Professional Documents
Culture Documents
20 50
1997 2012
1986
72
James C. Scott ,
London Review of Books
New
Books in Gender Studies
——
1949
2
1958
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1
2001 1934
1938
2
! 1!
20 30
3
1938
4
—— ——
5
20 50
—— ——
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
3
http://aes.iupui.edu/rwise/banknotes/china/chio79_f.jpg
http://aes.iupui.edu/rwise/banknotes/china/ChinaP73-10Yuan-1934-donated_f.jpg;
http://aes.iupui.edu/rwise/banknotes/china/ChinaP218d-10Yuan-1936_f.jpg;
http://aes.iupui.edu/rwise/banknotes/china/ChinaP460-50Cents-1936_f.jpg.
4
20 30 9
• Donald Winnicott 20
Abram Hjulmand
2007 220-21 Shila Namir
! 2!
1996
1992
20 50
20 50
1949
8
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
8
Boyarin 1994
Rutz 1992 1992 Tyrene White 2006 7-8
9
50 60
Myrdal 1967 Schurmann 1968 1969 1980
1990 Friedman 1991 Hinton 1997 Thaxon
2008 2009
! 3!
10
1957
50
1959 1966
11
50
1950
——
1949
50
1950
50
——
20 70
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
10
Vogel 1971 Lieberthal 1980
Solinger 50
2004 2006
11
farmer peasant
Cohen 2005 60-74
312-14 peasant 1949
! 4!
12
1950
20 50
20 80
13
20 90
50
1948
90
80 50
50
50
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
12
50
Andors 1983 Croll 1980 Davin
1976 Diamond 1975 Johnson 1983 Stacey
1983 Wolf 1985
13
1986 1997 1988
! 5!
50
• Joan Kelly
14
1996 2006
15
1949
30 40
50 60
B
G
T Z
1949
16
1949
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
14
1984
15
16
1996
101-6 108-9 114-16 1990 13-16
T 1935 1932
1935
! 6!
1949
40
50
G
B
50
50
17
1949
50
50 70 50 60
1996 2006
1949
50
• Timothy
Mitchell
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1982
1986 1987
17
1985 Jacka 1997 !
! 7!
18
20 50
19
1950 50
20 50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
18
1991 1999
19
• Jonathan Boyarin 1994 ix
! 8!
20
1979
—— ——
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
20
! 9!
21
20 50
80
1949
22
23
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
21
22
2003 Nora 1996
1997 1998 2001
23
1997 140
! 10!
20 50
1949
50
• Tip O’Neil
1 1940
Z 1949 Z
1951 163, 141 85, 451
77, 690 198-381 1951 , 139-46
1996 19-21
1940
B G
T Z
! 1!
Z
1990 53-54 58-62 70-73
B
T T
1
B T
Z
2
G
G
20 50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1
T 1997
2
1990 7 Z 1999
3
2001 G 600 2700
2001 7, 705 2, 000
200 G 2001
Vermeer 1988 227-28 B
G 1910 Teichman
1921 80 20 30 1932
195 201
1949 2000
B G 40 90
1996 769-78
! 2!
”
20 50
1950
4
20
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
4
1995 archives
the archive Bradley 1999 Osborne
1999 Steedman 1998 2002
5
! 3!
6
50
1962 1963
7
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
6
7
1959
8
Amin 1995 4
! 4!
1996 8
——
1997
T
9
B
38
10
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
9
T 1997
10
1999
! 5!
50
11
2006 4 26
1998
1996
12
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
11
2001
12
! 6!
T
Z
13
14
15
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
13
1990 7 1966
1966
14
1997
15
Dudley 1998
! 7!
16
17
20 50
80 50
50
20 50
• Jacques
18
Le Goff
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
16
1998 2003 1997
17
Oakley 1981
18
Le Goff 1992 52
! 8!
19
• Alessandro Portelli
20
21
G
50
22
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
19
Pennebaker
Banasik 1997 7-8
20
1991 52
21
! 9!
23
Jan Vansina
24
20 20
25
20 50
26
Luise White
27
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
23
1991 1997 1998
24
1985 91-92 1995 3
25
1992 47
26
1991 256 199
256
27
2000 5 Mueggler 2007
! 10!
——
20 50
28
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
28
! 11!
50
20
40 50
1949
1949
29
20 40 1963
1949
30
80
31
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Leydesdorff Thompson 1996 Brücker
1996 Piscitelli 1996 2004 2001
29
1949 1947
1947 3
30
1993
31
2004
! 12!
G
G
1960
32
40
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
32
2005 162-63
! 13!
20 50
33
——
2006 B
34
35
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
33
L’Engle 1975
34
Gupta 1994
35
2008 11 6
! 14!
50 50
1949
36
37
1949
50 70
70
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
36
Passerini 1987
4 17 21 27-28
37
! 15!
20 10
30
38
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
38
1992 38
! 16!
39
50
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
39
Malysheva Bertaux
1996 Skultans 1998 Tai 2001 Kaneff
2004 2002
! 17!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1
1913 1993 512
1999 3
1992 13
1997
2
1992 14
3
1911
20 40
400 650 1999 888-89
4
35
! 1!
1929
6
7
8
1929
160
9
10
11
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
5
1925 1928
1929
129, 000 66, 000 1930
1931 5000 1932 1933
1999 148 293 1928 1933
753
6
2000 90 1912 1948 1, 233
569 346
34 1936 1931 1933
34.6%
28.5% 101 Vermeer 1988 30-31
1990 70
1876 1879
1980 1898 1901
Nichols 1902 228-41 1989
1996 743-51 20 30
1936 9 6 21 32
15 8 21 221-26
7
2000 90 2005 23
1929 Sino-Western Relief
Association Van de Ven 2003 131
1932
1932 52
8
1988 28-38 45-46
9
2000 410
10
1990 141
11
1988 34 408 1938
! 2!
12
13
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
2.9% 0.1%
3 1938 7 53-54 102 126 156 1988
408 508 74
12
1929
2001
1996 1996
13
1936
118.5 100 129 100 1988 32-
33
14
1992 14
15
15
! 3!
1949 20 50
16
17
1949
18
20 30
40 —— ——
1949
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
16
Hinton 1997 Anagnost 1997 28-44
Mclaren 2000 2002
17
2000
Smith 1894
18
! 4!
——
19
20
21
22
23
—— 1949 —
—
24
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
19
Felman Laub 1992
57
1949
91
20
1999
21
1996
22
1999 1996
23
1996 1996
24
1996 1996 1996 2006
1999 2006
1996 805
1987 794
! 5!
1949 1949
1950
25
20 20 30 40
1949
30 40
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
25
1996 1996 2006
! 6!
1949
26
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
26
1992 15
! 7!
28
30
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
27
28
Croll 1996
• Luisa Passerini 1987 61
! 8!
29
30
1936 1947
1935
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
29
1949
13
1992
16
! 9!
1938
31
32
33
1938
34
35
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
31
1933
1937 1938
60, 877 57%
1997 37
32
1997 15
33
29
2 28
34
1997 15-16
1992 18 1992 266-67
35
1949 1938 136.8
1997 53 54
! 10!
20 20
36
1908
37 38
39
1918
1912
40
20
41
20
1925
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
36
1996
37
1993 511 1908
1987 617 1903 1956
47 1909 1910 178-
161-074
38
1996
39
1997
40
2001 1997
20 30
50
1996
41
1999
1902 134-35 2005
! 11!
42
43
20
44
T
45
46
47
48
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
42
1999 28
1996 270
43
1996
44
1997 1997 1996 2001
1996
45
2004
46
2001 Kaplan Murray 1985 234
1902
129
! 12!
49
G
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
1949
30 40
58
59
G
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
49
1996 1996
50
2001
51
2004 Holm 2003 866
52
1997 1997 1997
53
1997
54
1997 1997 1997 1997
1999
55
1996 2006 1997 2001
56
1996
57
2006 1996 B
1997 T 30
2001 G 20 30
58
1996
59
1999
! 13!
60
1918
61
62
63
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
60
2001
61
1902
! 14!
64
66
67
68
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
64
1999
65
66
1997 1997 2001 2006
2001 1997 2001
67
2004
68
1997 1997
! 15!
69
70
71
72 73
74
75
1.1
109
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
69
2004 2006 2001
70
2004 2006 2006
71
1996 2006 2001
72
2006
73
74
1997 1997
75
2001
! 16!
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
1 1.5
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
76
2001
77
2001 1997 2006 1997
1997 2001 2001 2004
2006 B 42
12
78
2006
79
1996 1997 1996 1997
1997 1999 2001 2001
1999
80
1997 1997 1997 1997
1999
81
2001 2001 2006 1996
2006 2006
82
1997 1997
! 17!
