Trishaa Final2

Green Valley College Foundation, Inc.
Km. 2, Bo. 2, Gensan Drive, City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

INTEGRATED BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
AWARENESS ABOUT SEX AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AMONG GRADE
9 AND GRADE 10 STUDENTS OF GVCFI A.Y 2022-2023
A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of
Senior High School Department
Green Valley College Foundation Inc.
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Academic Track
Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)
By
Ahunin, Chrisia Manabe, Trony
Bergante, Cindy Oro, Roland
Camacho, Aubrey Reyes, Trisha Marie
Galilon, John Lawrence Sandialen, Bainisa

March 2022
Acknowledgement
1
First and foremost, we, the researchers, would like to express our sincere
gratitude and acknowledgment to several individuals who helped us in
completing this research work. The people who in one way or another
contributed and extended their valuable assistance in the preparation and
completion of this study. This research study would not have been possible
without these people:
We would like to thank our Research Adviser, Mr. Jonel A. Gascon, for his
continuous support of our study and research, for all his helps, interest and
valuable hints and for his patience, motivation, enthusiasm and immense
knowledge.
To our loving parents, a very big thank you for your parental presence and
unconditional love and, who have consistently supported us financially as we
face this endeavor. Thank you for the, encouragements, and inspiration that you
showered to us.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our panelists, who were
skillfully criticized our study and made a better one. We appreciate their time,
advice, and support that enabled to fill the gaps in this study. Most importantly,
thank you for the unending love of the Great Almighty who gave us an enough
knowledge and wisdom to make this endeavor a success.
2
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the awareness of grade 9 and 10 of GVCFI A.Y.
2022-2023 about sex and reproductive health. The purpose of this study is to
determine the awareness of the students in Grades 9 and 10 have on sex and
reproductive health. This study aims to determine the demographic profile of the
students in terms of sex, age, and grade level as well as their knowledge of sex
and reproductive health in terms of the male and female reproductive systems,
sexually transmitted diseases, contraception, masturbation, pregnancy and
abortion in students in grades 9 and 10. It used descriptive method and adapted
survey questionnaires to gather data from the respondents. The findings showed
that 87% of respondents are typically aware of the male and female reproductive
systems, 74% are generally aware of sexually transmitted diseases,
contraception, masturbation, and sex-related aspects, and 81% have a general
aware of pregnancy and abortion.
Keyword: Awareness, Abortion, Contraception, Masturbation, Pregnancy, Sex,
Reproductive Health
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Table of Contents
Page Number
TITLE PAGE 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2
ABSTRACT 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS 4
INTRODUCTION 6
Background of the Study 7
Review of Related Literature 9
Theoretical Framework 18
Conceptual Framework 19
Statement of the Problem 20
Significance of the Study 21
Definition of Terms 22
METHODS 24
Research Design 24
Locale of the Study 26
Respondents of the Study 27
Research Instruments 27
Data Gathering Procedure 28
4
RESULTS 28
DISCUSSION 34
REFERENCES 44
APPENDICES 50
CURRICULUM VITAE 59
Introduction
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As long as they respect the rights of others, young people have the
freedom to choose their own sexual orientation. Youth must have the knowledge
of their rights as well as a good attitude in order to protect themselves from
unintended reproductive results. Many young people, however, lack the
knowledge and resources necessary to safeguard themselves against these
issues. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to evaluate high school
students' attitudes and understanding about sexual and reproductive health
(SRH) rights and related issues. (Decide, 2014)
The method to the sexual problems that young people face is sexuality
education. Sex education is the dissemination of information on bodily
development, sex, sexuality, and relationships, according to Ramirez (2019).
Teenagers can use it as a tool to understand and make decisions about sex and
their sexual health. Sex education helps young people understand about
unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections in addition to providing
an explanation to their sexual behavior. Also, it covers the process of forming
attitudes, values, and beliefs as well as motivation, skill-building, and
considerable awareness of one's sexual health and its implications. The
information that will be given to the kids should be suitable for their stage of
development and cultural background. (Ramirez, 2019)
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In addition to meeting their needs for sexual health and safety, young
people also need sexual education to support their overall development.
Adolescents' sexuality education is greatly influenced by the family, society, and
schools. Although studies have shown that almost all parents are either too
ashamed to discuss sex with their children or are unsure of how to do so, family-
based sexuality education is undoubtedly necessary. Furthermore, even though
the media and larger society provide adolescents with a lot of knowledge about
sexuality, its accuracy cannot be ensured. The importance of sexuality education
in schools cannot be overstated. (Yan, 2015)
In all aspects pertaining to the reproductive system and its processes,
reproductive health is a condition of whole physical, mental, and social well-being
and not only the absence of disease or infirmity. (Matthew, 2016)
Background of the Study
In Nigeria, reproductive health is a relatively new concept that recognizes
that especially a young girl has special reproductive health needs before, during
and beyond the childbearing age. Reproductive health need of young people
especially for young girls and women includes needs for reproductive health
care, family planning, HIV/AIDS information, safer sex, unwanted pregnancy,
early pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), safe abortion and safe
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motherhood. Recently, programs for school going adolescent in India have
focused on information, education, and communication with a limited focus on
the provision of clinical and counseling services on reproductive health.
Educational programs can increase awareness about reproductive health, but
this awareness may not always translate into appropriate help-seeking behavior
by adolescents. This paper will briefly focus on various aspects of reproductive
health. (Adesina, 2019)
The European Union (EU) refers to the health and health needs of extra-
EU migrants as "particularly pressing". They may experience discrimination and
a drop in their socio-economic status, which can lead to ill-health. Compared to
the general EU population, extra-EU migrant women are less often screened for
cervical and breast cancer, have less access to family planning and
contraception and a lower uptake of gynaecological healthcare, are more at risk
of unintended pregnancies, pay fewer and later antenatal care visits, have poorer
pregnancy outcomes, and have higher infant and maternal mortality rates. They
are also at risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV and
hepatitis B, and of sexual violence. The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights
(FRA) stresses that migrants' SRH vulnerability and specific needs should be
considered in a public health perspective within EU societies.(Roelen, 2014)
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According to Melgar, Adolescents in the Philippines are prevented from
full access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services due to legal
obstacles, social and cultural restrictions, and lack of meaningful political power.
This can lead to unplanned pregnancy, abortion, sexually transmitted infections
and HIV. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to unintended pregnancies and
maternal morbidity and mortality, including sequelae arising from unsafe
abortions. Policies that ensure and improve adolescents' access to contraceptive
information and services can reduce these health and social problems. This
article examines how the Philippines' new reproductive health law, Supreme
Court rulings, and related policies impact on the specific needs of adolescents.
(Melgar, 2018)
Review of Related Literature
This literature provides an overview of previous research on knowledge
sharing and intranets. It introduces the framework for the case study that
comprises the main focus of the research described in this study.
People's access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services is
constrained in the Philippines by legal restrictions, social and cultural taboos, and
a lack of major political influence. As a result, they are susceptible to SRH
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problems such unplanned pregnancies, abortions, STDs, and HIV, all of which
are harmful to their health and wellbeing. (Lanier, 2017)
In the Philippines, services for family planning (FP) and sexual and
reproductive health (SRH) have historically been targeted toward women. In
recent decades, international organizations have pushed for male participation in
SRH and FP, but there hasn't been much advancement in the field of research or
implementation in many countries. This extensive review of the literature aims to
pinpoint the elements that affect and restrict men's utilization of SRH/FP services
in the Philippines. It is restricted to works published in English between 1994 and
2021 that dealt with studies carried out in the Philippines with an emphasis on
men's engagement in SRH/FP. The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based
Practice (JHNEBP) Evidence Rating Scale was used to evaluate the
methodological quality of the eligible research. . (Lanier, 2017)
The most common obstacle for men was their lack of knowledge of
SRH/FP, while the most common facilitator was their social networks' positive
influence on their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors in this regard. Many individual
and societal factors, including gender norms, socioeconomic status, and religious
