CARDIOVASCULAR

SYSTEM
By
Eman Mohammed Elsaeed
Assistant Lecturer of Anatomy & Embryology
 The cardiovascular system supplies
oxygen & nutrients to cells, and removes
waste products.

 It consists of:
a. Heart: hollow muscular organ which
pumps the blood.
b. Blood vessels: include arteries, veins &
capillaries.
c. Blood: carries oxygen, nutrients &
wastes.
The heart

 Site: in the middle of the thorax just above the diaphragm, one third to the
right & two thirds to the left of the median plane.

 Size: about the size of the individual’s closed fist.

 The long axis is directed downwards, forwards & to the left.

 The heart is covered by a serous sac known
as pericardium.
 The heart is divided into 4 chambers:
▪ Right & left atria.
▪ Right & left ventricles.

 Right & left sides are separated by longitudinal septum, and atria & ventricles
are separated by transverse septum.
 Valves between heart chambers:
❑ Tricuspid valve
between right atrium & right ventricle.
❑ Mitral valve
between left atrium & left ventricle.
Blood vessels

 Arteries: carry the blood away from the heart to the body tissues, they carry
oxygenated blood except pulmonary arteries.
 Veins: carry the blood towards the heart, they carry unoxygenated blood
except pulmonary veins.
 Great vessels attached to the heart:

❑ Right atrium: superior vena cava (SVC), inferior vena cava (IVC).
❑ Right ventricle: pulmonary trunk, then divides into right & left pulmonary
arteries.
❑ Left atrium: 4 pulmonary veins.
❑ Left ventricle: ascending aorta, then becomes arch of the aorta, then
descending aorta.
 Heart is supplied by right and left coronary arteries.

 Heart is innervated by autonomic nervous system.

How the blood circulates
Unoxygenated blood from body tissue SVC & IVC which open in right

atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle pulmonary trunk & its

division to pulmonary arteries (unoxygenated blood) lung alveoli (gas

exchange) pulmonary veins (oxygenated blood) left atrium mitral

valve left ventricle ascending aorta, then aortic arch & descending

aorta branches distribute oxygenated blood to body tissues.