Government Engineering College – Rajkot

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to articulate our gratitude to our project guide Prof. Uttamkumar Bhuva
who has always been our motivation for carrying out the project and we are extremely thankful
to them for giving us proper guidance.
An assemblage of this nature could never be attempted without reference to and
inspiration from the work of others whose details are mentioned in reference section.
I came to know about so many new things I am really thankful to them. Secondly I would
also like to thanks my friends who helped me lot in finalizing this project within the limited time
frame.
Our thanks and appreciations also go to our respondents who willingly helped with their
full cooperation which has made the research study achieve its smooth completion. We would
also like to give thanks for the time and knowledge that you have given us to conduct this
project. Lastly, we offer our regards and blessings to all of those who supported us in any respect
during the completion of the dissertation.

GE C – RAJKOT
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SR PAGE
CONTENTS
NO. NO.
ABSTRACT 1

1 INTRODUCTION 2

2 LITERATURE SURVEY 4

3 EXPERIMENTAL WORKING SCENARIO 6

4 COSTING 9

5 AEIOU CANVAS 10

6 MIND MAP CANVAS 12

7 EMPATHY CANVAS 13

8 IDEATION CANVAS 15

9 LNM CANVAS 17

10 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS 18

11 PROTOTYPE 20

12 RESULTS WITH CONCLUTION 22

13 REFERENCES 23
 ABSTRACT

This slide proposes the development of a DC motor device controlled from distance using
wireless technology with diverse applications in automotive industry. Microcontrollers are a
cheap solution and can provide a very easy control of a motor. The objective of this slide is to
create a system with constant speed and a given direction at any load conditions controlled by an
external device. In Industry DC motor is widely uses for speed control and load characteristics,
its easy controllability provide effective and precise output. So, application of DC motor is large
for commercial purpose. Speed control of DC motor is very crucial in application where required
speed is precision and correcting signal representing and to operate motor at constant speed.
Index Terms – Wireless Motor Controller, PWM Circuit, Arduino Circuit, Motor Controller

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1. INTRODUCTION
The title of our project is wireless motor controller. Nowadays, there are lots of good-
quality motor speed controls on the market. However, their costs are relatively high. A speed
control with both low cost and good performance will be highly marketable, especially for small
mobility applications. On the other hand, the wireless connectivity has a nature of low cost and
less environmental limitations.
We use DC Motors in many systems in our day to day life. For example, CPU fans, fume
extinguishers, toy cars etc. are all DC Motors which are operated by DC power supply. Most of
the times we will have to adjust the speed of the motors as per our requirement. A CPU Fan for
example, must be operated at high speed when the CPU is performing heavy tasks like games or
video editing. But for normal usage like editing documents, the speed of the fan can be reduced.
Although some systems have an automatic adjustment system for fan speed, not all systems
possess this functionality.
Now day’s electrification of vehicles are very important due to pollution issues. In
electric vehicles motor controller is used for to control the variable speed of dc motor. Control
the motor input according to acceleration and motor requirements. Wireless motor controller is
newly invented technology for EVs. In this controller less amount of wires are used.
Most of the industrial process requires to be run on the certain parameters where speed of
the drive is concerned. The electric drive systems used in many industrial applications require
higher performance, reliability, variable speed due to its ease of controllability. The speed
control of DC motor is important in applications where precision and protection are of essence.
Purpose of a motor speed controller is to take a signal representing the required speed and to
drive a motor at that speed.
PWM methods which are fulfill all requirements to speed control of DC motor. PWM
based speed control system consists of electronic components (integrated circuit, Potentiometer
etc.).The speed control of DC motor is important in applications where precision and protection
are of essence.

Speed Control Methods:

• Armature or Rheostat control method.
• Flux control method. It is seen that speed of the motor is inversely proportional to flux.
• Armature control method.
• Voltage Control Method.
• Variable resistance in series with armature.
• PWM Method.

Features:
• Able to control the speed of motor such as small motorized shopping cart, luggage cart,
electric golf bag cart
• Wireless connectivity
• Protection on potentially overloading motor
• Simple turning knob for speed control

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Advantages of Wireless Motor Controllers:
• Flexibility and Mobility
• Reduced Installation Costs
• Scalability
• Remote Control and Monitoring
• Improved Safety
• Enhanced System Integration
• It's important to note that while wireless motor controllers offer many advantages, there are
also considerations such as signal reliability, potential interference, and power consumption
that need to be taken into account when designing and implementing a wireless control
system.

