Dynamic System Analysis

MECH 432

Transactional Mechanical Motion

Interconnection Laws
Interconnection Laws

• Laws dictate how variables and parameters of a system interact together

• For the simplest mechanical system, we want to relate position, mass, and forces

• Laws are non-negotiable x (t )

• Typical laws: f (t )
1. D’Alembert’s law M
2. Newton’s third law
3. Law of displacement
Newton’s Second Law

• The governing law for masses in rectilinear motion is Newton’s second law, that is, the
summation of forces must be equal to the change in the linear momentum of the system

• Linear momentum is a mass multiplied by the velocity of an object

x (t )
𝑑
෍ 𝑓𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 𝑀𝑣 𝑡
f (t ) 𝑑𝑡
M =𝑀
𝑑𝑣(𝑡)
=𝑀
𝑑 𝑥(𝑡)
ሶ
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑀𝑎 𝑡 = 𝑀𝑥(𝑡)
ሷ
 Newton’s Second and D’Alembert’s Law

• Another equivalent law is D’Alembert’s law

• Essentially treat the change of momentum as a force and set the summation of force
equal to zero
• Call this force the inertial force
𝑑
෍ 𝑓𝑒𝑥𝑡 = (𝑀𝑣 𝑡 )
x (t )
𝑑𝑡

𝑑
f (t ) ෍ 𝑓𝑒𝑥𝑡 −
𝑑𝑡
𝑀𝑣 𝑡 =0

M
Newton’s Third Law
• Newton’s third law states that for every action there is a reaction of the same
magnitude and opposite sense.
Law of Displacements
• Two ends that are connected are forced to move with the same displacement and
velocity.
 (x )i = 0 around any closed loop
i

𝑥 + −𝑥 = 0

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 − 𝑥2 = 0