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ch1 Introductiontoengeconomy
ch1 Introductiontoengeconomy
Economy
• An economy is the total sum of product and service transactions of value
between two agents in a region, be it individuals, organizations or states.
• An economy consists of the economic system, comprising the production,
distribution or trade, and consumption of limited goods and services
between two agents, the agents can be individuals, businesses,
organizations, or governments. Transactions only occur when both parties
agree to the value or price of the transacted good, commonly expressed in
a certain currency (Wikipedia, 2013)
• Definition :
o involves the systematic evaluation of the
economic merits of proposed solutions to
engineering problems (Sullivan et. al., 2012)
Engineers
to makehave … in purchasing / selling / disposal of
decision
Material, Machines, Tools, Equipments
© 1995
Corel Corp.
Classical Engineering (Sequential Approach)
DESIGN
CUSTOMER
MANUFACTURING
Design Engineer
Process Engineer
Design product
Product spec. Production Engineer
Material Setup process
Machine capability Quality
Eng. drawing Run production Control Engineer
Process drawing Monitor machine
Monitor output Confirm spec.
Classical Engineering Problem
Expectation
End Product
Concurrent Engineering
- Robust products
• Problem definition
• Development of alternatives
• Development of prospective outcomes
• Selection of a decision criterion
• Analysis and comparison of alternatives
• Selection of the preferred alternative
• Performance monitoring and post-evaluation of
results
Problem
• Problem definition
• Development of alternatives
• Development of prospective outcomes
• Selection of a decision criterion
• Analysis and comparison of alternatives.
• Selection of the preferred alternative.
• Performance monitoring and post-evaluation of
results.
Solutions to engineering problems must
Huraian:
Ciri penting basikal ialah keselamatan, tahan lama dan stabil.
Minimum 3 tayar, saiz kecil, ringan dan tiada bucu tajam.
Bahan tidak merbahaya kepada kanak-kanak, tidak mudah
patah atau terbakar, bukan kaca, plastik dan besi bersalut
adalah bahan yang sesuai.