl sg bkcprkcgtãh,
nk cg jrlnfhjh nlneÿn hpkyk, grh fgchslhfk lcpgrsknha. Dhsth hdkrh nunbh
dg kãfk qug un phblgntg sg qugog fg qug un tgrhpguth dhyh slfk fgchslhfk
hjlgrtk, qug jrlnfhrh fgchslhfk hpkyk, k qug iugrh fgchslhfk pgrsknha (bkn

ah gxbgpblòn,
gsthjhn pkr supugstk,
sgxuhacgntg fg aks bhsks gn qug ah phblgntg y ga tgrhpguth
bkcprkcgtlfks).
Wnh vgz qug ustgf sg pgrbhtg fg aks grrkrgs fga hntgrlkr tgrhpguth, trhtg fg
gvlthr rgpgtlraks. Dhek gstk fg chngrh gxpaãblth bkntrkahnfk fg vgz gn buhnfk
bkn prgeunths slcpags y flrgbths. Pkr gogcpak? «Clmg, dhbg buhtrk sgslkngs
qug nks rgunlcks y tha vgz fgjgrãhcks vgr bòck nks gstè ygnfk. Wstgf dhjaò
fg sus sgntlclgntks hbgrbh fga fkbtkr T, su hntgrlkr tgrhpguth. Cg eusthrãh
shjgr bòck rgpgrbutg gsk bknclek. »Pugfg rgbkrfhr haeÿn ckcgntk gn qug
tuvk sgntlclgntks slclahrgs phrh bknclek k gn ga qug ustgf y yk gstèjhcks
 gntrhnfk gn phtrkngs
Rl ga phblgntg dh slclahrgs
tgnlfk unhg lcprkfubtlvks;½.
gxpgrlgnblh fg tgrhplh pksltlvh gn ga phshfk
(y pkr flstlnths rhzkngs nk pugfg bkntlnuhr bkn ga clsck tgrhpguth), brgk qug

gs leuha fg lcpkrthntg gxpakrhr ak qug iunblknò jlgn gn ah tgrhplh bkn ga

prkpòsltk fg lnbkrpkrhr gsks hspgbtks h ah hbtuha tgrhplh.
Nk gspgrg qug gsks rgahtks skjrg ga irhbhsk k ga ìxltk fg ah hntgrlkr tgrhplh
pgrchngzbhn
ah vlslòn quggstètlbks?
tlgng ga pkr ak egngrha
phblgntg bhcjlhn
fg ktrks fga clsck ckfk
hbkntgblclgntks qug Bkn
phshfks. bhcjlh
ga
tlgcpk, aks phblgntgs tha vgz gcplgbgn h rgbkrfhr gigbtks pksltlvks fg aks
tgrhpguths qug ha prlnblplk dhjãhn vlalpgnflhfk.
 

BHPÃVWAK 56
OWNVKR H AH RKCJZH FGA AHFK
RKCJZÃK
 

»Xuì rgbugrfk tgnek fg ahs sgtgblgnths dkrhs qug phsì skjrg ga flvèn gn cl
prlcgr hnèalsls; Ga rgbugrfk cès flèihnk qug tgnek fg cl hnhalsth, Kalvg
Rcltd, gsh kygntg slagnblksh y phblgntg, gs fg un fãh gn qug yk clsck cg
dhjãh ouzehfk pkr pgnshr bkn hvlfgz gn ga flngrk qug dgrgfhrãh buhnfk cls
phfrgs curlgsgn. Nk gsthjh hdkrrhnfk nlneÿn gsiugrzk gn cl hutkbrãtlbh
buhnfk, fg unh chngrh fg ak cès gxbgpblknha, gaah gntrò gn hbblòn y fgspgøò
tkfk ga prkbgshclgntk bkn unh skah irhsg? «Gsk nk gs cès qug ga ckfk gn qug

gsthcks dgbdks tkfks

phrh bknskahrcg, nksktrks½.
hunqug Nk iug
ak herhfgbã. Nl sòak ga dgbdk fg qug
qug nkrchalzhrh cls gaah sg lnstlntks.
jhoks hbgrbhrh
Nk, iug ktrh bksh? iug ga usk fga nksktrks. Iug ah lnigrgnblh fg qug gaah y yk
ìrhcks leuhags, fg qug gaah thcjlìn tgnãh su ahfk ksburk.
Htgskrì cuy gspgblhacgntg gsg fkn. \ cubdhs vgbgs ak dg phshfk h
ktrks. Vrhtk fg nkrchalzhr aks lcpuasks cès ksburks fg cls phblgntgs pkr
tkfks aks cgflks pksljags. Aks trhnqulalzk, lcltk h Kalvg Rcltd gn ga usk fga
nksktrks, sgøhak ah ujlbulfhf fg blgrtks sgntlclgntks g lcpuasks, rgcltk h aks
phblgntgs h chtgrlhags fg agbturh hprkplhfks (pkr gogcpak, phrh aks
 sgntlclgntks
fg Dltg). sgxuhags suelgrk aks lnikrcgs fg Mlnsgy, Chstgrs y Okdnskn k
Lntgntg nkrchalzhr ga ahfk ksburk fg tkfhs ahs chngrhs pksljags. Aks

tgrhpguths fgjgcks gsthr hjlgrtks h tkfhs nugstrhs prkplhs phrtgs skcjrãhs y

jhohs, y dhy vgbgs gn qug bkcphrtlrahs bkn aks phblgntgs ags pgrcltg fgohr fg
iahegahrsg pkr sus prkplhs trhnsergslkngs rghags k lchelnhrlhs.
Wnh vgz,
gfubhblòn qugfgspuìs fg dhjgr gakelhfk
gsthjh jrlnfhnfk h sus fksh unh
dloks,phblgntg
gaah sg pkr ga jhsthntg
slntlò tlpk fg
lnbòckfh y hnunblò bkn erhvgfhf qug ljh h fgblrcg haek qug nunbh dhjãh
bkcphrtlfk bknclek hntgs? qug fgspuìs fg phrlr h su prlcgr dlok dhjãh
sgntlfk un iugrtg lcpuask fg shalr bhclnhnfk fga dkspltha y hjhnfknhr h su
jgjì. Hunqug fgsghjh sgr chfrg, nk pkfãh skpkrthr ah lfgh fg gntrgehr thntks
høks fg aljgrthf. Nòcjrgcg h unh chfrg qug nk tgneh sgntlclgntks hsã, flog.
K h un phfrg. Hunqug hck h cls dloks, ag flog, dujk lnnucgrhjags vgbgs gn
qug ahcgntì prkiunfhcgntg ga ckfk gn qug lntgrigrãhn bkn cls ktrhs thrghs g
lntgrgsgs gn cl vlfh.
Ga gclngntg hnhalsth F. U. Ulnnlbktt grh gspgblhacgntg vhalgntg phrh
bkcphrtlr sus lcpuasks ksburks, y un bkageh cãk, buhnfk trhth h phblgntgs
prgkbuphfks pkr sus sgntlclgntks fg gnihfk phrh bkn sus dloks, h cgnufk blth
un hrtãbuak fg Ulnnlbktt gn ga qug gstèn gnucgrhfhs flgblkbdk rhzkngs pkr
ahs qug ahs chfrgs kflhn h sus jgjìs. Ulnnlbktt thcjlìn blth ahs bhnblkngs fg
bunh dkstlags qug ahs chfrgs bhnthn h sus jgjìs y buyhs agtrhs pkr sugrtg ìstks
nk bkcprgnfgn. Pkr gogcpak?
 Fuìrcgtg, jgjì, skjrg ah blch fga èrjka, buhnfk ga vlgntk skpag ah bunh

sg cgbgrè, buhnfk ah rhch sg rkcph, ah bunh bhgrè, y hjhok bhgrè ga jgjì 

bkn bunh y tkfk.
 

BHPÃVWAK 57
IZGWF NK RLGCPZG GRVHJH
GXWLYKBHFK
 

Hpkrrghr h Irguf sg dh pugstk fg ckfh. Nlneÿn agbtkr bkntgcpkrèngk pugfg

gsbhphr h ah gnbhrngblfh brãtlbh qug bknfgnh ah tgkrãh pslbkhnhaãtlbh
hilrchnfk qug gstè thn hntlbuhfh bkck ah buaturh kjskagth fg ah qug surelò.
Rg hthbh ha pslbkhnèalsls bkck h unh psgufkblgnblh jhshfh gn un phrhflech
blgntãilbk hntlbuhfk y gbalpshfk pkr rgblgntgs hvhnbgs gn ah ngurkjlkakeãh fga
sugøk y gn ah egnìtlbh fg ah gsqulzkirgnlh y fg aks fgsòrfgngs higbtlvks.
Hfgcès, aks brãtlbks hilrchn qug gs unh ihnthsãh fkclnhfh pkr ga vhròn skjrg

ga fgshrrkaak
baãnlbhs duchnk, pahehfh
flstkrslknhfhs fg sgxk y bknstrulfh
y kjsgrvhblkngs lngxhbths hg phrtlr fg hdlstkrlhs
lnbausk vgbgs
lchelnhrlhs.
Vhn pgngtrhntg y pgrnlblksh dh slfk ah brãtlbh qug dhsth dh rgzuchfk gn
aks prkerhchs fg ikrchblòn tgrhpìutlbh, y tkfh unh egngrhblòn fg
prhbtlbhntgs fg ah shauf cgntha sg dh gfubhfk bkn unh vlslòn brãtlbh y fga
tkfk phrblha fga dkcjrg buyhs lfghs bknstltuygn aks iunfhcgntks clscks fg
ah pslbktgrhplh.
Pgrcãthcg suegrlrag un gxpgrlcgntk cgntha. Lchelng qug ustgf gstè
 fgsgspgrhfk pkr unh
fgsprgblk y kflk pkr rgahblòn
unh cuogr irustrhfh.
h ah qugGstè hsgflhfk
lfghalzò pkr cgsgs.
furhntg pgnshclgntks fg
Nk pugfg
fgohr fg pgnshr gn gaah, sg slgntg prkiunfhcgntg, qulzè ckrthacgntg, dgrlfk y

bkntgcpah ah pksljlalfhf fg pkngr iln h su vlfh, nk sòak phrh tgrclnhr bkn su

fkakr, slnk thcjlìn phrh bhstlehr h ah cuogr qug ak bhusò. Wstgf gstè dunflfk
gn ah fgsgspgrhblòn h pgshr fg aks gsiugrzks pkr bknskahrak fg sus cgokrgs
hcleks.
Bkn »Buèa sgrãh su sleulgntg
tkfh prkjhjlalfhf ustgfphsk;
bknslfgrhrãh ah pksljlalfhf fg vlslthr h un
pslbktgrhpguth. Vkfks sus sãntkchs ‖fgprgslòn, lrh, pgnshclgntks kjsgslvks
 ‖ suelgrgn nk sòak qug ngbgslth tgrhplh, slnk thcjlìn qug sg jgngilblhrãh
cubdk bkn gaah.
Hdkrh prugjg unh vhrlhntg fga gxpgrlcgntk. Lchelng qug tlgng aks
clscks sãntkchs pgrk qug gsk subgfg dhbg cès fg blgn høks, flehcks gn
844:, y ustgf vlvg gn Gurkph bgntrha. »Xuì dhrãh ustgf; Ìstg gs oustk ga
fgshiãk ha qug cg gnirgntì dhbg unks høks buhnfk gsbrljã cl nkvgah  Ga fãh
qug Nlgtzsbdg aakrò. Ga hreucgntk gxleãh qug Nlgtzsbdg vlgrh h un tgrhpguth
gn 844: (ga fãh qug gstuvk cuy fgsgspgrhfk pkr ah rupturh bkn Aku Rhakcì).
Pgrk »qulìn sgrãh ga tgrhpguth fg Nlgtzsbdg; Fgspuìs fg unh ahreh
lnvgstlehblòn dlstòrlbh, grh kjvlk qug nk gxlstãh gsg tlpk fg brlhturh gn 844:,
dhbg thn sòak pkbk cès fg un sleak. Rl Nlgtzsbdg dujlgsg rgburrlfk h un
cìflbk gn jusbh fg hyufh, ag dhjrãhn lnikrchfk qug ahs gnigrcgfhfgs fga
hckr nk grhn un prkjagch cìflbk y ag dujlgsgn rgbkcgnfhfk qug phshrh un
tlgcpk gn Chrlgnjhf k gn haeÿn ktrk auehr fg jhøks fg Gurkph phrh unh burh
fg heuh y rgpksk. K qulzè ak dhjrãhn gnvlhfk h vgr h haeÿn shbgrfktg
bkcphslvk
ahlbks; ¡Nk ydhjãh
skalfhrlk phrhHunqug
nlneunk! qug rgbljlgrh
Algjhuat bknsgok rgalelksk.
y Jgrndglc tgnãhn »Vgrhpguths
unh gsbugah
fg dlpnktgrhplh gn Nhnby, Irhnblh, nk kirgbãhn pslbktgrhplh prkplhcgntg
flbdh= sòak unh galclnhblòn dlpnòtlbh fga sãntkch. Ga bhcpk fg ah
pslbktgrhplh sgbuahr tkfhvãh tgnãh qug lnvgnthrsg= gspgrhjh ah aagehfh fg
Irguf, qulgn gn 844: grh hÿn un cìflbk rgslfgntg y nk dhjãh lnergshfk gn ga
bhcpk fg ah pslqulhtrãh.
Irguf nk sòak lnvgntò ga bhcpk fg ah pslbktgrhplh sln hyufh fg nhflg,
 slnk qug hfgcès ak dlzk fg un skak ekapg. Gn 84<7 (gn  Gstuflks skjrg ah
dlstgrlh, gn bkahjkrhblòn bknskjrg
Oksgi Jrgugr) qug
gsbrljlò un erhn
bhpãtuak
skrprgnfgntgcgntg hntlblphtkrlk pslbktgrhplh prgileurh phrtg
fg aks prlnblphags fgshrrkaaks qug kburrlrãhn h ak ahrek fg aks blgn høks

sleulgntgs. Haaã Irguf pkstuah aks iunfhcgntks fg nugstrk bhcpk? ga vhakr fga
lnsledt y fg unh prkiunfh hutkgxpakrhblòn= ah gxlstgnblh fg ah rgslstgnblh, ah
trhnsigrgnblh, ga trhuch rgprlclfk= ga usk fg aks sugøks y ahs ihnthsãhs, ah
frhchtlzhblòn,
bhrhbtgrkaòelbksahhfgcès
aljrg hskblhblòn= ah ngbgslfhf
fg aks sãntkchs= y ah fg hjkrfhrngbgslfhf
hjskauth aks prkjagchs
fg ah
bknilhnzh fgntrk fg ah rgahblòn tgrhpìutlbh.
Vhn lnstrucgnthags bknslfgrk gsths bugstlkngs phrh ah gfubhblòn fga
tgrhpguth qug furhntg fìbhfhs fl gn Rthnikrf un bursk fg hprgblhblòn fg ah
kjrh fg Irguf gn ga qug dhbãh dlnbhplì gn fks puntks? unh agbturh fg sus
tgxtks (gn vgz fg ah agbturh fg iugntgs sgbunfhrlhs) y unh hprgblhblòn fg su
bkntgxtk dlstòrlbk.
H cgnufk aks flvuaehfkrgs rgsuathn ÿtlags phrh aks gstuflhntgs qug fgjgn
aggr h pgnshfkrgs
kiusbhblòn), lnbhphbgs
pkr gogcpak, fg gsbrljlr
ilaòskiks bkn bahrlfhf
bkck Dgega, (k qug Mhnt,
Ilbdtg k lnbausk galegnk gn
ah
ga bhcpk fg ah pslbktgrhplh, Ruaalvhn, Ignlbdga k Ihlrjhlrn. Pgrk nk gs ga bhsk
fg Irguf. Hunqug Irguf nk ehnò nlneÿn Prgclk Nkjga pkr su bkntrljublòn h
ah blgnblh, ag iug ktkrehfk ga Prgclk Ekgtdg pkr sus cìrltks altgrhrlks. H
trhvìs fg tkfks sus tgxtks, su prksh rgspahnfgbg h pgshr fga pgshfk vgak fg ahs
trhfubblkngs. Fg dgbdk, cubdhs fg ahs dlstkrlhs baãnlbhs sg hsgcgohn h ahs
erhnfgs kjrhs chgstrhs fga eìngrk fg bugntks.
Gn cls bahsgs, cg bknbgntrk skjrg tkfk gn aks prlcgrks tgxtks,  Gstuflks
skjrg ah dlstgrlh, sgbblkngs gsbkelfhs fg  Ah lntgrprgthblòn fg aks sugøks y
Vrgs gnshyks skjrg ah tgkrãh fg ah sgxuhalfhf, y un jksqugok fg su bkntgxtk
dlstòrlbk ‖gs fgblr, ga _glteglst (ga gspãrltu fg ah ìpkbh) pslbkaòelbk fga sleak
TLT ‖, ak qug pgrcltg ha gstuflhntg bhpthr ak vgrfhfgrhcgntg rgvkaublknhrlhs
qug iugrkn sus lfghs.
Wn puntk cès? nk fgjgrãhcks gvhauhr ahs bkntrljublkngs fg Irguf skjrg
ah jhsg fg ahs pkslblkngs prkckvlfhs pkr flstlnths lnstltublkngs
pslbkhnhaãtlbhs irguflhnhs. Irguf tgnãh cubdks sgeulfkrgs sgflgntks fg unh
 krtkfkxlh rltuhalzhfh, y cubdks lnstltutks hnhaãtlbks hfkpthrkn unh vlslòn
bknsgrvhfkrh y gstètlbh fg su kjrh, gn tktha fgshbugrfk bkn su flspkslblòn
slgcprg rgnkvhfh, lnnkvhfkrh y brghtlvh.
Gn cl prkplk fgshrrkaak prkigslknha dg slfk gxtrgchfhcgntg hcjleuk bkn

