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PUSL2021 Computing Group Project |Technical and Functional Specification |

(ANPR System)

Technical Report · January 2022

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.19793.40805

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Awanthika Madhushani Yasiru Tishan

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 Name: S.Y.T Silva

Student Reference Number: 10749896

Module Code: PUSL2021 Module Name: Computing Group Project

Coursework Title: Technical and Functional Specification Submission (ANPR System)

Deadline Date: January 2nd 2022 Member of staff responsible for coursework: Mr. Pramudya
Thilakaratne
Programme: B.Sc. (Hons) Software Engineering

Please note that University Academic Regulations are available under Rules and Regulations on the
University website www.plymouth.ac.uk/studenthandbook.

Group work: please list all names of all participants formally associated with this work and state whether the
work was undertaken alone or as part of a team. Please note you may be required to identify individual
responsibility for component parts.

1. S.Y.T Silva 10749896

2. H.A.A Madhushani 10749947
3. I.G.I.S Lakshan 10748094
4. K.P.V.S Pinnawala 10749954
5. P.S.R Siriwardhana 10749948
6. A.M.D Gunarathna 10749990

We confirm that we have read and understood the Plymouth University regulations relating to
Assessment Offences and that we are aware of the possible penalties for any breach of these
regulations. We confirm that this is the independent work of the group.

Signed on behalf of the group:

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2
 Abstract

This project results from the “Automatic Intelligent Gate” concept, so this IOT system-based
unit is called ANPR – Automatic Number Plate Recognition. This is a digital image
processing-based automated system for controlling and commanding building gates.
First, a digital camera takes a photo of the car that wishes to enter the building and sends it to
computer. Vehicle detection and recognition was accomplished using image analysis, with the
results being compared to a database of legally permitted cars. For vehicles with images that
match any picture in our database, a signal is sent to an electro-mechanical portion that
regulates gate opening.
For vehicles without identical images, an apologetic audio message is sent. This is referred to
as an Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) System.[1]
This report shows a digital image processing-based automated system for controlling and
commanding a building gate. First, a photo of the automobile intended for entry into the
building is taken using a digital camera, and the snapshot is then sent to a computer for
processing. Analysis of the vehicle's picture is used to identify it, as well as to compare the
vehicle's image to a previously saved database of approved automobiles. If the vehicle's image
matches one in the database, the computer tells the electro-mechanical component controlling
the gate to open and let the car in, or it sends an apology voice message if no such image is
discovered in the database.
The technology is regarded as experimental, and it has been tested on a variety of different
types of cars. The results acquired were correct, and the system was found to be successful in
all of the cars that were employed in the system testing.

Team members contributed to the project during the development;

1. S.Y.T Silva 10749896 Project and Group Leader
2. H.A.A Madhushani 10749947 Planning Leader
3. I.G.I.S Lakshan 10748094 Technical Leader
4. K.P.V.S Pinnawala 10749954 Programming Leader
5. P.S.R Siriwardhana 10749948 Quality Leader
6. A.M.D Gunarathna 10749990 Testing and Maintenance Leader

iii
 Table of Contents

Abstract ....................................................................................................................................iii
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................... iv
Table of Figures....................................................................................................................... vi
Table of Charts ........................................................................................................................ vi

Chapter -01 ............................................................................................................................... 1

• Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1
• Scope of the Project .......................................................................................................... 2
• Project Identification ........................................................................................................ 3
▪ What is Image Processing…? .................................................................................. 3
▪ Types of Image Processing ...................................................................................... 3
▪ Digital Image Processing ......................................................................................... 4
▪ OCR (Optical Character Recognition) ..................................................................... 4
• Chapter- 01 Summarization ............................................................................................. 6

Chapter -02 ............................................................................................................................... 7

• System Analysis ............................................................................................................... 7
▪ Facts Gathering Techniques ..................................................................................... 7
▪ Current System......................................................................................................... 7
▪ Drawbacks of the Current System ........................................................................... 7
• Feasibility Report ............................................................................................................. 8
▪ Economic Feasibility ............................................................................................... 8
▪ Technical Feasibility ................................................................................................ 8
▪ Operational Feasibility ............................................................................................. 9
▪ Schedule Feasibility ................................................................................................. 9
• System Architecture ....................................................................................................... 10
▪ ER- Diagram .......................................................................................................... 10
▪ Entity Description .................................................................................................. 11
▪ Data Dictionary ...................................................................................................... 12
▪ Class Diagram ........................................................................................................ 14
▪ User Case Diagram ................................................................................................ 15
▪ Work Breakdown Structure ................................................................................... 16

iv
 ▪ High-Level Architecture Diagram ......................................................................... 17
• Chapter- 02 Summarization ........................................................................................... 18
Chapter -03 ............................................................................................................................. 19
• Requirement Specification ............................................................................................. 19
▪ Functional Requirements ....................................................................................... 19
▪ Non-Functional Requirement................................................................................. 19
▪ System Requirements............................................................................................. 20
▪ Performance Requirement ..................................................................................... 20
▪ Security Requirement............................................................................................. 20
• Chapter- 03 Summarization ........................................................................................... 21

Chapter -04 ............................................................................................................................. 22

• Development Tools and Technology ............................................................................. 22
▪ Development Methodology ................................................................................... 22
▪ What is SDLC According to ANPR System.......................................................... 22
• Programming Language and Tools ................................................................................ 24
• Third-Party Component and Libraries ........................................................................... 24
• Hardware Tools .............................................................................................................. 25
▪ Outline Budget ....................................................................................................... 26
• Chapter- 04 Summarization ........................................................................................... 27

Reference ................................................................................................................................ 28
Team Plan & Responsibility Matrix .................................................................................... 31

v
 Table of Figures

Figure 1 (How Does an ANPR System Work...?) .................................................................. 1

Figure 2 (ANPR Processing) ................................................................................................... 2
Figure 3 (Face Recognition in Image Processing) ................................................................. 3
Figure 4 (EasyOCR Package Installation)............................................................................. 5
Figure 5 (Timeline Schedule) .................................................................................................. 9
Figure 6 (ER- Diagram)......................................................................................................... 10
Figure 7 (Class Diagram) ...................................................................................................... 14
Figure 8 (User Case Diagram) .............................................................................................. 15
Figure 9 (Work Breakdown Structure) ............................................................................... 16
Figure 10 (High-Level Architecture Diagram).................................................................... 17
Figure 11 (System Development Life Cycle - Stages) ......................................................... 22