83
84
85
20 30 40
86
40
87
1949
1949
88
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
83
1997
84
T
B
Z
1997 2006 1999
85
1999
86
1996
87
1999
88
2001
! 18!
89
90
1932 6 8
91
92
1941
93
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
89
1997 1999
90
2001
91
1987 17 2, 129
1996 13 1994
20
92
1990 141
93
1997
! 19!
94
95
96
97
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
94
Service 1974 17 11 3,
000
95
4, 000 7, 000
2001
96
1949 1968
2001 2004
97
2001
! 20!
98
30
1946
30 40
99
1944 G
100
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
98
1996
99
1997
100
40
G 2001
1949 1939 1948
! 21!
30 40 1939
101
200 000
G
102 103
104
B
105
1944 B
106
1945 1946 B
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
101
1937 18 25 3 26 45
Z 5 000
103
20 30
18 40
2003 44 1933
1940
1996 19-21
104
Ruf 1998 24-28
1987 503
105
1996
106
1996
! 22!
107
108
20 30
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
107
1996 1947
1987 503
108
1996
! 23!
1936 12 13
1938 10 1939
10
110
30 1941
111
30 1936
1938 1939
1942
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
109
110
1987 17 18
111
1918 9 1987 617
1918
17 1934
1937 1940 50
1941
1996 178-27-025 1952 178-209-009 1953 1941
9 21
1987 19
! 24!
112
113
40
114
115
1912
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
112
Z 1987 19
503
113
1996
114
115
1921 74-76 1910
1916-28
20 30 Bilingsley
1988 30
20
1995 9 19 80
111-14 136-37 187-90 208-10 30 2006
454-57 30 454
! 25!
116
1927
117
1928 1932
5000 Z
500
Z
2 2700 2000
118
1600 2000
119
120
121
Z 40
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
116
2001
117
1927 G
1928 7
1996 12
118
1994 485 1999 Z
119
1999
120
1999
121
1999
! 26!
122
Z 40
123
124
125
40
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
122
1999
123
Z 20 1949
1941 11
1943 6
1944 11
1994 23-24
Z
124
1999
125
1999
1949
2004
! 27!
126
127
128
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
126
1999
127
Westad 2003 150-154 254-55
128
1947 9
9 15
1997 16 1992 20
! 28!
1950
1940 Z
129
1949 Z
1946
130
Z 1934
131
1940
132
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1992
129
1999
130
1994 24-25
131
20-21 1981 240-43 1982 35-42 78-
97 130-31 1982 153-84
132
1982 51-57 135 1982 260-88
! 29!
Z
1999
Z 1917 Z
133
1945
134
1949 Z
135
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
133
1999
134
1940 Z
1994 480 1941
135
1999
! 30!
136
1945
137
1946 12
1947
138
1948
139
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
136
1999
1999
137
Z
1994 488-90
138
1996 14-15 1982
1996 309-11 2 1998 10
G G
139
1977 9
! 31!
140
B B
141
142
5 29 6
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
140
1949 6 Hooton 1991
166 1996 312-13
141
1996 T
1949 12
1990 16
142
! 32!
143
144
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
143
4 5
6 25 26
1992 20
144
178-106-005 1949 6 20
Rofel 1999
72
1949
1949
64-80
! 33!
145
146
1949
147
1949
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
145
2001
146
1928
1942 Z
1997 1997
G 2004
2001
147
1996
! 34!
1949
1949
1949
! 35!
1949
2
1950 4
20 50
“ ”
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1
1997
1999 4
2
1997 1993
512
! 1!
3
20 50
50
——
B
B
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
3
Honig 1986
Hershatter 1986
4
1996 Liu Ching
1977
5
Bennett 1976
! 2!
B
6
lieux de memoire
—— ——
50
• Timothy Mitchell
7
—— 50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
6
Nora 1996 1997 1998
7
• Timothy Mitchell 1991 1999
1991
93
89
78
! 3!
1949
50
20 50
“
9
”
30 40
1918 17
10
B 1932
——
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
9
76
10
B
60 B 9
! 4!
“ ” “ ”——
11
1941
12
1949 5
13
B
14
B
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
11
1996 2006
12
13
2006 1933
297
298-99
304-5
14
1996
! 5!
15
16
G 135, 000
17
600, 000 426, 000
4, 000
18
19
20
21
1950
22
23
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
15
1949 8 25 1987 21
1950 10 247
1994 3-5 178-107-016 1950
1996 271-73
16
1996 178-102-
015 1949 10 12
17
1994 2 77, 900 50
18
178-97-011 1949 10 15 178-100
013 1949 10 19
19
178-97-011 1949 10 15
178-102-006 1949 10 12
20
1987 21
21
178-97-011 1949 10 15 1994 2
1988 296 1949 12
1950 5 12, 651
1996
B
22
1996
1952 1957 1993 367
1988 297 503 14 1950 700, 000
23
3 1987 22
! 6!
11
24
1949
25
80
80
26
27
28
29
1935
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
24
1996
25
1996
1996 1996
26
1996
27
1996 1996
1993 367
28
178-209-009 1953 30 40
29
1996
! 7!
30
31
1950
32
33
34
……
…… 2
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
30
178-209-009 1953 1949
178-27-025 1952
31
178-100-013 1949 10 19
178-106- 05 1949 1 19
32
178-103-010 1950
33
1996 1996
34
1996 1952
179 136 103 88
50 90 85% 178-117-008 1952
1954
8 27
! 8!
80 80
[ ]
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
35
1997
36
1996 1996
37
1996
38
1996 1996
39
1996
1950 1953
1994 3-5 1996
1996 1997
40
41
1996 38
178-100-013 1949 10 19
42
1996
! 9!
43
44
1949 1950
45
46
47
48
1950
49
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
43
1996 1996 1996
46
1996
47
1996
48
1997
49
178-110-032 1950
50
1996 1999 1996 1952
1951
1996 401-5
! 10!
51
19 50
52
——
53
54
……
……
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
20 1951 3 12-13 21 1951 4 26-27 25-26
1951 12 16-17 4 1952 4 28-29 5-6
1952 5-6 38-39 9 1952 9 6 21
1953 3 11
1950 4 12 8 27 1951 1
22 3 7 12 12 13 1952 6 1-
17 22-23 14 1952 7 8-12 16 1952 10
1-11 19-28 44-49 59-60
51
1996
52
53
1996
54
1997
! 11!
55
56
……
57
58
54 56 58
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
55
1996
56
1996
57
1997
58
1996 1996 1996 1999
! 12!
59
60
1950 5
6
61
62
1950
1951
1951 4
63
64
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
59
1996
60
1996
1996 1996 1997 1997
61
1994 4-5 178-107-016 1950
62
1993 54 1987
22
63
198-290 1951 88-96
64
1987
1978 1988 187 489 9
1996
! 13!
1950 10 1951 5
65
2, 000
66
1, 439
67
——
——
68
69
70
71
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
65
1993 5455 1987
22-23 1994 5-6
198-290
1951 88-96
66
1988 298 503 16 1987 22-23
1951 1949
1990 17 1997 1950
2 1950 1951
5 1951 3 11 1952 5
1994 5
1990 17 178-104-004 1950 8 T
1951 198-287 1951
67
Hinton 1997 1966
1979
1934
68
1996
69
2004
1997 1966 623-26
Moïse 1983
2001
2001 1996
70
2002
71
1997
! 14!
1950
72
1950
73
74
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
72
178-110-032 1950 2002
73
178-110-032 1950 1997 1950
221 25 25 21
226 29 26 198-37
1950 198-64 1950 192 20
198-68 1950 1950 113 7
198-70 1950 1951 198-218 1951
198-221 1951 214
24 14
198-380 1952 1952 555 178-
117-008 1952
74
1997
! 15!
75
76
77 78
79
80
81
82
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
75
1997
76
178-104-004 1950
77
1997
78
1997
79
1996
80
1996
81
178-107-016 1950
82
1950 10
1951 3
1987 22 1994 7
Lieberthal 1980 Perry 2002
! 16!
[ ]
83
84
—
—
85
, [ ] Z
86
13%
12%
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
83
1996
84
85
86
1999
! 17!
87
0.15
88
B
Z
89
90
91
92
93
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
87
1988 10 170 298 322 487 94
8% 5% 223, 900 12%
460, 000
2, 020, 000 82% 42% 7%
44.2% 34.6% 1
1.5
4 23 1988 487 94
1997
89
1999
90
2004
91
1997
92
2004 Z
1999
1999 2004
1951 B
! 18!
