Concurrent Process/Co-ordinating Process


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012134256186191
2 041115

 

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012134256186191
2 041115

 



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012134256186191
2 041115




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+, +
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-.'/"'234,60 -.'/"'234560
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CE>;<DEFQ?

Dekker's algorithm to be written in exam

variable flag[2] of type boolean


turn: 0..1;
do{


flag[i] = true;
while flag[j]


if turn = j then


flag[i] = false;
<---- Code as discussed in class
while turn = j
;// no operation


flag[i] = true;

critical section

turn = j;

flag[i] = false;

remainder section

}while(TRUE)

012134256186191
2 041115

 


!"#$
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/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/
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/
/
/
012134256186191
2 041115





 !
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:25&%62'>&'(6B&8*25#$$6$5C**#'%:48#*B2*;6'I&%#$%P&'(P$#%>'22%3#*8*25#$$;&49#I6'&'2%3#*%#$%P&'(P$#%C'%6:
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:25A<



boolean TestAndSet(Boolean * target)
{
boolean * rv= *target;


*target= TRUE;
return rv;


}


do
{ while(TestAndSet(&Lock))
; //do nothing
CRITICAL SECTION



Lock=False;
Remainder Section


}while(TRUE);



The characteristics of this synchronization mechanism are-



*It ensures mutual exclusion.
*It is deadlock free.


*It does not guarantee bounded waiting and may cause starvation.


*It suffers from spin lock.
*It is not architectural neutral since it requires the operating system to support test-and-set
instruction.
*It is a busy waiting solution which keeps the CPU busy when the process is actually waiting.
012134256186191
2 041115

 



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"

Mutual Exclusion code 

do

{

wait(s);


Critical Section

Signal(s); 
Remainder Section;
}While(TRUE); 
012134256186191
2 041115

 

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012134256186191
2 041115

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8
8 or Code can be written as using semaphore
8
8 Semaphore Chopstick[5];
8 do{
8 wait(Chopstick[i]);
8 wait(Chopstick[i+1]%5);
8
8 EAT
Signal(Chopstick[i]);
01THINKING
2Signal(Chopstick[i+1]%5);
134256186191
2 041115
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012134256186191
2 041115

 


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012134256186191
2 041115

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Swap Solution for Critical Section

# another type of hardware assistance for process synchronization

# a special hardware instruction that does a complete swap (ordinarily three operations) atomically
i.e., the complete swap is executed or no part of it is given pass-by-reference parameters A and B, it swaps their
values

Swap Solution to the Critical Section Problem uses two variables called lock and key
intuition: if lock is false, then a process can enter the critical section, and otherwise it can't initially, lock is false

void swap(boolean *a, boolean *b)

{ boolean * temp =*b;
*b=*a;
*a=*temp;
}
do
{
Key= true
while (Key == true) swap(&lock,&Key);
critical section
lock = false;
remainder section
}while(True);

012134256186191
2 041115