"Year of Unity, Peace and

Development"

THEME: Evolution of the"TURNTABLE"

AREA: English
TEACHER: Viviana Ortiz

MEMBERS: Elvis and Nayeli Villar

TUMBES - PERU
 Evolution of the "TURNTABLE"

The 1920s brought improvements in radio technology, and many phonograph

dealers went to financial ruin.
It was in 1925 that an electric record player first appeared, leaving behind the
mechanical era and gaining new advantages.
For example, the electric motor allowed the turntable to rotate at a constant speed
of 33 RPM (revolutions per minute), 45 RPM or 78 RPM, achieving better sound
fidelity. Another great advantage was that the volume of playback could be
controlled, a condition impossible with mechanical turntables.
Even so, with efforts in improving audio fidelity, record companies maintained
sales until the end of the decade. But many companies had to merge or go
bankrupt during the Great Depression.
During the 1930s the first record of long reproduction was presented. Similar to
the LP we are all familiar with, the 12-inch diameter disc was designed to be
played at 33 and 1/3 rotations per minute.
Companies such as Stanton, in 1946 focused on making an easily replaceable
pencil phonograph, made with a turntable; being an even more practical product
for buyers. And so, throughout the 1940s, 10" and 78 rpm records with a 12"
shellac base continued to prevail.
Record sales increased appreciably in the late 30s and early 40s. The first
commercial vinyl record was Prince Igor's five-disc 12" album set. By this time
phonograph houses had become much more common. But it wasn't until the
1940s that record players became famous.

The record player

Listening to music for many has become simply connecting headphones to cell
phones, turning on the computer or car stereo. But before the nineteenth century
music was heard live since all these inventions did not exist.
It is curious to think that at that time many inventors of the time did not seek to
create something for the music industry simply had in mind to make an artifact
that was capable of recording and reproducing sounds.
For this occasion The Talking Whale has prepared an article dedicated to that
great invention, the invention that revolutionized the way we listen to music
today, from which everything was derived, and which for many of us is still the
best to reproduce and enjoy music.
To talk about the history of the record player it is necessary to go back not only to
the date on which this product is officially launched, but a little further back, even
to the birth of what would be the "big brother" of the record player: the
phonograph.
This was a device invented by Thomas Edison in 1877, which recorded the voice
on wax and cardboard cylinders and played them by means of a needle, which
was oriented according to the movement through the groove. The needle
responded to the vibrations of sound produced a groove up and down in the foil.
Alexander Graham Bell made several improvements in the 1880s. Wax-coated
cardboard cylinders were designed, and a cutting needle that moved from side to
side in a "zigzag" around the disc.
By the 1890s, Emile Berliner introduced flat discs with a spiral groove running
from the periphery to near the center.
Over the years, improvements continued to be made to Edison's phonograph, 24
years later the music industry capable of recording and playing records was born.
A few years later the gramophone would arrive, which includes as a novelty the
turntable that would later remain in the design of the record player. The success
represented by the gramophones captivated during the first years by the novelty
of being able to listen to music from a box.
The gramophone was commercialized reaching great success among the public.
Unlike Edison's cylinders, the vinyl record could easily be mass-produced. As a
result, the gramophone dominated the consumer market, with companies such as
marketing companies Victor and Talking Machine Company, better known as
"victrolas" by the general public.
The 1920s brought improvements in radio technology, and many phonograph
dealers went to financial ruin.
It was in 1925 that an electric record player first appeared, leaving behind the
mechanical era and gaining new advantages.
For example, the electric motor allowed the turntable to rotate at a constant speed
of 33 RPM (revolutions per minute), 45 RPM or 78 RPM, achieving better sound
fidelity. Another great advantage was that the volume of playback could be
controlled, a condition impossible with mechanical turntables.
Even so, with efforts in improving audio fidelity, record companies maintained
sales until the end of the decade. But many companies had to merge or go
bankrupt during the Great Depression.
During the 1930s the first record of long reproduction was presented. Similar to
the LP we are all familiar with, the 12-inch diameter disc was designed to be
played at 33 and 1/3 rotations per minute.
Companies such as Stanton, in 1946 focused on making an easily replaceable
pencil phonograph, made with a turntable; being an even more practical product
for buyers. And so, throughout the 1940s, 10" and 78 rpm records with a 12"
shellac base continued to prevail.
Record sales increased appreciably in the late 30s and early 40s.

