ISCED OPEN UNIVERSITY

COURSE: AGRIBUSINESS, BLOCK 2

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND AGRICULTURE

SUBJECT:INGLES

TITLE: AGRBUSINESS INFLUNCES FOOD SECURITY IN MOZAMBIQUE

Student's Name:Lurdes Maconha

Beira 21th,may 2023

 SUPERIOR INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES AND DISTANCE EDUCATION

COURSE: AGRIBUSINESS, BLOCK 2

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND AGRICULTURE

SUBJECT:INGLES

TITLE: AGRBUSINESS INFLUNCES FOOD SECURITY IN MOZAMBIQUE

Tutor:Casimiro Massunguine

Beira,21th,may 2023

CONTECTS
Introduction................................................................................................................................

Sumary.......................................................................................................................................

Key concepts from diferrents perspectives...........................................................................

Critical look at the concepts.......................................................................................................

Metodology chosen and used to prepare the work...............................................................

Conclusions................................................................................................................................

Bibliography.............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION

Sub-Saharan Africa being the poorest region in the world deeply needs a considerable
transformation of its agricultural sector so as to induce a mitigation in food security
problems. Agriculture can bring growth in early development stages and also in poverty
reduction. The failure of these targets has produced a long term and high levels of poverty
in this region. Developing.
countries have been sustaining a small amount rich people instead of a general sustainable
wealth for the majority of its inhabitants. For most of African countries, the agrarian
sector provides a large share of GDP but its productivity is
far behind that of other continents.

KEY CONCEPTS FROM DIFERRENTS PERSPECTIVES

 Mozambique has experienced strong economic growth over the last two decades,
with significant expansion of tertiary services and light industry and, to a lesser
extent, commercial agriculture. this has been driven in part by significant foreign
direct investment, particularly for minerals and natural resource-related projects, as
well as for large scale agricultural investments in vegetable oils, biofuels, tobacco,
 and cotton.
 The agriculture sector is a mainstay of the country’s economy, accounting for
approximately 79% of total employment and contributing an annual average of
18% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) [3]. The sector also plays an essential
role for women’s livelihoods, as 90% of the economically active female population
earn a living from agriculture. Moreover, women constitute 61% of the agricultural
labour force.

 The agriculture sector in Mozambique has high potential to contribute to poverty

reduction and food insecurity alleviation. However, this has been significantly
impaired by the absence of an agenda focused on equity in agricultural
development and economic growth, as well as by the impact of climate hazards,
bring about annual losses of US$ 790 million.

 Mozambique ranks among the most susceptible and vulnerable countries in the
world to weather variability, climate hazards such as droughts, floods and cyclones,
and climate change. To cope with these threats, farmers have been taking up
various low-input and cost-effective CSA measures, such as: small livestock
rearing, crop residue management/mulching.

 Despite efforts to mainstream climate change into the development agenda,

mitigation actions remain highly embedded within the forestry sector. Since
farming is an important contributor to the country’s GHG emission and given the
mitigation opportunities that many CSA practices and technologies bring
(intercropping, mulching, direct seeding and manure/livestock waste management),
there is a need to systematically integrate mitigation into agricultural development
policy and programming, along

CRITICAL LOOK AT THE CONCEPTS

Mozambique is among the most vulnerable and least prepared countries with regard
to natural disasters, ranking 153 out of 178 nations on the Global Adaptation Index
with a score of 38.67 .The country’s vulnerability is driven by an array of
biophysical, climatic, and socioeconomic factors.
Limited mechanization and the use of traditional tools for agriculture also hinder
 production and productivity. The majority of farmers still use hand hoes or ox-
drawn implements in their daily farm activities.
Utilization of fertilizer, pesticides, improved varieties and other purchased inputs is
low.mainly owing to the high costs and low availability of inputs on local markets,
as well as to lack of knowledge on their use and benefits. Fertilizer, pesticide use,
and irrigation are concentrated in the central and south regions.Almost 90% of the
fertilizer is used for sugarcane production
Well-developed input and output markets are lacking, mostly owing to the poor
road network. Around 20% (the equivalent of 6000 kilometres) of the country’s
national roads are paved.The poor roads hinder market access and increase
agricultural transport costs.

