Traffic Models and Capacity

Contents

n LTE User Classification

n Service Classification
n Traffic Model
n System Capacity

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Service Types

n Common LTE service types include VoIP, HTTP, FTP, Video Streaming, Gaming, Video Call,
and Email.
n The service model calculates the number of users and throughput rate in busy hours on
the basis of the specified service characteristics.
n The NGBR service of a user can be aggregated.

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LTE User Classification

n Mobile users: access the network anytime and anywhere. Terminals include handsets,
PDAs, tablet PCs, and laptops.
n Home broadband users: Terminals include modems and desktop computer plug-in
cards.
n Enterprise users: The LTE network provides enterprise users with network-access and
customized services. Terminals include modems and customized terminals.

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Contents

n LTE User Classification

n Service Classification
n Traffic Model
n System Capacity

5
Service Classification

l Teleservices：3GPP TS 22.003 describes circuit teleservices.

l Voice service
l Emergency call
l SMS

n Bearer Services
l Bearer services characterized by end-to-end QoS

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Service Classification

n Bearer Services
l Bearer services characterized by end-to-end QoS

Error Conversational Streaming audio

Voice messaging Fax
tolerant voice and video and video

E-commerce, Email arrival

Error Telnet, Web browsing, FTP, still image, notification
intolerant interactive games paging

Conversational Interactive Streaming Background

(delay < 1 second) (delay: about.1 second) (delay < (delay > 10 seconds)
10 seconds)

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Different Service Demands and Different Experience

Email Fans
MicroBlog, Twitter, and
Online Gaming Access Delay SNS Fans
Bandwidth

Round Trip Delay

Bandwidth Access Delay

Experience
Round Trip Delay Access Delay
Bandwidth Concurrent Multi Service
Jitter
Bandwidth
Packet Error Rate
Enterprise Jitter
Commander xPad Fans
Movie Viewer
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Service Classification
Medium Application Degree of Data Rate Key Performance Parameter and Target
Symmetry Value
End-to-end Delay Information
one-way delay variation loss
within a
call
Audio Conversational < 150 ms
voice Two-way 4–25 kb/s preferred < 1 ms < 3% FER
< 400 ms limit
Note 1
Video Videophone Two-way 32–384 < 150 ms - < 1% FER
kb/s preferred
< 400 ms limit
Lip-synch: <
100 ms
Data Telemetry Two-way < 28.8 kb/s < 250 ms -
Two-way Zero
control
Data Real-time Two-way < 60 kb/s < 75 ms - < 3% FER
games Note 2 preferred preferred,
< 5% FER limit
Note 2
Data Telnet Two-way < 1 KB < 250 ms - Zero
(asymmetric)

Expected real-time service performance

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Service Classification
Medium Application Degree of Data Key Performance Parameter and Target Value
Symmetry Rate
Startup delay Transport Packet loss at
delay the session
variation layer
Audio Speech, mixed < 10 s <2s < 1% of the
speech and One-way 5–128 packet loss
medium- and high- kb/s ratio
quality music

Video Movie clips, One-way 20–384 < 10 s <2s < 2% of the

surveillance, and kb/s packet loss
real-time video ratio
Data Bulk data One-way < 384 < 10 s - Zero
transfer/retrieval, kb/s
layout and
synchronisation
information
Data Still image One-way < 10 s - Zero

Expected stream service performance

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Contents

n LTE User Classification

n Service Classification
n Traffic Model
n System Capacity

11
LTE Traffic Model

n Based on ITU-T recommendations, this PPT presents three traffic models:

l Recommended traffic model
n Considers the oversubscription, service penetration (sub-ratio), and rate of the service, and better
represents features of LTE services and user habits.
l Traditional traffic model
n Focuses on ultra-high-end markets and ultra-low-end markets.
l Simple traffic model

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LTE Traffic Model
Average Rate/Service Average Rate/User
Sub- Oversub- (Kbps) (Kbps)
User Type Ratio Service Type
Ratio scription
Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink

