14th JUNE, 2023

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PRODUCTION LINKED INCENTIVE (PLI) SCHEMES CONTRIBUTE TO INCREASE IN
PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT GENERATION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

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PLI related data from Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal
Trade (DPIIT) highlighted: Create

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Encourage economies of
A significant increase in FDI inflows from FY 2021-22 to FY 2022-23 in innovative scale through
various sectors including: Manufacturing (+76%), Drugs and technologies efficient
Pharmaceuticals (+46%), Food Processing Industries (+26%) and processes
Medical Appliances (+91%).
60% import substitution achieved in Telecom sector.

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Develop core Boost global
Actual investment of Rs. 62,500 Crore has been realized till March 2023 competencies Objectives
presence
which has resulted in incremental production/ sales over Rs. 6.75 Lakh of Indian of PLI scheme
through exports
Crore and employment generation of around 3,25,000. industries

Exports boosted by Rs 2.56 Lakh Crore till FY 2022-23.

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Union Budget 2021-22 announced an outlay of INR 1.97 lakh crores for PLI schemes for 14 key sectors including electronic
manufacturing, automobile, battery, pharma, food, textiles, telecom etc.

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Scheme extends incentive on net incremental sale (over base year) of manufactured goods covered under target segments.
Challenges
Low disbursal of incentives to manufacturers.

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6 of the 14 sectors including textiles, solar PV modules, advanced chemistry cell (ACC) batteries are lagging.
No common set of parameters to understand the value added by beneficiary companies.

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Lack of a centralized database to monitor progress.

30TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE VIENNA DECLARATION AND PROGRAMME OF ACTION

World Conference on Human Rights, held in June 1993, by consensus adopted Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action (VDPA).

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Building on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1948, delegates at Vienna affirmed the universality,
indivisibility and interdependency of human rights.
Vienna Declaration stated
Universal nature of all human rights and fundamental freedoms is beyond question.
Right of self-determination to freely determine their political status, and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural
development.
INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
A role for international action to promote and protect human rights.
Vienna consensus gave birth to historical advances on Foundation laid by UDHR (1948).

Rights of women, children, indigenous peoples, minorities and other groups. Two treaties i.e International Covenant on Civil
and Political Rights (ICCPR) and International
Fight against impunity, including establishment of International Criminal Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Court (ICC). Rights (ICESCR) adopted in 1966.
However, new challenges are holding back fulfilment of UDHR and VDPA, among Together with UDHR, ICCPR and ICESCR
these, digitalization and climate change, inequalities, gender discrimination, comprise the International Bill of Human
and a rise in hate speech, disinformation and polarization. Rights.
Throughout 2023, UN Human Rights is celebrating Human Rights 75 initiative to India has ratified both ICCPR and ICESCR.
call on States and all others to take clear steps to fulfil the promises of the Universal Unlike the covenants, the UDHR is not a treaty
Declaration. and has not been signed or ratified by states.
 8468022022 www.visionias.in

UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING MARKS ITS 75TH ANNIVERSARY

Theme of year-long global campaign is Peace Begins with Me.
Peacekeeping began in 1948 when UNSC authorized the deployment of UN military observers to the Middle East. There are currently
12 UN peacekeeping operations.
UNSC determines (deriving power from UN charter) when and where a UN
peace operation should be deployed. Earlier, External Affairs Minister proposed a
four-point framework with a focus on
It helps countries torn by conflict achieve lasting peace, supports political

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technological availability and improvement
processes, protects civilians, assists in the disarmament, demobilization and and Consistent training and capacity
guarantee ceasefires. building for securing UN peacekeepers to
It is guided by three basic principles: Consent of the parties, Impartiality and meet contemporary threats.
Non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate.

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In 1988, UN peacekeepers were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
CENTRE ANNOUNCES THREE
SCHEMES WORTH OVER RS
India and Peacekeeping

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Deployed Over 200,000 troops over the years in around 49 UN Peacekeeping
Missions. 8000 CR FOR DISASTER
First country to deploy an all-women contingent to UN peacekeeping
mission in Liberia.
MANAGEMENT IN COUNTRY

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India in collaboration with UN launched UNITE Aware Platform, a situational Central government will provide funds to the
awareness software programme that will utilise modern surveillance States for:
technology for real time threat assessments to peacekeepers. Expanding and modernize fire services.
India provided COVID-19 vaccines for UN Peacekeeping personnel worldwide. Reducing risk of urban flooding in the

INSTITUTIONS MUST PREPARE THEMSELVES FOR

seven most populous metros including

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Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bengaluru,
AUDITING AI- BASED GOVERNANCE SYSTEMS: Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, and Pune.