G
…… ……
……
94
95
1952
96
97
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1987 23
1993 55 1953 178-124-010
1953-1954 2004 1955-1956
1952
5% 30% 426
1951 480, 000 1956 406, 000 Domes 1980
10 13% 15%
93
1997
94
1999 50
1968 1956 2010
95
1999
96
1994 11 1952
178-117-008 1952
1954
10, 829
309
178-124-010 1953-1954
97
50
1999
! 19!
1950
98
99
100
101
2
1950 1953
102
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
98
178-110-032 1950 178-107-016 1950 178-104-004 1950 8
99
1996
100
1949
101
1997
102
1996 B 1980 12-13
! 20!
1951
1951
6 6
103
38
73 8
1952 36
104
105
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
103
104
1996 178-209-009 1953 178-27-025 1952
178-27-025 1952
1949
178-106-005 1949
Diamond 1975
105
394 150
21 1000
350
254
178-117-008 1952
178-117-008 1952 1952
! 21!
1952
106
4, 750
107
108
109
110
1953
111
50
——
——
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
106
178-27-05 1952
107
1950
109
178-209-009 1953 178-17-023 1951
178-27-023 1952 178-27-024 1952 178-209-036 1954
1951 16 11
194-8 1951
1955 1955
110
1953 156 2, 815
1953
111
178-209-009 1953 1996
1953
! 22!
1952 B
1993
112
B 1950
1951 3, 000
113
63 1952
114
1953
115
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
112
1993 367
113
1987 23
1952 4
1993
55
114
1993 55
115
55-56
! 23!
——
116
117
118
——
119
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
116
1996
1953 1954
1997
117
1996
118
2006
119
2006
! 24!
2006
50
80
50
1953 10
——
120
121
122
123
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
120
1953 10 16
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%B4%AD%E7%BB%9F%E9%94%80.
1981 212-14 1980 11-12
1953 40%
Oi 1989 43-65
Shue 2005 2006 2006
2000
157-69
121
1980 11 1941
2001
122
2004
2006 146 1980 11
1988 426
123
1952 5.06 6 87
! 25!
124
125
126
127
……
……
128
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
124
8 221
1952 9 25 389-91
125
1999
126
1997
127
1999
128
1997 1954
1994 13 1954
1954 1954
1955 1955
80% 90%
40%
Bernstein 1984 340-41 352-53 1953
595.1 2005 23
! 26!
1950
129
1951
130
131
1952
132
133 134
“ ”
135
1951
1949
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
129
1996
130
1987 617 1950
17 6 194-
8 1951
131
1993 367 1996
132
1996
133
178-116-009 1952 178-122-012 1953
134
1996
135
1957
! 27!
[ ]
136
137
138
1954
139
140
1953
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
136
1996
137
1996
138
1957 178-27-025 1952
1952 1962
1952
1954 1955
139
1951 6 16
140
178-27-025 1952
1952 178-209-009 1953 1953 5 1
1957 1962
! 28!
141
142
20 50
143
4 3
144
“ ”
50
1941
1, 350 1892
145
1892
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
141
178-209-009 1953
142
1996
143
1987
144
1969
1892 860-987 T 1968
1794 311-30
1969 1921 2 527-84
19
G 1970 1769 267-86 194-97 299-
306 1967 1685 1931
137-41 221-23 1969 1817 163-219 237-38
145
1969 1892 860-987 1, 375
275-77
! 29!
! 30!
……
146
1948
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
146
1996
! 31!
147
148
2006
20 30
——
149
1949
150
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
147
1996 1996
148
50
1957
149
1996 2006 2006
150
1996
! 32!
1949
151
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
151
1952
178-27-023 1952
! 33!
1
1949
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1
3.3333
2
1997
! 1!
50
! 2!
50
1950
1919
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
3
1950
2 170 1950 6 30
4
20 40
Belden 1970 275-307
5
Schwarcz 1986 2005
6
• • Kay Ann Johnson 1983 93-153
! 3!
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
2007 17
7
1997 1996 1996 1999
1950 10 29 3 7
1951 11 14
! 4!
50
1949
8
50
10
11
1949
12
1949
13
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
8
1996
9
1997
10
1996
11
1940
1998 148
12
1999 1997 1997 1997
1999 2006 1997 1999
2001 2004 2001 1945
G 4 1946-1947
180 2001 G
13
1949 11 9 1996
1997
2004 2001 2004 G
800 43 34 2001 G
1949 1998 149
! 5!
14
1951
15
1955
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
1953
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1950
178-111-026 1950 1951
700, 000 202, 509
178-117-008 1952 1939 1945
1987 50-54
1985 364-66
14
1996
1997
7 1950 1 13-14 5-6 1952 5-6
14-16 3 1953 3 12-13 17 1952
11 18 1952 12 8-14
15
1954
1996
16
1996
17
178-110-032 1950
18
178-119-007 1952
19
1996
20
178-110-008 1952
21
1996
22
178-117-008 1952
! 6!
23
24
25
26
27
1956
28
29
50
30
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
23
1996
24
1997
25
1997
26
1996
27
1997 1997 1997
2001 1996
28
1956 1 2 1956 1957 1957
1958 250, 000
178-189-010 1958
178-208-064 1958
29
1999
30
1988
! 7!
50
31
32
33
Z
34
50
35
G
36
37
38
1956
39
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
31
1996
32
1999
33
40 Holm 1991
34
1999 1999
1997
35
1949
1953 133 1996 652-53
2004
2003
36
2001
37
2004
38
2004
618 -907
50 50
18
—— 50
! 8!
G
40
41
42
50
1949
43
44
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
2007 8 13 http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-
08/13/content_6024102.htm. (2004 )
20 20
Gamble 1970 704-61 xvii
xxix
39
2004
50 2004 G
1956 G 2001
2004
40
2001
41
2001 2004
G
42
1953
1953
1954
43
14
44
1997 1974
30
2007
www.sparklingredstarmovie.com/.
! 9!
45
——
46
47
50
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
45
1999 1999
46
1999
47
1997
! 10!
1950
48
1949
49
50
51
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
48
1950 1976
383-394 www.international.ucla.edu/eas/restricted/marriage.htm.
1950 5 11 7-8 Meijer 1971 1949
1919-
1937 1996 77-80 96-106 1949
1982 54-56 155-156
192-94 1985 334-36
367-84 422-24 1969 1 22-85 197-207
1959
1951 12 11 5-6 9-17 1951 1 18 26-27
1951 10 24 9-17 1951 12 25-26 22
1952 8 15 1952 10 16
11-18 1952 12 18 1-7
49
2007 15
50
1951 1953
1953
1949
1995 219-
34 1996 774-76 1999 186-
202 2000 11-17 242-43 2000 3-4
1990 97-99
1997 3-4 44
51
2004 7
! 11!
52
53
54
55
20
40
56
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
30
24 1996 40 30 20
1999
52
198-381 1951 139-46
53
1997 1997
54
1996 1996
55
Z G G
1999
56
1996
! 12!
57
58
59
60
61
62
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
57
1987 50
1997 1997
58
1987 50
G
2001 G
59
1997 1997 1997 1996
1997 1999 1999 2001
1996 1997 2001
60
1997 2001 2001 2001
2004 2001 2004
50 60
2004
61
Mclaren 2008 2006
3-4
2000 184-87
62
1996
! 13!
63
1922 G 30
64
65
!
66
Z G
67
68
69
1950 1950 1951
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
63
1997 1996 2001 2001
2001
1988 146-47
64
2001
65
Wolf 1972 1975
66
1997 2001 2001
67
1999 2001 2001
Stafford 2000 110-26
Judd 1989
68
2001 2001 2001
69
1996
! 14!
70
71
72
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
70
1950 5 1 1950 5
5 27 5 31
6 5
6 12
6 8 26
9 20
9 27 10 21 3 12
9 19 10 7 10
——
12 26 198-185 1950 1951
11 1
9 30 1951 11
1951 10 12 5 186
26-28 1951 12 5 231 68
71
198-381 1951 139-46 Z
163, 141 85, 451 77, 690
1951
1949
72
198-71 1950 9 27 198-381 1951 139-46
198-71 1950
! 15!
1950
195
73
74
75
1950
76
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
9 27
http://www.international.ucla.edu/eas/restricted/marriage.htm
73
178-106-038 1950
1950
74
178-106-003 1950 2000 326 27
75
178-106-003 1950
198-185 1951 6 19
2000 1952
1952
76
178-5-029 1950 178-112-003
1951 1951 10 18
1951 12 10
! 16!
1951 B
77 78
79
1952
B
80
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1953 4
11
77
1996
78
1996
79
1996
80
1952 3 2, 398 23
1952
1952
1952
1953
Matthew Sommer
2005
! 17!
81
82
23
83
1953
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
81
1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14. 1952
82
39 29
1952
83
1952
3
6 22 1953
! 18!
