45.2.4 Derived units 42.2.

5 Decimal multiples and submultiples

All physical quantities have units derived from the base and
supplementary SI units, and some of them have been given
names for convenience in use. Base, supplementary and some of
the derived units are listed in Table 45.1.
Table 45.1 Systeme International base, supplementary and derived
units
Decimal multiples and submultiples of SI units are indicated by
the prefix letters given in Table 45.2. Thus, MN is meganewton
and us is microsecond. Prefixes for the kilogram are expressed in
terms of the gram, i.e. 1000kg= 1 Mg, not 1 kkg. There is a
preference to express stress as 1 N/mm2 instead of 1 MN/mm2.
Table 45.2 Decimal prefixes

Quantity Unit name Derivation Unit Factor by which Prefix

symbol unit is multiplied Name Symbol

1018 exa E
Base
length Metre m 1015 peta P
mass Kilogram kg 1012 tera T
time Second s 109 giga G
electric current Ampere A 106 mega M
thermodynamic Kelvin K 103 kilo k
temperature 102 hecto h
luminous intensity Candela cd 10' deca da
amount of Mole mol 10 ' deci d
substance 10 2 centi c
10 3 milli m
Supplementary
plane angle Radian rad 10 6 micro u,
solid angle Steradian sr 10 9 nano n
Derived 10 l2 pico p
force Newton kgm/s 2 N 10 15 femto f
pressure, stress Pascal N/m 2 Pa 10 18 atto a
energy Joule N m, W s J
power Watt J/s W 45.2.6 Common variations and auxiliary units
electric charge, Coulomb As C
flux The main variations that are commonly applied to civil engi-
magnetic flux Weber Vs Wb neering are:
electric potential Volt J/C V Stress expressed as N/mm instead of pascals (Pa) (1 N/mm
magnetic flux Tesla Wb/m2 T = 1 MN/m= IMPa)
density Pressure, e.g. underwater, expressed as bar instead of pascals
resistance Ohm V/A Q (1 bar= 10OkPa, 1 mbar = 0.1 kPa)
inductance Henry Wb/A, Vs/A H Temperature expressed as 0C (Celsius or centigrade) instead
capacitance Farad C/V, A s/V F of K (kelvin) (O0C = 273.16K, 10O0C = 373.16 K)
conductance Siemens A/V S Mass expressed as tonne instead of kilograms (kg)
frequency Hertz s ' Hz ( I t =1000 kg)
luminous flux Lumen cd sr Im
illuminance Lux lm/m2 Ix Some of the common variations from the strict SI system are
radiation activity Becquerel s ' Bq listed in Table 45.3 and are here termed 'auxiliary' units.
absorbed dose Gray J/kg Gy
mass density Kilogram per Table 45.3 Auxiliary units
cubic metre kg/m3
dynamic viscosity Pascal-second Pa s Quantity Symbol SI
concentration Mole per cubic
metre mol/m3 Angle
linear velocity Metre per second m/s degree (°) TC/180 rad
linear acceleration Metre per second- minute (') — —
squared m/s2 second (") - -
angular velocity Radian per second rad/s Area
angular Radian per second- acre a 100 m2
2
acceleration squared rad/s hectare ha 0.01 km2
torque Newton metre Nm barn barn 10 28 m2
current density Ampere per square
metre A/m 2 Energy
resistivity Ohm metre Qm erg erg 0.1 uJ
conductivity Siemens per metre S/m calorie cal 4.186 J
thermal capacity Joule per kelvin J/K electron-volt eV 0.160 aJ
specific heat Joule per kilogram gauss-oersted GaOe 7.96 uJ/m3
capacity kelvin J/(kg K)
thermal Watt per metre Force
conductivity kelvin W/(m K) dyne dyn 10 uN
luminance Candela per square
Length
metre cd/m2 Angstrom A 0.1 um