male Cates] — eee B Trainee GuideElectrical Level Three Trainee Guide Ninth Taso] Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madtid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyoecrr Preset: Bo Why Sor Pdi Monae: Ti Dis Ur Poni Seve Gene (Qui Aer Caste Karyn Pa hey Options Ofer Katina Kesh Deo Patten Cutar Jmes Mey Darwer rut Deepen Dice Dike amiss Spc Aatenne Fayre Et! Pct Monae Cis Wien Prdacton Sst Aaenne Payne ‘Ser Dep eur lar Dome Prato Aste Heater Get Catsn, Lesh Wel toe: Grabam Hos, Seve Re, Rebeca Hak ‘Welting and development reece provide by Topas Publican, eepaa NY eda Mag ees Wea mining, Maan An Dis Nitan eens Peso er ase Cals Lathe Cenpunive NCCE Prego Mager Alesondrina BW Prt BR Dorey Digi! Ste Pret erage Heather Darby Tana (Gove rin RR Den ley Heres, ose Care Tat Fonts Plating and rivers itr of Meeting tah Ao Shans ‘Css an anowldmont for content bere rm tr secs a rapeosuced, with perms, nthe ebook ‘Capyigh © 2017, 2014, 201,208, 2005200, 199, 1986 1952 by NCCER,Alacu, FL 2615 and published by Peamen dcatio, tc, Nev York NY 2003 Al rights ered, Pinte! the Le Sao Aeris Tis pct pected Dy Copy sa pecision sla sain nm NCCES prin shy probes rprosicton, srage ms ena stom ortanemanon in an) frm erby an) means, actors machen! photcepyiny cosh ethene for [nfnmaton regarding permeates) en NCCER Product Devepment Iac1 ogres Biv, Alc FL SBS. ate Bec erseaesPreface To the Trainee Electricity powers the applications that make our daily’ lives more productive and efficient. The «demand for electricity has led to vast job opportu- nities in the electrical field. Electricians constitute cone of the largest construction eceupations in the United States, and they are among the highest-paid ‘workers in the construction industry. According to the US. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the demand for traned electricians is projected to increase, creating more job opportunities for skilled craftspeople in the electrical indus Toaricae Inet! clerical eyetoms in sic tures such as homes, office buildings, and fac- tories. These systems include wiring and other electrical components, such as circuit breaker pan- cls, switches, and light fixtures. Flectricians fol- low blueprints, the National Electrical Code", and state and local codes. They use specialized tools land testing equipment, such as ammeters, ohm meters, and voltmeters. Flectrcians Team. their trade through craft and apprenticeship programs. ‘These programs provide classroom instruction and onsthe}ob learning with experienced electricians. We wish you sucess a5 you embark on yout first year of training in the electrical craft, and hope that you will eoatinue your training beyond this textbook. There are more than 700,000 people employed in electrical work in the United States, and there are many opportunities awaiting those ‘with the skills and desire to move forward in the construction industry. New with Electrical Level Three NCCER and Pearson are pleased to present the ninth edition of Electrica! Level Thrce, This edition has been update to meet the 2017 National Elec- Iical Code and includes revisions to the Module Fxaminations. Electrical Level Three is now presented in NCCER's most up-to-date instructional systems design, in which thecontent of each modules tied directly to a Tearing objective. There are addi- tional study questions at the end of each section of text. In addition, images and diagrams have been updated throtighout the program to reflect ‘current electrical practices with an emphasis on safety. A number of enhancements have been ‘made to Practical Applications of Lighting (Module 1D 26203-17), which has been updated with the latest in LED technology. We wish yous success as you progress through this training program. Ifyou have any comments on haw NCCER might improve upon this text book, please complete the User Update form located at the back of each module and send ito us, We will always consider and respond ta input from our customers. We invite you to visit the NCCER website at wwWwnceerong fer information on the Latest product releases and training, as well as online Versions of the Cornerstone magazine and Pear- son's NCCER product catalog. ‘Your feedback s welcome. You may email your comments to eurriculum@necer org or send gen eral comments and inquiries to info@nccer.org, NCCER Standardized Curricula NCCER is a not-for-profit 501(c)(3) education foundation established in 1996 by the world's largest and most progressive construction compa ries and national construction associations. It was founded to address the severe workiorce shortage facing the industry and to develop a standardized taining process and curricula. Today, NCCER is supported by hundreds of leading construction and maintenance companies, manufacturers, and rational associations, The NCCER Standardized Curricula was developed by NCCER in partner- ship with Pearson, the world’s largest educational publisher. Some features of the NCCER Standardized Curricula are as follows: + An industry-proven rocord of success * Curricula developed by the industry, for the industry ‘+ National standardization providing portability of learned job skills and educational credits + Compliance with the Office of Apprenticeship requirements for related classroom training (CFR 2929) + Welkilusirated, up-to-date, and practical infor- mation NCCER also maintains the NCCER Registry, which provides transcripts, certificates, and wallet cards to individuals who have successfully com- pleted 4 level of training within a craft in NCCER's Curricula, Training programs must be delivered by an NCCER Accredited Training Sponsor in order to receive these credentials— Special Features In an effort to provide a comprehensive and user fri informative feotures, Whether you are a visual or h ully training resource, this curriculum showeases several ndavon learner, these features are intended to enhance your Jknowledge ofthe construction industry as you progress in your training, Some of the features you may find in the csrriculuims are explained below. Introduction This introductory page, found at the beginning of each modole, lists the module Osjectives, Performance Tasks, and Trade Terms. The Objectives list the know edge you vill acquire after succesfully completing the module. The Performance Tasks give you an apport nity toapply your knowledge to real-world tasks. The ‘Trade Terms are industey-speeific vocabulary thal you willearn as you study this module, ek Trade Feature: ‘Trade features present technical tips and professional practices based on realife scenarios similar to those {You might encounter on the job site Bowline Trivia ‘Some people ue thir saying to bep thom ‘erambor how tots 3 bowtne “Ths rabbit comes foutof shoe, around ate, and backinto the hole Figures and Tab! Photographs, drawings, diagrams, and tables are used throughout each mosis to llestate important con ‘eptsand provide clarity for complex instuctions. Text references to figures and tables are emphasized with Holic type Notes, Cautions, and Warnings Safety features are set of fom the main text in high: lighted boxes and categorized eccording to Uhe poten- tia danger involved, Notes simply provide additional information. Cautions ‘lag a hazardous issue that could cause damage to materials or equipment. War: ings stress potentially dangerous situation that could result in injury or death to worker ames tbe posed on each matt escog dance Ine someaisn mind tne coves prime) ERIE REE ces gration onCase History ‘Case History features emphasize the importance of safety by cng examples of he costly (and often dev- fstating) consequences of ignoring best practices oF OSHA regulations. Going Green ‘Going Green features present steps being taken within the construction industry t0 protect the environment find save energy, emphasizing choices that can be rade on the job to preserve the health of the planet. Reducing Your Carbon Footprint Many comoanis or tin partin snepapaiare mover Thay eases ‘air enaronmoctl imac by resing sneamoun af saner they ee Using oma Did You Know Did You Know features introduce historical tidbits ot interesting and sometimes surprising facts about the trade. Step-by-Step Instructions Step-by-step instructions are used throughout to guide You through technical procedures and tavks from start fo finish. These steps show you how to perform a task safely and efficient. efor the following taps to erect i syaem area scaffold: a * Step Gather and inspect ll scald equipment forthe scaffold arrangement. Step2. Place appropriate mudsills in their ap- prosimate keations. Step3_ Attach the screw jacks to the mudsills. Trade Terms ach module presents ast of Trade Terms that are dlscissed within the textand defined inthe Glcssy at the end ofthe module, These terms are presented inthe text ath bold, ise type upon thes fst occurrence ‘To make searches for bey formation ease, a com prehensive Glossary of Trade Terms from all modules Ercatec at the back ofthis book Jor moved must be connected to the apparatus such as 2 crane, that will provide the power for movement. The eonnector~the link between the Toad and the epparatus—is often a sling, made synthetic, chain, or wire rope materials: This sec ton focuses on three types of slings Section Review Each section of the module wraps up with a list of ‘Additional Resources for further study and Section Review questions designed to test your knowledge of the Objectives for that section. a Review Questions ‘The end-of-module Review Questions can be used to ‘measure and reinforce your knowledge of the mod- tales content— NCCER Standardized Curricula NECCER's taining programs comprise ‘more than 80 covstraction, sgint hance, pipeline, and utility areas and ‘ntl Sil assesment, softy train fing. an managevnent education Boiletmaking Cabinetmaking Carpentry Concrete Fish Constection Cra Laborer Constraction Technology ore Coricuunsntrxtuctory Crit Skis Drywall Elcerial Hlectrontc Systm Technician Heating, Venslatng. and Avr Conditioning Hey Equipment Operations Highway Heavy Construction Tydrblasting Industrial Costing and Lining ‘pplication Specialist Industral Marttenance Electrical and Instrumentation Technician Industri Maintenance Mechanic Instrumentation Insulating Tronveorking Masonry Mire Mobile Crane Operations Painting Painting, Industriat Piping Pipelayer Plots Reinforingtromwork Rigging Seifakding Sheet Meta Sigul Peron Ste Layout Sprinkler Fiting Tower rane