Boating Safety Handbook CH 1

CHAPTER 1
ESSENTIALS FOR SAFE BOATING
19 VICTORIAN RECREATIONAL BOATING SAFETY HANDBOOK
2021_updated_TSV_10042_Boating Safety Handbook 2018_CHAPTER_01_FA.indd 19 22/07/2021 2:57:42 PM

ESSENTIALS FOR SAFE BOATING
CHAPTER 1:
VICTORIAN RECREATIONAL BOATING SAFETY HANDBOOK 20

BEFORE YOU GO BOATING 23
Maintaining your vessel 23
Raising the alarm (calling for help) 25
Safe loading 29
Vessel stability 31
Flotation32
Boating with children 33
HEIGHTENED RISK 34
SAFETY EQUIPMENT 35
Safety equipment exemptions 35
Safety equipment maintenance and placement 35
Length of vessel 36
Safety equipment carriage checklist: 37
– Powerboat 37
– PWC 37
– Yacht 38
– Off-the-beach sailing yacht 39
– Stand up paddleboard 39
– Human powered vessels (including kayak, canoe, raft and rowing boat) 40
– Funboat and pedalboat 40
Safety equipment features and standards 41
LIFEJACKET WEAR 45
When in an open area of a vessel that is underway 45
During times of heightened risk 45
Lifejacket types 46
Lifejackets on children 48
Lifejackets on babies and toddlers 48
Lifejacket maintenance 49
TRIP PREPARATION 50
Pre-trip check list 50
Let someone know before you go 50
Study the weather 51
WEATHER HAZARDS AND CONDITIONS 52
Be prepared 52
Know what the forecast is telling you 53
Waves53
Thunderstorms54
Offshore winds 55
Local knowledge 55
Navigational charts 55
CROSSING OCEAN BARS 56
Exercise extreme caution 56
Be aware 56
Preparing to cross a bar 56
Crossing a bar 56
Interstate boating 57

ENVIRONMENT AND WILDLIFE 59
ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
Whales, dolphins and seals 59
Recreational fishing regulations 59
Aquaculture fisheries reserves 59
FOR SAFE BOATING

MARINE NATIONAL PARKS AND MARINE SANCTUARIES 61
Restrictions61
Boundary markers 62
Publications and further information 62
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION 62

BEFORE YOU GO BOATING
VESSEL PART PRE
Before you go boating be prepared for
as many possibilities as you can. Have • A
Fuel tank
a vessel which is fit for the purpose for cl
which it will be used. Carrying safety
equipment relevant to the waterway, and
being able to raise the alarm will also • C
Fuel line
fit
dramatically reduce the chance of a small
incident having a catastrophic result.
• C
MAINTAINING YOUR VESSEL Fuel filter
ne
Keeping your vessel in good working

order or ‘winterising’ it, is a key to • D
• C
enjoying your activity. The table provides Fuel system (if you suspect any
• C
information about type of maintenance ethanol fuel blend has been used)
• H
required for each vessel part. Maintenance ch
periods are broken down into pre-season,
• C
mid-season and post-season.
w
Batteries
• R
TIPS FOR REFUELLING SAFELY cl
• No passengers are permitted on board

during refuelling or restarting. • C
Wiring
w
• Turn off the engine and electrical
equipment before refuelling.
• Don’t overfill your fuel tank and clean up
• C
spills immediately. Spark plugs
re
• Ventilate the tank and engine
compartments after refuelling.
• Don’t start the engine if you can detect
Steering gear and other moving parts • Lu
fumes.
• If possible, fill the fuel tanks away
from the vessel in a well-ventilated, no
smoking area. Cooling system • C
• When refuelling, use a wide-mouthed
funnel and clean up any splashes
immediately.
• Regularly check perishable fuel lines for Propeller • Sa
wear and tear and carry spares.
• Don’t keep oily or fuel-soaked rags
onboard. • C
Reserve buoyancy is
• Keep spare fuel in a tightly capped, w
secure container.
• C
Hull and outer surfaces • R
ap

ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
PRE-SEASON MID-SEASON POST-SEASON
FOR SAFE BOATING

• Store in dry place (vented)
• Avoid using old fuel Keep
• Check for water in fuel • If metal, swish with 2 stroke
clean and dry
oil
• Check for cracking and loose

• Watch for leaks • Drain
fittings
• Check and replace as

• Check and clean • Check and clean
necessary
• Drain and clean out tank • Do not leave ethanol fuel

• Clean fuel lines standing in any tanks • Drain all ethanol blended
• Change fuel filters • Check fuel filters fuel from tanks, fuel lines and
• Have engine fuel system • Monitor engine operating carburettors
checked and serviced temperature
• Check electrolyte, top up • Check electrolyte top up

with distilled water with distilled water • Check electrolyte, top up
• Recharge, check mountings, • Recharge, check mountings, with distilled water
clean terminals clean terminals
• Check for cracking, loose

wire and corrosion
• Watch for fouling, moisture

• Clean and check the gap or • Keep engine tuned
replace • Clean and check the gap as
necessary
• Lubricate all moving parts • Lubricate every 60 days • Lubricate before storing
• Flush with water

• Check ports for weeds • Drain all water by pull
• Clean passages
• Flush after use in salt water starting with plugs
disconnected
• Check condition
• Sand or file small nicks • Check regularly
• Repair if required
• Check condition and that it

• Regularly check it is securely
is securely in place, replace • Keep clean and dry
in place
worn or degraded materials
• Clean hull • Keep clean, touch up with

• Replace sacrificial anodes as • Keep clean paint (but don’t paint the
appropriate anodes)

RAISING THE ALARM (CALLING FOR HELP)
There are various ways of calling for help and it is important to be familiar with the
features and what is involved in using all the options.
Emergency position indicating radio Personal locator beacon (PLB)
beacon (EPIRB)
A PLB is smaller and more convenient to
The MSA requires that all recreational carry than an EPIRB. A PLB may not float
vessels venturing more than two in an orientation that provides good signal
nautical miles (nm) from the coast carry transmission. It may not have a lanyard
a registered, current EPIRB. Although and is required to operate for only 24
EPIRBs are only required when venturing hours. A PLB is not an EPIRB and does
more than 2 nm from the coast, EPIRBS not meet the legislative requirements for
can be useful for raising the alarm on the carriage of EPIRBs. However, MSV
any waterway. recommends that a PLB is worn by all
boaters who are boating alone.
An EPIRB is waterproof, will float upright
for best signal transmission and has a Beacon disposal
lanyard to attach it to yourself or a floating
Please do not throw unwanted beacons in
object. It is also advisable to purchase a
the bin - they can inadvertently activate if
model of EPIRB which features a strobe
incorrectly disposed of in the rubbish.
light and GPS enhancement to provide
searchers with a smaller search area. To dispose of unwanted distress beacons
(EPIRBs and PLBs):
Once activated, an EPIRB transmits a
distress signal for at least 48 hours that Option 1. Contact your local battery store
can be detected by satellite and overflying to check whether they can disconnect and
aircraft. EPIRB alerts detected off Victoria dispose of beacons. A small fee may apply.
are received by Australian Maritime Safety
Option 2. Check the beacon
Authority (AMSA) in Canberra and relayed
manufacturer’s instructions. They may
to the local rescue co-ordination centre.
provide instructions on how to disconnect
The EPIRB should be accessible but the beacon battery and how to correctly
stowed in a way to avoid accidental dispose of the beacon and battery.
activation.
After disposing of your unwanted beacon
Check the battery and registration expiry please advise AMSA by updating your
date on your EPIRB before taking out your online registration account at
vessel. When testing an EPIRB, strictly beacons.amsa.gov.au or phoning
follow the manufacturer’s instructions. 1800 406 406.
Compulsory registration of your EPIRB
is free. Visit beacons.amsa.gov.au or
call 1800 406 406. Registration details
must be updated when any of your
registered details change, or every two
years. Analogue 121.5MHz beacons are
no longer acceptable for use in the
maritime environment.

ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
Marine radio Marine radio channels
A marine radio is:
FOR SAFE BOATING

• A radio operating on DISTRESS CHANNELS/FREQUENCIES
VHF marine radio channels Radio Channel/Frequencies
• A radio operating on MF/
HF marine radio frequencies VHF 16 (67 alternative)
• A radio operating on HF (frequency) 4125,6215
27MHz marine radio channels and 8291 kHz
Marine radios provide a means of:
• calling for assistance if a 27 MHz radio is no longer recommended
vessel is in distress for marine use. Its broadcasting and
• monitoring and/or updating reception is not as reliable as VHF and
rescue operations it is not consistently monitored along
• positioning a vessel by radio the Victorian coastline.
direction finding
For emergency radio use and
• receiving weather forecasts
messages see chapter 3 about
• communications between vessels emergency procedures.
Marine Radio Victoria replaces Coast
Radio Melbourne and provides a marine
distress and emergency monitoring
system for Victorian Coastal waters.
Marine Radio Victoria uses a new VHF
coastal network completed in 2017.
Radio calls are monitored and recorded
24/7 along the entire Victorian
coastline to 20 nm from the coast.
Operators are also able to check
weather conditions and conduct radio
checks through Marine Radio Victoria.
Some Marine Search and Rescue
agencies provide track following
services along the coast on VHF
channels.
MF/HF radio for longer range
communications is based in Charleville.
Charleville Radio (VMC) monitors HF
distress channels 24/7 and provides
weather information services.

VHF Radio Marine radio operator certification
A marine radio is required on most vessels An operator’s certificate is required to
when venturing further than 2 nm from the transmit using VHF and HF radio.
coast.
Qualifications and The Marine Radio
Refer to safety equipment tables on pages Operator’s Handbook are available
37-40 to understand when a marine radio through the Australian Maritime College at
is required. amc.edu.au/industry/omc.
The Marine Radio Operator’s Handbook, MF/HF radio sets require an apparatus
available through the Australian Maritime licence administered by ACMA.
College at amc.edu.au/industry/omc,
For further information about marine radio
provides information on correct operating
requirements, including any changing
procedures, maintenance of equipment
requirements, please visit the Australian
and how to deal with minor faults at
Communications and Media Authority
sea. The person operating the marine
(ACMA) website: acma.gov.au
transceiver must hold an appropriate
qualification.
VHF MARINE RADIO CHANNELS
82 77 73
81 72
80
22 Recreational 78
21 VHF vessels
74
repeaters
72
Commercial
8
6 Search
and rescue DISTRESS vessels
operations AND CALLING 6
70
DSC 16 67 Commercial
fishing
77
vessels
72
74 Port
operations
19 71
14 2
13 6
12 9 8

Flares Using and maintaining flares
ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
All registered vessels are required Always delay using flares until you can
to carry two hand-held red distress see an aircraft, or until people on shore
flares and two hand-held orange or in other boats are in visual range.
FOR SAFE BOATING

smoke signal flares, of an approved
• Keep flares away from fuel and
type, when operating on coastal and combustibles.
enclosed waters. Additionally, when
• Ensure flares are stored in an
operating more than 2 nm offshore in
accessible but dry place, as they
coastal waters, a mechanically or sailed attract moisture.
powered vessel must carry one red star
• Be prepared – ensure everyone on
parachute rocket flare.
board your vessel knows where the
Orange smoke signals, which can be flares are stored and how to use them.
seen for up to 4 km (10 km by aircraft) • Ensure that you carefully follow the
should be used in daylight to pinpoint activation instructions of all flares.
your position. Expired flares
Red distress flares, which have a Approved smoke signals, distress
visibility range of 10 km, are designed flares and parachutes have expiry
for use at night but can also be seen dates clearly marked. Expired flares
during the day. should not be carried on your vessel.
A red star parachute distress rocket is Flares can become dangerous and
designed to fire a single red star to a unpredictable as they age. Their life
height of approximately 300 m. The span is usually three years and you
star burns while falling for at least 40 must ensure they are replaced when
seconds and can be seen from the the expiry date is reached.
greatest distance due to its intensity Boat owners should dispose of their
and elevation from sea level. expired flares at selected police
stations. Contact your local police
station for specific locations.

SAFE LOADING
The MSR requires that a person must Note:
not act as the master of a recreational
a. a child up to and including one year of
vessel or a hire and drive vessel that is age does not count for the purpose of
overloaded. Overloading is dangerous calculating maximum passengers
and seriously reduces the stability and
b. each child over one year and under
seaworthiness of your vessel. 12 years equals half an adult
A recreational vessel is overloaded if the c. on recreational vessels with individual
number of persons on board the vessel cockpits (for example, decked canoes
exceeds the maximum number of persons or kayaks), the number of persons
specified by the manufacturer of the carried on the vessel must not exceed
the number of individual cockpits,
vessel on a capacity plate or an Australian
irrespective of the age of the person.
Builder’s Plate (ABP). Or the number
specified against the vessel length in the
table below.
Vessels with a fly bridge are prone to
capsizing if the fly bridge is overloaded.
Unless specified by the manufacturer,
the maximum number of people which
can be carried in a recreational vessel is
represented in the table below.
LENGTH MAXIMUM
OF VESSEL PASSENGERS*
Less than 3 m Two people
3 m to less than 3.5 m Three people
3.5 m to less than 4.5 m Four people
4.5 m to less than 5 m Five people
5 m to less than 5.5 m Six people
5.5 m to less than 6 m Seven people
*WARNING: This is the maximum carrying capacity for good conditions. A reduction in the maximum number of persons
must be made in adverse conditions or when on the open sea. Capacity of a person is assessed at 75 kg per person with
an additional allowance of 15 kg per person for personal gear. A reduction in the number of persons must be made when
equipment and supplies exceed total weight allocated.

ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
FOR SAFE BOATING

VESSEL STABILITY
Overloading your boat seriously reduces
stability and free board making your boat
less able to resist waves and more likely to
be swamped and capsize.
Can heel
to 30°
CAN RESIST WAVES 300MM HIGH LIGHTLY LOADED WITH TWO PEOPLE
Can take no heel

before swamping
BOAT LOADED TO MAXIMUM OF FOUR PEOPLE CANNOT RESIST ANY WAVE

CAN HEEL LESS BEFORE SWAMPING

FLOTATION • provides a larger target for searchers
ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
to see (a vessel is easier to see than
The occupants of a swamped or people in the water)
flooded vessel will have a greatly • provides some shelter from wind
improved chance of survival if it
FOR SAFE BOATING

and weather.
remains floating, upright and level. This
can be achieved by correctly sized and Many vessels, if full of water, may not
fitted internal buoyancy because it: have sufficient buoyancy to support the
crew. If your vessel does not have an
• minimises the occupants’ immersion Australian Builders Plate (ABP), or if the
in water, avoiding drowning and plate does not state that the vessel has
hypothermia
level flotation, it may not have sufficient
• provides access to the vessel’s safety buoyancy. This can even apply to
equipment, such as flares, radios,
relatively new vessels as the ABP has
EPIRB or torch
only been required in Victoria since 2012.
Basic flotation
A vessel that is fitted with basic flotation is not designed to support passenger
weight when flooded. It may float at any orientation allowing occupants to hold, or
climb onto, the upturned hull.
Level flotation
Level flotation is when a boat continues to float in an upright position that allows
occupants to remain in the vessel, in calm water, and possibly bail it.

