Reproductive

Cycles

lm age b;.f t'-#label Amber,'».-n-'h-crwill -one Dag," from Dixabay

r'-'
""1I!I"1-l.-` |"'.

il'-IUI"*':,

\é!.be>&tQ?>S
l I.. J '|

l l
.'|
l It
gl
1.1 I

E"1b,;l'*'a~
=1:e»
"|
 Reproductive Cycles
Various phenomena
puberty, estrous cycle, sexual
maturity, the breeding season
postpartum sexual activity, and
aging

Regulation/controlled by
environmental
O genetic
physiologic

chosocial
Source: Have; E. 5. E.,E H E fe; E. [.Eds ..]. [2DD[l]. Rep-faJ'ucric»n In.FarmAn£IT»uI5. John w in*hf Er Eons
lmuu.-: be Image bv5-er1;li4:' Gerrutu - Itali Bfr-nm Pi:lc5bu1.r. l'tt1:I:l5:.W'Eli.'»lE bHv_£nmFDM1m ."f:£:w"H7i1:Ih|EFd-

_;~{'I'q.:,
ET*~ur'
E L?
"
l'l_
'I
J:
\£!.§.52$Q?>5
11 lE'=-
 Prenatal vs Neonatal
Primary reproductive
hormones
O secretion of gonadotropins
begins during fetal life
CII remain low up to the onset of
puberty ("infancy")
O onset of puberty - secretion rises
Attributed to the removal of
inhibitory control of the cos
until the body has
progressively attain a level
compatible for reproduction
Euurce: HEHcE; E. 5. E., .1/. Have; E- [Eds.j|. (Evan). Reprnducrinn IrrFaJrm Animal's. .Juh n wiles; a Suns

VISAYAS
1'l-HHH: Ll5ll+-ll'liLII'li1-I ,| `4`
 r

Puberty
Definition
male or female - able to release gametes and to manifest
complete sexual behavior sequences
Increasing gonadotropic activity and the ability of the gonads
to simultaneously assume steroidogenesis and
gametogenesis
O Gametogenesis
In male: A-spermatogonia + Sertoli cells = end of
prepubertal period and onset of spermatogenesis
In female: first antral follicles appear pre pubertal, but
complete follicular development, resumption of oocyte
meiosis, and ovulation are only observed - when
gonadotropin secretions have reached adult profiles
r H r n I I _ { n F r J , \ F n

.¢'~lf'ETql;,
.HLEJ .up
\é!§J2§Q?\.S
 Puberty
Factors 1>0»l"T .

O Physical environment F0p~6sT.!

Photoperiod
Adolescent Sterility
O Age J Full reproductive
Breed. end sires within breed efficiency - not attained
Heterosis in any species et the first
estrus Cr ejaculation
O Temperature
Season (for seasonal breeders)
O Breeding in group than alone
Boar exposure (confined gilts)
Body weight as affected by nutrition (overfed vs underfed)
Growth weight before and after weaning
Weight - normally 40% of adult weight
incur-ne: Huff; E. E. ET a HHE; E. (j¢15_I'. [2[!Eil[!I]. RE pn:=:J'u-l;1:i-L:-n inFo .run Anima Is. John Wiley & Suns
Gannon i mage from: https: hWww. 1IN rF sum!l::hMcI_7'T344D15_4: munndrarmta-bminwm H1-

1"-'WIFE
VISAYAS
3-MH: Ll5ll+-ll'liLlrL§-I I 1'
 Puberty s. the onset of cyclical activity
Further considerations
O young animals - no evidence of
recurring cyclical periods of Mare 1-2 yr
sexual acNvNy
pubertal period - when animal Cow 7-18 mo
becomes sexually mature and Ewe 9-1 5 mo
able to reproduce
sexual receptivity - precedes the Doe 4-8 mo
development of physical maturity Sow 6-8 mo
where efficiency/fecundity is at 1

maximum Bitch 6-20 mo

A function of age -"biological Cat 7-12 mo
clock 1

O No menopause in animals n

-1=1r*`""'+-:-
Ei E!
.
l
l
l l

It
gl

II VISAYAS
3-MH: Ull+-ll'liLlrL§-I I H'
 The Estrous Cycle
O period from one ovulation to the
next, with each ovulation being
Heat and cwulatiun
accompanied by signs of estrus
O mating at the onset of estrus
coinciding with the time of
ovulation (except in human &
other primates where ovulation
occurs mid cycle
phase
duration varies between species Ll.l'IE3l

and may differ between females

from within species
ovulation time - affected by
internal/external factors
54::ur1:e: Huff; E. 5. E'.| & Hafez E _ [Eds.`]. [inn-1].3. Repraiucdonin Farm.-!l.nirnal's. .J1:»h n Wilej,r Er 54:»n,5
Image What happens after heat? httpa:..G'Www.reprndaetinn.{::»m/uk.FGatt'leHel:lre»dLr4:1:ianJ-TI1erepr1:»dLr1:.ti1.-e

