CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 - Morphology of Flowering Plants Important Questions 2022-23

Important Questions for Class 11
Biology
Chapter 5 - Morphology of Flowering Plants
1 Mark
1. Which part of opuntia is modified to form spines?

Ans: Leaves of opuntia are modified to form spines.
2. Name one plant in which the leaf is pinnately compound.

Ans: Neem is the plant where leaves are pinnately compound.
3. In mangroves, Pneumatophores are the modified adventitious roots How are

these roots helpful to plants?
Ans: In mangroves, Pneumatophores are helpful in respiration.
4. Which part of mango fruit is edible?

Ans: Mesocarp of the mango fruit is edible.
5. Why do the various plants have different types of phyllotaxy?

Ans: Various plants have different types of phyllotaxy (arrangement of leaves on an
axis or stem) for proper exposure of leaves to get sunlight.
6. State the main function of leaf tendril.
Class XI Biology www.vedantu.com 1

Ans: The main function of the leaf tendril is to help the plant for climbing.
7. Which plant family represents the following floral formula.
Ans: The following floral formula is represented by the family Liliaceae.
8. The endosperm is formed as a result of double fertilisation (triple fusion).

What is its function?
Ans: The function of the endosperm is to store the food.
9. Which type of venation do you observe in the dicot leaf?

Ans: Reticulate venation is observed in the dicot leaf.
10. In pea flower, the a in corolla is known as vexillary. Give a reason.

Ans: Peas have five petals. The largest (standard) petal covers the two lateral (wing)
petals that overlap the two smallest anterior petals in a series of overlaps (keel).
11. What is the name given to the cotyledon in the case of Monocots?
Ans: Scutellum is the name given to the cotyledon in the case of Monocots.
12. Name one monocot & one dicot in which endosperm is present?
Ans: One monocot and one dicot in which endosperm is present: -
i. Monocot: - Maize grain

ii. Dicot: - Castor oilseed.
13. Why is date palm referred to as dioecious?

Ans: Date palm is referred to as dioecious because male & female flowers are borne
on different plants.
14. What is placentation?

Ans: Placentation refers to the arrangement of the ovules within the ovary.
15. Write the floral formula of Brassica Campestris.

Ans: The floral formula of Brassica campestris is:
16. Why are cucumber flowers referred to as epigynous?

Ans: Flowers of cucumber are referred to as epigynous because the floral parts lie
above the ovary and the ovary is inferior.
17. What is false fruit?

Ans: A false fruit is derived when the floral parts other than the ovary take part in
the formation of fruit and become edible. It is also known as pseudocarp or accessory
fruit.
18. What is the term used for a plant bearing both male & female flowers?

Ans: A plant bearing both male and female flowers is termed a monoecious flower.
19. What are runners?

Ans: A runner is defined as a long creeping stem with long internodes that runs
horizontally on the surface of the soil.
20. Why are flowers of mustard referred to as hypogynous?

Ans: Flowers of mustard are referred to as hypogynous because the ovary is situated
at the top and the other three whorls are inserted below the pistil.
21. Name the two layers of the seed coat.

Ans: The two layers of seed coat are testa (outer seed coat) and tegmen (inner seed
coat).
22. Which family has characteristically a swollen axile placenta?

Ans: Family Solanaceae has characteristically a swollen axile placenta.
23. Why is the root system poorly developed in aquatic plants?

Ans: As there is no soil to anchor aquatic plants firmly, water absorption occurs
through diffusion, and thus the root system is not fully developed.
24. Name two plants where seeds do not have endosperm?

Ans: Beans and peas are two plants whose seeds lack endosperm.

25. Which plant part has given rise to the following modifications: - (a) Spines
of opuntia (b) Pitcher of Nepenthes.
Ans: The plant part has given rise to the following modifications: -
a) Spines of opuntia: - Modified stem
b) Pitcher of Nepenthes: - Modified leaf.
26. Why is the leaf of Neem called unipinnately compound.

Ans: Leaf of Neem is called unipinnately compound because leaflets are found in
pairs on either side of the rachis.
2 Marks
1. Flower is a modified shoot. Justify.
Ans: The flower is considered to be a modified shoot because the internodes in a
flower are highly condensed and therefore the number of appendages like sepals,
petals, stamens, and carpels is generally large.
2. Name the type of root for the following:

a) Roots performing the function of photosynthesis.
Ans: Assimilatory roots
b) Roots come above the surface of the soil to absorb air.