Table of Charts

Table 1 (Different between Tesseract OCR vs EasyOCR) ................................................... 4

Table 2 (Comparison of most Common Errors) ................................................................... 5
Table 3 (Entity Description) .................................................................................................. 11
Table 4 (Hardware Tools) ..................................................................................................... 25

vi
 Chapter- 01

Introduction
ANPR is a mass surveillance technology that takes a picture of a vehicle's license plate and
instantly detects the license plate number. In the case of stolen automobiles, ANPR can help.
It is possible to detect stolen vehicles by using the ANPR devices that are installed on the
roadways. This study describes a number plate identification approach that uses digital cameras
to capture the image of a vehicle's license plate. Various algorithms are used to capture and
process a vehicle's rear image.
There are some companies that used this ANPR system in high-end.
• Tolling and congestion charging
• Traffic monitoring and enforcement
• Speed and journey time measurement
• Parking systems
• Security and access control
Design, build, and maintain your ANPR barrier control system to guarantee that it continues to
perform to its full potential for many years. Our experts will be able to advise you on the[2]
most appropriate type and location for your ANPR cameras in order to achieve the best possible
results.
• With multiple overview camera images, record all vehicle site activity.
• Vehicles on the blacklist are prompted by security.
• Vehicle barriers, gates, traffic lights, and message signs all be controllers.
• Read Sri Lankan and many foreign number plates.

Figure 1 (How Does an ANPR System Work...?)

The systems can be networked across numerous sites, allowing staff to track cars across
multiple sites. A central database can operate several remote installations and collect data
centrally if needed.

1
Scope of the Project
An ANPR system is a type of configuration used to automatically identify vehicle number
plates. The number plates of vehicles with automated approved systems are identified by a
certain process.
Vehicles in our society must be controlled and registered. An ANPR system has the potential
to achieve the objectives of this process. For example, the number plate of a vehicle can
identify the province, country, vehicle classification, and origin of the vehicle.
Therefore, by identifying a number plate, one can know a lot of information about that vehicle.
Applying an ANPR system to such a system is useful for detecting certain crimes and for many
activities in daily life. Another opportunity to see the ANPR system is highways, single lanes,
multi lanes, etc. Using the ANPR system at such locations, traffic congestion, vehicle length,
parking, etc. can be analyzed.

Figure 2 (ANPR Processing)

Factories can also be seen as another place where an ANPR system can be used. Often a factory
enters and exits many vehicles a day. They also have several functions. They are collecting,
storing, distributing, and parceling goods. In such a place we can see misplacement, theft,
distribution errors etc. Therefore, by applying this system to a location like this, you can get
an idea of the problem using the data in the vehicle when a problem occurs.
The reason for this is that the data can be obtained by automatically checking the number plate
of the vehicle at the time of entry. Another advantage is that the vehicles in the factory are
included in the vehicle database of the employees and the gate is automatically opened for
those vehicles after checking the number plate of those vehicles.
Also, for the purpose of using the ANPR system, a camera system installed in some places in
some cities will be able to know whether the vehicles passing through that place are insured on
a daily basis. The number plate is used for that.

2
Project Identification
What is Image Processing…?
Image processing is the process of enhancing or extracting valuable data from an image. In this
case, the input is an image, and the output is an image or its characteristics/features. In recent
years, image processing has become a trendy technology. In both engineering and computer
science, it is a major focus of study.[3]

Figure 3 (Face Recognition in Image Processing)

Here Image Processing is used to identify the face. There process of work flow takes through
in smartphones nowadays. Smart Mobile Phone use the face recognition system to detect the
face and unlock the device. Figure 3 shows that the perspective of identification. As the we
start about the system image processing takes a major part in the ANPR System. Even here a
camera is place to capture a image and process to text.

Types of Image Processing

There are two main methods used to create[4] an image. These are analog and digital photo
processing. The algorithm is used to create the digital photo. The digital photo processing
mainly uses computer development, mathematical progress, various applications. The digital
and analog photo processing has many advantages over digital photo processing.
Analog image processing is done by processing only the three-dimensional signal applied to
the analog signal. An analog image processing based on a two-dimensional analog is known
in computer science as analog image processing.

Analog Signal Analog Signal Processing Analog Signal

Input Output

Chart 1 (Analog Signal Processing)

3
Digital Image Processing
Digital image processing is simply the process of processing a digital image using an algorithm
using a digital computer. In digital image processing, it is more advantageous to use digital
signal processing as a subdivision or discipline than analogue image processing. The most
notable of these is the selection of a significantly wider algorithm for input data to avoid
problems such as noise and distortion during[5] activation and processing. Digital image
processing is known as a multidimensional system because it is defined by two image
dimensions.
Three factors have influenced the generation and development of digital image processing:
1. The advancement of computers
2. The advancement of mathematics (particularly the creation and improvement of discrete
mathematics theory)
3. The growing need for a wide variety of applications in the fields of environment,
agriculture, military, industrial, and health care, as well as other related fields.

OCR (Optical Character Recognition)

Documents scanned from paper or other physical media can have their printed or handwritten
text characters recognized using optical character recognition (OCR). OCR's primary function
is to examine a document's text and transform the characters to machine-readable code for data
processing. OCR is sometimes referred to as text recognition.[6]

Tesseract OCR
In a wide range of operating systems, Tesseract is a character recognition engine for optical
character recognition. Under the terms of the Apache License, it's open-source software.
Formerly owned by Hewlett-Packard, it was distributed as open-source in 2005 and has been
supported by Google since that year.
In 1995, Tesseract was one of the best OCR engines for character recognition, coming in third
place overall. For Linux, Windows, and Mac-OS users. However, due to a lack of resources,
engineers can only put it through its paces on Windows and Ubuntu systems.

OCR Engine Comparison — Tesseract vs. EasyOCR

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is gaining popularity as the digitization of documents
progresses. As more businesses seek to automate their paperwork, OCR plays a critical role in
processing image-based documents.

Tesseract OCR vs. EasyOCR: What are the differences?

Type CPU GPU
Tesseract 0.3 Seconds/Image 0.25 Seconds/Image
EasyOCR 0.82 Seconds/Image 0.07 Seconds/Image

Table 1 (Different between Tesseract OCR vs EasyOCR)

In terms of speed, Tesseract outperforms EasyOCR on CPU, while EasyOCR performs

amazingly on GPU.