The first commercial vinyl record was Prince Igor's five-disc 12" album set. By
this time phonograph houses had become much more common. But it wasn't until
the 1940s that record players became famous.

Now, do you know what are the parts that make up a record player?

• Phonochasis and suspension

• Turntable
• Pitch adjustment (on some models)
• Traction
• Phonocaptor arm
• Sound capture capsule
• Needles

Although turntables represented a great technological advance and everyone

wanted to have one at home to listen to their favorite music, it also had a great
disadvantage, in its early years they were very expensive, their price could be
compared to that of a car of the year, because they were the latest in technology.
Therefore, in the beginning it was not easy to distribute and were acquired mainly
by people with a lot of money, institutions and radio stations.
After the first decade since its appearance, record player stores became much
more popular as did vinyl stores. Little by little they were incorporating materials
that replaced the first ones to reduce production costs and make them accessible
to the general public.
During the decade of the 40s and World War II, record players had become very
popular and it was common to find them in the homes of upper-middle class
families.
In 1955, Philco produced turntable models made entirely of transistors, an
example being the TPA-1 turntable and the ATR-2, an edition of The Wall Street
Journal. These began to be sold in the fall of 1955, but it was not until 1956 that
the company decided to suspend both models, the reason? Transistors were too
expensive compared to vacuum tubes. Even so, it was the only breakthrough of
record players in recent years.
In the 60s, the greatest popularity of record players and their sales boom were
recorded because prices continued to fall. You could see more sophisticated
turntables of the Winco brand, which were semi-automatic and revolutionized the
experience of listening to recorded music, since they were able to return their
phonocaptor arm by themselves to play the disc and if several discs were put they
could play them all automatically, although only on one side. And when finished,
they returned their phonocaptor arm to its place, turned off its engine and the
electricity of the device automatically, which caused a great impact.
By the end of the decade, the eight-track player that was mainly used in the car
appeared, and they also released a portable version of the turntable to carry it also
in the car, and it remained the preferred choice of music lovers.

History of the record player

As happened with Thomas Alva Edison, who invented the first artifact closest to
becoming a record player, learn below the interesting history of this invention. By
1857 Leon Scott had already discovered the way to record sounds with the
invention he patented as a phonautograph, however he had no way to reproduce
the recorded sounds.

Later in 1877, Thomas Alva Edison patented the phonograph, an invention

capable of recording and subsequently reproducing the sounds that were recorded
on cylinders. But things would not stop there, in 1883 Chichester scientists
Alexander Bell, his cousin Alexander Graham Bell and his partner Charles
Tainter improved Edison's phonograph giving way to the graphophone and
created the Volta Graphophone Company in 1886.

Two years later another breakthrough came with the astuteness of Emile
Berliner, who called his improvement gramophone, this was able to work with a
vulcanized 5" rubber disc and was driven manually.

Turntable Repair: Won't Move - Radioexperto.comEldridge Johnson, quien

aportó al gramófono un motor de resorte que impulsaba el plato.
 Evolution of the record player

With all the improvements that were

made to Edison's phonograph, 24
years later the music industry capable
of recording and playing records was
born.

The success represented by the

gramophones captivated during the
first years an audience crazed by the
novelty of being able to listen to
music from a box.

Turntable with wire recorder, old

artifact of the years 1920-1930 However, it still had very limited functions and
had a further evolution when an electric motor was added that facilitated its
reproduction. In 1925 an electric record player appeared for the first time, leaving
behind the mechanical era and gaining new advantages.