Ans: Respiratory roots
c) The pillar-like roots develop from lateral branches for providing

mechanical support.
Ans: Prop roots

d) Roots coming out of the lower nodes of the stem and provide support to
the plant.
Ans: Stilt roots
3. Fill up the blank spaces (a), (b), (c) and (d) in the table given below:
Type of Position of calyx, corolla and androecium in Type of

flower respect of the ovary on the thalamus ovary
Hypogynou a. ……………. Superior

s
Perigynous On the rim of the thalamus almost on the name b. ………

level of the ovary. …….
c. ………. d. …………. Inferior
Ans:
a) Floral parts are situated just below the ovary
b) Half inferior
c) Epigynous
d) Floral parts are situated just above the ovary
4. Provide the scientific terms for the following:

i. The leaf without a petiole (stalk).
Ans: Sessile Leaf

ii. The flat and expanded portion of a leaf.
Ans: Lamina or leaf blade
iii. An orderly arrangement of leaves on the node.

Ans: Phyllotaxy
iv. Lateral appendages on either side c the loaf.

Ans: Stipules
5. What is Rhizome? Give two examples.

Ans: The rhizome is a prostrate and a thickened underground stem having distinct
nodes, internodes, scales, leaves as well as buds. It creeps horizontally under the
ground. Example: Ginger and turmeric.
6. Differentiate between epigynous and perigynous flowers.

Ans: The difference between epigynous and perigynous flowers are: -
Epigynous flowers Perigynous flowers
i. The thalamus is cup-shaped and i. The thalamus is a cup-shaped

is fused with the ovary so that structure around the ovary but is
floral parts rise on the top of the not fused and bears sepals, petals
ovary. and stamens.
ii. The ovary is inferior. Example: - ii. The ovary is half inferior.
Apple and cucumber. Example: - Rose.

7. Give a reason to justify that the onion bulb is a modified stem?
Ans: The onion bulb is modified, highly condensed and disc-like. It possesses a large
number of fleshy scale leaves, terminal buds as well as auxiliary buds. A cluster of
adventitious roots is present on the lower posterior side. A cluster of adventitious
roots is found on the lower posterior side.
8. What is the difference between alternate & whorled phyllotaxy.

Ans: The difference between alternate and whorled phyllotaxy is:
Alternate phyllotaxy Whorled phyllotaxy
i. At each node, only one leaf i. At each node, more than two
appears. leaves appear.
ii. Leaves appear alternately on the ii. Leaves grow in whorls from a
left and right sides of the stem. single point.
iii. For example, China rose and iii. For example, Nerium.
mango.
9. Define venation? What are two types of venations?

Ans: Venation refers to the arrangement of veins in the leaf lamina. Venations are
of the following two types: -
a) Parallel venation: - When veins are arranged parallel to each other on the
lamina.
b) Reticulate venation: - When veins form a network on leaf lamina.
10. Why is the leaf of Bombax categorized as a palmately compound

multifoliate leaf?
Ans: Bombax leaf is regarded as palmately compound multifoliate leaf because the
petiole in pinnately compound leaf bears leaflets in its tips. In Bombax, five or more

leaflets are articulated on a long axis. The shape of the leaf is similar to the palm of
a hand. This type of leaf is known as digitate.
11. Explain with suitable examples the different types of phyllotaxy.

Ans: Phyllotaxy refers to the pattern or organization of leaves on a stem or branch.
Alternate, whorled and opposite phyllotaxy are the three forms of phyllotaxy.
i. Alternate Phyllotaxy: - In alternate phyllotaxy, a single leaf grows from a

branch node. Example: Sunflowers, mustards, and peepal.
ii. Opposite phyllotaxy: - Plants with opposite phyllotaxy have two leaves that
grow from the same node in opposite directions. Example: Guava and Jamun
plants.
iii. Whorled phyllotaxy: - Plants with whorled phyllotaxy have three or more
leaves that grow from a single node. Example: Alstonia and Nerium.
12. “Flower is a modified shoot.” justify the statement.

Ans: The flower is considered to be a modified shoot because the internodes in a
flower are highly condensed and therefore the number of appendages like sepals,
petals, stamens, and carpels is generally large.
13. Distinguish between prop root and stilt roots.

Ans: The difference between prop root and stilt roots are:
Prop Root Stilt Root
i. It arises from horizontal branches of i. It arises from the basal nodes of

a free stem. the stem.

ii. Long roots that provide support to ii. Short roots that grow
plant-like pillars. downward obliquely to provide
support to the stem, just like a
tent rope.
iii. Example: Banyan tree. iii. Example: Maize and Jowar.
14. What is inflorescence? What are its two types?

