MALUNGGAy (Moringa oleifera) LEAVES AS

A DyE ON CLOTHING FABRICS

A Science Investigatory Project

Title Proposal Presented to the

Faculty of Science Department

SAN ROQUE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Bamban, Tarlac

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Consumer Chemistry and Research I

Prepared by:

JHONEL KENNETH V. CASTRO

ISAGANI GRIFFIN M. GABRIEL JR.

CLARISE ANGEL T. LISING

PRECIOUS LLEANA B. PALES

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………

TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………. ii

INTRODUCTION

Introduction………………………………………………………..1

Statement of the Problem………………………………………….2

Hypothesis………………………………………………………....3

Significance of the Study……………………………………….....3

Scope and Limitations……………………………………………..4

METHODOLOG……………………………………………………..….5

BIBLIOGRAPH………………………………………………………….8

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 INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Dyeing has been used for many years so it is important to be eco-

friendly. Toxic chemicals in some synthetic dyes gives world pollution, it

is a major concern to everyone. Every nation now is trying to discover a

green environment due to their concern regarding pollution and hence to

avoid hazardous synthetic dyes and intermediates. Day by day in export

market, demands for natural dyed natural textiles have increased

(Pubalina, 2020). By using natural dyes, it is not only cost-effective, but

convenient as well.

According to Oxford Languages, dye is a natural or synthetic

substance used to add a color or to change the color of something. It

means dye can be used in fabrics, hair, leather, food, and etc.

In dyeing of fabrics, basic dyes are very important in textile

industry. Basic dyes can be used to dye many different fibers, including

natural fibers such as wool, silk, and cotton. They can also be used to dye

acrylic fibers and their lightfastness on acrylic fibers is very good

(Przybylek, 2022)

Moringa Oleifera also known as Malunggay in the Philippines is

recognized as a food source that can help ease micronutrient deficiency. It

contains around 20 types of amino acids, 46 antioxidants, 36 anti-

inflammatory compounds, and more than 90 nutrients, which make it one

of the best nutritional supplements (Arnarson, 2018) malunggay (Moringa

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oleifera) is very common in the Philippines as you can find this

everywhere especially in the backyard or gardens of houses.

Nearly most part of Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) tree is useful

since it can be either cooked or it can be used on herbal medicines, but can

people make dye out of malunggy (Moringa oleifera) leaves?.

Most natural dyes need the presence of a mordant to be able to set

the colors on the fabrics, it helps with the longevity of the dye, the word

mordant comes from the french word ‘to bite’.

In this study, the researchers are aiming to make natural dye out of

malunggay (Moringa oleifera) since synthetic dyes has toxic chemicals

that adds to the pollution in our world.

A. Statement of the Problem

 The researchers aim to determine if malunggay (Moringa

oleifera) leaves is effective as alternative natural dyeing agent on

clothes.

 Will the results going to be different if the researchers apply

mordant before and after dyeing the fabrics?

 Most natural dyes need the presence of alum to be able to keep

the color of the dye on the fabric, would a malunggay dye on the

fabric with alum be able to withstand more than three washes?

B. Hypothesis

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B.1. Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)

 Malunggay dye is as an alternative natural dyeing agent on clothes.

 Applying alum before dyeing or after dyeing will affect the longevity

of the color.

 The fabric with malunggay dye and alum is able to withstand more

than three washes.

B.2. Null Hypothesis (Ho)

 Malunggay dye cannot be an alternative natural dyeing agent on white

clothes.

 Appling alum before dyeing, while ectracting the dye, or after dyeing

will not affect the longevity of the color.

 The fabric with malunggay dye is not able to withstand more than 3

washes.

C. Significance of the Study

The synthetic dye is reliable in making clothes colorful and

inexpensive. It may be helpful in textile industry but it can cause

problems. The process of dyeing involves a lot of water, and people who

use it does not have a effective way of cleaning it before it goes back to

the environment. The water that is wasted by textile dyeing is a huge

pollutant around the world. That is one of the reason why our environment

is ruined right now. That is why the researchers want to make a natural

dye to decrease pollution in the world. But not just that it is also cost-

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effective and it can be found anywhere in our community, it is also

efficient since the main ingredient that the researchers are going to use in

making natural dye is malunggay (Moringa oleifera). Malunggay is also

known as the “tree of life” because almost ever part of a malungga can be

either used for eating or for medicinal purposes. The researchers want to

conduct this study and test if malunggay can be used as dyes.

A. Scope and Delimitations

The focus of this study is to test if malunggay (Moringa oleifera)

is effective as a natural dyeing agent. The researchers will test and try to

make different shades of green and brown by boiling for four different set

of times (minutes). The researchers are going to experiment on 100%

cotton fabrics since 100% cotton fabrics tend to work well with dye and

are going to use fresh, dried, and drying leaves from the malunggay tree in

making dye.