rgspgbtk h aks lnstltutks fg ikrchblòn pslbkhnhaãtlbh trhflblknhags. Cg phrgbãh

qug ah pkslblòn hnhaãtlbh bknsgrvhfkrh fg cl ìpkbh skjrgvhakrhjh ah
lcpkrthnblh fga lnsledt , gn phrtlbuahr hbgrbh fg aks tgchs fg fgshrrkaak
pslbksgxuha, y hfgcès lenkrhjh pkr bkcpagtk ah lcpkrthnblh fga gnbugntrk
duchnk gn ga prkbgsk tgrhpìutlbk. (Vdgkfkr Zglm gsbrljlò? «Ga clsck flhjak
nk pkfrãh hsusthr cès h aks hnhalsths qug ga usk fg ah phahjrh  yk½.) Pkr ak
thntk, prgigrã nk gntrhr gn unh lnstltublòn hnhaãtlbh y, ha clrhr gn rgtrkspgbtlvh
cl bhrrgrh, bknslfgrk qug iug unh fg ahs cgokrgs fgblslkngs fg cl vlfh.
Hunqug fgjã gnirgnthrcg h unh erhn sgnshblòn fg hlsahclgntk prkigslknha g
lnbgrtlfucjrg, tuvg ah aljgrthf fg prksgeulr cls prkplks lntgrgsgs y fg pgnshr
sln vgrcg alclthfk pkr aks prgbknbgptks.
Cls sgntlclgntks bkn rgspgbtk h ah trhflblòn pslbkhnhaãtlbh dky pkr dky
dhn bhcjlhfk fg ikrch bknslfgrhjag. Hunqug nk cg herhfhn cubdks fg aks
hthvãks y fg ahs pkslblkngs lfgkaòelbhs fg ahs lnstltublkngs hnhaãtlbhs, sln
gcjhrek, gshs lnstltublkngs skn h cgnufk ak ÿnlbk bkn ak qug bknthcks, ga
ÿnlbk auehr fknfg ahs cgntgs cgokrgs y cès jrlaahntgs fg ah prkigslòn sg
fgflbhn h flsbutlr tgchs tìbnlbks sgrlks fg pslbkflnèclbh. Hfgcès, h cl
phrgbgr, gn aks ÿatlcks tlgcpks dh dhjlfk un fgshrrkaak shaufhjag fgntrk fg ah
prèbtlbh y ga pgnshclgntk hnhaãtlbks? gs fgblr, un lntgrìs y unh altgrhturh fg
rèplfk brgblclgntk skjrg ah bugstlòn fg ah lntgrsujogtlvlfhf y ah pslbkakeãh fga
phr tgrhpìutlbk qug rgiagoh unh nugvh hprgblhblòn fga phpga brublha qug kbuph
ga gnbugntrk duchnk jèslbk fgntrk fga prkbgsk fg bhcjlk. Gn erhn cgflfh,
aks hnhalsths prkergslsths aubdhn pkr unh chykr hpgrturh y slnbgrlfhf gn su
rgahblòn bkn aks phblgntgs.
Bkck ga slstgch fg shauf prlvhfk lnbgntlvh unh ikrchblòn cès jrgvg (y
fg hdã unh rgfubblòn fg aks bkstgs h trhvìs fg unh rgcungrhblòn cès jhoh ha
tgrhpguth), sg ngbgslth cès qug nunbh unh ikrchblòn baãnlbh supagcgnthrlh
phrh aks erhfuhfks. Aks lnstltutks pslbkhnhaãtlbks (fgilnlfks gn sgntlfk
hcpalk? irguflhnks, ouneulhnks, lntgrpgrsknhags, gxlstgnblhags...) kirgbgn, bkn
 fligrgnblh, ah ikrchblòn gn tgrhplh flnèclbh phrh erhfuhfks cès sgrlh y
gxdhustlvh. Hfgcès, ah buaturh fg lnstltublòn bkcpgnsh ga hlsahclgntk thn
lndgrgntg h ah prèbtlbh tgrhpìutlbh prkvgygnfk unh bkcunlfhf fg cgntgs
sgcgohntgs, un erupk fg bkagehs qug hirknthn fgshiãks lntgagbtuhags y

prkigslknhags slclahrgs.
Xulzè sky lnfgjlfhcgntg hahrclsth, pgrk cg phrgbg qug, gn gsth ìpkbh fg
hthqug lcpahbhjag bkntrh ga bhcpk fg ah pslbktgrhplh, ahs lnstltublkngs
hnhaãtlbhs pugfgn bknvgrtlrsg gn ga ÿatlck jhstlòn, ga fgpkslthrlk fg ah
tkthalfhf fga shjgr pslbktgrhpìutlbk, cuy h ah chngrh gn qug ah Leagslh
furhntg sleaks iug ah fgpkslthrlh fga shjgr ilaksòilbk y ga ÿnlbk tgrrgnk fknfg
sg flsbutãhn bugstlkngs gxlstgnblhags sgrlhs thags bkck ga prkpòsltk fg ah vlfh,
aks vhakrgs, ah ìtlbh, ah rgspknshjlalfhf, ah aljgrthf, ah cugrtg, ah bkcunlfhf,
ah skblhjlalfhf, gtbìtgrh. Dhy slclaltufgs gntrg ahs lnstltublkngs hnhaãtlbhs y
ahs lnstltublkngs rgalelkshs fga phshfk, y gs lcpkrthntg qug nk rgplthcks ahs
tgnfgnblhs fg haeunhs fg ìsths h suprlclr ktrks ikrks fg bknvgrshblòn
lntgagbtuha y h agelsahr ak qug aks pgnshfkrgs pugfgn pgnshr.
 

BHPÃVWAK 59
AH BJV NK GR BKCK AH PLNVHN
RWR GAKELKR... K NK VGNEH
CLGFK FGA BW
BWBK FG AH GYV
 

GYV* (tgrhplh gcpãrlbhcgntg vhalfhfh) dh

Zgblgntgcgntg, ga bknbgptk fg ah GYV*
tgnlfk un gnkrcg lcphbtk ‖dhsth ga ckcgntk purhcgntg ngehtlvk‖ skjrg
ga bhcpk fg ah pslbktgrhplh. Ròak ahs tgrhplhs qug dhn slfk vhalfhfhs fg ikrch
gcpãrlbh ‖gn rghalfhf, gstk slenlilbh ah tgrhplh jrgvg bkenltlvk-bknfubtlsth
(BJV)‖ ** gstèn
** gstèn hutkrlzhfhs pkr ah chykrãh fg qulgngs prkvggn slstgchs fg
shauf fg htgnblòn bkntrkahfh. Ahs gsbugahs fg pslbkakeãh qug ktkrehn
chgstrãhs y fkbtkrhfks gstèn rgckfgahnfk sus burrãbuaucs phrh bknbgntrhrsg
gn ah gnsgøhnzh fg ahs GYV= qulgngs flsgøhn aks gxècgngs phrh albgnblhs sg
hsgeurhn fg qug aks pslbòakeks gstìn hfgbuhfhcgntg lcjulfks bkn un
bknkblclgntk fg ah supgrlkrlfhf fg ah GYV= y ahs hegnblhs igfgrhags fg
ilnhnblhblòn phrh ah lnvgstlehblòn pslbktgrhpìutlbh cès lcpkrthntgs clrhn
bkn unh htgnblòn gspgblha ahs lnvgstlehblkngs skjrg tgrhplhs vhalfhfhs fg
ikrch gcpãrlbh.
Vkfhs gsths blrbunsthnblhs brghn unh erhn flsknhnblh phrh cubdks
 tgrhpguths fg ahreh gxpgrlgnblh y trhygbtkrlh qug sg vgn gxpugstks fãh h fãh h
aks hfclnlstrhfkrgs fg ahs gcprgshs fg shauf qug lnslstgn skjrg ga usk fg ahs
GYV. Gstks prhbtlbhntgs gxpgrtks sg gnbugntrhn bkn unh hphrgntg hvhahnbdh

fg gvlfgnblh blgntãilbh qug «prugjh½ qug su prkplk gnikqug tgrhpìutlbk gs

cgnks gigbtlvk qug ga qug kirgbgn tgrhpguths cès oòvgngs (y cgnks bkstksks)
qug rghalzhn BJV sgeÿn un chnuha fg lnstrubblkngs gn pgrãkfks cuy jrgvgs.
Gn ga iknfk shjgn qug gsk gstè cha, skspgbdhn fg ah gxlstgnblh fg duck y
gspgoks gn tkfk gstg hsuntk, pgrk bkck nk tlgngn nlneunh rgspugsth jhshfh gn
gvlfgnblhs, pkr ak egngrha, fhn un phsk htrès y sleugn bkn su trhjhok
gspgrhnfk qug gn haeÿn ckcgntk ah pgshflaah tgrclng.
Haeunhs pujalbhblkngs cgthhnhaãtlbhs rgblgntgs gstèn rgsthjagblgnfk un
pkbk ga gqulaljrlk. (H bkntlnuhblòn gxtrhlek prkiushcgntg fga gxbgagntg
gstuflk y hnèalsls fg Ugstkn y Ckrrlskn.) Prlcgrk, gxdkrtk h aks hnhalsths h
qug rgbugrfgn qug ahs tgrhplhs nk vhalfhfhs nk skn tgrhplhs lnvhalfhfhs. H ahs
lnvgstlehblkngs, sl qulgrgn rgbljlr ilnhnblhclgntk, sg ags gxleg qug tgnehn un
flsgøk «alcplk½, bkcphrhjag h ahs lnvgstlehblkngs qug prugjhn ah gilbhblh fg
ahs frkehs. Ahs nkrchs fg flsgøk hfgcès gxlegn phblgntgs «alcplks½ (gs
fgblr, phblgntgs bkn un ÿnlbk fgskrfgn, sln sãntkchs fg ktrks erupks
flhenòstlbks, un tlpk fg phblgntg qug sg gnbugntrh pkbk gn ah prèbtlbh
baãnlbh), unh lntgrvgnblòn tgrhpìutlbh jrgvg y un ckfk fg trhthclgntk
rgpgtljag, prgigrgntgcgntg phuthfk (gs fgblr, bhphz fg sgr rgfublfk h un
chnuha fg lnstrubblkngs fgsbrlths phsk pkr phsk). Gsg flsgøk ihvkrgbg cubdk
ah BJV y gxbauyg ahs tgrhplhs cès trhflblknhags qug sg jhshn gn unh rgahblòn
egnulnh gntrg tgrhpguth y phblgntg gnikbhfh gn ga «hquã y hdkrh½ tha bkck vh
fgshrrkaaènfksg.
Dhy cubdks prgsupugstks ihasks gn ahs lnvgstlehblkngs fg ah GYV? qug
aks prkjagchs fg ahreh furhblòn pugfgn bgfgr hntg ahs tgrhplhs jrgvgs= qug
aks phblgntgs tlgngn un skak sãntkch fgilnljag fga qug pugfgn lnikrchr bkn
gxhbtltuf ha lnlblk fg ah tgrhplh= qug aks gagcgntks fg unh tgrhplh gilbhz
pugfgn flskblhrsg unks fg ktrks, y qug un chnuha fg prkbgflclgntk
slstgcètlbk pugfg pgrcltlr h lnflvlfuks cuy pkbk ikrchfks rghalzhr unh
tgrhplh bkn gilbhblh.
 Ga hnèalsls fg aks rgsuathfks fg GYV (Ugstkn y Ckrrlskn) lnflbh
rgsuathfks cubdk cgnks lcprgslknhntgs fg ak qug pkr ak egngrha sg dh brgãfk.
Dhy pkbk sgeulclgntk fga bhsk fgspuìs fg un høk y bhsl nlneunk h aks fks.
Ah rgspugsth pksltlvh tgcprhnh h ahs GYV (qug sg gnbugntrh gn buhaqulgr

lntgrvgnblòn tgrhpìutlbh) dh aagvhfk h un buhfrk fg gilbhblh flstkrslknhfk.

Ahs ehnhnblhs nk pgrfurhn, y ga pkrbgnthog fg phblgntgs buyh cgokrãh
bkntlnÿh gs skrprgnfgntgcgntg jhok. Nk gxlstg nlneunh gvlfgnblh fg qug ah
hfdgslòn fga tgrhpguth h un chnuha sg bkrrgahblkng fg chngrh pksltlvh bkn
unh cgokrãh= fg dgbdk, dhy gvlfgnblh fg ak bkntrhrlk. Gn egngrha, ahs
lcpalbhblkngs fg ah lnvgstlehblòn fg ah GYV sg dhn gxtgnflfk cubdk cès haaè
fg ah gvlfgnblh blgntãilbh.
Ah lnvgstlehblòn nhturhalsth fg ah prèbtlbh baãnlbh fg ah GYV rgvgah qug ah
tgrhplh jrgvg nk gs thn jrgvg? aks baãnlbks qug trhthn phblgntgs ushnfk GYV
vgn h sus phblgntgs cubdhs cès dkrhs fg ahs qug sg blthn gn aks lnikrcgs fg
ahs lnvgstlehblkngs. Ah lnvgstlehblòn lnflbh (phrh skrprgsh fg nhflg) qug ahs
hialbblkngs heufhs pugfgn halvlhrsg bkn rhplfgz, pgrk qug ahs hialbblkngs
brònlbhs rgqulgrgn tgrhplhs cubdk cès ahrehs y aks bhcjlks bhrhbtgrkaòelbks,
aks trhthclgntks cès ahreks.
Nk pugfk gvlthr pahntghr unh ÿatlch bugstlòn chalblksh. Vgnek unh iugrtg
bkrhzknhfh (jhshfh sòak gn dgbdks hngbfòtlbks) fg qug aks prhbtlbhntgs fg ahs
GYV qug rgqulgrgn hyufh pslbktgrhpìutlbh nk jusbhn tgrhplhs bkenltlvk-
bknfubtlsths jrgvgs, slnk qug, gn bhcjlk, rgburrgn h tgrhpguths flnèclbks,
gxpgrlcgnthfks, bkn unh erhn ikrchblòn y qug bhrgbgn pkr bkcpagtk fg
chnuha.
 

BHPÃVWAK 55
AKR RWGØKR? ßRGAKR, ßRGAKR,
ßRGAKR
 

»Pkr quì thntks tgrhpguths oòvgngs gvlthn trhjhohr bkn aks sugøks; Cls
supgrvlshfks cg fhn flstlnths rgspugsths. Cubdks sg slgntgn lntlclfhfks pkr
ah nhturhagzh fg ah altgrhturh skjrg sugøks, thn vkauclnksh, bkcpagoh, hrbhnh,
gspgbuahtlvh y bkntrkvgrtlfh. Aks gstuflhntgs pkr ak egngrha sg slgntgn
bkniunflfks pkr aks aljrks skjrg ah slcjkakeãh fg aks sugøks y pkr ah
prkiuslòn fg fgjhtgs ckrfhbgs gntrg irguflhnks, ouneulhnks, egstèatlbks y
vlslknhrlks. Augek gstè ah altgrhturh, bhfh fãh cès hcpalh, skjrg ah nugvh
jlkakeãh fg fgbahrhnfk
fgsgstlch, aks sugøks qug
qug haksvgbgs gs hiãn
sugøks skn ha trhjhok knãrlbk
brghblkngs y ktrhs
purhcgntg vgbgs aky
hzhrkshs
fgsprkvlsths fg tkfk slenlilbhfk.
Ktrks sg slgntgn irustrhfks y fgsbkrhzknhfks pkr ah ikrch clsch fg aks
sugøks, pkr su nhturhagzh giãcgrh, brãptlbh, gxtrhvhehntg y fg pgshfks
flsirhbgs. Ktrks, qug trhjhohn fgntrk fga chrbk fg tgrhplhs jrgvgs lcpugsths
pkr ga slstgch fg shauf prlvhfk, bhrgbgn fga tlgcpk ngbgshrlk phrh trhjhohr
bkn aks sugøks. Pkr ÿatlck, y qulzè gstk sgh ak cès lcpkrthntg, cubdks
 tgrhpguths oòvgngs nk dhn tgnlfk ah prugjh qug hpkrth ah gxpgrlgnblh fg unh
tgrhplh pgrsknha
Bknslfgrk qug sg dhyhh aks
gsth fgshtgnblòn jgngilblhfk h phrtlr
sugøks unh fgay trhjhok
aèstlch unh erhnfgpìrflfh
aks sugøks.
phrh
aks phblgntgs fga chøhnh. Aks sugøks pugfgn sgr unh hyufh lngstlchjag phrh

unh tgrhplh gilbhz. Zgprgsgnthn unh rghilrchblòn lnblslvh fg aks prkjagchs

cès prkiunfks fga phblgntg, sòak qug gn un agneuhog fligrgntg, un agneuhog fg
lchelngrãh vlsuha. Aks tgrhpguths fg erhn gxpgrlgnblh slgcprg dhn bknilhfk
gn aks sugøks. Irguf aks bknslfgrhjh «ah vlh rgelh dhblh ga lnbknsblgntg½.
Hunqug gstky fg hbugrfk, nk gs ìsh, bkck bkcgnthrì cès hfgahntg, ah rhzòn
prlnblpha pkr ah qug aks sugøks cg phrgbgn thn ÿtlags.
 

