PHY 116 (lab 5)

Gas giant planets

Spring 2023
 Jupiter

the biggest planets in our solar system twice as bigger as all the
planets combined, it can hold 1000 earths in it.

It is core temperature is 43000 Fahrenheit hooter then the surface of

the sun.

It produces more heat then it can receive from the sun, but to be able
to do fusion like the start it must be 80 times bigger.

A day on Jupiter is like 9 earth hours and 55 minutes and a year is

11.8 earths year.

It has between 80 and 92 moons, 4 of them are AKA Galilean moons.

 Continue….

Great Red Spot is a giant storm bigger than Earth that has raged for
hundreds of years.

Jupiter also has several rings, but unlike the famous rings of Saturn,
Jupiter's rings are very faint and made of dust, not ice.

Its rings Jupiter is known to have 4 sets of rings: the halo ring, the main
ring, the Amalthea gossamer ring, and the Thebe gossamer ring.
 Continue…

They have small cores, mostly made of hydrogen and helium

Uranus and Neptune are called the ice giants.

Because of the intense pressure in the gas giants ,hydrogen is compressed

so much that they can even conduct electricity, AKA metallic hydrogen.

Jupitar is not livable but its moons may have favorable conditions for live
even liquid oceans. Specially Europa. 9 space crafts reach Jupiter.
 Saturn

The farthest planet can be seen with the naked eye, Along with Jupiter,
It is tilled exactly like earth this is why it has seasons as well.

It is rings was first discovered by Galileo and so far 4 space crafts visited
Saturn,

Saturn has 83 moons. Rheas and titan are the biggest ones. it is the most earth
like object in the solar system. The only moon with thick atmosphere.

One day on Saturn is less then 10 hours on earth but its year is about 29.8
earth years.
 Uranus

It has same composition like the icy planet Neptune. The temperature on
Neptune can reach -200 degree Celsius.

Its mass is 14 times of that of earth. Its core just like the other gas giants
is solid.

It absorb the red wave length of the visible light this is why it look blue.

A day in Uranus lasts 17 earth hours. And a year is 88 earth years.

 Neptune

It has this blue color due to unknown chemicals.

It has large amount of liquid water and ammonia in its lower atmosphere
aka the watery planet.

It is still not livable because of the huge pressure witch is 100000 times
of earth. theories suggest it is core is made of iron nickel and verity of
the silicates.

Nippon also have rings 5 of them and 4 smaller arcs.

Its day is 16 hours and a year is 165 earth years. It also have season
and each season is 64 years.
 Dwarf planets

Definition of planets, orbit around the sun, its gravity must be big enough to
shape as a sphere or near to a sphere. Must have clear their orbits from
other objects.

Ceres is smaller then the earths moon and have no moon it self it is the
biggest object in the asteroid belt.
Pluto have 5 moons, some people call it 9 planets.
Makemake could have one moon but not very sure off.
Haumea has two moons and an egg ship because it spins so fast.
Eris the massive planet among all the was called to be the 10th planet by
Nasa until 2006. has a very small moon.
 Exoplanets

Around 10% of all stars might have planets. So there could be many billion
planets in our galaxy most inhabitable.

All exoplanets are detected by indirect means not seen.

Using these method planets 2000 light years away still can be detected.

Radial Velocity. Watching for Wobble. 1030 planets discovered.

Transit. Searching for Shadows. 3978 planets discovered.
Direct Imaging. Taking Pictures. 64 planets discovered.
Gravitational Microlensing. Light in a Gravity Lens. 177 planets discovered.
Radial velocity method for finding exoplanets

Link
https://javalab.org/en/doppler_effect_and_redshift_en/
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/my-solar-system/latest/my-solar-system_
en.html
 Questions 447

Thanks for listening

auaf.edu.af