Course Title: Management of Beneficial Insect

Course No.: ENTO 365 Credit: 2 (1+1)

Q.1 Write down mass Multiplication Procedure of ……..

A) Laboratory host insect, Corcyra cephalonica.

B) Trichogramma spp.

C) Australian Lady bird Beetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

D) Green lace wing, Chrysoperla spp.

(Write Material required, Procedure in detail, Field release dose)

Q.2 Write Short Note on …….

A) Honey bee species

B) Duties of honey bee

C) Communication in Honey bees

D) Types of silkworm

E) Mulberry cultivation & leaf preservation

F) Lac Strains & Host plants

G) Pests & diseases of honeybee

H) Role of pollinators & Scavengers with e.g

Q.3 Objective …..

A) Apiculture ….
1. Domesticated species of honey bee are-
a. Little bee- Apis florea (Smallest of all species)
b. Indian bee- A. cerena indica
c. Italian bee/European bee- A. mellifera
2. Wild species of honey bees are-
a. Rock bee- A. dorsata (Largest of all species)
b. Himalayan bee or cliff bee- A. laboriosa
c. Black dwarf bee- A. andreniformis
3. A. florea is smallest of all the bee species.
4. A. florea yields very little honey of about 0.5-1 kg per year.
5. A. cerena indica yields about 6-8 kg of honey per year.
6. A. mellifera yields about 25-40 kg of honey per year.
7. Rock bee, A. dorsata is the largest of all the honey bee species.
8. A. dorsata builds open single comb of huge size of one meter diameter at inaccessible places.
9. A. dorsata produces plenty of honey and yield 36 kg/comb annually.
10. T. irridipennis is belongs to the family Meliponidae.
11. Royal jelly is prepared and fed to the larvae by the nurse bees.
12. The queen gets the royal jelly throughout her life.
13. The queen and workers come out from the fertilized eggs, while the unfertilized eggs
produce drones.
14. Workers are fed to the with royal jelly and drone larvae only for the first 3 days and then
they are fed with “bee bread”.
15. A. mellifera was imported to India during- 1962 from Italy.
16. Type of antennae in honey bees- Geniculate.
17. The place where bee hives are kept is called- Apiary.
18. Type of mouth parts in honey bees- Chewing and lapping type.
19. A bee colony is considered as week or strong based on the number of- Worker bees.
20. The lapping tongue or proboscis is formed by the fusion of- Labium and Maxillae.
21. “Honey bee colony maintains their hive temperature between- 33-36oC.
22. The secretions from Mandibular Glands are used for- Softening of wax.
23. The queen substance in honey bees is produced by- Mandibular glands of queen.
24. Royal jelly is produced by the worker bees during- 2nd week of their life.
25. Number of wax glands present in honey bees- 4 (from 4th to 7th abdominal segments).
26. The secretion of sting gland mainly consists of- Formic acid.
27. Percent population of worker bees present in a colony is- 90%.
28. The wax plates and pollen baskets are absent in- Queen and Drones.
29. The worker bee is a sterile female (Smallest of all castes).
30. Foraging for collecting pollen, nectar and propolis is done by old age worker bees.
31. In honey bees fertilized eggs are produced into- Females and workers whereas unfertilized
eggs are produced into males or drones.
32. In a honey bee comb queen cell is present at- Lower borders of the comb.
 33. The honey bee queen can lay about- 500 eggs/day.
34. The cells of queen and worker bees are- Hexagonal with flat cap.
35. If the food source is nearby the bees perform- Round dance.
36. The direction of food source is indicated by- Wagtail dance.
37. The wild and cultivated flora which are the sources of pollen and nectar are collectively
called as- Bee Pasturage or bee flora or bee forage.
38. Tamarind provides rich supply of nectar.
39. Cotton provides rich supply of pollen and nectar.
40. In honey bee hive the honey is stored in- Super frames.
41. The movable frame hive was discovered by- L. L. Langstroth (1851).
42. Central Bee Keeping Research Institute established in the year- 1962 at Pune.
43. Communication in bees or bee dance was discovered by- Karl Von Frisch (1967).
44. Bee bread is a mixture of- Honey and Pollen.
45. “Father of Modern Bee Keeping” is- A. S. Atwal.
46. Acarine disease is caused by- Acarapis woodi (Mite).
47. Acarine disease is also called as- Isle of wight disease.
48. Thai sac brood disease is caused by- Virus.
49. American foul brood disease is caused by- Bacillus larvae.
50. European foul brood disease is caused by- Streptococcus pluton, Bacillus pluton.
51. White chalk brood disease is caused by fungus- Ascasphaera apis.
52. Nosema disease in bees is caused by- Nosema apis.
53. Amoebic disease is caused by- Malpighamoeba mellificae.
54. Swarming: - Swarming is the method of reproduction in which part of the colony migrate
to a new site to make a new colony.
55. The replacement of the old queen by the new daughter queen is called as- Supersedure.
56. The complete dissertation of the hive by the bees is known as- Absconding
57. The period when a good number of plants providing nectar and pollen are available to
bees is called as- Honey flow period.
58. The period when there is no honey flow is called as- Dearth period.
59. Pollen basket or corbicula is present in Tibia and tarsus of the hind legs in honey bees.
60. The part of hive that allow workers to pass through it easily but retain the queen in the
brood chamber is called as- Queen Excluder.