BOATING WITH CHILDREN • Teach them about stability, getting on
and off the boat, and distributing the
Many children love boating and other load evenly.
water activities. You can improve their • If they are old enough, show children
confidence—and your peace of mind— how to use safety equipment such as
by investing some time in training and the radio, EPIRB and flares.
education before you hit the water. • Before you take them boating,
• Show children around the vessel— encourage children to learn to swim,
especially where PFDs, the first aid kit and practise emergency positions
and other equipment are kept. in the water, such as treading water,
HELP (heat escape lessening posture)
• Teach them emergency procedures,
and Huddle.
particularly that if the boat capsizes
everyone should stay with it or an easily
seen floating object.

HEIGHTENED RISK
ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
Recreational boaters are at heightened What does underway mean?
FOR SAFE BOATING

risk when they are in a vessel that is
Underway means not at anchor, not
underway and is:
made fast to the shore, or aground.
• crossing or attempting to cross If you are drifting you are underway.
an ocean bar (see page 56), or Vessels travelling at any speed
operating within a Designated are at risk of being involved in an
Hazardous Area (see page 8) incident resulting in the occupants
• being operated by a person who is unexpectedly entering the water.
the only person on board the vessel
• being operated during the period While launching or retrieving, a vessel
commencing one hour after sunset being driven off or onto a trailer is
and ending one hour before sunrise considered to be underway if it is on
• disabled water.
• a yacht where no safety barriers When are you considered the
lifelines, rails, safety harnesses only person on the vessel?
or jacklines are in use
You are considered to be the only
• being operated during a period
of restricted visibility person on the vessel when you are
boating with a child or someone of
• being operated in an area where a
limited strength or mental capacity.
current warning of the following kind
has been issued by the Bureau of If there is another person on board
Meteorology: with you, they must be capable of:
– gale warning
• manoeuvring the vessel around to
– storm force wind warning
get you if you are in the water
– hurricane force wind warning
– severe thunderstorm warning • pulling you back on board if you
– severe weather warning fall out of the vessel and cannot
help yourself
• when there is significant likelihood
• returning the boat to the jetty or
that the vessel may capsize or be
beach if you are incapacitated
swamped by waves or the occupants
of the vessel may fall overboard or be • calling for help when necessary.
forced to enter the water
• when there is a restriction on the
ability to anticipate such an event,
such as when a hazard cannot be seen
• up to and including 4.8 metres, and
are in an open area of the vessel.
Heightened risk is not limited to when
the vessel is underway. When launching
and retrieving, vessels are often in
restricted areas and the risk of being
nudged by another vessel or bumping
into a jetty or other object is high.

What is meant by an open
area of a recreational vessel
SAFETY EQUIPMENT
(excluding kayaks and canoes)?
• All deck areas including coach roofs, The minimum safety equipment
superstructures, open fly bridges, requirements vary under the MSA
trampolines and nets, but excluding depending on the class of vessel being
areas within a rigid deckhouse, a rigid
operated, and in which areas and types
cabin, a rigid half-cabin or a securely
enclosed under-deck space. of waterways it’s operated.
• For vessels without a deck, the whole The tables overleaf show the
vessel, excluding areas within a rigid minimum safety equipment that
cabin, rigid half cabin or a securely must be carried on board each class
enclosed space. of vessel, such as powerboat, yacht
Reducing risk or human powered vessels.
During times of heightened risk, it is critical See Lifejacket Wear section (page 45)
that you know how to handle your vessel for lifejacket types.
and know what safety equipment you
need, particularly what lifejacket you SAFETY EQUIPMENT EXEMPTIONS
need to wear. Use the lifejacket selector at A person operating a vessel on Victorian
wearalifejacket.vic.gov.au waters who normally resides outside
It is extremely difficult (and in some Victoria is exempt from carrying the
circumstances impossible) to put a life prescribed safety equipment for a
jacket on if you are in the water. Avoid period of up to three months provided
this situation by wearing your life jacket the vessel complies with the safety
at all times and requiring the occupants equipment requirements of their home
of your vessel to do so. state or territory.
All interstate visitors must comply with the
requirements to wear personal flotation
devices (lifejackets) under the conditions
required in marine safety law.
SAFETY EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE

AND PLACEMENT
All safety equipment worn or carried on
board must be:
• easily accessible
• kept in good working condition
• maintained or serviced in a way that
ensures it can be operated in the way
that it was designed to be operated, and
• serviced on or before the date specified
by the manufacturer.

LENGTH OF VESSEL
ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
length of hull ( )
The length of a vessel is important to
know when estimating:
FOR SAFE BOATING

• vessel carrying capacity
• the number of fire extinguishers
to be carried
• when lifejackets are to be worn when
in an open area of a vessel that is
underway.
The length of vessel means the length
of the hull (LH) and it determines the length of hull ( )
safety equipment requirements for
your vessel. This includes all structural
and integral parts of the craft, such as
wooden, plastic or metal stem or sterns,
bulwarks and hull/deck joints. This
length excludes removable parts that
can be detached in a non-destructive
manner without affecting the structural
integrity of the craft, for example,
outboard motors, swimming platforms,
bowsprits, fittings or attachments.
length of hull ( )
ou are at heightened risk at all

Y
times when you are in an open
area of a vessel that is underway
and the vessel is up to and
including 4.8 metres.
length of hull ( )

SAFETY EQUIPMENT CARRIAGE CHECKLIST – POWERBOAT
(bays and estuaries)

(<2 nm from shore)
(>2 nm from coast)
Coastal offshore
Coastal inshore
(rivers, lakes
POWERBOAT
and dams)
Enclosed
Inland
Type
Lifejacket (per person on board/towed) Type 1 Type 1 Type 1
1, 2 or 3
Where any fuel is carried, refer to fire fighting

Approved fire extinguisher equipment tables in this chapter on page 44
to determine number and capacity required.
Waterproof buoyant torch 1 1 1 1
Anchor and chain or line or both 1 1 1
Bailer (if no electric or manual bilge pumping system) 1 1 1 1
Bucket with lanyard (can also double as a bailer) 1 1 1 1
Electric or manual bilge pumping system (if vessel has covered

bilge or closed underfloor compartments other than airtight 1 1 1 1
void spaces)
Pair of oars with rowlocks or pair of paddles (if vessel is up to

1 1 1 1
and including 4.8 m)
Hand held orange smoke signals 2 2 2
Hand held red distress flares 2 2 2
Lifebuoy (if vessel is more than 8 m but less than 12 m in length) 1 1 1 1
Lifebuoy (if vessel is more than 12 m in length) 2 2 2 2
Dinghy or liferaft (if vessel is more than 12 m in length) 1 1
Compass 1
Marine radio 1
Red star parachute distress rocket 1
Registered EPIRB 1
SAFETY EQUIPMENT CARRIAGE CHECKLIST – PWC

PWC All waters
Lifejacket (per person on board/towed) Type 1, 2 or 3
Waterproof buoyant torch 1
Registered EPIRB 1 if more than 2 nm from coast (coastal offshore)

SAFETY EQUIPMENT CARRIAGE CHECKLIST – YACHT
ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
(<2 nm from shore)
(>2 nm from coast)
Coastal offshore
Coastal inshore
FOR SAFE BOATING