3 8
84
4 12
1953
85
86
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
84
1994 11-12
198-338 1953 1953
1996
2004
85
178-127-004 1953
86
1996
! 19!
87
1953
88
89
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
87
178-127-004 1953
1953
198-338 1995
88
1996
1996 272
89
1997 G
2001
! 20!
90
1952
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
90
1989
118
1984 19-20
20 50 21
http://bbs.tianya.cn/post-music-147036-1.shtml.
Blake 1979
! 21!
91
92
93
94
1949
95
Z
96
97
1952
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
91
1958
http://shaanxi.cnwest.com/content/2007-01/17/content_405559.htm.
1997
1949 50
1987 111-13
92
178-117-008 1952
93
178-117-008 1952
1999 2001 12
1996
23 15, 487 4, 905
178-124-023 1953
94
2001 2001
95
1996
96
1999
97
1997
! 22!
98
99
100
20 50
101
102
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
98
99
100
1996
101
1997 1997 1999
102
1999
! 23!
T
1953
! 24!
103
!
104
2
105
50 Z 5 6
G 50
106
1954-1956
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
103
1997
104
1997 1996
B Z 1999
105
1954 73, 521 338, 322 98
73, 400 313, 251 310 38, 200 168, 200
64 2
1987 24 1954 4 1996
16 134 1953 7 1 1990 18 157
1953 10 157 1953 313, 400
1994 30 1953 7
106
1999 2001 1950 G
1996 90
! 25!
1954 14, 184 12, 570 642 353 619 4, 233 5, 485
1955 9, 075 6, 493 366 225 362 3, 113 3, 161
1956 8, 838 7, 660 533 258 387 3, 865 3, 188
1956 1 4, 776 4, 043 317 167 249 2, 074 1, 703
6
1954 98 85 7 2 4 6 14
1955
1956 1 82 54 10 4 14 51 35
6
1954 64 60 0 1 3 7 21
1955 10 13 12 0 0 1 0 5
2 12
31
1956 1 94 68 26 0 0 63 37
6
1956 1 106 72 14 9 11 70 80
6
1954 198-41 1955 198-458
1956 198-527
50
107
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
107
1997 Z
1938 1951
1945 1953
! 26!
108
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
108
1975 1953
! 27!
109
50
1949
1950
110
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
109
1997 T
110
1996 1962
1962
9-10
! 28!
111
112
1934
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
111
1996
112
178-162-072 1956 11 15 4
! 29!
1947
1951
1952
1955
50
50
! 30!
113
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
113
! 31!
114
1962 11
1963
20 60
G
60
60
1962
115
116
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
114
115
2001 2004
116
178-209-009 1953
! 32!
20 50
117
118
20 90 :
20 50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
117
5
www.inernational.ucla.edu/eas/restricted/marriage.htm.
118
1996
! 33!
50 1953
3 8
119
5
11
120
6
121
122
2
123
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
119
1957 3 7 1957
178-171-002 1957
120
1957 1 29 119
2
3 8
1957
121
198-513 1956
1996 91
122
1956
123
1955 2000
58-61 20 90
! 34!
124
125
126
127
50
20 50
50
128
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
124
2000 80 2008 11 7
125
1969 2 176-77
Cohen 2005 84-118
126
Lavely 1991
127
1999 2001
128
Judd 1998
! 35!
1954 G
1957 G
50
2
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1
2001 1953 1954
1950 11 1952 1952 8
1953
2 1954
1954 1956 1, 036
1957 217
99% 1996 16-17
2
Bossen 20 30 1990
50
! 1!
3
4
1953
5
6
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
3
1953 2-3 1951 12
1953 2
4
1993 56
1953 5-6
1953 12
Domes 1980 13
1953
5 2004
5
14 13
21 22 75 124 178-131-008 1954 5
1980 13 1955 27
1956 50
6
1953 35 1956
1976 395-532
7
1956 40 47-71
8
1953 5-6 9 13 16
1980 13
1953 19-20
9
50 2002 282 2006
! 2!
10
1953
11
1953
12
13
1954 1955
14
32
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
10
1996 2006
1996
1997
11
1987 24
12
40 Vermeer 1988 252
1957 70%
50 252-53
13
1997
14
1993 56 1994 14 1954
983 1955
21, 000 1988 304 1955 4 25
16%
1955 1997
! 3!
15
16
1949
17
1954
18
1956
19
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
15
1993 56-58
Friedman
1991 160-84
16
178-132-019 1954 5 15
17
178-131-013
1954 4 23 178-131-008 1954 5 178-132-019 1954
5 15 178-131-032 1954 12 2 1996
1956 40
……
19
1956 10-11 29 47 51
! 4!
20
1955
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
T
29
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
20
178-146-006 1956 1 15
178-150-
008 1956 2 1
21
1993 57
22
178-131-008 1954 5
23
1996
24
1996
25
26
1997
27
1997
28
1996 1996
29
1997
! 5!
30
1955
31
1955
9
32
1956
33
34
Z
35
270 840
36
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
30
1955
7 10
Domes 1980 15 8
1993 57-59
31
1977 184 211-
41 MacFarquhar 1974
32
1955
1956
1958
90% 1993 59
33
97.3% 1980 14
1955 8 15% 1956 8
92% 64%
1956 ii 1988 305 1956 24, 000
27, 000 62%
1957 6
9
306-7
34
1980 13-14 1957
156
35
2001 G 1 1955 9
1, 036 1957 217 1996
17
36
1997
! 6!
37
38
39
40
41
10,
000 10, 000 50
500
500
500
300
42
43
B 1955 1955
T 9 700
1956 1, 617
1957 7
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
37
1956 7 14
38
1996 1988 278 154
1954 1970
1965 1800 1970 3000
39
1956 31-32 1988 171 1957
43
1955 1956 6 1956 B G
B
1987 146 143 1996 97
1988 185-89
! 7!
44
Z
45 46
29 G 1957
47
48
49
50
1957
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
44
1990 141 146-7
45
1994 32 91 95
46
2004 1996 93
47
2004
2004 3
48
1999
49
1997
50
1956 1, 479 1957 1, 177
1958 1988 240
! 8!
20
52
53
1956
54
55
56
57
1956 150
100
150 200
58
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
52
1997
53
1956
1957 1988 240
1957 10%
54
1956
3 1195-231
55
1956
56
5-6
57
216-17
58
! 9!
59
60
61
1956 T
62
20 50
63
64
65
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1988 156
70
12 222-24
190 210 250
59
1957 2 502
612
60
1999
61
1956 11 178-154-083 1956 178-
162-073 1956
62
40%
10
178-137-046 1956 6 16
63
2003 53-58
2004 7-11
64
2001
65
1996
! 10!
66
67
68
69
G Z
70
71
72
1949
73
74
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
66
2001
67
1996
68
2004
69
2001
70
1999 1956 43
71
1997 2004 4
72
1997
73
1956 12 25 178-146-085
74
2001 G 1912
! 11!
75
76
Z
77
Z
78
T
79
80
81
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
2001
75
1999
76
1996 1997
77
1999
1956 80
105-9 1988 306 1956
15%
78
1999 2003 51
79
1997 1997 1997
1997
80
1997 1997
81
1999
! 12!
82
83
84
85
86
1949
87
1949 Z
88
89
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
82
G 5
9 15
2004
83
1956 32-33
84
10
85
1956 34 9
1997
1999
86
1956 29
87
2001
88
1999 1999
89
1956
178-146-85 1956 12
25
! 13!
90
91 92
1955
……
93
20 80
94
10
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
90
178-105-037 1956 6 11
91
Freedman 2002 176-78 182-83
92
1956 34
93
1957
178-162-072 1956 11 15
1956
216-17
94
1985 79-111
70 80
! 14!
95
• Margery Wolf 20 80
96
97
98
50
Z
99
100
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
95
83-84
96
2006
97
1997
98
1997 1962
1962 6
99
1999
100
1999
! 15!
T
102
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
101
1999
102
1997 1997 T
200 1997 B T
200 300 200 1996
1997 200 300
370 380
400
! 16!
103
104
105
106
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
103
1997 G
2004
104
1996 70 80
105
1997
106
1997
10 8
1997
! 17!
107
108
109
110
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
107
1957
1962 8 2 8 22
108
• Judith Butler
109
Evans 1997
110
1956
120-150 150
120-150 80 120
1957
50
2005 70
295
! 18!
T
111
112
113
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
111
1997 T 70
1988 288-89
112
1997
113
1999
1956
1956
1953
T 70
1997
2003 51
! 19!
114
115
116
Z
Z
117
118
119
120
121
50
122 123
1956 13 000
124
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
114
1997
115
1956 217-22
116
227-29
117
1999 1985
Jacka 1997
118
1997 1997
119
1956 Z 169 64, 775
3, 238.8
383 19 1957
120
1999 1999
121
1997
122
2001
123
1988 99-100 1957
1957 130, 000
1958
1988 133-34
419
124
2004
! 20!