Ans: The arrangement of groups or clusters of flowers on the floral axis is called an
inflorescence. Inflorescence are of two main types: -
i. Racemose inflorescence: - In racemose inflorescence, the main axis continues
to grow and produces flowers laterally. The flowers are arranged in an
acropetal succession which means that older flowers are at the base and
younger flowers are at the tip.
ii. Cymose inflorescence: - The primary axis (floral axis) of a cymose

inflorescence stops in a flower, limiting its expansion. The blooms are
arranged in a basipetal pattern, with the elder flowers at the top and the
younger flowers at the bottom.
15. Draw the floral formula & floral diagram of the family Solanaceae.
Ans:
i. The floral formula of family Solanaceae: -
ii. Floral diagram of family Solanaceae: -

16. Differentiate between true fruit & false fruit.
Ans: The below-given table shows the difference between true fruit and false fruit:-
True Fruit False Fruit
i. It arises from the ovary. i. It arises from floral parts other than
the ovary.
ii. No other part is involved in the ii. Thalamus and perianth are
formation of fruit. involved in fruit formation.
iii. For example, pea. iii. For example, apples.
17. Write the floral formula & draw the floral diagram of the family Liliaceae.
Ans.
i. The floral formula of family Liliaceae: -

ii. Floral diagram of family Liliaceae: -
18. “Underground parts of a plant are not always roots” justify the statement.
Ans: Normally, roots grow beneath the ground. But, in the potato, the stem is
modified into a tuber-like structure for the storage of reserve food material. These
stem tubers develop and grow under the ground. Potato is a stem because it has scale
leaves, nodes, buds etc.
19. How would you differentiate leaflets of a compound leaf from simple leaves
on a branch?
Ans: The difference between the leaflets of a compound leaf and simple leaves on a
branch are:
Simple Leaf Compound Leaf
i. There are no distinct lobes or i. The lamina is made up of two or

leaflets in the lamina. more leaflets.

ii. A simple leaf has an axillary ii. The entire leaf has a bud in the
bud in its axil. axil.
iii. Simple leaves grow in acropetal iii. The leaflets of a compound leaf
succession on the stem. are not arranged in acropetal
succession.
iv. The base of the simple leaf may iv. Stipules may be present at the base
have stipules of a compound leaf.
v. Simple leaves appear in one or v. Leaflets in a compound leaf only

more planes. exist in one plane only.
20. Draw a well-labelled diagram of V.S. of maize seed.
Ans:

21. Write differences between phyllode & phylloclade.
Ans: The difference between phyllode and phylloclade are:
Phyllode Phylloclade
i. Phyllode is a modification of i. Phylloclade is a modification of a

petiole. stem.
ii. Bears a bud in its axil. ii. Developed in the axil of the leaf.
iii. Nodes and internodes are iii. Nodes and internodes are not
found. found.
iv. Does not possess leaves and iv. Has reduced bristles, spiny leaves
flowers. and flowers.
3 Marks
1. Observe the given figure showing various types of placentation. Identify the
type of placentation. Give one example of each.
Ans: The type of placentation is: -

a) Marginal placentation: - Pea
b) Parietal placentation: - Argemone

c) Free central placentation: - Dianthus Primrose
2. Potato is a stem and a sweet potato is a root. Justify the statement on the basis
of external features.
Ans: The stem of the potato has been modified to store food, and these modifications
are known as stolon. The ends of the stolon swell to form tubers which is a swollen
stem. Potato tubers have buds that sprout stems and leaves from them, whereas
potato roots lack these characteristics. It has nodes (eyes) that are made up of one or
more buds that are covered by a leaf scar. During sprouting, adventitious roots
appear as well. On the other hand, sweet potato is a swollen adventitious root or
tuberous root. It does not possess nodes, internodes and buds like a stem.
3. Define aestivation. Which type of aestivation is found in China rose,

Calotropis, Gulmohar and pea?
Ans: The positional arrangement of petals or sepals in a floral bud before it is opened
is known as aestivation.
i. China rose: - Twisted
ii. Calotropis: - Valvate

iii. Gulmohar: - Imbricate
iv. Pea: - Vexillary
4. Explain the different types of phyllotaxy. Give one example of each type.
Ans: The pattern or arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch is referred to as
phyllotaxy. There are three types of phyllotaxy: alternate, opposite, and whorled.
i. Alternate Phyllotaxy: - In alternate phyllotaxy, a single leaf grows from a
branch node. Example: Sunflowers, mustards, and peepal.