.:'b`*"**-33.
.
al-
I .|:
|

VISAYAS
3-Lihll; Ll5ll+-ll'!IFLlrk5-I I w'
=1:e»
 r
The Estrous Cycle

Mare 19-25 4-8 days 1-20daj,/fs before and

of estrus
Cow 21-22 18-19 10-11 111' after end of
e 5t1118~
Ewe 16-17 24-36 30-36111' 50111
bearl mg Df '88-tI'l1E
Doe 21 20-35 _
Sow 19-20 48-72 35-451' 813111
beguululg of 12511118

Fl l"r'..l.,. '-. II'1llnrlln'\. r1l

-£=~!'£I'?:»
\é!é S
" ' . | . . | ' '|

.H+ E
l l

l It
HJ'
"l I

tru-21 LE'=' "|

 Regulation of the Estrous Cycle
Hype-thalalu
Negative Feedback
will regulate the tannie
release Ul' LH te- euppnrt
the CL until FGF eauaee
Greefian Fe-lliele CL re-greeeien
lnereaee EEUDQHH
Preduetiun will
Stimulate LH surge

Anterior r
pituitary

Prog esters:-na
Pnsitivfr L
Feedback FSH
Stimulate FSH Stimulate Ll-l
Ftennplnr Eecaeptur
lnhibin

Estradinl Surge
Stimulate Tenle LH releeee
Follicle Growth mainlaines CL

Corpus Lutetium
=='1*=t1r Initiilt-E5 formation
Follicle nllicl Df :L
Growth *IJ 'Ovulation
Graafian E nurse: httl;:',","1.l'etel'i no rjr-clnline. l::=lc:gsp»c:rt.l:»nm.."2 [l1E.."12,"s-e::L|a|-l:3,r4::|12-i|1-
Diary FDIlil.TIE'
I...-'- ['tI'?3
-§'1~l
I

u*.l,l,'
l* E!*it*
-
:é 11
'-.
I
'I-l"I

.
VISAYAS
3-Lihll; Lllll+-ll'!IFLlrk5-I I 1'
 Regulation of the Estrous Cycle
Hip-nthalamus

GnasH

Anterior pituitary

F§H LH
Inhibin
_ i
~lLl' Ovaries *
Follicle growth -41 ----------a- Ovulation

CDFPUS lute um

'lr
Estradiol PFDgE5tE one

\é!§8§&?>S
...I ' l l ' l

.Q
 One Estrous Cycle

_
l
l
Estrogen
Progesterone
LH
FSH

1 9 ED as I LJ nu l I

§§.&%@ &%¢?¢§&
.an
.=*%`_ .__. gWLE
.

'L-»'J`
I

VISAYAS
TT I-I',_111 _
_.- l
.up

_.
. ..p

'7' 4

3-1 .Fil L up~uuu-Lia 4 `4`

m
-I
 .¢"~IE\I'q'3
_ _ -"I
.H+ "E1 an
l
I.,
'p-
'I
..
l

Ll.

*uriEl"
-l

l'1.
Ha'
'

"|
I
. . | ' '|

VISAYAS
Alan. lIJII+-ll'!IFLlrlil ,| `4`
 Postpartum Estrus and Ovulation
Postpartum anestrus is affected by
Environmental, genetic, physiologic, & metabolic
breed, strain, nutritional level, suckling, milk
production, frequency of milking, etc
O Rate of uterine involution, rate of development of
ovarian follicles, level of gonadotropins (other
hormones), body weight, energy intake
O Degree of mammary stimulation and nutritional
status of the dam - late gestation and early lactation

What is the impact of delayed return to estrus?

-£~*l"*"+-:»
u E! |

=1:e»
VISAYAS
3-MH: Ull+-ll'liLlrL§-I I 1'
 Postpartum Estrus and Ovulation
Postpartum anestrus is affected by
Wild animals - well-define breeding season (when
both sexes have sexual activity)
Domestic animals - variable
Cattle & swine: no seasonality
Sheep, horses, goats: seasonal & varies in duration

Examples
Fertility in the sow - lower in the summer, litter size
is else smaller
Third quarter reproductive syndrome

-£=LI!5I'w
.H+ E
l

HJ'

*uT'.P"
l l

It

I
an VISAYAS
2l-HH: lIJll+-ll'liLII'lI1-I I 1'
 Aging and Fertility
Herd fertility - a measure of the pregnancy rate and
the litter size
Increases after puberty, maximum rate, decreasing end
Maximal pregnancy rates rd th
Sows: 3-4 years (particularly 3 4 and 5 pregnancies)
Ewes: 4-6 years (twinning rates increases up to 6-7 yrs)
Cows: 5-7 years
O Ages domestic animals
Decrease: ovulation and fertilization rates
Increase: embryonic mortality, stillbirth, pospartum losses
Factors involved
Poor egg or sperm quality, aging uterus
Endocrine failure
n

-aL-"*iI
E E! as
u' ar-
VISAYAS
3-MH: Ll5ll+-ll'liLlrL§-I I `4`
 THANKYOU!

VISAYAS
STATE UNIVERSITY

Dr. Sarttiaga T. Pena, Jr t , DIM, PhD, DPCSP

Dean, College of Veterinary Medicine
Visayan State University
e: Santiago.penajr-@vau.edu.ph
p: +63 917 127 6.700

. -&""'*pa
ET'u-m In .1
11 .1:*
- VISAYAS
3-HH: Ll5l'*-ll'¥LII'I.i1-I I `4`