First Responders Training Pres Final

1
FIRST RESPONDERS’ TRAINING

Presentation by City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office of CSFLU
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© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.
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OUR VISION
“A disaster-resilient People’s City, able to withstand extreme
weather conditions with minimum loss of lives and properties,
public and private”
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Table of Contents
01 DRRM Orientation
Risk Profile. RA 10121. 4 Thematic Areas. 4 Components
in CDRRMC Response. CCA
Basic Life Support- CPR

02 Introduction to First Aid & BLS. Emergency Action Principles.
Common Emergencies: Airway & Breathing. Cardiac Emergencies.
CPR Demo & Return Demo
First Aid
Soft Tissue Injuries. Medical and Environmental
03 Emergencies. Special Situations. Bones, Joints, Muscle
Injuries. Bandaging Techniques. Immobilization
Techniques. Lifting & Moving. Spine Board Management
04
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DRRM
ORIENTATION
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RISK PROFILE
Philippines, La Union, City of San Fernando
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RISK PROFILE
Philippines, La Union, City of San Fernando
2 20
Risk to Risk to Climate &
Earthquakes Weather
Disturbances
LA UNION
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San Fernando City is considered as the

REGIONAL and ADMINISTRATIVE capital
of Region 1
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GEOGRAPHICAL PROFILE 8
7%
TOTAL LANDMASS
OF LA UNION
59
TOTAL NUMBER
OF BARANGAYS
125,640
TOTAL POPULATION
2020 CENSUS www.companyname.com
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RISK PROFILE
According to the DRR-Enhanced PDPFP, there are Five (5) Hazards identified in the city
FLOODING
RAIN INDUCED LANDSLIDE
EARTHQUAKE INDUCED LANDSLIDE
LIQUEFACTION
GROUND RUPTURES
“A disaster-resilient People’s City, able to withstand extreme weather conditions

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with minimum loss© 2016of lives
Jetfabrik and properties,
Multipurpose public and private.”
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10
RISK PROFILE
Rain Induced Landslide Susceptibility
VULNERABILITY
81%
of the city’s total land area is
vulnerable to rain-induced
landslides with at least 37
barangays and 36.021km
road length being affected
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RISK PROFILE
DISASTER RISK HAZARD ASSESSMENT
Earthquake Induced Landslide
VULNERABILITY
27%
of the city’s total barangays
are vulnerable to earthquake
induced landslide. In addition,
a total of 79.772 sq. km of the
city’s total land area is
exposed
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RISK PROFILE Liquefaction
DISASTER RISK HAZARD ASSESSMENT VULNERABILITY
28.9%
Out of the 59 barangays will
mostly be affected by
liquefaction when an
earthquake occurs especially
along the coastal areas.
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Liquefaction Map © 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.
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RISK PROFILE Ground Shaking
VULNERABILITY
7.2 mag
As a result of a simulation of a
7.2 magnitude earthquake at
the Tubao Fault, most parts of
the city will experience PEIS 7
while some will experience
PEIS 6 which means
destructive and very strong
ground movement
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RISK PROFILE Storm Surge
VULNERABILITY
Low-high
Having barangays situated
near the coast, the city is not
spared of the risk of a storm
surge. The City has low to
high susceptibility to storm
surges
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SUSCEPTIBILITY
RESIDENTIAL
10.74 hectares with high risk, and 23.18 hectares with moderate
risk, out of 449.032 hectares residential area in urban
barangays; 1.623 hectares residential area for rural barangays
with moderate risk to flooding; 5.52.hectares have high risk and
6.13 hectares with moderate risk to landslides
AGRICULTURAL
12.35 hectares, 97.128 hectares, and 7.467 hectares classified
as high, moderate and low risks to flooding in urban zone while
17.821 hectares and 24.899 hectares as moderates and low
risks in the rural area; 1119.5 hectares, 1992.5 hectares, and
550.755 hectares as high moderate and low risks to landslides
in the rural area
INSTITUTIONAL
0.549 hectares, 1.882 hectares, and 1.177 hectares included as
high, moderate and low risk to flooding in the urban area; 1.484
hectares and 1.478 hectares with moderate and low risk to
landslides
COMMERCIAL
6.435 hectares, 13.419 hectares, and 0.347 hectares with high,
moderate and low risks to flooding in the urban area
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TOURISM
0.005 hectares and 1.678 hectares exposed to high and

moderate flooding in the urban area
TIMBERLAND
600.626 hectares and 14.254 hectares with high and moderate

risk to landslides in the rural area
INFRASTRUCTURE
1.261 hectares of land exposed to low risk flooding located in