beliefs, had an impact on men's engagement. To completely comprehend the
multilevel ecological factors affecting men's engagement in SRH/FP and to
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inform interventions with men that can affect their decision-making behavior in
this area, more research is necessary. (Rojas, 2022).
Peer-reviewed and grey literatures were found by searching pertinent data
repositories. We included both qualitative and quantitative literature published in
English, French, or Spanish between July 2018 and December 2019. Of the
reviewed articles, 40 met the inclusion criteria in the final review. Of the grey
literature search document, seven met the inclusion criteria in the final review.
Search terms and representing women, HIV/AIDS, ART, human rights, sexual,
and reproductive health. (Bridges, 2014)
With one probable exception, no articles or documents that addressed the
majority of pertinent rights related to equality, non-discrimination, participation,
privacy, acceptability, and quality of services for individuals were discovered. Not
a single peer-reviewed work that was studied among the journals and documents
revealed how right was explicitly implemented in programming. Further
investigation finds that what is now in place only addresses a small number of
rights in the context of a small number of topics within sexual and reproductive
health, and that the language of rights is most frequently used to describe the
apparent disregard of human rights abuses. (Hauser, 2014)
The authors claimed that it was essential for women living with HIV to be
more involved in the design and execution of studies, policies, and programs that
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address their needs and rights during pregnancy. The authors listed a number of
human rights concerns in their analysis, including the overall disregard for human
rights as well as the accessibility, price, acceptability, and quality of services.
These concerns are relevant to the current study's objective, which is to assess
the current body of research surrounding the human rights of women living with
HIV. (Chen, 2014)
Legal impediments, societal and cultural restraints, and the Philippines'
lack of significant political clout prohibit them from having full access to sexual
and reproductive health (SRH) services. They are thus exposed to SRH issues
such impromptu pregnancies, abortions, STDs, and HIV, all of which have
detrimental effects on their health and well-being. (Meleisea, 2014)
The idea of "local autonomy" gives executives the power to disregard or
override national health policies. For example, the mayor of Manila objected to
contraceptive services in local health facilities in 2015 due to his religious
convictions. Local health offices implement under the authority of local law. In
2016, it needed a new mayor to partially restore services. Local leaders may also
be unwilling to work with one another due to political or interpersonal
disagreements. (Ling, 2015)
The "Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act," also known
as the reproductive health legislation (RH law), was ultimately passed in
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December 2018 after years of advocacy by civil society organizations. The RH
law required the delivery of thorough sexuality education. However, for children
who had previously become pregnant, the law needed parental approval for
contraceptive services. After a conservative ruling that the RH law is generally
constitutional, with the exception of eight provisions, the Supreme Court halted
implementation of the law three months later. Among the provisions that were
eliminated was the parental consent exception for minors who had previously
given birth. (Yan,2015)
Reproductive Health
An essential aspect of overall health that eventually affects social health is
reproductive health. Our nation still views this aspect of health as social, and
finding knowledge about it is a huge challenge. This could result in either
ignorance or incorrect information. Adolescence (10–19 years) is a time of
dynamic change that affects both the mind and the body. None of the changes
that take place during adolescence are as intriguing or as frightening as those
related to sexuality since, due to early sexual engagement and a lack of
information about reproductive health and contraception; teenagers are more at
risk for STIs and unintended pregnancies. In research from several nations, it
was discovered that adolescents' understanding of health, particularly
reproductive health, was inadequate. The degree of knowledge is closely tied to
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the source from which they receive the information. Even in growing nations like
our own, it is one of the subjects that is rarely brought up. (Wasserheit JN, 2016)
The WHO estimates that there are 250 million new instances of sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs) each year, with a high prevalence among those
between the ages of 16 and 19. This age group has a higher prevalence of high-
risk sexual conduct, and young people are more susceptible to HIV/AIDS since
they are going through a transitional period in their lives. There is a need to raise
awareness about reproductive health among the disadvantaged populations
because many diseases can be caused by a lack of knowledge or by
misinformation. Having adequate understanding of important sexual and
reproductive health (SRH) themes and issues is referred to as having good SRH
knowledge. (Haaga JG, 2016)
Male and Female Reproductive System
Life is made possible by the reproductive system and capacity of humans.
When two people have a sexual relationship, they can create children that have
some of their genetic makeup. Making sex cells is the main job of the human
reproductive system. The progeny that results from the union of a male and
female sex cell grows and matures. (Regina Bailey,2021)
Male or female reproductive organs and components typically make up
the reproductive system. Hormones control these components' development and
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activity. The endocrine and urinary systems, as well as the reproductive system,
are strongly related to other organ systems. (Regina Bailey,2021)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
In order to reduce the high prevalence and incidence rates of the
associated sexually transmitted diseases (STDs/STIs), which are highest among
adolescents and young adults between the ages of 15 and 24, it is critical to have
a deeper understanding of these conditions. This is especially true for
interventions intended to do just that (2013). Chlamydial Trachomatis was one of
the key STIs that was identified as having the greatest cases in my prior study. In
order to address the high prevalence of STDs, including chlamydia among these
teenagers and young adults with a bias towards women, this research reviews
two peer-reviewed journal publications that have examined behavioral
techniques that could be used. (NursingBird, 2022)
Contraception
At each given stage in their lives, women, men, or couples must take a
number of factors into account while selecting the best method of contraception.
These components include acceptability, safety, effectiveness, and availability
(including affordability and accessibility). The fundamental guiding principle is the
voluntary informed selection of contraceptive techniques, and contraceptive
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counseling, when appropriate, may play a significant role in the effective use of
contraceptive methods. (Trussell J, 2012)
Dual protection from the concurrent risk for HIV and other STDs should be
taken into account when selecting a contraceptive method. Despite the fact that
hormonal contraceptives and IUDs are quite successful at preventing conception,
they are not effective at preventing STDs, such as HIV. Use of the male latex
condom correctly and consistently lowers the risk of contracting trichomoniasis,
chlamydial infection, and other STDs like gonococcal infection. ( Trussell J, 2012)
Masturbation
Regardless of partner availability or interest, solo masturbation is a
widespread sexual expression method across the lifespan that carries no danger
of pregnancy or STIs. Masturbation can enhance healthy sexual development,
self-esteem, and body positivity by allowing people to explore their sexuality,
enjoy themselves, and learn about their bodily reactions. In fact, masturbation is
frequently incorporated into therapeutic treatment programs for sexual issues like
early ejaculation and anorgasmia. Despite these well-established benefits for the
individual, the relationship, and the health, masturbation has been stigmatized
(especially for women), is illegal, and is still understudied in comparison to
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research on partnered sex, indicating that far less scientific attention is paid to
how people behave sexually with themselves than with others. (Kaestle & Allen,
2015)
Pregnancy and Abortion
Unplanned pregnancies' impacts on future life outcomes, such as
relationships, education, and work, are commonly cited by young women as
justifications for getting an abortion. There isn't much data to support the claim
that young women who choose abortion experience better life outcomes.
(Perguson, 2016)
An updated and more thorough understanding of the literature can and
should better prepare doctors and mental healthcare providers with more
accurate and helpful information for advising and counseling women before or
after an abortion, as research has shown that women considering abortion have
a high degree of desire for information on "all possible complications," including
rare risks. Better risk factor screening, for instance, should assist to identify
women who would benefit from extra pre- or post-abortion counseling24–38 and
may also help to avoid instances of women being coerced into having
unwelcome abortions. Additionally, more comprehensive insights can make
mental health professionals more attentive to and aware of the counseling
services that women desire and need. (Reardon, 2018)
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Conceptual Framework
This study aimed to assess the knowledge about Sex and Reproductive
Health of Grade 9 and 10 students in Green Valley College Foundation, Inc.
Illustration is shown below to figure out the concept of this study.
AWARENESS ABOUT SEX AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AMONG GRADE
9 AND GRADE 10 STUDENTS OF GVCFI-MAIN CAMPUS
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE LEVEL OF AWARENESS

