FACTORES DE CONVERSION

LONGITUD

1 micrón = 1micrometro (m) 1 m =3,281 ft

103 micrones = 1 mm 1 m = 39,37 in
1 cm = 10 mm 1 yd (yarda) = 0,9144 m
1 m = 100 cm 1 milla = 5280 ft
1 m = 1000 mm 1 milla terrestre = 1,609 Km
1 Km = 1000 m 1 milla náutica = 1,152 millas terrestres
105 cm = 1 Km 1 Å (Armstrong) = 10-10 m
1 in = 1 pulgada = 1" 1 Å (Armstrong) = 10-4 m
1 in =2,54 cm 1 nm (nanometro) = 10-9 m
1 ft = 12 in
1 ft = 30,48 cm

AREA

104 cm2 = 1 m2 6,45 cm2 = 1 in2

106 mm2 = 1 m2 43560 ft2 = 1 acre
106 m2 = 1 Km2 640 acres = 1 milla2
144 in2 = 1 ft2 2,59 Km2 = 1 milla2
1550 in2 = 1 m2 1 acre = 0,40469 Há
0,155 in2 = 1 cm² 1 Há = 10000 m2
10,76 ft2 = 1 m2
929 cm2 = 1 ft2

VOLUMEN

103 L = 1 m3 1728 in3 = 1 ft3

106 cm3 = 1 m3 35,29 ft3 = 1 m3
103 ml = 1 L 2,832 x 104 cm3 = 1 ft3
103 cm3 = 1 L 3,785 L = 1 gal (US gallon)
103 cm3 = 1 dm3 231 in3 = 1 gal
28,32 L = 1 ft3 7,481 gal = 1 ft3
16,39 cm3 = 1 in3 42 gal = 1 barril
61,025 in3 = 1 L 1,2 gal (US gallon) = 1 gal inglés
MASA
1000 g = 1 Kg
1000 Kg = 1 Ton métrica
453,59 g = 1 lb
453,59 gmol = 1 lbmol
2,2046 lb = 1 Kg
16 onzas = 1 lb
ENERGIA
1 erg = 1 dina cm
107 ergs = 1 Joule
4,184 Joules = 1 cal
3,6 * 106 Joules= 1 KW h
3,72505 * 10-7 HP h = 1 Joule
0,73756 lbf ft = 1 Joule
5,12195 * 10-2 ft3 lbf/in2 = 1 Joule
1,1622 * 10 -6 KW = 1 cal/h
3,08595 lbf ft = 1 cal
4,12917 * 10-2 L at = 1 cal
3412,19 BTU = 1 KW h
778 lbf ft = 1 BTU
5.40386 ft3 lbf/in2 = 1 BTU
1.34102 hp hr = 1 KW h
18439.01 ft3 lbf /in2 = 1 KW h
1,98 * 106 lbf ft = 1 HP h
26493,5 L at = 1 HP h
74,7354 lbf ft = 1 L at
0,42665 Kgf in = 1 cal
107,6 Kgf m = 1 BTU
10,5 Kcal = 1 CVAPOR min
32,174 lb = 1 slug
14,594 Kg = 1 slug
1 g/106 g totales = 1 ppm
1 g/109 g totales = 1 ppb
1 Joule = 1 Newton m
9,8067 Joules = 1 Kgf m
0,23901 cal = 1 Joule
2,7778 * 10-7 KW h = 1 Joule
2,605 * 106 Joule = 1 HP h
9,86896 * 10- 3 L at = 1 Joule
252 cal = 1 BTU
1,55856 * 10-6 HP = 1 cal/h
2,14302 * 10-2 ft3 lbf /in2 = 1 cal
1055,04 Joule = 1 BTU
2544,40 BTU = 1 hp hr
0,18505 BTU = 1 ft3 lbf/in2
10,41215 L at = 1 BTU
265,522 * 106 lbf ft = 1 KW h
35528,2 L at = 1 KW h
13750 ft3lbf /in2 = 1 HP h
144 lbf ft = 1 ft3 lbf /in2
0,518996 ft3 lbf /in2 = 1 L at
10,325 Kgf m = 1 L at
0,9863 hp hr = 1 CVAPOR h
33000 lbf ft = 1 HP min
POTENCIA
1 Joule/s = 1 Watt
9,807 Watt = 1 Kgf m/seg
550 lbf ft/seg = 1 HP
745,7 Watt = 1 HP
0,1781 Kcal/seg = 1 HP
76,04 Kgf m/seg = 1 HP
42,4087 BTU/min = 1 HP
641,16 Kcal/h = 1 HP
PRESION
1 Newton/m2 = 1 Pascal (Pa)
1 Pa = 1 Kg/s2m
1 bar = 100 KPa
1 bar = 105 Pa
1 at = 1,01325*105 Pa
1 at = 760 mm Hg
1 Torr = 1 mm Hg
1 at = 1,01325*106 dinas/cm2
144 lbf /ft2 = 1 lbf /in²
14,696 psi = 1 at
14,505 psi = 1 bar
33,93 ft H2O = 1 at
FUERZA
1 dina = 1 g cm/seg2
105 dinas = 1 Newton
2,205 lbf = 1 kgf
1 poundal = 1 lb ft/ seg2
7,233 poundal = 1 Newton
107 erg/seg = 1 Watt
14,34 cal/min = 1 Watt
2,343 cal/seg = 1 Kgf m/seg
1,3410 HP = 1 KW
0,9863 HP = 1 CVAPOR
737,56 lbf ft/seg = 1 KW
56,87 BTU/min = 1 KW
44,25 lbf ft/min = 1 Watt
1,0132 bar = 1 at
1 KPa = 103 Pa
10 dinas/cm2 = 1 Pa
9,8692*10-6 at = 1 Pa
29,921 in Hg = 1 at
1,033 Kgf /cm2 = 1 at
1,0 lbf /in2 = 1 psi
51,7 mm Hg = 1 psi
10,3410 m H2O = 1 at
2117 lbf/ft2 = 1 at
6,8942 Kpa = 1 psi
10,33 m.c.a = 1 at
1 Newton = 1 Kg m/seg2
9,807 Newton = 1 Kgf
9,807 Kg m/seg2 = 1 Kgf
4,448 Newton = 1 lbf
32,174 poundal = 1 lbf
TEMPERATURA
t (ºF) = 1,8 t (ºC) + 32
T (K) = t (ºC) + 273,15
T (R) = 1,8 T (K)
T (K) = t (ºF)/1,8 + 255,4
t (ºC) = T (R)/1,8 – 273,15
TIEMPO
60 min = 1 hora
3600 seg = 1 hr
DENSIDAD (PM = peso molecular)
103 g/L = 1 g/cm3
1728 lb/ft3 = 1 lb/in3
16,02 Kg/m3 = 1 lb/ft3
8,345 lb/gal = 1 g/cm3
515,4 Kg/m3 = 1 slug/ft3
(1000/PM) gmol/L = 1 g/cm3
VISCOSIDAD
1 Poise (P) = 100 centipoise (cP)
1 cP = 1*10-3 Kg/m s
CALOR ESPECIFICO
1 cal/g ºC = 1 cal/g K
1 cal/g ºC = 1 BTU/lb ºF
1 cal/gmol K= 1 BTU/lbmol R
t (ºC) = (t (ºF) - 32)/1,8
T (R) = t (ºC) + 459,67
T (R) = 1.8 t (ºC) + 491,69
t (ºF) = 1.8 T (K) – 459,69
60 seg = 1 min
86400 seg = 1 día
103 Kg/m3 = 1 g/cm3
64,23 lb/ft3 = 1 g/cm3
7,482 lb/ft3 = 1 lb/gal
119,83 Kg/m3 = 1 lb/gal
32,174 lb/ft3 = 1 slug/ft3
(62,43/PM) lbmol/ft3 = 1 g/cm3
1 P = 1 g/cm s
1 Pa∙s = 1 Kg/m s
1 cal/g ºC = 1 Kcal/Kg ºC
1 BTU/lb ºF = 1 BTU/lb R
CONSTANTE UNIVERSAL DE LOS GASES

