Experiment Number 1

TITLE -: 1D Bar Element – Structural Linear Analysis

Question-:

Determine the nodal displacement and stress of 1-D bar with uniform cross-
section as shown in the figure using elemental matrix equation. The length of
the bar is 100 mm and the area of cross section is 150 mm 2. The value of
Young’s Modulus is 200 N/mm2. The bar is fixed at one end and the force of
1000 N is applied at the other free end.

AIM-:
To find the displacement and stresses at the nodal points by using Open-Source
Software – Lisa 8.0

Procedure -:

 In Lisa 8.0, Click on the Create a New Empty Document

 Right click on <Analysis static 3D> select edit
 On general Tab select 2D & click on statics 2D click ok
 Click on create new node
 Enter coordinates of your geometry
 Enter the coordinated x=0, y=0, z=0 click on add
 Enter the coordinate x= 100, y=0, z=0 click on add
 Close the window
 Click on new element
 Select line2 beam /truss
 Enter node number or pick on the mouse i.e 1,2 (line 1-2 is created)
  In tree right click on Default <1 element>
 Click on assign new material
 In geometry Tab select on circular bar, enter value for diameter as 13.82
 Click on mechanical tab select Isotropic
 Enter value of Young’s Modulus =200 & possions ratio = 0.3 & close the
window
 Click on Select nodes by mouse select left node
 Then click on select faces
 In the left panel -right click on Load & contraints select new fixed support

 In fixed support window- named selection -create from current selection

and click ok
 Click on Select nodes by mouse select right node
 Then click on select faces
 In the left panel -right click on Load & contraints select new force
 In force window- named selection – create from current selection and
click ok
 Enter value x=1000 ,y=0,z=0 click ok
 In the left panel right click on solution select slove
 In solution click on displacemnt on x
 In solution click on longitudnal stress point
 Click on table select all nodes or element & select all field value
 Click on update
 You get value of deformation ,stress ,strain etc.

Result - 1) Total deformation of 1D bar element---------------mm

(Paste your lisa 8.0 deformation digarm with result )

2) longitudnal stress on 1D bar element-----------N/mm^2

(Paste your lisa 8.0 deformation digarm with result)

3) Manually solve this problem

Experiment Number 2

Title - Truss Analysis using 1D Element

Procedure -:

 In Lisa 8.0, Click on the Create a New Empty Document

 Right click on <Analysis static 3D> select edit
 On general Tab select 2D & click on statics 2D click ok
 Click on create new node
 Enter following coordinates for 3 nodes
Node No X Y Z
1 0 0 0
2 -400 300 0
3 -900 300 0
 Select New element
 First enter 1,2 and click Add
 Next enter 2,3 and click Add followed by close
 Select in the left panel, right click and select assign
new material
 In the Geometric tab select circular bar and enter 16 for diameter
 Select Mechanical tab followed by isotropic and enter 2E5 as Young’s
Modulus and 0.3 for poisons ratio

 Click on Select nodes by mouse select left node (Node No 3)

  Then click on select faces
 In the left panel -right click on Load & contraints select new fixed support

 In fixed support window- named selection -create from current selection

and click ok
 Click on Select nodes by mouse select right node (Node No 1)
 Then click on select faces
 In the left panel -right click on Load & contraints select new fixed support

 In fixed support window- named selection -create from current selection

and click ok
 Click on Select nodes by mouse select middle node (Node No 2)
 Then click on select faces
 In the left panel -right click on Load and contraints select new force
 In force window- named selection – create from current selection and
click ok
 Enter value x=0 , y= -12000, z=0 click ok
 In the left panel right click on solution select slove
 In solution click on displacemnt on X,Y,Z
 Click on table select all nodes or element and select all field value
 Click on update
 You get value of deformation ,stress ,strain etc.

Result - 1) Displacement of Node 1 along X---------------mm

2) Displacement of Node 1 along Y---------------mm
3) Displacement of Node 2 along X---------------mm
4) Displacement of Node 2 along Y---------------mm
5) Displacement of Node 3 along X---------------mm
6) Displacement of Node 3 along Y---------------mm

(Paste your lisa 8.0 deformation digarm with result )

7) Longitudnal stress for element 1-----------N/mm^2

8) Longitudnal stress for element 2-----------N/mm^2

(Paste your lisa 8.0 deformation digarm with result)

3) Manually solve this problem

Experiment Number 3

Title - Plate/Shell Element – Structural Linear and Non-Linear Analysis

Difference between linear and non-linear analysis

The source of this nonlinearity can be attributed to multiple system properties,

for example, materials, geometry, nonlinear loading and constraints

Geometric Nonlinearity

In analyses involving geometric nonlinearity, changes in geometry as the

structure deforms are considered in formulating the constitutive and equilibrium
equations. Many engineering applications such as metal forming, tire analysis,
and medical device analysis require the use of large deformation analysis based
on geometric nonlinearity. Small deformation analysis based on geometric
nonlinearity is required for some applications, like analysis involving cables,
arches and shells.