Operator wading OP Maritime Maritime Industry Fundamentals Maniime Pipeftting Maritime Structural Fitter Green/Sus Construction Building Auditor Fundamentals of Weatherization Introduction to Weatherization Sustainable Construction Supervisor able Weather Your Rolein the Groen Environment Energy Alternative Energy Introduction to the Power Industry Introduction to Solar Photovoltaics Introchiction to Wind Energy Power Industry Fundamentals over Generation Maintenance Electrician Power Generation 1&C Maittenatee Rechutian Power Generation Maintenance Mechanic Power Line Worker Power Line Worker: Distribution Power Line Worker: Substation Power Line Worker: Transmission Solar Photovoltaic Systems Installer Wind Turbine Maintenance “Technician tions, Liquid Corrosion Control Electrical and Instrumentation Field Operations, Liquid Field Operations, Gas Maintenance Mechanical Safety Field Safety Safety Orientation Safety Technology Supplemental Titles Applied Construction Math ‘TWols for Success Management Construction WorkForce Development Professional Fundamentals of Crew Leadership Mentoring for Craft Professionals Projcet Management Project Supervision Spanish Tit Acabado de concreto: nivel uno (Concrete Finishing Level One) Aislamiento: nivel uno (sulting Level One) Albatilerit nivel uno (Masonry Level One) Andamios (Seaflding) (Cerpinteris Formos pe carpintera, nivel te (Garni Caper Forms, Level me) Curricula bisico:habilidades introductorios del ofcio (Core Curate: introductory Craft Shills) Electricidad: nivel uno (Electrical Level One) Hierreria: nivel uno (Gronworking Lv! One) Hereria de refverzor nivel uno (Reinforcing foaork Level One) Instalacion de rocindores: nivel uno (Gprnkier Fiting Level One) Instalacion de tuberias: nivel uno (Pipefiting Level Oe) Instrumentacin: nivel uno, nivel dos nivel tes, nivel cuatro isiramentotion Levels One trough Four (Orientacin de seguridad (Gafety Orientation) Paneles de yeso: nivel uno (Dryent Level One) Seguridad de campo (Field Safety)—— Acknowledgments ‘This curriculum was revised as a result of the farsightedness and leadership of the following sponsors: ABC of lowa ‘ABC Norther California Chapter ‘ABC Southern California Chapter ‘Beacon Flectrical Contractors Cianbro Corporation Faith Technologies, Ine. Gaylor Electric, Inc. Harbor Energy Solutions Industrial Management and Tra ig Institute, ISC Constructors, LLC Lamphear Electric Le College Madison Comprehensive High School ProCieult Ine Putnam Careor and Technical Center Specialized Services Techy Mecrical Contractors Zenith Faacation Group ‘This curriculum would not exist were it not for the dedication and unselfish energy of those volunteers who served on the Authoring Team. A sincere thanks is extended to the following: Cluck Ackland LJ. LeBlanc Tim Dean David Lewis Tim Ely John Lupacchino Ronnie Gulino Scott Mitchell Justin Johnson Todd Moody Robert Kolb John Mueller Dan Lamphear Mike Powers NCCER Partners American Couneil for Construction Education ‘American Fire Sprinkler Association Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc. Associated General Contractors of America Association for Career and Technical Education “Association for Skilled and Technical Sciences Construction Industry Institute Construction Users Roundtable Design Build Institute of America GSSC ~ Gulf States Shipbuilders Consortium ISN Manufacturing Institute Mason Contractors Association of America Merit Contractors Association of Canada NACE International National Association of Women in Construction. National Insulation Association National Technical Honor Society National Utility Contractors Association NAWIC Education Foundation Nozth American Crane Bureaus North American Technician Excellence Pearson Raymond Saldivar Greg Schuman Joshua Simpson ‘Wayne Stratton Marcel Veronneau Prov SkillsUSA Steel Erectors Association of America US. Army Corps of Engineers University of Florida, M. E. Rinker Sr,, School of Construction Management Women Construction Owners & Executives, USA NCCER Business Partners— Contents Load Calculations - Branch and Feeder Circuits Explains how to calculate branch circuit and feeder laads for various residential and commer- cial applications, (Module ID 26301-17, 75 Hours) Conductor Selection and Calculations Covers the various factors involved in conductor selection, including insulation types, current- carrying capacity, temperature ratings, and volt- age drap. (Module ID) 26302-1715 Hous) al Applications of Lighting Covers specific types of incandescent, fhuorescent, and HID lamps, 38 well as ballast, troubleshoot ing, and various types of lighting controls. (Mod- ule ID 26303-17, 12.5 Hours) Module Four Hazardous Locations Covers the NEC* requirements for equipment installed in various hazardous locations. (Module 1D 26304-17515 Hours) Module Five Overcurrent Protection Explains how to size and select circuit breakers and fuses for Various applications. Also covers short circuit calewlations and troubleshooting, (Module ID 26305-17, 25 Hours) Module Six Distribution Equipment Discusses switchboards and switchgear, includ- ing installation, grounding, and maintenance requirements, This module also includes electrical drawings of distribution equipment. (Module ID 26306-17; 12.5 Hours) Module Seven Transformers Discusses transformer types, construction, con- nections, protection, and grounding. (Module ID 2630717; 12.5 Hours) Module Eight Commercial Elect Services Covers the components, installation consider- ations, and NEC requirements for various com- ‘mercial services. (Module ID 26308-17; 10 Hours)Module Nine Motor Calculations Covers calculations required to size conductors and overcurrent protection for motor applications. (Module ID 26309-17; 12.5 Hours) Module Ten Voice, Data, and Video Covers installation, termination, and testing of various voice, data, and video cabling systems. (Module TD 26310-17; 10 Hours) Module Eleven Motor Controls Provides information on selecting, sizing, and installing motor controllers. Also covers control circuit pilot devices and basic relay logic. (Module 1D 2631117; 125 Hours) Glossary Index ELECTRICAL LEVEL THREE 2es1117 ‘Motor Controls 2631017 Voice, Data, and Video 25309-17 Motor Galeulations 25908-17 Hazardous Locations 2630317 Practical Applications of Lighting 72630217 Conductor Selection ‘and Caleulations 725301.17 Lond Calculations ~ Branch and Focdr Circults “his course nap shows ll of the modules in Eoseoo) Lov! Tove’ Tha suggested tring ‘rderbecne atta tan and pracees Up. Stl ovale ereas a6 you aévance on to course trap. The losl Traiang Program Spores may ‘Suerte tang oderModule OneTainees wih succsul module completions may be ge for caeenbaling trough the NCCER Regs To earn ‘nore goo MMWR or contac uxt LABS GEL. Our uct as tami eat product eae [ind wating wel as onflnevasione of our Conan moans nd Parts pod tay, esis to infoDnecerarg oil nthe Lae Upton ie Sache thn ace Thus iniormstion srl inratre arene or anng purposes ony: Acts perfomance of cts de- shes fs mara ele components a spike erst, see mastranc russes pres ‘ond craton aus in prs Tosrece the malo fated oe propa Skee nt on Gopynight O07 by NCCER, Anchun, FL 32615, and published by Fetson Education, ne, New York, NY 10019, AN Tigh eer, fc prebbtct pro sig nw ice ore terete ttc by my omen cece, mec pee “Spying reversing kewse Toots permisson o a materi from tis werk: Peer sb a wren eget Wo NCCER Prt ‘DMelogmen, el ogress sd, lhe PLB e From Secs! LovelhesTrings Gute, Ninh Eton NCCER ooreah© 207 by NCGER, Prone Peron Eavaton Al AM erePi< ih ed Loap Catcutations - BRANCH AND Feeper Circuits Objectives When you have completed this module, you will be able to do the following: 1, Calculate branch circuit loads. a. Caleulate branch circuit ra b. Apply derating factors. €. Caleulate branch circuit ampacity 2. Identify residential branch circuit requirements. a. Calculate lighting loads. ». Calculate receptacle loads. «Calculate small appliance loads. Calculate laundry circuit loads. «2. Calculate cooking appliance loads. f. Calculate water heater loads. Calculate electric heating loads. hh Calculate airconditioning loads. 3. Calculate commercial loads. a. Caleulate the loads on multi-outlet assemblies. >. Calculate shee winder loads Calculate sign loads. Calculate loads for heavy-duty lamp holder outlets. €. Calculate commercial kitchen equipment loads f, Calculate motor loads. Calculate welder loads. BS Performance Tasks This is a knowledge-based module. There are no Performance Tasks. Trade Terms r r Industry Recognized Credential If you are training through an NCCER-accredited sponsor, you may be eligible for credentials from NCCER's Registry. The ID number for this module is 26301-17. Note that this module may have been used in other NCCER curricula and may apply to other level completions. Contact NCCER’s Registry at ‘888.622.3720 or go to wwwanceekorg for more information. Note NFPA 70®, Natoma! Eleetrica! Code® anc NEC® are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protectlon Association, Quincy, MAContents 100 Branch Circuit Loads. 1.1.0 Braneh Circuit Ratings. 120 Derating Factors. 12.1 Temperature Derating 122. Voltage Orop Derating for Single-Phase Cir 1.23. Voltage Drop Derating forThree-Phase Circuit. 1.3.0 Branch Circult Ampacity. 2.0.0 Residential Branch Circuit Requirements, 24.0 Lighting Loads 24.1 Recessed Lighting Loads, 220. Receptacle Loads. 2.3.0 Small Appliance Loads. 24.0 Laundry Circuit Loads. 25.0 Cooking Applisnce Loads... 2.6.0 Woter Heater Loads. 27.0 Electric Heating Loads. 2.8.0 Al Conditioning Loads. 30.0 Commercial Loads ers. 3:10 Loads on Mult-Outlet Assomblies. 32.0 Show Window Loads.. 33.0 Sign Loads... 3.40 Loads for Heavy-Duty Lemp Holder Outlets 35.0 Commercial Kitchen Equipment Loads.. 36.0 Motor Loads. 