UNIT 6: GRAMMAR REFERENCE

1. RELATIVE CLAUSES

Las oraciones relativas son oraciones subordinadas que modifican a un sustantivo.

Example: John read the book that Mary bought.

La parte subrayada es la oración relativa. La parte en negrita es el sustantivo al que hace

referencia la oración relativa.

Hay dos tipos de oraciones relativas en inglés:

 Defining relative clauses

 Non-defining relative clauses

Este año trabajaremos las primeras.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

WHO Hace referencia a personas She is the woman who lives next
door
WHICH Hace referencia a cosas I lost the map which she gave me
WHOSE Hace referencia a posesiones This is the girl whose father is a
lawyer
WHEN Se refiere a un momento Christmas Day is a day when
people are happy
WHERE Se refiere a un lugar We visited the house where our
father was born
THAT Puede sustituir a “who” y This is the man that I met
“which” yesterday
This is the photo that shows my
house

That, who y which se pueden omitir si van seguidos de un nombre o pronombre, es decir, si NO
son el sujeto de la oración.

John is the man (who) we saw yesterday at the restaurant.

I´ve bought the CD (which) Laura recommended to me.

That, who y which nunca se omiten si SON el sujeto de la oración.

He is the man who lives next door

This is the Photo that shows my house

Las frases de relativo sirven para unir dos oraciones y evitar repeticiones.

The woman is a doctor. The woman lives next door.

The woman who lives next door is a doctor

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 UNIT 6: GRAMMAR REFERENCE

2. TOO-ENOUGH-TOO MUCH-TOO MANY

Para describir una “cantidad excesiva de algo: demasiado, demasiada, demasiados,

demasiadas” usamos TOO MUCH con nombres incontables y TOO MANY con nombres contables.

*TOO MANY/TOO MUCH y ENOUGH (“suficiente/suficientes”) van delante de nombres.

Ex: There’s too much noise in here.

Did you bring enough money?
He didn’t get the job because he didn’t have enough experience.
I want to go on holiday but I haven’t got enough money.

TOO (“demasiado”) va delante de adjetivos o adverbios.

ENOUGH (“lo suficiente”) va detrás de adjetivos, verbos o adverbios.

Ex: Don’t walk on the grass. It’s too wet.

You never stop working. You work too hard.
The water isn’t hot enough. It needs to be boiling.
You won’t pass the examination if you don’t work hard enough.

ENOUGH/TOO + FOR
ENOUGH/TOO + TO

*Decimos “enough/too…for + noun”

Ex: I haven’t got enough money for a holiday

Have we got enough cups for everyone?

*Decimos “enough/too…to + inf”

Ex: He is too young to get married

I don’t have enough money to buy that car
He isn’t old enough to drive

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