OF THE RESPONDENTS  Sex
 Sex  Reproductive Health
 Age  Pregnancy and
 Grade level Abortion
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework
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Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this study is to determine the awareness of Grade 9 and
10 students on sex and reproductive health.
Specifically, this study aims to:
1. Determine the demographic profile of the students in terms of:
1.1. Sex
1.2. Age
1.3. Grade level
2. Determine the Awareness about Sex and Reproductive Health of Grade 9
and 10 Students at GVCFI-Main Campus in terms of:
2.1. Male and Female Reproductive System
2.2. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Contraception, and
Masturbation
2.3. Pregnancy and Abortion
Scope and limitation of the study
This study focuses on the awareness of grade 9 and 10 students of
GVCFI about sex and reproductive health. Specifically, this study was conducted
within the main campus of GVCFI Koronadal City in which the respondents were
only bona fide grade 9 and 10 students of GVCFI.
Significance of the Study
19
This section provides a brief description on the various significances of the
study about the awareness of grade 9 & 10 students about reproductive health,
STD’s or Sexually Transmitted Diseases, contraception, abortion, masturbation,
pregnancy, and abortion. Moreover, this study brings greater significance to the
different stakeholders.
To the School Administrators - This study might raise awareness about the
needs of young people in relation to reproductive health, STDs (sexually
transmitted diseases), contraception, abortion, masturbation, pregnancy, and
abortion. To the science teachers - As a major tracker of the knowledge gaps on
reproductive health, STDs or Sexually Transmitted Diseases, contraception,
abortion, masturbation, pregnancy, and abortion, this study will be helpful to
science teachers as well. To the parents - The study will be beneficial to the
parents involved because it will act as a reminder to parents that teenagers need
to be taught about sexual responsibilities without feeling uneasy. To the
researchers - Since this study will act as a cone of experiences, everyone who
contributed to its achievement will profit from it for the rest of their lives. where
they were able to learn the findings from this research and used them to educate
the public. To the future researchers - This study will be a reliable guide for future
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research that is related to it or seeking results that are similar to those found in
this one.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are operationally defined for the readers to have a
better understanding of this study.
Abortion. it refers to a variable that the researchers want to retrieve from their
respondents to assess their knowledge and awareness about abortion.
Awareness. it refers to the dependent variable that will be gathered from the
respondents and it generally refers to the consciousness of grade 9 & 10
students about reproductive health, STD’s or Sexually Transmitted Diseases,
contraception, abortion, masturbation, pregnancy, and abortion
Contraceptive. It refers to a variable that the researchers want to retrieve from
their respondents on how aware they are or not about the contraceptive.
Grade 9 & 10 students. it refer to the grade 9&10 students who are presently
enrolled at GVCFI-Main Campus and who are the respondents of this study.
Masturbation. It refers to a variable that the researchers want to retrieve from
their respondents to find out their knowledge and awareness about this activity.
Pregnancy. it refers to a variable that the researchers want to retrieve from their
respondents to assess their knowledge and awareness about pregnancy.
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Sex. it is defined to expand ones knowledge in this certain issue with the
intention of determining the students' belief in sexual and reproductive health of
the junior high school students.
Research Design
This study will utilize a descriptive quantitative design to describe how
aware students in grades 9 and 10 are of sex and reproductive health. This study
design helps to guarantee that the objectives of the research methods, the data
obtained, and that the analysis used to respond to questions is appropriate and
uses reliable sources.
Locale of the Study
22
The GVCFI-SHS campus in the City of Koronadal, Province of South
Cotabato, will be the location of this study.
Figure 1. Map of the Locale of the Study
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Respondents of the Study
Grade Level Population (N)
9 25
10 31
Total: 56
The respondents of the study will be the Grade 9 and 10 students who are
enrolled at Green Valley College Foundation, Inc. in Koronadal City in the
Academic year 2022-2023. The Grade 9 and 10 students will be chosen and they
are expected to be capable of adapting information with regards to the discussion
of sexuality.
Sampling Size
This study had used universal sampling to get the desired sample size of
the respondents. Universal sampling is applicable when the population (N) is
equal to or less than 100. Whereby, the population (N) of the respondents in this
study is only 56 which means the universal sampling is appropriate to use in this
study. Hence, all of the respondents within the population (N) are subjects of the
study.
Research Instruments
24
The researchers had used a survey questionnaire utilized by Mohmad
Iqbal in his study “The level of awareness about sex and reproductive health
among adolescents in Kashmir’. Thus, an adapted survey questionnaire was
utilized in this study. Specifically, a different sets of survey questionnaire were
used in order to gather data for each dependent variable. One set of
questionnaire consisting 11 statements was utilized to assess the respondents’
knowledge about male and female reproductive system. Another set of
questionnaire consisting 10 statements and 2 questions was utilized to assess
respondents’ knowledge regarding sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s). And,
another set of questionnaire consisting 13 statements was utilized to assess
respondents’ knowledge regarding pregnancy and abortion. Moreover, all of the
questions or statements found in each set of questionnaire are answerable by
YES or NO only. As 0 is to NO and 1 is to YES
Data Gathering Procedure
In gathering the desired data of this study the researchers took a
systematic process.
Step 1: The drafting and finalization of a modified survey questionnaire
represents the first step, and the granting of authorization comes next. In order to
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obtain authorization to carry out the study, the researchers had sent a letter to
the Green Valley College Foundation, Inc.'s school administration.
Step 2: The distribution of the survey questionnaire, which was done entirely
face-to-face with the respondents, began after getting permission.
Step 3: The collation and tabulation process is a further step. Statistics were
used to the data that were collected and were relevant to the study's issue.
Based on the data that had been processed, results were extracted and
examined.
Step 4: Analysis and interpretation come last in the process. in order to reach
specific conclusions and recommendations.
Statistical Treatment
For the analysis and interpretation of the result, the researchers together
with the statistician had used appropriate statistical tool. Specifically, the
frequency of the respondents’ responses per statement either correct or wrong
was the basis to determine or assess their knowledge for a certain variable.
The following interpretation was used:
26
Percentage Rating of the Overall Verbal Interpretation