37.0 Welder Load: BOER CaGn EE Bone ee Ree Figures Figure 1 Calculating a load center length and total load for multiple fixed loads on a circuit. Figure 2 Welding machines,1.0.0 BRANCH Circurt Loaps Objective Caleulate branch ciccuit loads ‘a. Calculate branch circuit ratings. B. Apply derating factors ©. Caleulate branch circuit ampacity ‘Trade Terms Ampacity: The maximum current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its t= ‘perature rating, Branch elrcult: The lrcuit conductors between the final overcurrent device protecting the citeuit and the outlets) Continuous loed: A load where the maximum ‘current is expected to continue for three hours Device: A unit of an electrical system, other than a conductor, that carries or controls electric en- ‘ergy a8 88 principal function. Individual branch circuit: A branch circuit that ‘supplies only one piece of utilization equipment. Outlet: A point on the wiring system at which ‘current i taken to supply utilization equipment. Overcurrent: Any current in excess of the rated ‘current of equipment or the ampacity of a con- ‘ductor. It may result from overload, short circuit, fr ground fault Receptacle: A contact device installed at an out- Jet for connection as 4 single contact device. A single receptacle iva single contact device with ‘no other contact device onthe same yoke. A mul- pl receptacle a single devi conning to (duplex) or more receptacles. Receptacle outlet: An outlet where one or more receptacles are installed. Usilization equipment: Equipment that utilizes lectric energy for electronic, chemical, heating, lighting, clectromechanical, or similar perposes he purpose of Briel eiFEit Iond ealcula- tions is t0 determine the size of branch sreuit Overcurrent protection and brancls circuit conductors using National Elecinicl Code” (NEC*) requirements. When the branch circuit load is accurately calculated, branch circuit com- ponents can be sized to serve the load safely. @] 21 Lond Cotcviations = Branch and Feeder Circuits Branch circuits supply ulilization equipment. Utilization equipment is defined by the NEC® as equipment that utilizes electric energy. NEC Article 210 covers branch circuits (except for branch circuits that supply only moter loads). NEC Section 210.3 provides a listing af other code articles for specific purpose branch circuits. Per NEC Section 210.18, branch circuits are rated by the maximum rating or setting of the overcur- rent device Except for circuits serving individual utilization equipment (dedicated circuits), branch circuits shall be rated 15A, 20A, 30A, 404, and 50A. Branch circuits designed to Serve individual loads can supply any size load with no restrie- tions to the ampere rating of the circuit Per NEC Section 210.19(A)(1), branch circuit conductors are required to be sized with an am: ppacity rating that is no less than the maximum load to be served. Branch citcuit overcurrent protection is required to have a rating or set ting not exceeding the rating specified in NEC Section 2404 for conductors, NEC Section 240.3 for equipment, and NEC Section 210.21 for Outlet jevices including lamp holder and receptacle de- ces. NEC Article 430 applies to branch circuits supplying only motor loads and NEC Article 440 applies to branch circuits supplying only air con- ditioning equipment, refrigerating equipment, or both. Branch circuit conductors must have an ampac- rating equal to, or greater than, the noncon- tinuous load plus 125% of the continuous lond before the application of any adjustment or correc: tion factors per NEC Section 240.19(A) aud (B). To find 128% ofa load, multiply itby 1.25. For example, 125% of 2 144 load is 175A, since 14125 = 1758, Finding a percentage of lood involves 3% Because this percentage exceeds the 3% allow- able voltage drop, the answer to the question is yes, and larger conductors would be required for this circuit. Note that this solution uses the first formula for single-phase (10) voltage drop. Exannple 2: tinuous branch circuit load of 234, 240V, 10? The length of the circuit is 130. Soltion: Use the second voltage drop formulla to de- termine the voltage drop for this branch eireuit. Because No. 10 copper would be the smallest size permitted for a branch circuit load of 234, this size will be evaluated first. Look up the area in CM for No. 10 solid conductor in NEC Chapter 9, Table 8. Once you have found the volt- age drop using the formuila, divide it by the total branch circuit voltage to find the percentage, as follows: vo -2XEXKX! cM 2x 190" x 12.9 x 238 D: 10,380, vp =7.43V Divide by 120V to find percentage 7.43V + 240V ~ 0.031 0.031 x 100 = 3.10% 3.10% > 3% “This percentage exceeds 3%; therefore, No. 10 THHN Copper conductors would not meet NECE recommendations and the next larger size would be required, which in this case is No. 8 THN. {quicker way to find the minimum conductor sire forthe situation deseribed inthis example is toruse the follwing formu = 2x LxKXI eM VD NCCER - Electrical LevelTiee asso117Using this with the values from Example 2: om = 21801 12.9 x 234 240V x 0.08 71.142 cu 72 cm = 10,714 ‘This is the minimum size conductor that i ac- ceptable. Using NEC Chapter 9, Table 8, the Gr cular milarea of No. 10s 10,380CM. Because that is less than 107H1CM, a No.8 that has an area of 16510CM must be used Example 3: Which size THHN copper conductors would be recommended for a 240, single-phase. three- wire branch circuit with multiple power outlets consisting of thrve fixed 240V loads of 30A at 60, SOA a8 80" and 204 at 1007 Solon Determine the load center length of the by first multiplying the outlet loads by their di tance from the eizeuit source. Then, find the sum of the three results, and divide it by the sum of the three loads: Qutlot 1 = 60" x 30A = 1,800 Outlet 2 = 80" x 30A = 2,400 Outlet 3 = 100' x 20A = 2,000 Sum the products: 1,800 + 2,400 + 2,000 = 6,200 Divide by the sum of the loads: Sum of loads ‘30A + 30A + 20A ~ 80A 6,200 + 80A = 77.5' for the load center For a load of 80A [per NEC Table 310.15(8) (16)], No.4 copper THWN/THHN conductors at 75°C (167°F) will be selected. Use the second for: mula and substitute values to check voltage drop. In this example, all terminals are rated for 75 167"). 2XLxKxI vor cM _ 2x 715" 12.9 x 800 vo 41740 vo = 3.8v Because the permissible voltage drop is 240V 3% or 72N, the No. 4 THWN/THHN conductors @] 21 Lond Cotcviations = Branch and Feeder Circuits 1.2.3 Voltage Drop Derating for Three-Phase Cireuits ‘The voltage drop for balanced three-phase ir cuits with negligible reactance and a power fa tor of) can be calculated sing the fw formulas shove by substituting V3 (1759) forthe value of 2 inthe formulas: Formule vo -MEXLXBx! 7,000 Formale 2 Ei mct Vaxtxkx vo = ¥ExLx Example What is the voltage drop of a 208V, 30 branch circuit with a load of 32A, a distance from the circuit breaker to the lead of 115, and using No. 8 stranded copper conductors? vo = MSxLXRxI 7,000 1.732 x 115" x 0.778 x 324 we 1,000 Vo = 496v Sotto Use the first three-phase voltage drop formula to determine voltage drop for this 30 circuit. Look up the resistance for No. 8 stranded copper conductor in NEC Chapter 9, Table 8. tis 07780. The maximum voltage drop permitted for a 208V circuit is: 208V x 0.03 = 624V Because, in this problem, 496V is less than the maximum allowable voltage drop, this circuit will not have a voltage deop problem. Example 2: Which size THHN copper conductors would be recammencled for a 208V, 30, four wire feeder with a length of 150° from the source to a fixed continuous load of 160A? Solution: Determine the minimum ampacity required by multiplying 160 by 125% to ebtain 200A. Using NEC Table 310.15(B)(16), determine that 3/0 THHN copper conductors at 75°C (16°F) are satisfactory for the load of 200A. To determine whether the 3/0 conductors are adequately sized to prevent unacceptable vollage drop, use the second three-phase voltage drop formula and Module One 7substitute values, Note that the current used will be 160A and snot the computed value of 200A, ‘which is used only to size branch circuit or feeder conductor sizes and minimum overcurrent pro- lective device sizes. _VExLX KH vo cM 1.792 % 10» 12.8 1608 167,800 VD = 3.2V (rounded) Because the maximum recommended voltage drop i 208 9003 oF 24) the 370 conductors are satisfactory. vo = 13.0 Branch Circuit Ampacity The branch circuit ampacity for single-phase ci- cuits is calculated by dividing VA by the cicutt Voltage. For example, the ampacity of a 120V, 10 load rated at 000VA is determined by divicing TADIVA by 120, 1,600VA = 120V = 13.53 ‘The ampacity of a 3450VA load at 277V, 10 is 1a, ANOVA ~ 277 — 12.408 The branch circuit ampacity for theee-phase circuits i caleulated by dividing VA by the circuit Voltage times V3 (L730, For example, the ampac: lty (ofa 208V,theee-phase load rated a 5 200VA tsidetermined as follows va. Vxv3 1 = =-S200va = WORV «1.782 T= 14.430 Using the same equation, the ampacity of a ,0001VA three-phase load at 480V is: 14,000VA BOV x 1.732 | — 1a.goova 831.36V, I= 16840 Example What is the ampacity of a single-phase load with a nameplate rating of 5 SKW, 240V? Solution: Multiply S5KW by 1,000 to determine VA ‘oltamperes}, and then divide the result I B.SKW x 1,000 = 5,500VA 5,500VA = 240V = 22.920 ‘The ampacity ofthis load is 292A. Example 2, What is the ampacity of a three-phase electric water heater with a nameplate rating of 20KW, 208v? Solutio: Multiply 20kW by 1,0), and divide the result by @0sv x 1732) ‘20kW > 1,000 = 20,000W 20,000WV ~ {208V x 1.732) = 58.524 ‘The ampacity ofthis load is 55.524, NCCER = tetra everTovee asso@] 220 Load Calculations Branch and Feeder Circuits Module One 9Seems here are a number of branch circuits that are required for dwelling units. The NEC® lists the requirements {OF thuse creults includ: ing the requiemenis for calculating branch cir tut loads for speciic dwelling unit (residential) Tongs These loads, which are unique to Sweling ‘units, will be covered here. 2.1.0 Lighting Loads Lighting load branch eit auton are boned upon the type of ighting facandescent or electric inchangd the bch crea voll, aud {whether or not the lighting so be used for more than three hours without an off period (entins uses) 10 Branch circuit loads for incandescent lighting are determined by adding the total incandescent load (for a purely resistive load such as incandes- cent lighting, watts = VA) and dividing the total by the circuit voltage. For example, Utree 500W quartz lamps connected on a I20V circuit would bbe calculated as follows Combine the loads (since bere are tee qual loads of 500VA, multiply SOOVA by 3): 3.x SOOVA = 1,500VA, Divide the result by the circuit voltage: 41,S00VA ~ 120V = 12.58 Branch circuit loads for electric discharge and LED lighting (ighting units having ballasts, transformers, autotransformers, or LED drivers) are determined by multiplying the number of fixtures times the ampacity rating; of the ballast, assuming that all of the ballasts are identical. Pet NEC Section 220.18(B), the calculated load shall bebased upon the total ampere rating ofthe light- ing units