4
Below are the detailed comparison and most common errors;
Types Error Rate on Error Rate on Misinterpret Misinterpret
Numbers Alphabets Numbers Alphabets
misinterpret t to r
miss continuous 7 miss continuous l
Tesseract 5.50% 0.70% miss continuous 2 add ’ in front of o
miss . add . in the end
add , in the end
misinterpret l to i
misinterpret h to n
miss 1 in the end
misinterpret f to t
EasyOCR 1.90% 4.30% misinterpret . to_
misinterpret d to a
miss y in the end
miss v
Table 2 (Comparison of most Common Errors)

It was done by combining several words from separate lines of text into blobs, then examining
the lines and areas to see if the words had the same pitch. Depending on the character spacing,
text lines are divided into words in different ways. After that, the process of recognition is
repeated two more times. First, each word is recognized one at a time.
Code cleanup and the addition of a new LSTM model were two major components of
Tesseract's modernization. Line by line, the input image is fed into the LSTM model, which
generates output in the form of a box (rectangle). See how it works in the illustration below.[7]
Computer vision developers may easily conduct Optical Character Recognition (OCR) using
the EasyOCR Python module, which is named as such. When it comes to OCR, the easiest
method to use optical character recognition is via EasyOCR:
The EasyOCR package can be installed with a single pip command.[8]

Figure 4 (EasyOCR Package Installation)

Because of the minimum dependencies on the EasyOCR package, setting up your OCR
development environment is a breeze. The package may be imported into your project with
only one import statement after EasyOCR has been installed. Once the Reader class is
initialized, all you need are two lines of code to conduct OCR on the image: one to use the read
text function to OCR it.

5
Chapter- 01 Summarization

As we talked about an ANPR system, ANPR is a technology used to quickly take a picture of
a vehicle's number plate and quickly identify it. This ANPR system can help in many ways.
We can see instances of being fitted on many roads. It also takes a picture of the vehicle's
number plate and allows access to certain vehicles as soon as it is pressed. This ANPR system
can often be used as a parking system, security system, speed measurement, traffic
management system, etc. There are many purposes for which this system was created. Today,
it is mandatory to register and drive a vehicle. Such a system can detect such actions. A lot of
information about the vehicle can be obtained by checking the vehicle number plate and
obtaining a lot of information such as province, country classification, origin, etc. of that
vehicle. This is important for crime detection as well as for many other activities that are
required in daily life. Problems caused by traffic congestion can be minimized.(Kranthi,
Pranathi and Srisaila, 2011)
In the design of this ANPR system, we used the concept of image processing a lot. Its main
purpose is to build an image. This has become a concept that is very important for many sectors
nowadays. This image processing process is also used in our ANPR system to capture data by
capturing the relevant area with a camera. This concept is done in two main ways. Namely
analog processing and digital courses. The algorithms also help with this.
The OCR concept can also be cited as another concept that we are focusing on here. Using the
OCR system, it scans the text of a document and converts it into machine-readable code to
process its data. TESSERACT is a good, coded OCR. Due to the current scarcity of resources,
these are only used in windows and ubuntu.

6
 Chapter- 02

System Analysis
Facts Gathering Techniques
ANPR System Analysis analyzes photographic and video pictures and collects all pertinent
number plate information using unique and advanced methodologies. Because the analysis is
totally automated, no valuable man-hours are required to jot down this information throughout
an inquiry.(goyal and Bhatia, 2016)
The examination of photos captured by a security camera during a holdup or robbery is an
example of the above. If a camera captures a vehicle for even a fraction of a second, the system
analysis may often read out the license plate.
Due to the use of common codecs processed through the DirectShow filter, ANPR Analysis is
compatible with a wide variety of various picture and video formats. The system is also capable
of analyzing analogue video data and is very user-friendly, requiring no complex technical
understanding or training. As a result, accidental users of the system may also instantly begin
working with it.

Current System
The current system is a manual-based system depend on large number of incoming and
outgoing vehicles. In university and apartment, we can use this system as capturing the image
and make the process to open the gateway soon as it captures the image of the vehicle number
plate.
ANPR is frequently divided into two components: one is a set of closed-circuit televisions or
traffic enforcement cameras used to capture a digital image of the vehicle, and the other is a
specialized form of optical character recognition (OCR) capable of automatically reading the
registration number from the number plate area in the digital image and converting it to plain
ASCII text. This project will focus only on the software component of ANPR; it will analyze
the digital picture input and output the vehicle's registration number.

Drawbacks of the Current System

• More man power is required to open and close the gate.
• Time consuming is taken more to open/close manually.
• Large amount clerical time is required.
• Lack of attentions by security roles.
• No services during night sessions.
• Large ongoing traffic.
• No records taken in and out traffic which entered.
• Problem with maintenance manually.
• Problem with transcription.

7
Feasibility Report
Economic Feasibility
A feasibility report is a process used to verify the probability of success by focusing on the
various issues that may arise during the[9] successful completion of a project.
The Economic feasibility is the time it takes to meet the requirements for the product we are
manufacturing and to market the product we are producing, the key things to consider regarding
the sale of the product, the investment to be made and the occasional breakdown.
This describes the steps we will take to apply this economic feasibility to our ANPR system
until the final output is introduced to the market. For example, when we introduce this system
to the market, we need to introduce it to the market so that users can easily understand it. The
Television and newspaper advertisements are used for this purpose. Today, social media is one
of the most[10] popular media in the world. The first of these is Facebook. In considering these
social media and television advertisements, newspaper advertisements, we have to pay a certain
amount to the relevant agency for the advertisements carried out by the newspapers or
television. Therefore, the economic feasibility required to carry out this project is very
important for the rest of the system.

Technical Feasibility
The technical feasibility is to ensure that the product produced in the project is functional and
has no problems and no production barriers.
As we have stated above this application will be a IOT Based solution and the main
technologies used for this system will be elaborated below. Here we talk about the potential for
project success through technical feasibility when using technical feasibility in our project.
Therefore, the product is developed and developed, and the technology is used for this purpose
and the project proposal is researched for the money spent on it. The material selection required
for their own technical equipment should be made. We need to talk about the technology used
and the problems that may arise there. Also, mainly technical visibility is used in the ANPR
system and python is used as a front-end development tool. It also stores data using MySQL
and uses software such as PyCharm NetBeans as designing tools. The git hub is used as a
version control for most of the development tools and technologies we use here.
So, from this point we understand that this project is technically feasible to carry on with the
project.

