Practice tasks and To do list for FMSE

• Read chapter 2 from the b- method an introduction Steve Schneider

and solve its examples and exercises.
• Read chapter 1 from logic in computer science, related to contents
covered in lecture 4, 5, 6 and 7 and solve relevant exercises.
• Also follow the references and links that were discussed and covered in
lectures. References are mentioned in last 02 slides of each lecture.
• Solve logic puzzles from the book program calculation
Solve these exercises for your practice

Q1. Illustrate your answer by giving two environments, one falsifying, the other
“truthifying”, the following predicate,
∃ x: N • x < y ∧ y − z > x given that y , z : N.
i. Show the evaluation of the following predicate in an environment that maps x to 1
and y to 3. Identify an environment for which the predicate above evaluates to the
opposite truth value
∀z:N•z<y⇒x=y–z
ii. Identify the following statements as a proposition or not. State the reason as well.
a. 2x = 2 + x
b. This book is interesting.
c. z is an even number.
Q2. Consider the logic problem of Portia’s Casket, In Shakespeare’s Merchant of
Venice, Portia had three caskets: gold, silver and lead. Inside one of these caskets
Portia had put her portrait and on each was an inscription. Portia explained to her
suitor that each inscription could be either true or false but on the basis of the
inscriptions he was to choose the casket containing the portrait. If he succeeded he
could marry her. Based on this information solve the following logic puzzle.
Suppose there are two caskets, gold and silver, into one of which Portia placed her
portrait. The inscriptions are: Gold: The portrait is not in here. Silver: Exactly one of
these inscriptions is true. Which casket contains the portrait?

Q3.Formalize the following statements

i. Either our mayor is not trustworthy or not a patriot, yet he is an excellent speller
ii. Use logical equivalences to rewrite each of the sentences
a. My computer crashes when it has been on a long time, and when it’s not the
case that either the air is dry or the moon is not full.
b. The alarm will sound if the door is opened and the override button is not
pushed while the alarm is activated, or if there is motion and it is not the case
that either the override button is pushed or the alarm is not activated.
iii. You are present in the Congressional hearing on the IRAN CONTRA deal. The
following statements were made by REAGAN, BUSH and NORTH (the three
accused in the case) respectively in their testimonies:
REAGAN: BUSH is innocent but NORTH is guilty.
BUSH: I am innocent but one of the other two are guilty.
NORTH: If REAGAN is guilty then so is BUSH.
a. Symbolize the statement made by the three accused.
b. If the innocent spoke the truth and the guilty lied deduce who is innocent and
who is guilty. (Hint: use rules of inference and deduction)
Using the rules of natural deduction
Q4. State whether the following are true or false, where x, y and z range over the
natural numbers.
i. ∀ n .(n ∈ N → ( ∃m. m ∈ N ∧n ≥ m ) ¿
∃ y .( y ∈ N ∧ ∀ x . ( x ∈ N →n < x∗ y ))→(7−2=12)
2
ii.
iii. ∀ n .(n ∈ member ⇒ ∃s .(s ∈ P(member ) ∧ s={}∧ n∉ s ))
iv. serve<next → ( serve ≤ next ) [ serve+1/serve ]
v. z |z∈ N ∧ z <100 ∧∃ m.(m ∈ N ∧m 3=z )