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COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL (CAG) National Landslide Risk Mitigation Project
for 17 States and UTs.
In a recent report, CAG highlighted that
Supreme Audit Institutions have a crucial
RELATED NEWS India’s approach towards disaster
Hiroshima AI Process (HAP) management has shifted from relief-centric
role in audit of Responsible AI to ensure

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and reactionary to Disaster Risk Reduction
good governance, transparency and At the recent G7 summit, hosted with focus on early warning system,
accountability. by Japan, leaders initiated HAP to prevention, mitigation and preparedness at

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AI can be used for removing repetitive regulate Artificial Intelligence (AI). grassroots level.
tasks in audit, enabling analysis of HAP will be established through
Recent initiatives taken
large volumes of data and risk a G7 working group, in
assessment, fraud detection and cooperation with OECD and IMD gives 5 days advance forecast of
continuous auditing. Global Partnership on AI (GPAI). rainfall and flood (earlier used to give three

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Report also presented a case for use of AI With the help of HAP, G7 countries days advance forecast).
in public sector to: could move towards a divergent 271 wetlands identified in Northeast by
Enables faster, more efficient, and regulation based on shared norms, ISRO for flood management.
more effective delivery of services. principles and guiding values.
Coalition for Disaster Resilient
Increase transparency and accountability. Infrastructure (CDRI) launched.
Better citizen engagement and informed policy decisions. Model Fire Bill and State level action plan
Report highlights need for a Responsible AI which stands on four pillars: for Thunderstorm and Lightning, cold
Organisational democratisation that empowers and encourages individuals wave and fog by Centre.
to raise concerns. Strict protocols for states, where nuclear
Systems that enable AI to flourish. power plants are coming up, for rescue in
Systems and platforms that are trustworthy and explainable by design. emergency.
Articulation of responsible AI Mission that is anchored in organisational Building dedicated institutions like
values and ethical guardrails. National Fire Service College (NFSC) and
Report presented some of the global standards for AI that can be used for National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
auditing: Academy.
UNESCO Global Agreement: to guide governments and companies towards AI Aapda Mitra scheme, a Centrally
technologies that confirm with commonly agreed principles. Sponsored Scheme, focusing on training
community volunteers in disaster response
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC 42: an international standards committee responsible for
in 30 most flood-prone districts.
developing AI standards.
 8468022022 www.visionias.in

US SENATE COMMITTEE APPROVED LEGISLATION TO REMOVE CHINA'S "DEVELOPING

COUNTRY" STATUS
Legislation establishes a US policy against granting China developing country status in future treaties and international
organisations.
Earlier, a similar legislation was passed by House of Representatives.
It has been asserted that China can no longer be considered a developing country, given its significant economy, military power,

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and extensive investments worldwide.
World Trade Organization (WTO) has not defined ‘developed’ and ‘developing’ countries and therefore member countries are free
to announce whether they are ‘developed’ or ‘developing’.
UN also has no formal definition of developing countries, but still uses the term for monitoring purposes.

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Advantages of Developing country status:
Receive preferential treatment in terms of market access, loans, reduction in government support and technical assistance

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from international organisations.
Longer transition period before they are required to fully implement WTO agreement.
Benefit from unilateral preference schemes of some of developed country members such as USA’s Generalized System of
Preferences (GSP).

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Favourable treatment concerning issues such as climate change responsibilities.

ALSO IN NEWS
A recent analysis showed that:

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Number of ordinance issued has dropped since 2019.
In 2022, for the first time in 59 years, no ordinances were promulgated.

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10th Lok Sabha (1991 to 1996) holds record for promulgating most number of ordinances i.e
109.
Article 123 empowers President to promulgate ordinances during the recess of Parliament.
Ordinance
These ordinances have the same force and effect as an act of Parliament, but are in the nature of
temporary laws.