Material Nonlinearity

Material nonlinearity involves the nonlinear behaviour of a material based on a

current deformation, deformation history, rate of deformation, temperature,
pressure, and so on. Examples of nonlinear material models are large strain
(visco) elasto-plasticity and hyperelasticity (rubber and plastic materials).

Constraint and Contact Nonlinearity

Constraint nonlinearity in a system can occur if kinematic constraints are

present in the model. The kinematic degrees-of-freedom of a model can be
constrained by imposing restrictions on its movement.

Example 1 – Liner Structural Analysis

Rectangular Plate with Circular Hole

LISA 8.0 Procedure

Note - There is no option in LISA to select the units, so make sure all the
units are consistent

 Right click and click EDIT

 Select 2D followed by static 2D and click ok

 Select New node

 Enter following coordinates for 4 nodes
Node No X Y Z
1 -50 -25 0
2 50 -25 0
3 50 25 0
4 -50 25 0
 Click on Fit tp Screen
 Select New element
 Select line2 beam/truss

 Enter node number 1,2 in the bottom field, click add
 Repeat above step by entering 2,3 3,4 and 4,1 followed by add
 Click on close button
 Select faces
 Select the rectangle by selection window
 Right click on any one edge (Make sure that all the sides are blue or press
ctrl key) and select Mesh Tools – Automesh 2D
 Enter max element size as 9
 Select surface mesh at the bottom, untick Quad Dominant and Quadratic
Elements
 Click ok
 Right click Default in the left panel and select Assign New Material

 Select Plate/Shell/Membrane and enter thickness as 3

 In the same window click Mechanical Tab

 Select Isotropic and enter Young’s Modulus as 200000 and Poisson’s
Ratio as 0.3
 Click close
 Press Ctrl + A on the keyboard
 Right click on the mesh and select Add Elements to New Component
 Select Default <0 Elements> in the left panel
 Select Mesh Tools from menu followed by Curve Generator

 From the list select Circle/Ellipse

 Enter number of elements as 16
 Enter 12.5 for both D1 and D2

 Click on Ok
 Delete the elements inside the circle
 If few elements edges are inside the circle then you can select the node
with mouse and drag it outside the circle
 Double click Material in the left panel
 In the Geometric Tab select None
 In the Mechanical Tab enter Young’s Modulus as 200000 and Poisson’s
Ratio as 0.3
 Click ok
 Keep the CTRL key pressed and select all nodes of left and right edge by
selection window and click on faces tool
 With CTRL key pressed right click on right edge and select Loads and
Constraints and New fixed Support
 Click Ok
 With nodes button clicked select the top edge node
  Right click on the selected node select Loads and Constraints, New force
 Enter -1000 along Y axis
 Right click on Solution in the left panel and Click Solve

Result - 1) Maximum displacement along Y direction---------------in

(Paste your lisa 8.0 deformation digarm with result )

2) Maximum value of von mises stress------------psi

(Paste your lisa 8.0 deformation digarm with result)

Example 2 – Non-Liner Structural Analysis

A bicycle wrench shown below is made of stainless steel with a Young’s

modulus of 193 GPa and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.27. The wrench is 2 mm
thick. Using lisa 8.0, determine the location and magnitude of the
maximum deformation and the maximum von Mises stress under the
given load and boundary conditions.

LISA 8.0 Procedure

Note - There is no option in LISA to select the units, so make sure all the
units are consistent

 Right click and click EDIT

 Select 2D followed by static 2D and click ok
 Select Mesh Tools Menu – Create – Curve Generator
 Select Circle/Ellipse
 Enter D1=D2=24
 Make the following changes

 Click on Fit to Screen

 Click on Elements Button
 Press CTRL + A
 Select Mesh Tools Menu – Mirror/Copy
 Select YZ Plane and Tick Copy, Click Ok

 Select Mesh Tools Menu – Move/Copy

 Enter -53 for X-Axis, click Apply, Close
 Click on Fit to Screen
 You can see 2 half circles at the centre of the screen
 Select New element
 Select line2 – beam/truss, join the 2 semi circles by selecting end nodes
 Click on the close button