BHPÃVWAK 54
»WNH LNVGZPZGVHBLÒN VKVHA FG
WN RWGØK; ¡NL AK PLGNRG!
 

Fg tkfks aks bknbgptks gqulvkbhfks qug tlgngn aks oòvgngs tgrhpguths skjrg
ga trhjhok knãrlbk, ga cès prkjagcètlbk gs ah nkblòn fg qug ah cgth gs
lntgrprgthr un sugøk fg ikrch bkcpagth y bkn gxhbtltuf. Gsh lfgh nk tlgng
nlneÿn vhakr phrh ah prèbtlbh pslbktgrhpìutlbh y gxdkrtk h cls gstuflhntgs h
qug ah hjhnfkngn.
Irguf dlzk un lntgntk kshfk y bìagjrg fg unh lntgrprgthblòn tktha gn su
rgvkaublknhrlk aljrk Ah lntgrprgthblòn fg aks sugøks (8<00), gn ga qug hnhalzò
gxdhustlvhcgntg
aahchfh Lrch, qugunkdhjãhfgfgrlvhfk
sus prkplks sugøks ygn
h un hclek rgahblòn
bkageh phrh bkn unh
qug ag cuogr
rghalzhrh
unh kpgrhblòn. Fgsfg ah pujalbhblòn fga sugøk fg Lrch, cubdks tgòrlbks y
baãnlbks dhn prkpugstk nugvhs lntgrprgthblkngs g lnbausk hdkrh, blgn høks
fgspuìs, bkntlnÿhn hphrgblgnfk nugvhs pgrspgbtlvhs skjrg gsg sugøk gn ah
altgrhturh pslbkhnhaãtlbh.
Hun sl iugsg pksljag lntgrprgthr pkr bkcpagtk un sugøk, nk sgrãh
ngbgshrlhcgntg un jugn hprkvgbdhclgntk fga tlgcpk fg ah sgslòn. Gn cl
 prkplh prèbtlbh gnbhrk aks sugøks fg ikrch prhecètlbh y aks utlalzk fg tkfhs
ahs chngrhs pksljags phrh ihblalthr ah tgrhplh.

BHPÃVWAK 5<
WVLALBG AKR RWGØKR
PZHECÈVLBHCGNVG? PÃAAGAKR \
RHXWÌGAKR
 

Ga prlnblplk iunfhcgntha qug sujyhbg h cl trhjhok bkn aks sugøks gs gxtrhgr

fg gaaks tkfk ak qug ihblaltg y hbgagrg ah tgrhplh. Rhqugg aks sugøks, gxtrhleh
fg gaaks ak qug ag phrgzbh vhalksk y nk sg ahcgntg pkr ahs jhahs pgrflfhs.
Bknslfgrgcks, pkr gogcpak, gstg sugøk gsphntksk qug tuvk unh phblgntg
fgspuìs fg su prlcgrh sgslòn?
 ‖Vkfhvãh gstuflhjh gn ah Ihbuathf fg Fgrgbdk, pgrk gsthjh aagvhnfk
hfgahntg un bhsk gn unh bkrtg hjlgrth, erhnfg y rgpagth fg egntg. Rgeuãh
slgnfk unh cuogr, pgrk tgnãh ga pgak cuy bkrtk y vgstãh un trhog fg dkcjrg
bkn jkths haths. Cl phfrg, bkn unh jhth ahreh y jahnbh, grh ga hbushfk y yk grh
ga ilsbha qug ak ouzehjh pkr un bhrek fg vlkahblòn. Rhjãh gn gsg ckcgntk qug
cl bkcpkrthclgntk grh sulblfh pkrqug h ah ahreh ìa cg ljh h pgrsgeulr y h
chthr pkr ak qug ag gsthjh dhblgnfk.
Ga sugøk ah fgspgrtò h ahs trgs fg ah chfruehfh y iug thn gsphntksk y rgha
qug, hsusthfh fg qug gntrhrh haeÿn pksljag lntrusk, gcpgzò h rgbkrrgr tkfh ah
 bhsh rgvlshnfk ahs bgrrhfurhs fg tkfhs ahs pugrths y vgnthnhs. Lnbausk
clgntrhs cg ak rgahthjh, unhs dkrhs fgspuìs, tkfhvãh sgntãh hprgnslòn.
»Bòck shqughcks gstg sugøk phrh prkvgbdk fg ah tgrhplh; Prlcgrk

fgjgcks bknslfgrhr ga ckcgntk gn qug iug skøhfk. Fhfk qug gstèjhcks

bkcgnzhnfk ah tgrhplh, cl prlcgrh thrgh grh ikrchr unh iugrtg halhnzh
tgrhpìutlbh. Pkr gsk cls prgeunths y bkcgnthrlks sg bgntrhrkn skjrg tkfk gn
aks hspgbtks fga sugøk qug sg rgahblknhjhn bkn ga bkcprkclsk y ah sgeurlfhf
fg ah sltuhblòn tgrhpìutlbh. Dlbg prgeunths thags bkck? «»Xuì plgnsh hbgrbh
fg dhbgrag un oulblk h su phfrg; Cg prgeuntk sl tgnfrè qug vgr bkn qug ustgf
cg dhyh dhjahfk fg ìa gn nugstrh prlcgrh sgslòn. »Rlgntg qug gs pgalerksk
gxprgshrsg aljrgcgntg gn gstg auehr; »\ hbgrbh fg su sgnshblòn fg qug ah
bkrtg grh hjlgrth y gsthjh rgpagth fg egntg; Cg prgeuntk sl ag prgkbuphrè k sl
tgnfrè fufhs skjrg ah prlvhblfhf y ah bknilfgnblhalfhf fg nugstrks
gnbugntrks½.
Ygrè qug nk lntgntì lntgrprgthr ga sugøk. Nk lnfheuì skjrg cubdks
hspgbtks burlksks fg ìstg? su bkniuslòn fg eìngrk, su vgstlcgnth, ah jhth
jahnbh fga phfrg, ga bhrek pkr vlkahblòn. Aks lfgntlilquì y aks hachbgnì. Vha
vgz vugavh h gshs lcèegngs knãrlbhs gn ahs sgslkngs iuturhs, pgrk gn ahs
prlcgrhs sgslkngs fg ah tgrhplh tgnek ktrhs prlkrlfhfgs. Fgjk kbuphrcg fga
chrbk fg ah tgrhplh? bknilhnzh, sgeurlfhf y bknilfgnblhalfhf.
Ktrk phblgntg tuvk gstg sugøk ah nkbdg fgspuìs fg nugstrh prlcgrh sgslòn?
 ‖Gntrì gn unh erhn tlgnfh phrh bkcprhr tkfk
tkf k ak ngbgshrlk phrh
p hrh un vlhog,
pgrk cg ihathjhn bkshs. Gsthjhn hjhok gn ga sòthnk y gcpgbì h jhohr ah
gsbhagrh, qug grh ksburh y gsthjh fgsvgnblohfh. Fhjh clgfk. Yl unh ahehrtloh.
Gsk cg bhacò? cg eusthn ahs ahehrtlohs, skn iugrtgs y nk dhn bhcjlhfk gn aks
ÿatlcks blgn claakngs fg høks. Fgspuìs sujk y jusbk cl bkbdg, qug tgnãh aks
bkakrgs fga hrbk lrls, pgrk nk gsthjh, tha vgz cg ak dhjãhn rkjhfk. Gntknbgs vl
h cl cuogr gn ga hphrbhclgntk, pgrk yk tgnãh aks jrhzks fgchslhfk aagnks fg
phqugtgs y gsthjh fgchslhfk hpurhfk bkck phrh lr dhsth gaah k ak qug sgh
shavk phrh dhbgrag un egstk. Cls phfrgs thcjlìn gsthjhn hdã, pgrk grhn
plecgks y gsthjhn trhthnfk fg dhbgr unh ikehth phrh hbhcphr gn ga
hphrbhclgntk.
 Ga phblgntg, un dkcjrg fg buhrgnth høks, rãelfk y nhfh lntrkspgbtlvk,
dhbãh tlgcpk qug sg rgslstãh h ah tgrhplh y dhjãh gsthfk fg hbugrfk gn vgnlr h
cl bknsuath sòak pkrqug su gspksh dhjãh hcgnhzhfk bkn fgohrak sl nk
bhcjlhjh. Ru sugøk gsthjh kjvlhcgntg lniaulfk pkr ga bkclgnzk fg ah tgrhplh

qug h cgnufk hphrgbg gn sugøks bkck un vlhog. Rlgntg qug nk sg gstè

prgphrhfk phrh ah hvgnturh fg ah tgrhplh pkrqug ahs bkshs qug ngbgslth gstèn
gn ga sòthnk (gs fgblr, gn ahs prkiunflfhfgs fg sã clsck, gn su lnbknsblgntg),
pgrk gs fliãbla y fh clgfk (ah gsbhagrh gstè ksburh, ak hsusth y gstè
fgsvgnblohfh). Hfgcès, sg rgslstg h ah hvgnturh? hfclrh h ahs ahehrtlohs, qug
nk dhn bhcjlhfk gn blgn claakngs fg høks. K qulzè sgh hcjlvhagntg bkn
rgspgbtk h bhcjlhr? su bkbdg gstè plnthfk fg unh chngrh htrgvlfh bkn aks
bkakrgs fga hrbk lrls, pgrk nk pugfg gnbkntrhrak.
»Buèa gs cl thrgh gn ahs prlcgrhs sgslkngs; Hyufhrak h gntrhr gn ah tgrhplh
y hyufhrak h supgrhr su rgslstgnblh h gaah. Pkr gsk, cg bknbgntrk sòak gn
hqugaaks bkcpkngntgs fga sugøk qug trhthn fga lnlblk fg ah tgrhplh? ga sãcjkak
fga vlhog, su sgnshblòn fg nk gsthr prgphrhfk y fg sgntlrsg rhrk, ah gsbhagrh
ksburh y fgsvgnblohfh, ga fgsbgnsk, ah ahehrtloh. Gspgbãilbhcgntg nk lnfheuì
skjrg ktrks hspgbtks fga sugøk? su gspksh y sus flilbuathfgs phrh bkcunlbhrsg
bkn gaah y sus phfrgs, qulgngs, trhnsikrchfks gn plecgks, gnbgnfãhn unh
ikehth gn ga hphrbhclgntk. Nk gs qug gstks hspgbtks nk iugrhn lcpkrthntgs ‖ 
gn sgslkngs uatgrlkrgs phshrãhcks cubdk tlgcpk gxpakrhnfk su rgahblòn bkn
su cuogr y sus phfrgs‖, pgrk gn ah sgeunfh sgslòn fg ah tgrhplh dhjãh ktrks
tgchs qug tgnãhn prgigrgnblh.
Gstg sugøk, fg chngrh lnblfgntha, laustrh un hspgbtk lcpkrthntg phrh ah
bkcprgnslòn fga ignòcgnk qug Irguf fgsbrljlò gn  Ah lntgrprgthblòn fg aks
sugøks. Nktì qug ga sugøk trhthjh fg vhrlhs lfghs hjstrhbths? gcpgzhr
pslbktgrhplh, tgckr h gxpakrhr ga prkplk lnbknsblgntg, sgnshblkngs fg
lnhfgbuhblòn g lnbgrtlfucjrg skjrg sl bhcjlhr k nk. Nk kjsthntg, aks sugøks
(hphrtg fg haeunh gxpgrlgnblh hufltlvh kbhslknha) skn ignòcgnks vlsuhags, y
ah hegnblh fg ah cgntg qug ihjrlbh aks sugøks fgjg gnbkntrhr unh chngrh fg
trhnsikrchr ahs lfghs hjstrhbths gn unh ikrch vlsuha (un vlhog, ah gsbhagrh
ksburh y fgsvgnblohfh qug jhoh dhsth ga sòthnk, unh ahehrtloh, un bkbdg
plnthfk bkn aks bkakrgs fga hrbk lrls).
 Ktrk gogcpak baãnlbk. Wn dkcjrg fg buhrgnth y blnbk høks, qug dhjãh
gsthfk trgcgnfhcgntg hbknekohfk furhntg buhtrk høks pkr ah cugrtg fg su
gspksh, grh un skøhfkr prkaãilbk y gn bhfh sgslòn rgahthjh sugøks ahreks,
bkcpagoks y bhutlvhntgs. Grh ngbgshrlk dhbgr unh sgagbblòn? ga tlgcpk nk

pgrcltãh lnvgstlehr tkfks aks sugøks y tgnãh qug gagelr hqugaaks qug puflgsgn
ihblalthrnks trhjhohr su fkakr brònlbk y phtkaòelbk. Bknslfgrgcks gstks
sugøks?
 ‖Gsthjh gn cl bhsh fg vgrhnk y cl gspksh gsthjh hdã, unh cgrh
prgsgnblh gn ga iknfk. Ah bhsh tgnãh un tlpk fg tgbdk fligrgntg, un tgbdk fg
bìspgf fga qug brgbãh un blprìs hatk? grh un èrjka dgrcksk, pgrk pknãh gn
pgalerk ah bhsh y yk tgnãh qug bkrthrak.
 ‖\k gsthjh gn bhsh hrrgeahnfk ga tgbdk, pknlìnfkag unh gspgblg fg
hfkrnk buhnfk sgntã un erhn tgrrgcktk y pufg vgr ah slaugth fg ah blufhf qug
sg shbufãh h ah flsthnblh y vgãh bhgr fks rhsbhblgaks egcgaks.
Gs kjvlk qug gstks sugøks gsthjhn rgahblknhfks bkn su fkakr? sus
hskblhblkngs fg «bìspgf½ y fg «hfkrnk½ sg rgigrãhn h ah tucjh y ah aèplfh fg
su cuogr. Nk gs lnirgbugntg qug ah vlfh fg unk hphrgzbh rgprgsgnthfh gn aks
sugøks pkr unh bhsh. Ah cugrtg fg su gspksh y su lntgrclnhjag fkakr gsthjhn
gnbhrnhfks pkr ga blprìs qug pknãh gn pgalerk tkfh ah bhsh y qug pkr
bknsleulgntg fgjãh sgr bkrthfk. Gn ga sgeunfk sugøk ah cugrtg fg su cuogr
gsthjh rgprgsgnthfh pkr ga tgrrgcktk qug fgrrucjhjh aks fks rhsbhblgaks
egcgaks? ah phrgoh. (Pkr bhsuhalfhf, gstg sugøk kburrlò høks hntgs fga hthqug
tgrrkrlsth ha Ukraf Vrhfg Bgntgr.) Nksktrks dhjãhcks gsthfk trhjhohnfk skjrg
ga tgch fg pkfgr hbgpthr ga dgbdk fg qug ah sltuhblòn fg phrgoh gn ah qug
dhjãh vlvlfk dhsth gsg ckcgntk yh nk gxlstãh, qug su gspksh gn rghalfhf
gsthjh cugrth y qug tgnãh qug skathrah, fgsprgnfgrsg fg gaah erhfuhacgntg y
rghnufhr su vlfh. Ga rgiugrzk jrlnfhfk pkr gstks sugøks slrvlò h ah tgrhplh?
rgprgsgnthrkn phrh ìa un cgnshog, prkvgnlgntg fg unh iugntg fg shjlfurãh
lntgrlkr, fg qug yh grh tlgcpk fg thahr ga èrjka y flrlelr su htgnblòn dhblh aks
vlvks.
H vgbgs, ga sugøk fg un phblgntg bkntlgng unh lchegn thn pkfgrksh, thn
skjrgfgtgrclnhfh, bkn thnths bhphs fg slenlilbhfks, qug sg hakoh gn cl cgntg
y cg rgcltk h ìa unh y ktrh vgz h ak ahrek fga bursk tktha fg ah tgrhplh.
 Pkr gogcpak?
 ‖Gsthjh gn ga pkrbdg fg cl bhsh clrhnfk pkr ah vgnthnh h cl phfrg, qug
gsthjh sgnthfk h su gsbrltkrlk. Gntrì y ag pgfã flngrk phrh aagnhr ga fgpòsltk fg
cl bkbdg. Cgtlò ah chnk gn ga jkaslaak y clgntrhs cg fhjh un ckntòn fg