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Geological Survey of India Training Institute (GSITI) gets accreditation certificate from CBC.

Capacity Building
Commission(CBC)
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Established in 2021, CBC has been mandated to drive standardisation and harmonisation
across Indian civil services landscape.
Commission’s role is central to the overall institutional framework of Mission Karmayogi-
National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building.
Established as an independent body with complete executive and financial autonomy, CBC

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comprises of three Members and is supported by an internal Secretariat.

Cost Inflation Index(CII)
Common panel of
Insolvency Professionals
(IPs)
Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has notified the final CII for FY24 at 348.
CII number is used to adjust the purchase price of assets on the basis of inflation.
CII number helps to calculate long-term capital gains on assets after taking inflation into
account.
From the current financial year, CII number cannot be used for debt mutual fund schemes
and international equity mutual fund schemes, among others.
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) will prepare a common panel of Insolvency
Professionals (IPs) for appointment as:
IRP (interim resolution professional),
Liquidator,
RP (resolution professionals) and
BT (bankruptcy trustee).
Board will also share the list in advance with the adjudicating authority (AA) to choose from to
oversee various cases of resolution or liquidation.
At present, IBBI is required to recommend the IP's name only after receiving reference from
AA.
Advantages: Avoid administrative delays in the appointment of IPs, will expedite insolvency
resolution etc.

DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW | CHANDIGARH | GUWAHATI 3/4

 8468022022 www.visionias.in

European Union (EU) gave the final go-ahead to EUDR that aims to minimise risk of deforestation
and forest degradation associated with products that are placed on or exported from EU market.
Mandatory due diligence rules are set for palm oil, cattle, wood, coffee, cocoa, rubber and soy.
Rules also apply to a number of derived products such as chocolate, furniture, printed paper etc.
European Union
It assigns a level of risk related to deforestation and forest degradation to countries within and
Deforestation Regulation outside the EU.
(EUDR)
Two warships Anjadip (named after an island on western coast) and Sanshodhak were launched.

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Anjadip is the 3rd Anti-Submarine Shallow Water Craft (ASWSWC), and Sanshodhak is the 4th
Survey Vessel Large (SVL).
ASWSWCs require less draft and can operate close to the coast, searching for underwater threats
and neutralising enemy assets.

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SVL ships will replace the existing Sandhayak Class survey ships with new generation
Two warships hydrographic equipment to collect oceanographic data.
launched

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Both are being built by Kolkata-based Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Ltd (GRSE).

Thousands evacuated as Mayon Volcano oozes lava.

It is the most active volcano in the Philippines and one of the most active in the world, having
erupted over 51 times in the past four centuries.
It is also called one of the world’s most perfect volcanic cone because of the symmetry of its

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shape.
Mayon Volcano It is situated in main island of Luzon and is at the centre of Mayon Volcano National Park.
Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) approved first indigenously developed
animal-derived tissue engineering scaffold for healing skin wounds.

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Tissue engineering is a biomedical engineering discipline to create tissues or cellular products
outside the body or to repair tissues within the body.

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It combines the principles of materials and cell transplantation to develop substitute tissues
and/or promote endogenous regeneration.
Tissue Engineering
Artificial skin and cartilage are examples of engineered tissues.

With the onset of monsoon in India, threat of Leptospirosis disease has increased.

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It is a potentially fatal zoonotic bacterial disease, caused by a bacterium Leptospira
interrogans, or leptospira.

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It is a contagious disease in animals (carrier includes rodents, cattle, pigs, and dogs) but is
occasionally transmitted to humans in certain environmental conditions.
Leptospirosis It is prevalent in warm, humid countries and in both urban and rural areas.
Its symptoms mimic those of dengue, malaria, and hepatitis.

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A single-dose vaccine for chikungunya was found safe and produced a strong immune
response.
VLA1553 vaccine is developed by French biotech company Valneva.
Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which is
endemic in some regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
Chikungunya virus is transmitted by mosquitoes, most commonly Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti
Chikungunya and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus, which can also transmit dengue and Zika viruses.
These mosquitoes bite primarily during daylight hours.
There is currently no approved vaccine or specific treatment for chikungunya virus infections.

DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW | CHANDIGARH | GUWAHATI 4/4