125
126
T
50
127
1956
128
129
130
1956
131
230
132
133
50 50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
125
1996
126
1997 1955 60
127
1997
128
1957
129
1996 1997
130
1996 2005
2006
131
1996
132
1997
133
1949 834 1956 1, 479 1957
1, 177 1988 240-241 240
1946 580
1957 1, 177 1, 667
1, 105 240 242
1957 10%
60
1957 1965 256-72 285-86 30
1932 1935
! 21!
134
135
136
1955
T
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1947 7 5 1977 168
177-78 1981 227 30 90,
000 70 900, 000
1950 13-28
134
1988 275 1957
1965 70 155
135
1997
136
1999
! 22!
! 23!
……
60 70
1984 T
1997
138
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
137
• Alessandro Portelli 1991 75
138
1997
! 24!
139
140
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
139
1997 1997
140
1997
! 25!
141
142
143
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
141
1997
142
2004
143
2004 1988
411-12
1982 30
70
419-20
1957 B
G 431 G
! 26!
1947
1950
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! 1!
2
1954
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
2
1997
! 2!
3
20 50
300
6
1959 15 700 35 290
44 000
7
774 983
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
3
4
Croll 1994 183
1950 6 27 2
5
Charlotte Furth
12 1999 69-106 120-22 174-76
12
6
Banister 1987 82-83 300 1929
1931 50
Croll 1949
30% 53% 1994 182-83
7
1959 387 1959 367
Banister
! 3!
70 50
20 50
10
11
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
8
2000 173 2006
9
1997
10
1996 60 0.2
11
1997 1997 1999
! 4!
12
13
14
15
1950
16
17
18
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
12
178-106-038 1950 51 1951
13
1996
14
1949
1999 110
15
4 1987 9
15
16
1950 3-4 51
T
17
1950 4
18
! 5!
19
20
1949
21
22
23
T
24
25
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
19
5
20
1950 1951 51
2010
21
2001
22
1999 110
23
2000 173
4 5
1997
24
4 1987 9
17
25
1997 2001 2004
! 6!
26
27
8
28
29
30
1950
31
32
33
1949
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
26
2001
1996 1997 2004 2001
G 1999 177-80
2000 9-11
2000
34
1971
27
1997 191-94
1951 51 1951
28
1950 5-6
29
7
30
6-7
31
1950 1950 29-34
32
1950 7
33
2001
! 7!
34
35
1927-1937
36
37
38
1928 • Marion Yang
39
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
34
1950 1950 29-34
1950 2004 178-106-038 1950
35
1928
39
1928 768 769 769
15 250 300 1995 120
! 8!
40
1935
41
42
1937
1948
10 000
80%
43
80%
1939 1945 24
44
45
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
40
1995 134 ) 1928 24
1929 385 1936
3 174 1937 3 694 166
41
90.7%
10% 0.3%
65-68
1989 1
42
1995 59 30
2006 150-59 30
1989 72-99
1934 30 18 25
1997 190
43
1948 372.40 2
15 1943 4 973
219 253
193 901
170 22
44
10
10 2 630
1946
372.19 2 00019 00009 372.82
1948 1949
45
! 9!
46
1950 6
47
48
49
6
50
51
38% 195
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1949 137-41
46
Byungil Ahn 2005
47
1950
178-106-002 1950 1950 4 5
1950 6 27 2
48
1950 6
1950 10
1993 7-8 1950
5 1987 491
49
1950 1 2 9
50
1999 177
522 84
43% 1950 8
50%
1950 6
27 2
51
522 62% 84 43%
111 522
278 243
178-106-002 1950 522
514 314
1950 1950 29-34
! 10!
52
70 40
53
522 8
54 55
3
56
1950
57
58
59
1950
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1928 250 • 1928
769 1995 10
83
285 23.8 1951 12 1 3
1952 1700
15 20%
1952 29-30
52
1951 12 1 3
53
1950 1950 29-34
54
521 522
8 6
1950
55
1949 1950
6
56
1950 2
57
178-106-038 1950 1959 375
58
1952 29
59
Goldstein 1998 163 162 1952 10
26 1953 6 24-25
Joshua Goldstein
! 11!
60
61
1951
62
11
63
3300
64
65
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1976 131-32
60
1950
61
1998 153
1951 2 3 1951 11 5
9, 464
62
1951 12 1 3
63
51 1951
1951 11 2
045 1951
11 5
64
1952 2 1951 8 25
63-65
73 75
Miriam Gross 1953 5 1
65
51 1951
! 12!
66
10
67
1951
68
69
70
71
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
66
1949 1
67
1950 6 27 2
68
51 1951
69
1954 3-7
70
1951 8
71
18-19 1951 8 25 66-69
! 13!
72
73
1954
1953 1
74
50
1951 8
75
1952 1953
76
B
12
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
72
51 1951 1951 8 25
57
1949
73
51 1951
74
1954 1-3
75
! 14!
77
50
78
79
70
80
1954
82
83
84
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
77
1996 2006
78
1996
79
1996 1996
80
3 11 1952
230-31
81
1997
82
2001
83
1997
84
2001
! 15!
85
86
G 1958
87
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
85
1997
2002
62
1999
86
1949
14
1951 63-75
87
2001
! 16!
95
88
89
50
90
91
1949
92
93
94
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
88
89
2000 172 80
90
2004
91
1997 191-94
1951
51 1951 50
1996
92
1999
93
1999 1954
1954
5 10 1949 137-40
20 50
70 80
94
2001 1987 67
70
! 17!
1953
5% 10%
95
1963 1973 5 Z
4
96
97
98
70
99
100
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
95
1953 6 6 1998 166
96
1999
97
1999
98
1999 2004 1997
99
1999 1997
100
1997
! 18!
101
102
103
G 1934
104
105
1951
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
101
2001
102
103
1996
104
2001
105
1956 47
! 19!
106
50
107
108
180 240
109
1956
1956
95% 50% 110
111
1957
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
106
51 1951 1952
1951 85
1952 1953 13 1953
40 27
1956
107
1956
T 1.5
1997
108
2001 T 1997
G 10
8
2001 Z 20
109
1997 2001 Z 1999
T 60
110
1957 1957 40% 98%
1956 40%
50% 30% 15% 178-
164-018 1956 3 29 1957 178-175-030
1957
111
1956
1956 1957 7-12
1958
! 20!
112
1957
113
1958 8
114
2 626 524
11 6 30
1957
40
115
T
116
T
117
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
112
1957 1957 7-12 1958
1956 11
0.5 0.4
0.1 B
13, 018
570 1956 1957
1956
113
1957 1957
178-175-030 1957
178-
189-010 1958 8 18-23
114
115
178-207-067 1958 8 18-23 1958 8 31
1960 5 21
116
178-207-067 1958 8 18-23
117
1997 1997
Z 1999
1960
! 21!
1959
118
1.5
119
T 1961
120
60 70
121
T 0.5
122
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
118
178-211-005 1959
119
2001 T
1997
120
1997
121
2008 11 9 1997 1997
0.7 1
2
3 5 90 10
1995 15 20 30
1997 T 40% 400 600
90
1997
122
1996
! 22!
123
124
125
T
126
127
1958
128
129
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
123
1956 1957
1997 1999
124
1996 1956
1958
125
1957
1 2
3
1958
178-164-018 1956 3 29 178-175-030 1957 12 31
1956 8 2 1958
178-189-010 1958 3 11
126
1997 1957
178-175-030 1957 12 31
127
White 2006 Winckler 2005 2008
19-21 1994 20
128
1999
129
2000 172
! 23!
130
131
1956
132
133
134
135
1956 1958
136
137
138
G
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
130
1997
131
1996 2001 2001
132
1956 9 11
1957
133
2001 2004 1956 53
1957
134
1957
135
1957 7-12 1958 1957
136
178-189-010 1958 50
50 1956-57
1994 1996 5-7 19-41 2008
53 56-58
137
1957
138
! 24!
139
140
G
141
142
143
144
145
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
139
2001 2004
140
1996 1997 1997 1999
2001
141
2001
142
1999
143
1996
144
2001
145
1997
! 25!
146
1949
147
40
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
146
1999
147
1996 1996
! 26!
148
50
149
150
1906
Z 1949 Z
1952 2 Z 13
8 1955
151
41
1953
152
153
1954
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
148
1997 11
149
1997
150
1993 2002
151
1995
1952 1953
152
1999
153
1995 1999
! 27!
154
50 60
155
156
157
158
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
154
1955
155
1999 Ahern 1975
156
1999
157
1999 107
2002 188-95
158
1999
! 28!