Correct Responses
1% - 49% Not aware
50% - 100% Aware
Results
This section presents answers to specific problem and tables integrated in
the text to clearly explain the outcome of this study.
Demographic Profile
A total of 56 respondents were surveyed and most of the respondents were 13-
17 years old. The youngest was 13 and the oldest respondents were 17. In
Grade level, 55.4% or 31 of the sample were Grade 10 students while 44.6% or
25 of the sample were Grade 9 students. Visual discrepancy of the demographic
profile is shown in table 1 below.
Table 1. Grade level, Age and Sex

Grade Frequency
9 25
10 31
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Age Frequency
13 1
14 10
15 26
16 17
17 2
Sex Frequency
Male 25
Female 31
Table 2. Knowledge about Female and Male Reproductive System.
Statement Yes No Correct responses
1. Vagina is a female organ for 96.4% 3.6% 96.4%
sexual intercourse. (n = 54) (n = 2) (n = 54)
2. Babies are deliver through 96.4% 3.6% 96.4%
vagina. (n = 54) (n = 2) (n = 54)
3. Uterus is an organ where a 89.3% 10.7% 89.3%
baby develops before birth. (n = 50) (n = 6) (n = 50)
4. Ovaries are female gonads. 91.1% 8.9% 91.1%
(n = 51) (n = 5) (n = 51)
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5. Penis is a male organ for 92.9% 7.1% 92.9%
sexual intercourse. (n = 52) (n = 4) (n = 52)
6. Testes are male gonads. 94.6% 5.4% 94.6%
(n = 53) (n = 3) (n = 53)
7. Sperm are produced in testes. 87.5% 12.5% 87.5%
(n = 49) (n = 7) (n = 49)
8. Ejaculation and passing urine 91.1% 8.9% 91.1%
are functions of penis. (n = 51) (n = 5) (n = 51)
9. Penile discharge during 89.3% 10.7% 89.3%
ejaculation contains sperm. (n = 50) (n = 6) (n = 50)
10. It is abnormal for a boy to 25% 75% 75%
develop beard, change in voice, (n = 14) (n = 42) (n = 42)
and pubic and axillary hair.
11. Girls are impure/dirty during 46.4% 53.6% 53.6%
their menses. (n = 26) (n = 30) (n = 30)
Overall Correct Responses: 87% (n = 49)
Table 2 presents the Knowledge about Female and Male Reproductive
System. Wherein, 87% or 49 out of 56 of the respondents got the correct
responses to the statements. This explains that the respondents are generally
aware of what is female and male reproductive system as well as their functions.
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Table 3: Knowledge Regarding Sexually Transmitted Diseases,