B) Sericulture ….
1. The largest producer of silk in the world is- China (81.7%) followed by India (14%).
2. The largest consumer of silk in the world is- India.
3. Silk: - Silk is the secretion from salivary glands which are found on both sides of the
alimentary canal of silkworm larvae and this secretion harden into a fine thread called
silk.
4. The proteins present in silk are- Fibroin (75%) and Sericin (25%) i.e. 3:1 ratio
5. Eri silkworm: Samia cynthia ricini: Belongs to the family Saturnidae. The silk is white
or brick red in colour.
6. The Muga Silkworm, Antheraea assamensis: Belongs to the family Saturnidae.
7. The main hosts of Muga silkworm are Sal and Soal.
8. The cocoons of mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori are white in colour from which best
 quality of silk is produced.
9. The cocoons of Tasar silkworm, Antheraea myllita are hard light brown to dark in
colour and must be collected from the jungle.
10. The cocoons of Eri silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini are white in colour, the silk cannot
be reeled and has to spun.
11. The cocoons of Muga silkworm, A. assamensis are brilliant yellow in colour from which
silk of golden yellow colour is obtained. It is Semi-domesticated silkworm.
12. Voltinism or Voltine: The number of generations or crops that are produced in one year
by the silk worms is called as- Voltinism.
13. Mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori belongs to the family- Bombycidae.
14. The egg stage of Mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori undergoes diapause.
15. The silkworm larvae undergo- 4-5 moults.
16. Mounting: - Mounting is the process of transfer of fifth instar mature larvae to the mountages.
17. The process of killing of pupae inside the cocoon is called as- Stifling.
18. Reeling: - The process of unwinding the silken thread from the cocoon, combining the
required number of brins to produce the silk filaments of required thickness, and
gathering of same on the standard reels.
19. Denier: - Denier is a unit of measurement of fineness of the silk yarn.
20. One Denier is the weight in grams of 9000 m long silk filament.

21. Leading producer of mulberry silk in India is- Karnataka.

22. The adult silkworm lives only for two to three days.
23. Single female moth lay about 300-400 brownish white seed like eggs in masses.
24. Mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori the eggs hatch in about 8-12 days.
25. The larval period ranges from 28-30 days.
26. The labial gland is modified as silk producing gland in silkworms.
27. The scientific cultivation of mulberry plants is called as- Moriculture and that of non-
mulberry plant is called as- Arboriculture.
28. The silk filament reeled out of double cocoon is called as- Dupion silk.
29. Central Tasar Research and Training Institute at- Ranchi.
30. Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute at- Mysore.
31. Rearing of young larvae of silkworm (I, II, III instar) is called- Chawki rearing.
32. The process of sorting of cocoon is called as- Riddling.
33. DFL: Disease free laying
34. 1 DFL = 400 eggs of Mulberry silkworm

C) Lac Culture …..