Challenges and Limitations (Disadvantage):

• Signal Interference
• Limited Range
• Power Consumption
• Security Concerns
• Initial Setup and Configuration

Applications of Wireless Motor Controllers:

• Robotics
• Industrial Automation
• Agricultural Machinery
• Medical Devices

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2. LITERATURE SURVEY:
• DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING PWM TECHNIQUE K. Ravindra Sai, Ch. V.
D. Krishna Vamsi, V. Vijay Kumar, B. Pradeep Kumar & P. Sudheer
Methods of DC motor speed control are through varying supply voltage or varying field
flux with an external resistance in field circuit or varying armature voltage with a series armature
resistance. But, these methods have, many drawbacks like more energy is being wasted in
resistors. So, there is a need to look out for new methods of speed control of DC motors.
Although, the equipment used for controlling only changes but, the method doesn’t change. One
of the power electronic methods that can be useful in speed control of DC motors is the PULSE
WIDTH MODULATION (PWM) technique. In this project, we implemented PWM technique
to control the speed of DC motor, using a 555 IC timer and a mosfet. PWM technique needs two
independent waveforms vise, message wave and carrier wave, to give required output and to
perform control. The 555 timer output pulses are changed by a potentiometer and are used as
carrier waves and the supply voltage to the DC motor is used as the message wave.
This technique eliminates the major drawbacks that are present in the conventional
methods of speed control like the energy wastage and inaccuracy, slow operation, less efficiency
etc. this method has many advantages including the scope to use the circuit for automated
operations, high efficiency, accurate speeds can be achieved, quick responsive circuit etc. With
more and better modifications, this method of speed control of DC motors can be made to be
used in industrial applications and other places where speed control plays an important role. Now
a day PWM technique are using in fuzzy logic control system, so PWM method is very efficient
and reliable method to control the speed of motor so it’s future bright in the modern era with
fuzzy logic.

• “Closed loop Speed Control of DC Motor”, International Journal of Engineering

Trends and Technology, vol.3
In this paper, they used a Micro controller to Control the dc motor and an H-Bridge to control
the motor direction. The AT89S51 micro controller is employed. The AT89S51 is a CMOS 8- bit
micro controller with 4K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash memory that is low-power and
high-performance. The device is built using Atmel’s high-density Non-volatile memory
technology and supports the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. Theron-chip
Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or with a standard non-Volatile
memory programmer.

• “Wireless DC Motor Speed and Directional control using RF with Arduino (2017).” By
Hinsu Jay M.
This paper is similar to other papers but they used 8051 series micro controller. It can be
implemented using mat lab in industries. In our project we are using Arduino Nano which is
inbuilt with ATmega328P micro controller to control the Speed of the dc motor, the operation is
very easy and budget friendly. We write the Embedded C program and Dump into Arduino to
make the motor run and give the direction.

4
• Atul Kumar Dewangan, Nibbedita Chakraborty, Sashi Shukla, Vinod Yadu (2012),
have design a system, based on the speed controlling of a DC motor, with a constant
speed at any load condition.
For that purpose they use PWM and DC chopper.

• New technology of wireless motor controller using Arduino.

We can definitely control Speed of a motor with a Potentiometer, but this wastes power and
energy in the form of heat across the resistor, as having a resistor in series does have a voltage
drop, hence heat loss. A microcontroller-based PWM solution uses fewer components and has
flexibility of varying the duty cycle and frequency. Having a PWM, means you do not have a
resistor in series, meaning no waste in the form of heat. We just shuttle the Motor between ON &
OFF, and the average gives us the voltage. So, no waste of power is there.

• “Android based speed control of DC motor via Bluetooth”. By Abhishek Khanna

In this paper, Abhishek Khanna & Priya Rajan have In this system, a motor driver IC
L293D that is interfaced with the microcontroller Arduino Uno controls a dc motor. Two basic
elements that are Bluetooth of mobile phone, which is connected to Arduino Uno microcontroller
& a Bluetooth module communication with each other. The data is sent by the smart phone to the
microcontroller via Bluetooth. A 12V solar panel or a 12V adaptor is used to power the entire
system. This solar panel converts solar energy into electrical signals directly or indirectly
through photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP). To concentrate large area of
sunlight on solar panels, lenses, tracking system and mirrors can be used. This project is cost
effective and eco-friendly as it uses the solar panels as a power source. This system can be
integrated with robotics, drones, house door, lockers etc.

