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  • Momentum

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    Billie
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    The document discusses momentum and Newton's laws of motion. It provides definitions and formulas for momentum, and explains how momentum is conserved in closed systems. Newton's third law is described as stating that whenever two objects interact, they exert equal and opposite forces on each other. Examples are given of how safety features in vehicles work to reduce impact forces according to momentum principles. These features increase contact time during collisions to lower the rate of change of momentum and the resulting impact force.

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    The document discusses momentum and Newton's laws of motion. It provides definitions and formulas for momentum, and explains how momentum is conserved in closed systems. Newton's third law is described as stating that whenever two objects interact, they exert equal and opposite forces on each other. Examples are given of how safety features in vehicles work to reduce impact forces according to momentum principles. These features increase contact time during collisions to lower the rate of change of momentum and the resulting impact force.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    3 views16 pages

    Momentum

    Uploaded by

    Billie
    The document discusses momentum and Newton's laws of motion. It provides definitions and formulas for momentum, and explains how momentum is conserved in closed systems. Newton's third law is described as stating that whenever two objects interact, they exert equal and opposite forces on each other. Examples are given of how safety features in vehicles work to reduce impact forces according to momentum principles. These features increase contact time during collisions to lower the rate of change of momentum and the resulting impact force.

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    of 16

    Head to savemyexams.co.

    uk for more awesome resources

    Calculating Momentum
    momentum

    p = mv

    no

    direction 
    positive negative

    The tennis ball's momentum is negative when it moves in the opposite direction to
    which it initially was travelling in

    Page 60 of 85
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    accelerates decelerates

    S

    direction
    mass

    >

     kg m/s 

    Page 61 of 85
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    Conservation of Momentum

    In a closed system, the total momentum before an event is equal to the total
    momentum after the event

    The total momentum before a collision = The total momentum after a collision

    vector

    cancel out
     always conserved

    The momentum of a system before and after a collision

    m×u

    Page 62 of 85
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    (M × V) – (m × v)

    Page 63 of 85
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    Page 64 of 85
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    Forces & Momentum

    change in momentum

    rate of change in momentum


    *

    -
    change 

    Final momentum – Initial momentum

    vectors

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    -

    Page 67 of 85
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     Maths Tip:

    time
     Δt 
     Δt 

    Page 68 of 85
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    Newton's Third Law
    third law of motion

    Whenever two bodies interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal
    and opposite 

    - pairs
    equal opposite
    - same type
    gravitational force
    gravitational force

    The foot pushes the ground backwards, and the ground pushes the foot forwards.
    Newton's third law explains the forces that enable people to walk

    equal and opposite

    Page 69 of 85
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     

    Step 1: State Newton's first law of motion Cinertial


    -

    Step 2: State Newton's third law of motion

    Step 3: Check if the diagram satisfies the two conditions for identifying
    Newton's third law

    one object

    contact force gravitational force


    weight

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    Step 4: Conclude who is correct

    William is correct
    Newton's first
    law 
    at rest balanced
    resultant force

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    Newton's third law can be applied to collisions

    A B 
    A B B
    A

    FB–A = –FA–B

    Page 72 of 85
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     
    two different objects.

    single

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    *Momentum & Safety Features

    increasing the contact time

    shape
     crumple zones seat belts airbags

    mass
    velocity

    long

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    The seat belt, airbag and crumple zones help reduce the risk of injury on a passenger

    - Seat belts

    - Airbags

    -Crumple zones

    lowering the impact force

    Page 75 of 85
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    increases contact time


    smaller impact force

    -
    A bouldering mat is a type of crash mat used to reduce the chance of injury in falls
    whilst climbing

    contact time

    - reduce

    Page 76 of 85
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