5G is based on OFDM (Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing), a method of

modulating a digital signal across several different channels to reduce

interference. 5G uses 5G NR air interface alongside OFDM principles. 5G also uses
wider bandwidth technologies such as sub-6 GHz and mmWave.

Like 4G LTE, 5G OFDM operates based on the same mobile networking principles.
However, the new 5G NR air interface can further enhance OFDM to deliver a much
higher degree of flexibility and scalability. This could provide more 5G access to
more people and things for a variety of different use cases.

There are several reasons that 5G will be better than 4G:

• 5G is significantly faster than 4G

• 5G has more capacity than 4G
• 5G has significantly lower latency than 4G
• 5G is a unified platform that is more capable than 4G
• 5G uses spectrum better than 4G

Speed and Capacity: Compared to earlier generations, 5G delivers noticeably higher

data rates. It has the capacity to attain peak rates of up to 10 gigabits per
second (Gbps), making it possible to stream high-definition material smoothly and
download files quickly. A huge number of linked devices can be supported by 5G
networks at once, which makes it the perfect choice for the expanding Internet of
Things (IoT) ecosystem.

Low Latency: Low latency, or the amount of time it takes for data to move between
devices, is one of the most noticeable characteristics of 5G. One millisecond or
less latency is what 5G networks are aiming to accomplish. For applications like
driverless vehicles, remote surgery, and virtual reality games, this almost
immediate reaction is essential.

Enhanced connection: 5G networks employ cutting-edge innovations like millimetre

wave frequency and beamforming to provide enhanced connection. In highly crowded
locations, these technologies assist reduce signal interference, improve coverage,
and offer more dependable connections.

Challenges of 5G for communication

Despite the potential benefits of 5G for communication, there are also some
challenges and limitations that need to be addressed. For instance, 5G requires a
massive investment in infrastructure, spectrum, and devices, as well as
interoperability and standardization among different operators and vendors.
Additionally, 5G involves complex and dynamic regulatory frameworks, such as
spectrum allocation, data privacy, and cybersecurity, that vary across different
countries and regions. Moreover, 5G depends on the adoption and acceptance of
users, who may have different needs, preferences, and expectations. Furthermore, 5G
poses some technical challenges, such as interference, security, and power
consumption, as well as ethical and social issues, such as digital inclusion,
environmental impact, and human rights. Finally, 5G requires user education and
awareness, as well as addressing some concerns, such as health risks,
misinformation, and cost.

Use Cases and Applications: The 5G network's fast speeds, low latency, and higher
capacity present a number of novel opportunities and applications in a variety of
industries. Smart cities, autonomous mobility, remote monitoring and control,
augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and improved healthcare services are
a few examples of potential use cases.
Infrastructure and Deployment: To implement 5G, a strong infrastructure that
consists of a dense network of small cells, base stations, and fibre optic
connections is needed. Network providers are steadily expanding coverage in various
areas as part of the continuing 5G rollout process. However, because suitable
devices and upgraded infrastructure are required, it can take some time before it
is widely used.

While there are many advantages to 5G, it's important to note that there are also
conversations about possible drawbacks such network security, privacy issues, and
the digital divide. However, 5G technology has the potential to transform a number
of sectors and open the door to cutting-edge applications that might alter the way
we communicate, work, and live.

When will 5G be available to more people?

5G phones are already available at affordable prices. In fact, 5G is now offered
across all tiers of the current portfolio of Qualcomm Snapdragon mobile platforms,
from 8- to 4-series. This makes 5G accessible to more than 3.5 billion smartphone
users globally.

Final Thoughts
5G subscriptions are rising in every region worldwide and forecast to reach 1.5
billion by the end of 2023. Global mobile network data traffic continues to grow
with the monthly global average usage per smartphone expected to exceed 20 GB by
the end of 2023.
5G subscriptions in India reached about 10 million by end of 2022 and are estimated
to account for about 57 percent of mobile subscriptions in the country by the end
of 2028, making it the fastest growing 5G region globally. It will facilitate the
launch of new services like home broadband (5G FWA), enhanced video, multiplayer
mobile gaming, and AR/VR services. Greenfield networking will allow industry
participants to invest in new technology stacks such as passive optical networks,
fibre optic switching, and 5G Radio (5G NR) technology. Existing and new greenfield
sites will undergo hybridisation to provide stability and cut costs. In a nutshell,
the life-changing 5G technology will potentially attract massive investments from
telco giants to support innovations and enhance business efficiency.