Contraception, Masturbation and Sex-Related Statements.
Statement Yes No Correct responses
1. Sexual intercourse can cause 87.5% 12.5% 87.5%
sexually transmitted diseases. (n = 49) (n = 7) (n = 49)
2. HIV can be transmitted via 87.5% 12.5% 87.5%
sexual intercourse (n = 49) (n = 7) (n = 49)
3. Use of condoms is a safe 96.4% 3.6% 96.4%
sexual practice. (n = 54) (n = 2) (n = 54)
4. Use of birth control pills is a 82.1% 17.9% 82.1%
safe sexual practice. (n = 46) (n = 10) (n = 46)
5. Masturbation causes 62.5% 37.5% 62.5%
weakness in future. (n = 35) (n = 21) (n = 35)
6. Masturbation is a sin. 53.6% 46.4% 46.4%
(n = 30) (n = 26) (n = 26)
7. Talking or discussing about 42.9% 57.1% 57.1%
sex or reproduction is a sin (n = 24) (n = 32) (n = 32)
8. Love means sex. 23.2% 76.8% 76.8%
(n = 13) (n = 43) (n = 43)
9. Being sexually attracted to a 37.5% 62.5% 37.5%
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person of same sex is unnatural (n = 35)
(against nature or religion). (n = 21) (n = 21)
10. It is okay to force sex on 17.9% 82.1% 82.1%
somebody for enjoyment or fun. (n = 10) (n = 46) (n = 46)
11. Do you think you have a right 82.1% 17.9% 82.1%
to say no to sex? (n = 46) (n = 10) (n = 46)
12. It is safe to have sex with 7.1% 92.9% 92.9%
commercial sex worker? (n = 4) (n = 52) (n = 52)
Overall Correct Responses: 74% (n=41)
Table 3 shows the Knowledge Regarding Sexually Transmitted Diseases,
Contraception, Masturbation and Sex-Related Statements and 74% or 41 out 56
of the respondents got the correct responses to the statements. This means that
the grade 9 and 10 students of GVCFI are generally knowledgeable about STDs,
contraception, masturbation, and sex related statements.
Table 4: Awareness Regarding Pregnancy and Abortion.
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Overall (Correct
Statement Yes No responses)
1. Female who reach menarche 87.5% 17.9% 87.5%
(have menses) can become (n = 49) (n = 10) (n = 49)
pregnant after having sex.
2. Pregnancy can occur if there 78.6% 19.6% 78.6%
is penetration of vagina by penis. (n = 44) (n = 11) (n = 44)
3. For pregnancy to occur, ovum 92.9% 7.1% 92.9%
should be fertilized by sperm (n = 52) (n = 4) (n = 52)
4. One may become pregnant 87.5% 17.9% 87.5%
even after 1 act of sexual (n = 49) (n = 10) (n = 49)
intercourse.
5. Pregnancy does not occur 28.6% 71.4% 71.4%
after having sexual intercourse (n = 16) (n = 40) (n = 40)
with only one (1) partner.
6. Sexual intercourse before 30.4% 69.6% 69.6%
marriage can never lead to (n = 17) (n = 39) (n = 39)
pregnancy.
7. Pregnancy can be prevented 85.7% 14.3% 85.7%
by using condoms. (n = 48) (n = 7) (n = 48)
32
8. Having no sex is the best 80.4% 19.6% 80.4%
method to prevent pregnancy. (n = 45) (n = 11) (n = 45)
9. One can get pregnant by 21.4% 78.6% 78.6%
kissing. (n = 7) (n = 44) (n = 44)
10. Abortion done by a quack or 71.4% 28.6% 71.4%
an unauthorized person is illegal. (n = 40) (n = 16) (n = 40)
11. Illegal abortion may be 89.3% 10.7% 89.3%
responsible for infection. (n = 50) (n = 6) (n = 50)
12. Illegal abortion can cause 80.4% 19.6% 80.4%
severe bleeding. (n = 45) (n = 11) (n = 45)
13. Illegal abortion can cause 76.8% 23.2% 76.8%
mother’s death. (n = 43) (n = 13) (n = 43)
Overall Correct Responses: 81% (n = 45)
Table 4 presents the Knowledge Regarding Pregnancy and Abortion and
81% or 45 out of 56 respondents got the correct responses to the given
statements. This means that the respondents are generally aware and
knowledgeable about pregnancy and abortion.
33
Discussion
This section of the study interprets and analyzes the data gathered for the
readers to better understand the result.
Knowing how the female and male reproductive systems function will help
you better understand conception, how contraception works, and the reasons of
various issues with reproductive health. Knowing the complex interplay between
the male and female reproductive systems will help you better understand
reproductive health, including contraception and fertility. In our survey, 96.4% or
54 out of 56 respondents got the correct answer for statement 1 which means
that the respondents are that the vagina is a feminine organ utilized for sex, while
only 3.6% or 2 of the respondents responded wrong.
For statement number 2, 96.4% or 54 out of the 56 respondents got the
correct response respondents claiming that most babies are delivered through
vagina, whereas 3.6% or 2 respondents got a wrong response to a statement.
On the other hand, 89.3% or 50 out of 56 respondents got the correct response
while only 6 or 10.7% of the respondents responded wrong. For statement 4, it
stated that the ovaries are female gonads are true wherein to 91.1% or 51 out of
56 respondents responded right to a statement, whereas 8.9% or 5 of the
respondents responded wrong. In addition, 92.9% or 52 out of 56 respondents
got the correct answer which means they are aware that penis is a male organ
34
for sexual intercourse. Meanwhile, only 7.1% or 4 is uncertain and got the wrong
answer. For statement 6, it states that the testes are male gonads, and 94.6% or
53 out of 56 respondents got a correct answer while 5.4% or 3 of the
respondents were unsure and gave a wrong response.
On the other hand, 87.5% or 49 out of 56 respondents gave a correct
response in statement 7 stating the sperm as being produced by the testes, while
12.5% or 7 of the respondents gave a wrong response. When it comes to
ejaculation and passing urine are the functions of the penis, 91.1% or 51 out of
56 respondents responded right, while 8.9% or 5 respondents gave a wrong
response. Differently, for statement 9, 89.3% or 50 out 56 respondents believe
that sperm is visible in penile discharge during ejaculation where they got the
correct answer, contrary to the 10.7% or 6 respondents who answered wrong.
For the development of a beard, a change in voice, and pubic and axillary
hair in males, 75% or 42 of the respondents responded right, while 5.4% or 14
respondents responded wrong. And for the last statement about the male and
female reproductive system, it states that menstruation is regarded as a source
of contamination and impurity, whereas in others, it is regarded as a sign of
physical maturity and fertility. In our poll, 46.4% or 26 out of 56 respondents
responded wrong, while 53.6% or 30 of the respondents responded correctly.
35
On the other hand, for the twelve (12) statements of sex-related topics like
masturbation, contraception, and STDs, the respondents respectively give their
honest response. For the first statement in table 6, 87.5% or 49 out of 56
respondents got a correct answer declaring that sexual activity can result in
sexually transmitted illnesses, whereas 12.5% or 7 of the respondents responded