(rivers, lakes
YACHT
and dams)
Enclosed
Inland
Type Type
Lifejacket (per person on board/towed) Type 1 Type 1
1 or 2 1 or 2
Where any fuel is carried, refer to fire fighting

Approved fire extinguisher equipment tables in this chapter on page 44
to determine number and capacity required.
Waterproof buoyant torch 1 1 1 1
Anchor and chain or line or both 1 1 1
Bucket with lanyard (can also double as a bailer) 1 1 1 1
Electric or manual bilge pumping system (if vessel

has covered bilge or closed underfloor compartments 1 1 1 1
other than airtight void spaces)
Hand held orange smoke signals 2 2 2
Hand held red distress flares 2 2 2
Lifebuoy (if vessel is more than 8 m but less than 12 m
1 1 1 1
in length)
Lifebuoy (if vessel is more than 12 m in length) 2 2 2 2
Dinghy or liferaft (if vessel is more than 12 m in length) 1 1
Compass 1
Marine radio 1
Red star parachute distress rocket 1
Registered EPIRB 1
RECREATIONAL TENDER
All occupants on a recreational tender must wear a Type 1 lifejacket on
coastal waters, a Type 1 or 2 on enclosed waters, and either a Type 1, 2 or 3
on inland waters.

SAFETY EQUIPMENT CARRIAGE CHECKLIST – OFF-THE-BEACH SAILING YACHT

(<2 nm from shore)
(>2 nm from coast)
Coastal offshore
Coastal inshore
(rivers, lakes
OFF-THE-BEACH SAILING YACHT
and dams)
Enclosed
Inland
Type Type Type
Lifejacket (per person on board/towed) Type 1
1 or 2 1 or 2 1 or 2
1 if vessel is not self-draining without

Bailer (if no electric or manual bilge pumping system)
intervention from the crew
Electric or manual bilge pumping system (if vessel has covered

bilge or closed underfloor compartments other than airtight 1 1 1 1
void spaces)
Hand held orange smoke signals 2
Hand held red distress flares 2
Compass 1
Marine radio 1
Red star parachute distress

1
rocket
Registered EPIRB 1
SAFETY EQUIPMENT CARRIAGE CHECKLIST – STAND UP PADDLEBOARD
STAND UP PADDLEBOARD
Coastal offshore
All other waters
(>2 nm from coast)
Type 1, 2 or 3
>400m from shore
Compass 1
Registered EPIRB 1

SAFETY EQUIPMENT CARRIAGE CHECKLIST – HUMAN POWERED VESSELS
ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
(<2 nm from shore)
(>2 nm from coast)
Coastal offshore
HUMAN POWERED VESSELS
Coastal inshore
FOR SAFE BOATING

(rivers, lakes
(INCLUDING KAYAK, CANOE,
and dams)
Enclosed
RAFT AND ROWING BOAT)
Inland
Type Type Type Type
Lifejacket (per person on board/towed)
1, 2 or 3 1, 2 or 3 1, 2 or 3 1, 2 or 3
Electric or manual bilge pumping system (if vessel has

covered bilge or closed underfloor compartments other 1 1 1 1
than airtight void spaces)
Spare oar with rowlock or spare paddle 1
Compass 1
Registered EPIRB 1
SAFETY EQUIPMENT CARRIAGE CHECKLIST – FUNBOAT AND PEDALBOAT
FUNBOAT AND PEDALBOAT All waters

SAFETY EQUIPMENT FEATURES For a lifejacket to comply with a particular
AND STANDARDS standard, certain information required
under that standard must be displayed.
This section outlines the minimum The current Standard for life jackets is
features and standards your safety Australian Standard 4758 (AS 4758). This
equipment requires to perform as you Standard has replaced Australian Standard
expect when needed. 1512–1996, Australian Standard 1499–1996
Lifejacket (also known as a personal and Australian Standard 2260–1996.
flotation device (PFD)) standards Some international lifejackets are now
All lifejackets that are manufactured to also accepted as alternatives to Australian
comply with the Australian Standard, Standards. To obtain a list of all accepted
require legible markings that declare lifejackets visit wearalifejacket.vic.gov.au/
they meet the Standard. lifejacket-laws
Australian Standards Markings include: Beyond compliance
• the manufacturer’s name, trade name The safety equipment tables on pages
or trademark 37-40 represent minimum requirements
• the words PFD TYPE 1 - or level 275, 150 as described in the legislation (see Acts
or 100, PFD TYPE 2 - or level 50, or PFD and Regulations section). You should
TYPE 3 - or level 50 special purpose make a safety assessment of your vessel
• manufacturer’s model identification, batch operations and determine whether more
identification and year of manufacture equipment is required to take reasonable
• intended body mass range care of everyone’s safety. Thinking beyond
the minimum compliance requirements
• illustrated instructions for donning the PFD
will also give you a better boating
• instructions for storage and care
experience.
• information relating to replacement or
checking of gas cylinders of inflatable Although not prescribed under Victorian
PFDs. Lifejackets with a Standards law, there are many extra items that the
Australia mark must also carry a label master of a vessel can carry on board
identifying the level number. their vessel that can be easily acquired
and at reasonable cost. For example, it is
You can ensure your lifejackets are
recommended that you have:
compliant with the Australian standards
by shopping for jackets bearing the • a first-aid kit
compliance marks of accredited • adequate drinking water
certification bodies. • a basic tool-kit
• an EPIRB on all waters
BSI Benchmark Global Mark SAI Global • a PLB
• red, parachute rocket flares on all waters.

Anchors
ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
An anchor is an important item of equipment and should be selected carefully.
Choose an anchor that will suit your circumstances and the area of operation.
The most common are:
FOR SAFE BOATING

DANFORTH
• recommended for small craft

• small, light, easy to handle
• xcellent holding power, especially in sand, but may
e
get caught on reefs.
PLOUGH
• suited to larger and heavier vessels

• xcellent holding power, but best suited to mud; may
e
get caught on reefs.
GRAPNEL
• flexible prongs (suitable for anchoring on reefs)

• s uited to snag and rock conditions (for example,
the River Murray)
SARCA (SAND AND ROCK COMBINATION ANCHOR)
• superb holding power

• ulti-purpose—suited to mud, sand, gravel and rock
m
bottoms not suited to snags (for example, the River
Murray).
SEA ANCHOR OR DROGUE (NOT AN APPROVED ANCHOR)

• t his may be anything that can be used for offshore boating
to slow rate of drift, eg. a large bucket trailing behind the
vessel (drogue) or from the bow (sea anchor).
• sea anchor or drogue will not hold your vessel fast, so if
a
using a sea anchor you must also carry an approved type of
anchor.

ANCHOR LINE SELECTION TIPS
Consider the following points in The use of a length of chain between
selecting the line you will be using: the anchor and line is recommended.
The purpose of the chain is to keep
• don’t use a line that floats such
as polypropylene as it inhibits the shank of the anchor down as
the anchor’s ability to dig in and is near as possible to parallel to the sea
prone to being cut by other propellers bottom. As a guide, the length of the
• nylon and silver ropes have strength, chain should be approximately equal
stretching ability and resistance to to the length of the vessel. For further
abrasion, and don’t easily float in water information on anchoring, refer to
• nylon is stronger than silver rope. the Anchoring section in the Safe
Operation chapter.