ii. Opposite phyllotaxy: - Plants with opposite phyllotaxy have two leaves that
grow from the same node in opposite directions. Example: Guava and Jamun
plants.
iii. Whorled phyllotaxy: - Plants with whorled phyllotaxy have three or more
leaves that grow from a single node. Example: Alstonia and NeriumAns.
5. Differentiate between:
a) Actinomorphic flower and Zygomorphic flower
b) Apocarpous ovary and Syncarpous ovary
c) Racemose inflorescence and Cymose inflorescence
Ans:
a) Actinomorphic flower and Zygomorphic flower
Actinomorphic flower Zygomorphic flower
i. The actinomorphic flower is a i. The zygomorphic flower is a

flower that has radial symmetry. flower that has bilateral
symmetry.
ii. It can be divided into two equal ii. It can be bisected into two equal
halves along any diameter. halves in one plane only.
iii. Example: Tulip and rose. iii. Example: Orchid and Gulmohar.
b) Apocarpous ovary and Syncarpous ovary
Apocarpous ovary Syncarpous ovary

i. In flowers with an apocarpous ovary, i. In flowers with a syncarpous
more than one carpel is present, but ovary, more than one carpel is
these carpels are distinct, i.e., present, but these carpels are
separate or unfused. fused.
ii. It produces an aggregate of fruit. ii. It only produces a single fruit

with one or more seeds.
iii. Example: Flowers of lotus, iii. Example: Flowers of tomato,

strawberry, rose, buttercup, etc. mustard, mango, coconut, etc.
c) Racemose inflorescence and Cymose inflorescence
Racemose inflorescence Cymose inflorescence
i. In racemose inflorescence, the i. In cymose inflorescence, the

main axis continues to grow and main axis (floral axis) terminates
produces flowers laterally. in a flower, hence is limited in
growth.
ii. The flowers are arranged in an ii. The flowers are arranged in a
acropetal succession which means basipetal manner which means
that older flowers are at the base that older flowers are at the tip
and younger flowers are at the tip. and younger flowers are at the
base.
iii. Example: Mustard and iii. Example: Drosera and Hamelia.

Snapdragon.
6. In the given structure of Monocotyledonous seed label the part a, b, c, d, e.

Give the function of part ‘a’.

Ans:
a) Endosperm
b) Scutellum
c) Coleoptile
d) Coleorhiza
e) Aleurone layer

Endosperm's Function: - Throughout seed development and germination, the
endosperm facilitates embryonic growth by delivering nutrients, shielding the
embryo, and limiting embryo development by serving as a mechanical barrier.
7. Describe the parts of a typical angiosperm leaf?

Ans: The parts of a typical angiospermic foliage leaf are as follows: -
i. Leaf Base: -This is the region of the stem from which the leaf grows. Its
primary function is to connect the leaf to the stem or branch.
ii. Petiole: - The stalk of a leaf is referred to as the petiole. Petiolate leaves are
those that have a petiole. Some leaves, like the banyan leaf, may be devoid of
petioles.
iii. Lamina: - The green, flattened part of the leaf attached to the petiole is referred
to as the lamina. It is responsible for photosynthesis, respiration, and
transpiration. In the middle of the lamina, there is a midrib. The midrib of a

compound leaf is referred to as the rachis. In different types of leaves, the
lamina is of different shapes and sizes.
8. Differentiate between a maize grain and a bean seed?

Ans: The difference between a maize grain and a bean seed are:
Maize Grain Bean Seed
i. Maize grain is a single-seeded fruit i. Bean seed is a true seed that

called the caryopsis. develops inside a fruit called a
pod or legume.
ii. The fruit wall, also known as the ii. The fruit wall or pericarp is
pericarp, is fused with the testa. testa-free.
iii. There is only one seed coat that is iii. Seed coats are divided into two
fused to the pericarp and is types: testa and tegmen. They
inseparable. are fused.

iv. The maize grain is endospermic iv. The bean seed is non-
endospermic.
v. The maize grain has no hilum, v. The chalaza, hilum and

micropyle and chalaza. micropyle are present in bean
seed.
vi. Ridge like raphe is absent. vi. The raphe is present.
vii. The plumule and radical are vii. There is no such protective
protected by different sheaths coating around the plumule and
known as coleoptile and radical.
coleorhiza, respectively.
viii. The cotyledon is an absorbing viii. Cotyledons are nothing more

structure that absorbs nutrients than food storage organs.
from the endosperm and transports
it to the embryo.
9. Describe the arrangement of floral members in relation to their insertion on

the thalamus.
Ans: The position of the calyx, corolla, and androecium in reference to the ovary on
the thalamus is used to classify flowers into three categories:
a) Hypogynous Flowers: The gynoecium is at the top of the flower while the rest
of the whorls lie below it. Example: - Mustard, China rose, etc.
b) Perigynous Flowers: The gynoecium is in the centre while the rest of the
whorls of the flower are situated on the rim of the thalamus. They all lie almost
at the same level. The ovary is half inferior. Example: Plum and rose.
c) Epigynous Flowers: - The margins of the thalamus grow upwards enclosing

the ovary completely. The rest of the whorls of the flower arise above the
ovary. The ovary is inferior. Example: Guava, sunflower and Cucumber.