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 Methodology

Safety Protocols

These are the safety protocols the researchers need to follow while

doing the experiment.

 Have a guardian present while doing the experiment.

 Be aware since working with gas and fire is dangerous.

 Avoid horseplay near the gas stove while the extraction is being

made.

 Use a towel or anything that can protect you or your hands when

straining.

 Although malunggay is used in many dishes, do not drink or

apply the liquid on your skin especiallv when it is still hot.

Materials

 Malunggay leaves (fresh, dried, and drying leaves)

 Weighing scale

 Water (liter)

 Stove

 Pot

 Laddle

 Strainer

 Timer

 Basin

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 Fabrics (100% cotton)

 Mordant (alum)

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  Drying racks

 White, red, orange, yellow, green. Blue, indigo, violet pastel

fabrics (3x2 inch)

 Thermometer

Procedure

Preparation and collection of materials

1. Collect 240 grams of malunggay (Moringa Oleifera) leaves 60

grams of fresh leaves and 80 grams of drying leaves from the tree

itself, Dry half of the fresh leaves (80 grams) under the sun for one

to two weeks

2. use a weighing scale to weigh the grams of the malunggay

(Moringa oleifera)

3. Cut out 24 white cotton fabrics (percent)

Extraction of Dye

1. Prepare a pot and put 1 liter of water, put it on high heat and bring

it to a boil (100 Degrees Celsius). When it boils, put 10 grams of fresh

malunggay leaves and boil for 25 minutes.

2. Make another batch and simmer for 30 minutes and then do the

same with the other batches but different time of boiling for 40

minutes and another for 50 minutes.

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 3. That’s makes it 4 batches of fresh leaves with 4 different shades of

green and then do the same for the drying leaves from the tree and the

dried leaves separately for different shades of brown

4. Make another batch with those minutes of simmering (25, 30, 40,

and 50 minutes but put alum.

5. Make a mordant by boiling 10 grams of alum until the alum is

melted.

Soaking and Drying of Dye

6. When it is done boiling, strain the leaves with a strainer to get rid of

the leaves and be left with the dve but use a towel or anything that can

protect your hands from the heat.

7. Since the researchers want to test when is mordant more effective,

soak 2 pieces of 3x2 inches of fabric on the alum for 1 to 2 hours and

then soak the fabrics in the dyes after. For the other test, soak another

2 pieces of 3x2 inches of fabrics on the dyes for 12 hours and then

soak the fabrics on the alum with the same time (for 1 to 2 hours).

And for the last one, soak the 2 3x2 inches of fabrics on the dyes that

has the alum for 12 hours as well

8. For drying, dry 6 of the fabrics with different treatments (alum is

going to be added before dyeing ,alum and dye together, after dyeing)

inside of the house, the other 6, dry it outside all day with the

presence of the sun.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHV

Pubalina. (2019). A Review on application of Natural Dyes on Textile

sFabrics and its Revival Strategy.

Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338663456_A_Review_o

n_Application_of_Natural_Dyes_on_Textile_Fabrics_and_Its_Rev

ival_Strategy

Przybylek. (2022). Textile dyes: History, Toxicity and pollution.

Retrived from https://study.com/academy/lesson/textile-dyes-

history-toxicity-pollution.html

Learn.Tearfund.org. (2023). Home-made plant dyes.

Retrived from

https://learn.tearfund.org/en/resources/footsteps/footsteps-21-

30/footsteps-21/homemade-plant-dyes.

Madangk.(n.d). Review of literature on natural dyes.

Retrived from

https://www.scribd.com/document/419004357/Review-of-

Literature-on-Natural-Dyes.

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Oxford Languages. (n.d.). Dye.

Retrieved from https://languages.oup.com/google-dictionary-en/

Oelz. (2018). Cotton Series…WHy IS COTTON SO EASy TO DyE:

Fashion/Textile Industry.

Retrived from

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/fashion-trending- cotton-series-

why-so-easy-dye-industry-letha- \oelz#:~:text=Why

%20are%20cotton%20fabrics%20used,soaking %20up

%20and%20releasing%20moisture.

MAIWA. (2013). Natural Dyes-Mordants Part 3.

Retrieved from

https://maiwahandprints.blogspot.com/2013/01/natural-dyes-

mordants-part- 3.html?m=#:~:text=Rinse

%20well.,sadden%20the%20next%20de %20bath.

Jewell. (2019). Best Mordants to use when Natural Dyeing.

Retrived from

https://www.theautumnacorn.com/post/best-mordants-to-use-

when-natural-dyeing

U. S Forest Device. (n.d.). Native Plant Dyes

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 Retrived from

https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/ethnobotan/dyes.shtml

Padhi. (2013). Pollution due to synthetic dyes toxicity & carcinogenicit

studies and remediation

Retrived from

https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target+ijor:ijies&volum

e+3&issue+3&article=002

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