Operational Feasibility
Operational feasibility is when we take action on problems that we have identified while
troubleshooting a system and upgrading our system. And the measure of how we solve the
problems that we have select. Operational feasibility depends primarily on its human resources
and determines whether the system can be used after the project is completed. When applying
operational visibility to our ANPR system. When talking about operational feasibility in our
ANPR system, here we must talk about technical only economic schedule feasibility etc. Then
we have to do the analysis on operational feasibility. With a focus on how and where to design,

8
a plan was drawn up for possible obstacles in moving our project forward and ultimately to
create a more effective design.

Schedule Feasibility
Schedule feasibility is the probability of completing the relevant plans within the planned time
frame. The feasibility here is high if it can be completed on time. Here a Gantt r is used to carry
out the work. When doing this using a grant chart we must make sure to complete this within
the estimated time. Otherwise, we may fail if we fail to complete this within the estimated time.
We have encountered some issues while doing this. We have to deal with problems during the
programming process as well as in finding the items needed to create the system. Thus, external
factors also affect the timely completion. As a result, we may not be able to do this within the
estimated time frame, and in some cases, this may have an additional cost, which can also affect
economic feasibility.
This Schedule feasibility is a method used to share the relevant time to complete the project
successfully, such as a deadline for the project and a plan. When considering our ANPR
System, we first divided this system into several parts. The system was first divided into three
main parts: the system interface, the system database, and the system coding part. This division
made it much easier for us to manage our time. This reservation allows you to find out what
the relevant part of the day is. Because of this we were able to get the end result as a very
successful output. Thus, we used software like Microsoft Gant Chat, Microsoft project to
manage our system time and procedures.

Figure 5 (Timeline Schedule)

9
System Architecture

ER- Diagram
The ER-Diagram below show the entity relationship with attributes, derived attributes, and
multivalve attributes. The diagram describes the relationship between entities, cardinality, and
their attributes.

Figure 6 (ER- Diagram)

10
Entity Description
Here we describe entities with all their attributes. Describing entity name, the management
definition for the entities, and their attribute and domain.
Entity Name Management Definition
Admin The main administrator who controls the system user inface to add, remove
and update vehicle users.
Vehicle The vehicles owned by vehicle users; these vehicles are registered to the
database.
Vehicle User The people who use the advantage of the system.
Camera The number-plate capturing device unit; captured images are delivered to
computer.
Computer The system control unit.
In and Out The database of the incoming & outgoing records.
Login The login panel is used by the technical officer in some offense.
Technician The technical officer; maintenance of the system during breakdowns.
Gate State The gateway processing unit.
Number Plate The vehicle number plate.
Table 3 (Entity Description)

11
Data Dictionary
A database is a collection of names, definitions and attributes of a database or information
system used or captured in a part of a research project. It describes the meanings and objectives
of the data source material in the context of a project. Interpretation also provides guidance on
accepted meanings and representations. A data dictionary also provides metadata about the
data source material. The metadata defines the scope and characteristics of the elements
included in a data dictionary. They also have the ability to support the riles for their use and
application.
Vehicle Details
File Name Data Type No of Characters Description
Vehicle ID String 10 Vehicle Identity
Vehicle Type Varchar 10 Type of Vehicle
Color Varchar 10 Color of Vehicle

Camera Details
File Name Data Type No of Characters Description
Frame ID String 10 Frame Identity
Resolution Int 10 Resolution of Camera
FPS - 10 Frams Per Second

Admin Table
File Name Data Type No of Characters Description
Admin ID String 10 Admin Identity
Name Varchar 10 Name of Admin
Password String 10 Password of Admin

Vehicle Users Details

File Name Data Type No of Characters Description
User ID String 10 User Identity
User Role String 15 Role of User
Date of Birth Int 10 User Birthdate
Age Int 10 Age of user
User Mobile No Int 10 Mobile Number

Computer Details
File Name Data Type No of Characters Description
Computer ID String 10 Computer Identity
Task String 15 Task Completed
Preprocessing Blob 15 Image

12
Number Plate Details
File Name Data Type No of Characters Description
User ID String 10 User Identity
Plate No String 10 Plate Number
Registration Date Date 10 Registration Date
Province Varchar 15 Province

In & Out Details

File Name Data Type No of Characters Description
Plate No String 10 Plate Number
Date Date 10 Date
Time Date 10 Time

Login Table
File Name Data Type No of Characters Description
User ID String 10 User Identity
Password String 10 Password of User

Technician Details
File Name Data Type No of Characters Description
Tec ID String 10 Technician Identity
Tec Name String 15 Technician Name
Mobile No Int 10 Mobile Number

Gate State Details

File Name Data Type No of Characters Description
State String 15 The Operation
Date Date 10 Open/ Close Date
Time Date 10 Open/ Close Time

13
Class Diagram
A class diagram is used to describe classes and their[11] connections in software design. Class
diagrams allow us to represent software without having to look at the source code. Class
diagrams match source code classes. The diagram illustrates class names and characteristics,
links between classes, and occasionally class methods.

Figure 7 (Class Diagram)

14
User Case Diagram
A use case diagram depicts how a user could interact with a technology. A use case diagram
depicts the system's many use cases and users, and is sometimes supplemented by additional
diagrams. Here the stick man is considered as an actor.

Figure 8 (User Case Diagram)

15
Work Breakdown Structure
Normally work breakdown system, It's a deliverable-oriented breakdown of the project into
smaller components in the context of work breakdown structures in project management and
systems engineering. As a critical project deliverable, a work breakdown structure (WBS)
breaks down the project into manageable chunks.

