FINAL YEAR PROJECT 1 (FYP 1) - CGE681

RESEARCH PROJECT 1 (RP1) - CHE 687

PENGAJIAN KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA

[PKK/Rev.3/Oct.2021]

RESEARCH FRAMEWORK FORM

Student Name : Maizatul Shamira Azni Binti Mohamad Kasmari

Student ID : 2019482266
Supervisor Name : Dr. Siti Nurul’ Ain
Co-Supervisor Name : -
Collaborator (if any :-
Project Title :
Solute-Solvent interaction of Paracetamol (Form II) and Dipolar Aprotic Solvents using Molecular
Modelling Technique

Research Overview and Problem Statement:

Paracetamol (acetaminophen C8H9NO2), a molecular organic compound is a well-known active
pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in analgesic and antipyretic therapy. It is also used as an
intermediate in the manufacture of azo dyes and photographic chemicals. Crystal morphology
highly depends on the method of crystallization, nature of solvents, solutes and ions, temperature,
pressure and cooling rate. Crystallization of paracetamol can be seen by reacts them with a dipolar
aprotic solvent. Dipolar aprotic solvent is a
solvent with characteristically high polarity and low reactivity, that is, a solvent having a sizable per
manent dipole moment that cannot donate labile hydrogen atoms to form strong hydrogen bonds.
Different solvents having different chemical nature and polarity yielded paracetamol crystals with
different habits. So, the use of solvent during crystallization profoundly affects the crystal habit of
the purified drug, leading to the variation in raw material characeristics such as flowability,
compaction, chemical stability, dissolution and packing. The amount of drug dissolved with time
depends on the size and number of crystal faces exposed to the dissolution medium. Therefore,
habit modification seems to provide an alternative means of modifying dissolution behaviour of
drugs and acts as an important variable in pharmaceutical manufacturing for designing the drugs
with desired characteristics. This led to an increasing interest to study the influence of solvents on
the nucleation and growth of paracetamol single crystals . For paracetamol, crystallized from
solvents plays an enormous role in determining the crystal habit. The habit change of monoclinic
paracetamol crystallized such as change in solubility, pH and nucleation time. The significant
differences on the growth rate of various crystal habit faces of the monoclinic paracetamol grown
from different solvents are attributed in context with the solubility of the solute, solvent polarity,
evaporation number of the solvent, rate of generation of supersaturation and the role of hydrogen
bonding interaction between the solvent molecules and protruding solute molecules on the crystal
surface.
 FINAL YEAR PROJECT 1 (FYP 1) - CGE681
RESEARCH PROJECT 1 (RP1) - CHE 687
PENGAJIAN KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA

[PKK/Rev.3/Oct.2021]

Objectives (Please provide only two objectives):

 To determine the role of solvent on the nucleation and growth of monoclinic paracetamol
single crystals
 To determine the role of solute-solvent interaction on the crystal faces of the grown
monoclinic paracetamol

Scope of Research


Tools/equipment required (Available at Faculty):

-

Special requirements (e.g. use of equipment from other faculty/other institutions):

-_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Chemicals/ Materials required:
-

Research Cluster (e.g. drilling, production, reservoir engineering, geology, polymer or etc.):
Crystallization

Evaluated/Approved by Supervisor

Name : ____________________________________

Signature : ____________________________________
& Stamp

Date : ____________________________________