160
161
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
159
160
1996 87-93 104 109-10
161
2000
20 60 Z
Erik Mueggler 2001
! 29!
50
50
162
90
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
419
162
! 30!
Z
1932
50
1995
50
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1
1999
2
3
2001
! 1!
20
1949
4
5
20
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
4
Mann 1997 143-65
176
5
!
1990
6
Schwarz 1986 107-17 Karl 2002
7
Jensen 1997
1994 2005
! 2!
20 20
20
1927
——
9
1930
……
10
11
1927
50
12
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
8
Glosser 2003
9
1975 44
10
Thompson 1990 212-13
11
Croll 1980 189
12
1954 96
! 3!
20
1949
50 1958
13
14
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1950
1950
12 7
1976 383-94 1976
395-532
13
1994
14
2006 1949
357
! 4!
15
16
17
18
19
Z
20
21
T
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
15
1950
1982
16
1994 19
17
2000 168-70
18
1996 1997 1996 1997
1996 1999 Harriet Evans
19
1997
20
1999
21
1996
! 5!
22
G
23
15
50
24
25 26
60
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
22
1987 33
T
34
Z
2001 2004 G
60 70 80
90 B
T 1996
2004 B T
G
23
2001 2001 2001 G
1971 G
1985
G 18
21 G 1991
2001 1990
351-52
24
1997 1996 1996
1999 1999 2001 2004
2001
25
1999
26
1997
! 6!
27
28
29
30
31
32
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
27
1999
28
1996
29
1999
30
1999
31
1999
32
1999
! 7!
33
34
50
35
36
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
33
1997
34
Susan Mann
2007
35
Wakefield 1998
2000 164-67 1949
1982
36
2008 11 9
! 8!
37
60
38
39
40
41
1957
42
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
37
1999
38
2001
39
1999 Cohen
2005 118-32
40
2001
1999
41
1997 90
42
178-171-002 1957 1 28
! 9!
43
44
45
50
46
G 12
48
49
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
43
1990
97-99
44
2006
45
1996 1999 1997
46
1997 2006 1999
B 60
2006 70 2006
Z 50 1999 1999
G 2001
80 2004
47
1997 2004 8
48
2001
49
2001 2004 G
2001
! 10!
50
1972 G
51
52
53
54
55
56
work work
57
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
50
1999 1997
51
G 2001 1997
52
1999
53
1999
54
2001
55
1999
56
2006
57
1997
! 11!
58
59
60
61
62
63
60
64 65
Z
66
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
58
1997
59
1997
60
1999
61
2006
62
1997
63
2006
64
1999
65
2004
66
5 4 1999
80
1999
15 10 1999 1999
! 12!
67
68
20
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
67
1999
68
1999 1999
Z 1996 B
! 13!
69
70
21 G
71
72
1953
73
1956 12
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
69
1999
70
2006
2006
2006 Z 1999
71
2001
2006 G
G
2004
72
2001
73
9 1953 9 10
! 14!
74
75
76
77
50
78
79
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
74
178-146-085 1956 12 12 8
75
1958 3
76
2006
77
25 126
80 4 44 26
1952 6 18
78
1949
28
1949 164-71
79
1996
1956 3-4
22 1951 5 26
9 1953 9
11 11 1954 11 15 1956 8 12
3
! 15!
80
81
82
83
84
85
1956
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
80
178-112-016 1951 9 25 178-119-012 1952 6
13 1952 6 18-22 16 1952 10
37-43
81
1957 1952 7-8 1952
220 8, 837 14, 890 43, 971
16 1952 10 37 1953
17 520 1, 906
1996 275
82
1952 15-16
83
1996
84
1999
85
1996 1997
1956
178-137-046 1956 6 16
! 16!
11 000
86
955
70%
87
88
89
70 Z
90
1976 T
91
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
86
178-164-018 1956 3 29
87
1956 1956 B
150 1958 6
178-156-032 1956
88
16 1952 10 43 2006
1997 1999 2001
89
2006
90
1999
91
1997
! 17!
92
93
1938 G
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
92
2008
93
! 18!
94
21
50
20
60 60
12
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
94
2004
! 19!
1954
1958
95
1958 1960
1950
1953
96
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
95
1996
96
1999
! 20!
1958
98
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
97
1999
98
1996 1997 1961
! 21!
99
50
7
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
99
1996
! 22!
1949
100
50
101
50
60
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
100
1993 1997 24-27
•
101
Honig
! 23!
1997 90
102
103
104
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
102
1997
103
!
1942 11
15 16
104
1997
! 24!
50
105
50
106
70 B
107
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
105
1996
106
1997
107
! 25!
108
1963 5 12
14
109
60
110
1971
111 112
1979 50
60
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
108
! 1999 !
109
1996
1963
110
2005
111
70 2006 42-
61 2008 53 58-61 T 1972 1973
1997 1970 Z
1999
112
1997 • Judith Banister 1987
51 1966 1969
60 70
! 26!
113
114
80 90
80
115
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
113
2006
2008
317
1977 1982
114
Passerini 1987 182
1956 60
115
1997
! 27!
116
70 80
50
117
1979
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
116
1997
117
1997
! 28!
50
50 60
50
1
90 21
2
1962
3
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1
! 1!
4
5
1951 1957
50
50
30 40
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
504-9 1999 3-6
1992 14 1952 9 1
2001 87-88 90 98-100 106 109 116-18
123-26 136-37 139 1992 154 528
4
50
! 2!
7 8
1950
1950 12
9
1954
10
50
11
50
50
50
50 60
12
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
7
194-8 1950 1951
Stranahan 1983 1983
8
Selden 1995 212-13
9
1951 12
194-8
1952
14 1952 7 12-15
10
178-130-030 1954 9 22
11
Raphals 1998
12
1949
1962
! 3!
13
1951
14
1951
15
16
17
1952
18
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
13
2002 509
14
194-8 1950 1951
15
16
1996
17
18
178-116-009 1952
! 4!
50 4 10
30
19 20
1952
1949
21
1949 26 , ,
1954 52
22
23
50
24
25
26
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
19
Vermeer 1988 324-25
12% 15%
359
324-82
20
346-47 1957 317, 000 110, 000
1973 1982 50
1969 20-B 20-C
1996 420
21
2006 595 1949
Nichols 1902 248-49 1955 15-16
1949 80%
1953
90% 1955
22
178-216-002 1960 1 17 1
23
1988 347 1954
352 1955 9
1955
1955
50
352-54
1957
355
24
2006
1902 129
25
2005 2006 608
26
! 5!
52
27
52
1954 4
28
1955
29
1, 250
30
31
1908
1949
1949
50
32
1956 1957
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
2008 11
10
27
1996
28
1996 1988 358
70
29
178-216-002 1960 1 17 1
55 1955
1955 1956 700
1955 1, 225 1956 1, 104 1957 940
1958 3 20 1958 60
1, 225 1, 102 874.5
30
1996
31
1996
32
1996
! 6!
33
34
35
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
33
1993 387 1987
617
34
1996
35
36
1996 1996 1963
1963 4 10 1
! 7!
38
39
1956 4
40
41
1956
42
1961
43
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
37
1996
2006 601
38
1958 3 20
39
1996
40
1996 2006 596-
97 1956 4 19 20 21 22
1956 154-039
41
1996
42
1958 60 1957
43
194-748 1961 7 13 47-49
! 8!
2005 50
44
45
46
47
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
44
2005 2006
45
178-27-026 1952
50
46
178-209-036 1954
178-27-026 1952
47
1996
! 9!
48
49
1956
50
80
1956 4
674
140
51
52
B
53
54
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
48
1957
1956
49
1952 1952 11-
13
50
2005 2006
2006 597
51
1996 1958
17, 665
2006 597 604
52
2006 599 1956
4 29 5 12 1958 3 8
53
1996
54
1997
! 10!
55
1958 27
3, 889
56
57
58
59
60
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
55
1965
1965
1965 2 7
56
2, 078
1955 1, 219
1957 1958
2, 000 1958
59-62 50 1988
358-59
57
2005 2006 1996 1996
58
1956 224
59
2006 602-3
604
60
178-27-012 1958 3
! 11!
61
62
63
60
64
90%
65
7 8
66
1951
67
68
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
61
1996 1996
62
1997
63
178-216-002 1960 1 17 2 8
64
178-45-006 1961 7 31
65
178-216-002 1960 3
66
1997
67
194-8 1950 1951
68
178-185-057 1958 12 1957
1959 1 3, 100
10, 000
1, 002.7 1, 440.3
! 12!
1959 3
7, 500
69
1959
70
71
1960
1951
72 73
1956
1953
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1959 1 5
1959 3 31
69
1959 3 23 4 6 1959 4 5
1959 3 18
70
1959 11 12
71
178-216-002 1960 1 17 8
72
194-8 1951 10 30 26-27
73
! 13!