and not the total watts of the lamps. For example, if fifteen 150W, high-pressure sodium fixtures connected on a 277V circuit each have a ballast amperage of 0.79, the total load is 1.854, ar shown tn the following equation: 15x 0.79A = 11.854 Example Incandescent ighing uring 107 medium base lamps is required for temporary lighting on @ construction site. This lighting will remain on all day and all night. How many 150W lamps can bbe connected on a 204, 120 circuit? Solution: Because the lighting will remain on for longer than three hours, this is a continuous load. For continuous duty, find 125% of 150W (voltam- peres) by multiplying by 125: 1.25 x 150VA = 187.5VA Now, determine the total capacity (in VA) for the 20A circuit 208 x 120V ~ 2.400VA Divide the circuit ampacity by the lamp de- ‘mand lead: 2,400VA = 187.5VA = 12.8 lamps “Twelve 150W lamps may be safely connected to 220A, 120V circuit. Exanple 2: ‘Two 400W metal halide high-bay fixtures are required to provide additional lighting for a pro- duction machine. There is an existing 204, 277V lighting circuit available near the equipment and, NCGER Becton aater investigation, it i determined thatthe ci uit has six of the same type of fixtures con- nected. The nomeplate ampere rating for these Fintures is 204 at 277V. During normal operation, the fixtures are turned on for 12 hours every day Can two 4000 fixtures be saely addled to the exc fsting cieuit?) Soliton ‘This fs continuous lighting load, Per NEC® requirements find 80% of the ofthe circuit ame Drage tating to determine the maximum con- Fintaows Toad that may'be connected 80% of 20 = 20a 0.8 = 168 Now, determine the load forall eight Fixtures (six existing, and two new fixtures), Since all of these fixtures are of the same time (and have an. Amperage rating of 208 at 2770), multiply their Smperage by the number of fixtures to Find the ion 8 fixtures x 2.08 = 16 You already determined that 164 is the maxt- ‘mum continuous load that may be connected (per NEC® requirements). Since the total load with the two new fixtures is IGA, they may safely be aided to thi eee 2.1.1 Recessed Lighting Loads The load for recessed lighting fixtures (exc Ing the residential general lighting lond that Calculated at 3VA per square foo) i calculated pet NEC Seetion 280/12 The load caleation can Sho bs done sng the maximum VA aig of the equipment ixtur) and lamps. For example, & Tond of IVA would be used to calculate the load fora recessed incandescent fixture rated at 25. To alent the load fra evened Fstre that ses compact fluorescent lamp you ned fo know the vollage and ampaciy ratio the fluo: rescent alist Example 1 Wht i the lod in amps for seven inca cent rcensed cas that havea nameplate ini {tga maximum lamp sizeof ISDN, and the f ffs are tobe connected fo IAW eet? Salut: Multiply the mumber of fistures by the VA rat ing each fixture to obtain the total VA load 7 x 150VA (watts) = 1,050VA Te determine ampacity, divide the total VA rat ing bythe creat valtage 1,050VA + 120V = 875A @] 21 Lond Cotcviations = Branch and Feeder Circuits Example 2: What is the total load in amps for 7 fluorescent recessed fixtures operating, continuously? Each fixture has a ballast ampacity of 0.20A at 277V, and each fixture takes two compact fluorescent amps rated at 26 watts each, Solution: Because these fixtures are of the electric dis charge type, multiply the ampacity of the ballast by the number of ballasts. Then, because this is a continuous load, find 125% of the result to caleu: late the total ampacit 7 0.208 = 148 125% of L4A = AAA x 1.25 = 1.750 2.2.0 Receptacle Loads When the exact VA rating of a load that is to be cord- and plug-connected to a receptacle outlet ie ot known, VA tating of not less Usa 60VA per outlet is tised per NEC Section 220.14(D. For roncontinuous receptacle loads; the total noncon tinuous load is calculated at 100%. For continu- ous loads, the total, continuous load is calculated SU 125%. This NEC® reference doce not apply to residential receptacles. Residential receptacles are included in the general illumination load (General-purpose branch circuits) or in specific residential laads such as receptacles required for small appliance and laundry loads. For example, a 154, 120V circuit is to be added to supply general-purpose receptacles. The recepta- cles are to be located above workbenches that are to be positioned against a wall. The owner states that the workers using the benches will plug small tools into the outlets, but the tools will be ‘eccasionally used only for short periods of time. For example, how many general-purpose du: plex recoptates cat be connected tora 164, 12D Circuit when the outlets are to be sated for non- continuous duty? Per NEC Section 220.144), each receptacle is assigned a value of I80VA. The capacity of a 15A, 120V circuit is LRIVA, as shown by the follow ing equation: 18A x 120V ~ 1,800VA ‘The total circuit capacity is then divided by the rating per receptacle to determine the total num ber of receptacles that may be connected: 1,800VA + 180VA = 10 receptacles Module One 11If the load is to operate continuously, we must find. 125% of the receptacle load to determine the rating: 1BOVA x 1.25 = 225VA ‘The total circuit capacity is then divided by the rating per receptacle to determine the total mim ber of receptacles that may be connected. 1,800VA + 225VA = 8 receptacles 2.3.0 Small Appliance Loads NEC Sections 210.11(CX0 and 210,520) requite atleast two 20, Sal plane amok cus br maakt cae tee the kitchen, pantry breaks room, ar qoom NEC bectioa 250 52) sequlees that BS Feeder load be computed at 1,500VA for each re- {ire small applance branch cleat No smal Spllane bran eruitnay serve more an one hen 2 For example, what is the total feeder load for two small appliance branch circuits rated at 204, rv? To determine this, multiply the number of small appliance branch circuits by 1,500VA to de- termine the total load, as follows: 2 circuits x 1,500VA = 3,000VA 2.4.0 Laundry Circuit Loads NEC Sections 210.11(C)(2) and 210.52(F) re- quire the installation of at least one receptacle to supply laundry equipment. NEC Section 220.52(Byrequites that the feeder load be com- puted at 1,500VA foreach laundry circuit AAs specified in NEC Section 220.54, the load for household electric dryers must be calculated at either 3,000VA or the nameplate rating of the dryer—whichever is larger. NEC Table 220.54 lists demanid factors for deyers. Note that this table applies to residential dryers used in single- family divelling units or in multi-family dwelling units. The demand factors listed do not apply to commercial dryers used in commercial facilities. Example t ‘What fs the demand load for one household electric dryer with a nameplate rating, of 5,500 watts? Solution: Per NEC Table 220.54, the demand factor for one dryer is 100% Therefore, the load would be calculated as 5500VA Example 2 ‘A new apartment building is planned. It eon- sists of 10 dwelling units, Each unit has an elec- tric dryer with a nameplate rating of 5500 watts There will be one utility transformer and one service entrance serving the building. What is the demand load, in VA, for these ten dryers? Solution: Per NEC Table 220.54, the demand factor for 10 dryers is 50%, Find the total VA for the 10 dryers, and find 50% ofthe result: 10 dryers x 5,500W each = 66,000VA ‘50% of 55,000VA 56,000VA x 0.5 7.500VA NCCER = tectricaleverTivee assay2.5.0 Cooking Appliance Loads Loads for anges, wallmounted ovens, counter- mounted cooking units, and other household Cooking appliances are calculated using the de- ‘mand factors Usted in NEC Table 220.58 and the fotes to NEC Tuble 220.35. The most important Engle piece of information required to size the Cireuit for residential cooking equipment is the nameplate rating of the equipment Although NEC Table 220.55 lists loads in KW, NEC Section 220.55 states that kVA shall be considered equiva lent to LW for loads calculated using NEC Table 2205 Demand factors are calculated using NEC Table 220.55 based upon the number of appi- ances, the maximum semand listed in Colma Cand a demand factor percentage that is found using Columns A and B Column CIs used when the nameplate ring is over SAW but not ver T2KW. Column C fs alo used to calculate larger range loads per Notes rand > Column Ais used tihen the nameplate rating is less than 3YKW. Collum B is used when tke nameplate rating is from 5/kW to # AW. Note 3 provides a method to calewlate the demand for maltple ranges, each Gf oshich has a nameplate rating of more than TW but lew thant SQW. Note 4 provides method to determine the size for a sgle branch Circuit supplying one counter mounted unit and no more than tho wall-mounted ovens, provided. the equipments located in the same room vamp What isthe demand load for one range with a nameplate rating uf 1.3K? Solution Because the nameplate rating is greater than '8(KW and not over 12kW, Column Cis used. The demand rating for one range, not over 12KW, fs listed as kW Example 2 What is the demand load, in amps, for one range with a nameplate tating of IS7KW, 12, 2? Suton: Because the nameplate rating exceeds 121, NEC Table 20.55, Note Tis ned. Subtract EW from the nameplate rating of the range to deter- rine the nimber of kW exceeding 12 15.7kW — 12kW = 3.7KW (round to 4kW) Because 0.7 is a major fraction (203), the result is rounded to 4kW. Multiply 5% by 4 to obiain the demand increase percentage: KW >< 5% ~ 20% @] 21 Lond Cotcuiations = Branch and Feeder Circuits emaereuneammal Think About It One Cooktop and One Oven ‘Which note under NEC Table 220.55 rofors to this instalation? The maximum demand listed in Column C for cone range (SKW) is then multiplied by L2 to deter- mine the demand load for this range (this is 120% (of SkW)s 120% of BKW KW x 1.2 = 9.6KW To determine the ampacity of this load, first convert to VA (watts) by multiplying by 1,000, since IKW is equal to 1000W. Then, divide the result by the circuit voltage to find the demand Toad: 9.6kW x 1,000 ~ 9,600VA 8,600VA = 240V = 404 Example 3 One wall-mounted oven and one counter ‘mounted. cooking unit are to be installed in the kitchen. To reduce the cast of the electrical instal- Iation, both pieces of cooking equipment are to be connected to the same 240V, 10 circuit. The coven has a nameplate rating of 125KW and the counter-mounted unit has a nameplate rating of 8.0kW. What is the demand load, in amps, for a single circuit to supply this cooking