ACTIVITY#2

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Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are legal rights that protect creations of the mind or intellect. They
provide exclusive rights to individuals or organizations over their intellectual creations, thereby
encouraging innovation and creativity.

1. Copyright: Copyright protects original works of authorship, such as literary, artistic, musical, and
dramatic works, as well as computer software, sound recordings, and architectural designs. It
grants the creator exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute, perform, display, and modify the
work. Copyright protection is automatic upon creation and typically lasts for the life of the
author plus a certain number of years.

2. Trademark: Trademarks are distinctive signs, symbols, logos, names, or phrases used to
distinguish goods or services of one business from another. They serve as identifiers of the
source and quality of products or services. Trademark protection prevents others from using
similar marks that may cause confusion among consumers. Registration with the relevant
authority provides stronger protection, but common law rights can also be acquired through
use.

3. Patent: Patents protect inventions and provide inventors with exclusive rights to prevent others
from making, using, selling, or importing their inventions without permission. Patents are
granted for new and non-obvious inventions that have industrial applicability. They require a
formal application and examination process, and once granted, the patent rights typically last
for a fixed period (often 20 years) from the date of filing.

4. Trade Secret: Trade secrets refer to confidential and valuable business information that derives
its value from being kept secret. This can include formulas, manufacturing processes, customer
lists, business strategies, and other proprietary information. Unlike patents or copyrights, trade
secrets are protected through secrecy and can potentially be maintained indefinitely, as long as
the information remains confidential.

5. Industrial Design: Industrial design rights protect the visual appearance or aesthetic aspects of a
product. They cover the unique and non-functional design elements, such as shapes, patterns,
colors, or ornamentation, that give a product a distinctive look and feel. Industrial designs can
be registered for protection, which typically lasts for a limited period.
 6. Geographical Indication: Geographical indications (GIs) identify products that originate from a
specific geographic region and possess qualities, reputation, or characteristics attributable to
that location. GIs protect traditional knowledge, cultural heritage, and unique qualities
associated with products like wine, cheese, handicrafts, or agricultural products. GIs can be
registered and enforced to prevent misuse and misrepresentation.

7. Plant Variety Protection: Plant variety protection rights (PVP) grant exclusive rights to plant
breeders over new varieties of plants. PVP allows breeders to control the production, sale, and
distribution of their plant varieties for a limited period. These rights encourage the development
of new and improved plant varieties, particularly in agriculture.

Insights: Copyright and Trademark

Copyright is a sort of intellectual property right that protects the authorship of original works. It gives
authors sole ownership of their works, allowing them to determine how their inventions are utilized and
distributed.

A trademark is a distinctive sign, symbol, logo, name, or phrase that identifies and distinguishes the
source of goods or services from those of others. It serves as a valuable asset for businesses by enabling
consumers to recognize and associate specific qualities, reputation, or origin with a particular brand.

Importance of Strategies in Cyber Security

1. Protection of Sensitive Information
2. Prevention of Data Breaches
3. Safeguarding Customer Trust
4. Compliance with Regulations
5. Protection Against Cyber Attacks
6. Business Continuity and Resilienceme