5
3. EXPERIMENTAL WORKING SCENARIO:

In this topic we are going to construct a wireless DC motor speed control circuit which
can be controlled using any IR based remote controller. The proposed project has two main
objectives; the first one is 5 step sequential speed control of a 12V DC motor using and
controlling the PWM (pulse width modulation) speed of the motor fully static / in solid state.
Most DC motor speed control circuits on the internet utilizes some kind of mechanical
component such as a potentiometer or a trim pot, but none of them explained how can we
control PWM statically, in this post we will learn how can we achieve static control of PWM
on evergreen. The proposed wireless DC motor speed control circuit project will be based on
the above blocks.

We will be exploring them point by point now:

• The first block is an IR sensor which detects the incoming IR signals from remote controller.
• The detected signal is passed to a debouncing circuit which filters surplus pulses and gives
out a clean clock pulse to the next stage. The next stage consists of a couple of IC which are
responsible for switching the speed of the motor from 1 to 5 (speeds).
• The next stage consists of resistor dividers which are connected to IC by selecting a resistor
divider at a time will control the speed of the motor / PWM.
• The output of the Sensor is fed to an N-channel MOSFET for efficient speed control of the
12V DC motor.
• We also connect Arduino with Circuit.

Wireless Motor Controller with Arduino and Potentiometer

6
 Pulse width modulation control works by switching the power supplied to the motor on
and off very rapidly. The DC voltage is converted to a square wave signal, alternating between
fully on (nearly 12v) and zero, giving the motor a series of power “kicks”. Pulse width
modulation technique (PWM) is a technique for speed control which can overcome the problem
of poor starting performance of a motor. PWM for motor speed control works in a very similar
way. Instead of supplying a varying voltage to a motor, it is supplied with a fixed voltage value
(such as 12v) which starts it spinning immediately. The voltage is then removed and the motor
‘coasts. By continuing this voltage on/off cycle with a varying duty cycle, the motor speed can
be controlled.
We can definitely control Speed of a motor with a Potentiometer, but this wastes power
and energy in the form of heat across the resistor, as having a resistor in series does have a
voltage drop, hence heat loss. A microcontroller-based PWM solution uses fewer components
and has flexibility of varying the duty cycle and frequency. Having a PWM, means you do not
have a resistor in series, meaning no waste in the form of heat. We just shuttle the Motor
between ON & OFF, and the average gives us the voltage. So, no waste of power is there.

Components:
• DC motor
• Arduino
• Wires
• Wheel
• Potentiometer
• Controller
• Handle Lever
• Breadboard

7
Power Supply:
The proposed project uses 12V DC as its power input, but the IR stage works on 5V, so
we need to step down the voltage using a regulator circuit as shown below.
This concludes IR reception and filtration stages for the wireless DC motor speed control
circuit. Now let’s understand the motor speed control stage.

8
4. COSTING:

(FOR AUTO INDUSTRIES BASED NORMAL SCENARIO)

9
5. AEIOU CANVAS
It’s included a summary of all sheets and helps to determine:

5.1 Environment
• Summer
• Winter
• Spring
• Autumn
• Traffic

5.2 Interaction
• Student to professional
• Engineer to user
• Electricians to user
• Salesman to owner

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5.3 Objects
• Arduino UNO
• Transistor bc547
• Resister
• Potentiometer
• 9v battery
• Wheel
• DC motor
• Breadboard

5.4 Activities
• Reliable Connection
• Easy wiring(sometimes)
• Multiple usages
• Control speed

5.5 Users
• Electric Vehicle makers
• Industrial Robots
• RC robot makers
• Auto industry

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6. MIND MAPPING
Mind mapping refers to a technique that designers and engineers use to express and generate
ideas. All that mind mapping really is, however, is a way to get all of the ideas in your head
down onto paper. There is no right or wrong way to mind map. It is simply a visual
representation of the thoughts in your head, and it often looks like organized chaos. In this
canvas there are main parts are shown below sheet.

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7. EMPATHY CANVAS:

Empathy Mapping Canvas is a canvas which is the foremost process of the design thinking
process. It generally deals with the emotional aspects of the user.

13
7.1 Users
• Electric Vehicle makers
• Industrial Robots
• RC robot makers
• Auto industry

7.2 Stake Holders

• Auto industry for making and working
• Benefiters
• Electricians (related)

7.3 Activities
• Reliable Connection
• Easy wiring(sometimes)
• Multiple usages
• Control speed

7.4 Story boarding

1) Happy
• It’s good because of today’s pollution issues, it also very smoothly controls everything.
2) Happy
• It’s good because of a control the motor inputs according to acceleration and motor
requirements.
3) Sad
• Very expensive due to quality Components.
4) Sad
• Sometimes people are disappointed with motor controller performance and Lake of safety of
circuit and also themselves.