74
1956
1955
1954 15
300
75
76
1956
77
1956
78
79
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
74
178-83-043 1956
75
194-534 1956 3-4 81-85
178-161-074 1956 11
76
77
178-78-062 1956 8 29 9 30
78
1956 33-40 1958
1958
1958
79
1958 3 20
194-519 1959 12 1960 5 15 4
! 14!
1958
80
3 101
8
81
3
82
5, 386 51 7 4
83
84
85
1959
86
87
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1962 11 15 1963 4 10 1958
1963
1964 6 26
80
1958 3 20
1996
250
83
178-216-002 1960 1 17 2
1959 4 5
MacFarquhar 1983
84
1962 178-313-001
85
G 2001
40
50 2004 B
120 2006 1958
178-189-010
1958 3 11
86
1959 , 1959
1958 8 11
1959 3 6 7
87
1958 6-7 1958 6 27
1959 9 22 6 2003 276
! 15!
88
89
90
91
4
50
92
1959
93
1959
1959
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1958 1959 1958
178-198-040 1958
88
282 1, 000
4.3 3, 000 1958
8 2
89
1959 6 23
90
194-673 1960 2 9 6-13
! 16!
94
95
96
97
98
99
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
94
194-673 1960 2 6 6-13
2001 4
95
1959 9 2
96
1960 1959 1, 688.5
1, 815.2 40 400
1, 265
1960 ( 1960
4 24 )
97
1, 150 100
92, 000 206 40.7 3000
35 40, 250
90 178-45-006 1961 7 31
98
178-45-006 1961 7 31 178-216-002
1960 1 17 9 1960 4 2 1
17
! 17!
1961 3
100
101
1961
1958
15%
102
1960
103
1961
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
99
1960 1959
! 18!
104
1962
13
105
106
1964
1959 1960
1963
107
108
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
104
1988 348 1953 70
6.25
105
1962 1962 1 25 1-2
178-313-009 1962 6 4
1962 3 7 2
106
! 1962 3 7 3
1963 3 6 1964 4 25 3 6
1963
1963 2 27
3 19 4 10 5 31 7 29 1964
1964 4 4 !
107
1964 4 25 1
1963 3 6 3 2002 510 !
108
2002 510 !
! 19!
109
110
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
109
1988 371-75 60 70
374
80
379
110
25
22% 1996 2006 600
! 20!
111
112
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
111
1996 !
112
2006
! 21!
113
114
60
115
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
113
1996 1993
1993
Harriet Evans
114
1996
115
! 22!
2008
12 1996
116
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
116
! 23!
117
118
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
117
2000
118
• Ann Stoler • Karen Strassler 2002
Stoler Strassler
20 90
176
(
175 )
119
43
! 24!
120
121
1953 3
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1944
1967 177
120
1996
121
! 25!
122
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
122
8 4
1999 3
1997
! 26!
50
50 50
50
! 27!
1958
5
1
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1
Chan 2001 54-60
1955 1962 Teiwes Sun
1999 xv-xxvii
1957 15 1958
1962 [MacFarquhar]
1983 17 90 15 20
7 8 2000 75 6 1
1994
26
2
• Kimberley Manning
2005 87
2006 350-51
2005 85 90
! 1!
1959 1961
1949 1963
20 80
20 50
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
3
Banister 1987 59
2001
! 2!
1958 3
4
1958 5
5
8
6
7
1958 4, 200
8
280
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1958
1999 13
2001
1999 19
2000
73
111
2001 280
Becker 1996
1996
Thaxton 2008
1989 164-
203
1994
Pickowicz 1994 2007
4
Schoenhals 1987 26-27 2001
1957
26
5
2001 54-60 7 15 17
55
6
1987 74
7
! 3!
9
10
11
12
13
1958 10
14
1958
15
16
1958 10
17
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
9
18 1959 1961
10 82 844
4, 512 1987 65
10
1993 20-21 61 368
11
1996 1958
14 24-26 31-32 44-45 51-52 55 57 68 1958 48 1959
27
12
1997 1999
Z 60
70 1990
130-31 134
13
1956 4 1
14
1983 113-16
15
1997 1999 2001
16
1996
1996 • 2009
4 2
17
178-197-037 1958 10 20 4 12-14
! 4!
T
24
! 5!
19
20
21
22
23
1956 1962 B
24
T
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
18
1997
19
1996
20
2005 96
21
2006
22
2006
” ”
1949 60
20 90
23
178 186-043 1958 Friedman 2006 43-44
24
2006
! 6!
25
G
26
Z
70
27
28
29
20 50 90
30
31
32
1960
80 B
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
25
1997 1997 1997
26
2004 2004
27
1999 1999 1999 1999
Z 1953 Z
1954 20 70
1990 58-62 75-78
1958 61 1959 1963
71 76
28
1999
29
1999
30
2006
31
1997
32
1996
25%
15% 178-189-010 1958 3 11
! 7!
33
B
20
34
1958 B
35
36
37
B
38
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
33
20 50
5
1959
12 1963 11
Huang 2002
147, 000
Vermeer 1981 23-24 1996 239-41
1999 2010
Lee 2010
1996 1999 2001
34
1996 2006 1964
35
2006
1996
36
1996
37
2006
38
1996 1997
2006 1999
! 8!
39
40
41
42
43 44
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
39
1996 1996 2006
40
1997
41
1958
178-189-010 1958 [3 11 ]
1994 24-25 178-196-013 1958
3 28
42
2006
50
43
1996
44
178-197-037 1958 10 20 7
1958 10 13
1958
1959
1996 1996 2006 .
! 9!
45
130
46
47
48
Z
49
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
45
1958
1958 8
178-189-010 1958 3 11
178-195-001 1958 1958 178-207-
067 1958 8 18-23
46
178-189-010 1958 3 11
47
178-197-037 1958 10 20 5-6
1960
48
1999
49
1999
50
1999 133
! 10!
T
51
1959
150 12, 000
52
53
54
1958
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
51
1997
52
178-211-005 1959
53
2004 1996
54
2000 89
90-93 1996
! 11!
55
56
57
1958
58
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1958 2001
65-66 137-138 1999 175 148
55
[Bernstein]1984 351 1958
1958 12 1957
1959 1959
1958 1957
1959
56
1999
57
1984 341-42 1959
1951
1958
368-70 352-55 345
2006
58
2006
! 12!
59
60
61
62
1958 10
63
1958 7
7 9 9
64
28
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
59
2006
60
1996
61
1960
62
1958 7 7
8 1958
8 11 1960 3 1
63
178-198-040 1958 10 8
64
178-186-043 1958
! 13!
1958 5
716
65
100%
55
12
66
1958
67
68
G
69
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
65
178-189-010 1958 3 11 1958
228 1, 043 5 36
68 145 5 1958
66
178-189-010 1958 3 11 1958
67
178-207-067 1958 8 18-23
68
2006 1961 4%
140, 000 5% 175, 000
! 14!
70
71
72
1959
,
73
74
75
300
60% 30%
7, 631
36, 294 651, 330
76
77
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
70
1999
71
178-244-015 1960 3 2
72
1996 1997
4 1 5
73
178-211-005 1959
74
! 15!
78
1958
……
……
79
……
80 81
82
T
83
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
78
1999
79
178-189-048 1958 12 2 1959
81
1996 275
82
2003 51-52 2004 5-6
83
1997
! 16!
84
G
85
86
87
88
1961
30%
89
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
84
1997
85
2004
86
• 2009 4 2
1998 103-9
20 90
104
104-5
87
1999
88
1997
89
178-282-010 1961 3 12
! 17!
1958
90
Z
91
Z
92
93
B
94
95
G
96
Z
97
G
98
99
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
90
1958 10 80%
1958 10 25 1987 100
2001 1958 11
1958 11 12
1958 11 22 1959 11 8 12 30 1961 2 5
91
1999
92
1999 1999 Z G
2001
2004
93
1996 1999 1958
94
1996 Z
1999
95
1996
96
2001 T
1997
97
1999
98
2001 1999
99
2004
! 18!
B
100
101
102
103
104
105
T
106
T
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
100
1996
101
1999
102
103
2006
104
1996
105
1999 Z 2004 G
106
1997
! 19!
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
107
1997
108
2006
109
1997 T 2001 G
1997 T
110
2001
111
1997
112
2001 2004
113
1999
114
1999
! 20!
115
116
117
118
1959
119
1958
1959
120
1959
1960 1957 26.4% 1960 1961
121
122
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
115
1996
116
1997
117
1996
118
1997
! 21!
