Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Integration

    Uploaded by

    nuyoahrr
    8 views7 pages
    The document discusses integration in calculus. It explains that integration is the inverse process of differentiation according to the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. When integrating, the constant term "c" must be included since differentiation eliminates constants. The document also provides rules for integrating powers of x, such as increasing the power by 1 and dividing by the new power. Finally, it gives an example of how to find the constant of integration c by substituting coordinates into the integrated function.

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    5. Integration

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    The document discusses integration in calculus. It explains that integration is the inverse process of differentiation according to the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. When integrating, the constant term "c" must be included since differentiation eliminates constants. The document also provides rules for integrating powers of x, such as increasing the power by 1 and dividing by the new power. Finally, it gives an example of how to find the constant of integration c by substituting coordinates into the integrated function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    8 views7 pages

    Integration

    Uploaded by

    nuyoahrr
    The document discusses integration in calculus. It explains that integration is the inverse process of differentiation according to the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. When integrating, the constant term "c" must be included since differentiation eliminates constants. The document also provides rules for integrating powers of x, such as increasing the power by 1 and dividing by the new power. Finally, it gives an example of how to find the constant of integration c by substituting coordinates into the integrated function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 7

    Head to savemyexams.co.

    uk for more awesome resources

    YOUR NOTES
    International AS Maths Edexcel 

    5. Integration

    CONTENTS
    5.1 Integration
    5.1.1 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
    5.1.2 Integrating Powers of x

    Page 1 of 7
    © 2015-2021 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
    Head to savemyexams.co.uk for more awesome resources

    5.1 Integration YOUR NOTES



    5.1.1 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
    What is the fundamental theorem of calculus?

    The Theorem states that integration is the inverse process of differentiation (see
    Powers of x)
    This form of the Theorem relates to Indefinite Integration
    An alternative version of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus involves
    Definite Integration

    What is “+c” (plus c)?

    Page 2 of 7
    © 2015-2021 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
    Head to savemyexams.co.uk for more awesome resources

    YOUR NOTES

    When differentiating y, constant terms ‘disappear’


    for constants y = c, dy/dx = 0
    graphs of constants are horizontal lines and so have gradient (dy/dx) 0
    Integrating dy/dx, to get y, cannot determine the constant
    To acknowledge this constant, “+ c” is used
    c is called the constant of integration

    Notation

    If it has more than one term the function to be integrated


    (called the integrand) should be in brackets
    “Integrate” -– “all of (…)” -– “with respect to x”
    dx means integrate with respect to x, any other letter is treated like a number (ie
    like a constant)

    Page 3 of 7
    © 2015-2021 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
    Head to savemyexams.co.uk for more awesome resources

    Worked Example YOUR NOTES


     

    Page 4 of 7
    © 2015-2021 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
    Head to savemyexams.co.uk for more awesome resources

    5.1.2 Integrating Powers of x YOUR NOTES



    What is integration?

    Integration is the inverse ('opposite') of differentiation


    How do I integrate powers of x?

    For each term …


    … increase the power (of x) by 1
    … divide by the new power
    This does not apply when the original power is -1
    the new power would be 0 and division by 0 is undefined
    How do I find c?
    STEP 1 Rewrite the function into a more easily integrable form

    Page 5 of 7
    © 2015-2021 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
    Head to savemyexams.co.uk for more awesome resources

    Each term needs to be a power of x (or a constant) YOUR NOTES


    STEP 2 Integrate each term and remember “+c” 
    Increase power by 1 and divide by new power
    STEP 3 Substitute the coordinates of a given point in to form an equation in c
    Solve the equation to find c

    Page 6 of 7
    © 2015-2021 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
    Head to savemyexams.co.uk for more awesome resources

    Worked Example YOUR NOTES


     

    Page 7 of 7
    © 2015-2021 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers

    You might also like