wrong. In response to statement 2, 87.5% or 49 out of 56 respondents gave a
correct response saying that HIV can be transmitted through sexual contact,
compared to 12.5% or 7 respondents who gave a wrong response. Moreover,
96.4% or 54 out of 56 respondents gave a correct response declaring that using
condoms is a safe practice, while 3.6% or 2 respondents gave the wrong
response. Furthermore, 82.1% or 46 out of 56 respondents responded right to a
statement stating that using birth control tablets is a sexually safe practice, while
17.9% or 10 respondents did not agree in which they were wrong. Also, 62.5% or
35 out of 56 respondents agreed that masturbation can lead to weakening in the
future in which they were correct. On the contrary, 37.5% or 21 of the
respondents disagree leading to a wrong response.
In addition, 57.1% or 32 out of 56 respondents gave a correct response
and disagree with the statement number 7 because they believe that talking
about sex and reproductive health is not sinful but rather knowledge that can
make them aware and out of curiosity. While, 42.9% or 24 of the respondents
36
disagree giving a wrong answer. Whereas, for statement 8, 76.8% or 43 out of 56
respondents disagree that love is solely about sex and they were all correct
contrary to the 23.2% or 13 respondents responding it does which was a wrong
response.
In addition, 37.5% or 21 out of 56 respondents gave a correct response as
they believe it is unnatural to be sexually attracted to someone of the same sex
(against nature or religion). While 62.5% or 35 respondents agreed it’s not giving
a wrong response. For statement 10, 17.9% or 10 out of 56 respondents agree
with the statement and do not realize that forcing somebody to engage in sexual
activity is unethical, while 82.1% of respondents disagree and believe that forcing
sex on someone is inappropriate in which they were correct.
In addition, 82.1% or 46 out of 56 respondents agreed with statement 11
insisting that everyone has the freedom to refuse, whereas 17.9% or 10
respondents disagreed and they were wrong. Last but not the least statement,
7.1% or 4 of the respondents agreed that having sex with a commercial sex
worker is safe which is primarily wrong, whereas 92.9% or 52 out of 56
respondents disagreed and responded right to a statement.
In table 6, it presents the data about the knowledge and understanding of
the respondents about the pregnancy and abortion. Abortion and pregnancy are
important concerns that may have a direct or indirect influence on our daily lives.
37
The majority of survey respondents have enough knowledge. In statement 1,
women who reach sexual maturity (have menstrual periods) can conceive after
having sex, 87.5% or 49 out of 56 respondents gave a correct response,
whereas 17.9% of respondents responded wrong.
On the other hand, 19.6% or 11 of the respondents responded wrong that
even one sexual act can result in pregnancy when it comes to the definition of
pregnancy, whereas 78.6% or 44 out of 56 respondents responded right. For
statement 3, 92.9% or 52 out of 56 respondents concur that ovum must be
fertilized by sperm for pregnancy to occur, whereas 7.1% or 4 respondents
disagree and responded wrong. Moreover, 17.9% or 10 respondents gave a
wrong response while 87.5% or 49 out of 56 respondents responded right to a
statement stating even after one sexual act, a woman may become pregnant.
After only one (1) partner, pregnancy does not follow sexual activity. Out of 56
respondents, 28.6% or 16 respondents agree with the statement and they were
wrong, while 71.4% or 40 respondents responded right.
For statement 6 pregnancy cannot result from sexual activity before
marriage whereby 30.4% or 17 respondents responded wrong while 69.6% or 39
responded right. Moreover, 85.7% or 48 of the respondents are aware that using
condoms can prevent pregnancy, while 14.3% or 7 of respondents were not
aware and responded wrong. The easiest way to prevent pregnancy is to avoid
38
having any sex, which is correct. Among the respondents, 80.4% or 45 out of 56
respondents were aware of this and knew it to be true, compared to 19.6% or 11
respondents who responded wrong.
However, 78.6% or 44 of the respondents disagree that kissing another
person will lead them to become pregnant because it is not actually sexual
contact, while 21.4% or 7 of the respondents gave a wrong answer to this
statement. Given that, it is illegal for a quack or unlicensed person to perform an
abortion 71.4% or 40 out of 56 respondents were aware of this, while 28.6% or
16 respondents were not aware and gave a wrong answer. For statement 11,
89.3% or 50 respondents were aware that illegal abortion may be to blame for
infection, while 10.7% or 16 respondents are unaware of this. In response to the
statement 12 stating that even an illegal abortion can result in significant
bleeding, 80.4% or 45 respondents of respondents agreed with the statement
which means they were aware, while 19.6% or 11 respondents disagreed and
unaware.
And for the last statement that concludes for the knowledge about
pregnancy and abortion, 76.8% or 43 respondents are aware that illegal abortion
can cause a mother’s death, while 23.2% or 13 respondents responded wrong
asserting that illegal abortion cannot result in mother’s death.
39
Conclusion
The objectives of encouraging sexuality awareness are to increase
understanding of sexual and reproductive health as well as to reduce potential
societal problems caused by failing to engage in safe sexual behavior such as
unmarried people who engage in premarital sex may end up with unwanted
pregnancies and STDs due to not knowing how to use safe sex and
contraception.
Recommendations
40
Based on the findings, these recommendations were made.
For the students - students should be capable of taking responsibility for their
actions, educating themselves, paying attention to what is said, and acting on
what is spoken. To assist them in doing this, we can provide advice.
For the parents - To assist them comprehend it and eliminate any
misunderstandings, parents should make their kids aware on sexuality and
reproductive health.
For the school administrators - Administrators in schools should be aware of
children's needs regarding sexual and reproductive health, STDs, contraception,
abortion, masturbation, pregnancy, and abortion.
For the Teachers - I suggest teachers to be open about STDs, contraception,
abortion, masturbation, pregnancy, and abortion and to be sensitive to the
students about these topics without being defensive.
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46
APPENDICES
Appendix 1.
47
January 26, 2023