Fire extinguishers Fire blankets
ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
The master of a recreational vessel that If a vessel has cooking facilities located
carries fuel on board (excluding PWCs), within an enclosed space on the vessel,
or that is equipped with an electric the master of the vessel must ensure
FOR SAFE BOATING

start motor, gas installation or fuel that a fire blanket is positioned in a
stove, must ensure that: conspicuous location and that it is
readily accessible to a person using the
• the vessel is equipped with the
number of portable fire extinguishers cooking facilities.
prescribed (see table below) A fire blanket must comply with
• at least one of those portable fire Australian Standard AS/NZS
extinguishers is of the minimum 3504:2006 “Fire blankets”.
nominal capacity prescribed (see
table below) Fixed fire extinguishing systems
• one of the portable fire extinguishers In some circumstances, vessels fitted
is positioned adjacent to the engine with a fixed fire extinguishing system
and fuel carrying spaces of the vessel
can be exempt from the requirement to
and is readily accessible
carry a portable fire extinguisher of the
• when more than one fire extinguisher minimum nominal capacity.
is required to be carried they must
be located in separate positions on A fixed fire extinguishing system must
the vessel. comply with International Standard
ISO 9094-1:2003(E) Part 1 or 9094-
2:2002(E) Part 2 ‘Small craft - Fire
protection’.
NUMBER OF PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS REQUIRED TO BE

CARRIED ON A VESSEL
Vessel size Number required
Less than 8 m 1 (of the minimum nominated capacity)
8 to 12 m 2 (one of the minimum nominated capacity)
More than 12 m 3 (one of the minimum nominated capacity)
MINIMUM CAPACITY OF PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS ON A VESSEL
Volume of flammable or combustible Minimum nominal capacity of fire

liquids that are able to be carried on vessel extinguisher
Less than 115 litres 0.9 kg
115 to 350 litres 2.0 kg
351 to 695 litres 4.5 kg
More than 695 litres 9.0 kg

LIFEJACKET WEAR
Under marine safety law, you are required to wear a lifejacket in the circumstances listed
below. Lifejackets must be correctly fastened when worn, otherwise penalties apply.
WHEN IN AN OPEN AREA OF DURING TIMES OF HEIGHTENED RISK

A VESSEL THAT IS UNDERWAY
All occupants of vessels listed above are
You are required to wear a specified to wear a specified lifejacket at times of
lifejacket when in an open area of a vessel heightened risk (see page 34) when in an
that is underway (see page 47) if you open area of a vessel that is underway.
are an occupant of any of the following: This also applies to occupants of the
following vessels:
• a power-driven vessel up to and
including 4.8 m in length • yachts (including monohull, trailerable
• an off-the-beach sailing yacht and multihull yachts but excluding off-
the-beach sailing yachts)
• a personal watercraft (PWC)
• power driven vessels greater than
• a canoe, kayak, raft or rowing boat
4.8 m and less than 12 m.
• a stand-up paddleboard, kiteboard
or sailboard when more than 400m
from shore
WEAR A LIFEJACKET WEBSITE
• pedal boat or fun boat Try our lifejacket selector at
• recreational tender. wearalifejacket.vic.gov.au

LIFEJACKET TYPES
ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
Lifejackets come in a variety of types with different characteristics and are also
referred to as PFDs (personal flotation device).
FOR SAFE BOATING

Type 1 - Level 100 and over
A lifejacket Type 1 provides a high level of buoyancy and keeps the wearer in a safe
floating position. They are made in high visibility colours with reflective patches.
Type 2 – Level 50
A lifejacket Type 2 is a buoyancy vest. It provides less buoyancy than a lifejacket
Type 1 but sufficient to keep you afloat.
Type 3 – Level 50S

A lifejacket Type 3 is a buoyancy garment. It has similar buoyancy to a lifejacket
Type 2 but is manufactured in a wide variety of colours and is shaped or equipped
for particular activities.

The information below details the requirements for which specified lifejacket
must be worn.
LIFEJACKET WEAR REQUIREMENTS
ENCLOSED INLAND
VESSEL CLASS COASTAL WATERS WATERS WATERS
Powerboat up to and including

Type 1 Type 1 Type 1, 2 or 3
4.8 m in length
Powerboat more than 4.8m but

not more than 12 m in length (at Type 1 Type 1 Type 1, 2 or 3
times of heightened risk)
Personal watercraft Type 1, 2 or 3 Type 1, 2 or 3 Type 1, 2 or 3
A person who is being towed by a vessel must wear a

Towed sport
lifejacket at all times.
Recreational tender Type 1 Type 1 or 2 Type 1, 2 or 3
Type 1
if >2 nm from coast,
Off-the-beach sailing yacht Type 1 or 2 Type 1, 2 or 3
Type 1 or 2
if <2 nm from coast
Yacht (at times of heightened risk) Type 1 Type 1 or 2 Type 1, 2 or 3
Kiteboard or sailboard Type 1, or 2 Type 1, 2 or 3 Type 1, 2 or 3
Type 1, 2 or 3 Type 1, 2 or 3 Type 1, 2 or 3

Canoe, kayak, rowing boat,
raft, stand-up paddleboard,
pedal boat or fun boat Please note: A person operating a stand-up paddleboard,
kiteboard or sailboard no more than 400m from the shore, is
not required to wear a lifejacket.
Scuba or hookah diving equipment

A person who is wearing, or in the process of donning or
(underwater breathing apparatus
removing, diving equipment is not required to wear a
of a kind that is self-contained
lifejacket.
(scuba) or is surface supplied)

LIFEJACKETS ON CHILDREN LIFEJACKETS ON BABIES AND TODDLERS
ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
The master of a recreational vessel MSV does not recommend taking
or a hire and drive vessel that is infants on board a recreational boat.
underway must ensure that every
FOR SAFE BOATING

The varying weight distribution of
person aged less than 10 years old
babies means it is difficult to design
who is on an open area of the vessel
jackets which have flotation in the
wears a lifejacket at all times. Penalties
right places to keep them afloat.
apply when lifejackets are not worn.
The lifejackets currently available for
When choosing a lifejacket for a child,
newborns up to 10 kilograms may
care must be taken to ensure that the
not provide a proper fit or perform
garment fits the child and that small
as expected. You must be sure the
children do not slip out when they are
lifejacket you have works for your
in the water. Where possible, a child’s
infant. MSV recommends that children
lifejacket that features a crotch strap is
are not exposed to any risk on a boat
strongly recommended, as it assists to
on the water.
hold the child in the jacket.

LIFEJACKET MAINTENANCE
Lifejackets must be maintained in Self-inspection
accordance with manufacturers’
A self-inspection is a yearly activity carried
recommendations to ensure the devices
out by the owner of the lifejacket. See
continue to operate the way they are
wearalifejacket.vic.gov.au/looking-after-
supposed to. Refer to the manufacturers’
your-lifejacket
website or information provided at time
of sale for full servicing details relevant to Professional service
your lifejacket.
A professional service is carried out
Lifejacket style and maintenance by an agent approved by the lifejacket
manufacturer.
Inflatable lifejackets need to be inspected
and serviced periodically, in order to Most manufacturers provide a
comply with the legislation. maintenance schedule including self-
checking inspection and periodic
Buoyant lifejackets, such as foam
servicing by an approved service agent.
lifejackets, should be self-inspected
regularly. Check for mould, wear and tears. If you have any concern, contact the
manufacturer or place of purchase.
Get to know your lifejacket
There are some simple checks that can be
carried out regularly: emember that your lifejacket is a
R
• Look over the jacket for any signs of life saving device. Care for it as
physical damage that has occurred though your life depends on it.
during storage or use. One day it might.
• Make sure the indicator on inflatable
lifejackets is green and that the CO2
cylinder is in good condition and
screwed down tight on the ‘O’ ring.
• Check the lifejacket’s fabric, flotation,
zippers, buckles, waist belts and all
fastenings for signs of excessive wear,
cracking, fraying or anything to indicate
possible loss of strength or flotation.