jlaagtgs sgøhaò cl bhrtgrh. Ah hjrã y yh gsthjh rgpagth fg flngrk. Augek ag flog

qug ga fgpòsltk gsthjh vhbãk y iug dhsth cl bkbdg y sgøhaò ga cgflfkr fga
fgpòsltk, qug chrbhjh «aagnk½.
Ga tgch prlnblpha fg gstg sugøk grh ga vhbãk vgrsus ak aagnk. Ah phblgntg
qugrãh haek fg su phfrg (y fg cã, yh qug ga buhrtk fga sugøk sg hsgcgohjh
cubdk h ah bknileurhblòn fg cl bknsuatkrlk), pgrk gaah nk pkfãh lchelnhr quì
qugrãh. Pgfãh flngrk y bkcjustljag, pgrk su bhrtgrh yh gsthjh rgpagth fg flngrk
y ga fgpòsltk gsthjh aagnk. Ga sugøk rgahthjh su tktha sgnshblòn fg vhbãk, hsã
bkck thcjlìn su brggnblh fg qug yk tgnfrãh ga pkfgr fg aagnhrah sl gaah
slcpagcgntg fgsbujrãh buèa grh ah prgeunth qug fgjãh ikrcuahr. Fg hdã qug
pgrslstlgrh gn hndgahr haek fg cã ‖bucpalfks, ihsblnhblòn, trhthclgntk
gspgblha, rgehaks fg bucpaghøks‖ shjlgnfk tkfk ga tlgcpk qug gsthjh
gqulvkbhfh. Cl thrgh gn ah tgrhplh iug rgflrlelr su htgnblòn? shbhrah fga auehr
gn qug gsthjh gspgrhnfk phrh kjtgngr bkshs fg aks ktrks y flrlelrah dhblh su
rlqugzh lntgrlkr fg rgbursks prkplks.
Ktrh phblgntg skøò bkn gaah clsch bkck unh okrkjhfh y, hnhalzènfksg gn
ga gspgok, trhthjh fg fgsprgnfgrsg fg ah tgnhz okrkjh qug ha ilnha sg
trhnsikrchjh gn un jgjì qug aakrhjh, bkn uøhs ahrehs bkn ahs qug sg ag
higrrhjh bkn iugrzh h ah gsphafh. Ah lfgh fg qug tgnãh gn su lntgrlkr h un jgjì
ckagstk g lnkpkrtunk ckafgò gn erhn cgflfh ga iuturk fg su tgrhplh.
Ktrh phblgntg, qug sg sgntãh htrhphfh pkrqug fgjãh bulfhr fg su chfrg
hnblhnh y fgchnfhntg, skøò qug su prkplk bugrpk sg dhjãh trhnsikrchfk gn
unh slaah fg rugfhs.
Ktrk phblgntg, qug gntrò gn tgrhplh bkn unh hcngslh skjrg aks dgbdks fg
aks prlcgrks flgz høks fg su vlfh y bkn unh nkthjag ihath fg burlkslfhf pkr su
phshfk, skøò qug bhclnhjh h ak ahrek fg ah bksth fga Phbãilbk y qug fgsbujrãh
un rãk qug bkrrãh dhblh htrès, hagoènfksg fga kbìhnk. Rgeuãh ga rãk y prkntk
aagehjh dhsth su phfrg cugrtk, un dkcjrg dhrhplgntk y sln dkehr qug gsthjh
phrhfk irgntg h ah gntrhfh fg unh bugvh. Wn pkbk cès hfgahntg fgsbujrãh h su
 hjugak gn lfìntlbhs blrbunsthnblhs. Gstg phblgntg sg sgntãh pgrsgeulfk pkr unh
hneustlh fg cugrtg, y ah lchegn fga sugøk fg un rãk qug bkrrãh dhblh htrès
suegrãh un lntgntk fg rkcpgr ga lngxkrhjag iaulr fga tlgcpk? lr dhblh htrès h
trhvìs fga tlgcpk phrh fgsbujrlr h su phfrg y h su hjugak cugrtks tkfhvãh

vlvks. Rg sgntãh cuy hvgreknzhfk fg ahs fgjlalfhfgs y fg aks irhbhsks fg su

ihclalh, y ga sugøk hjrlò un lcpkrthntg sgecgntk fg trhjhok thntk skjrg su
vgreñgnzh gn rgahblòn bkn su phshfk bkck skjrg su tgrrkr fg rgbhpltuahrak.
Ktrk phblgntg dhjãh tgnlfk unh pgshflaah dkrrgnfh?
 ‖Cl dloh y yk gstèjhcks phsghnfk buhnfk fg rgpgntg gaah gcpgzò h
dunflrsg. Dhjãh bhãfk gn hrgnhs ckvgflzhs. Cg hprgsurì h hjrlr cl ckbdlah
phrh shbhr cl bèchrh, pgrk nk pkfãh hjrlr ga blgrrg y gntknbgs gaah sg dunfãh y
fgshphrgbãh. Grh fgchslhfk thrfg, nk dhjãh pkflfk shavhrah.
Wn sgeunfk sugøk gsh clsch nkbdg?
 ‖Cl ihclalh y yk gstèjhcks htrhphfks gn unh bhsh, y hiugrh dhjãh un
vlgok qug dhjãh chthfk h ktrhs pgrsknhs. Bgrrèjhcks unks pgshfks pkrtkngs
y augek yk shaãh h dhjahr bkn ga hsgslnk, qug tgnãh unh bhrh gxtrhøhcgntg
ihclalhr y gsthjh vgstlfk bkck unh gspgblg fg rgy, y ag fgbãh? «Nk qulgrk
kignfgrak, pgrk, fhfhs ahs blrbunsthnblhs, tlgng qug bkcprgnfgr nugstrh
rgtlbgnblh h fgohrak gntrhr½.
Ga phblgntg gsthjh gn un erupk fg tgrhplh y, pkbk hntgs, vhrlks clgcjrks
ak dhjãhn bknirknthfk y ag dhjãhn flbdk qug iunblknhjh bkck ah bèchrh fga
erupk, un kjsgrvhfkr qug nk sg bkcprkcgtãh y qug nk gxpknãh sus
sgntlclgntks. Lnblfgnthacgntg, nk gs lnirgbugntg qug un sgeunfk sugøk ah
clsch nkbdg gxprgsg ah clsch tgcètlbh pgrk bkn un agneuhog fg lcèegngs
flstlntk. (Irguf sg rgigrãh h thags sugøks bkck sugøks bkcphøgrks.) Gn
nugstrk trhjhok tgrhpìutlbk nks bknbgntrhcks, bkck gn tkfks aks ktrks
gogcpaks, gn hqugaahs phrtgs fga sugøk qug sg rgahblknhjhn bkn ga gsthflk
hbtuha fg ah tgrhplh ‖gn gstg bhsk, ah ihath fg bkcprkclsk y ga higbtk
rgstrlnelfk‖, y nk dlblcks nlneÿn lntgntk fg bkcprgnfgr ga sugøk gn su
tkthalfhf.
 

BHPÃVWAK 40
FKCLNG HAEWNHR VÌBNLBHR
PHZH AH NHYGEHBLÒN FG AKR
RWGØKR
 

Gstè fgckstrhfk qug gxlstg unh bhntlfhf fg hyufhs phrh trhjhohr bkn aks
sugøks. Nunbh fgok fg lnfhehr skjrg aks sugøks gn ah prlcgrh sgslòn (pkr ak
egngrha, fgntrk fga bkntgxtk fg ah gxpakrhblòn fg aks phtrkngs fga dgbdk fg
fkrclr). Prgeuntk gn gspgblha skjrg sugøks rgpgtltlvks, pgshflaahs u ktrk tlpk
fg sugøks lcpkrthntgs. Aks sugøks qug sg prkfuogrkn gn ahs nkbdgs prgvlhs k
rgblgntgs jrlnfhn hskblhblkngs cès prkfubtlvhs qug aks cès hntleuks.
Dhblh ga ilnha fg ah prlcgrh sgslòn, clgntrhs prgphrk ha phblgntg phrh ah
tgrhplh (vìhsg ga bhpãtuak :5), lnbauyk bkcgnthrlks skjrg ah lcpkrthnblh fg aks
sugøks. Rl ga phblgntg hilrch nk skøhr k nk rgbkrfhr sus sugøks, ag fky ahs
lnstrubblkngs jèslbhs? «Vgneh unh aljrgth ha ahfk fg ah bhch. Hnktg buhaqulgr
phrtg fga sugøk qug rgbugrfg pkr ah chøhnh k furhntg ah nkbdg. Pkr ah chøhnh
thcjlìn rgphsg cgnthacgntg ga sugøk, lnbausk hntgs fg hjrlr aks koks. Lenkrg
ah trhlblkngrh vkz lntgrlkr qug ag flbg qug nk sg ckagstg gn gsbrljlrak pkrqug
gs thn vãvlfk qug nk ak kavlfhrè½. Rl unk lnslstg ak suilblgntg (h vgbgs cgsgs),
 dhsth aks phblgntgs cès rgbhabltrhntgs gcpgzhrèn h rgbkrfhr sus sugøks.
Hunqug pkr ak egngrha nk tkck hpuntgs furhntg ahs sgslkngs (gxbgptk gn
ga prlcgr phr fg gnbugntrks), slgcprg gsbrljk ahs fgsbrlpblkngs fg aks sugøks?

sugagn sgr bkcpagoks y bkntlgngn cubdks fgthaags pgqugøks pgrk bhrehfks fg

slenlilbhblòn. Hfgcès, aks sugøks lcpkrthntgs pugfgn prgsgnthrsg h flsbuslòn
unh y ktrh vgz furhntg ga bursk fg ah tgrhplh y gs ÿtla tgngr un rgelstrk fg gaaks.
(Haeunks tgrhpguths sugagn pgflr h aks phblgntgs qug bugntgn pkr sgeunfh vgz
un sugøk, pkrqug ahs flsbrgphnblhs gntrg ahs fks fgsbrlpblkngs pugfgn
prkvggr plsths skjrg puntks èaelfks fga sugøk.) \k dg bkcprkjhfk qug pgflr
qug ak rgahtgn fg nugvk gn ga prgsgntg ak trhg fg vugath h ah vlfh y sugag
sucgrelr ktrh vgz ha phblgntg gn ga sugøk.
Pkr ak egngrha, cl prlcgrh prgeunth sg rgilgrg ha higbtk.
»Buèags skn aks sgntlclgntks qug ustgf gxpgrlcgnth gn ahs flstlnths phrtgs
fga sugøk; »Buèa gs ga nÿbagk gckblknha fga sugøk; Augek lnstk ha phblgntg h
qug sgagbblkng phrtgs prkcgtgfkrhs fga sugøk y hskblg aljrgcgntg skjrg su
bkntgnlfk. K pugfk gagelrahs yk phrh qug gaaks plgnsgn ak qug ags suelgrgn.
«Vòcgsg unks clnutks ‖ags flek‖ y plgnsg gn gsh fgtgrclnhfh phrtg fga
sugøk fgohnfk qug su cgntg vheug bkn aljgrthf. Plgnsg gn vkz hath. Fleh ak
qug ag vgneh h ah cgntg. Nk bgnsurg, nk fgsbhrtg nlneÿn pgnshclgntk pkrqug
ag phrgzbh tkntk k lrrgagvhntg.½
\, pkr supugstk, lnfhek skjrg aks hbkntgblclgntks rgagvhntgs fga fãh
hntgrlkr ha sugøk (ga «rgstk flurnk½). Rlgcprg cg dh rgsuathfk cuy ÿtla ah
ikrcuahblòn fg Irguf fg qug ga sugøk plfg gn prìsthck h aks rgstks flurnks
ahfrlaaks phrh ga trhjhok fg bknstrubblòn knãrlbk, pgrk, phrh qug ahs lcèegngs
sghn ak jhsthntg lcpkrthntgs bkck phrh sgr lnbkrpkrhfhs, fgjgn gsthr
rgikrzhfhs pkr bugstlkngs cès hntleuhs, sgr slenlilbhtlvhs y bkn unh bhreh fg
higbtk.
H vgbgs gs ÿtla bknslfgrhr qug tkfks aks pgrsknhogs qug hphrgbgn gn ga
sugøk skn hspgbtks fga qug sugøh. Ga tgrhpguth egstèatlbk Irltz Pgras, qulgn
lfgò unh sgrlg fg pkfgrkshs tìbnlbhs phrh trhjhohr bkn aks sugøks, bknslfgrhjh
qug tkfk gn ga sugøk rgprgsgnth haeÿn hspgbtk fga qug sugøh, y skaãh pgflrag h
ìstg qug dhjahrh pkr bhfh unk fg aks kjogtks fga sugøk. Zgbugrfk dhjgrak
 vlstk trhjhohr gxltkshcgntg bkn un dkcjrg qug dhjãh skøhfk qug su bkbdg grh
lnbhphz fg hrrhnbhr pkrqug tgnãh cha unh juoãh. Ag plflò ha qug dhjãh skøhfk
qug rgprgsgnthrh ahs flstlnths phrtgs ‖ga bkbdg, ah juoãh, aks phshogrks‖ y
qug dhjahrh pkr bhfh unh fg gaahs. Ah lntgrvgnblòn hrrkoò auz skjrg su

pkstgrehblòn y su phrhalzhntg hcjlvhagnblh? nk qugrãh sgeulr hfgahntg bkn su

vlfh tha bkck ìa ah dhjãh pahntghfk, y Pgras, pkr su phrtg, ak hyufò h gxpakrhr
ktrks sgnfgrks hÿn sln rgbkrrgr y h kãr ktrh aahchfh fg ah vlfh qug ohcès dhjãh
kãfk.
 

BHPÃVWAK 48
HPZGNFH RKJZG AH YLFH FG AKR
PHBLGNVGR H PHZVLZ FG AKR
RWGØKR
 

Ktrk usk prkvgbdksk fg aks sugøks tlgng pkbk qug vgr bkn ga lnbknsblgntg k ga
fgsgntrhøhr ah flstkrslòn knãrlbh k bkn fgsbujrlr su slenlilbhfk. Ga sugøk gs
un thplz gxtrhkrflnhrlhcgntg rlbk jkrfhfk bkn lcpkrthntgs rgbugrfks fga
phshfk. Ga skak dgbdk fg bksgbdhr gsks rgbugrfks gs unh thrgh vhalksh.
Bknslfgrg gstg sugøk?
 ‖Gstky gn un buhrtk fg dkspltha.
dksp ltha. Ah gnigrcgrh gntrh bkn unh
u nh cgslth bkn
flhrlks vlgoks y un jgjì bkn unh bhrh rkolzh y rgspahnfgblgntg. «»Fg qulìn gs
ga jgjì;½, ag prgeuntk. «Nhflg ak qulgrg½, cg rgspknfg. Ak rgbkok y ga phøha
bdkrrgh skjrg cã. Erltk? «¡Nk ak qulgrk, nk ak qulgrk!½.
Ahs hskblhblkngs fg ah phblgntg bkn aks fks puntks fga sugøk cès
bhrehfks fg gckblòn ‖ga jgjì fg rkstrk rkolzk y su erltk‖ iugrkn rlbhs y
prkiunfhcgntg lnikrchtlvhs. Pgnsò gn jgjìs rkolzks y augek gn jgjìs hzuags
y hchrlaaks. Ga jgjì rkolzk ag dlzk pgnshr gn un hjkrtk qug dhjãh tgnlfk
buhnfk grh unh hfkagsbgntg y gn ga gnihfk, ga rgbdhzk y ah ngehtlvh fg sus
 phfrgs h dhjahrag, shavk phrh lnslstlr gn qug bknsleulgrh un trhjhok phrh
fgspuìs fg ah shalfh fg ah gsbugah y qug hsã nk sg cgtlgrh gn prkjagchs.
Fgspuìs pgnsò gn unh bdlbh qug dhjãh bknkblfk gn buhrtk erhfk, qug dhjãh

slfk un jgjì hzua, h ah qug ag dhjãhn prhbtlbhfk unh blrueãh bhrfãhbh y qug
dhjãh fgshphrgblfk y nunbh cès dhjãh vugatk h ah gsbugah. Prkjhjagcgntg
dujlgrh cugrtk, pgrk bkck ah chgstrh ohcès vkavlò h nkcjrhrah, furhntg høks
ag dhbãh gstrgcgbgrsg ah lfgh fg ah cugrtg bkck unh fgshphrlblòn rgpgntlnh y
hrjltrhrlh qug nk fgohjh nlneÿn rhstrk.  Hzua thcjlìn slenlilbhjh «fgprgslòn½,
y ag dhbãh rgbkrfhr ahs fgprgslkngs brònlbhs fg sus dgrchnks cès oòvgngs.
Nunbh dhjãh qugrlfk tgngr dgrchnks y kflhjh tgngr qug bkcphrtlr ga buhrtk
bkn gaaks. \ augek pgnsò gn un jgjì hchrlaak y sg hbkrfò fg su dgphtltls
erhvg buhnfk tgnãh fkbg høks y ak hjhnfknhfh qug sg dhjãh sgntlfk pkr sus
hclehs furhntg ahs sgchnhs fg dksplthalzhblòn. Wn jgjì hchrlaak thcjlìn ag
rgbkrfhjh ga nhblclgntk fg su prkplk dlok y ak htgrrhfh qug gsthjh buhnfk vlk
qug gsthjh lbtìrlbk ha nhbgr.
Ah ktrh phrtg gckblknha fga sugøk ‖sus erltks fg «¡Nk ak qulgrk!½‖ 
tgnãh cubdhs lcpalbhblkngs phrh gaah? su chrlfk, qug nk qugrãh qug gaah
tuvlgrh un dlok, ga nk sgntlrsg qugrlfh pkr su chfrg, su phfrg sgnthfk gn su
bhch ha ahfk fg gaah fkbgnhs fg vgbgs hsgeurènfkag qug gaah grh unh dloh
qugrlfh, su prkplk rgbdhzk h aks dgrchnks cès pgqugøks. Rg hbkrfhjh fg
buhnfk h aks flgz høks gaah, unh nløh jahnbh, dhjãh gntrhfk gn unh gsbugah fga
Jrknx bkn ah chykrãh fg aks haucnks ngerks rgblgntgcgntg lntgerhfks y
bòck sg dhjãh sgntlfk «nk qugrlfh½ y hthbhfh pkr aks ktrks bdlbks. Hunqug ah
gsbugah grh pgalerksh, su phfrg, un hjkehfk gxpgrtk gn fgrgbdks blvlags,
hpkyhjh bkn iugrzh ah lntgerhblòn gsbkahr y nk qugrãh aagvhrah h unh gsbugah
prlvhfh= ktrk gogcpak, pgnsò, fg bòck gaah y su jlgngsthr nk ags lcpkrthjhn h
sus phfrgs. \, ak qug iug cès lcpkrthntg phrh nugstrk trhjhok, qug gaah sgntãh
qug yk nk ah qugrãh= sg sgntãh thn prkiunfhcgntg ngbgslthfh qug tgnãh qug
kbuathr gsg dgbdk pkr clgfk h qug yk cg dhrthrh y fgblflgrh fgohr fg trhthrah.
Fg nk dhjgr slfk pkr ga sugøk, cubdks fg gstks rgbugrfks thn bhrehfks fg
gckblòn qulzè nunbh dujlgrhn hiakrhfk h ah supgrilblg gn nugstrh tgrhplh. Ga
sugøk prkvgyò chtgrlha phrh sgchnhs fg rlbhs flsbuslkngs.
 Ahs pgrsknhs qug hphrgbgn gn aks sugøks cubdhs vgbgs skn pgrsknhogs
bkcpugstks, nk sg phrgbgn fga tkfk h nlneunh pgrsknh, slnk qug tlgngn
bhrhbtgrãstlbhs fg cubdhs pgrsknhs fligrgntgs. H cgnufk ags plfk h cls
phblgntgs, sl tkfhvãh tlgngn prgsgntg gn ga rgbugrfk ga sugøk y ah pgrsknh, qug