For example, the electric motor allowed the turntable to rotate at a constant
speed of 33 RPM (revolutions per minute), 45 RPM or 78 RPM, achieving better
sound fidelity.

Another great advantage was that the volume of playback could be controlled, a
condition impossible with mechanical turntables.

Parts that make up a record player

1. Phonochasis and suspension

2. Turntable
3. Pitch adjustment (on some models)
4. Traction
5. Phonocaptor arm
6. Sound capture capsule
7. Needles
 Early years in the history of the record player

Although turntables represented a great technological advance and everyone

wanted to have one at home to listen to their favorite music, it also had a great
disadvantage.

The record players in their early years were very expensive, their price was
compared to that of a car of the year, because they meant the latest in technology.

Therefore, at the beginning their distribution was not easy and they were mainly
used by wealthy people, institutions or radio stations.

After the first decade since its appearance, record player houses became much
more popular as did vinyl stores. And they were finding materials that replaced
the initial ones to reduce production costs and make them accessible to the
general public.

By the 40s and during World War II, record players had become very popular and
it was common to find them in the homes of upper-middle class families.

Increased popularity of turntables

The Philco company ventured to create in 1955 two models of turntables with
transistors, which represented the only advance of turntables in recent years.

But they quickly withdrew their products from the market because of the high
production costs involved in transistors compared to vacuum tubes. During the
decade of the 60 there was the greatest popularity of record players and their
sales boom because prices became even cheaper.

More sophisticated Winco turntables also appeared, which were semi-automatic

and further revolutionized the experience of listening to recorded music. They
were able to return their phonocaptor arm on their own To play the disc and if
several discs were put I could play them all automatically but only on one side.
And when finished, they returned their phonocaptor arm to its place, turned off its
engine and the electricity of the device automatically, which caused a great
impact.
 First competitors of the record player

At the end of the 60s, competing devices of the record player began to appear,
such as the eight-track player that was mainly used in the car.

Then a portable version of the record player emerged to carry it also in the car,
and remained the preferred choice of music lovers.
With the arrival of cassettes in the 80s things began to change, because
although vinyls had better sound quality, cassettes were much more practical
and portable.

However, vinyls and turntables remained and had already become very precise
instruments with strap or direct drive. Some dishes even had electronically
controlled linear tracking and magnetic cartridges.

Decline of turntables

But being honest, turntables also had details that needed to be fixed and that
ultimately ended up being disadvantages in the eyes of their users.

The record players used to scratch the vinyl or wear them, it was also common for
the needle to lock and repeat some segment of the vinyl, causing a click that
betrayed its error.

This type of details that at first were overlooked in front of all the qualities they
showed, became invisible with the arrival of the CDs.

Little by little the record players ceased to be valid, until one day they were
dragged into a corner of homes and replaced by stereos with CD and cassette
playback.

Record players as cult gadgets

Although most people got rid of their old record player, a music lover minority
who worship the sound quality of record players continued to keep them.

And its use represents a musical ritual of great vinyl records with covers in most
cases incredible, thus completing the piece of art.
Turntables were also kept in place largely by DJs, who use their turntable
variation to mix live music.

Many knowledgeable artists continued to bet on recording their albums on

vinyl records while doing so in CD and Mp3 format.

Currently with the vintage trend turntables and vinyls are back with greater force,
and even underwent a new evolution.

Some brands offer turntables with different inputs, including USB, to transform
the music from the vinyl to digital format.

When was the turntable discontinued?

These began to be sold in the fall of 1955, but it was not until 1956 that the
company decided to suspend both models, the reason? Transistors were too
expensive compared to vacuum tubes. Even so, it was the only breakthrough of
record players in recent years.

Who invented the record player?

Thomas Edison is considered the inventor of the record player in 1877. His
phonograph originally recorded sound on a sheet of aluminum foil wrapped in a
cylinder. The needle responded to the vibrations of sound produced a groove up
and down in the foil.