ERIC JASON E. SOMBRERO, MBA
VP For Academic Affairs
This Institution
Sir:
Greetings of peace and joy!
We, the undersigned, are the Grade 12 HUMSS (Group) students of Green
Valley College Foundation, Inc. who are presently conducting a research study
entitled “Level of Knowledge and Awareness about Sex and Reproductive
Health among Grade 9 and 10 students of Green Valley College Foundation,
Inc. – Main Campus.” As a partial fulfillment of the requirement in Practical
Research 2 subject. Hence, to make this undertaking a success, we need to
conduct a survey for a data gathering purposes.
For this reason, we would like to ask permission from your good office to please
allow us to conduct our survey to the Grade 9 and 10 students of this institution
today (January 26, 2023) as we have chosen them as our respondents provided
that, whatever information is acquired will remain confidential and shall be used
for academic purposes only. And whatever the result will be, it will serve as voice
of concern to this institution.
We hope, your good office will give a positive feedback pertinent to this matter.
Thank you and to God be the highest glory!
48
Very truly yours,
Researchers:
CHRISA P. AHUNIN TRONY MANABE

CINDY BERGANTE ROLAND ORO
AUBREY CAMACHO TRISHA MARIE REYES
JOHN LAWRENCE GALILON BAINISA SANDIALEN
Noted by:
JONEL A. GASCON
Research Adviser
Approved by:
ERIC JASON E. SOMBRETRO, MBA
VP For Academic Affairs
Appendix 2. Survey Questionnaire
49
LEVEL OF KNOWLDGE AND WARENESS ABOUT SEX AND
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AMONG GRADE 9 AND GRADE 10 STUDENTS
OF GVCFI-MAIN CAMPUS
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
The Grade 12 HUMSS of GVCFI are presently conducting a research entitled
“Knowledge and Awareness about sex and reproductive health among
grade 9 & 10 students of GVCFI-Main Campus A.Y. 2022-2023”. Primarily,
this study aims to gather data about the knowledge and awareness of the
respondents in terms of sex, reproductive health, masturbation, STD’s,
pregnancy and abortion. In line with this, the researchers are expecting for your
genuine and active cooperation in this survey. Rest assured that whatever
information is acquired from the respondents will be treated with the utmost
confidentiality and shall be used for academic purposes only.
I. PESONAL DATA
Directions: Kindly fill out your personal data below.
Name (optional): _________________________ Grade Level: ____________
Age: _______ Sex: _______ Male Female
II.
50
Directions: Below is the list of statements assessing your knowledge and
awareness about sex, reproductive health, masturbation, sexually transmitted
diseases (STD’s), pregnancy, and abortion. Please put a check mark ( ✔) on the
column that corresponds to your answer.
INDICATORS YES NO
A. Knowledge about Female and Male Reproductive System.
1. Vagina is a female organ for sexual intercourse.
2. Babies are deliver through vagina.
3. Uterus is an organ where a baby develops before birth.
4. Ovaries are female gonads.
5. Penis is a male organ for sexual intercourse.
6. Testes are male gonads.
7. Sperm are produced in testes.
8. Ejaculation and passing urine are functions of penis.
9. Penile discharge during ejaculation contains sperm.
10. It is abnormal for a boy to develop beard, change in voice, and
pubic and axillary hair.
51
11. Girls are impure/dirty during their menses.
B. Knowledge Regarding Sexually Transmitted Diseases,
Contraception, Masturbation and Sex-Related Statements.
1. Sexual intercourse can cause sexually transmitted diseases.
2. HIV can be transmitted via sexual intercourse
3. Use of condoms is a safe sexual practice.
4. Use of birth control pills is a safe sexual practice.
5. Masturbation causes weakness in future.
6. Masturbation is a sin.
7. Talking or discussing about sex or reproduction is a sin.
8. Love means sex.
9. Being sexually attracted to a person of same sex is unnatural
(against nature or religion).
10. It is okay to force sex on somebody for enjoyment or fun.
11. Do you think you have a right to say no to sex?
12. It is safe to have sex with commercial sex worker?
C. Knowledge Regarding Pregnancy and Abortion.
52
1. Female who reach menarche (have menses) can become
pregnant after having sex.
2. Pregnancy can occur if there is penetration of vagina by penis.
3. For pregnancy to occur, ovum should be fertilized by sperm
4. One may become pregnant even after 1 act of sexual
intercourse.
5. Pregnancy does not occur after having sexual intercourse with
only one (1) partner.
6. Sexual intercourse before marriage can never lead to
pregnancy.
7. Pregnancy can be prevented by using condoms.
8. Having no sex is the best method to prevent pregnancy.
9. One can get pregnant by kissing.
10. Abortion done by a quack or an unauthorized person is illegal.
11. Illegal abortion may be responsible for infection.
12. Illegal abortion can cause severe bleeding.
13. Illegal abortion can cause mother’s death.
53
Appendix 3. Documentation
54
55
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Trisha Marie L. Reyes
Home Address: Purok Bagacay Brgy. Caloocan
Koronadal City, South Cotabato
Date of Birth: October 12 , 2005
Father's Name: Louro F. Reyes
Mother's Name: Roda L. Reyes
Email Address: Trishamarielaquitereyes@gmail.com
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
56
Secondary: Senior High school

Green Valley college Foundation Inc.
Bo 2,gensan drive koronadal city South Cotabato
S.Y. 2021-2023
Junior High School
Koronadal National Comprehensive High School
Doctor Jose Rizal Street,
S.Y. 2018-2021
Elementary: Marbel -1 Central Elementary School
Barangay GPS, City of Koronadal, South Cotabato
S.Y. 2011-2017
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: John Lawrence Galilon

Home Address: Brgy. Sto Niño, Purok Urban Dos
Date of Birth: November, 09 2004
Father's Name: N\A
Mother's Name: Alma M. Galilon
Email Address: lawrencegalilon38@gmail.com
57

Green Valley college Foundation Inc. City of
Koronadal, South Cotabato
Bo 2,gensan drive Koronadal City, South Cotabato
S.Y. 2021-2023
Junior High School
Doctor Jose Rizal Street
City of Koronadal, South cotabato
S.Y. 2018-2021
Elementary: KCES 2
Rizal Street, City of Koronadal, South Cotabato
S.Y. 2013-2018
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Chrisia P. Ahunin

Home Address: Brgy. New Iloilo Tantangan
South Cotabato
Date of Birth: February, 13 2002
Father's Name: N\A
Mother's Name: Marissa ahunin
Email Address: trishaahunin18@gmail.com
58
Green Valley college Foundation Inc.