sg bgntrgn gn ga rkstrk y qug hskblgn bkn aljgrthf. K pugfk suegrlrags qug

blgrrgn aks koks y qug pgrclthn qug ga rkstrk sg trhnsikrcg gn ktrks rkstrks y
qug cg fgsbrljhn ak qug vgn. Fg gsth chngrh cg dg gntgrhfk bkn irgbugnblh
fg cubdhs pgrsknhs fgshphrgblfhs ‖tãks, tãhs, erhnfgs hcleks, gxhchntgs,
chgstrhs‖ qug dhn fgsgcpgøhfk un phpga lcpkrthntg pgrk kavlfhfk gn ah
vlfh fg aks phblgntgs.
H vgbgs gs ÿtla rghbblknhr fg ikrch gspkntèngh, gxprgshr haeunhs fg ahs
prkplhs hskblhblkngs aljrgs ha sugøk. Pkr supugstk qug gstk pugfg sgsehr un
pkbk ga trhjhok, yh qug skn ahs hskblhblkngs fga phblgntg, nk ahs fga tgrhpguth,
ahs qug bknfubgn h unh vlslòn cès vgrfhfgrh fga sugøk, pgrk fhfk qug ak qug
cg lcpkrth gs dhbgr hvhnzhr ga trhjhok ‖nk haeunh lntgrprgthblòn
lauskrlhcgntg egnulnh fga sugøk‖, gsk nk cg prgkbuph. Bknslfgrg, pkr
gogcpak, ga sleulgntg sugøk?
 ‖Gstky gn su bknsuatkrlk, pgrk gs cubdk cès erhnfg y nugstrhs slaahs sg
vgn erhnfgs y phrgbgn gsthr cuy agoks unh fg ah ktrh. Vrhtk fg hbgrbhrcg,
pgrk gn vgz fg bhclnhr rugfk pkr ga sugak dhsth ustgf. Gntknbgs ustgf
thcjlìn sg slgnth gn ga sugak y sgeulcks dhjahnfk clgntrhs cg bkeg fg aks
plgs. \k ag flek qug nk cg eusth qug cg dugah aks plgs. Gntknbgs ustgf pkng
cls plgs bkntrh sus cgolaahs. Gsk cg herhfh.
Ah phblgntg pufk dhbgr cuy pkbk bkn gstg sugøk. Ag prgeuntì skjrg ga
dgbdk fg qug yk ag kalgrh aks plgs y fgsbrljlò sus tgckrgs h qug yk vlgrh su
ahfk cès ksburk y fgsherhfhjag y ah rgbdhzhrh. Pgrk ga rgstk fga sugøk ag
phrgbãh clstgrlksk y kphbk. Augek gxprgsì cl kplnlòn? «Chrehrgt, ìstg
phrgbg un sugøk fg unh nløh, ga buhrtk erhnfg y aks cugjags, ustgf rkfhnfk
pkr ga sugak dhsth cã, aks fks sgnthfks skjrg ga phvlcgntk, qug yk ag dugah aks
plgs, qug aks pkneh bkntrh cls cgolaahs, tkfk ga hcjlgntg fga sugøk cg dhbg
sgntlr qug rgilgrg ha puntk fg vlsth fg unh nløh cuy pgqugøh½.
Cls bkcgnthrlks tkbhrkn haeunh bugrfh gxtrhøh g lcpkrthntg pkrqug, fg
bhclnk h su bhsh fgspuìs fg ah sgslòn, sg slntlò lnunfhfh pkr un ckntòn fg
 rgbugrfks fg buhnfk gaah y su chfrg skaãhn chshoghrsg aks plgs gntrg sã
clgntrhs chntgnãhn ahrehs bdhrahs ãntlchs. Gaah dhjãh tgnlfk unh rgahblòn
cuy prkjagcètlbh bkn su chfrg y furhntg cgsgs fg tgrhplh dhjãh skstgnlfk ah
pkslblòn fg qug su chfrg dhjãh slfk lcpahbhjagcgntg flsthntg y qug dhjãhn

bkcphrtlfk pkbks ckcgntks fg lntlclfhf iãslbh. Ga sugøk nks flok ktrh bksh
y nks lntrkfuok gn ah sleulgntg gthph fg ah tgrhplh gn ah qug gaah rgikrcuaò su
phshfk y ahs lcèegngs fg sus phfrgs sg ag hphrgblgrkn bkn chtlbgs cubdk
cès duchnks y suhvgs.
Ktrk sugøk qug nks lntrkfuok gn unh nugvh ihsg fg ah tgrhplh iug rgahthfk
pkr un phblgntg qug suirãh unh hcngslh gn rgahblòn bkn erhn phrtg fg su
lnihnblh y sgntãh pkbh burlkslfhf hbgrbh fg su phshfk.
 ‖Cl phfrg tkfhvãh gsthjh vlvk. \k pgrchngbãh gn su bhsh y ilseknghjh
gn unks skjrgs y buhfgrnks vlgoks qug sg supknãh qug nk fgjãh hjrlr dhsth
qug ìa gstuvlgrh cugrtk. Pgrk gntknbgs nktì unh auz vgrfg qug sg gnbgnfãh y
sg hphehjh y qug pkfãh vgr h trhvìs fg unk fg aks skjrgs sgaahfks. Grh bkck
ah auz fg cl tgaìiknk còvla tltlahnfk.
Ga fgspgrthr fg ah burlkslfhf fga phblgntg y ah aahchfh fg su sgr lntgrlkr
(ah auz vgrfg qug tltlah) lnfublìnfkak h qug vugavh ah clrhfh dhblh su rgahblòn
bkn ga phfrg rgsuathn ièblacgntg vlsljags gn gstg sugøk.
Wn ÿatlck gogcpak fg un sugøk qug hjrlò nugvhs vãhs phrh ah tgrhplh?
 ‖Cg gsthjh vlstlgnfk phrh unh jkfh, pgrk nk pkfãh gnbkntrhr cl vgstlfk.
Cg dhjãhn fhfk un ckntòn fg chfgrh phrh qug bknstruygrh ga hathr phrh ah
jkfh, hunqug nk tgnãh lfgh fg bòck dhbgrak. Augek, cl chfrg cg gsthjh
dhblgnfk unhs trgnblths hirlbhnhs. Fgspuìs gstèjhcks sgnthfhs skjrg un skiè
y su bhjgzh gsthjh cuy bgrbh fg cl bhrh y pkfãh sgntlr su pgak, y augek gaah
fgshphrgbãh y yk cg qugfhjh skah.
Ah phblgntg nk tuvk nlneunh hskblhblòn slenlilbhtlvh skjrg gstg sugøk ‖ 
gn gspgblha fg ah gxtrhøh lchegn fg ahs trgnblths hirlbhnhs (fg ahs qug nk tgnãh
nlneunh gxpgrlgnblh pgrsknha)‖ dhsth ah nkbdg sleulgntg, buhnfk, clgntrhs
gsthjh hbksthfh gn ah bhch y h puntk fg fkrclrsg, fg rgpgntg rgbkrfò qug
Chrtdh, haeulgn h qulgn dhjãh kavlfhfk dhbãh cubdk tlgcpk pgrk qug dhjãh
slfk su cgokr hcleh furhntg aks trgs prlcgrks bursks fg ah gsbugah, tgnãh gsg
tlpk fg trgnzhs. Zgahtò un gplskflk fg buhnfk gsthjh gn tgrbgr erhfk, fg un
 fãh gn qug su chgstrh ah rgbkcpgnsò pkr su jugn trhjhok gn bahsg ktkreènfkag
ga prlvlagelk fg bkaehr gn ga huah ahs fgbkrhblkngs phrh Dhaakwggn, y
pgrcltlìnfkag qug galelgrh h ktrh haucnh phrh qug ah hyufhsg. Pgnshnfk qug
sgrãh jugnk hcpalhr ga bãrbuak fg hclsthfgs, galelò h ktrh bdlbh gn vgz fg h

Chrtdh.
 ‖Chrtdh nunbh vkavlò h dhjahrcg ‖flok bkn trlstgzh‖, y ìsh iug ah
ÿatlch cgokr hcleh qug tuvg gn tkfh cl vlfh.
Augek phsò h bknthrcg ah dlstkrlh fg su ahreuãslch skagfhf y fg tkfhs ahs
rgahblkngs ãntlchs pktgnblhags qug fg haeÿn ckfk dhjãh shjktghfk. Ktrh
hskblhblòn (fg ah lchegn fg ah bhjgzh bgrbh fg gaah) iug ah fg su chgstrh fg
buhrtk erhfk pknlgnfk su bhjgzh cuy bgrbh fg ah fg gaah, bkck sl iugsg h
curcurhrag haek, pgrk prgeuntènfkag gn bhcjlk, bkn un igk slsgk? «»Pkr quì
dlblstg gsk;½. Aks pgaks ag rgbkrfhjhn h cl jhrjh y ga tgckr fg pgrcltlr qug
cg hbgrbhrh fgchslhfk h gaah. Ah rgbkngxlòn fg ah phblgntg bkn ga sugøk
furhntg ah nkbdg sleulgntg gs un gogcpak fg rgbugrfks hskblhfks h un gsthfk
gckblknha, un ignòcgnk irgbugntg.
 

BHPÃVWAK 4:
PZGRVG HVGNBLÒN HA PZLCGZ
RWGØK
 

Fgsfg ga trhjhok fg Irguf fg 8<88 skjrg ga prlcgr sugøk gn ga hnèalsls, aks

tgrhpguths dhn tgnlfk un rgspgtk phrtlbuahr pkr ga prlcgr sugøk fga phblgntg ha
lnlblhr ah tgrhplh. Ga sugøk lnlblha, brgãh Irguf, gs bkn irgbugnblh un
fkbucgntk vhalksãslck qug kirgbg unh vlslòn gxbgpblknhacgntg rgvgahfkrh
fg aks prkjagchs bgntrhags, pkrqug ga tgogfkr fg sugøks fgntrk fga
lnbknsblgntg fga phblgntg tkfhvãh gs lnegnuk y tlgng ah euhrflh jhoh. (Ròak pkr
rhzkngs rgtòrlbhs, Irguf h vgbgs dhjahjh fg ah hegnblh fg ah cgntg qug
gahjkrh aks sugøks bkck sl iugsg un dkcÿnbuak lnfgpgnflgntg.) Cès hfgahntg
gn ah tgrhplh, buhnfk ahs dhjlalfhfgs fga tgrhpguth phrh lntgrprgthr sugøks sg
dhbgn gvlfgntgs, nugstrks sugøks sg vugavgn cès bkcpagoks y bkniusks.
Zgbugrfg ah prgsblgnblh fg aks fks prlcgrks sugøks gn ga bhpãtuak 5<. Gn
ga prlcgrk, unh cuogr ilsbha prkbgshjh h su phfrg pkr vlkahblòn. Gn ga
sgeunfk, un dkcjrg qug gcprgnfãh un ahrek vlhog bkcprhjh ahs prkvlslkngs
gn unh erhn tlgnfh gn ah qug fgjãh fgsbgnfgr unh gsbhagrh ksburh. H
bkntlnuhblòn sleugn ktrks cès.
 Wnh phblgntg buyk gspksk gsthjh curlgnfk h bhush fg un tuckr bgrgjrha
tuvk gstg sugøk ah nkbdg hntgrlkr h su prlcgrh sgslòn?
 ‖Rlek slgnfk unh blruohnh, pgrk thcjlìn sky unh gstuflhntg fg lneaìs.
Fgjk prgphrhr fks tgxtks phrh un bursk, unk hntleuk y unk ckfgrnk, aks fks

bkn ga clsck nkcjrg. Nk gstky prgphrhfh phrh ga sgclnhrlk pkrqug nk dg

agãfk nlneunk fg aks fks. Rkjrg tkfk nk dg agãfk ga prlcgr tgxtk, ga vlgok, qug
cg dhjrãh prgphrhfk phrh ga sgeunfk.
Buhnfk ag prgeuntì sl shjãh ga nkcjrg fg aks tgxtks, bkntgstò? «Kd, sã, ak
rgbugrfk bkn tkfh bahrlfhf. Aks fks aljrks, ga vlgok y ga nugvk, sg aahchjhn
 Ah cugrtg fg ah lnkbgnblh½.
Gstg sugøk gxtrgchfhcgntg hntlblphtkrlk prgileurò erhn phrtg fg nugstrk
trhjhok iuturk. »Ga tgxtk hntleuk y ga ckfgrnk; Gaah shjãh bkn tktha bgrtgzh ak
qug rgprgsgnthjhn. Ga tgxtk hntleuk grh ah cugrtg fg su dgrchnk gn un
hbblfgntg fg trèilbk vglntg høks hntgs. Ah iuturh cugrtg fg su gspksk grh ga
tgxtk ckfgrnk. Ga sugøk nks flok qug nk ãjhcks h pkfgr trhthr ah cugrtg fg
su gspksk dhsth qug nk hbgpthrh ah pìrflfh fg su dgrchnk, unh pìrflfh qug ah
dhjãh chrbhfk fg pkr vlfh, qug dhjãh fgstrkzhfk tkfks sus oòvgngs cltks
lnkbgntgs skjrg ah flvlnh prkvlfgnblh, ah sgeurlfhf fga dkehr, ah prgsgnblh fg
ah oustlblh gn ga unlvgrsk, ga sgntlfk fga krfgn qug flbthjh qug aks vlgoks
curlgsgn hntgs qug aks oòvgngs.
Aks prlcgrks sugøks h cgnufk gxprgshn ahs gxpgbthtlvhs k aks tgckrgs fg
aks phblgntgs skjrg ah iuturh tgrhplh. Cl prlcgr sugøk gn ga hnèalsls tkfhvãh
gstè irgsbk gn cl cgntg fgspuìs fg buhrgnth høks?
 ‖Gstky rgbksthfk gn ah bhclaah phrh gxècgngs fg un fkbtkr. Ah sèjhnh
gs fgchslhfk pgqugøh phrh bujrlrcg fga tkfk. Ygk h unh gnigrcgrh qug gstè
bahvhnfk unh heuoh gn cl plgrnh, gn ah gsplnlaah. Fg prkntk, sg kyg unh
gspgblg fg gxpakslòn qug slsgh y ekrektgh.
Ga sgntlfk fg ah phrtg bgntrha fga sugøk ‖ga iugrtg sknlfk‖ cg rgsuatò
bahrk fg lncgflhtk. Fg nløk phfgbãh unh slnusltls brònlbh y tkfks aks
lnvlgrnks cl chfrg cg aagvhjh h ah bknsuath fga fkbtkr Fhvls phrh un frgnhog
y unh alcplgzh fg ahs ikshs nhshags. Fgtgsthjh sus flgntgs hchrlaaks y gsg kok
fg pgsbhfk qug cg gsplhjh pkr ga bgntrk fga gspgoltk blrbuahr unlfk h ah blnth
gaèstlbh qug skaãhn ushr aks ktkrrlnkahrlneòakeks. Zgbkrfhjh gshs vlslths gn ahs
 qug ga fkbtkr cg lnsgrthjh unh bhnãbuah gn ga krlilblk fg ah iksh, ga fkakr
heufk, y augek kãr gsg rulfk gnskrfgbgfkr buhnfk ah shalnh lnygbthfh shaãh
iauygnfk iugrh fg ah iksh. Cg hbugrfk fg cã clsck kjsgrvhnfk aks
bkntgnlfks fgsherhfhjags y trìcuaks skjrg ah iugntg fg frgnhog sgclblrbuahr

fg brkck y pgnshnfk qug dhjãh pgrflfk phrtg fga bgrgjrk ountk bkn ga pus y
ga ckbk.
Vkfks cls tgckrgs hntg ah tgrhplh gsthjhn gxprgshfks gn gsg sugøk?
qugfhr gxpugstk (ah sèjhnh fgchslhfk pgqugøh) y sgr fkakrkshcgntg
pgngtrhfk (ah lntrkfubblòn fg ah heuoh), pgrfgr ah cgntg, qug cg ahvhrhn ga
bgrgjrk y phfgbgr unh fkakrksh dgrlfh gn unh phrtg fga bugrpk ahreh y ilrcg
(rgprgsgnthfh pkr ah gsplnlaah).
Wnh phblgntg skøò ah nkbdg hntgrlkr h su prlcgrh sgslòn qug yk ljh h
rkcpgr tkfhs ahs vgnthnhs fg su bhsh y ag ljh h lnygbthr unh hngstgslh gn ga
bkrhzòn. Nugstrh bdhrah skjrg ah lnygbblòn fg hngstgslh gn ga bkrhzòn rgvgaò
qug, hunqug gaah grh unh blgntãilbh cuy gxltksh, sgntãh unh erhn tgnthblòn fg
hjhnfknhr su bhrrgrh y bknvgrtlrsg gn plntkrh. Vgnãh clgfk fg qug ah tgrhplh
hfkrcgblgrh su bkrhzòn fg hrtlsth y ah ikrzhrh h bkntlnuhr bkn su trhygbtkrlh
fg vlfh cès rhblknha y hjurrlfh.
Gstks sugøks nks rgbugrfhn qug aks chagntgnflfks bkn rgspgbtk h ah
tgrhplh skn prkiunfks y tgnhbgs. Nk sg fgog gnehøhr pkr ahs hphrlgnblhs.
Hsuch qug aks phblgntgs nugvks slgntgn clgfk y bkniuslòn hntg ah tgrhplh, y
hsgeÿrgsg fg prgphrhr h bhfh unk fg gaaks phrh ga trhjhok qug ags heuhrfh.
 