 Select New node

 Select Polar coordinates, Enter Radius=5 and Angle=0
 Click Add
 Repeat above 2 steps by changing angle value 60,120,180,240,300
 Click close
 Select New element
 Select line2 – beam/truss, join all the 6 nodes
 Click on Element button on the top
 With selection window select entire hexagon
 Select Mesh Menu – Move/Copy, Enter -2 for X-axis, Click Apply, Close
 Again select Mesh Menu – Move/Copy, tick copy at the bottom
 Enter -20 click Apply, enter -25 click Apply, Finally click close
 Side of last selected hexagon is 9, so select Mesh Menu – Scale
 Enter for Scale Factor for X and Y as 1.8, Click Ok
 Select Mesh Menu – Move/Copy untick copy, enter value for X 37.6
click ok
 Select middle hexagon, select Mesh Menu – Scale
 Enter for Scale Factor for X and Y as 1.4, Click Ok
 Select Mesh Menu – Move/Copy untick copy, enter value for X 7 click ok

 Click Select Elements button on the top

 Press CTRL + A
 With CTRL key pressed right click on the geometry
 Select Mesh Tools – Automesh 2D
 Enter Max Element Size as 9, Select Surface Mesh, Click Ok
 Click on XY view
 Delete the elements inside the 3 hexagonal holes

 Right click in the left panel and select Assign New

Material
 Select Plate/Shell/Membrane and enter value for thickness as 2
 Click on the Mechanical Tab
 Select Anisotropic 2D
 Enter following values for different Young’s Modulus (Elasticity Matrix)
which represents material non-linearity
 Click Close
 Click on the Select Nodes button
 Select all 6 nodes of smallest hexagonal hole
 Click Select Faces button
 With CTRL key pressed right click on any edge of small hexagon
 Select Loads and Constraints – New Fixed Support, Click Ok
 Click on Select Nodes button
 With selection window select nodes of top edge of the wrench
 Click on Select Faces Button
 With CTRL key pressed, right click on the edge and select Loads and
Constraints – New Force
 Enter -50 along Y axis and click Ok
 Right click Solution in the left panel and click Solve


Result - 1) Maximum displacement along Y direction---------------in

(Paste your lisa 8.0 deformation digarm with result )

2) Maximum value of von mises stress------------psi

(Paste your lisa 8.0 deformation digarm with result)

Experiment Number 4

Title - Beam Element – Non-Linear Buckling Analysis

Buckling - Pushing on a straw – is you push gently, nothing really happens, but
once you push it with enough force, it will bow outward at the centre. This
phenomenon is known as buckling,

Example

Beam with 3 different square cross section, the left and right cross-sectional
area is 225 mm2 and middle cross-sectional area is 100 mm2 is shown in the
following figure. It is fixed at the left end and force of 5000 N is applied at the
free end. Bending Moment at the free end is 1000 N.mm. Find the displacement
magnitude for 3 modes (Take shift point as 0.2) 5000 N

1000 N.mm

300 mm 400 mm 300 mm

Note – Total 3 beam element of lengths 300,400,300 mm with different

cross-sectional area (Geometrical Non-Linearity)
Assigning Material with three different Young’s Modulus values
(Material Non-Linearity)

 In Lisa 8.0, Click on the Create a New Empty Document

 Right click on <Analysis static 3D> select edit
 On general Tab select 2D and select Buckling 2D Beam
 Select New node
 Enter following coordinates for 8 nodes of right end face of the first shell
element
Node No X Y Z
1 0 0 0
2 -300 0 0
3 -700 0 0
4 -1000 0 0
 Click Add button after entry for each node
 Zoom out with mouse middle button
 Select New element
 Enter 2,3 and 3,4 followed by Add button
 Select the element button
 Click on the first element

 Right click on the selected element and select Add elements to

new component
 In the left panel right click

 In Geometric Tab select General selection and enter following

values. Moment of inertia of square is a4/12
 Click the Mechanical tab and select Isotropic and enter Young’s Modulus
180 N/mm2

 Select second element and repeat the above procedure and

enter following values

Element No Cross-Sectional Moment of Young’s

Area Inertia (a /12)
4
Modulus
1 225 4220 180
2 100 834 200
3 225 4220 180
 Select and click on the extreme left node (Node No 4)
 Select and right click in the left panel, select New
Fixed Support

 Click OK
 Select and click on the extreme right node (Node No 1)
 Right click in the left panel and select New Force
 Enter following values