Bo 2,gensan drive, Koronadal City, South Cotabato
S.Y. 2021-2023
Junior High School
KNCHS
Doctor Jose Rizal Street,
S.Y. 2018-2021
Elementary: Brgy. San Felipe Tantangan, South Cotabato
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Cindy Bergante
Home Address: B.1 Banga South Cotabato
Date of Birth: November 26, 2002
Father's Name: Alejandro L. Bulahan
Mother's Name: Joanne B.Bulahan
Email Address: bulahancindy26@gmail.com
Secondary: Senior High School

Grade 11 - Sto. Tomas National High School
Barangay Tibal-og Davao Del Norte
S.Y. 2021-2022
59
Green Valley college Foundation Inc. City of

Bo.2, Gensan drive Koronadal City, South Cotabato
S.Y. 2022-2023
Junior High School
LINHS
Barangay Libertad Surallah South Cotabato
S.Y. 2018-2019
Elementary: SAN ISIDRO Elementary School
Sto.Tomas Tibal-og, Davao Del Norte
S.Y. 2014-2015
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Bainisa Sandialin
Home Address: Brgy. Masipag, Prk. Mabini
City of Koronadal South Cotabato
Date of Birth: February 17, 2004
Father's Name: Salipla sandialin
Mother's Name: Bagutao sandialin
Email Address: 17bainisa@gmail.com
Secondary: Senior high School

Green valley college foundation Inc.
60
Bo.2, Gen Santos Drive, Koronadal City,

South Cotabato
S.Y. 2022-2023
Junior High School
Bo.2 Gen Santos Drive Koronadal City,
South Cotobato
S.Y. 2018 - 2019
Elementary: Tamnag Lutayan Elementary School

Barangay Blingkong, Sultan Kudarat
S.Y. 2015-2016
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Aubrey Camacho
Home Address: Bo.3 Banga, South Cotabato
Date of Birth: December 16, 2004
Father's Name: Leonardo Camacho
Mother's Name: Marites Camacho
Email Address: aubreymile1@gmail.com

Grade 11 - Rizal 3 National High School (R3NHS)
Brgy. Rizal 3 Banga, South Cotabato
S.Y. 2021-2022
61
Grade 12 - Green Valley College Foundation Inc. City

of Koronadal, South Cotabato
Bo.2, Gensan drive Koronadal City SouthCotabato
S.Y. 2022-2023
Junior High School
Rizal 3 National High School (R3NHS)
S.Y. 2017-2021
Elementary: Rizal Elementary School
2011-2016
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Trony S. Manabe
Home Address: Brgy. GPS, City of Koronadal,
South Cotabato
Date of Birth: May 06, 2000
Father's Name: Trony R. Manabe Jr.
Mother's Name: Emee Manabe
Email Address: tronymanabe06@gmail.com

Green Valley College Foundation Inc.
62

Km. 2, Bo.2, Gen Santos Drive Koronadal City
South Cotabato
S.Y 2022-2023
Junior High School
Tampakan National High School
Poblacion, Tampakan South Cotabato
S.Y 2016-2017
Elementary: Tampakan Central Elementary School
S.Y 2011-2012
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Roland Oro
Home Address: Brgy. Sta Cruz, City of Koronadal,
South Cotabato
Date of Birth: May 28, 2004
Father's Name: Rolando R. Jocson
Mother's Name: Anjie S. Oro
Email Address: ororoland69@gmail.com

Green Valley College Foundation Inc. City of
Km. 2, Bo.2, Gen Santos Drive Koronadal City
63
South Cotabato
S.Y 2022-2023
Junior High School
S.Y 2020-2021
Elementary: Crossing Diaz Elementary School,

City of Koronadal
S.Y 2015-2016
64

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Green Valley College Foundation, Inc.

Km. 2, Bo. 2, Gensan Drive, City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

AWARENESS ABOUT SEX AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AMONG GRADE

9 AND GRADE 10 STUDENTS OF GVCFI A.Y 2022-2023

Presented to the Faculty of

Senior High School Department

Green Valley College Foundation Inc.

City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Of the Requirements for the Academic Track

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)

Ahunin, Chrisia Manabe, Trony

Bergante, Cindy Oro, Roland

Camacho, Aubrey Reyes, Trisha Marie

Galilon, John Lawrence Sandialen, Bainisa

gratitude and acknowledgment to several individuals who helped us in

contributed and extended their valuable assistance in the preparation and

without these people:

unconditional love and, who have consistently supported us financially as we

knowledge and wisdom to make this endeavor a success.

sexually transmitted diseases, contraception, masturbation, pregnancy and

systems, 74% are generally aware of sexually transmitted diseases,

contraception, masturbation, and sex-related aspects, and 81% have a general

aware of pregnancy and abortion.

Keyword: Awareness, Abortion, Contraception, Masturbation, Pregnancy, Sex,

Background of the Study 7

Review of Related Literature 9

Statement of the Problem 20

Significance of the Study 21

Locale of the Study 26

Respondents of the Study 27

Data Gathering Procedure 28

of their rights as well as a good attitude in order to protect themselves from

unintended reproductive results. Many young people, however, lack the

knowledge and resources necessary to safeguard themselves against these

students' attitudes and understanding about sexual and reproductive health

(SRH) rights and related issues. (Decide, 2014)

education. Sex education is the dissemination of information on bodily

development, sex, sexuality, and relationships, according to Ramirez (2019).

unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections in addition to providing

an explanation to their sexual behavior. Also, it covers the process of forming

attitudes, values, and beliefs as well as motivation, skill-building, and

considerable awareness of one's sexual health and its implications. The

development and cultural background. (Ramirez, 2019)

people also need sexual education to support their overall development.

Adolescents' sexuality education is greatly influenced by the family, society, and

based sexuality education is undoubtedly necessary. Furthermore, even though

sexuality, its accuracy cannot be ensured. The importance of sexuality education

in schools cannot be overstated. (Yan, 2015)

In all aspects pertaining to the reproductive system and its processes,

reproductive health is a condition of whole physical, mental, and social well-being

and not only the absence of disease or infirmity. (Matthew, 2016)

Background of the Study

In Nigeria, reproductive health is a relatively new concept that recognizes

care, family planning, HIV/AIDS information, safer sex, unwanted pregnancy,

motherhood. Recently, programs for school going adolescent in India have

focused on information, education, and communication with a limited focus on

the provision of clinical and counseling services on reproductive health.

Educational programs can increase awareness about reproductive health, but

by adolescents. This paper will briefly focus on various aspects of reproductive

health. (Adesina, 2019)

EU migrants as "particularly pressing". They may experience discrimination and

a drop in their socio-economic status, which can lead to ill-health. Compared to