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LECTURE 5
LUBRICATION PART
Semi-Solid Lubricants
(GREASE)
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GREASE COMPOSITION
Lubricating OIL
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GREASE COMPOSITION
Base Oil
75 - 95%
Performance Additives
0 - 5%
Thickener
5-20%
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Grease internal Structure
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Grease internal Structure
OIL BLEEDING
The oil contained in the lubricating
grease separates from the thickener.
This can be caused by low resistance
to working or low temperature
stability of grease.
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GREASE CLASSIFICATIONS
based on based on
Thickeners Additives
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Metallic SOAP Thickeners
SIMPLE COMPLEX
Metallic Soap Metallic Soap
Common
• CALCIUM (Ca)
types
• SODIUM (Na)
• LITHIUM (Li)
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comparison between different thickeners/properties
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Note
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Note: most greases are named by their alkali component
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Applications Suitable for Grease
Grease and oil are not interchangeable. Grease is
used when it is not practical or convenient to use
oil. The lubricant choice for a specific application
is determined by matching the machinery design
and operating conditions with desired lubricant
characteristics.
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Grease is generally used for (Advantages of Grease)
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Disadvantages of Grease
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The most important property of grease is the
consistency which describes the resistance
of grease to deformation by an applied force.
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National Lubricating Grease Institute
NLGI Numbers
NLGI 5
NLGI 4
NLGI 3
NLGI 2
NLGI 1
NLGI 0
NLGI 00
NLGI 000
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NLGI grease classification
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Typical Grease Tests
Test ASTM Test Description
Method
Oxidation
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Stability D-942 Storage stability
Penetrometer
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Penetrometer
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CONE PENETRATION TEST PROCEDURE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=97LckifYjIA&t=94s
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Grease Versus Oil
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In Favor of Grease
1. Grease: I have superior stop-start
performance. (When a machine is shut down, oil
will drain back to sump but grease remains in the
component where it is needed, lowering the risk
of a dry start).
Oil’s Counterpoint. Most bath, splash and
circulating oil systems can lubricate almost
immediately on restart. Larger volumes of oil
(compared to grease in the same application)
means a larger supply of additives which
extended service life) and the ability to wash
contaminants away from the working frictional
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zones.
2. Worn seals can retain grease better than oil, which
lowers the risk of lubricant starvation and leakage.
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3. Surplus grease packed tightly around seals and
serves as a sealant, preventing the ingress of
particles and water. Periodic re-greasing can purge
contaminants out and away from the working
surfaces of the component.
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In Favor of Oil
5. Unlike grease, oil flows freely, enabling it to
conduct and carry away unwanted heat (thermal
convection). This keeps base oil viscosity stable
and reduces the risk of heat-induced oxidation and
additive depletion.
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