METODOLOGY CHOSEN AND USED TO PREPARE THE WORK

The Strategic Plan for the Development of the Agriculture Sector (PEDSA) aims at
improving the competitiveness of the agriculture sector through, among others, improved
use and management of natural resources (land, water and forests), and enhanced food
security and productivity. Anecdotal evidence indicates that the use of purchased inputs
and agricultural productivity in general have improved since the elaboration of the Plan in
2010. The National Agriculture Investment Plan (PNISA) of 2014 was meant to
operationalize PEDSA and re-emphasizes the goal of increasing productivity of major food
crops, reducing by half the people affected by hunger and reducing malnutrition. One
component of the PNISA is on natural resource management, a key entry point for the
implementation and scale out of CSA practices.

CONTENTS

Currently, most households across the country face Minimal outcomes, with access to their
food reserves, the ongoing green harvest, and market purchases to meet their food and non-
food needs. However, area-level Stressed, outcomes are present in parts of the southern
zone following a second consecutive year of poor production, along with the impact of
heavy rainfall and flooding since February 2023. The most affected areas will likely
deteriorate to Crisis from June due to damage from the climatic shocks, a poor 2023 main
harvest, and limited access to income. In Cabo Delgado, Stressed! Outcomes prevail in
areas accessible to humanitarian partners, where food assistance is expected, with
inaccessible areas continuing to face Crisis outcomes.

According to the National Institute for Disaster Risk Management and Reduction heavy
rainfall and flooding have affected nearly 166,600 people as of March 3, 2023, primarily in
Inhambane province, Maputo city, Sofala province, and Gaza province. Preliminary
findings indicate that more than 12,700 homes have been flooded, with around 15,600
houses totally or partially destroyed. Approximately 38,100 hectares of agricultural land
have been affected, particularly in low-lying areas. Widespread damage to public
infrastructure and services has also been reported, including around 400 schools and 685
kilometres of road. few nets will continue to monitor and assess the impact of the heavy
rainfall on the upcoming harvest and any impacts on household acute food insecurity.

A food security assessment by few net in cyclone Gombe-affected areas of Nampula

Province concluded that households likely face Stressed outcomes following a good
cassava harvest in October/November. The cassava group was reportedly not seriously
affected by cyclone Gombe as it was in the initial growth stage and was able to recover.
Additionally, a large cashew nut harvest, increased sales, and post-flood and second season
production of vegetables and sweet potatoes improved household food access, allowing
households to meet their food needs.

From December 2022 to January 2023, maize grain prices remained stable in most
monitored markets. Compared to 2022 and the five-year average, maize grain prices in
January 2023 had a mixed trend. As typical, maize meal and rice prices were relatively
stable from December 2022 to January 2023 in all monitored markets and compared to
their respective prices in 2022 and the five-year average. The annual inflation rate in
Mozambique eased for the fifth straight month to 9.78 percent in January 2023 from 10.91
percent in the previous month. It is the lowest rate since May 2022, mainly due to a decline
in the price inflation of transportation, restaurants & hotels, and furnishings & household
equipment. However, prices climbed further for food & non-alcoholic beverages, housing
& utilities, education, and miscellaneous goods and services.
 CONCLUSIONS

A medium to long term strategy providing sustainable increase in agricultural growth and
rural incomes in sub-Saharan Africa enhancing agricultural income so as to
accomplish the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goal (MDG) on reducing
poverty and hunger in Africa has not yet been achieved. The approach focusing the
increase of smallholders’ agricultural productivity and their access to trade and markets,
efficient extension services and promoting small farmers associations in Mozambique
should be considered as a major aim. Success in these main agriculture policy goals
will not only up-grade economic growth in the country, but will have spill-over effects
within the immediate region. This implies a multi-sectorial continuous approach as a
guide-line to reduce hunger and poverty levels, under the Government leadership,
responsibility and strong commitment
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