10. How is a herbaceous stem different from a woody stem?
Ans: The difference between herbaceous stem and woody stem are:
Herbaceous Stem Woody Stem
i. Annual or biennial, with a short i. It is always perennial and long-

lifespan. lived.
ii. Herbaceous stems are green, soft ii. Woody stems are brown or
and fleshy. It does not break on greyish and hard. It breaks on
bending. bending.
iii. The outer covering is formed by iii. A corky layer or bark replaces
the protecting superficial layer the epidermis.
epidermis.

iv. Stomata are present along its entire iv. For gaseous exchange, it
length for gaseous exchange. develops lenticels, which are
dot-like pores.
v. Buds are commonly naked. v. Buds are commonly protected

by scales.
vi. They are made up of primary, vi. They are made up of secondary,
permanent tissues. permanent tissues.
11. How do various leaf modifications help plants?

Ans: Photosynthesis, transpiration, and respiration are the three basic functions of
leaves. Apart from these functions, the leaves have to perform other functions too.
As a result, leaves modify themselves in the following ways:
i. Tendrils: In some plants, the entire leaf or a portion of it is transformed into

a coiled thread-like structure known as a tendril. Tendrils help plants in
climbing. Example: Peas and clematis.
ii. Spines: - In many plants, the leaves are modified into thin sharp and pointed
structures called spines. They play a major role in defence. Example: Opuntia
and Yucca.
iii. Scale Leaves: - Onions have predominantly fleshy scale leaves.
iv. Pitcher: It is an adaptation of an insectivorous plant, in which the lamina takes

the shape of a pitcher and the apex takes the shape of a lid to capture the
insects. The inside walls of the pitcher have several digestive glands. These
glands release a fluid that helps in the digestion of insects. Example:
Nepenthes.
v. Phyllode: The petiole of some plants, such as Australian Acacia, turns green,
flattens, and resembles a leaf.

12. Differentiate between Tuber & Bulb.
Ans: The difference between Tuber and Bulb are:
Tuber (Potato) Bulb (Onion)
i. The stem is well developed in the i. The stem is reduced to a disc-like

tuber. structure in the bulb.
ii. Adventitious roots are absent in ii. Adventitious roots are present in
tuber. the bulb.
iii. Potato plants can bear numerous iii. In a single onion plant, just one
tubers. bulb grows.
iv. In the tuber, food is stored in the iv. In the bulb, food is stored in
stem. fleshy scale leaves.
v. Buds are external. v. Buds are internal.
vi. Distinct nodes and internodes vi. Nodes and internodes are not
are present. distinct.
vii. In the nodal region, scale leaves vii. Scale leaves are fleshy.
are quite tiny.
viii. The tuber (potato) is a total stem. viii. The bulb (onion) is a shoot.
13. Give four types of underground stem and give examples for each.
Ans: Four types of underground stems are: -
i. Rhizome: - The stem is thickened, prostate, and grows horizontally beneath

the soil. The stem is branched & each branch ends in the terminal bud.

Adventitious roots arise in profusion. Example: - Fern, water lily, turmeric
etc.
ii. Bulb: - Highly condensed & discoidal stem. Terminal bud in the centre
produces an aerial root that produces flowers. From the base of the stem
adventitious roots develop. Leaves store food material. Terminal buds and
scale leaves are present. Example: - Onion and garlic.
iii. Corm: - A condensed form of rhizome with auxiliary buds & scale leaves. It
is known to be the swollen base of the underground stem axis. Nodes and
internodes are present. Example: - Jimikand, Saffron, Colocasia.
iv. Tuber: - It grows horizontally and swells at the apex. Adventitious roots arise
during sprouting. It has numerous buds that develop into new plants. Example:
- Potato, Helianthus.
14. Compare Trailer, runner and sucker.