R = 1,98722 (cal/mol K) = 1,98722 BTU/lbmol R

R = 0,0820578 (L at/mol K) = 0,0820578 (m 3 at/Kmol K)
R = 82,0578 (at cm3/mol K)
R = 8,31451 (Joule/mol K)
R = 10,731 (ft3 (lbf /in2)/lbmol R)
R = 0,7302 (ft3 at/lbmol R)
R = 62,36 (L mm Hg/lbmol K)
R = 1,3144 (ft3 at/lbmol K)
R = 596,19 (ft3 at/mol K)
R = 998,9 (ft3 mm Hg/lbmol K)
R = 554,9 (ft3 mm Hg/lbmol R)
R = 1545 (ft3 (lbf /ft2)/lbmol R)
R = 0,8473 (Kgf m/mol K)

Nota: “mol” se debe interpretar como “g-mol”

PREFIJOS

exa (E) = 1018 deci (d) = 10-1

peta (P) = 1015 centi (c) = 10-2
tera (T) = 1012 mili (m) = 10-3
giga (G) = 109 micro () = 10-6
mega (M) = 106 nano (n) = 10-9
kilo (K) = 103 pico (p) = 10-12
hecto (h) = 102 femto (f) = 10-15
atto (a) = 10-18
DENSIDAD DEL AIRE Y DE GASES

Densidad aire seco a 0ºC y 1 atm. = 1,2929 g/L

= 0,080711 lb/ft3
= 0,04461 gmol/L
= 0,00279 lbmol/ft3

Composición aproximada en volumen (o molar) del aire:

Oxígeno = 21 % v/v Nitrógeno = 79 % v/v

Nota: Se puede emplear la ecuación de gases ideales (PV = nRT) para determinar la densidad () de
gases a bajas y moderadas presiones:
m P  PM
 
V R T

, donde PM: peso molecular del gas (g/mol)

OTROS VALORES Y CONSTANTES

CONSTANTE VALOR UNIDADES

Constante de Boltzmann (k), 1,38065*10-23 J/K J/K

Velocidad de la luz en el vacío 299792,458 m/s m/s
Número de Avogadro (NA) 6,0221418*1023 mol-1

Sobre la Constante Universal de los Gases

La Constante Universal de los gases (R) empleada en la ecuación de gases ideales PV = nRT, se
relaciona con la Constante de Boltzmann (k) y con el Número de Avogadro (N A) mediante la
siguiente expresión:

R  k  N A

Otras conversiones:

1 nudo = 1 milla náutica/h = 1,852 Km/h

(I semestre 2023)