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Chemnotes
Chemnotes
1. Atomic Structure:
- Atoms are the building blocks of matter and consist of a nucleus (containing
protons and neutrons) surrounded by electrons.
- Elements are identified by the number of protons in their nuclei, known as the
atomic number.
- Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
2. Chemical Bonding:
- Ionic bonds form between atoms that transfer electrons, resulting in the
formation of ions.
- Covalent bonds occur when atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron
configuration.
- Metallic bonds involve the sharing of electrons in a "sea" of delocalized
electrons within a metal structure.
3. Chemical Reactions:
- Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms to form new substances.
- Reactants are the starting materials, while products are the resulting
substances.
- The law of conservation of mass states that mass is conserved during a chemical
reaction.
5. Organic Chemistry:
- Organic chemistry focuses on the study of carbon-containing compounds.
- Functional groups, such as hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O), determine the
properties and reactivity of organic compounds.
These are just a few random notes to give you a glimpse of various chemistry
topics. Chemistry is a vast field, so it's essential to refer to your specific
class materials and textbooks for a more comprehensive understanding of the subject
matter.