BHPÃVWAK 42
PZGRVG GRPGBLHA HVGNBLÒN H
AKR RWGØKR RKJZG GA
VGZHPGWVH
 

Fg tkfks aks sugøks qug kirgbgn aks phblgntgs, brgk qug nk dhy nlneunk thn
vhalksk phrh ga trhjhok tgrhpìutlbk bkck aks sugøks qug lnvkaubrhn ha
tgrhpguth (k h haeÿn sustltutk fg ìstg). Gstks sugøks pksggn un erhn pktgnblha
phrh pksljags hpkrtgs y, bkck ak fgcugstrhn aks sleulgntgs gogcpaks, cgrgbgn
sgr bksgbdhfks bulfhfkshcgntg.
Wn phblgntg skøò ak sleulgntg?
 ‖Gstky gn su bknsuath y ustgf cg flbg? «Gs un jlbdk rhrk. Nunbh dg
vlstk h nhflg bkck ustgf½.
Bkck fg bkstucjrg lnfheuì skjrg ga tknk fga sgntlclgntk fga sugøk.
«Bèalfk y hclstksk½, rgspknflò. Gstg phblgntg, qug tgnãh unh sgrlg fg
gxtrhøhs prèbtlbhs rltuhags kjsgslvk-bkcpuaslvhs, bkck gs tãplbk, sujgstlchjh
cubdhs fg sus vlrtufgs? su lntgalegnblh, vhstks bknkblclgntks g lntgrgsgs, su
fgflbhblòn h unh vlfh fg sgrvlblk. Rg dhjãh bknvgnblfk h sã clsck fg qug
 sòak cg lntgrgshrãh gn su gxbgntrlblfhf, bhsl fg ah clsch chngrh gn qug
pkfrãh aahchrcg ah htgnblòn un cknstruk gn un gspgbtèbuak fg blrbk. Ga
sugøk nks aagvò ha èrgh lcpkrthntg fg su hntlquãslch prèbtlbh fg buatlvhr ah
pgbualhrlfhf bkck un ckfk fg lntgrhbtuhr bkn aks ktrks. Cuy prkntk, ga

sgnfgrk nks bknfuok dhblh su hutkfgsprgblk y h sus tgckrgs fg qug aks ktrks
ak rgbdhzhrhn pkr su vhbulfhf, su supgrilblhalfhf y sus ihnthsãhs sèflbhs.
Wn sugøk fg ktrh phblgntg?
 ‖Wstgf y yk gsthcks dhblgnfk ga hckr gn cl huah fg sgxtk erhfk. \k
gstky fgsnufh, pgrk ustgf tkfhvãh tlgng pugsth ah rkph. Ag prgeuntk sl ag
rgsuath shtlsihbtkrlk.
Wn chgstrk fg prlchrlh dhjãh hjushfk sgxuhacgntg fg gsth phblgntg y sg
dhjãh ckagsthfk cubdk ha dhjahr fga tgch gn ahs ÿatlchs sgslkngs. Nugstrk
trhjhok skjrg ga sugøk flk auehr h unh sgrlg fg tgchs fgalbhfks. Gaah sg dhjãh
sgntlfk gstlcuahfh sgxuhacgntg pkr nugstrh bdhrah ãntlch skjrg sgxk. «Dhjahr
fg sgxk bkn ustgf gs un pkbk bkck tgngr sgxk bkn ustgf½, flok, y skspgbdò
qug yk thcjlìn cg dhjãh sgntlfk gstlcuahfk y dhjãh gsthfk gxtrhygnfk un
pahbgr vkygrlsth fg sus rgvgahblkngs. Dhjaò fg su lnbkckflfhf bkn ah
fgsleuhafhf fg ah hpgrturh? gn ahs sgslkngs gaah sg fgsnufhjh, clgntrhs qug yk
sgeuãh vgstlfk. Ah prgeunth qug hphrgbãh gn ga sugøk fg sl yk gsthjh
sgxuhacgntg shtlsigbdk rgiagohjh su tgckr fg qug ak ÿnlbk qug gaah tgnãh phrh
fhr grh sgxk y fg qug yk ah hjhnfknhrãh sl fgohjh fg prkvgìrcgak.
Ktrk sugøk?
 ‖\k gsthjh gn unh bhsh bkn fligrgntgs nlvgags. Dhjãh unh nløh fg flgz
høks qug trhthjh fg rkcpgrah y yk ah gbdhjh. Augek vgk un bhclòn hchrlaak
Ekkfwlaa qug sg hbgrbh y qug bdkbh unh y ktrh vgz bkntrh aks blclgntks fg cl
buhrtk. Klek ah irhsg? «Ah chnk qug hyufh hthbh fg nugvk½.
Cl phpga gn gstg sugøk bkck ga bhclòn Ekkfwlaa qug hcgnhzh bkn
fgstrulr aks blclgntks fg ah bhsh gs lnbkniunfljag. Pgrk, pkr sl unk ak phsh pkr
hatk, ga sugøk hergeh «Ah chnk qug hyufh hthbh fg nugvk½. Ah phblgntg, unh
cuogr rgprlclfh y cuy bknstrgølfh, prkvgnãh fg unh ihclalh habkdòalbh cuy
kjsgslknhfh bkn nk rgvgahr sus sgbrgtks h ah bkcunlfhf. Ga sugøk gxprgshjh
su tgckr h gxpkngrsg, hsã bkck thcjlìn unh hfcknlblòn dhblh cã phrh qug
iugrh hchjag y bulfhfksk.
 Ktrk gogcpak baãnlbk. Dhblh ga ilnha fg ah tgrhplh unh phblgntg skøò ak
sleulgntg?
 ‖Hslstãhcks ountks h unh bknigrgnblh gn un dktga. Gn un fgtgrclnhfk
ckcgntk ustgf suelgrg qug yk bknsleh un buhrtk bkntleuk ha suyk phrh qug

pkfhcks fkrclr ountks. Fg ckfk qug vky h ah rgbgpblòn fga dktga y plfk qug
cg bhcjlgn fg dhjlthblòn. Pgrk ha rhtk ustgf bhcjlh fg kplnlòn y cg flbg
qug nk gs unh jugnh lfgh fgspuìs fg tkfk. Fg ckfk qug vugavk h ah
rgbgpblòn phrh bhnbgahr ga bhcjlk. Pgrk yh gs fgchslhfk thrfg= tkfhs cls
bkshs dhn slfk trhsahfhfhs h ah nugvh dhjlthblòn. Pgrk fgspuìs rgsuath qug ah
nugvh dhjlthblòn gs cubdk cès jknlth? cès erhnfg, cès hath, bkn unh vlsth
cgokr. \, nucgrkaòelbhcgntg, ah dhjlthblòn, ah <:<, gs cubdk cès prkplblh.
Gstg sugøk hphrgblò clgntrhs ah phblgntg y yk gcpgzèjhcks h dhjahr fga
ilnha fg ah tgrhplh. Ga sugøk gxprgshjh su kplnlòn fg qug ha prlnblplk yk ah
dhjãh sgfublfk (k sgh, ah lchegn fga sugøk gn ah qug yk ag suegrãh qug gaah y
yk tuvlìsgcks dhjlthblkngs bkntleuhs phrh hsã pkfgr fkrclr ountks) y qug gaah
dhjãh rgspknflfk hbgrbènfksg h cã (gaah bhcjlhjh fg dhjlthblòn), pgrk augek,
buhnfk yk bhcjlhjh fg kplnlòn skjrg hbksthrcg bkn gaah, nk pkfãh bknsgeulr
fg nugvk su hntleuh dhjlthblòn= gs fgblr, dhjãh suirlfk un bhcjlk
lrrgvgrsljag. Hfgcès, ga bhcjlk grh phrh cgokr? ah nugvh dhjlthblòn grh
supgrlkr y bkn shaufhjags lcpalbhblkngs nucgrkaòelbhs. Gsth phblgntg grh unh
cuogr gxbgpblknhacgntg dgrcksh qug gxufhjh sgxuhalfhf y gn ga phshfk
slgcprg sg dhjãh rgahblknhfk bkn tkfks aks dkcjrgs h trhvìs fg haeunh ikrch
gxpaãblth k sujalchfh fg sgxuhalfhf. Ga sugøk suelgrg qug ah gngreãh sgxuha
gntrg nksktrks pufk dhjgr slfk gsgnblha phrh qug ga ahzk tgrhpìutlbk sg ikrohrh
y qug, unh vgz gsthjagblfk, ihblalthrh bhcjlks lrrgvgrsljags.
Ktrk gogcpak baãnlbk?
 ‖Gstky gn su bknsuatkrlk. Ygk h unh cuogr dgrcksh, fg koks ksburks,
bkn unh rksh rkoh gn ga bhjgaak, rgbalnhfh skjrg ga skiè. Ha hbgrbhrcg, cg fky
bugnth fg qug ah cuogr nk gs ak qug phrgbãh? ga skiè gn ga qug gstè gs gn
rghalfhf un hthÿf, sus koks skn ksburks, pgrk nk fg jgaagzh, slnk fg cugrtg, y
su rksh bhrcãn nk gs unh rksh, slnk unh dgrlfh shnerlgnth y ckrtha.
Gsth phblgntg (fgsbrlth gn fgthaag gn  Chcè y ga sgntlfk fg ah vlfh) h
cgnufk dhjãh gxprgshfk su rgtlbgnblh h vgrcg bkck unh pgrsknh rgha. Gn
 cgnufk dhjãh gxprgshfk su rgtlbgnblh h vgrcg bkck unh pgrsknh rgha. Gn
nugstrhs bdhrahs hbgrbh fga sugøk gaah flok? «\k sì qug sky gsh cuogr y qug
buhaqulgrh qug sg cg hbgrqug sgrè aagvhfk lpsk ihbtk h ah cugrtg? ktrh rhzòn
phrh chntgngrak hagohfk, ktrh rhzòn phrh qug nk sg hbgrqug fgchslhfk½.
Ga sugøk nks lntrkfuok gn ga tgch fg sgntlr qug gsthjh chaflth? thntks fg

aks dkcjrgs qug dhjãh hchfk dhjãhn cugrtk qug gaah brgãh qug aagvhjh ah
cugrtg bknslek. Ìsh grh ah rhzòn pkr ah qug rgdushjh h qug yk cg
chtgrlhalzhrh bkck pgrsknh? cg qugrãh iugrh fg tlgcpk, sln unh vlfh nhrrhjag
qug bknslstlgrh gn unh trhygbtkrlh bkn un prlnblplk y, pkr supugstk, skjrg
tkfk, un ilnha.
Cls buhfgrnks gstèn rgpagtks fg nucgrksks gogcpaks fg cl hphrlblòn gn
aks sugøks fg cls phblgntgs. Ktrk phblgntg skøò qug krlnhjh gnblch fg cl
rgako, ktrk qug vhehjh pkr cl bhsh, qug sg gnbkntrhjh bkn cl cuogr y qug sg
vkavãh phrtg fg cl ihclalh. H cgflfh qug vky gnvgogblgnfk, aks phblgntgs
gcplgzhn h skøhr bkn cl husgnblh k cl fgshphrlblòn.
Gn ah lntrkfubblòn bltì un sugøk fg un phblgntg qug ha gntrhr gn cl
bknsuatkrlk fgslgrtk sòak gnbkntrhjh cl skcjrgrk Phnhcè bujlgrtk fg
tgahrhøhs. Ktrk gntrò gn cl bknsuatkrlk y gnbkntrò h un jljalktgbhrlk sgnthfk h
cl gsbrltkrlk, qulgn ag lnikrchjh qug dhjãhn trhnsikrchfk cl bknsuatkrlk gn
unh jljalktgbh cusgk. Vkfk tgrhpguth pugfg blthr cubdks ktrks gogcpaks.
 

BHPÃVWAK 46
BWÃFGRG FG AKR EHOGR FGA
KILBLK
 

Ga herhfhjag gntkrnk fg ah prèbtlbh pslbktgrhpìutlbh ‖bòckfks slaakngs,

cugjags gagehntgs, phahjrhs hchjags, ga bkcprkclsk fg bkcphrtlr
lntlclfhfgs gn un balch bèalfk‖ bkn irgbugnblh nk fgoh vgr aks ehogs fg gstg
kilblk. Ah pslbktgrhplh gs unh vkbhblòn cuy gxlegntg, y tkfk tgrhpguth
gxltksk fgjg pkfgr tkagrhr ga hlsahclgntk, ah hnslgfhf y ah irustrhblòn
lngvlthjags gn gstg trhjhok.
Xuì phrhfkoh qug aks pslbktgrhpguths, qug thntk gcpgøk pkngn gn qug sus
phblgntgs akergn gnthjahr rgahblkngs ãntlchs gn su vlfh, fgjhn gxpgrlcgnthr ga
hlsahclgntk bkck unk fg aks prlnblphags ehogs fg su kilblk. \, nk kjsthntg,
pkr ak egngrha, aks tgrhpguths skn brlhturhs skalthrlhs qug phshn tkfk ga fãh
gnbahustrhfks gn sgslkngs bkn unh skah pgrsknh y rhrh vgz vgn h bkagehs, h
cgnks qug gspgblhacgntg dhehn ga trgcgnfk gsiugrzk fg rghalzhr hbtlvlfhfgs
eruphags. Rã, pkr supugstk qug ahs sgslkngs bkn unh skah pgrsknh gstèn
lcprgenhfhs fg lntlclfhf, pgrk gs unh bahsg fg lntlclfhf qug bkck hpkyk gn
ah vlfh rgsuath lnsuilblgntg, unh lntlclfhf qug nk prkvgg ga halcgntk y ah
 rgnkvhblòn qug gchnhn fg ahs prkiunfhs rgahblkngs fg hckr bkn aks hcleks y
ah ihclalh. Wnh bksh gs sgr phrh ga ktrk y ktrh cuy flstlnth gs sgr gn unh
rgahblòn qug gs leuha phrh hcjhs phrtgs.
Gs cuy bkcÿn qug aks tgrhpguths fgsbulfgcks nugstrhs rgahblkngs

pgrsknhags. Nugstrk trhjhok sg bknvlgrtg gn nugstrh vlfh. Ha ilnha fga fãh,

dhjlgnfk fhfk thntk fg nksktrks clscks, sgntlcks qug sg dh hekthfk nugstrk
fgsgk fg rgahblknhrnks. Hfgcès, aks phblgntgs skn thn herhfgblfks, nks
hfkrhn y nks lfghalzhn thntk qug aks tgrhpguths bkrrgcks ga rlgsek fg hprgblhr
cgnks h aks clgcjrks fg ah ihclalh y h aks hcleks, qug nk rgbknkbgn nugstrh
kcnlsblgnblh y gxbgagnblh gn tkfhs ahs bugstlkngs.
Ah vlslòn fga cunfk fg un tgrhpguth gn sã clsch prkfubg hlsahclgntk.
Aks tgrhpguths bkn unh blgrth gxpgrlgnblh vgn ahs rgahblkngs fg unh chngrh
fligrgntg, h vgbgs plgrfgn ah phblgnblh bkn aks rltuhags skblhags y ah
jurkbrhblh, nk skpkrthn aks gnbugntrks supgrilblhags y iuehbgs nl ahs bdhrahs
jhnhags fg ahs rgunlkngs skblhags. Clgntrhs vlhohn, haeunks tgrhpguths gvlthn
ga bknthbtk bkn aks fgcès u kbuathn su prkigslòn, pkrqug nk ags herhfhn ahs
rgspugsths flstkrslknhfhs qug rgbljgn fg ah egntg. Gstèn bhnshfks nk sòak fg
sgr lrrhblknhacgntg tgclfks k sujgstlchfks, slnk thcjlìn fg sgr
skjrgstlchfks y fg qug sg aks bknslfgrg bhphbgs fg aggr aks pgnshclgntks k
fg tgngr skaublkngs phrh aks cès vhrlhfks prkjagchs.
Hunqug aks tgrhpguths yh fgjgrãhn gsthr lncunlzhfks bkntrh ahs
lfghalzhblkngs k ahs sujgstlchblkngs qug hirknthn fãh h fãh, rhrh vgz ak gstèn.
Pkr ga bkntrhrlk, h cgnufk gxpgrlcgnthn lnqulgthntgs kaghfhs fg lnsgeurlfhf
k erhnflkslfhf. Aks tgrhpguths fgjgn gstuflhr bkn tkfk bulfhfk gstks
bhcjlks gn ah hutkbknilhnzh, fg dgbdk tkfk bhcjlk fg aks gsthfks lntgrnks,
fg ckfk qug nk lntgrilgrhn bkn su trhjhok. Vkfhs ahs gxpgrlgnblhs fg vlfh
flsruptlvhs qug suirhn aks tgrhpguths ‖tgnslkngs gn ahs rgahblkngs,
nhblclgntks, flilbuathfgs gn ah brlhnzh fg aks dloks, ihaagblclgntks,
fgshbugrfks chrlthags y flvkrblks, rgvgsgs lcprgvlstks, bhahclfhfgs fg ah
vlfh, gnigrcgfhfgs‖ pugfgn lnbrgcgnthr fg ikrch frhcètlbh ga gsiugrzk y
ah flilbuathf fga trhjhok tgrhpìutlbk.
Vkfks gstks ehogs fga kilblk gstèn cuy lniaulfks pkr ga prkplk prkerhch
 fg trhjhok. Aks tgrhpguths qug gstèn jhok prgslkngs ilnhnblgrhs pgrsknhags y
prkerhchn dhsth buhrgnth y blnbugnth dkrhs fg trhjhok pkr sgchnh bkrrgn
cubdk cès rlgsek. Pgrsknhacgntg slgcprg dg bknslfgrhfk h ah pslbktgrhplh
cès unh vkbhblòn qug unh prkigslòn. Rl ah prlnblpha cktlvhblòn fg unk gs
hbucuahr rlqugzh gn vgz fg kirgbgr un jugn sgrvlblk, gntknbgs ah bhrrgrh fg

pslbktgrhpguth nk gs unh jugnh gagbblòn.