equipment? Solution NEC Table 220.55, Note 4 may be used for this caleulation. First, obtain the total load by adding the nameplate ratings of the individual pieces of cooking equipment 12.5KW + 8.OKW = 20.5kW Module One 13‘The equivalent of one range is 205KIN, Using NEC Table 220.55, Note 1, subtract 12KW from 205KW to determine the number of KW exceed ing 22 20,5kW ~ 12kW = 8.5kW (round to $kW) Because 0.5 is a major fraction, the result is rounded to 9kW. Multiply this by 5%: SkW % 0.05 = 0.45 Now, find 15% of the maximum demand in Column C for one range (KW) to determine the demand load: 145% of SRW = BKW % 1.45 ~ 11.6 Divide total VA by circuit voltage to determine branch circuit ampacty 11,600VA = 240V = 48.338 Example 4 Using the resulting ampacity for the branch circuit in the previous example, what isthe mini- num size conductor that may be wsed for this branch circuit, and which size circuit breaker is required? Salton: ‘According to NEC Section 110.24(CX(), branch circuit of 1A or les must be terminated using the 60°C (40°F) column of NEC Tabre 310.15(8) (6). Therefore, select a No. 6 copper conductor rated at S54. A 50A circuit breaker would protect this circuit, 2.6.0 Water Heater Loads A Specie in NEC Section 42.1, fined storage ‘water heaters having a storage c 120 gal- Tons oles shall have the Branch circuit ated at no less than 125% of the nameplate rating, of the eter eater because itis conskered a continaous lox For example, what are the minimum size cuit breaker and branch circuit conductors using Type NM cable fora water eater with a name- plate rating of 3000VA at 240V? Divide total VA by voltage to determine am- pacity; then find 125% of the result 8,000VA = 240V = 37.58 126% of 37.54 = 37.5A x 1.25 ~ 46.880 Per the 60°C (140°F) column of NEC Table 510.15(BX6), a No. 6 copper conductor for NM cable is rated at SSA. The circuit breaker size would be SUA. 2.70 Electric Heating Loads NEC Article 424covers fhxed electric space heat- ing equipment, including heating cable, unit heat er, boilers, central systems, or other approved heating equipment. This article does not apply to process heating or room air conditioning, Per NEC Section 424.3(4), branch circuits are permit- tea to supply any size fixed electrical space heat= ing equipment. IF two oF more outlets for heating equipment are supplied, the branch circuit size shall be rated not over 30 amps. In non-dwelling tunis, fixed infrared heating, cqssipment shall be permitted to be supplied from branch circuits fated not over 50A. When space heating equip tment utilizes electric resistarice heating elements, protection for the resistance elements shall not Exceed 60A.per NEC Section 424.22(B). If the equipment is rated at more than 48A, the heat- ing elements must be subdivided and each subdi- vided load must not exceed 484. 4 NCGER Becton aSU Outdoor Loads outdoor vices for parking late may be designed to eupnly both th iting circuits and branch creuits or other loads. This hotel parking loin Alaska provides recoptaviet for ungine block heaters. For space heating equipment consisting of resisiance heating elements with or without a blower motor, the ampacity ofthe branch circuit shall be considered continuous per NEC Section 424 3/8) and theretore calculated atmo less then 125% ofthe total load, igure Credit: Mike Poisers Exumpte 1: What is the minimum conductor ampacity for the following baseboard electric heaters rated 2IOV, 12: one’ 1,500W unit, one 1,000W unit, and two 500W units? Solution First, determine the total connected load by adding the load of each baseboard unit. Then divide the total load in VA by the cizcuit voltage: 1,500W + 1,000W + 500W + 500W = 3,500W 3,500W = 3,500VA 3,500VA = 240V ~ 14.58 Next, find 125% of the load to determine the minimum conductor ampacity. 128% of 14.58 = 14.58A x 1.25 = 18.23 Example 2: Which size NM conductors and circuit breaker ‘would be required to supply the load for the pre vious question? Solution Per the 60°C (140°F) column of NEC Table 310.15(B)(16), a No. 12 capper conductor for Type NM cable is rated at 20A. The load, 18.234, would require a20A circuit breaker. Example 3 What is the minimum conductor ampacity for an electric forced-air furnace with heating ele- ‘ments totaling 25kW and a blower motor with a nameplate ful-load current {ampacity) of 49A? The resistance heat and the motor are rated at 240V, 10 Solution: Divide the total of the resistance heat (in VA) by the circuit voltage to determine the ampac ty for the resistance heat. Add this to the motor current, and find 125% of the result to determine total circuit ampacity: Resistance heat ampacity = 25,000VA ~ 240V = 104.174 Total circuit ampacity = Resistance heat ampacity + motor ampacity = 104.17 = 4.94 = 109.074 125% of 109.074, 108.074 x 1.25 = 136.344 Note that, because this equipment is rated at more than 48A, the heating elements must be subdivided—and each subdivided load cannot exceed 484, Module One 15 @] 21 Lond Cotcuiations = Branch and Feeder Circuits2.8.0 Air Conditioning Loads Branch circuit conductors supplying a single mo- tor compressor are rated at least 125% of the air conditioning compressor full-load current or the branch circuit selection current, whichever is eeater, per NEC Section 440,32, Branch circuit Selection current is determined by the equipment ‘manufacturer, and this current is requited to be ‘greater than or equal to the compressor fullload Current. If the branch circuit selection current is higher, its rating shall be used instead of the compressor fullload current. Per NEC Section 440,22(A), overcurrent protection devices shall not exceed 175% of the compressor full-load eur- rent or the branch circuit selection current. If this breaker is not sufficient to hold the starting cur- rent of the motor, the rating is permitted to be increased but cannot exceed 225% of the motor- zated load current or the branch circuit selection current, whichever is greater. Example ‘Which size copper conductors are required for a branch circuit supplying an air conditioner with a nameplate rating of 454, 480V, 307 Solution: Find 125% of the nameplate ampacity (multiply itby 1.25), and use the result to select the proper conductor size from NEC Table 310.15(B)(6): ABA x 1.25 = 56.250 NEC Table 310.15(B)16) gives an ampacity of JOA for No. 4 copper. Use the 60°C (40°F) col- umn—see NEC Section 110.14(C). Therefore, the conductor size would be No. 4 copper. Example 2: Which size Type NM cable and circuit breaker would be required to supply an air conditioner tha namoplaterating F164. V1 Soltion: Maltiply the nameplate ampacity by 1.25, and use the result to select the proper conductor 18 size from the 60°C (40°F) column of NEC Table S10.15(B N16): 1GA x 1.25 = 20 The 60°C (40°F) column gives a rating of 208 for No. 12 copper conductors. Calculate 175% of the ampacity (multiply by 1.75) to determine the cireuit breaker size: 1GA x 1.75 ~ 284 Because NEC Section 440.22(A) states that the rating of the overcurrent device cannot exceed 175%, a 25A circuit breaker would be required NCCER = tectricaleverTivee assayAdditional Resources National Eleerical Code Handbook, Latest Edition. Quincy, MA: Nationa Fite Protection Association, 2.0.0 Section Review |, Whatis the cacwlated lond, in amps, fora 120 ‘ircut supplying 8 recessed fluorescent fixtures ‘operating continuously? (Each fluorescent bal- last is rated atO5A) a 054, b 2A ce aA dBA 2. What is the maximum number of continuoes “duty duplex receptacles that ean be connected toa 20A, 120V circuit ina commercial building? receptacles b. M receptacles © receptacles d. 1Sreceptacles 3, What is the total load, in VA, for 4 small ap- pliance branch circuits ina single-family dwelling? ‘@ LS00VA, b. 300VA, © 400VA d. 6000VA 4. What is the demand load for one household ‘dryer with a nameplate rating of 4.75kW? a. 2,375VA, b. 3800VA, © 4750VA d. 5000VA What is the demand! load, in amps, for a small two burner electric range with a nameplate rat- ing of 7KW, 10, 240V? a 233A b 201A 456A 4. 508A “What isthe ampacty of « water heater with a nameplate rating of S400VA at 240? a 5A, b ABA © RSA 4. 708, What is the minimum conductor ampacity for four 1.200W, 240V, 10 clectnc baseboard heaters? a, 208, ba © BA dA What size copper branch circuit conductors are requited to supply an air conditioning unit ‘with a nameplate rating of 8A, 240V, 907 No. 10 Nos Nob No.4 Module One 17 @] 21 Lond Cotcviations = Branch and Feeder CircuitsSe aL jommercial buildings have special branch circuit loads that have different NEC® re- frements than those for dwelling units ‘Some of these include multi-outlet assemblies, ‘such as those used! in office buildings; show win: dow loads; sign loads; and commercial kitehen equipment loads. 3.1.0 Loads on Multi-Outlet Assemblies A ilultisoutletassembly is defined by NEC Ar- file 10 ae type of ura fas, o renand ing racoway designed to hold conductors and receptacles, a in the field or atthe fac- tory. Multicoutlet assemblies may consist of single cutlets wired to one or more circuits and typically spaced equally apart at distances of 6” (15) mm). 