antibiotics

(Part II)
  Cephalosporin is obtained from
filamentous fungus, Cephalosporium
acremonium.
 They are beta lactum antibiotics,
Cephalosporin structurally closed to penicillin.
 MoA is same as pencillin
 Cephalopsporin is classified as 1st, 2nd,
3rd, 4th and 5th generation
Classification of
cephalosporin
  Hypersensitivity: skin rashes, urticarial
and rarely anaphylaxis
 Gastrointestinal distrubances; diarrhoea,
vomting and anorexia
Adverse effects
 Nephrotoxicity
 Disulphiram like reaction
 Pain after i.m. injection
  RTI,UTI and soft tissue infection by gram
negative organism (cefuroxime,
ceftriaxone, cefotaxime)
 Penicillinase producing staph. Infection
 Surgical prophylaxis (1st generation)
 Meningitis (cefotaxime, ceftriaxome)
Uses
 Gonorrhoea (ceftriaxone, drugs of
choice)
 Typhoid (ceftriaxone, cefperazone)
 Hospital acquired infections (cefotaxime
or 4th generation)
  Orally effective 1st generation
cephalosporin
 One of the most commonly used
cephalosporin
Uses
cephalexin
 RTI, UTI, skin and soft tissue infection,
ENT infection
Dose
 250 mg 6-8 hourly
  2nd generation cephalosporin
 Orally active drug, almost identical to
cephalexin but less active against some
organisms.
Cefaclor Uses
 RTI, UTI, soft tissue infection, otitis media
Dose
 250mg, 6-12 hourly
  3rd generation cephalosporin
 Potent against gram negative as well as
Cefotaxime some gram positive organism.
 Promient action for meningitis.
 1. Sensitive gram positive and gram
negative bacterial infection
2. Meningitis
Uses 3. UTI
and 4. Surgical prophylaxis
dose
2gm i.m/i.v, 8-12 hourly
Child dose: 50 -100mg/kg/day
  2nd generation
 Highly active against ampicillin resistant
H. influenza, gram positive cocci and
certain anaerobes.

Cefuroxime
Uses
 Meningitis
 Bone and joint infection
 RTI, UTI
  0.75 – 1.5gm i.m. or i.v 8 hourly
Dose  Child dose: 30 – 100 mg/kg/day