Hegemonic masculinity refers to a socially and culturally constructed set of ideas and

expectations about what it means to be a "real man" that are valued and enforced in a
particular society or culture. The concept of hegemonic masculinity was developed by
sociologist Raewyn Connell in the 1980s to describe the dominant form of masculinity in
Western societies.

Hegemonic masculinity emphasizes traits such as strength, toughness, competitiveness,

independence, and emotional restraint, while devaluing traits traditionally associated
with femininity, such as sensitivity, empathy, and emotional expressiveness. It also tends
to marginalize and stigmatize men who do not conform to these expectations, such as
gay men or men who prioritize family and caregiving over career success.

Hegemonic masculinity is not necessarily an inherent characteristic of all men, but rather a social
and cultural construct that is reinforced and perpetuated through various institutions, such as
the media, education, and government policies. The concept of hegemonic masculinity has been
criticized for its limited focus on the experiences of white, heterosexual men and for ignoring the
diverse experiences and perspectives of men from different backgrounds.

Hegemonic masculinity refers to the dominant form of masculinity within a particular

culture or society, which is often associated with power, authority, and control. It is a
social and cultural construct that has been reinforced through the history, institutions,
and media of a given society.

Hegemonic masculinity can be seen as a set of norms and expectations that dictate how
men should behave, including characteristics such as physical strength, emotional
restraint, and aggression. This concept also involves the subordination and
marginalization of women, as well as other forms of masculinity that do not fit the
dominant mold.

While hegemonic masculinity is not inherently negative, it can have harmful

consequences, such as the perpetuation of gender inequality, violence against women,
and negative health outcomes for men who feel pressure to conform to these ideals.
Understanding and challenging the concept of hegemonic masculinity is therefore
important for promoting gender equity and reducing gender-based violence.