Figure 9 (Work Breakdown Structure)

16
High-Level Architecture Diagram

Figure 10 (High-Level Architecture Diagram)

OpenCV (image handler) is responsible for taking raw pictures from the live feed and translate
them into a format that OpenCV can read. when OpenCV is reading the image, we preprocess
the image to discover the number plate in it and after we get the number plate cropped and
assign it to a new variable that new cropped image is then given to the OCR for reading its
characters. then "EASY OCR" translate the image into text format and pass it to the ANPR
manager.
Here ANPR manager is the computer which is running the code in it. it is the central point of
the system. when the OCR outputs a text when a car is Infront of the gate it compares the text
against the data on database server and if the number plate text is in the database it will send
that to Arduino and then Arduino can switch the roller gate or swing gate motor system. also,
the system keeps track of the vehicles going in & out by sending that data to remote DB
server.(Atanassov, 2012)

17
Chapter- 02 Summarization

The ANPR system collects information from a number plate photograph using advanced
technology in a unique way. This is a completely automated process, so time management takes
place. This is easier because it is done by a computer system. Even the most delicate moments
are captured by a camera lens, making it even easier for security methods. Also using common
codex processed through DirectShow, ANPR is compatible with image formats. Also, due to
its ability to capture analog video data, this does not require any special understanding or
technical training. So, the advantage here is being able to work with this system instantly. An
example is the use of this system for university apartments. In this case, the number plate of
the vehicle is automatically grasped, and the door is opened automatically. There are two parts
to this ANPR system.: One is to capture a digital image of the vehicle and the other is to be
able to read it automatically and to identify specific malformed letters. It then analyzes the
digital images and gives the output. Sometimes there are drawbacks that we can see. these are
transcription problems, maintenance problems, and no service during the night, a large amount
of clerical time.(Saad and Xue, no date)
A feasibility report is a process that we use to verify the probability of success by focusing on
the problems that may arise when[12] we successfully complete a project. Economic feasibility
is part of a feasibility study. All the economic issues of this ANPR system that we have created
are related to this Economic feasibility. Economic feasibility can be divided into 3 main
categories. Namely, Definite Expenses, Indefinite Expenses, and Benefits Expenses. The costs
involved in designing this system are called Definite Expenses and the non-mandatory costs
are called Indefinite Expenses. We were able to complete this project without[13] wasting
money as the money was divided into shares. Technical feasibility is the most important
feasibility for creating an ANPR system. We used new technological tools to create this ANPR
system. PyCharm NetBeans as the designing tool in this system, the database tool, and Python
language as the front-end development language in the system are the main technical tools that
we used to create this ANPR system. In this way, the use of modern technology tools can be
introduced as a new product to the ever-evolving market of today's world This section reveals
how to solve such a problematic situation. The operational feasibility reveals problems that
may arise in the future, such as problems with system usage and system workload. This section
reveals how to solve such a problematic situation. Under schedule feasibility, we are talking
about the probability of completing this within the relevant planned time frame. If it can be
completed on time, the feasibility will increase. This was done using a Gantt chart. If this can
be estimated and completed on time, the project can be successful. Otherwise, failure will
occur. We had to face problematic situations while carrying out the project. We deal with them
correctly and make the project a success. To complete the project successfully, we also
correctly divided the time in the system and divided the system into three main parts. They are
system interfaces as part of the system database and system coding. So, we use Microsoft Gantt
chart, Microsoft project software for managing the time.
The system architecture is a collection of all the components of a system. There are six main
components to this ANPR system. These are ER-Diagram, Entity Description, Data
Dictionary, Class Diagram, User case diagram. All these tools were needed to create the[14]
system architecture of the system. We followed each of these steps one by one. Because of
this, we were able to successfully output the ANPR system.

18
 Chapter- 03

Requirement Specification
Functional Requirements
The menu bar of ANPR contains 6 menus: File, Pre-processing, Localization, Segmentation,
Recognition and Help. All the functions of ANPR are listed in these menus.
Requirements for ANPR
Camera Micro Focus advises that each lane of traffic have its own camera.
If a single camera is used to monitor many lanes of traffic, high-
definition recording is necessary (1080p or better). Focus the
camera manually in the center of the area where number plates
are read, and use a quick shutter speed to minimize blurring.
Vehicle Type The vehicle allowed to the system are above 4 wheels.
Image Contrast The contrast must be sufficient for human reading of the number
plates. When reading retroreflective number plates, infrared (IR)
illumination produces the best results.
Number Plate Size The number plates must be viewable by humans, and the text in
the video must be at least 10 pixels high.
Number Plate Rotation Position the camera above the traffic to give the appearance of
horizontal number plates. The closer the plates are too horizontal,
the more efficient the system.
Video Frame Rate By reading number plates over numerous frames, Media Server
enhances accuracy. Media Server requires 25 or 30 frames per
second to handle flowing traffic. Maintain the original frame rate
of the recorded video.

Non-Functional Requirements

• Images of a vehicle's license plate can be retrieved online.

• Captured vehicle number plates are scanned using OCR software.
• Allowing the ANPR System's seen item to be controlled by the system's operator
• It is supported to search in these databases to check whether a discovered plate number
matches one in a White or Black list based on the vehicle's plate number.
• Configuration of ANPR camera settings, such as brightness, gain, frames per second,
shutter, position, angles, etc. Refinement of the OCR options.
• An ANPR application restart or reboot Restarting the computer.
• Authentication of ANPR users who log in to the system.
• Reliability reporting on the state of the overall ANPR system (its individual hardware
devices and software components).

19
System Requirements
The system consists of two main requirements as hardware and software, The external systems'
interfaces can be configured (DB servers, GPRS, etc.) Control of parking or highway lots by
the adjustment of serial lines (COM ports). Configuration data and software upgrades may be
downloaded and uploaded back and forth.(iVMS-5200 ANPR V1.0.2 Software Requirements &
Hardware Performance, no date)
It is possible to set up custom rules and actions based on detected plate numbers, such as where
to save emergency reports (ERs) or how to activate an external system. Collecting statistical
information (numbers per hour, day that are known or unknown). Data logging and tracing are
important parts of the development process.
Use of live-video pictures for further tuning of OCR algorithm in recording test decks.
• Application Based on Python
• Operating System- Microsoft Windows 7 (Python)
• Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (64-bit)

Performance Requirements
Image normalization and enhancement, vehicle detection, and plate detection are all part of the
process of automated recognition. In the last phase, the OCR (Optical Character Recognition)
algorithm detects the individual characters and turns them into digital text data.
Mid-End Category – System Performance
CPU: Intel® CoreTMi3-1450 @3.50GHz 3.50GHZ
RAM: 4 GB
System Bit: 32-bit / 64bit
Network Card: GbE network interface card
The Graphics Card: Intel® HD Graphics 4000
Hard Disk Type: SSD
Hard Capacity: 128GB
a) Resolution: 1080*720P
Decoding Performance: Live View b) Frame Rate: 30fps
c) Bitrate: 1986Kbps