12° (300 mm), 18" (450 mm), ete. The NEC® rules {or caleulating loads for multi-outlet assemblies ddo not apply to dwelling units Per NEC Section 220.14(H), cach 5 (15 m) of multFoutlet assembly is considered as one out- let of at least ISOVA capacity. In locations where many appliances are likely tobe used at one time, 8 each 1 200 ma) of multicoutlet assembly is con- Slered as one oullt of a least ISOVA capaci. Example I A total of 40) of Plugmold® includes one single receptacle per foot of the assembly. The multi outlet assembly is to be connected to a single V2OV Grcuit. What is the minimum size 120V cireuit that would safely supply this light-luty slti-outlet assembly? ‘Solution: Because this is a lightsluty application, the load is to be calculated at 180VA per 5° of multi- onitlet assembly. Divide 40° of multioutlet a sembly by 5 and mullpiy the result by IROVA to obtain the total VA load. Divide the total VA load by 120V to determine the circuit ampacity and minimum cireuit size. This is illustrated in the following equations 40+ 5'=8 8 x 180VA = 1,440VA 1,A40VA + 120V = 124 ‘The minimum 120V circuit size would bea 15A circuit. Example 2 ‘The conditions listed for the previous example have-changed, and it i nocescary to food this Pagmold® rth three circuits. The reason forthe change is that now more workers are using equip- ment plugged into the assembly. This change means that the assembly will now be rated 10 supply several loads simultaneously. How ma SUR Lav ‘create told be sequlied ty Sey Supply this heavy-duty multroutet assembly? Solution Because this is a heavy-duty application, the load is tobe calculated at ISOVA per foot of mule citlet assembly: First, determine the VA capacity for a20A, 120V circuit using multiplication: 20A x 120V = 2,400VA Multiply 40” of multi-cutlet assembly by 1S0VA , to bua te total VA loa: 40° < 18OVA = 7,200VA (total VA) Divide the total VA by 2400VA QOA circuit capacity) to determine the number of circuits 7.200VA * 2,400VA = 3 circuit Thrce 20A, 120V circuits would be required to supply this assembly. NCGER Becton a3.2.0 Show Window Loads “TW NEC® eastronnea eres arean or TRqUICCRONE with regard to show window lighting: receptacle requirements, branch circuit load calculations, andl feeder or Service load calculations. NEC Section 210.62 requires that at least one 125V single-phase, I5A or 20A receptacle outlet be installed within 18° (480 mm) ofthe top of a show windaw for each 12fnea feet 87 m) of window, ‘or major fraction thereo NEC Section 220.14G) provides two options for calculating branch circuit loads for show win- dow lighting: either using the computed recep- tacle load of IBOVA per receptacle, or computing the load at 200VA per linear foot (00 mm) of show window. NEC Section 220.43 addresses the computed load of show windows when calculating feeder or service loads and requires that the total load be ‘aleulated at not less than 200VA for each linear Toot of show window. Example 1 According to NEC Section 210.62, how many receptacles Would be required for 3 show win dow area that measures 67" in length? Soltion: Divide the length of show window by 12 to de- termine the number of receptacles required: 67 + 12-888 Because NEC Section 210,62 requires one re- ‘eptacle for each 12 linear feet or major fraction thereof, six receptacles would be required. Example 2: Using NEC Section 220.14(1), what is the total load for the receptacles required in the previous example? Solution: NEC Section 220.14(1) states that you must multiply the number of receptacles by {S0VA per recepladle, as follows: 6 receptacles x 180VA = 1,080VA @] 21 Lond Cotcuiations = Branch and Feeder Circuits Because the load is continuous, find 125% of the result (muliply by 125) to determine the load: 1,080VA x 1.25 ~ 1,350VA The load for these show window receptacles is L350VA. IF the volt LSA (,350VA + 120V). Example 3: Applying NEC Section 220.14(G)(2), what is the load for a 30-Jong show window? Solution: First, multiply the total length of show window area by 200VA, as follows: 30" x 200VA - 6,000VA ‘Then, multiply the result by 125 to determine the load is 120V, the load will be 6,000VA x 1.25 = 7,500VA If the voltage is 120V, the load will be 62.58 (7500VA = 120V), 3.3.0 Sign Loads NEC Article 600 covers requirements for signs and outline lighting. NEC Sections 600.5(B)(1) ‘and 2) specify thal sign circuits that supply all other signs and outline lighting systems shall not exceed 20A, and sign circuits that supply Module One 19neon tubing shall not exceed 30A. NEC Section £600.5(A) requires atleast one 20A sign circuit that supplies no other load. This sign circuit must be provided for each commercial building and each commercial occupancy accessible to pedest ans. NEC Section 220-14(F) requires the load for the sign circuit to be computed at a minimum of 1,200VA. Because signs for commercial occupan- cles are expected to operate for more than three hours ata time, the sign circuit is typically consid- ered as a continuous load. Under this condition, the branch circuit rating must be calculated at 125% of L200VA, which is equal to 1,500VA. The actual sign load cannot exceed 80% of the branch circuit eating For example, what is the maximum continuous load in VA that may be connected to a 20A, 120V sign circuit? “To determine the total VA load for the circuit, multiply the amperage by the voltage: 20A x 120V = 2,400VA Find 80% of the result (multiply by 018) to de- termine the maximum continuous VA load: 180% of 2,400VA = 2,A00VA x 0.8 = 1,920VA 3.4.0 Loads for Heavy-Duty Lamp Holder Outlets Pee NEC Section 220.14(6), outlets for heavy- duty lamp holders are calculated at a minimum OF OVA each, For example, a noncontinvous load consisting of four 120V outlets for heavy-duty amp holders conic be canmected to 3 20A branch circuit, as illustrated by the following calculation: 2,A00VA ~ GOOVA = 4 outlets 3.5.0 Commercial Kitchen Equipment Loads Loads for commercial kitchen equipment are calculated based upon the nameplate rating of the equipment. NEC Table 220.56 lists demand factors for commercial kitchen equipment. NEC Section 220.56 applies to commercial kitchen equipment, inchiding cooking equipment, dish- ‘washer booster heaters, water heaters, and other Kitchen equipment. Example 1: ‘What is the load, in amps, for one dishwasher ouster heater? The booster heater has a name- plate rating of 15kW, 208, 30. 20 Window Lo: SOMO. ne names st, convert the nameplate poster rating 10 valby multiplying by 100. Then, divide rut bythe product ofthe vllage and 173, a floes (femember that 732 nthe quate rot 9 15K % 1,000 = 15,000VA 15,000VA + (208V x 1.732) = 16,000VA + 360.256V ~ 41.640 Example 2: ‘What is the demand load for 6 units of com- ‘mercial kitchen equipment with a total VA rating of €7000VA2 Solution: Per NEC Table 220.36, the demand factor for 6 units is 65%, Multiply the total VA rating by 0.65: 47,000VA x 0.65 = 30,550VA ‘The demand load is 30,550VA. 3.6.0 Motor Loads Branch circuit conductors and overcurrent protec: tion devices for motors are determined by usin NEC Table 430.238 for single-phase motors an NEC Table 430.250 for three-phase motors. To use the NEC* motor tables, itis necessary to know the motor horsepower, voltage, phase, and design let- ter Motor information is obtained from the motor NCCER - Electrical LevelTiee asso117sameplate. NEC Section 430.6(4)() requires that the values given in NEC Tables 430.47 throng {30.230 be sed to determine the smpaciy of tramch circuit conductors and the ampere 1a ing of switches, branch creult short cxcult and fet fault protection, ete The motor nameplate Screen at snot permitted to he used in sing these components nies oerwise specified "fo determine the branch crcult conductor size for motor circuit the motor fullload current tsken fom the appropriate table s miles by 1Dsve and the remting amp suse sect branch’ ciruit conductors To determine motor fallload cusrent using the tables its necessary {oko the motor sizein horsepower, motor vl ge and motor phase If he motor nameplate Cini ar ampsbt nt hapomer NEC Section 430.6(4)G) Mates that the oreepover rating shall be assumed fo be the vale given the tables. To assume a horsepower value, the horsepower vale that most closely corresponds tone ampere valu in the tables selected. Example ‘What isthe motor flood curren fr a hp, 230V, 10 motor? Saluton NEC Table 190.248 io wd to determine ful load curren for singlephase AC solar, The et Column inthe table used to find the correct mo- tor horsepower and the ampacty is then deter: mined based upon the motor vallage.A 2p, 230V ‘olor hax a fuldoad current of 2A vamp Whats the motor full4oad current for a 10hp, 460V, 30 mator Salton NEC Table 430.250 is used to determine full load current for three-phase AC motor. The lef columnn is ued to locate the motor horsepower Sind the mpi is then obtained under the va fge column A Ihp, 460, 30’ motor has a full Ibn curent of 1. Esampled Which size copper THWN branch circuit cone ductors would be requited to supply & 25hp, 30, S60V motor? Sato Using NEC Table 490.250, te fulbtoad cursent for this motor is 344. Muli the motor Fllload Current by 125 to determine the minimum at pack forbranch circuit conductors 348 x 1.25 = 425A @] 21 Lond Cotcuiations = Branch and Feeder Circuits Branch circuit conductor size is then deter- mined using NEC Table 310.15(B)(16). No. 6 THWN copper is rated at 55A using the 60°C (40°F) column. The branch circuit conductors required to supply this 25hp motor would be No. 6 THWN copper. Motor short circuit and ground fault protection is sized using NEC Table 430,52. To use this ta ble itis holpfa to kaow the typeof motor, hore- power, phase, motor ampacity (ull-oad current), and the design letter, if any. Example Which size dual-element time-delay fuse would be requited for a squirrel cage motor with the following rating: Sdhp, 30) 460V, Design Letter D? Module One 21Solution ‘The motor fulload current is first determined using NEC Table 430.250. Then, using NEC Table 430.52, the full-load current is multiplied by the proper percentage listed for the characteristics of the motoe. From NEC Table 430.250, the fulldoad. current for a S0hp, 30, 460V motor is 654. From NEC Table 430.52, 175% of the fullload current ‘must be found to select a time-delay fuse for a polyphase motor (30) with a design leiter other than B, energy-efficient, This is calculated as follows 175% of 65A = 65A % 1.75 = 113.754 Per NEC Section 430.52(CM(1), Exception 1, the next higher standard fuse size is 125A. A fuse with a 125A rating would be used. If the 125A fuse proves to be inadequate to carry the load, NEC Section 430.52(CK1), Exeoption Xb) may be used. In no case, however, can the rating exceed 22514 of the fullload current Example 5 Which size inverse-time circuit breaker would be required for a squirrel cage motor with the following rating: lohp, 30, 208Y, Design Letter B, energy-efficient? Solttor The motor full-oad current is 308A per NEC Table 430.250. Find 250% of fullload current (aultiply by 23) to size an inverse-time circuit breaker for a 30 motor with Design Letter B, energy-efficient (per NEC Tithle 430.52) 90.88 x 2.5 = 778 ‘The next higher size circuit breaker is SUA, and NEC Section 430.52(C)(2), Exception 2(c) would permit a 110A circuit breaker ifthe 80A breaker is Inadequate for the load. Power factor can be a significant issue with larger motor installations. In facilities with mul- tiple large motors, the running current of a spe- cific motor will depend on the power factor of the facility, NEC Table 430.250 provides adjustment factors for 80% and 90% power factors, For an 80% power factor, the running current must be increased by a factor of 1.25 10 achieve 100% of the fullload current. With a 90% power factor, it is 