Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52622.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/52622/digital-library-an-introduction/matthew-n-o-sadiku
Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52622.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/52622/digital-library-an-introduction/matthew-n-o-sadiku
Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52622.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/52622/digital-library-an-introduction/matthew-n-o-sadiku
Matthew N. O. Sadiku1, Uwakwe C. Chukwu2, Abayomi Ajayi-Majebi3, Sarhan M. Musa1 1 Roy G. Perry College of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, USA 2 Department of Engineering Technology, South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, SC, USA 3 Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Central State University, Wilberforce, OH, USA
The traditional library typically consists of books A digital library (also known as online library, virtual with their shelves, repositories and maddeningly library, e-library, Internet library, a digital repository, complex filing systems. This kind of library is slowly a digital collection, or a library without walls) is an but steadily becoming the thing of the past. The online database of digital objects that can include decline in visits to traditional libraries suggests that text, still images, audio, and video. It is more patrons prefer accessing information without visiting convenient and efficient to keep books and other a library in person. The digital libraries provide a objects in electronic format. Digital libraries vary in more convenient, cost-efficient, and less energy- size and scope (humanities, engineering, science, consuming approach to using the library. Figure 1 etc.), and can be maintained by individuals or shows the main stages in evolution of libraries [1]. organizations. Although the digital libraries have been replacing the Digital libraries emerged in the early 1990s. The traditional ones since the beginning of the digital age, evolution of digital libraries is marked by several the traditional libraries are still around – the British phases. The phrases consist of the early formative Library in London, the Library of Congress in decade in the 1990s, mass digitization in the 2000s, Washington, D.C., the New York Public Library, the and the large-scale aggregations undertaken in the last Bavarian State Library, the Europeana Library, and few years. Digital libraries have emerged as complex, many more. It is highly possible that eventually multilayered, distributed systems that serve as digital libraries will replace traditional ones in course information systems in a networked environment of time. With the majority of the world’s population providing search and retrieval mechanisms and connected to the Internet, it is feasible to create a supporting user interaction. Extensive digitization single repository of all the books and make the books efforts have accompanied the transformation of the accessible to anyone anywhere anytime [2]. wealth of traditional scholarly and cultural materials held in libraries, archives, and museums into a digital
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 format. These efforts led to large-scale digital National libraries: They are usually owned by a libraries, such as the Digital Public Library of national government, made available to benefit America, Europeana, or HathiTrust [3]. The basic the citizens. Examples include the British Library structure of digital library is depicted in Figure 2 [4]. in London, the Library of Congress in Digital library creation and management go through Washington DC, and the Europeana Library. Corporate Libraries: Corporates have started several phases: planning, prototyping, building, testing, launching, operating, and upgrading. They are adopting digital libraries for their employees. For example, Boeing has a digital library that has Internet sites consecrated to the creation and preservation of electronic book collections. They are branches spread all over the US to serve their mainly stocked with sources of information that are employees. Publisher Library: The publishers have gone available on the Internet in open access format. Due digital and placed their publications on their to copyright restrictions, access to the content of most digital libraries. Examples include McGraw’s digital libraries is limited to students and faculty library, Pearson’s library, Cengage’s library, and whose universities subscribe to the digital library [3]. Elsevier. FEATURES OF A DIGITAL LIBRARY Digital Archives: Archives differ from libraries in The digital library has the following exciting features the nature of the materials held. The material in [5]: archives and manuscript libraries are "the unique No Physical Restrictions: One can access a digital records of corporate bodies and the papers of library from anywhere, anytime. individuals and families.” Multiple Access: Several individuals and institutions can access the same resource at the