Leyte Normal University

College of Education
Tacloban City

STAGES OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT MODEL, TYPES OF URBANIZED REGIONS,

AND URBAN MORPHOLOGY

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in

SSE 107: Urban Geography

Presented to:
Lester Q. Lelina
Faculty, Arts and Humanities

Presented by:
Gler Andrei V. Nabor
Carl Edward M. Ticala

TF 9:00-10:30 AM
BSED- Social Studies
 1898 DECLARATION OF PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

Acta de la Proclamación de la
Independencia del Pueblo
Filipino

On the 12 th
day of June 1898, the
document containing the declaration of
the Philippines an independent state and
Figure 1.0 shows the document declaring the recognizing Emilio Aguinaldo as its first
Philippines as an independent state and president was officially signed. There
recognizing Emilio Aguinaldo as the first had been 98 delegates from all over the
president. country—representing different regions
andI. sectors—who signed the B
aforementioned document.
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista is one of the historical figures credited with writing the Acta
de la Proclamación de la Independencia del Pueblo Filipino. Bautista was a lawyer and a
member of the revolutionary government who played a key role in drafting the document.
According to historical accounts, Bautista was selected by the leaders of the Philippine
Revolution to draft the declaration of independence because of his legal expertise and his
knowledge of Spanish. He worked closely with other members of the revolutionary
government, including Emilio Aguinaldo, to craft a document that would effectively declare
Philippine independence and establish a new government.

a
While Bautista is credited with
c
drafting the declaration of independence, it k
g
is important to note that the document was a r
o
collaborative effort among many members
u
of the revolutionary government who were n
d
working towards a common goal of freedom

and independence for the Filipino people.

Figure 2.0 shows a portrait photo of

of the author Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista

Ambrosio was born in

Biñán, La Laguna to Gregorio
Bautista and Silvestra Altamira. He is best known as the author of the Acta de la
proclamación de independencia del pueblo Filipino (act of proclamation of independence
of the Filipino people). He was affectionately known among friends and family members
as Don Bosyong during his lifetime.
 Bautista attended preparatory school in his hometown of Biñán. Later on, he
studied law at the Universidad de Santo Tomás where he obtained a degree in 1865. He
began his career in Manila and offered free legal services to poor clients. On 3 July 1892,
Bautista joined Rizal’s ill-fated La Liga Filipina, eventually becoming one of the
propagandistas (he was in fact a member of the Comité de Propaganda). This led to his
arrest in 1896 when the Katipunan rebellion broke out on the same year.

In May 1898, when Aguinaldo resumed the fight against Spain after the Biac-na-
Bató debacle, Bautista advised him to establish a provisional dictatorial government in
Cavite to which he acceded. But Bautista was best known as the one who prepared and
wrote the act of proclamation of independence of the Filipino people in Spanish which he
himself read aloud from the window of Aguinaldo’s mansion on 12 June 1898 (Bautista
patterned the act on the US declaration of independence). It was signed by 98 persons,
among them fellow Biñanenses Mariano Rianzares Bautista, Ramón Gana, Pastor López
de León, and Guido Yaptinchay.

Bautista died on 4 December 1903, three days short of his 73rd birthday.

II. Historical Context of the Document

The Act of Proclamation of Philippine Independence (Ákta de la Prok·la·mas·yón

de In·de·pen·dén·si·yá del Pu·wé·blo Fi·li·pí·no) is the document read on the day of the
declaration of independence of the Philippines on June 12, 1898, at the house of General
Emilio Aguinaldo in Kawit, Cavite. Written in Spanish by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista,
known as Don Bosyong, the proclamation was written from May to June 1898 and signed
by 98 people. The proclamation contained the desire for the country's freedom from
Spain's colonization.

The proclamation was a very important event after Aguinaldo's return from exile
in Hong Kong and part of the plan to end the Spanish colonization of the Philippines.
Aguinaldo returned aboard an American ship and believed that the United States would
be an ally in driving out the Spanish. On the evening of June 12, the National Flag of the
Philippines, sewn by Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo, and Delfina Herboza in
Hong Kong, was raised. The Marcha Filipina Magdalo, now known as the National
Anthem "Lupang Hinirang," composed by Julian Felipe, was also played.

Spain did not recognize the declaration in Cavite. Thus, the so-called second
phase of the Philippine Revolution continued. However, the United States also expressed
a greater desire to take control of the Philippines from Spain, which became clear with
the entry of the American army into Manila and later, with the signing of the Treaty of
Paris. Under the treaty, Spain sold the Philippines to the United States. At that time, the
Republic of the Philippines, which was established in Malolos, held almost the entire
archipelago. The Americans continued their goal of colonization, leading to the
Philippine-American War. The Americans emerged victorious but promised to prepare
the Filipinos towards independence. The United States granted the Philippines
independence on July 4, 1946. However, during the presidency of Diosdado Macapagal,
he moved the date of Independence Day to June 12 to recognize the proclamation in
Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898.
 Currently, the document of the declaration in Cavite is kept at the National
Library of the Philippines.

III. Content Presentation and Analysis

 Philippine Declaration of Independenceendencia del Pueblo Filipino, also known as

the Philippine Declaration of Independence, is a historic document that marks a
turning point in Philippine history. It is a significant milestone in the country's
struggle for independence from Spanish colonial rule and a symbol of the Filipino
people's resilience and determination to be free.