123
124
125
1959 1961
1958
126
1957
1959 10%
D. Gale Johnson
127
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
123
2005 26-27 2008
1960-1961 1998
106-7
124
1958 198-686 1958
269-72 1961 6 7 T 21
T
1
220, 000
700, 000 800, 000 198-768
1961 7 11 164-66 1961 1962 B
2006
125
2005 26-27 Johnson 1998
Dikötter 2010
126
1998 103-4 1987 153
4 2
127
1998 103-4 1998 115 1998
2000
! 22!
1959
1959 7
128
1961
129
130
131
132
133
B
134
135
136
137
138
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1997 1998
1998
128
1998 115 119
129
2008 127 200-207 1958
1960 60% 21%
20%
2000 93-94
2003
130
1996
131
1997 1996
132
2006
133
1996
134
1996
135
1999 2006 1996 B
2006
136
1999
137
1996
138
1999 2001
! 23!
139
Z
141
142
15
143
144
1959
145
1960 11
146
G
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
139
1999
140
141
1999
142
2004 1996 B
20
16 T 1997
12 1962 163 216.2
121.2 166.2
17 6
6.75 15
198-768 1961
3 27 77
! 24!
147
148
149
150
151
G
152 153
Z
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
147
2004
148
2001
149
1996
150
1997
151
1999
152
2004
153
1999
! 25!
154
1958
155
1964
156
60
157
158
T
159
160
161
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
154
1997
155
1999
156
1997
157
1960 1961
198-768 1961 3 27 73-74
158
1999 1999 1999
Z 1920
B 2006 1996
1962 1963 1996 1958
T 1997 1958
1960 1997 1960
! 26!
162
1949 1960 45‰
163
• Judith Banister 1958 1961
164
3, 000
165
1958 1962
21 18 187, 000
1% 101
T Z
166
3.6% Z
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
162
2004 1957 6.405 1958
5.679 4.303 4.015 3.287 1962 6.023
1963 7.502 1957 43‰ 1961 22‰
1987 230 233-34 1998 112-13
1982 1959 1961
1957 132.4‰ 1960
284‰ 1987 116
1958 146.3 1959 159.9 1960
284 1961 183.4 Greenhalgh 1990 202
1959
1993
9
163
1987 118
164
2005 14 1959 1961
3250 1998 113-14
1500 1650 2300 4300
2010 x
4500
165
1998 117 120 1958
347%
273%
7.5 1996
2005
476-90
166
2005 21 25
1961
1960 57% 198-
768 1961 3 27 73
19
1958
710
52% 1959 1961 1% 1929 1930
300
1959 1961
! 27!
72
167
G
168
Z B
169
170
171
172
20 50
173
174
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
167
1999
198-735 1960 11 26
12 22 2005 85-86
168
2004 2004
169
1996
198-768 1961 3 27 81-82
1960 1963
287 198-732 1960 2 13
10 8 198-821 1961 1963
170
1996 272
198-31 1962 12 30 96 1961-1962
1961 1
198-768 1961
1 28 5-6
198-768 1961 3 27
79
171
2006
172
1963
198-31 1963 1 8
173
1997
174
1996
! 28!
175
T
176
G
177
178
1949
179
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
175
176
1997
177
2001
178
2001
179
2006 2006 2001
! 29!
180
B
181
Z
182
1949
183
1962
Z
184
185
1963
186
0.5
0.2
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
180
1999
181
2006 2008 157-98
200-207 128
8.7% 215
253-62
292-324
182
1999
183
Z
1990 82 1997 1 71
184
1999
185
1999 1999
186
2004 1987 60 1998 106
! 30!
Z
15 20
187
20
20 50
Z
188
Z B T
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
187
1999
188
Lisa Yoneyam 1994
! 31!
1959 1960
1980
1971
189
• Madeleine L’Engle
Z
60
190
60
Z Z
191
Z Z
Z 60
192
12 80
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
189
L’Engle 1975 1962
190
1996 73
80-81 1964
60 82-
97 1997
191
1999 1999 1999
1999 70 80
192
1967 1977 1984 80
! 32!
50
Z
20
60 70 70
80
50
193
194
G
1949 1949
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
193
• Luisa Passerini
1919-1921 1943-1945
194
G 20
60 80 2001
60 60
! 33!
G
70 1949
195
196
1949
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
195
2001
Erik
Mueggler 2001 2007
• Steve Smith 2006
1962 1965
196
Felman Laub 1992
57 ”
20
Weigelin-Schwiedrzik 2003 2005 2 14 1
Wemheuer
2009 1933
! 34!
1960
197
50
198
199
70
20 70
200
20 80
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
197
19
20 Walker 1993 1999 192-93
1949
198
2007 76
2003 51
199
Andors 1983
200
1996
! 35!
201
202
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
201
! 2001 293
2009 4 2
1999
Day 2007
2000 141-271
202
Kenneth Pomeranz
! 36!
1
2000
2
2006 2008 2004 G
20 50
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1
1997
2
! 1!
80
1982
3
50
20 50 80
1949
50
60
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
3
Kelliher 1992 Jacka
1997 2000 2000 1999 2003
2005 2006 2006
4
1982
! 2!
50
5
1949
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
5
50 2001
! 3!
20 50
50 80
50 80
B 40
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
6
1999
7
1996
! 4!
8
50
50
70
60 70
1996
10
11
12
13
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
8
9
2003 180
10
1996 168 Amin 1995 118
1922
11
1996 318-23
12
2006
13
1996
! 5!
50
14
50 1966
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
14
1997
! 6!
! 7!
15
17
50
18
19
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
15
1997
16
17
1997
18
19
60
1999
1999
! 8!
20
21
80
50
22
20 50
23
24
25
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
20
1997
21
O’Brien 2006
22
2003
23
1999 Z 16 4, 231 17, 000
6, 783
2, 800
Z 1999
24
Glosser
25
2003
! 9!
OK
26
27
B
28
29
30
31
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
26
1999 2007
27
1997
28
1996
29
1996
30
Stafford 2000 110-26 2003 178-82
31
1997
! 10!
32
33
34
35
80
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
32
1997
33
1997
34
1997
35
1999
! 11!
36
37
1997
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
36
1999
37
1999
! 12!
1964
1984
1997
! 13!
38
1996
39
2006 80
40
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
38
1997
39
1996 1997
40
1996
! 14!
41
50
80 1982
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
41
Z 5
1999 1999
G 9
9
1 9 9 2 3
4
2001 2003
162-89 2008 2007 Whyte
2009
2007 2007
! 15!
1949
! 16!
80
42
43
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
42
1999
43
34 35
http://www.china.org.cn/english/government/207405.htm
! 17!
44
45
50
50
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
44
1999
45
Brauw Rozelle 2004
! 18!
20
46
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
46
2004 2007
! 19!
47
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
47
• 1989 3
Feuchtwang 2000 65
Bertaux Thompson 1993
! 20!
1996 8
B 96 8 6
B 96 8 2 4
B 96 8 4
96 8 9
B 96 8 8
B 96 8 5
B 96 8 7
B 96 8 5
96 8 14
96 8 15
96 8 12
96 8 13
1997 6
97 6 28
29
97 6 29
1997 7
97 7 2
97 7 3
Z 97 7 6
Z 97 7 7
Z 97 7 7
Z 97 7 5
Z 97 7 5
Z 97 7 5
Z 97 7 6
Z 97 7 6
Z 97 7 4 7
Z 97 7 4
Z 97 7 4
Z 97 7 5
Z 97 7 4
Z 97 7 6
1999 7 8
Z 99 7 28
1
Z 99 7 27
Z 99 7 30
Z 99 8 2
Z 99 8 3
Z 99 7 28
Z 99 8 1
Z 99 7 27
Z 99 7 27
Z 99 7 31
Z 99 7 29
Z 99 8 1
Z 99 7 30
Z 99 7 26
29
Z 99 7 31
Z 99 7 26
Z 99 8 1
Z 99 7 28
31
Z 99 7 26
Z 99 7 31
2001 3
G 01 3 25
G 01 3 26
G 01 3 26
G 01 3 31
G 01 3 25
G 01 3 31
G 01 3 29
G 01 3 29
G 01 3 27
G 01 3 29
G 01 3 24
G 01 3 24
G 01 3 28
G 01 3 28
G 01 3 27
2004 6
G 04 6 27
G 04 6 27
2
G 04 6 27
G 04 6 28
G 04 6 28
G 04 6 28
G 04 6 28
G 04 6 28
G 04 6 29
G 04 6 29
G 04 6 29
G 04 6 30
2006 8 9
B 06 8 29
B 06 8 29
B 06 8 29
B 06 8 30
B 06 8 30
B 06 8 30
B 06 8 30
B 06 8 31
B 06 8 31
B 06 8 31
B 06 8 30
2006 9
06 9 1