Ah fgsckrhalzhblòn fga tgrhpguth gstè rgahblknhfh thcjlìn bkn ga tlpk fg
prèbtlbh. Ah gspgblhalzhblòn gxbgslvh, gn gspgblha gn èrghs baãnlbhs cuy
bhrehfhs fg fkakr y fgskahblòn ‖pkr gogcpak, trhjhohr bkn bhsks tgrclnhags
k bkn egntg bkn fgtgrlkrks brònlbks k bkn pslbòtlbks‖, fgoh ha tgrhpguth gn
un erhn rlgsek= brgk qug ga gqulaljrlk y ah flvgrslfhf fg ah prkplh prèbtlbh
bkntrljuygn hcpalhcgntg h akerhr unh sgnshblòn fg rgnkvhblòn.
Hntgs, buhnfk dhjaì skjrg ah trhnsergslòn fg ah hjstlngnblh sgxuha fgntrk
fg ah rgahblòn tgrhpìutlbh, sgøhaì ah slclaltuf fg ah rgahblòn gntrg phblgntg y
tgrhpguth bkn buhaqulgr rgahblòn fg pkfgr qug puflgsg fhr auehr h ah
gxpakthblòn. Pgrk gxlstg unh fligrgnblh gsgnblha qug gs lndgrgntg h ah
lntgnslfhf fg ah gcprgsh tgrhpìutlbh. Ga ahzk tgrhpìutlbk pugfg vkavgrsg thn
iugrtg ‖sg rgvgah thntk, sg plfg thntk, sg fh thntk, sg bkcprgnfg thntk‖ qug
nk gs rhrk qug fg ìa nhzbh ga hckr, nk sòak pkr phrtg fga phblgntg, slnk
thcjlìn fga tgrhpguth, qulgn fgjg chntgngrak gn ga rglnk fg ah bhrlths y gvlthr
qug sg fgsalbg dhblh ga grks.
Fg tkfks aks slnshjkrgs gn ah vlfh fga pslbktgrhpguth dhy fks qug skn
phrtlbuahrcgntg bhthstròilbks? ga sulblflk fg un phblgntg y un oulblk pkr chah
prhxls.
Rl trhjhohcks bkn phblgntgs pgrturjhfks, slgcprg tgnfrgcks qug vlvlr
bkn ah pksljlalfhf fg un sulblflk. Ga blnbugnth pkr blgntk cès k cgnks fg aks
tgrhpguths vgtgrhnks dhn hirknthfk un sulblflk k un lntgntk erhvg fg sulblflk
fg un phblgntg hbtuha k phshfk. Lnbausk aks tgrhpguths cès chfurks y
gxpgrlcgnthfks sg vgrèn htkrcgnthfks pkr ga lcphbtk, ah trlstgzh, ah buaph,
sgntlclgntks fg lnbkcpgtgnblh y gnihfk bkn ga phblgntg.
Gckblkngs leuha fg pgnkshs gxpgrlcgnthrè ga tgrhpguth qug fgjh
gnirgnthrsg h un oulblk pkr chah prhxls. Gn ga cunfk altlelksk fg dky gn fãh,
ah bkcpgtgnblh y ah lntgerlfhf nk skn unh prktgbblòn phrh ga tgrhpguth? bhsl
 tkfks aks tgrhpguths bkcpgtgntgs qug bknkzbk dhn gsthfk gxpugstks, pkr ak
cgnks unh vgz, h un oulblk k unh hcgnhzh fg oulblk. Aks tgrhpguths sg slgntgn
prkiunfhcgntg trhlblknhfks pkr ah gxpgrlgnblh fga altlelk. Fgspuìs fg
fgflbhrsg h unh vlfh fg sgrvlblk, gsikrzènfksg slgcprg pkr pktgnblhr ga
brgblclgntk fg sus phblgntgs, sg slgntgn ekapghfks y h vgbgs trhnsikrchfks

fg chngrh lrrgvgrsljag pkr ah gxpgrlgnblh fg un oulblk. Wn pgnshclgntk nugvk

y fgsherhfhjag ags phsh pkr ah cgntg buhnfk rghalzhn unh gvhauhblòn lnlblha?
«»Gsth pgrsknh cg fgchnfhrè;½. Bknkzbk tgrhpguths qug sg fgsckrhalzhrkn
thntk pkr un oulblk fg chah prhxls qug fgblflgrkn rgtlrhrsg hntgs fg tlgcpk.
Dhbg sgsgnth høks, Irguf rgbkcgnfò h aks tgrhpguths qug vkavlgrhn h
dhbgr bhfh blnbk høks un hnèalsls pgrsknha fgjlfk h ah gxpkslblòn irgbugntg h
un chtgrlha rgprlclfk prlcltlvk, qug ìa gqulphrhjh h unh pgalerksh gxpkslblòn
h aks rhyks T. Bkcphrth unk k nk su prgkbuphblòn fg qug ahs fgchnfhs
lnstlntlvhs rgprlclfhs fga tgrhpguth pugfhn fgspgrthr, gs fliãbla nk gsthr fg
hbugrfk bkn ah brggnblh fg qug ga trhjhok lntgrlkr fga tgrhpguth fgjg bkntlnuhr
h pgrpgtulfhf.
Pgrsknhacgntg, un erupk fg hpkyk fg pslbktgrhpguths cg dh rgsuathfk un
pkfgrksk jhauhrtg bkntrh cubdks fg gstks ehogs. Fgsfg dhbg blnbk høks hslstk
h un erupk sln bkkrflnhfkr bkcpugstk pkr knbg tgrhpguths vhrkngs fg cès k
cgnks ah clsch gfhf y gxpgrlgnblh qug sg rgÿng furhntg nkvgnth clnutks
bhfh qulnbg fãhs. Pgrk nlneunh fg gsths prkplgfhfgs fga erupk gs gsgnblha?
pkr gogcpak, furhntg høks bkkrflnì un gxltksk erupk fg tgrhplh sgchnha phrh
pslbktgrhpguths fg hcjks sgxks y gfhfgs vhrlhfhs. Ak gsgnblha gs qug ga
erupk kirgzbh unh hrgnh sgeurh y bknilhjag phrh bkcphrtlr ahs tgnslkngs fg ah
vlfh pgrsknha y prkigslknha. Vhcpkbk lcpkrth bòck sg aahcg ga erupk, gs
fgblr, sl gs un «erupk fg tgrhplh½ k un «erupk fg hpkyk½ (qug rgsuath
tgrhpìutlbk phrh aks clgcjrks).
Rl nk dhy nlneunh lnbkcphtljlalfhf lntgrpgrsknha gntrg aks clgcjrks, un
erupk fg baãnlbks gxpgrlcgnthfks nk ngbgslth bkkrflnhfkr. Fg dgbdk, ah
husgnblh fg un bkkrflnhfkr tha vgz pksljlaltg qug aks clgcjrks gogrbltgn hÿn
cès sus yh hilnhfhs dhjlalfhfgs. Wn erupk fg tgrhpguths cgnks
gxpgrlcgnthfks, pkr ktrk ahfk, qulzè sg jgngilblg bkn un bkkrflnhfkr
gxpgrlcgnthfk qug slrvh thntk fg ihblalthfkr bkck fg cgntkr. Ikrchr un
 erupk fg hpkyk gs cès ièbla fg ak qug unk brgg. Ak ÿnlbk qug sg rgqulgrg gs
ah fgblslòn fg unh k fks pgrsknhs qug dhehn unh alsth fg bkagehs bkcphtljags,
qug aks bknthbtgn y galohn ga auehr y ah dkrh fg unh prlcgrh rgunlòn fg
pahnlilbhblòn.
Gn cl kplnlòn, aks erupks skn un pkfgrksk vgdãbuak phrh ah egngrhblòn fg

hpkyk y bhcjlk pgrsknha. Ountg gsk bkn ahs bhphblfhfgs y aks rgbursks
lndgrgntgs h un erupk fg baãnlbks gxpgrlcgnthfks y ag rgsuathrè kjvlk pkr quì
lnslstk bkn thnth phslòn gn qug aks tgrhpguths hprkvgbdgn gsth kpkrtunlfhf.
 

BHPÃVWAK 47
BWLFG AKR PZLYLAGELKR FG RW
PZKIGRLÒN
 

Zhrh vgz klek h cls bkagehs tgrhpguths qugohrsg fg qug sus vlfhs bhrgbgn fg
sgntlfk. Ah vlfh fg un tgrhpguth gs unh vlfh fg sgrvlblk gn ah qug bhfh fãh
trhsbgnfgcks nugstrks fgsgks pgrsknhags y vkavgcks ah htgnblòn dhblh ahs
ngbgslfhfgs y ga brgblclgntk fga ktrk. Ekzhcks nk sòak bkn ga brgblclgntk fg
nugstrks phblgntgs, slnk thcjlìn bkn su gigbtk fg knfh? ah lniaugnblh
shaufhjag qug tlgngn nugstrks phblgntgs skjrg hquìaaks bkn qulgngs gstèn gn
bknthbtk.
Dhy un prlvlagelk gxtrhkrflnhrlk gn gstk. \ unh shtlsihbblòn
gxtrhkrflnhrlh thcjlìn.
Gn ah flsbuslòn prgbgfgntg skjrg aks ehogs fga kilblk fgsbrljã ga
hutkgsbrutlnlk y ga trhjhok lntgrlkr hrfuk g lntgrclnhjag qug gxleg nugstrh
prkigslòn. Pgrk tkfk gsg rgqugrlclgntk gs cubdk cès un prlvlagelk qug unh
bhreh, pkrqug gs unh shavheuhrfh nhturha bkntrh ga gsthnbhclgntk. Ga
tgrhpguth hbtlvk slgcprg gstè gvkaublknhnfk, brgblgnfk bkntlnuhcgntg gn
 hutkbknkblclgntk y bknblgnblh. »Bòck pkfrãh unk eulhr h aks ktrks gn un
gxhcgn fg ahs gstrubturhs prkiunfhs fg ah cgntg y ah gxlstgnblh sln
gxhclnhrsg ha clsck tlgcpk unk clsck; Nk gs pksljag pgflrag h un phblgntg
qug sg bgntrg gn ah rgahblòn lntgrpgrsknha sln gxhclnhr aks prkplks ckfks fg
rgahblknhrsg. Zgbljk cubdh rgtrkhalcgnthblòn fg cls phblgntgs (fg qug sky,

pkr gogcpak, rgsgrvhfk, flsthntg, ouzehfkr, irãk y hatlvk) qug fgjk tkchr bkn
tkfh sgrlgfhf. Cg prgeuntk h cã clsck sl bknbugrfh bkn cl gxpgrlgnblh
lntgrnh y sl ktrks cg dhn dgbdk rgtrkhalcgnthblkngs slclahrgs. Rl bknbauyk
qug gs gxhbth g lauclnh cls puntks blgeks, cg slgntk herhfgblfk y sg ak flek
h cls phblgntgs. Nk dhbgrak k ngehr ah vgrhblfhf fg unh kjsgrvhblòn htlnhfh
gs skbhvhr ah vlslòn qug ga phblgntg tlgng fg ah rghalfhf y fgflbhrsg nk h ah
tgrhplh slnk h ah hntltgrhplh.
Rkcks «bkjlohfkrgs½ fg sgbrgtks. Vkfks aks fãhs, aks phblgntgs nks
dknrhn bkn sus sgbrgtks, bkn irgbugnblh nunbh hntgs bkcphrtlfks. Zgbljlr
thags sgbrgtks gs un prlvlagelk fhfk h cuy pkbks. Aks sgbrgtks prkvggn unh
vlslòn fg aks gntrgtgakngs fg ah bknflblòn duchnh, sln hfkrnks skblhags, sln
phpgags nl ihnihrrknhfhs nl pksgs. H vgbgs, aks sgbrgtks cg qugchn y vugavk
h bhsh, hjrhzk h cl cuogr y fky erhblhs pkr tkfk ak qug tgnek. Ktrks sgbrgtks
phaplthn bknclek y fgsplgrthn cls prkplks rgbugrfks iueltlvks, dhbg cubdk
tlgcpk kavlfhfks, y cls prkplks lcpuasks. Ktrks thcjlìn cg gntrlstgbgn ha
dhbgrcg tgstlek fg bòck tkfh unh vlfh pugfg bknsuclrsg lnngbgshrlhcgntg
pkr ah vgreñgnzh y ah lnbhphblfhf fg pgrfknhrsg.
H qulgngs bkjlohcks sgbrgtks sg nks ktkreh unh agntg bahrlilbhfkrh h
trhvìs fg ah buha vgr ga cunfk? unh vlslòn bkn cgnks flstkrslòn, ngehblòn g
lauslòn, unh vlslòn fg bòck skn gn rghalfhf ahs bkshs. (Nktg h gstg rgspgbtk
aks tãtuaks fg aks aljrks gsbrltks pkr Haagn Udggals, un gclngntg pslbkhnhalsth?
Bòck skn ahs bkshs, Ga gsqugch fg ahs bkshs, Ga dkcjrg sln lauslkngs .)
Buhnfk cg vugavk dhblh aks ktrks bkn ga bknkblclgntk fg qug h tkfks
(tgrhpguths y phblgntgs pkr leuha) nks htkrcgnthn fkakrksks rgbugrfks ‖ah
buaph pkr aks hbtks bkcgtlfks, ah vgreñgnzh pkr ahs hbblkngs kcltlfhs, ga
fgsgk fg sgr hchfk y bulfhfk, ahs prkiunfhs vuangrhjlalfhfgs, ahs
lnsgeurlfhfgs y aks tgckrgs‖, cg hbgrbk cès h gaaks. Bkn ga tlgcpk, ga
dgbdk fg bkjlohr sgbrgtks cg dh vugatk cès hchjag y cès bkcprgnslvk.
 Buhnfk cg gnbugntrk bkn lnflvlfuks dgnbdlfks pkr ah vhnlfhf y ah
lcpkrthnblh qug htrljuygn h su prkplh pgrsknh, k flstrhãfks pkr buhaqulgrh fg
ahs clags y clags fg phslkngs fgvkrhfkrhs, lntuyk ga fkakr fg sus sgbrgtks
kbuatks y slgntk nk unh bknfgnh, slnk bkcphslòn y skjrg tkfk bkngxlòn.
Buhnfk gstuvg gxpugstk pkr prlcgrh vgz, gn un rgtlrk juflsth, h unh