VoIP 30% 6 12.2 12.2 0.55 0.55

Streaming Video 40% 20 512 32 9.22 0.58

Residential 90%
Web
100% 20 512 32 23.04 1.44
browsing/email
FTP/P2P 80% 20 512 64 18.43 2.30

VoIP 50% 6 44.8 44.8 0.37 0.37

Streaming Video 50% 20 512 64 1.28 0.16

Business 10%
Web
100% 20 512 128 2.56 0.64
browsing/email
FTP/P2P 60% 20 1024 64 3.07 0.19

Final average data rate per user (Kbps) 58.52 6.23

Recommended traffic model

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LTE Traffic Model
Traffic Parameter Value　

Average active DL throughput (kbps) 244

Average active UL throughput (kbps) 70

Active link ratio in one session 40%

Average Session Duration(s) 600

Busy Hour Sessions Per Sub 2

Data Traffic DL Average (kbps) in busyhour

32.47
Data Traffic UL Average (kbps) in busyhour
9.35

Traditional traffic model

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LTE Traffic Model
Traffic Parameter Value
Average active DL throughput (kbps) 1024

Average active UL throughput (kbps) 256

Oversubscription 20

Simple traffic model

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Contents

n LTE User Classification

n Service Classification
n Traffic Model
n System Capacity

16
System Capacity

n System throughput
l System bandwidth.
l Proportions of uplink traffic to downlink traffic (TDD LTE).

n Number of concurrent users

l In the VoIP service, 20 MHz bandwidth can support more than 300 concurrent users.

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System Throughput
Peak Throughput in Different Configurations (Unit: Mbps) 　
Peak Downlink Throughput
Configuration DL:UL
in a Cell (Mbps)
0 1:3 51.982
Downlink 2×2 1 2:2 81.938
MIMO 2 3:1 111.893
64QAM@20MHz 3 6:3 100.879
4 7:2 115.857
5 8:1 130.834
6 3:5 66.960
Peak Downlink Throughput
Configuration DL:UL
in a Cell (Mbps)
0 1:3 45.226
1 2:2 30.150
Uplink 2×2 MIMO
2 3:1 15.075
64QAM@20MHz
3 6:3 22.613
4 7:2 15.075
5 8:1 7.538
6 3:5 37.688

l This table is based on TDD LTE. For FDD LTE, the data is simpler : 2×2
MIMO FDD peak throughput : DL 150 Mbps, UL 75 Mbps.

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Average System Throughput

Average Downlink Average Uplink

Configuration DL:UL Throughput in a Cell Throughput in a Cell
(Mbps) (Mbps)

1 2:2 24.660 10.770

2 3:1 33.890 5.470

l This table is based on TDD LTE. For FDD LTE, the data is simpler : 2×2
MIMO FDD average throughput : DL 50 Mbps, UL 20 Mbps.

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Number of Concurrent Users

n Based on the traffic models and throughput tables, users can be estimated.
n Traffic model
l Recommended traffic model
l Traditional traffic model
l Simple traffic model
n System throughput
l Peak throughput
l Average throughput

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Number of Users

Average Capacity in Different Peak Capacity in Different

Configurations Configurations
DL users 593 DL users 1958
20 MHz 20 MHz Bandwidth
Bandwidth UL users 898 UL users 2476
3 DL:1 UL
3 DL:1 UL
Total 593 Total 1958

Average Capacity in Different Peak Capacity in Different

Configurations Configurations
DL users 431 DL users 1434
20 MHz
20 MHz Bandwidth
Bandwidth 2 DL:2 UL users 1769 UL users 4952
2 DL:2 UL
UL
Total 431 Total 1434

Recommended traffic model

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Number of Users

Typical Capacity in Different Typical Capacity in Different

Configurations Configurations
DL users 1069 DL users 778
20 MHz 20 MHz
Bandwidth UL users 599 Bandwidth UL users 1180
3 DL:1 UL 2 DL:2 UL
Total 599 Total 778

Traditional traffic model

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Number of Users

Typical Capacity With Different BW and TDD Ratios

DL users 678
10 MHz Bandwidth TDD
UL users 438
2:2
Total 438

Simple traffic model

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Thank you!