 Select and click on the extreme left node (Node No 4)

 Right click in the left panel and select New Moment
 Enter following values

 Right click Solution in the left panel select

Solve Result -
Mode Displacement Force (Y direction) Bending Moment in
Magnitude in mm in N N-mm
1
2 -5000 1000
3
1
2 5000 1000
3
Experiment Number 5

Title - Thermal Analysis – Static/Transient Analysis

Example 1 – Static Thermal Analysis

 In Lisa 8.0, Click on the Create a New Empty Document

 Right click on <Analysis static 3D> select edit
 On general Tab select 3D and select Thermal Steady State
 Enter Stefan-Boltzmann constant value 5.67E-8

 Select New node

 Enter following coordinates for 8 nodes of right end face of the first shell
element
Node No X Y Z
1 0 0 0
2 -0.15 0 0
3 -0.3 0 0
4 -0.6 0 0
 Select New element
 Enter 2,3 and 3,4 followed by Add button
 Select the element button
 Click on the first element

 Right click on the selected element and select Add elements to

new component
 In the left panel right click

 Select thermal tab – isotropic and enter thermal conductivity value

 Repeat above steps for element 2 and 3 by entering thermal conductivity
values as 30 and 20 respectively
 Select and click on the extreme right node (Node No 1)
 Select and Right click in the left panel and select
New Temperature
 Enter following values

 Select and click on the extreme left node (Node No 4)

  Select and Right click in the left panel and select
New convection
 Enter following values

 Right click Solution in the left panel select

Solve Result –
Node Number Temperature
1
2
3
4

Attach the result image

Example 2 – Transient Thermal Analysis

A plate of steel is at an initial uniform temperature of 200 C. All exposed

surfaces of the plate are then suddenly subjected to a convection condition of
70 C with a heat transfer coefficient of 525 W/m2 C. Find the temperature
after 60 s at a depth of 1.25 cm from one of the exposed faces.

Reference - Holman, J.P. Heat Transfer. 5th ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.,
1981. Example 4.5
 In Lisa 8.0, Click on the Create a New Empty Document
 Right click on <Analysis static 3D> select edit
 On general Tab select 3D and select Thermal Transient and enter
following values
 Select New node
 Enter following coordinates for 8 nodes of right end face of the first shell
element
Node No X Y Z
1 0 0 0
2 -0.3 0 0
3 -0.3 0.3 0
4 0 0.3 0
 Select New element
 Select nodes 1,2,3,4 by mouse click
 Select , with the selection windows select entire quad4 element
 Select Extrude and enter following values

 Select in the left panel and right click – select

assign new material
 Select Mechanical tab and enter value for density as 2700
 Select Thermal tab and enter thermal conductivity as 215 and
specific heat as 900
 Select , with the selection windows select entire quad4 element
 Right click Initial condition in the left panel and select new temperature

 Enter Following values

 With face tool select the right face, select all outer faces (total 6)
 In the left panel right click Loads and Constraints and select
New convection

 Enter following values

  Right click Solution in the left panel select Solve

Result
Time (sec.) Temperature (0 Celsius)
30
60
90
120
150

Attach the result image

Experiment Number 6

Title - Coupled Analysis- (Structural + Thermal)

Example

 In Lisa 8.0, Select New node

 Enter following coordinates for 8 nodes of right end face of the first shell
element
Node No X Y Z
1 0 0 0
2 300 0 0
3 700 0 0
 Select New element
 Click Add, enter 2,3, click add followed by Close

 Select the element button

 Click on the first element

 Right click on the selected element and select Add elements to new
component
 In the left panel right click

 Select the Geometric Tab and enter following values

 Select the Mechanical Tab and enter following values

 Repeat above procedure for second element with following values
 Select and click on the extreme right node (Node No 3)
 Select and Right click in the left panel and select
New fixed support followed by OK
 Select and click on the extreme left node (Node No 1)
 Right click in the left panel and select New
displacement, enter the following values
 Right click in the left panel and select New
displacement, enter the following values

 Select and click on the middle node (Node No 2)

 Right click in the left panel and select New force, enter
the following values

 Select the element button

 Select all the elements
 Right click in the left panel and select New temperature,
enter the following value
 Right click Solution in the left panel select Solve
 Note down the displacement and stress values
 Click on
 Right click and select New thermal stress, and enter following value

 Note – Its reference temperature (10), so from this reference temperature

to initial temperature of 400 C (i.e., 300 C rise) the calculations will be
done
 Right click Solution in the left panel select

Solve Result (Reference Temperature 10)