Ans: The difference between the trailer, runner and sucker are:
Trailer Runner Sucker
i. Semi aerial creeping stem. Prostate, sub-aerial Underground and non-

It does not have roots at stem. It is green and green stems.
intervals. roots are present at
intervals.
ii. The trailer does not A runner does not Suckers help in
participate in perennation. participate in perennation.
perennation.
iii. No help in vegetative Helps in vegetative Helps in vegetative

propagation. propagation. propagation.

15. What do you mean by “modification of roots”? Describe some of the
modifications of tap roots giving suitable examples.
Ans: The root is a part of the plant that grows beneath the ground. It absorbs water
and minerals from the soil and serves as a strong anchor for the plant.
The roots of some plants change shapes and are modified to absorb water and
minerals from the soil. It transports them to different parts of the plant. They are also
modified for providing support, storing food, and to perform respiration. These are
called modifications of roots. The modifications of taproots include: -
a) Fusiform root: - This root is swollen in the centre and tapers towards both
ends. Example: - Radish.
b) Napiform root: This root's shape becomes almost spherical and tapers towards
the apex. Example: - Turnip.
c) Conical root: - The shape becomes cone-like i.e., broad at the base and conical
at the apex. Example: - Carrot.
d) Tuberous root: - It is a swollen root having no distinct shape. It appears thick
and fleshy. Example: - Mirabilis, Trichosanthes.
16. What is aestivation? What are its different types and give examples?
Ans: Aestivation is the positional arrangement of sepals or petals in a floral bud.
Different types of aestivations are: -
a) Valvate Aestivation: - Petals or sepals meet each other at the edge. They are
arranged without overlapping. Example: - Guava and mustard.
b) Twisted Aestivation: - The overlapping of petals or sepals is done by one

margin of each petal over the margin of adjacent petals. Example: - China
Rose and cotton.
c) Imbricate Aestivation: -The margins of sepals and petals overlap. They do not
overlap in a specific direction. Example: - Cassia and Gulmohar.
d) Quincuncial Aestivation: - The arrangement in which out of five parts of the

flower, two petals or sepals are positioned internally, two petals or sepals are

positioned externally, and the fifth part is situated externally at the margin.
Example: - Guava.
e) Vexillary Aestivation: - There are five petals. The largest petal overlaps the 2
lateral petals which successively overlap the 2 smallest anterior petals.
Example: - Bean and pea.
17. Describe the sub-aerial modifications of the stem.

Ans: The primary function of sub-aerial stem modification is vegetative
propagation. They are classified as follows: -
a) Runners: - These stems are long and thin, with branches. They creep along
with the ground and form roots at nodes. The mother plant produces a large
number of such branches, which spread out in all directions. They may break
off and start living as independent plants. Example: - Oxalis and doob grass.

b) Stolon: - Stolon is a thin lateral branch that emerges from the base of the stem.
It grows upward and then bends down, developing roots at the tip and
producing a bud. The bud develops into a new plant. Example: - Mint and
strawberry.
c) Offset: - Offset is a thickened horizontal branch that emerges from the axil of
a lower leaf. It is a short branch with a cluster of leaves above and tufts of
roots below. The offset can detach from the mother plant and begin living on
its own. Example: - water hyacinth and Water lettuce.
d) Sucker: - The sucker is a lateral branch that grows from the underground
portion of the stem. It grows obliquely upward and directly produces new
plants. Example: - Banana and pineapple.
18. What are the different modifications of adventitious roots? Explain with
examples.
Ans: Modifications of adventitious roots are: -
a) Tuberous root: It is a swollen root with no specific shape. Example: - Sweet

potato.
b) Fasciculated root: - It is a cluster of tuberous roots that emerges from the same
location. They have a specific shape. Example: - Dahlia and Asparagus.
c) Beaded root: These roots have swollen parts that appear at regular intervals.
Example: - Portulaca and Vitis.
d) Prop root: These are pillar-like roots. They hang vertically downward from an
aerial branch of a plant. Example: - Banyan tree.
e) Stilt root: - The roots are short and grow obliquely from near the base of the
main stem. They give the stem stability and support. Example: - Sugarcane,
maize and sorghum.
f) Parasitic root: These roots penetrate the host cells and absorb nutrients from
the host tree. Example: - Cuscuta.
g) Assimilatory root: Adventitious roots of some plants turn green to perform

photosynthesis and are referred to as assimilatory roots. Example: - Tinospora
and Trapa.