Security Requirements
The system ANPR Security System Engine (Automatic Number Plate Recognition) is the
brainchild of Adaptive Recognition Hungary and is powered by the software engine. As part
of the ANPR Security System Engine (Automatic Number Plate Recognition), the primary goal
is to offer "tuned" reading capabilities for a country's number plates. This camera is a cutting-
edge technology that offers incredible precision and speed. It is the ideal partner for this
technology since it offers a full solution that is tailored to the local climate. When you use this
method, you'll get the most out of the ANPR Security System Engine (Automatic Number Plate
Recognition).
Example
Site Security, Weigh Bridge Management, Motorway Control & Traffic Management Systems

20
Chapter- 03 Summarization

The system executes over six main files. They are file, preprocessing, localization,
segmentation, recognition, and help. The requirements of the ANPR system are camera, vehicle
type, image contrast, number plate size, number plate rotation, video frame rate.(Saad and Xue,
no date)
As a non-functional requirement that can be used here, pictures of the license plate of a vehicle
can be obtained from the internet. The image of the number plate used is scanned by the
technology used on the OCR concept.
Adaptive Recognition Hungary developed the ANPR Security System Engine). The ANPR
Security System Engine's main purpose is to provide "tuned" reading capabilities for a country's
number plates. Amazing accuracy and quickness with this cutting-edge camera. With a
complete solution suited to the local environment, it is the appropriate partner for this
technology.
The system consists of two main parts, hardware and software[15] External system interfaces
can also be configured Line adjustment can be used to control parking or expressways
Configuration data Software ratings can be downloaded and uploaded further Test tuning
involves the use of live video images by further tuning of the algorithm on the OCR concept.
For example, python-based application, Microsoft windows server, Microsoft windows 7.

21
 Chapter- 04

Development Tools and Technology

Development Methodology
Breaking down small parallel and sequential software development tasks into steps or sub-
processes is called the software development process. This includes tasks such as developing
and managing an application. It also defines the specific project design by a team and the
specific distributions they have completed. Much of this is unclear in terms of contemporary
development methods. But we can interpret these subtly.
A number of other methods can also be used to develop these fast applications and extreme
programmers. Among them, prototyping, spiral development, waterfalls are special. A life
cycle model is typically used for a group of methods. It is also the best application selected by
a company for a particular software development process. The highest quality software design
takes place in this process. They are also manufactured and tested. Such a process is called life
cycle software development. The main objective of such a process is to meet customer
expectations. And budgeting on time.
• The abbreviation SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle.
• The software development process is another name for it.
• The functions that are performed in each step are defined in terms of a frame in this case.
• For life cycle processes, the software follows the ISO / IEC 12207 standard. It enumerates
all of the functions necessary for software development and maintenance.

What is System Development Life Cycle According to ANPR System…?

SDLC refers to the process used in a software company to complete a software project. Its
purpose is to document the development, maintenance, replacement, modification, or
improvement of specialist software in great detail. Furthermore, the life cycle offers an
approach for enhancing performance.
Below are the stages of the software development life cycle.

Figure 11 (System Development Life Cycle - Stages)

22
Planning Stage
The first step is to plan and analyze the requirements, which are the most important and basic
steps here. This applies to the consumer, the sales department, the market survey. These are
also done by the senior members of the team with the relevant industry domain specifications
inputs. What is special about this is that the information obtained from this can then be used to
plan the initial project approach and to study the productivity of economic operations as well
as technological fields.
In the ANPR system, the design focused on what kind of place this system would be useful to,
what kind of people would be useful in what situations, and the problems that could arise when
using the system, as well as how to fix those problems in the first place. This system was
designed to be valid only for the selected number plate, to support the roller door gate, to mount
the camera on one side of the gate, to use the sensor, and to use the python language in
programming the program. There was also a need to allocate appropriate leadership for each
sector so that everyone has a responsibility.
As a result of this step, the main hope was to identify the risks associated with the project and
to adopt various technological approaches to implement it successfully.

Defining Stage
Once planned, the next step is to clearly define and document the requirements and get them
approved by the relevant analysts.
As discussed at the planning stage, we approached the relevant party to ascertain the views
held by all. For this we went to the module lecturer. Special attention was paid to the problems
in this ANPR system. The main problem was the type of number plate used. Although there
are different types of number plate system, it has been agreed to use only modern number plates
that are easy to capture as they use image processing. The other important factor was the
resolution of the camera used. This was because it was easier to use a high - quality camera to
take clearer pictures.

Designing Stage
The project and group leader of the project created an outline of the system that was intended
to be created, which made it easier to understand the project. In addition to this, the Gantt chart
and the WBS related to the work being done also completed the project on time as per the
relevant time frame.

Building Stage
In this step, the programming related to the ANPR system was discussed. The idea was to build
the entire system using the python language, which was spearheaded by the programming
leader. The software used was PyCharm.

Testing Stage
This can be described as a subset of all the above stages. The most important factor that reflects
this is the reporting of product defects. The main problem with the ANPR system was the
difficulty in correctly identifying the number plate.

23
Deploying Stage
This step involves inspecting the product expected from the project as well as presenting it to
the relevant parties once it is ready for deployment. In addition, it can be released for a limited
time in the early stages and then tested in the real business environment.

Programming Languages and Tools

A computer language designed to create a command is called a programming language. These
commands are referred to as machine – understood code. Here the output is controlled by an
algorithm similar to the human communication process. Programs are also created through
programming languages. A programming language can also be referred to as a computer
system or language.
Python is a high – Level common functional programming language. It has a design vision
with significant indentation. It also emphasizes the ability to read code. Language building as
well as Object – Oriented approach can be seen here. It enables programmers to write clearer
logic code for small and large – scale projects.

Third Party Components and Libraries

OpenCV is a great tool for image processing and[17] computer visualization. This is an open -
source library that can be used to do things like face recognition, landmark recognition and
protest binding. It supports languages like Python, Java and C++. Intel Russia’s number of
acclaimed experts were the main contributors to the OpenCV project, which was officially
launched in 1999. Intel performance library team also supported this. The first alpha version
of the OpenCV, PC view and Recognition, was released to the public in 2000 at the IEEE
Conference. This second major release was in 2009. And added a series of hardware modules
and an AI system to support OpenCV in 2020.
Here the primary interface is created using the programming language C++. But it is still
expanding and the old C interface was less retained. As well as, C++ interface contains all the
new developments and algorithms that have been made. OpenCV has relationships with
Python, Java and MATLAB / OCTAVE and we can find this interface in the API online
documentation. The reason for developing some programming language wrappers is that they
have to be adopted and encouraged by a wider audience. Another special feature is the release
of opencv.js for use in JavaScript binding and web platforms for a selected set of functions in
OpenCV.