EXAMPLES OF DIGITAL LIBRARIES There are hundreds of digital libraries around the same time. Easy-to-Use: With Internet access, DLs are more world. They are developed by communities, governments, corporations, and institutions. The comfortable to use as compared to physical libraries. following libraries are just typical. Conservation and Preservation: No matter how World Digital Library Bibliothèque Nationale de France many times a resource is being accessed, it Bartholomew County Public Library remains preserved in its original form. Thompson-Nicola Regional Library No Limitation of Space: DLs can store thousands Ohio Digital Library of resources without facing the difficult of limited Universal Digital Library. A collection of one space. million books. Not Time-Bound: With a DL, all you need is to Google Books. pay a minimum subscription price, and then you Texas Digital Library will have access to all of their material until the National Taichung Digital Library subscription expires. No Boundaries of Knowledge: Digital Libraries IEEE Xplore Internet Archive reduce the regional and national boundaries of knowledge. You can access any text from any JSTOR Open Access books place in the world! HathiTrust Digital Library 360-Degree Virtual Learning Experience: Some It is evident that some of these digital libraries are technologically advanced digital libraries have a owned by universities, publishers, states, and nations. 360-degree virtual learning experience. Some these libraries are open to the general public, while others are not. The collections in each library TYPES OF DIGITAL LIBRARY are often in form of database A-Z to making search There are many types of digital collections (libraries, easy. Subscriptions to some of the digital libraries archives, and museums) [6]: (such as IEEE Xplore) are available on an Academic libraries: These are owned by colleges institutional basis and are expensive. Figure 3 shows or universities. They are actively involved in a digital library at the National Library of Korea [7]. building repositories of their institution's books, papers, theses, and other works that can be ADVANTAGES digitized. Big colleges and universities have Like traditional libraries, digital libraries serve as developed their own digital libraries. public guardians over information and have strong Regional or State Libraries: These are owned by ethical traditions. They offer digital services and a state or region. Examples include the New York distributed knowledge to meet the needs of users in Public Library and the Bavarian State Library. electronic format. These include fervent protection of
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 readers' privacy, equal access to information, management system (LMS) and virtual classroom diversity of information, serving the underserved. software seamlessly. Librarians traditionally see themselves as providing Copying: A digital book is not the same as a information to those who cannot afford to pay for that physical book – you cannot copy the latter information on the open market [8]. Digital Libraries without the great expense of time and money are a blessing to students, schools, universities, and while copying the former takes less than a second. everyone who loves learning. They can easily access Added value: Digitization can enhance legibility books and other scholarly resources. Digital libraries and remove visible flaws such as stains and have the following advantages over traditional discoloration. libraries [9]: DISADVANTAGES Make a Wide Variety of Content Access: The Digital library poses unique challenges for digital libraries store a wide range of content – organizing, presenting, and preserving digital eBooks, magazines, articles, blogs, papers, resources and serving user communities in virtual videos, podcasts, and audiobooks – in a virtual information spaces. Universal access to any document environment without limitation of physical space. is technically not feasible at the moment but is Latest and updated: A digital library provides currently constrained by social, economic, and legal access to the latest publications. Many publishers barrier. these days allow digital libraries to make the Copyright: Digital libraries are hampered by latest editions and magazines accessible to the copyright law because, unlike with traditional readers based on the pay-as-you-read model. printed works, the laws of digital copyright are Allow Readers to Access Materials on Demand: still being formed. The younger readers or digital natives opt for Cost: Developing digital libraries is expensive. digital versions of books to read the content The cost of hardware, software, and using anytime and anywhere. computer network is very high. The cost of Make Readers Find Resources Instantly: Many building and maintaining the terabytes of storage digital libraries speed up the content search by and servers 24/7 is exorbitant. Small libraries leveraging popular search engines like Google, often lack adequate resources to purchase new Bing, and