5 Marks
1. Describe various stem modifications associated with food storage, climbing
and protection.
Ans: Stem modification for food storage: -
a) Rhizome: - The stem is thickened, prostate, and grows horizontally beneath

the soil. The stem is branched & each branch ends in the terminal bud.
Adventitious roots arise in profusion. Example: - Fern, water lily, turmeric
etc.
b) Bulb: - Highly condensed & discoidal stem. Terminal bud in the centre
produces an aerial root that produces flowers. From the base of the stem
adventitious roots develop. Leaves store food material. Terminal buds and
scale leaves are present. Example: - Onion and garlic.
c) Corm: - A condensed form of rhizome with auxiliary buds & scale leaves. It
is the swollen base of the underground stem axis. Nodes and internodes are
present. Example: - Jimikand, Saffron, Colocasia.
d) Tuber: - It grows horizontally and swells at the apex. Adventitious roots arise
during sprouting. It has numerous buds that develop into new plants. Example:
- Potato, Helianthus.
Stem modification for climbing: -
Tendril: The axillary bud of some plants becomes elongated and coiled to form
tendrils. Tendril coils around support, assisting the plant in climbing. Example: -
Grapevine and pumpkin.
Stem modification for Protection:
Thorn: A modified thorn is present in the leaf axil or on the apex of the stem. Thorns
protect the plant from grazing animals. Example: - Bougainvillea and citrus.
2. Give the distinguishing features of a gynoecium of the family Fabaceae,

Solanaceae and Liliaceae. Draw floral diagrams of Fabaceae and Solanaceae.
Ans: The distinguishing features of a gynoecium of the family Fabaceae,
Solanaceae and Liliaceae are:

Gynoecium Family Fabaceae Family Family Liliaceae
Features Solanaceae
Carpels Monocarpellary Bicarpellary Tricarpellary

Syncarpous Syncarpous
Ovary Ovary superior Ovary superior Ovary superior
Ovules Unilocular with Bilocular Trilocular with many

many ovules ovules
Style Style Single Simple Simple but united or

separated
Stigma Simple and Capitate Simple and lobe Free / Fused trilobed
Placentation Marginal Axile Two-many ovules in

Placentation Placentation each locule

3. Describe the various types of placentation found in flowering plants &
represent them diagrammatically.
Ans: The following are the different types of placentation is found in flowering
plants: -
a) Marginal Placentation: The ovary has one chamber and the ovules are located
along the ovary's margin. Example: - Pea and Gram.
b) Parietal Placentation: - Ovary is chambered, and the ovules are located at the
fusion level of carpels. Example: -Mustard.
c) Axile Placentation:- The ovary has many chambers and the ovules are attached
to the central column. Example: - Onion and lemon.
d) Free Central Placentation: - One chambered ovary with many ovules in the
centre. Example: - Dianthus and Primula.
e) Basal Placentation: - Ovary is one chambered, and ovules develop on the
thalamus. Example: - Sunflower.
f) Superficial Placentation: - The ovary is multilocular and syncarpous. Ovules
grow on the minor surface of the ovary. Example: - Nymphaea.

4. What is a flower? Describe the parts of typical angiosperm plants with the
help of a diagram.
Ans: The flower is a modified shoot with nodes and modified floral leaves. The parts
of typical angiosperm plants are: -
i. Calyx (Sepals): - It is the green outer whorl of the flower. The members of the
calyx are termed as sepals. It is a leaf-like structure. It performs an important
role in the protection of the flower in the bud stage. It may be ‘polysepalous’
i.e., sepals free or ‘gamosepalous’ i.e., sepals united.
ii. Corolla (Petals): - It is the second whorl of the flower situated inside the
sepals. The petals are usually bright and colourful. The insects are attracted to
the brightly coloured petals so they add in pollination. The lower, stalk-like
portion of the petal is known as a claw. The upper, extended portion is known
as a limb.

iii. Androecium (male reproductive part): - Androecium, a male reproductive part
of a flower, consists of the stamen. Each stamen is made up of two parts:
Filament and Anther.
a) Anther: - It is a bilobed structure. Each anther lobe contains two pollen sacs.
Pollen sacs produce pollen grains.
b) Filament: - It is a stalk-like structure by which anther lobes are attached is
called a filament.
iv. Gynoecium (female reproductive part): - It is made up of one or more carpels.

A carpel consists of 3 parts: - Stigma, Style and Ovary.
a) Stigma: - Stigma is the uppermost part of the pistil and is the receptive surface
for pollen grains.
b) Style: - It is a stalk-like structure that connects the stigma to the ovary.
c) Ovary: - The basal part that bears one or more ovules attached to a flattened
cushion-like placenta.

