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Perception and Illusion

Perception is a process whereby sensory stimulation is translated
into organized or meaningful experience. The process of
understanding of the facts around us is perception. The total
understanding of the objects is so essential because we have to
deal with it. This perception of the objective facts depends on
various factors such as motives, past experience, emotions etc. Our perception will often
be wrong. These wrong perceptions are called illusions and hallucinations. Our mental
process due to the factors such as background, set, perceptual grouping and so on
wrongly interpret the sensory stimuli. We sometimes perceive the stimuli, which is not
present or true. This is a normal phenomenon. To study this phenomenon of illusions
certain tests have been developed.

Muller Lyre Illusion Board (with stand) (Performance):

This instrument is generally used to study the phenomenon
Adobe Flash Player is no longer supported of optical illusion. This is a board having a fixed line with
an arrowhead and feather head for a specific length and a
movable feather head. The length of the line with the
feather heads can be varied sliding front and back. A
metric scale is provided to measure the extent of
estimation.

301-057-MI(1 Set includes 1 Mullerlyer illusion board with a set of stands

and administrator

Horizontal - Vertical Illusion Board (with stand) (Performance):

This instrument is also used to study the phenomenon of optical illusion.
However this instrument is used to study the effect of change in the
method of presentation on the extent of illusion. This board will have a
horizontal line and a vertical line exactly to the center of the horizontal
line. However the length of the vertical line can be adjusted by moving a
slide provided. A metric scale is provided to measure the extent of
estimation.

301-058-MI(1 Set includes 1 Horizontal/Vertical illusion board with a stand

and administrator manual)

Illusion of Movement
Sometimes we tend to perceive the movement of objects without the actual physical
movement. For ex. a motion picture, where in a combination and continuous exposure of
the discrete photographs at a particular speed makes us to experience the movement.
This perceived movement is only apparent and not actual. This phenomena of perception
of movement is called as phi-phenomena. To establish this phenomenon the following
instrument is very useful:

Phi-Phenomena Apparatus(Electronic):
This instrument consists of two flickering lights behind
a milky glass. The rate of flickering, brightness, and
distance between the two lights can be varied.

301-059-MI(1 Set includes 1 electronic phi-phenomena

apparatus and administrator manual)

Suggestion:
Man while interacting in the society sometimes directly accepts others opinions, attitudes
and responds accordingly without much thinking/reasoning. This leads to suggestion. This
depends upon one's past experience, learning, uncritical mental set, ready to accept
others ideas, etc. Suggestion operates based on both subjective and objective factors.

Size -Weight Illusion Box(Performance):

The size of an object has its effect on the
estimation of the weight by an individual. Generally,
small objects will be underestimated and bigger
objects will be overestimated of its size even though
they are of the same weight. This velvet wooden
box contains 14 cylindrical wooden weights, with brass eye atop to facilitate
lifting by making use of a hook provided, wherein 11 variable weights are
equal in size and height. One smaller, one bigger and one equal sized
weights are provided as three different standard (wooden) weights of 55
gms. each. These three standard weights are compared with the other 11
variable weights, which ranges form 30 to 80 gms. with a progressive rise
of 5 gms. in between

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301-060-MI (1 Set Wooden weights with a hook to lift with administrator
manual in a wooden box)

Progressive Weight Box (Performance):

This box is used to study the effect of suggestion when the
weights are presented for judgment in order of progression. This
velvet box consists of 10 wooden cylindrical wts. with brass eye
atop to facilitate lifting by making use of a hook provided. These
weights are ranging from 20 to 55 grams (8 wts.) and two
weights of 55 gms. each in 5 grams progression in between.

301-061-MI (1 Set Wooden weights with a hook to lift with administrator manual in a
wooden box)

Suggestion of Warmth Box(Performance):

This instrument is used to study the effect of
suggestion on feeling of warmth. This box has a
coil, which will get heated up when a secret switch
is operated which is provided at the experimenter
side and a set of 4 lamps and switch at the top
to switch on these lamps. There is a screen in between the lights and
the coil.

301-062-MI(Suggestion of warmth box with screen and bulbs with

administrators manual)

Depth Perception
We can make accurate judgment about a distance and depth by using both the eyes.
However, we can make the same judgment by using one eye also. However It is
established that binocular visual condition facilitates more accurate depth perception. This
phenomenon can be understood using the Depth Perception box.

Depth Perception Box(Electrical):

This is a long box consisting of two compartments, an adjustable
slit and an adjustable chin rest. There will be three vertical black
rods inside the box. Two rods are fixed at the center of the box
and the middle rod can be moved either way (back and forth)
along the path by pushing the knob provided. The movement of
the same can be recorded as a meter scale is provided along the movement. To
facilitate clear view of the rods a white light is provided in the other compartment.

301-063-MI(1 Set includes depth perception apparatus with chin reset and administrator
manual).

Time Perception Box(Electrical):

This instrument is used to study the length of the interval on the accuracy of estimation
and reproduction. This instrument is used to determine experimentally the effect of
auditory distraction on the performance of a task. An electrical box consists of two sides
i.e. subject side and the experimenter side. There will be a screen in between.
Experimenter side will have two switches and a light and the subject side will have two
switches, a light and a buzzer. Both the light and the buzzer can be operated using
both switches.

301-064-MI(1 Set includes Time Perception instrument and administrator manual).

Size Constancy
In our perceptual process there is tendency to compute the difference in size of the
retinal Image. For ex. If an object is seen close to the eye it is perceived at the
actual size. When the same is moved away from us the object looks smaller and
smaller. Though this variation of size in perceiving is existent, we tend to compensate
the difference in size with the distance and object will remain constant as we make
changes in the size of the proximal stimulus and this is called size constancy. As we
know about the true size of the object, keeping this as a reference the size of the
object is perceived at any distance from us. To establish this phenomenon of size
constancy the following instrument is used.

Size Constancy Apparatus(Performance):

A wooden board consists of a big triangle of 15 cms. in height, on a
black background and a standard white triangle on black background
measuring 8 cms. The size of the bigger triangle can be varied form
0 - 15 cms both in ascending and descending way by operating the
provided lever. A metric scale is provided behind to measure the actual
estimation made by the subject.

301-065-MI(1 Set includes Size constancy apparatus with standard white triangle on a
black background with a set of stands and administrator manual)

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