110% or L 2 3.7.0 Welder Loads Branch circuit conductors and overcurrent protec: tion devices for welders are sized using the pri mary current and duty cycle for the welder. This information is obtained from the nameplate on the welder. Using the relevant NEC® section, the multiplier (demand factor is determined by us ing the nameplate duty cycle of the welder. Th primary curzent is multiplied by the NEC* mult plier to determine the ampacty tha is then used tosize branch cireuit conductors and avercurrent protection. Typical welders inchide transformer fire welders, motor-generator welders, and ress- tance welders. INEC Article 630 cavers electric welders. Part I covers arc welders with or without motor gener- ators igi 2: Part II covers resistance welders Each NEC™ section lists duty cycle multipliers for individual welders based upon the type of welder. NEC Table 630.11(4) provides multipliers for are welders, and NEC Table 630,310\)2) pro- Vides multiplies for resistance welders. Per NEC Section 630.12(4), the overcurrent protection device for an individual welder branch [ret shal have a rating or setting not exceecing 200% of the primary current rating of the welder. This NEC" secliou applies v are welders with or without motor-generators. For resistance welders, NEC Section 630.32(A) provides that the rating or setting for the overcurrent protection device shall not exceed 300% of the primary curren rat ing of the welder. ‘tis adinsble ochack with he loa inspection authority oF projet specications regsding ‘the setting or rating for welder branch ‘rai overeurrent protection devies. Many. authorities wil nt permit the overeurent evicting o oxcaed the rating af he branch Example t: Which size THWN copper branch circuit con- ductors would be required to supply an indi- vidual are welder with a non-motor-generator having a nameplate primary current of 70A and a duty eyele of 80262 NCCER = tetra everTovee asso(a) TRANSFORMER WELDING MACHINE Figure2 Welding machines Solution: ‘The nameplate primary current is mull by O89, this multiplier is obtained from NEC Table 630-11(A) for an arc welder with a non: motor generator and a duty cycle of 60%: 70A 0.89 — 6238 ‘The copper THWN conductor size is selected per NEC Table 310.15(B)(16). No. 4 THWN cop- per conductors, with a rating of 70A, would be Fequired using the 60°C (MO"F) columa. Example 2 Which size THWN copper branch circuit con- ductors and which size circuit breaker would be required to supply a resistance welder with a nameplate primary current of 125A and a duty cycle of 4072 Soliton: ‘The nameplate primary current is multiplied by 063; this multiplier is obtained from NEC @] 21 Lond Cotcuiations = Branch and Feeder Circuits (6) ENGINE-DRIVEN WELDING MACHINE Table 630,31(A)(2) for an arc welder with a duty cyee of 40% 125A * 0.63 = 78.758 Per NEC Table 310.15(B)16), No. 3 THWN conductors (854 using the 60°C/140°F column) wuld be used. Per NEC Seti 630.22(A), 300% of the primary current must be found (multiply by 3) to size the overcurrent protection device. The nameplate rating for the resistance welder in this example is 125A, so the calculation is a8 follows: 1258 «3 = 375A Because this value exceeds the rating of a stan- dard 300A overcurrent protection device, NEC Section 630.32 permits the next higher standard size listed in NEC Section 240.6(A) (400A) to be used. Module One 23Additional Resources National Electrical Code” Handbook, Latest Edition. Quiney, MA: Nationa Fite Protection Association 3.0.0 Section Review 1. The load for 8 of multicutlet assembly used ‘simultaneously is. a 720VA b. 1AsovA, ©. 260VA d. 2880VA 2. How many receptacles are required for 60 lin- ‘ear feet of show window area? a3 bs Bia a 3. What is the maximum continuous load in VA that may be connected to a 20A, 120V sign 15, Whals the demand toad for 4 units of commer. ‘al kitchen equipment witha total VA rating of 3600047 a. 23400VA b, 28300VA © 34000VA «d. 45,000VA 6 What is the motor full-load current for a Shp, 208, 10 motor? 2 196A b asa 4604 5754, 2. Which size copper branch circuit conductors circuit? would be required to supply « nonmotor-gen- ‘8 L680VA erator are weer ith «nameplate primary i love Current of LOA snd a duty eycle of 50% © 2700VA, a. No.3 AWE 4. 280A b NodAWG © Ne 6ANG 4. Per NEC Section 220.14(E), outlets for heavy- 4. NeSAWG duty lamp holders a7e each calceated at a ‘minimum of a. 180A b 240vA & 450vA 4 so0va Summary In order to determine the size of branch circuit circuit components can be sized to safely serve overcurrent protection devices and branch circuit conductors, itis important to accurately calculate branch circuit loads using NEC” requirements. When the branch circuit load is calculated, branch the load NEC articles cover branch circuits ranging from lighting loads to welders. As a trainee It the elecrial field, yor must understand branch cine requirements NEGER = Bectcaltonttinw soneReview Questions 1, The general lighting load fora storeis__. a. VASE, b. IBVA/EE & W0OVA/i d. IBOVA AE 2. The general lighting load (expressed as a unit oad per square foo) fora warehouse is Vase b avarice © WARE d. PAVA/ 3. A continuous lond is defined by the NEC® as 3 Tood whose maximum current is expected tocontinue for atleast a. 30minutes & Thour © 2howrs S. 3houre 4. Whats the capacity, in amperes, fora 20A circuit breaker supplying a continuous load? a 1A b DA & 6A d. 208, 5 rhc ti cndocn ying contin ovis duty loads sre aletaed st 2. 100% ofthe ated ood abv ofthe ated ood © 180% of the ated loud 4. 175% ofthe rated ood 6. Whatis the current-carrying ampacity for each of 10 No, 10 THHIN copper conductors installed in a single conduit?” a. 2A b 28 < RA d. 408, 7. The voltage drop between the point of ser- vice and the farthest outlet in a branch cir- cuit should not exceed a. 2% bm © 5% d. 10% 8 The voltage drop fora 208V, 10 circuit with a load of 265A, using No.8 stranded copper conductors at @ circuit length of HB a. 587V b. 593v © 608v 4 618v 9, The voltage drop for a 480V,30 circuit with oad of $858, ting No. atranded copper onducorsat ict length of HS 2 av 2 iw © Sev i 5i6v 10, Using the resistance formula, the voltage drop for an 18, 208, 30 load with a total ircuit length of 105' using Ne, 10 solid cop- pper conductors is 8. 396V, b. 457v ©. 506V d. 5.69, 11. Load calculations for circuits supplying. lighting units with ballasts are based upon 2 the tal wate ofall amps in the ures the sieuiwoltage times lamp eattage © theampere ratings oF the ballasts GWA Perballst Module One 25 @] 21 Lond Cotcviations = Branch and Feeder Circuits2 What is the caleulated load, in amps, for a 120V circuit supplying four 150W recessed incandescent fixtures and six recessed fluo ‘escent fixtures operating continuously? (Each fluorescent ballast is rated at 065A) a, 39658 b. BISA, 105250 111250 17, Whatis the minimum conductor ampacity for four L000W, 208V, 19 electric baseboard heaters? a. 19.234, b. 24044, 33334 d. 40834 18, Which size copper branch citeut conductors are reired to supply an ar conditioning 13, Whatis the maximum mumber of general: Unit witha nameplate ating of 33, 28, Prrpose nancontinuous duty duplex recep o {aces that con be connected fo 220, F2N a Ne i Circuit in acommercal building? What fee is the NEC® required load rating for each epee roepiacle? ee 2. WOreceptaceg 153A D. iW receptncles: L575 18, The load for of mit outlet assembly used © Broceptale1S0VA Simultaneously 4. receptacles 150VA 2 TVA b Rava 1, What is the toa load in VA for to smal : a in VAs : © ova appliance branch circuits in single amily ; Reatine 4. 21608 3. 1800VA 20, How many receptacles ae required for % 2agova linen fet of show widen aes? © Yovowa =a 4. dso0va a 15, Whatis the demand loadin amps for one 6 household electric range with a nameplate rating of 16754W, 10) 24007 2. RA Bla © 48254 a Baa 16, Whatis the demand loadin amps forasin- ple circuit supplying one walmexted oven Fated T1754, 10, 2800 and ont ooking unit rated 964, 1, 24002 2. 3667 baa © 254 4. BR96A 26 NCCER - Electrical LevelTiree ass0117Supplemental Exercises —= 1. How are branch circuit conductors sized? NEC Section 210.20(A) states that the rating of a branch circuit overcurrent protection device shall rot be less than the plus: ‘The maximum load that may be supplied by a 20A, two-wire, 240V. ‘The maximum load that may be supplied by a 15A, two-wire, 120V circuit is. How doves NEC Article 100 define a continuous load? cuit is 6. Describe situations in which the ampacity of conductors must be derated. 7. NEC Section 110.14(C) states that the temperature rating of any component in a branch cireuit must be used to determine the ampacity rating of the branch circuit conductors. 8. The minimum number of 20A sinall appliance branch circuits required in a residential kitchen is 9. The most important single piece of information needed to size the circuit for residential cooking equipment is the : 10. NEC Section 220.55 states that kVA shall be considered equivalent to for loads caleu- Tated using NEC Table 220.5 11. The branch circuit supplying an 80-gallon water heater must be rated at no less than 125% of the nameplate rating of the water heater because itis considered 2 . 1 According to NF Section 6 5(8), the maximum current rating for sgn circuits that supply in- ‘candescent and fluorescent lighting shall not exceed 13. Commercial applications usually require signs to operate for more than _hours ata time; therfore the sig cet typically considered 2 load. Under this condition, the branch circuit calculation is multiplied by ___ and the actual sign load cannot exceed of the branch circuit rating, 14, The number of heavy-duty outlets that ean be connected to a 20A, 120V branch circuit is 15, Branch circuit conductors and overcurrent protection devices for welders are sized using the ‘and for the welder. @] 21 Lond Cotcviations = Branch and Feeder Circuits Module One 27Ampacity: The maximum current in amperes that a conductor ean carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its tom- perature rating. Appliance: Utilization equipment, generally other than industrial, normally built in stan- dardized sizes or types, that is installed or con- nected as a unit to perform one or more func tions such as clothes washing, airconditioning, Food mixing, deep frying, or other purposes, Appliance branch circuits: Branch cr- cuits supplying energy t one or more outlets to which appliances are to be connected. Such Circuits are to have no permanently connected lighting fixtures that are not part of an appli- ance. Branch circuit: The circuit conductors tween the final overcurrent device protecting, the circuit and the outlet@), Continuous load: A load in which the maxi- ‘mum current is expected tp continue for three nts or mare Demand factors: The ratio of the maximum demands ofa system, or part of a system, to the total connected load of a system or the part of the system under consideration. Device: A unit of an electrical system, other than a conductor, that carries or controls elec- trical energy as its principal function. 