LIPIDS

LIPIDS
-Insoluble to polar solvents like water
-Soluble to organic solvents like hexane and benzene
-Oily or greasy compounds
-They are considered heterogenous compounds
-Energy-rich compounds (Approx. 2.5 times greater than the
amount of energy of carbohydrates)
 FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS
- Component of some hormones
- Provides energy to the body
- Component of the cell membrane
- Involved in cellular signal and communication
- Help with the regulation of temperature in the body
 STRUCTURE OF LIPIDS
Building Blocks: Fatty Acids
Chemical Bond: Ester linkages
Mainly composed of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms
FATTY ACIDS
 FATTY ACIDS

Fatty acids can be categorized as saturated fatty acids or unsaturated

fatty acids. The main difference is the presence of carbon-carbon double
bond(s) for unsaturated fatty acids.
SATURATED FATTY ACIDS
UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
 Classification of Lipids
Lipids are classified into two three main classes which are:
- Simple Lipids
- Compound Lipids
- Derived Lipids
 SIMPLE LIPIDS
Simple lipids are formed from different alcohols and fatty acid
molecules. Some define simple lipids are esters of fatty acids
with different alcohols. The common examples are:
- Fats
- Oils
- Waxes (esters made of an alcohol chain and a fatty acid chain)
SIMPLE LIPIDS
SIMPLE LIPIDS
 SIMPLE LIPIDS

Simple Triglycerides – a triglyceride molecule where the three

fatty acids involved in the structure are the same.

Mixed Triglycerides – a triglyceride molecule where the three

fatty acids are different in structure.
SIMPLE LIPIDS
 COMPOUND LIPIDS
Lipid molecules that will contain additional groups. One
example is the phospholipid (a lipid molecule with a phosphate
group).

Lipoprotein is a lipid molecule with a protein structure.

Glycolipid is a sugar molecule with a lipid.

COMPOUND LIPIDS
COMPOUND LIPIDS
 LIPOPROTEINS
There are two common types of lipoproteins which are:
- High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) – Good Cholesterol
- Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) – Bad Cholesterol
 DERIVED LIPIDS
Derivatives of simple and complex lipids that gives an overall
characteristic and feature of a lipid molecule.

Examples of derived lipids are:

- terpenes
- steroids
- carotenoids
- monoglycerides/diglycerides
DERIVED LIPIDS
 Catabolism
Fatty acids can undergo catabolism to provide energy for the body.

The process is known as beta-oxidation.

There are 4 reactions for beta-oxidation.

- Dehydrogenation
- Hydration
- Oxidation
- Thiolysis
Catabolism