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8. IDEATION CANVAS:
Ideation canvas helps the student to expand the list of user activities to list all possible news
situations and conditions that user faces or may face. Now on that basis we will try to find out
the multiple problems user may face by analyzing and studying all variations of his activities and
key problems are identified. The ideation canvas includes:

8.1 People
• Auto industry
• Electrician
• EV modifiers
• Mechanics

8.2 Activities
• Reliable Connection
• Easy wiring(sometimes)
• Multiple usages
• Control speed

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8.3 Situation/Context/Location
• When speed is high
• Closed condition
• Difficult situation
• Winter
• Summer
• Spring
• Autumn
• Foggy

8.4 Props
• Controls the motor input according to acceleration and motor requirement
• For SUVs
• Less amount of wire used
• Very important due to pollution issues
• Controls the variable speeds of DC motor

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9. LNM CANVAS:
LNM (learning need matrix) will help students to identify the learning requirements at an
early stage along with prioritization of specific learning along with defined time duration time
allocation for each.

17
10. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS:
Product development canvas deals with steps related to the development of the product and
how the prototype of the product is designed keeping in mind the basic need of the user and how
to do a validation check and redesign ifnecessary to perfection and how it will be helpful
determining the development ofthe product. Product Development canvas includes:

10.1 Purpose
• To control power
• Reliable Connection

10.2 People
• Auto industry
• Electricians
• EV modifiers
• Mechanics

10.3 Product Experience

• Reduce current
• Reliable

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10.4 Function
• Control speed
• Reduce short-circuit (not every time)

10.5 Product features

• Control motor input and acceleration on SUVs
• Less amount of wires

10.6 Components
• DC motor
• Wires
• Wheel
• Potentiometer
• Breadboard
• Speed Controller
• Handle lever
• Battery

10.7 Reject, redesign, retain

• Complex wiring (sometimes)
• Complex design (sometimes)
• Sometimes difficult

10.8 Customer Revalidation

• Good
• Very easy(sometimes)
• Less expensive (sometimes)
• Reliable
• Recommendation

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11. PROTOTYPE:

Wireless Motor Controller with Arduino and Potentiometer:

20
Block Diagram:

Wireless PWM Speed Control Stage:

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12. RESULT WITH CONCLUSION:

It’s working as Expected.

The dc motor speed is controlled by using power electronic device and the PWM is used
which to control the speed of dc motor. The speed pulse train will be based on required input
speed. This circuit is useful to operate the dc motors at required speed with very low losses and
low cost. The circuit response time is fast. Hence high reliability can be achieved. The designed
circuit was tested for various speed inputs satisfactorily. The method already employed in
traction system and has a good scope ahead.
The existing technology of motor and motor controller to maximize the efficiency of the
vehicle.
With this we questions about new technologies:
• How to minimize the power loss in the electric vehicle and enhance the mileage of the
vehicle.
• What are the existing drive line technology and how it is evolved from the past?
• What the upcoming technologies in the driveline of the electric vehicles.

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13. REFERENCES:

• Russel, Md.K. and Bhuyan, M.H. (2012) Microcontroller Based DC Motor Speed Control Using PWM
Technique. Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical, Computer and
Telecommunications Engineering RUET, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, 1-2 December 2012, 519- 522.
• Bhuyan, M.H. (2007) Wireless Control System for DC Motor to Position a Dish Antenna Using
Microcomputer. Daffodil International University Journal of Science and Technology (DIUJST), 2, 44-
49.
• Bhuyan, M.H., Rabby, M.A. and Tarik, M.M.G. (2010) Microcontroller Based Automatic Traffic Light
Control System Design. Proceedings of the National Conference on Electronics and
Telecommunications for Digital Bangladesh, Dhaka, 2-3 June 2010, 139-142.
• Siskind, C.S. (1959) Electrical Machines Direct and Alternating Current. McGraw Hill Book Co., New
York, USA.
• Shuler, C.A. and McNamee, W.L. (1986) Industrial Electronics and Robotics. McGraw Hill Book Co.,
New York, USA.
• Rashid, M.H. (2010) Power Electronics Circuits, Devices and Applications. Prentice Hall Inc., USA.
• Mathur, A. (2008) Microcontroller-Based DC Motor Speed Controller. Electronics For You, March
2008, 92-96.
• Jiang, Chaoqiang, K. T. Chau, Chunhua Liu, and Wei Han. “Design and analysis of wireless switched
Reluctance motor drives.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 66, no. 1 (2018): 245-254.
• Jiang, Chaoqiang, Kwok T. Chau, Christopher HT Lee, Wei Han, Wei Liu, and W. H. Lam. “A wireless
Servo motor drive with bidirectional motion capability.” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 34,
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