Yahoo. books, magazines, and subscribe to journals and Round the clock availability: The digital libraries magazines. However, the cost of managing the enable readers to read eBooks, listen to digital libraries is cheaper than that of the audiobooks, and watch videos 24/7. traditional libraries. Multiple and Simultaneous Access: Multiple Reluctance: Many publishers are reluctant to offer readers can access the same books, videos, and their libraries in digital form. Copyright and audiobooks simultaneously in a digital piracy concerns make them hesitant to share their environment. digital books with third parties Library Management Automation: The digital Preservation: Due to technological developments, libraries have converted librarians into cybrarians a digital library can rapidly become out-of-date through automation of routine library services – and its data may become inaccessible. Digital indexing, issuing, tracking, and preservations. works are very fragile, and pro-active steps need Real-Time Interactions: These real-time to be taken in order to make sure that they persist interaction options help readers to collect over time additional or specific information about a book or article in a few seconds. CONCLUSION Eliminate Deterioration of Resources: Many Digital libraries will be critical to future of organizations digitize their libraries to make the scholarship. They are a worldwide phenomenon. In digital resources accessible to a large number of the digital age, digital libraries appear to be as critical readers regularly without focusing on the to scholarship as brick-and-mortar libraries were to preservation of physical materials. scholarship in previous centuries. They provide Preserve Knowledge for the Future Generation: 24/7/365 access to a large collection of specialty Digital libraries store resources in the cloud. They scientific journals, publications, and databases. For store valuable researches and studies for future more information about digital library one should generations. consult the books in [10-18] and the following related Mintbook Digital Library: Mintbook, an ISO journals: 27001 and ISO 9001 certified company, allows Library Journal you to integrate the digital library with a learning World Digital Libraries – An International Journal
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 REFERENCES [8] H. Besser, “The past, present, and future of [1] “Design and implementation of a social digital libraries,” semantic digital library,” https://companions.digitalhumanities.org/DH/? https://content.iospress.com/articles/informatio chapter=content/9781405103213_chapter_36.ht n-services-and-use/isu784 ml [2] K. Austin, “Digital libraries vs. traditional [9] Mintbook, “10 Digital library advantages you libraries: What to choose today?” January 2019, must know,” October 2020, https://blog.domypapers.com/digital-vs- https://mintbook.com/blog/digital-library- traditional-libraries/ advantages/ [3] “Digital libraries,” 2013 [10] I. H. Witten, D. Bainbridge, and D. M. Nichols, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer How to Build a Digital Library. Morgan -science/digital-libraries Kaufmann, 2nd edition, 2009. [4] M. K. Verma, “Social networking sites (SNSS): [11] K. Banerjee and T. Reese, Building Digital An emerging tool for librarians to provide Libraries. ALA Neal-Schuman, 2nd edition, effective library services in digital era,” in 2019. International conference Proceedings on [12] W. Y. Arms, Digital Libraries. MIT press, “Emerging Technologies and Future of 2001. Libraries: Issues & Challenges”, Shinde, G.S. [13] G. G. Chowdhury and S. Chowdhury. et al. (Eds.), organized by Gulbarga University, Introduction to Digital Libraries. Facet New Delhi, January 2015, pp-131-144 Publishing, 2003. [5] Mintbook, “Features of a digital library,” [14] M. Lesk, Understanding Digital Libraries. December 2020, Elsevier, 2005 https://mintbook.com/blog/features-digital- [15] M. A. Lesk, Practical Digital Libraries: Books, library/ Bytes, and Bucks. Morgan Kaufmann, 1997. [6] “Digital library,” Wikipedia, the free [16] F. Papy, Digital Libraries. Elsevier, 2016. encyclopedia [17] R. Gartner, Metadata in the Digital Library: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_library Building an Integrated Strategy with XML. [7] C. Si-young, “[Eye Plus] digital library makes United Kingdom: Facet Publishing, 2021. learning interactive,” October 2021, [18] A. D. Purcell, Digital Library Programs for https://www.nationthailand.com/international/4 Libraries and Archives: Developing, 0007896 Managing, and Sustaining Unique Digital Collections. ALA Neal-Schuman, 2016.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
Figure 2 The basic structure of digital library [4].
Figure 3 A digital library at the National Library of Korea [7].
Figures p. 66,81, 147,220/221 For Chapter 15, add, dilib1-32 is NOT used History Traditional library Applications – students, p. 13 Future Global Add figure on traditional library. Get blogs from Googles (only that)
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