1. Scientific name of lac insect- Laccifera lacca or Kerria lacca (Homoptera: Lacciferidae).
2. First scientific account of lac insect was given by- Dr. J. Kerr (1782).
3. Father of lac culture is- Dr. J. Kerr.
4. The females are the chief producer of lac.
5. Lac produces three products i.e. resin, dye and wax of great commercial value.
6. Rangeeni strain contributes 90% and Kusumi strain 10% of total lac production.
7. The process of emergence of nymphs of lac insect is called as- Swarming.
 8. Chemical composition of lac-
Lac resin : 75%
▪ Waxes : 6%
▪ Dyes : 5-6%
▪ Albuminous material: 12-13%
9. Indian Lac Research Institute or now as “Indian Institute of Natural Resins and
Gums” located at- Namkum (Ranchi). Established in the year- 1925.
10. Major lac producing country is- India accounting for 70% of the total world production.
11. Immature lac is called as- Ari lac.
12. Mature lac harvested in the form of sticks is called as- Stick lac.
13. The lac obtained after removing and washing of stick lac is called as- Seed lac.
14. The lac obtained after grading of seed lac is called as- Dust lac.
15. The lac obtained after heating of seed lac, dust lac is- Shellac.
16. Host plant for Kusumi strain is Kusum plant,
17. Host plant for Rangeeni strain is palas plant,
18. The nymphs of lac insect undergo moulting for three times
19. Highest lac producing state in India is- Chhattisgarh.
20. The lac sticks left after the escape of the nymphs are called- Phunki.
21. The lac insects lose eyes, antennae and legs after the- First moult. Males regain them.
22. The cell of the male lac insect is- Slipper shap

D) Biological control ……
1. The term biological control was first used by- Smith in 1919.
2. Father of Biological Control is- Paul DeBach.
3. Predator is a free living organism throughout its life; it kills its prey, is usually larger than
its prey and requires more than one prey to complete its development.
4. Parasite: - A parasite is an organism which is usually much smaller than the host.
Parasites complete their entire life cycle on a single host.
5. Parasitoid: - Is a special kind of parasite which is often about the same size as its
host, kills its host and requires only one host for development into a free living adult.
6. Super parasitism: - Type of parasitism where more individuals of the same species
are present in a single host than can complete development in normal way.
7. Multiple parasitism: - Type of parasitism where the host is attacked by two or more
species of parasitoids.
8. Conservation: - Is the action to preserve and increase the natural enemies by
environmental manipulation.
9. Introduction/Importation: - Is the process of importing the natural enemies from one
country to another for the management of the insect pest infesting the crops.
10. Augmentation: - is defined as the efforts made to increase the population of natural
enemies either by propagation and release or by environmental manipulation. It
includes all activities designed to increase number or effect of existing natural
enemies.
11. The ratio used for parasitoid to host is 1:6 i. e for each parasitoid 6 eggs of Corcyra
cephalonica are provided.
12. 1 CC (20, 000) of eggs are glued to the “Trichocard” using the gum acacia.
 13. A Zygogramma bicolorata was introduced from Mexico into India in 1984 for the
control of Parthenium

Q.4 Identification …..

Sr. No. Identify Role
1. Hive Frame The frame holds a bee comb.

2. Top Cover A type of lid acting as roof placed over inner cover or
brood /super chamber
3. Bee veil Used for preventing bee stings on face and neck.

4. Smoker Used to calm down the bees while opening the hive.
5. Hive Tool An iron strip used for opening of hive and it’s cleaning.

6. Queen excluder Used during honey flow season to restrict queen to

brood chamber and thereby preventing egg laying in
the super.
7. Comb foundation sheet It encourages bees to build straight combs within
wooden frames. This allows easy and rapid
manipulation of honey bee colonies.
8. Mountages Gives support to the larvae while spinning the cocoon
9. Mexican Beetle Scientific Name : Zygogramma bicolorata
Order: coleoptera
Family:
Chrysomelidae
Act as weed killer, control the Parthenium
hysterophorus
commonly known as carrot weed or congress grass
Imported in India in 1983 from Mexico.
Sr. No. Identify Role
10. Tasar silkworm Moth Host plant: Arjun, Asan
Habitat: Wild & Semi domesticate
Scientific Name: Antheraea mylitta
Family: Saturnidae
Antennae: Bipectinate
Silk colour : copperish colour, coarse silk
Producing States : Jharkhand, Chattisgarh and Orissa
Central Tasar Research and Training Institute at- Ranchi.
11. Honey bee Species of honey bee with scientific name-
Use of honey bee-

12. Feather Used for brushing to prevent injuries to silkworm larvae

13. Rearing Tray Used for rearing of early silkworm larvae

14. Paraffin paper Used to cover the rearing tray for maintaining humidity

15. Chopstick To Picking the younger larvae and to avoid injuries

16. Cleaning net Used for cleaning the rearing tray

17. lady bird beetle Order: coleoptera

Type of Biocontrol agent : predator
Predacious stage : Grub & Adult
Target host : aphids, jassids, mealy bugs, eggs of
Lepidoptera, soft bodied insects
18. Chopping board Used for chopping of mulberry leaves.