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The Theoretical Framework of Library Smart Service: Literature Review and

Content Analysis

Conference Paper · August 2020

DOI: 10.1145/3383583.3398569

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Jiaqi Liao
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Poster Session JCDL ’20, August 1–5, 2020, Virtual Event, China

The Theoretical Framework of Library Smart Service

Literature Review and Content Analysis
Jiaqi Liao
School of Information Management
Sun Yat-sen University
Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
liaojq7@mail2.sysu.edu.cn

ABSTRACT technology. The role of the library is undergoing a fundamental

change, and the concept of smart library is emerging (Wang, 2017;
Nowadays, the discussion of library smart service in academic
Leorke et al, 2018). The smart library integrates intelligent
circles mostly stays at the stage of putting forward concepts, and
technology, smart librarians and library management. The smart
there are various different opinions. The research uses the
service of the library is the core part of the smart library system,
methods of literature review as well as content analysis to sort out
which runs through the construction and operation process of the
the core academic theory of library smart service in 66 academic
smart library (Chu & Duan, 2018). The purpose of this research is
papers and excavates the core elements of library smart service
to extract the academic core elements of smart service of modern
and their relationship through the way of framework
library and construct the academic core theoretical framework
construction. Finally, follow the framework of "Smart City - Smart
through theoretical extraction and framework construction from
Library - Smart Service - User" and under the core of "information
the relevant papers. By doing this research, we can extract
technology + multi-service perspective", this research integrates
academic concept of library smart service in theory and refine its
five integrated elements including macro background layer,
theoretical connotation and extension. In practice, it can provide
related factors layer, technology equipment layer, service creating
reference for accelerating the transformation of library traditional
layer and service providing layer, into the theoretical framework
service to innovation driven development.
of core elements of library smart service.

CCS CONCEPTS
•Applied computing~Computers in other domains~Digital
libraries and archives
KEYWORDS
Library service; Smart service; Smart library; Core elements
ACM Reference format:
Jiaqi Liao. 2020. The Theoretical Framework of Library Smart Service:
Literature Review and Content Analysis. In Proceedings of 2020 ACM
Conference JCDL’20, August 1-5, Virtual Event, China, 2 pages.
https://doi.org/10.1145/3383583.3398569
1 PURPOSE & SIGNIFICANCE
Under the concepts of smart city and smart society, the degree of
modern public cultural service's popularization and convenience
is being further improved relying on the emerging information
Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or
classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed
for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation
on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored.
For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.
JCDL '20, August 1–5, 2020, Virtual Event, China
© 2020 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.
ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-7585-6/20/08.
https://doi.org/10.1145/3383583.3398569
2 METHOD & PROCESS
2.1 Literature Sources and Collection
By using the approach of systematic analysis and content analysis,
the important literature of library intelligent service was collected.
Firstly, the time limit for the published literature was 3 years from
September 1, 2019. Secondly, keywords for the papers are “smart
library”, “smart service”, “library service”, etc. Then, search
literature in Web of Science, China HowNet and other databases.
After screening and classification, a total of 66 papers were
selected.
2.2 Research on the Concept and Connotation
of Library Smart Service
In the discussion of the concept of library smart service, it is
generally placed in the context of smart library, including social
context, technological context and linguistic context (Qin D,2016).
Moreover, smart service is a concept integrating knowledge,
technology and human beings. According to about 30 relevant
papers, the connotation of library smart service includes a series
of service theories, such as service principle, service strategy and
service mode, which together constitute the system of smart
service. Existing research use multiple perspectives to explore this
issue, such as user experience perspective, data-driven
perspective, etc. However, user is still the first concern of library
services, and knowledge service is the core of modern library
services.

471
 Poster Session JCDL ’20, August 1–5, 2020, Virtual Event, China

2.3 The Technology of Library Smart Service
The technical means of library smart service are mainly reflected
in improving the service efficiency of library with the help of
modern developed information technology. At present, the
technical means mentioned in the research of library smart
service mainly include big data, cloud computing, Internet of
things. In the 66 documents collected, 17 focused on the
technology of library smart service. According to the papers,
mobile visual search, big data, cloud computing, face recognition
and other technologies are mainly used in the smart library at
present, which are respectively used in the retrieval service,
library background system construction, daily service in the
library, personalized service and mobile information service.
3.2 Framework Core: Integration of
Information Technology and New Perspective
into Traditional Library Services
Throughout the research on library smart service, the emerging
information technology is the main means to improve the service
efficiency of modern library, which can also support the user
experience of smart service. (Aithal,2016). With the promotion of
information technology, new service perspectives are constantly
injected into traditional services. The collected six perspectives of
personalized customization, data-driven, ubiquitous network, etc.
different service perspectives and concepts enhance the diversity
of smart services.

2.4 Related Factors and Evaluation of Library

Smart Service
The existing research reflects many factors related to library
intelligent service, and these factors are generally closely related
to intelligent library, such as smart city, smart librarian, smart
management, smart service promotion, etc. As for the evaluation
of library smart service, some scholars measure the degree of
library smart service through three levels of indicators: intelligent
service technology, intelligent tools and platforms, and intelligent
software system (Liu & Zhang, 2018). The evaluation of library
smart service is inseparable from the feedback of users. Users'
dimension can be added to the evaluation and measurement
indexes to investigate users' perception and acceptance of library
smart service.

3 OUTCOMES AND VALUE

3.1 Main Line of the Framework: From Smart

City to Smart Service for Users
The main line of this framework is "smart city - smart library -
smart service - target users", starting with smart city and ending
with target user. Smart library helps the construction of smart
city. In the smart library, it also covers the components of smart
service, smart librarians, smart management. The user is the
service target of the library. Almost any service mode, service
mode and service path point to the user in all kinds of libraries.
When it comes to library smart service, we need to understand
and replace the two core elements of smart city and smart library
at the macro background layer to create the smart context, and
then we can explore the smart service from the components of
smart library. At the end of the main line, we also need to make it
clear that users are the ultimate guide of intelligent service and
occupy the most important position in the core elements of library
smart service.
Figure 1: Theoretical framework of library smart service
REFERENCES
[1] Wang S. (2017). Smart society is a new realm of smart library development.
Library Journal, 36(12), 9-13.
[2] Leorke, D., Wyatt, D., & McQuire S. (2018). “More than just a library”: Public
libraries in the ‘smart city’. City, Culture and Society, 15(2018):37-44.
[3] Chu, J., & Duan, M. (2018). Smart library and smart service. Library development,
(4): 85-90.
[4] Qin, D. (2016). Context, elements and development path of smart library. Library,
(6) :43-47.
[5] Liu, Y., Zhang, X. (2018). Research on the measurement and evaluation of
intelligence level of Smart Library. Library and Information, (05):98-102. 
[6] Aithal, S. (2016). Smart Library Model for Future Generations. Social Science
Electronic Publishing, 1(1): 693-703.

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