What is OpenCV Library used for.?

The main purpose of this is to be able to read and write pictures using OpenCV. We need to
know the different colors of OpenCV and how to convert it to another. Here you need to know
how to create a NumPy Array and you should be familiar with the basic functionality of that
NimPy Array.

24
Hardware Tools
Mainly the hardware tools used to make the hardware system, these tools are all based with
Internet of Things (IOT). Here there is the description of the item we used to build and the
propose of the item used to. To make a celerity the image is taken the below table.
Item Name Image Description
This is a development
board with a low cost WIFI
camera. This is small in
size. In addition, it is a
ESP – 32
low-power-consumption
Camera
camera unit. It has a built
in 0V2640 digital camera.
Additionally, it has a built
in TF card reader.
The storage capacity
available for a particular
battery[19] is called the
mAh capacity rating and
Batteries
this battery can receive a
current of 1800 mA per
hour.
It consists of two
compartments. This is
activated for dry cells by
making electrical contacts
Battery with the capacitor battery
Holder terminal. Wet cells are
often activated by
connecting cables to the
battery terminals.
These are the power cords
or a bunch of cables. There
is a connector or pin at
Jumper each end.
Wire
Usage
Interface with other
systems to provide
WIFI and Bluetooth
functionality[18]
across interfaces,
reducing the
application load of
the main application
processor.
To get a longer
running time.
Maintain the
systems run without
electricity.
Empower the device
and keep the cells
secure and secure.
Makes it easy to
connect two points
together without
soldering and
change the circuit as
needed.

A personal computer is a System unit controls

kind of multipurpose the application we
computer that is small build to the ANPR
enough, powerful enough, System.
System and affordable enough for a
Unit single person to operate.
Operating system consists
of MS Windows.

Table 4 (Hardware Tools)

25
Outline Budget
In an outline budget we talk about the expenses incurred at the end of our project and the
income that can be earned in parallel. The cost we incur for this will be received at the end of
this project The main purpose of this project is to make a[20] profit at the end of the project
rather than the money we spend to make it a success. Otherwise, the project will fail. When
creating this project using these tools, we need to earn more profits than we spent. Or may fail.
This should also be taken into consideration. Even when we buy the goods we want, we can
buy the goods through different brands. Prices may also vary. Therefore, it is important to
choose the right[21] product.
Then you can finally make a profit. Here we have made a financial documentation to identify
the financial stage. with this outline budget, it is possible to make a huge profit by further
developing the existing system.

Financial Documentation
Group Project Cost-Benefit Analysis
Project Proposed Automatic Number Plate Recognition System
Seller Tronic.lk
Seller Location Kohuwala, Sri Lanka
Delivery Agency Pronto Lanka (Pvt) Ltd.
Chart 2 (Group Project Expenditure)

Financial Table
Item Name Description Quantity Item Price Total Cost
ESP-32 CAM OV2640
ESP-32 Camera
2Megapixel Camera 1 1,650.00 Rs. 1,650.00
(MD0424)
Development Module
3.7V 1800mA 3.7V 1800mA 18650 Li-
Batteries ion Rechargeable Battery 2 375.00 Rs. 750.00
(BA0027) (Good Quality)
Battery Holder Battery Holder Case for
1 85.00 Rs.85.00
(BA0040) 2x18650
Jumper wire Jumper wire Male-to-
1 160.00 Rs.160.00
(TA0027) Female (1x40-pin)
Sub Total Rs.2,645.00
Chart 3 (Financial Table)

Delivery
Item Type Location Total Cost
Lunugamwehera, Southern
PSL Rs. 370.00
Province, Sri Lanka
Chart 4 (Delivery Table)

* The total amount spend for the group project is divided among the group members (per person = Rs.500)

26
Chapter- 04 Summarization

Software development process is a concept used to control the development and structuring
and design of a system processes. This is called the software development life cycle[22] or
SDLC. The software development process can be taken as a general methodology for a
particular model. Software development is the process by which software is used by the
industry after a well-designed, developed, and tested process to obtain a higher and higher
quality product. The goal of such processes is to create high-quality software that meets the
customer's needs in a timely manner and completes the relevant costs. Using this concept in
the ANPR system, developing, maintaining, replacing, modifying, or improving specific
software. The main stages of the SDLC life cycle are planning, analysis, designing,
implementation, and maintenance.
Planning and analysis of requirements should be done as a first step in the planning stage.
Focuses on relevant information after small surveys. Its specialty is to plan the initial and post-
implementation of the project based on the data obtained from it. Python was used as the
required programming language in system design. We also identified the risks here and took
action. We also discussed with all and liaised with the relevant parties. As mentioned above,
we used modern number plates as a problem that arose there. This is because the file capture
file is compatible with modern number plates, so a high-quality camera with the required
resolution was used. Gantt chart The WBC concept aims to complete the project within the
relevant time frame. The problem with number plate identification arose primarily in reporting
product defects. PyCharm is a programming language used in the creation of our system using
the input software PyCharm. This is a language with algorithms like human communication
processes. python Image processing can be done using any language. C# is a good
programming language that can be used for this. C# Library contains the collection of light
weight image processing library’s a high-level language.
An EMGU is an open source based on the image processing process of open cv. Works on
Windows, Mac, Linux, OS. Also allows any .Net language to work on Open cv features.
Under the outline budget, we talk about the details of a project, the budget, the revenue that
can be earned in parallel with the expenses we incur at the end of our project. At the end of the
day, the main goal is to make more profit than we spent on the project. Or the project will fail.
It is important to pay special attention when[23] choosing the raw material for this. Products can
be available under different brands. It is important to get high quality products at a reasonable
price. Here we are able to achieve our goal. We have also built the necessary documents for
this project.