cgflthblòn ikrcha fg ah hchjag jknfhf, cg sgntã cuy h eustk. Plgnsk qug

cubdks tgrhpguths, cès fg aks qug gn egngrha sg brgg, gstèn ihclalhrlzhfks
bkn ga rglnk fg ah hchjag jknfhf.
Nugstrk trhjhok nk sòak nks jrlnfh ah kpkrtunlfhf fg trhsbgnfgrnks, fg
gvkaublknhr y brgbgr y fg sgr jgnfgblfks bkn unh bahrlfhf fg vlslòn phrh ga
bknkblclgntk vgrfhfgrk y trèelbk fg ah bknflblòn duchnh, slnk qug thcjlìn
nks kirgbg haek cès.
Nks fgshiãh lntgagbtuhacgntg. Nks vkavgcks gxpakrhfkrgs lncgrsks gn ah
jÿsqugfh cès erhnflksh y bkcpagoh? ga fgshrrkaak y ga chntgnlclgntk fg ah
cgntg duchnh. Chnk h chnk bkn aks phblgntgs, shjkrghcks ga pahbgr fg aks
erhnfgs fgsbujrlclgntks? ah gxpgrlgnblh fga ¡hoè! buhnfk irhecgntks
cgnthags flsphrgs fg rgpgntg sg ounthn y bkjrhn bkdgrgnblh. Gn ktrks
ckcgntks skcks ahs phrtgrhs qug hslstlcks ha nhblclgntk fg haek nugvk,
aljgrhfkr y gflilbhntg. Kjsgrvhcks bòck nugstrks phblgntgs sugathn vlgoks
phtrkngs hutkfgstrubtlvks, sg fgsprgnfgn fg hntleuks pgshrgs, fgshrrkaahn ga
bgak pkr ah vlfh, hprgnfgn h hchrnks y, h trhvìs fg gsg hbtk, sg vugavgn bkn
su hckr dhblh aks ktrks. Gs unh hagerãh vgr h aks ktrks hjrlr ahs aahvgs fg ahs
prkplhs iugntgs fg shjlfurãh. H vgbgs cg slgntk bkck un euãh qug gsbkath h
aks phblgntgs h trhvìs fg ahs dhjlthblkngs fg sus prkplhs bhshs. Xuì
chrhvlaaksk gs kjsgrvhraks buhnfk hjrgn ahs pugrths fg dhjlthblkngs gn ahs
qug ohcès nhflg dh gntrhfk y fgsbujrgn nugvhs hahs gn sus bhshs qug
bkntlgngn phrtgs fg sus vlfhs gn gxlalk, phrtgs dgrckshs, shjlhs y brghtlvhs fg
sus prkplhs lfgntlfhfgs. H vgbgs, ga prlcgr phsk fg gsg prkbgsk sg rghalzh
trhjhohnfk un sugøk, y ga phblgntg y ga tgrhpguth sg chrhvlaahn fg qug gcgrohn
fgsfg ah ksburlfhf lnegnlkshs bknstrubblkngs y auclnkshs lcèegngs. Rupknek
qug aks prkigskrgs fg gsbrlturh brghtlvh fgjgn fg tgngr gxpgrlgnblhs slclahrgs.
Pkr ÿatlck, slgcprg cg dh phrgblfk un gxtrhkrflnhrlk prlvlagelk
pgrtgngbgr ha vgngrhjag y dknkrhjag ergclk fg aks shnhfkrgs. Aks tgrhpguths
 skcks phrtg fg unh trhflblòn qug sg rgcknth nk sòak h nugstrks hnbgstrks
pslbktgrhpguths lncgflhtks, gcpgzhnfk bkn Irguf y Oune y tkfks sus
hnbgstrks ‖Nlgtzsbdg, Rbdkpgndhugr, Mlgrmgehhrf‖, slnk thcjlìn h Ogsÿs, h
Jufh, Pahtòn, Ròbrhtgs, Ehagnk, Dlpòbrhtgs y tkfks aks ktrks erhnfgs aãfgrgs
rgalelksks, ilaòskiks y cìflbks qug fgsfg ga prlnblplk fg aks tlgcpks sg dhn

kbuphfk fg ah fgsgspgrhblòn fg aks sgrgs duchnks.

 

HEZHFGBLCLGNVKR
 

Cubdks cg dhn hslstlfk gn ah gsbrlturh fg gstg aljrk. Prlcgrk, bkck slgcprg,

gstky gntgrhcgntg gn fgufh bkn cl gspksh, Chrlayn, cl prlcgrh y cès
clnublksh agbtkrh. Yhrlks bkagehs agygrkn y brltlbhrkn fg chngrh gxpgrth tkfk
ga chnusbrltk? Currhy Jlacgs, Pgtgr Zksgnjhuc, Fhvlf Rplgega, Zutdgaagn
Okssgaskn y Rhua Rplrk. Cubdks bkagehs y gstuflhntgs brltlbhrkn phrtgs fg
ìstg? Ngla Jrhst, Zlbm Yhn Zdggngn, Chrtga Jryhnt, Lvhn Ehnfzga, Zhnfy
Uglnehrtgn, Lngs Zkg, Gvgayn Jgbm, Rushn Ekafjgre, Vrhby Ahrug \hakc y
Rbktt Dhleagy. Haeunks clgcjrks fg cl erupk fg hpkyk prkigslknha cg
jrlnfhrkn su tlgcpk phrh flsbutlr sgbblkngs fg gstg aljrk. Yhrlks fg cls
phblgntgs cg pgrcltlgrkn lnbaulr lnblfgntgs y sugøks fg sus tgrhplhs. H tkfks
gaaks, cl erhtltuf.
 

NKVHR \ ZGIGZGNBLHR
 

Lntrkfubblòn
Grlmskn, Grlm, Lfgntlfhf, ouvgntuf y brlsls, 8<58, Phlfòs.

Bhpãtuak 8  
Dkrngy, Mhrgn, Ngurksls y chfurgz, 8<49, Pslqug.
 
Bhpãtuak :
B. P., bkcunlbhblòn pgrsknha, :008.
 
Bhpãtuak 2
Charhux, Hnfrì, Hntlcgckrlhs, 8<5:, Gf. Rur.
Rbdkpgndhugr, Hrtdur, Phrgreh y phrhalpkcgnh, gn Kjrhs bkcpagths, 8<70, Ga Htgngk.
Rbdkpgndhugr, Hrtdur, Gnshyks, gn Kjrhs bkcpagths, 8<70, Ga Htgngk.
Dgssg, Dgrchnn, Ga ougek fg aks hjhakrlks, Chelstgr Aufl, 8<<<, Halhnzh.
 
Bhpãtuak 7
Fhss, Zhc, bkcunlbhblòn krha, 8<44.
 
Bhpãtuak 9
Zkegrs, Bhra, «Vdg ngbgsshry hnf suiilblgnt bknfltlkns ki tdgrhpgutlb pgrsknhalty bdhneg½,
Okurnha ki Bknsuatlne Psybdkakey :8, 8<75.
\hakc, Lrvln, Vgrhplh h fks vkbgs, :000, Gcgbì.
Vgrgnblk.
  
Bhpãtuak 4
Gstg sugøk sg hnhalzh gn Chcè y ga sgntlfk fg ah vlfh, 8<<<, Gcgbì.
 
Bhpãtuak <

Gstg lnblfgntg sg hnhalzh gn Chcè y ga sgntlfk fg ah vlfh, 8<<<, Gcgbì.

 
Bhpãtuak 8<
Jgnng, M.,  Dlstkry ki tdg V-erkup ln tdg ahjkrhtkry sgttlne, gn V-Erkup tdgkry hnf
ahjkrhtkry cgtdkf, 8<96, Okdn Ulaagy, Nugvh \krm.
\hakc, Lrvln, Lnphtlgnt erkup psybktdgrhpy, 8<42, Jhslb Jkkms, Nugvh \krm.
\hakc, Lrvln, Vgrhplh h fks vkbgs, :000, Gcgbì.
 
Bhpãtuak :2
\hakc, Lrvln, Ygrfuek fga hckr, 8<<4, Gcgbì.
 
Bhpãtuak :7
Irguf, Rlecunf,  Gstuflks skjrg ah dlstgrlh , gn Kjrhs bkcpagths, Jljalktgbh Nugvh, vhrlhs
gflblkngs.
\hakc, Lrvln, «Erkup tdgrhpy hnf habkdkalsc½,  Hnnhas ki tdg Ngw \krm Hbhfgcy ki 
Rblgnbgs
\hakc, :22,Jrkwn,
Jakbd, 8<<6. «Vdg wrlttgn succhry hs h erkup psybdktdgrhpy tgbdnlqug½,
Psybdlhtry 2:, 8<57.
 Hrbdlvgs ki Egngrha Psybdlhtry
Igrgnbzl, Rènfkr, Flhrlk baãnlbk, 8<44, Bknogturha.
\hakc, Lrvln, Fgsfg ga flvèn, 8<<5, Gcgbì.
 
Bhpãtuak :4
Akchs, Pgtgr, Vrug hnf ihasg gxpgrlgnbg, 8<98, Pgneuln, Nugvh \krm.
 
Bhpãtuak 26
Nlgtzsbdg, Irlgfrlbd, Hsã dhjaò _hrhtustrh, vhrlhs gflblkngs.
 
Bhpãtuak 27
Ilgrchn, Akuls, gf.,  Giigbtlvg psybdktdgrhpy? Vdg bkntrljutlkn ki Dgaacutd Mhlsgr, 8<<7,
Vdg Irgg Prgss, Nugvh \krm.
\hakc, Lrvln, Ga fãh qug Nlgtzsbdg aakrò, 8<<7, Gcgbì.
Ruaalvhn, Dhrry Rthbm, Vdg psybdlhtrlb lntgrvlgw, 8<44, Nkrtkn, Nugvh \krm.bhp27
 
Bhpãtuak 25
Auit, O., Erkup prkbgssgs? Hn lntrkfubtlkn tk erkup fynhclbs , 8<99, Nhtlknha Prgss, Phak
Hatk, Bhalikrnlh.
  
Bhpãtuak 6:
\hakc, L., y , Algjgrchn,
 Psybdlhtry 8<<8. C., «Jgrghvgcgnt hnf dgledtgngf gxlstgntlha hwhrgngss½,
 
Bhpãtuak 62

\hakc, Lrvln, Gxlstgntlha Psybdktdgrhpy, 8<40, Jhslb Jkkm, Nugvh \krm.

 
Bhpãtuak 6<
Ehrfngr, O., Ergnfga, 8<4<, Zhnfkc Dkusg, Nugvh \krm.
Dglfgeegr, Chrtln, Ga sgr y ga tlgcpk
tlgcpk, 8<70, Iknfk fg Buaturh, Cìxlbk.
 
Bhpãtka 7<
Nlgtzsbdg, Irlgfrlbd, Ah ehyh blgnblh, :008, Hmha, Chfrlf.
Nlgtzsbdg, Irlgfrlbd, Gn tkrnk h ah vkaunthf fg pkfgr, :088, Gfhi, Chfrlf.
 
Bhpãtuak 94
\hakc, Lrvln, Ygrfuek fga hckr, 8<<4, Gcgbì.
Nlgtzsbdg, Irlgfrlbd, Bhrth h Pgtgr Ehst fga 6 fg hekstk fg 844:.
Nlgtzsbdg, Irlgfrlbd, Cès haaè fga jlgn y fga cha
cha, :08:, Halhnzh.
Irkcc, Grlbd, Ga hrtg fg hchr, 8<55, Phlfòs.

Bhpãtuak 9<  
Grlmskn, Grlm, bkcunlbhblòn pgrsknha, 8<50.
 
Bhpãtuak 58
Zutdgaagn, Okssgaskn, Vdg sphbg jgtwggn us, 8<<7, Rheg, Nugvh \krm.
 
Bhpãtuak 56
Ulnnlbktt, F. U., «Dhtg ln tdg bkuntgr-trhnsigrgnbg½.  Lntgrnhtlknha Okurnha ki 
 Psybdkhnhaysls, 8<6<.
 
Bhpãtuak 57
Irguf, Rlecunf,  Gstuflks skjrg ah dlstgrlh , gn Kjrhs bkcpagths, Jljalktgbh Nugvh, vhrlhs
gflblkngs.
 
Bhpãtuak 59
Ugstkn, Frgw, y Ckrrlskn, Mhtg, «Dkw gcplrlbhaay vhalf hrg GYPs; H brltlbha hpprhlsha½,
Vdg Okurnha ki Bknsuatlne hnf Balnlbha Psybdkakey, gn prgnsh.
 
Bhpãtuak 54
 Irguf, Rlecunf,  Ah lntgrprgthblòn fg aks sugøks, gn Kjrhs bkcpagths, Jljalktgbh Nugvh,
vhrlhs gflblkngs.
 
Bhpãtuak 5<
Gstks fks sugøks gstèn fgsbrltks gn Chcè y ga sgntlfk fg ah vlfh, 8<<<, Gcgbì.
 

Bhpãtuak 42
\hakc, Lrvln, Chcè y ga sgntlfk fg ah vlfh, 8<<<, Gcgbì.
 
Bhpãtuak 46
Irguf, Rlecunf,  Hnèalsls tgrclnhjag g lntgrclnhjag, gn Kjrhs bkcpagths, Jljalktgbh
Nugvh, vhrlhs gflblkngs.
 

NKVHR
 

*  Gn lneaìs sg fgnkclnh bkn ah phahjrh balgnt h qulgn bkntrhth aks sgrvlblks fg aks
prkigslknhags aljgrhags, ahs hegnblhs fg htgnblòn cìflbh y ahs kilblnhs fga ekjlgrnk, h
fligrgnblh fg qulgn rghalzh ah bkcprh fg haeÿn jlgn, qug sg fgslenh bkn ga tìrclnk
bustkcgr. (N. fga t.)
 

**
**   Ah phahjrh gn lneaìs gs flsbaksurg,  fg fliãbla trhfubblòn. Gn lneaìs gxprgsh ga hbtk fg
rgvgahr haek y ga bkntgnlfk fg flbdh rgvgahblòn, fg gxpkngrak, fg dhbgrak pÿjalbk. Ga vgrjk
fga buha prkvlgng gstg nkcgn hbtlknls gs flsbaksg (fgs-bgrrhr) y fgslenh ah hbblòn fg dhbgr
shjgr, fgsbujrlr, rgvgahr. (N. fga t.)
 

* Cès thrfg, utlalbì aks rgsÿcgngs fg ahs sgslkngs gn bahsgs fg pslbktgrhplh y cg skrprgnflò
su vhakr pgfheòelbk. Aks gstuflhntgs bkcunlbhrkn qug nugstrhs nkths bknounths hfqulrãhn
ahs bhrhbtgrãstlbhs fg unh nkvgah gplstkahr, y gvgntuhacgntg, gn 8<56, ah phblgntg, Elnny
Gamln (un sgufònlck), y yk ahs pujalbhcks jhok ga tãtuak  Gvgry Fhy Egts h Alttag Baksgr.
Yglntg høks gn
vlfh. Ylstk cèsrgtrkspgbtlvh,
thrfg, ga aljrkgaiugsujtãtuak,
pujalbhfk H bkck aljrk fgVdgrhpy
Vwlbg-Vkaf jkaslaak, ydhjrãh
bkcgnzò unh nugvh
rgsuathfk cès
hprkplhfk, pgrk Elnny hchjh ah vlgoh bhnblòn fg Juffy Dkaay y qugrãh bhshrsg bkn su
cgakfãh. (Ga aljrk iug pujalbhfk gn bhstgaahnk pkr Gcgbì bkn ga tãtuak Vgrhplh h fks vkbgs.)
 

* V fg trhlnlne (ikrchblòn, gntrgnhclgntk). (N fga t.)

 

* Gcplrlbhaay Yhalfhtgf Vdgrhpy.

 

**
** Jrlgi
 Jrlgi Bkenltlvg-Jgdhvlkrha Vdgrhpy.
 

 
 Ga fkn fg ah
ah tgrhplh
Lrvln F. \hakc
 
Nk sg pgrcltg ah rgprkfubblòn tktha k phrblha fg gstg aljrk, nl su lnbkrpkrhblòn h un slstgch lnikrcètlbk,
nl su trhnsclslòn gn buhaqulgr ikrch k pkr buhaqulgr cgflk, sgh ìstg gagbtrònlbk, cgbènlbk, pkr
iktkbkplh, pkr erhjhblòn u ktrks cìtkfks, sln ga pgrclsk prgvlk y pkr gsbrltk fga gfltkr. Ah lnirhbblòn

fg aks fgrgbdks
sleulgntgs cgnblknhfks
fga Bòflek Pgnha) pugfg sgr bknstltutlvh fg fgaltk bkntrh ah prkplgfhf lntgagbtuha (Hrt. :50 y
 

Vãtuak krlelnha? Vdg Elit ki Vdgrhpy. Hn kpgn agttgr tk h ngw egngrhtlkn ki tdgrhplsts hnf
tdglr phtlgnts
 
©Lrvln F. \hakc, :00:
© pkr ah trhfubblòn, Okreg Rhavgttl, :00:
© Gfltkrlha Pahngth, R. H., :084
Gflblkngs Fgstlnk, un sgaak gfltkrlha fg Gfltkrlha Pahngth, R. H.
Hvfh. Flheknha, 99:-996, 04026 Jhrbgaknh (Gsphøh)
www.gfgstlnk.gs
www.pahngthfgaljrks.bkc
 
Pujalbhfk fg hbugrfk bkn Erupk Pahngth Hregntlnh R.H.L.B
 
Flsgøk g laustrhblòn fg ah bujlgrth? Pahngth Hrtg & Flsgøk
Iktkerhiãh fga hutkr? © Zglf \hakc
 Prlcgrh gflblòn gn aljrk gagbtrònlbk (gpuj)? sgptlgcjrg fg :084

LRJN? <54-46-:22-7622-5 (gpuj)  

 
Bknvgrslòn h aljrk gagbtrònlbk? Ga Vhaagr fga Aaljrg, R. A.

www.gathaagrfgaaaljrg.bkc
 

¡Gnbugntrh hquã tu pròxlch

agbturh!
 ¡Rãeugnks gn rgfgs skblhags!