Text 1

The text below has incomplete sentences. Choose the one word or phrase from each number that best completes
the sentences.
Food irradiation is one of the current technologies being implemented to preserve and protect the
nation's food supply. Irradiating food is not a new idea; it first (1)___ the United States during World War II when
the U.S Army supported experiment with fruits vegetables and meat to feed the millions of men and women in
uniform. Scientists (2)___ preserve food without the use of chemical such as pesticides and herbicides. The
irradiation food is a technique(3)___ preserve food and rid it of any unwanted pests and pathogenic organism. The
foods (4)___ limited amounts of ionizing radiation. This use of small amounts of radiation can help (5)___ the
quality of the food supply. Food irradiation is said to be a "cold treatment ," meaning that it raises the temperature
of the food only slightly, (6)___ and structural changes in the food. The irradiation of food can aid in the
elimination of disease-causing pathogens (7)___ as well as aiding in the preservation and extension of the shelf life
of fruits, vegetables, herb, and meat products.
Although the method of food irradiation is a tried and true way to aid in the safety and security of the
nation's food supply, irradiated food is still not (8)___ sold in the United States. (9)___ people hear the world
radiation or anything to do with radiation, their minds instantly conjure up images of nuclear reactor meltdown
such as Chernobyl and Three Mile Island. Large radiation accidents bring illness, death, and despair for many years
after the initial release of nuclear material. Workers at nuclear plant during accidents (10)___ and are often
exposed to massive doses of radiation. Luckily, in the business of food irradiation, nuclear reactors are not part of
the process.
UM UGM 2016

1. (A) begins
(B) begun
(C) is beginning
(D) was begun
(E) began

2. (A) looking at new ways to

(B) looked at new ways for
(C) looked at new ways to
(D) looking for new ways to
(E) looking for new ways for

3. (A) used to
(B) is used to
(C) was using
(D) be used to
(E) was used to

4. (A) is exposed
(B) is being exposed to
(C) are exposing to
(D) are exposed to
(E) are being exposed to
 5. (A) at improving
(B) in improving
(C) for improving
(D) on improvement
(E) in improvement

6. (A) minimal nutrient losses

(B) losing minimal nutrient
(C) loss of minimal nutrient
(D) minimal loss of nutrient
(E) minimizing nutrient losses

7. (A) decreasing illness-bome food

(B) decreasking food-bearing illness
(C) decreasing food-bome illness
(D) to decrease food-bearing illness
(E) to decrease food-bome illness

8. (A) in common
(B) commonly
(C) most common
(D) mostly common
(E) in common with

9. (A) After
(B) Since
(C) When
(D) Before
(E) Although

10. (A) are at risk

(B) are risking
(C) are at the risk
(D) being at the risk
(E) at risking

Text 2
Much has been made the benefits of oil derived from fish. It is claimed that people with a diet
rich in fish oil have a greatly reduced chance of heart disease and arteriosclerosis. In addition, it has
been shown conclusively that people suffering from elevated blood lipids react positively to treatment
using fish oils.
The advantages of fish oil become apparent after studies some two decades ago of the Inuit, or
Eskimo, populations of Greenland – a diet very high in fat – suffered practically no heart disease, had
nearly zero incidence of diabetes, and enjoyed a comparatively low rate of rheumatoid arthritis.
(Interestingly, incidence of cancer, equal to that found in most other parts of the world, appeared
unaffected by the traditional Inuit diet).
Until the work of Dyberg and Bang in the 1970s, little attention was paid to the implication of a
fish-rich diet, despite a centuries-old knowledge of Inuit customs. The two researchers noted that in one
community of 1800 people there were only three hearth attack deaths between 1950 and 1974. To
understand why, they examined the Inuit’s blood lipids and diet. Omega-3 fatty acids featured strongly
in the bloodstream of the research subjects, directly attributable to diet.
In order to role out genetic or racial factors from their findings, Dyberg and Bang went on to
compare the Greenland Inuit communities with those Inuit residing in Denmark, particularly those who
had been there for longer periods, where shown to have higher blood cholesterol levels and significantly
higher serum triglyceride levels compared to their Greenland counterparts. In fact, the level of the
Westernised Inuits matched those of the Danes themselves, who consume mainly meat, milk products
and eggs. As would be expected, levels of heart disease and arteriosclerosis of the Inuit well-establiched
in Denmark were far closer to those of the Danes than those of the Greenland Inuit. The findings,
according to the researchers, indicated an Omega-3 deficiency in the Danish diet compared to the
Greenland diet.
Similar findings come from Japan. A comparison of the diets of farmers and fishermen, together
with an examination of health records and death rates of the two groups, has shown a link between the
health of the human hearth and fish oil. Whereas the average Japanese farmers has 90 grams of fish a
day, the average fisherman has 250 grams. In all other respects, their diet are similar. Correspondingly,
fishermen have lower blood pressure and smaller rates of heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis. This
compares to the 20 grams eaten daily by average person in US, where rates of heart disease and
arteriosclerosis are five to seven times higher than in Japan.
Its high Omega-3 content and easy digestibility make fish oil particularly useful in the treatment
of hyperlipidaemic patients. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between dosage of salmon oil
and plasma triglyceride concentrations. Specifically, it has been found that the consumption of three
grams of salmon oil per day by such patients reduce their plasma triglyceride levels some 32 percent.
For patients given six grams, the levels fall by 41 percent, and for those taking nine grams
concentrations dropped an average of 52 percent.