27
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[2]. IKS Locksmiths North London,Barnet. Call Martin: 02032841045.

https://www.ikslocksmiths.co.uk/

[3]. Digital Image Processing | Prescient Technologies. https://www.pre-

scient.com/knowledge-center/image-processing/image-processing.html

[4]. Dummy head recording - Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dummy_head_recording

[5]. IJECT Vo l . 8, Is s u E 3, Ju l y - sE p T 2017 Efficient ....

http://www.iject.org/vol8/issue3/3-preeti-rani.pdf

[6]. nd th ISSN: 1608 3679 (print) 2520 4890 (Online) Automatic ....
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7fa5/203e57115a71e30593c45b3cdb5b872bfa62.pdf

[7]. EARN MONEY AND DISCOUNTS | PARTTEAM & OEMKIOSKS.

https://oemkiosks.com/?page=recommendation

[8]. Getting started with EasyOCR for Optical Character ....

https://www.pyimagesearch.com/2020/09/14/getting-started-with-easyocr-for-optical-
character-recognition/

[9]. Postgresql Server For Mac. https://bumblesafari.paradisedestination.co/postgresql-server-

for-mac/

[10]. Social Media and Its Effects on Beauty | IntechOpen.

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/73271

[11]. 7 Write a Java method named daysInMonth that returns the ....
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p7tettj/7-Write-a-Java-method-named-daysInMonth-
that-returns-the-number-of-days-in-a/

[12]. Cancer and Scorpio Compatibility - Kasamba.

https://www.kasamba.com/astrology/zodiac-compatibility/cancer-scorpio-love-match/

[13]. Local News: Salem School receives needed updates (9/23/20 ....
https://www.areawidenews.com/story/2836867.html

[14]. Duality in William Blake's the Tyger - Literature Essay ....

https://literatureessaysamples.com/duality-in-william-blakes-the-tyger/

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[15]. Liu, Yahui, et al. “Online 3D Ear Recognition by Combining Global and Local
Features.” PLoS One, vol. 11, no. 12, Public Library of Science, Dec. 2016, p. e0166204.

[16]. Management of Teak Plantations - Food and Agriculture ....

https://www.fao.org/3/AC773E/ac773e08.html

[17]. Some Amazing Applications of OpenCV Library - Analytics Vidhya.

https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2021/09/some-amazing-applications-of-opencv-
library/

[18]. paperd.ink: Simple and Elegant E-paper development board .... https://www.electronics-
lab.com/paperd-ink-simple-and-elegant-e-paper-development-board/

[19]. What Is the AA Alkaline Battery Capacity? - Microcell Battery.

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[20]. Billing Management System in PHP/MySQLi with Source Code ....

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updated.html

[21]. “Creative Brief Maciek Jaźwiecki.” The British Journal of Photography, vol. 164, no.
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[23]. RIFLESCOPE OWNER’S MANUAL ADJUSTING WINDAGE AND ELEVATION

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[24]. ANPR Syetem Modeling Diagram – Shared with Google Drive

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[27].iVMS-5200 ANPR V1.0.2 Software Requirements & Hardware Performance (no date).

29
[28].Kranthi, S., Pranathi, K. and Srisaila, A. (2011) Automatic Number Plate Recognition,
International Journal of Advancements in Technology. Available at: http://ijict.org/.

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30
 Team Plan & Responsibility Matrix
*This is to note this project is a part of Group-04, and as the group leader, the work-load is
divided equally among every member as assigned in the below chart.

Contributor Plymouth Group Individual Contribution

Name ID Position
Graphically Chart Description
Having a proper
PROJECT WORK-
LOAD identification in the ANPR
System, had a great
Problem Definition opportunity to handle this
UML Modeling group project as a project
Architecture Diagram manager. Learned many
things in “Unified Modeling
Introduction
Language” to take apart
Project and
with the group members. As
Group 15% 11%
S.Y.T Silva 10749896 the group leader, I had the
Leader
responsibility to divide the
16% group work equally among
group members. Mostly I
58% had to keep working out in
report marking with a
different style.
“As the group leader, I am
very delighted about my
team’s spirit.”
PLANNING
The main part of the project
WORK-LOAD was to manage the time
while completing partly. So,
Project Objectives
we had to come up with a
proper Gantt Chart to have
Time Frame an idea about the project
planning. Development of
Development
Methodology
the methodology was built
Third Party Libraries up according to “System
Development Life Cycle.”
H.A.A Planning The Meeting Minutes was
10749947
Madhushani Leader carried out in every single
20% meeting that we scheduled.
9% As a member, I think that we
51%
had a good idea about the
20%
process of working as a
team.
“The time we spend on
physical and online had a
great opportunity to
understand others in the
group”

31
 TECHNICAL
System Technical issues
WORK-LOAD were carried out they were
discussed with the group
Target Users members. Mainly the chapter
Functional Requirement summarization is done in
Chapter Summary every chapter. Abstraction in
the report had to be carried
Abstract
out. I had many opportunities
in the field of this “ANPR
I.G.I.S Technical
10748094 System” As a beginning, I
Lakshan Leader 32% had no idea about the project.
42%
After carrying out the
working I had to find out
12% many things about the
14%
project.
“Mostly we spent time online
to complete this project,
there we had many ideas
exchanges”
The most important part of
PROGRAMMING the group project was
WORK-LOAD carrying out the
Application and programming as the
Features programming leader.
Hardware Tools
Graphical User Interface was
designed in web application
Programming
based. The build-up was
Languages and Tools done according to the parts
Hardware Requirement
that we used in hardware
K.P.V.S
10749954 Programmin tools. This code was
Pinnawala
g Leader mounted in third-party
14% 10%
libraries. As a result, there
was an opportunity to use
24%
OpenCV Library.
The application interface and
52%
features were written to the
project proposal.
“Finally happy to complete
such a huge project with the
given time frame.”

32
 Quality checking is a huge
QUALITY WORK- part of the group project. My
PROCESS
partner testing and
Project Overview maintenance leader had a
Feasibility Study complete idea, so this was
easy to manage the testing
Project Scope
and quality checking. Mainly
Problem Definition I focused on the feasibility
study. This had me think
P.S.R Quality 7%
10749948 20% about the operational,
Siriwardhana Leader
technical, schedule parts of
the final document. The
24% 49% meeting minutes were
recorded out during every
meeting ends.
“The most useful thing was
to maintain out our position
as a leader in the whole
group project”
MAINTENANCE
After the system
WORK-LOAD development, I had to test the
system and complete the
Requirement Gathering maintenance during the first
Techniques
two weeks. Requirement
Existing System gathering was my main part
of this group project. As this
Non – Functional system had an existing
Requirement
A.M.D system. I had to look up the
10749990 Testing and Chapter Summary theory behind the
Gunarathna
Maintenanc maintenance in the existing
e Leader 16% system to make a successful
23%
current system.
“Happy to have a group
project to learn more about
24% 37%
the team work”

33

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