 The Act is composed of three main parts: the preamble, the declaration of
independence, and the list of signatories. Each part serves a distinct purpose in
outlining the context, significance, and implications of the declaration.

 The preamble of the Act sets the historical context for the declaration of
independence. It describes the oppressive nature of Spanish colonial rule in the
Philippines, the struggles of the Filipino people to attain freedom and independence,
and the support of foreign powers and the international community for the Filipino
cause. The preamble emphasizes the justness of the Filipino people's cause and the
legitimacy of their claim to independence.

 The declaration of independence itself is a powerful statement of the Filipino people's

determination to be free. It proclaims the Philippine Islands to be a sovereign nation
and declares that the Filipino people are entitled to the same rights and privileges as
other free nations. The declaration emphasizes the unity and solidarity of the Filipino
people in their struggle for independence, as well as their commitment to defend their
newly established government and nation.

 The list of signatories at the end of the Act is a testament to the bravery and sacrifice
of the leaders of the Philippine Revolution. The signatories affirmed their
commitment to the cause of Philippine independence and their willingness to defend
the newly established government. The list of signatories serves as a historical record
of the men who risked their lives to secure the freedom and independence of their
nation.

 Overall, the Acta de la Proclamación de la Independencia del Pueblo Filipino is a

remarkable document that embodies the spirit of the Filipino people's struggle for
freedom and independence. It serves as a reminder of the sacrifices and heroism of
the leaders of the Philippine Revolution, as well as a symbol of the resilience and
determination of the Filipino people to overcome adversity and fight for their rights
and freedoms.

IV. Contribution and Relevance of the Document in Understanding the Grand

Narrative of the Philippine History.
The Acta de la Proclamación de la Independencia del Pueblo Filipino is a
critically important document in Philippine history, as it represents the culmination of the
Filipino people's struggle for freedom and independence from Spanish colonial rule. It
serves as a powerful symbol of the Filipino people's resilience and determination to be
 free, and a reminder of the sacrifices made by the leaders of the Philippine Revolution to
secure the nation's independence. The Acta is a testament to the bravery and sacrifice of
the Filipino people in their struggle against colonial oppression. It represents a significant
milestone in the country's history, marking the birth of a new nation and the
establishment of a government that would work towards the welfare and prosperity of its
people. The document has contributed to the development of the grand narrative of
Philippine history by highlighting the key events and personalities that shaped the
country's struggle for independence. It emphasizes the importance of unity, solidarity,
and perseverance in achieving national liberation, and highlights the central role played
by the Filipino people in determining their own destiny. Moreover, the Acta has served as
a source of inspiration for subsequent generations of Filipinos who have continued to
fight for their rights and freedoms. It has become a symbol of the country's struggle for
independence and a reminder of the importance of upholding the principles of
democracy, freedom, and human rights. Overall, the Acta de la Proclamación de la
Independencia del Pueblo Filipino is a document of great historical and cultural
significance in the Philippines. Its relevance lies not only in its role as a marker of the
country's struggle for independence but also in its continuing impact on the country's
political and social development. As such, it continues to be studied, celebrated, and
honored as a key part of the grand narrative of Philippine history.

V. Bias/es to be accounted for

VI. Corroborated accounts

The Philippine Declaration of Independence - On June 12, 1898, General Emilio

Aguinaldo declared the independence of the Philippines from Spanish colonial rule. The
declaration was signed by Aguinaldo and other revolutionary leaders and was read from
the balcony of Aguinaldo's residence in Kawit, Cavite.

The Treaty of Paris - Signed on December 10, 1898, between the United States and
Spain, the treaty officially ended the Spanish-American War and ceded control of the
Philippines to the United States.

The Malolos Constitution - In 1899, the Philippine Revolutionary Government ratified

the Malolos Constitution, which established the First Philippine Republic. The document
outlined the framework of the new government and affirmed the Philippines' status as an
independent nation.

Letters and speeches by Emilio Aguinaldo - Aguinaldo was a key figure in the
Philippine Revolution and the leader of the newly established Philippine government. His
letters and speeches provide insight into the revolutionary movement and the struggle for
independence.

Newspaper articles and editorials from the time - Philippine and international
newspapers covered the events leading up to the declaration of independence and the
subsequent struggle for independence. Reading articles and editorials from this time can
provide valuable insights into the attitudes and beliefs of the people involved in the
conflict.
VII. References
(Alas, P. (n.d.). Acta de la proclamación de independencia del pueblo filipino [Blog
post]. Pepe Alas. https://pepealas.wordpress.com/tag/acta-de-la-proclamacion-de-
independencia-del-pueblo-filipino/) - Ambrosio R. Bautista’s background

National Library of the Philippines. (n.d.). Acta de la proclamacion de independencia del

pueblo filipino. NLP Digital Collections.
https://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/RB01/RB120120411/bs/datejpg.htm

Philippine Cultural Education Program. (n.d.). Acta de la proclamación de independencia

del pueblo filipino. https://philippineculturaleducation.com.ph/acta-de-la-proclamacion-
de-independencia-del-pueblo-filipino/

Philippine News Agency. (2020, June 12). PH's declaration of independence precedes
other Asian nations, surpasses Western hemisphere – historian.
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1105697#:~:text=%22There%20had%20been%20other
%20Asian,Western%20hemisphere%2C%22%20he%20said.