Treasury Management in Banking Answer 38. Introduction The clearing and settlement of several nancial products in India, including foreign currency contracts, is greatly aided by the Clearing Corporation of India Ltd, (CCIL}, Acucial component of the global financial system, the foreign exchange market supports intermational commerce and investment while enabling currency exchange. Concept and Application ‘The Clearing Corporation of india Ltd. (CCIL) plays a significant role in the clearing and settlement of various financial products in India, including foreign exchange products. Here's an explanation ofthe role played by CCIL for foreign exchange products: 4. Central Counterparty (CCP): CCIL serves as the central counterparry for goods involving foreign exchange, acting as both a buyer and a seller to each other. CCIL effectively becomes the buyer's counterparty for each seller and the seller's, counterparty for each buyer by standing in between the counterparties. Through ‘ensuring the prompt and safe sattlament of foreign exchange transactions, this arrangement helps to reduce counterparty risk. 2. Trade Confirmation and Matching: CCIL makes it easier to confirm and match deals for items using foreign exchange. It verifies the specifics of the transactions, such as the trade parameters, participant information, and other pertinent data. A platform for transaction confirmation and matching is provided by CCIL, which improves the settlement process's accuracy, transparency, and efficiency. 3. Netting and Offset: For foreign currency products, CCIL provides netting services. With the offset of buy and sell positions, it determines the net obligations of participants based on their active trades. Netting improves the use of cash and collateral by lowering the number of settlements necessary. This improves settlement process effectiveness and lowers systemic risks. 4, Collateral Management: Collateral needs for items involving foreign currencies are managed by CCI. Collateralization regulations are established, defining the kinds of acceptable collateral that parties must offer. The safety and integrity of foreign ‘exchange transactions are ensured by collateral, which serves as a protection against future defaults. In order to efficiently reduce counterparty credit risks, CCIL ‘maintains and monitors the collateral ofered by participants, 5. Risk Management: For the control of foreign currency product risks, CCILis ‘essential It uses a varoty of risk management techniques, including positon limits, slress testing, and margining, to monitor and reduce the risks involved with foreign currency transactions. By puting in place effective risk management procedures, CCIL contributes to upholding the integrity and stabilty ofthe foreign exchange market 6, Settlement Guarantee: For items involving foreign exchange, CCIL offers, settlement guarantees. In the event of a participant default, CCIL intervenes to see to a 117% 4i 6:49 Business: Ethics, Governance & Risk Answer Introduction Risk managements a crical function for companias, particle for thos listed on the stock exchange thet operate in complex and dynamic environments. The board ‘of droctrs of alisod company is sponsible fr oversoving the company’s risk management framework and ensuring tha itis effective in identifying and mieating risks that may affect the company’s capacity to achieve its goals. This responsiblity is based on the ethical pnciple of the company’s fiduciary duty to actin the hast interests of ts stakeholders, Including shareholders, employees, customers, ‘Suppliers, and the wider communi. We wit use Hindustan Unilever Limited (UL), ‘one ofthe fop S00 companies ited onthe National Stock Exchange (NSE) by market capitalization, as an example tollustate the Key inivatves taken by the ‘company to manage one financial sk and one non-francial skin the fiscal year ani Concept and Application “The ethical principle that ques risk management is that itis on othe business to recognise, valuala, and con the risks related to is actives. This rulo is based fon the board of directors fiduciary responsibly to act in the organization's and its stakeholders best nieve, induding sharehelders, staff members, clients, vendors, land the general pubic For ousinesses, risk management is an essential task, ‘especialy for ited fms that oporato in complicated and dynamic contests. A litod ‘company's board of dirctors is in charge of reviewing the company's isk management framework and making sure itis sucessful at detecting and managing fick that might have an impact onthe company's capacity to fll its goals ‘Toillustate how a sted company’s board manages energies risk, we can take the ‘example of Hindustan Unievor Limited (HUL), one of the top 800 comparies listed ‘on the Natonal Stock Exchange (NSE) by market capitalization HULis a subsiiary ‘of Uniever, multinational eansumer goods company headquartered In London, UK HUL's board of sirectors has estabished a rabust sk management framowork to identify, assess, and manage risks associated wih is operalions. This frameworks ‘agnad with ine principles of os corparate governance and is designad 0 ensure that the company operatos in a sustainable and sponsible manner. Financial Risk Management Initiate: ‘One ofthe key financial risks that HUL faces i foreign exchange tek, given its significant exposure to foreign currencies due tots interational operations. To ‘manage this risk, HUL has implemented a comprehensive hedging program that includes the use of forward contracts an options to mfigate the impact of curency fluctuations on is financial results. Inits Annual Report for FY2021-22, HUL statas tha thas continued o implement {his hedging program to manage is exposure to foreign curency sk. Specialy, ‘the company has hedged its foreign curroncy exposures up to 12 menths ahoad using a combination of foward contracts and options. HUL's board af rectors has reviewed and approved tis hedging program, which isimplementad by the ‘company’s treasury teem under the guidance ofthe Boar's rsk management commitee Nom Financial Risk Management Initiative “Another ky risk that HUL fa00s is reputational isk. von its strong brand identity 0/6 100% 4