TRIP PREPARATION
ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
Every accident or incident is unique but • Get information about the area
FOR SAFE BOATING

a common theme is that multiple things you are operating in, that is, how
go wrong. Almost all incidents can be to get there, how long it will take,
minimized or prevented completely how to get back, and what safety or
specialist equipment you may need.
with good pre-trip planning and by
making good decisions. • Check the sea conditions, tide levels,
current, tidal and river flows, weather
Thorough preparation gives the master and bar conditions as appropriate.
of a vessel the best opportunity to make • Find out about any local dangers and
good decisions while on the water. special rules or regulations for the area.
The master of a recreational vessel • Consider undertaking a coastal
should always undertake a safety navigation course.
assessment of the particular vessel • Carry the appropriate chart for the
and its intended operation. In addition area in which you will be navigating.
to the minimum safety equipment
carried in accordance with the MSR, PRE-TRIP CHECK LIST
the master should ensure the vessel A thorough check of vessel, equipment
is carrying any additional safety and weather before each trip is
equipment that may be appropriate recommended for safer boating.
to control risks to acceptable levels. Download your pre-trip checklist flyer
from the TSV website transportsafety.
vic.gov.au/msv/trip-prep or obtain
a hard copy from MSV, from
information@transportsafety.vic.gov.au
LET SOMEONE KNOW BEFORE YOU GO

Always let someone know where you
I’ve gone boating
are going, your point of departure and HERE ARE MY TRIP DETAILS FOR (DATE): / /
when you plan to return. Agree on I am departing at: am/pm (please circle)
next steps or who to call if you haven’t I am departing from:
returned as planned. Also provide My trip intentions are:
your contact person a description I will return no later than: am/pm (please circle)
or photo of your vessel, vessel Number of people onboard (including me):
registration number and details of the Weather expected:
number of passengers on board. This Keep a whiteboard marker handy to enter fresh trip details and ALWAYS inform a
relative or a friend of your boating plans by leaving them with this card. If you fail to
will assist emergency services, should return by the time specified they should CALL 000 IMMEDIATELY
Ensure there is a
the need arise. If your plans change, PFD for everyone on

board, appropriate for PLACE PICTURE
OF YOUR BOAT HERE
let someone know. TO ASSIST POLICE WITH
VESSEL IDENTIFICATION IN
If things do go wrong, THE EVENT OF A SEARCH
stay with your boat.
Download or request a handy
DOT6504/11
VALUABLE INFORMATION ON THE BACK

‘I’ve gone boating’ trip details flyer at
transportsafety.vic.gov.au/msv/gone- LIFE JACKETS SAVE LIVES!
transportsafety.vic.gov.au
boating

STUDY THE WEATHER
Base your decision to go out on the MetEye
water on the knowledge of what weather
MetEye shows the official forecasts
conditions you, others on board and your
produced by the Bureau of Meteorology in
boat can handle.
an interactive map. Forecasts are available
Weather forecasts and warnings produced for wind, waves, weather and much more
by the Bureau of Meteorology are available in three hourly increments for up to seven
on all media. It is vitally important to be days ahead.
aware of the current weather conditions in
Marine Lite
the area you plan to boat in, and also how
conditions will develop over the course of For boaters in areas of marginal mobile
your trip – and a bit longer, just in case. phone coverage, or whose offshore
access is limited to satellite internet
Internet
communication channels, text only
Visit bom.gov.au/marine for the latest webpages of the Bureau’s Marine
weather charts, satellite and radar images forecasts and warnings are provided at
as well as warnings and forecasts for the bom.gov.au/marine/lite.
next four days. This site also provides links
VHF Radio weather services
to tidal information, sunset and sunrise
times as well as full schedules for all radio Marine Radio Victoria (MRV) provides
and phone services. Before heading out, twice daily local weather forecasts on VHF
run through the five vital weather safety radio, with instructions and broadcast times
checks to be prepared. announced regularly on Channel 16. MRV
also broadcast current weather warnings
at 00:47, 02:48, 04:48, 06:48, 08:48,
10:48, 12:48, 14:48, 16:48, 18:48, 20:48 and
22:48 eastern standard time (EST) on VHF
channel 67 following the initial broadcast
until notice of the cancellation is received
by the Bureau of Meteorology.
The Bureau of Meteorology broadcasts
weather forecasts to eastern Australia
bom.gov.au/marine/knowledge-centre/hazards.shtml from Charleville Radio on:
8176 and 12365kHz – all hours, 4426 and
16546kHz – all day (7am-6pm) and 2201,
HF 6507kHz – by night (6pm-7am)
Scheduled broadcast times for Victorian
coastal waters are: 0130, 0530, 0930, 1330,
1730 and 2130 EST (add one hour for EDST).
Warnings are broadcast every hour
starting 0000 EST.
Please refer to transportsafety.vic.gov.au/
msv/radio for more information on Marine
Radio Victoria.
bom.gov.au/app/

WEATHER HAZARDS
ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
AND CONDITIONS
FOR SAFE BOATING

Check the weather forecasts and BE PREPARED
warnings, which are regularly updated
Weather conditions on Victorian
and give warnings of strong winds and
waters can change very quickly and
gales. Sudden squalls are not easy to
a hot day can deteriorate into a cold
predict in Victoria, so keep a sharp
and windy one.
lookout and regularly check the horizon
for tell-tale clouds or whitecap waves. Be prepared by:
If caught out in bad weather head for • taking warm clothing
sheltered water, for example, the shore • knowing what to do in reduced visibility
or the protected side of an island. • understanding what the clouds
If possible, head into the wind and tell you about wind direction
and strength
waves at a steady speed.
• having a global positioning system
Squalls usually last only for a short (GPS), charts and maps to help
period. It is often best to ride them out, you navigate
keeping your bow into the wind and • recognising that weather changes can
maintaining a speed sufficient to give create a situation of heightened risk.
you steering. Don’t let the vessel drift
side on to the wind and waves, your
vessel may take on water or capsize.
I f your vessel does not have

power or anchor, drag a sea
anchor from the bow, keeping
the bow into the wind and
waves. A sturdy bucket or oar
on a rope may make an
adequate sea anchor.

KNOW WHAT THE FORECAST expected for short periods of time within
IS TELLING YOU the forecast period. Forecasts may not
reflect local conditions where topographic
Wind can change direction and influences might channel or block wind
strength very quickly. It is important and affect wave development. Vessel
to understand the key terms when operators should be familiar with local
reading a weather report. variations in certain wind streams before
• Wind speed over the water is given in venturing out – ask the locals for advice.
knots. Wind mentioned in forecasts
refers to the average wind over a 10 WAVES
minute period at a height of 10 m.
Wave heights mentioned in forecasts
• Gusts are increases in wind speed
lasting for just a few seconds. They refer to significant wave height – being
typically range 30-40 per cent greater the average of the highest one third of
than the average wind speed. waves. Larger waves do occur, especially
• Squalls are a sudden large increase in regions where tides and currents
in wind speed (usually accompanied by oppose wind-driven wave direction. Be
a change in wind direction) that lasts aware of offshore winds and changes in
several minutes and then suddenly dies. wave height as you get further offshore i.e
Altona below.
The Bureau of Meteorology issues a:
Strong wind warning MOST FREQUENTLY ENCOUNTERED

MAXIMUM WAVE HEIGHT
For winds averaging more than 25 knots (TWICE THE SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT)
and up to 33 knots
Gale warning
SIGNIFICANT
For winds averaging 34 knots and up to WAVE HEIGHT
47 knots A
B C
Storm warning
For winds averaging 48 knots or more