5. Describe the aerial modifications of the stem.
Ans: The aerial modifications of the stem are: -
a) Stem Tendril: - Stem tendrils are thin, leafless, slender-like and spirally coiled
structures that develop from axillary buds. They help the plants such as
cucumber, watermelon, grapevine etc. to climb.
b) Stem Thorn: - sometimes the axillary buds grow into hard, woody straight &
pointed structures called thorns. It arises in the axil of the leaf or at the tip of the
branch. Sometimes thorn bears leave also. Example: - Citrus, Bougainvillea etc.
c) Phylloclade: - It is the green flattened or cylindrical stem that takes the form and
function of the leaf. They contain chlorophyll & carry photosynthesis. They
have many nodes & internodes. Their actual leaves are scales or shortened
spines. It is commonly found in xerophytic plants. Example: - Opuntia,
epiphyllum etc.
d) Cladode: - This is a phylloclade of limited growth which develops, from the

node of the stem or branch and in the axil of a scale leaf. Cladodes are green flat
and leaf-like structures that carry on photosynthesis. Example: - Asparagus,
Ruscus, etc.
e) Bulbils: - This is a modified vegetative or floral bud meant for the production
of a new plant. It detaches itself from its mother plant and grows into an
independent plant. Example: - Oxalis, Agave americana, Lilium.

CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 - Morphology of Flowering Plants Important Questions 2022-23

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CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 - Morphology of Flowering Plants Important Questions 2022-23

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Important Questions for Class 11

Chapter 5 - Morphology of Flowering Plants

1. Which part of opuntia is modified to form spines?

2. Name one plant in which the leaf is pinnately compound.

3. In mangroves, Pneumatophores are the modified adventitious roots How are

4. Which part of mango fruit is edible?

5. Why do the various plants have different types of phyllotaxy?

6. State the main function of leaf tendril.

Class XI Biology www.vedantu.com 1

7. Which plant family represents the following floral formula.

Ans: The following floral formula is represented by the family Liliaceae.

8. The endosperm is formed as a result of double fertilisation (triple fusion).

9. Which type of venation do you observe in the dicot leaf?

10. In pea flower, the a in corolla is known as vexillary. Give a reason.

i. Monocot: - Maize grain

Class XI Biology www.vedantu.com 2

13. Why is date palm referred to as dioecious?

14. What is placentation?

15. Write the floral formula of Brassica Campestris.

16. Why are cucumber flowers referred to as epigynous?

17. What is false fruit?

Class XI Biology www.vedantu.com 3

19. What are runners?

20. Why are flowers of mustard referred to as hypogynous?

21. Name the two layers of the seed coat.

22. Which family has characteristically a swollen axile placenta?

23. Why is the root system poorly developed in aquatic plants?

24. Name two plants where seeds do not have endosperm?

Class XI Biology www.vedantu.com 4

a) Spines of opuntia: - Modified stem

b) Pitcher of Nepenthes: - Modified leaf.

26. Why is the leaf of Neem called unipinnately compound.

2. Name the type of root for the following:

b) Roots come above the surface of the soil to absorb air.

c) The pillar-like roots develop from lateral branches for providing

Class XI Biology www.vedantu.com 5

Type of Position of calyx, corolla and androecium in Type of

Hypogynou a. ……………. Superior

Perigynous On the rim of the thalamus almost on the name b. ………

c. ………. d. …………. Inferior

4. Provide the scientific terms for the following:

Class XI Biology www.vedantu.com 6

iii. An orderly arrangement of leaves on the node.

iv. Lateral appendages on either side c the loaf.

5. What is Rhizome? Give two examples.

6. Differentiate between epigynous and perigynous flowers.

Epigynous flowers Perigynous flowers

i. The thalamus is cup-shaped and i. The thalamus is a cup-shaped

Class XI Biology www.vedantu.com 7

8. What is the difference between alternate & whorled phyllotaxy.

Alternate phyllotaxy Whorled phyllotaxy

9. Define venation? What are two types of venations?

10. Why is the leaf of Bombax categorized as a palmately compound

Class XI Biology www.vedantu.com 8

11. Explain with suitable examples the different types of phyllotaxy.

i. Alternate Phyllotaxy: - In alternate phyllotaxy, a single leaf grows from a

12. “Flower is a modified shoot.” justify the statement.

13. Distinguish between prop root and stilt roots.

Prop Root Stilt Root

i. It arises from horizontal branches of i. It arises from the basal nodes of

Class XI Biology www.vedantu.com 9

iii. Example: Banyan tree. iii. Example: Maize and Jowar.

14. What is inflorescence? What are its two types?

ii. Cymose inflorescence: - The primary axis (floral axis) of a cymose