Q4 AP REVIEWER
CITIZENSHIP
➢ The relationship that exists between
an individual & a state. (Britannica)
➢ A position or status of being a citizen
of a particular country to which an
individual owes allegiance and in
turn is entitled to its protection.
➢ Citizenship was developed during
the Greek civilization. It first arose in
towns & city-states of ancient
Greece.
- Applied to property owners but not
to women, slaves, or poor members
of the community.
MURRAY CLARK HAVENS (1981)
- Citizenship is the relationship
between an individual and the state.
Refers to the “membership” of an
individual to a state to which the
individual is given rights & privileges
with accompanying responsibilities.
Living in a country does not mean that a
person is a citizen of that country. A citizen
of one country who lives in a foreign country
is known as ALIENS. An Alien is someone
who is not a citizen of the country they
reside in.
1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE PH
- The supreme law of the Philippines.
- Body of doctrines and practices that
form the fundamental organizing
principle of a political state.
- Set of rules that guides how a
country or state works.
ARTICLE IV CITIZENSHIP
The following are the citizens of the
Philippines:
1. Those citizens of the Philippines at
the time of the adoption of this
Constitution.
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2. Fathers and mothers are citizens of
the Philippines;
3. Born before January 17, 1973, of
Filipino mothers, who elect
Philippine citizenship upon reaching
the age of majority; and
4. Those naturalized in accordance
with the law.
SECTION 4. A Filipino citizen who marries
an alien does not automatically lose her/his
citizenship. Only by their act of omission are
deemed under the law to have renounced
their citizenship such as by taking an oath of
allegiance to a foreign country.
SECTION 5. Dual allegiance of citizens is
inimical to the national interest and shall be
dealt with by law. Nota bene: section 5
prohibits is not dual citizenship but dual
allegiance.
Jus sanguinis - Citizen by virtue of blood
relationship
Jus soli - Citizen by virtue of the place of
birth
How Filipino Citizenship may be lost:
1. Naturalization in a foreign country
2. Express renunciation of Citizenship
(expatriation)
3. Accepting a commission in the
armed force of a foreign country.
4. Cancellation of certificate of
naturalization by the court.
5. Been declared by authorities a
deserted of the Philippine armed
forces in time of war.
Cyrus’ Cylinder
➢ An ancient artifact consists of a
declaration of religious reforms
issued in 539 BCE by Emperor
Q4 AP REVIEWER
Cyrus II, founder & ruler of the
Persian Empire.
➢ Inscribed in Babylonian cuneiform
on a clay cylinder. World’s first
charter of human rights.
Magna Carta
➢ 1215, tyrant ruler King John was
forced to sign the great charter that
limited the power of the king. Magna
Carta stated that the king must
follow the law and could not simply
rule as he wished.
➢ King John’s cruelty united the
powerful feudal nobles. John tried to
gather support but was too weak to
resist, King John affixed his seal to
the Magna Carta on June 15, 1215.
➢ The first written constitution in
Europe & become the foundation of
the constitution of every English-
speaking country.
➢ Guaranteed the rights of women &
children who inherited property, &
gave people the right to due
process. The protection of rights of
the church, merchants, and
townspeople.
➢ Gave barons the right to declare war
on the king if he did not follow the
charter’s provisions.
Petition of Right
● A petition was sent by the English
Parliament to King Charles I
complaining of a series of violations
of the law in 1628.
The petition sought recognition of four
principles:
1. No taxation without the consent of
Parliament.
2. No imprisonment without cause;
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3. No quartering of soldiers on
subjects; and
4. No martial law in peacetime
Bill of Rights
● Drafted by delegates of the
Constitutional Convention on
September 17, 1787, this four-page
document established the
government of the United States.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and
of the Citizen
➢ Human rights documents were
adopted in the early stages of the
french revolution. Had a major
impact on the development of liberty
& democracy in Europe & across the
world.
➢ Based on concepts of separation of
powers by Montesquieu, will theory
by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, & that
all men are subject to universal &
natural human rights.
➢ Basic principles: equality, resistance
to oppression, right to due process,
the right to participate in legislation,
& freedom of speech & religion.
The First Geneva Convention
➢ Series of international diplomatic
agreements for humane treatment of
wounded or captured military
personnel & non-military civilians
during war or armed conflicts.
➢ October 1864, delegates from 16
countries along with military medical
personnel traveled to Geneva to
discuss the terms of a wartime
humanitarian agreement. This
meeting was signed by 12 nations
became known as the First Geneva
Convention.
Q4 AP REVIEWER

Universal Declaration of Human

Rights (UDHR)
➢ Milestone document in the history of
human rights drafted by
representatives from different
backgrounds from all regions of the
world.
➢ Proclaimed by the United Nations
General Assembly in Paris on
December 10, 1948.
➢ The document sets out fundamental
human rights to be protected & has
been translated into over 500
languages.
➢ Acts like a global road map for
freedom & equality protecting the
rights of every individual
everywhere. Must be promoted &
protected in all countries.

Eleanor Roosevelt
- UDHR was created when Eleanor,
the wife of the US president was
designated as the chairperson of
Human Rights Commission.

URI NG KARAPATAN
Natural - karapatang taglay ng bawat tao
kahit hindi ipagkaloob ng Estada. Hal.
karapatang mabuhay, maging malaya at
magkaroon ng ari-arian.
Constitutional Rights - karapatang
ipinagkaloob at pinanga-ngalagaan ng
Estado. Hal. karapatang politikal, sibil at
sosyo ekonomiko.
Statutory Rights - karapatang kaloob ng
binuong batas at maaaring alisin sa
pamamagitan ng panibagon batas. Hal.
karapatang makatanggap ng minimum
wage.

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