EXAMPLE OF WAVE HEIGHTS ON PORT PHILLIP
WIND DIRECTION:
NW / WIND SPEED: 20 KNOTS
Altona
aritime Safety Victoria strongly
M
Laverton
W
advises operators of small craft

IN
D
not to go boating when one of Point Cook Moorabbin

the above weather warnings has Fawkner
been issued. Beacon
Avalon
Port Arlington
The Bureau of Meteorology’s marine

forecasts describe mean conditions over South
Channel
reasonably large areas such as Northern
0 - 0.5
Bass Strait or Port Phillip. Reference to
0.5 - 1.0 M
squalls and thunderstorms alert vessel N
1.0 - 1.2 M
operators to adverse weather conditions
> 1.2 M

THUNDERSTORMS
ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
Thunderstorms are a serious hazard for Safety hints
boats. Cumulonimbus or thunderstorm
• Ensure you are carrying the
clouds (see diagram) produce strong,
FOR SAFE BOATING

prescribed safety equipment.
gusty winds that blow out from the
• Ensure you wear a lifejacket where
front of the storm. If you see this type
required and consider wearing a
of cloud, you should watch which way lifejacket at all times while operating
it is moving – clouds often move in a vessel.
different directions from the wind at
• Know the local factors that influence
the surface. If it looks like it will pass sea conditions and know where
over or within a few kilometres of you, shelter can be reached quickly.
head for shore immediately. • Learn how to read the weather map.
• Be aware that the weather map in
the morning newspaper was drawn
the day before.
• Always check the latest forecast
and warnings before going to sea
and know what conditions exceed
your safety limits.
• Beware of rapidly darkening
and lowering cloud – squalls may
be imminent.
• When at sea, listen to the weather
reports on public or marine radio.
• Be flexible – change your plans
if necessary.
• Be prepared to head back to
shore regardless of how far you
have travelled.
• Be prepared for changes in
conditions and take warm clothing.

OFFSHORE WINDS LOCAL KNOWLEDGE
In offshore winds, sea conditions In addition to complying with the
deteriorate the further you are from the appropriate Victorian boating legislation
shore. The relatively smooth conditions at and requirements, it is important to
the water’s edge are not true indications find out if there are any special local
of the conditions further out. Wave size rules. Seek advice on local conditions
and whitecaps may not be visible as you and carry the appropriate navigational
are viewing the backs of the waves. Strong chart of the area in which you will be
offshore wind conditions may prevent navigating. Maps are available that show
you from being able to make your way shallow areas by figures or colours and
back to the shore. These hazards increase give accurate details of launching ramps
significantly when operating in offshore and anchorages. Contact local waterway
winds in remote locations and on large managers for local requirements.
expanses of water.
Safety hints
NAVIGATIONAL CHARTS
It is recommended that vessels carry a
• Know your location and the risks
involved - choose a suitable location navigational chart of the waters they are
for your activity and understand how navigating. Navigation charts should:
the wind direction and sea conditions • be suitable for navigation purposes
impact on the safety of that location
(seek local knowledge from someone if • be up to date
you are unfamiliar with the location). • help the operator plot a course or
• Check the weather when planning your destination
activity as well as on the actual day • identify navigation features including
(before you head out). the location of shipwrecks and other
• If operating near the coast understand submerged hazards, depth of water, and
the effects of topography on the wind the location of islands and hidden reefs
and know how to identify the lee (wind • show details such as navigation beacons
shadow) visually. and markers to harbours and channel
• Know your limitations and that of your entrances, transit zones and channels.
craft and equipment and ensure they GPS plotters, while useful, should
are suitable for the expected conditions never be relied on as the sole means of
and your planned activity.
information regarding your position and
• Do not rely on minimum safety course. A chart can help to determine
equipment requirements. your position which can be of importance
in an emergency.

CROSSING OCEAN BARS BE AWARE
ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
• Night crossings are more hazardous.
• Vessels attempting to cross a bar at,
The MSR defines an ocean bar as an or near, low water are more likely to
FOR SAFE BOATING

area in state waters comprising a ridge experience adverse conditions.
of sand or gravel near or slightly above
the surface of the water that: PREPARING TO CROSS A BAR
• is located near or at the entrance • Ensure deck openings, hatches and
to the sea from a bay, inlet, river or doors are securely battened down.
other waterway • Stow all loose gear and put on
• extends across the mouth of that bay, lifejackets if you aren’t already
inlet, river or waterway or parallel to wearing them.
the shore
• is permanent or occurs from time CROSSING A BAR
to time.
• Monitor the:
This includes all waters within 500m of – prevailing wind
the ridge/bar. – wave pattern timing, that is,
look for sets
There are many bar crossings in Victoria, – course to follow
including the entrances to: – bar traffic
• Andersons Inlet – alternate routes.
• Lakes Entrance • Motor slowly toward the breaking
• Marlo waves looking for the area where
• Barwon Heads waves break least or not at all.
• Mallacoota • If there seems no break in the waves,
• McLoughlins Beach slowly power through each oncoming
The MSR requires that a lifejacket must wave.
be worn on certain recreational vessels • Ensure that you are not going too
and hire and drive vessels during times of fast over each wave as this would
heightened risk, such as when crossing cause the vessel to ‘bottom out’ if
it dives heavily.
or attempting to cross an ocean bar.
• If possible, make the crossing with
Contact local water police, port the waves slightly on the bow so that
authorities, waterway managers, the vessel gently rolls over the crest
fishing and boating clubs, tackle of each wave.
shops, chandleries and commercial • When approaching from sea, increase
operators for advice on bar conditions power of the vessel to catch up to the
and peculiarities. Assess weather bigger set of waves and position the
conditions and obtain tide information. vessel on the back of a wave. Do not
Observe local operators crossing the surf down the face of a wave
bar but do not cross if you are not More advice at transportsafety.vic.gov.
adequately prepared. au/msv/ocean-bars
EXERCISE EXTREME CAUTION

• Conditions on a bar change quickly rossing bars can be dangerous.
C
and without warning. Make sure you are adequately
prepared. If in doubt, don’t go out.
• No amount of experience or boat
type makes crossing a bar safe.

Safe boating on
NSW waterways
When it comes to the Murray River, which borders
Victoria and New South Wales, the laws of NSW apply
INTERSTATE BOATING
When boating interstate you are required to adhere to the safety and operating
rules imposed by that state. Victorians visiting other states or territories should
contact the relevant local authority prior to travel to ensure compliance with safety
equipment and other operating requirements.

