CONFIDENTIAL 1 AS/MAY2023/BIO330

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

TEST 1

COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY

COURSE CODE : BIO330
EXAMINATION : MAY 2023
TIME : 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This questions consists of PART A (15 questions) and PART B (3 questions).

2. Answer ALL questions from all two (2) parts in this Question Paper.

3. Answer ALL questions in English.

NAME :

STUDENT ID :

GROUP :

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This question paper consists of 6 printed pages

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 CONFIDENTIAL 2 AS/MAY2023/BIO330

PART A (30 MARKS)

1. Uniform dispersion pattern for a population may indicate that

A. lack of intra-species competition.
B. resources are unevenly distributed.
C. individuals of the population are competing for resources.
D. there is an absence of strong attractions or repulsions within the population.

2. The following organism is incorrectly paired with its trophic level.

A. Cyanobacteria > primary producer.
B. Grasshopper > primary consumer.
C. Zooplankton > secondary consumer.
D. Maggots > detritivore.

3. Identify the ecosystem that has the lowest net primary productivity.
A. Temperate grassland
B. Estuaries
C. Marshes
D. Savanna

4. Select the correct abiotic factors that may affect the biological communities.
A. Bacteria
B. Prey
C. Humidity
D. Predatory animals

5. The following are the characteristics of Type III survivorship curve except
A. high death rates for the young.
B. high death rates after maturity.
C. produce a large number of offspring without parental care.
D. associated with r-selected species.

6. Predation and parasitism are similar in that both are

A. (+ +) interactions.
B. (+ -) interactions.
C. (+ 0) interactions.
D. (- -) interactions.

7. Identify the key factor that limits the number of trophic levels in an ecosystem.
A. Amount of incoming solar energy.
B. Heat loss.
C. The size of tertiary consumers.
D. The number of primary producers.

8. Select the correct ecological periodic disturbance.

A. Predation.
B. Illegal hunting.
C. Hurricanes.
D. Diseases.

9. Select the correct statement on longer-lived species.

A. Delayed reproduction.
B. Quick reproduction.

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 CONFIDENTIAL 3 AS/MAY2023/BIO330

C. Lack of parental care.

D. High number of offspring.

10. Identify the correct statement regarding the term ‘resource partitioning’.
A. Resource partitioning allows coexistence of different species.
B. Resource partitioning increases interspecific competition.
C. Resource partitioning allows superior species to eliminate inferior species.
D. Resource partitioning will force competitors to migrate.

11. Net secondary productivity represents

A. the amount of light energy converted to biomass.
B. the amount of chemical energy converted to biomass.
C. the biomass or energy gains by consumers after respiratory loss.
D. the total energy assimilated by consumers.

12. “An assemblage of populations of different species that interact and inhabit a
particular area”. This statement refers to
A. ecological ecosystem.
B. ecological organismal.
C. ecological population.
D. ecological community.

13. “The ability of a community to persist in the face of disturbance and related to
community stability but not individual stability”. This statement refers to
A. community disturbance.
B. community structure.
C. community resilience.
D. community stability.

14. Select the effect of keystone species on community structure.

A. Regulating the number of competing species.
B. Providing new habitat.
C. Eliminating native species.
D. Dominating a particular habitat.

15. Determine why a realised niche differs from a fundamental niche.

A. Suitable habitat
B. Food size and availability
C. Temperature limitation
D. Competition from other species

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PART B (30 MARKS)

QUESTION 1

a) Explain briefly three (3) sampling techniques to estimate population density.

(5 marks)

b) Describe logistic growth model.

(5 marks)

QUESTION 2

a) Distinguish between primary succession and secondary succession.

(5 marks)

b) Summarize defence adaptations in hosts against parasites.

(5 marks)

QUESTION 3

a) Discuss briefly on primary productivity in an ecosystem.

(5 marks)

b) Explain briefly type I and type II of survivorship curve.

(5 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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