28 Trade Terms Introduced This Module General-purpose branch circuits: [Branch circuits that supply two or more recep tacles or outlets for lighting and appliances, Individual branch circuit: A branch ci. ‘cuit that supplies only one piece of utilization ‘equipment. Multi-outlet assembly: A type of surface, flush, or freestanding raceway designed to hold conductors and receptacles, assembled in the field or atthe factory. Outlet: A point on the wiring system at which current is taken to supply utilization equip- ment, Overcurrent: Any current in excess of the rated current of equipment or the ampacity of a conductor. I may result from overload, short Circuit, or ground fault Receptacle: A contact device installed at an ‘outlet for connection of a single contact device. ‘A single receptacle is a single contact device ‘with no other contact device on the same yoke. [A multiple receptacle isa single device contain: ing two (duplex) or more receptacles. Receptacle outlet: An outlet where one or ‘more receptacles are installed, Utilization equipment: Fquipment that utilizes electric energy for electronic, chemical, heating, lighting, eleciromechanical, or similar purposes, NCCER - Electrical LevelTiree ass0117—— Additional Resources ‘This module presents thorough resources for task training. The following resource material is suggested Jor further study. National Electrical Code Handbook, Latest Edition. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association. —— Figure Credits Greentee/A Textron Company, MER SPER John Traister,Figite'l Mike Powers, SA08 and SA07 Miller Flectric Mig. Co. FigufeSi2A and 2B @] 21 Lond Cotcviations = Branch and Feeder Circuits Module One 2830 Section Review Answer Key b 10. 1 2d 122 1» tg te a 5” 2 220 ad 230 240 250 2 2 FT 20. Za 3.70 30 NCCER - Electrical LevelTiree ass0117Section Review Calculations ————————— 1.0.0 Section REVIEW Question 1 Per NEC Section 210.20, find 80% of the amperage rating to determine the maximum continuous lead: 80% of 208 = 20A x 0.8 ~ 16A ‘The maximum continuous load that may be connected is 16A, Question 2 Use the following formula: 2xLxRx1 7,000 Insert circuit values into formula: 2 160" x 0.778 (por NEC Chapter 9, Table 8) x 80A Np: 1,000 vo - vo = 697V ‘The voltage drop is 697V. Question 3 Divide the rating (in VA) by the circuit voltage to find the ampacity 00VA ~ 120V = 667A ‘The ampacity of the load is 6.674. 2.0.0 SecTion REVIEW Question 1 Multiply the number of fixtures by the amperage rating of each fixture to find the load; then, because this is a continuous load, find 125% of the result: 8 fixtures X 0.5 each ~ 48 125% of 4A = 4A x 1.25 = 5A ‘The calculated load is 5A. @] 21 Lond Cotcviations = Branch and Feeder Circuits Module One 31Question 2 Multiply the circuit amperage by the circuit voltage to determine the total capacity of the circuit. Then, divide the result by the rating per receptacle t0 find the total number of receptacles that may be connected: Total circuit capacity = 20A x 120V = 2,400VA Rating per receptacle = 1B0VA x 125% (for continuous load) = 225VA Total loads that may be connecta: circuit capacity _ 2,400VA ating per meaptacle ~ “ip5vAa’ ~ 107 (round down to 10 receptacles) ‘The maximum number of receptacles that can be connected is 10 receptacles. Question 3 Multiply the number of small appliance branch circuits by 1,500VA to determine the total load: 4 circuits * 1,500VA = 6,000VA ‘The total load is 6,000VA. Question 4 Since NEC Section 220.54 requires that a household dryer load be calculated at either 5,000VA or the nameplate rating, of the dryer, whichever is larger, you must first convert the nameplate rating of the dryer to volt-amperes. Then, compare it to 5,Q00VA to determine which is larger: 4.75KW % 1,000 = 4,750VA 4,750VA < 5,000VA Since 5000VA jis larger than the nameplate rating of the dryer, and since there is only 1 dryer (1x 5000VA = SD00VA), the demand load is 5,000VA, Question 5 Per NEC Table 220.55, calculate 80% of the nameplate power rating. Then, convert it to volt-amperes, and divide the result by the voltage rating to determine the demand load in amps 80% of 7RW = 7kW x 0.8 = 5.6kW 5.6KW x 1,000 = 5,600VA 5,800VA + 240V = 23.30 The demand load in amps is 23.34. Question 6 First, calculate the nameplate current rating by dividing the power rating by the voltage rating. Then, since itis a continuous load, find 125% of the result to determine the ampacity {per NEC Section 422.13): 8,400VA ~ 240V = 354 125% of 358 35A x 1.25 ~ 43.750 ‘The ampacity is 43.75. 32 NCCER - Electrical LevelTiree ass0117Question 7 Calculate the total connected load by combining the loads of the four heaters. Then, divide the total load in VAby the circuit voltage, and multiply by 1.35 to determine the minimum conductor ampacity 1,200W * 4 = 4,800W = 4,800VA 4,B00VA = 240V = 208 20A x 1.25 = 258 “The minimum conductor ampacity is 254. Question 8 Find 125% of the nameplate ampacity (multiply by 1.25), and use the result to select the proper conduc- tor size from NEC Table 310.15(8)(16): WBA % 1.25 = 22.58 See the 60°C (140°F) column of NEC Table 310.15(B)(16): 22.54 = No. 10 ‘The required conductor size is No. 10, 3.0.0 Secrion Review Question 1 Since each foot af assembly is considered | outlet of at least ISVA, multiply the length in feet by IS0VA: 8! x 1BOVA = 1,440VA, the load 3s 1,440VA. Question 2 Divide the length of the show window by 12 to determine the number of receptacles required: 60 linoar foot ~ 12 = 6 receptacles ‘The number of receptacles required is 5 Question 3 First, determine the total VA load for the circuit by multiplying, and then find 80% ofthe result to deter ‘mine the maximum continuous VA load! 20A x 120V = 2,400VA (total circuit VA load) 1,920VA ‘The maximum continuous load is 1,920VA. Question 5 Per NEC Table 220.56, the demand factor for 4 units is 80%. So, to determine the demand load, multiply by & 36,000VA x 0.8 = 28,800VA ‘The demand load is 28,800VA. Question 7 Per NEC Table 630.11(A): 0.71 [NEC Table 630.11/A)] x 1008 = 71 ‘See the 60°C (140°F) column of NEC Tuble 310.15(B)(16) 71A requires No. 3 AWG. @] 21 Lond Cotcviations = Branch and Feeder Circuits Module One 33NCCER CURRICULA — USER UPDATE NCCER makes every effort to Keep its textbooks up-to-date and free of technical errors. We appreciate your help in this process. 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NCCER Product Development and Revision 13614 Progress Blvd. Alachua, FL 32615 Email: curriculum@nccerong Online: wwwanecerorg/olt OK nee Guide Lesson Plans Exam PowerPoints Other Craft /Level: Copyright Date: Module 10 Number / Tite: Section Number(s} Description: Recommended Correction: Your Name: Address: Email Phone:i} i 4 g A = } ryTainees wih succes module completions may be gb for caeenbaling trough the NCCER Reg To arm ‘nore go NIGER or contac west LAOS GEL Our uct as tami on eat product ioe [ind wating wel solve vais ur Conarson maine nd Parts pod tay esis to infoDnecerarg il nthe Lae Upto ie Sache thn ace Thus iniormstion srl inratre arene or anng purposes ony: Acts perfomance of cts de- shes fs mara ele components a spike erst, see mastranc russes pres ‘ond craton aus in prs Tosrece the malo fated oe propa Skee nt on oysrgnt 017 by NCCER, Alaa FL aos, and published by Pearson Facation, Ing New York, NY 1013, Al ahs weereed feeb peo sg nw eee ore tren tm ter by my men cco ec pce “Spying reversing kewse Toots permisson o a materi from tis werk: Peer sb a wren eget Wo NCCER Prt ‘DMelogmen, el ogress sd, lhe PLB e From Secs! LovelhesTrings Gute, Ninh Eton NCCER ooreah© 207 by NCGER, Prone Peron Eavaton Al AM erepile ed Conbuctor SELECTION AND CaLcuLaTIONS Objectives ‘When you have completed this module, you will be able to do the following: 1, Select conductors for various applications. a. dent overcurrent protection for branch circuits and feeders. b. Identify the properties of conductors. 2. Size conductors based on expected load and voltage drop. 1. Calculate wire sizes based on resistance. b, Calculate conductor resistances. €. Calculate voltage drops for various applications Performance Tasks ‘This isa knowledge-based module, There are no Ferformance Tasks. Trade Terms Industry Recognized Creden: If you are training through an NCCER-accredited sponsor, you may be eligible for credentials from NCCER’s Registry The [D number for his module is 26302-17. Note that this module may have been used in other NCCER cusricula and may apply to other level completions. Contact NCCER's Registry at 888.622.3720 or go to wwwaeeerog for more information. Note NEPA 70P, National Eectrical Code® and NECS are registered trademarks of the National Fee Protection Association, Quincy, MA.Contents 10.0 Conductors for Various Applications 1.1.0 Overcurrent Protection for Branch Circults and Feeders. 11 Branch Circuits 12 Conductor Protection woven 120° Properties of Conductors. 1 Color Coding 2 Changing Colors.. 2.00 Siting Conductors. 24.9 Wire Sizes Based on Resistanc 2.1 Gireular Mil--Unit of Conductor Arc 2.12 Converting Square Mils to Circular Mils. 2.2.0 Conductor Resistances. 22.1. Resistance of Copper per Foot 2.22 Resistance of Copper per Mil Foot wn. “ 23.0 Calculating Voltage Drops. 23.1 Voltage Drop Example... 2.32 Miscellaneous Volage Drop Equation Figures and Tables Figure 1 Common strand contigurations.. Figure 2 Comparison of various wire sizes... Figure 3 Cross section of a 37 strand compact eonductar. Figure 4 Power riser diagram showing feeders and branch ci Figure 5 Location of overcurrent protection in circuits. Figure 6 NEC® 25° (75 m) tap rule. Figure 7 Noncurrentlimiting device. Figure 8 Currentiimiting de Figure 9 Electrical conductors in various shapes Table 1 Adjustment Factors for Mora than Thr Conductors in a Raceway or Cable... Table2 Voltage Drop in 24V Wiring for Given Cieuit Lengths Current-Carrying