Wear a lifejacket Personal watercraft
ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
In NSW, appropriate lifejackets must In NSW, you must hold a PWC
be carried for everyone on board (in licence to drive a PWC. Operators
most cases) and the must be worn and passengers must wear approved
FOR SAFE BOATING

in a range of situations on different lifejackets at all times. PWC use is
types and sizes of vessels and at prohibited between sunset and sunrise
times of heightened risk. For example, in NSW.
children under 12 years old must wear
Go easy on the drink
a lifejacket at all times on vessels less
than 4.8 metres and in open areas of Both states have strict limits on blood
vessels under 8 metres while underway. alcohol levels for recreational boat
operators. Don’t go boating under the
If using inflatable lifejackets, they must
influence of alcohol.
be serviced at least annually or in
accordance with the manufacturers’ In NSW, the maximum permissible
instructions. blood alcohol limits are 0.00 for
operators aged under 18 years and
Additional lifejacket rules apply.
under 0.05 for those over 18 years.
To find out more visit rms.nsw.gov.au/
lifejackets When engaged in tow sports, alcohol
limits apply to drivers, observers and
Keep a safe distance and speed
everyone being towed.
All vessels must travel at a safe speed
Tow safe
for the prevailing conditions and keep a
safe distance from people in the water, Everyone being towed must wear an
other vessels, structures and the shore appropriate lifejacket and no more
at all times. You must also observe any than three people may be towed
signposted speed limits. simultaneously.
In NSW, when travelling in a power- In NSW, observers must hold a boat or
driven vessel at six knots or faster, you PWC driving licence or be 16 years of
must keep at least 30 metres from age or older.
other vessels, structures and the shore.
Safe distance requirements apply
When driving any vessel at any speed,
at any speed to both the vessel and
you must keep at least 60 metres from
the person being towed. Towing is
people in the water and any dive flag. If
prohibited between sunset and sunrise.
these are not possible, a safe distance
and speed must be maintained. Consider the impact of your vessel’s
wash on other people and the
Other safe navigation tips include:
environment. Ensure your wash does
• Keeping a proper lookout at all times not have a dangerous, damaging or
• Using appropriate navigation lights unreasonable impact.
at night
For more information contact Roads
• Keep to the right side in rivers and
and Maritime Services rms.nsw.gov.au
channels. On lakes, the direction
maritime or call 13 12 36
of travel is anti-clockwise unless
otherwise stated.
If in doubt, consult the relevant
waterway manager and follow
authorised signage.

ENVIRONMENT AND WILDLIFE
Help protect the environment by RECREATIONAL FISHING REGULATIONS

observing the following common
Ensure you have a current copy of the
sense rules:
Victorian Recreational Fishing Guide or
• launch and retrieve your boat at have downloaded the ‘Vic Fishing’ app for
designated boat ramps smartphones. Visit the Victorian Fisheries
• reduce your vessel speed to five knots Authority (VFA) website vfa.vic.gov.au
near the edge of lakes and rivers
Report illegal fishing anytime by calling
• dispose of all rubbish including
13FISH (13 3474)
fishing line, bait bags and food
scraps appropriately
• use sewage disposal facilities and
AQUACULTURE FISHERIES RESERVES
prevent pollutants such as petrol and oil Nine offshore marine aquaculture fisheries
from entering the water. reserves have been established in and
Further information is available from local around Port Phillip, marked by navigation
offices of the Department of Environment, aids with ‘Aquaculture’ written on the
Land, Water and Planning (DELWP). Visit yellow ‘X’ cross bar (see picture).
delwp.vic.gov.au or call 136 186. They are lit at night. Recreational users in
surrounding waters should proceed with
WHALES, DOLPHINS AND SEALS caution if near or entering the reserves
It’s important not to get too close to to prevent damaging your vessel and the GEEL
marine mammals when on the water. This long lines of nylon rope suspended on
is to reduce the risk of disturbance to buoys used in these areas.
natural behaviours.
• b
oats are not permitted to
approach within 100 m of a
dolphin or 200m of a whale
• jet skis are not permitted within
300m of either a whale or
dolphin.
More stringent requirements apply in

relation to narrow waterways (being a
Aq
waterway of less than 300m in width at
1.
its widest point). 2.
3.
To learn more about the restrictions in 4.
place for boating and swimming around 5.
whales, dolphins and seals, contact DELWP. 6.
7.
8.
9.
10

ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
MELBOURNE
FOR SAFE BOATING

WERRIBEE
BEAUMARIS
5.
4.
CARRUM
PORT PHILLIP NO.1
1. BAY
3. 2. PRINCE
GEORGE
LIGHT
PORTARLINGTON
CLIFTON SPRINGS
GEELONG
WEST
CHANNEL
PILE
6. MORNINGTON
8.
Mud
QUEENSCLIFF MOUNT MARTHA
Island
7. 10.
POINT
LONSDALE PORTSEA
HOVELL DROMANA
PILE
SORRENTO
FLINDERS
9.
Aquaculture fisheries reserves (AFR)
1. Grassy Point AFR WESTERN
PORT
2. Clifton Springs AFR
3. Bates Point AFR BASS STRAIT
4. Kirk Point – Werribee AFR
5. Beaumaris AFR
6. Mount Martha AFR
7. Pinnace Channel AFR – Southern Section
8. Pinnace Channel AFR – Northern Section
9. Flinders AFR
10. Dromana AFR

MARINE NATIONAL PARKS
AND MARINE SANCTUARIES
The Victorian Government has created

13 marine national parks and 11 smaller No fishing, netting, spearing,
marine sanctuaries to ensure that taking or killing of marine
representative samples of Victoria’s life is permitted including
marine environment are conserved for all methods of fishing, from
future generations. the shore or at sea in Marine
National Parks or Marine
RESTRICTIONS Sanctuaries.
All forms of commercial and recreational
fishing from sea or shore in Marine Taking or damaging animals,
National Parks and Marine Sanctuaries are plants and objects (artefacts)
prohibited, including collecting bait, line is also not permitted. There
fishing, setting traps, netting and the use are strong penalties under the
of spears. Heavy penalties apply. National Parks Act 1975 (Vic)
for fishing in marine national
parks and marine sanctuaries.

BOUNDARY MARKERS ENVIRONMENT
ESSENTIALS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
Yellow on-shore triangles PROTECTION
These are located at the park
FOR SAFE BOATING

boundaries and point in towards
the marine national park or marine Some boating activities can have a
sanctuary. In some cases there are significant impact on water quality.
two yellow on-shore triangles located For example, the discharge of
on separate poles, one taller than waste from boats may add nutrients
the other. These two triangles can be and pollutants to our waterways and
used to get a lead to the boundary can pose a risk to ecosystems and
by aligning them so one is seen to be human health. The discharge of oil,
directly above the other. chemicals, sewage, garbage, litter or
Yellow in-water special mark any other waste is prohibited in any
waters in Victoria.
These markers are found on buoys
and piles and are used to mark the To report a waste or pollution incident,
boundaries of zones and other special contact the Environment Protection
areas. Authority (EPA) on 1300 372 842 or
visit epa.vic.gov.au
PUBLICATIONS AND FURTHER
INFORMATION
Parks Victoria is responsible for the
day-to-day management of Victoria’s
marine national parks and marine
sanctuaries. If you would like further
information about these, please
contact the Parks Victoria Information
Centre on 131 963 or visit parkweb.vic.
gov.au. On-site signage at key access
points, for example, boat ramps, is
also provided.

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CHAPTER 1

ESSENTIALS FOR SAFE BOATING

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FOR SAFE BOATING

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Keeping your vessel in good working

• No passengers are permitted on board

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FOR SAFE BOATING

• Check for cracking and loose

• Check and replace as

• Drain and clean out tank • Do not leave ethanol fuel

• Check electrolyte, top up • Check electrolyte top up

• Check for cracking, loose

• Watch for fouling, moisture

• Flush with water

• Check condition and that it

• Clean hull • Keep clean, touch up with

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FOR SAFE BOATING

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VHF MARINE RADIO CHANNELS

operations AND CALLING 6

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FOR SAFE BOATING

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3 m to less than 3.5 m Three people

3.5 m to less than 4.5 m Four people

4.5 m to less than 5 m Five people

5 m to less than 5.5 m Six people

5.5 m to less than 6 m Seven people

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Can take no heel

BOAT LOADED TO MAXIMUM OF FOUR PEOPLE CANNOT RESIST ANY WAVE

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FOR SAFE BOATING

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FOR SAFE BOATING

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SAFETY EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE

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FOR SAFE BOATING

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ou are at heightened risk at all

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