Node Number Displacement
2

Element Number Stress

1
2

Node Number Support Reactions

1
3
Result (Reference Temperature 70)
Node Number Displacement
2

Element Number Stress

1
2

Node Number Support Reactions

1
3

Attach the Result images

Experiment Number 7

Title - Analysis of Machine Component using 3D Elements

Example

Knuckle Pin Φ 60

7
1
Φ 40

 With any CAD software prepare the 3d model of the knuckle pin
 Export the CAD model as Knuckle_Pin.step file
 In LISA 8.0 right click and import STEP or IGES file
 Select the Knuckle_Pin.step file and click ok
 Right click Knuckle_Pin.step and select Meshing Parameters
 Enter the following values

 Make sure that you have selected Aggressive and ticked Volume mesh
 Again, right click Right click Knuckle_Pin.step and select Generate Mesh
 Select the and click rotate/copy tool
 Enter following values

 Click on the Fit to Screen tool

 Click XY view tool
 Right click and select Assign new material
 Enter following values

 With the selection window select left middle portion of the pin
 Right click - New Fixed Support – Ok
 With the select node tool select the upper nodes (blue colour nodes in the
image)

- New Force

 Right click
 With the select node tool select the lower nodes (blue colour nodes in
the image)

 Right click - New Force

 Right click and solve

 Note down the following values
Result
Maximum Displacement
Maximum Stress XX
Attach the result image
Experiment Number 8

Title - Non-Linear Analysis of Assembly using Contact Elements

Example

Knuckle Joint Assembly

 Take d=30 mm and prepare the 3d models of Double eye, Single eye,
Knuckle pin, Knuckle pin collar, Split pin using suitable CAD software
 Export each parts 3d model as .step file
 In LISA 8.0 right click and import STEP or IGES file
 Select the Knuckle_Double_Eye.step file and click ok
 Right click Knuckle_Double_Eye.step and select Meshing Parameters
 Enter the following values
 Make sure that you have selected Aggressive and ticked Volume mesh
 Again, right click Right click Knuckle_Double_Eye.step and select
Generate Mesh
 Right click and select Assign new material
 Enter the following values

 Repeat above steps for Single eye, Knuckle Pin

 With reference to the 3d models of double eye, single eye and knuckle
pin reposition them so that you can see all parts in the proper position
 In the present problem click - Single eye
and click Rotate/copy tool
 Enter following values

 Click - Knuckle Pin and click

Rotate/copy tool
 Enter following values

 Click - Knuckle Pin and click

Move/Copy
 Enter following values
 In the named selection check following surfaces
o Outer surface of Knuckle Pin (Surface 7(3) and Surface 13(3))
o Inner surface of Single eye hole (Surface 14(2) and Surface 15(2))
o Inner surface of Double eye hole (Surface 3,4,6,7)
 To simplify the surface check, turn on/off the visibility of each part in
Components and Materials by right click and selecting visible option
 Select the above surface one by one and apply the
displacement constraint as X=0, Y=0 and Z=0
 e.g. Right click Surface 7(3) and select

 Enter following values

 Repeat above steps for all the surfaces of Knuckle Pin, Single eye and
Double eye which are in contact with each other
 Select the left end face of the double eye Surface-29, right click – New
Loads and constraints – New fixed support
 Select the right end face of the single eye Surface-12(2), right click –
New Loads and constraints – New force
 Enter following value

 Right click and solve

 Note down the following values
Result
Maximum Displacement
Maximum Stress XX
Attach the result image
Experiment Number 9

Title – Modal Analysis of Knuckle Pin

 Right click and click Edit

 Select Modal Vibration 3D solid and truss

 Enter number of modes as 4

 Right click Geometry and click on

Import STEP/IGES file
 Select the Knuckle_Pin.stp file from the computer drive

 Right click Knuckle_Pin.stp and

click on Meshing parameters
 Make sure that you have entered Max. element size as 1000, Aggressive
(Fewer Elements) option and unticked the square boxes at the bottom i.e
Quadratic elements and Quad dominant

 Right click Knuckle_Pin.stp and

click on Generate mesh

 Right click Meshed_Geometry

and click Assign

new material
 Enter the following values
 Select top surface of the knuckle pin from left panel
 Right click on it – New loads and constraints – New fixed support

 Right click and click solve

 Click on Mode 1,2,3 and 4 followed by click on Animation button
 Note down the frequency for each mode
Result
Mode 1 Frequency
Mode 2 Frequency
Mode 3 Frequency
Mode 4 Frequency
Take print of the result image