11.What is the main idea of the text?

(A) Several researches indicates that Greenland Inuits are far healthier than Denmark Inuits
(B) The usefulness of fish oil towards human’s health has been proved by researches
(C) Despite its advantages, researches have successfully indicated fish oil disadvantages
(D) Omega-3 as the useful substance contained in oil fish
(E) Most diseases can be cured by fish oil

12. According to the passage, which of the following statements is not correct?
(A) The Greenland Inuit’s rheumatoid arthritis level are the lowest in the world
(B) Diabetes is rare among the Greenland Inuits
(C) Little was known about Inuit life in Greenland Inuits
(D) Blood cholesterol levels of the Greenland Inuits were lower than those of the Danes
(E) Research in Japan generally supports the findings of Dyberg and Bang with regard to the effect of fish
oil

13. Which of the following diseases is not the one which is affected by the consumption of fish oil ....
(A) hearth disease (C) lung cancer (E) arteriosclerosis
(B) diabetes (D) rheumatoid arthritis
14. According to the passage, fish oil is particularly useful in the treatment of hyperlipidaemic patients
because ....
(A) it has inverse relationship between its dosage and plasma triglyceride concentrations
(B) Omega-3 contains several useful substances needed by human growth
(C) many chronic diseases can only be cured by fish oil
(D) it is almost identical with a diet consumed by Greenland and Denmark Inuits
(E) it has high Omega-3 content and is easily digested

15. The word apparent in second paragraph is closest meaning to ....

(A) blur (C) strong (E) tight
(B) practical (D) obvious

16. Which of the following is not described at the characteristic of Danes Inuit ....
(A) They showed to have higher blood cholesterol level
(B) The level of serum tryglyceride was higher in their blood
(C) Their diet was lack of Omega-3
(D) They consume a lot of meat, milk and dairy product
(E) They were more healthy than Greenland Inuit

17. It can be inferred from Dyberd any Bang research that in order to find out the cause why there was
minor hearth attack deaths between 1950–1878. They investigated ....
(A) Inuit’s blood lipids and diet
(B) Omega-3 fatty acid
(C) Inuit’s genes
(D) Inuit’s racial state
(E) The food that Inuit has eaten

18. From the whole text we can infer that the following diet can support the chance of heart disease and
arteriosclerosis, except ....
(A) meat (C) diary product (E) cheese
(B) sea food (D) egg

19. Farmers in Japan tends to have higher blood pressure and higher rates of heart disease and
rheumatoid arthritis than fishermen because ....
(A) they consume more fish than the fishermen do
(B) they focus their daily diet on sea product
(C) the average person in US consume the same diet as they do
(D) their diets don’t include fish at all
(E) their intake of fish oil is low

20. The word “such patients” in the last paragraph refers to patients ....
(A) with special diseases
(B) who is in the treatment of hyperlipidaemic
(C) with high Omega-3
(D) who has high plasma triglyceride concentrations
(E) who consume much fish