Barangay San Francisco
ECOTOURISM
104.195 hectares and 6.531 hectares have moderate and low

susceptibility to landslides in the rural upland area
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The
Philippine
Disaster
Risk
Reduction
and
Manageme
PARADIGM SHIFTS nt Act of
IN DRRM
2010
(Republic
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Act 10121)
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“An act strengthening the Philippine

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
System providing for the National Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management
Framework and Institutionalizing the
National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Plan, appropriating funds
therefor and for other purposes”
— RA 10121 (May 27, 2010)

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The Shift
PD 1566 RA 10121
June 11, 1978 May 27, 2010
National Disaster National Disaster Risk

Coordinating Reduction
Council and
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Council
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The Shift
THEN NOW
BOTTOM-UP PARTICIPATORY
TOP-DOWN CENTRALIZED
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
AND MANAGEMENT
DISASTERS AS REFLECTION
DISASTERS AS FUNCTION OF
OF PEOPLE’S
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
VULNERABILITY
FOCUS ON DISASTER INTEGRATED APPROACH TO

RESPONSE REDUCE DISASTER RISK
REACTIVE PROACTIVE
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Coordination Levels during Emergencies
Responsible Criteria
Barangay DRRM
1 Barangay Affected
Committee
City/ Municipal DRRM 2 or More Barangays

Council Affected
2 or More Cities/
Provincial DRRM Council
Municipalities Affected
2 or More Provinces
Regional DRRM Council
Affected
2 or More Regions
National DRRM Council
Affected
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Prevention &
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Rehabilitation
FOUR DRRM & Recovery
THEMATIC AREAS
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DRRM Thematic Areas
Disaster Disaster Disaster Rehab &

Preparedness Response Recovery
Disaster Prevention & Mitigation
Establish and Provide life Restore and
Avoid hazards and mitigate their strengthen preservation and improve facilities
capacities of meet the basic and living
potential impacts by reducing communities to conditions and
subsistence needs
vulnerabilities and exposure and anticipate, cope of affected capacities of
and recover population based affected
enhancing capacities of communities from the communities, and
on acceptable
negative impacts standards during reduce risks in
of emergency or immediately accordance with
after a disaster the “building back
better” principle
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Disaster Prevention & Mitigation
Development of alarm and Implementation of safety

early warning systems standards
Nationwide flood
Engineering
forecasting and
interventions
monitoring
Flood control structures

Geo-hazard mappings
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Disaster Preparedness
Organizing, training and

Contingency planning equipping responders and
volunteers
Prepositioning of Conduct of training and

equipment drills
Enhancement of
operation/
coordination centers
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Disaster Response
Conduct of Pre-Disaster Risk Humanitarian assistance &

Assessment Financial Assistance
Issuance of advisories
Activation of Clusters
and situation reports
Management of
SRR operations using
evacuation centers
ICS
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Disaster Rehabilitation & Recovery
Conduct of Post-Disaster
Needs Assessment Resettlement
Review of DRRM Provision of new

plans sources of livelihood
Reconstruction and
improvement of
houses, buildings,
facilities (“build back
better”)
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FIRST AID
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What is FIRST AID?
includes self-
help and home injured or
care if medical suddenly taken ill
assistance is not
available or immediate
delayed care
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Roles & Responsibilities
Bridge that fills the gap
between the victim and the
physician
- It is not intended to compete Summon advanced
with, or take the place of the medical care as needed.
services of the physician.
- It ends when the services of a
physician begin. Assist advanced
personnel
Ensure safety of him /
herself and that of
bystanders.
Provide needed care for
the patient
Gain access to the
victim.
Record all findings and

Determine any threats
care given to the patient.
to patient’s life.
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Objectives of First Aid
01
To alleviate suffering
02 To prevent added/ further injury
03 To prolong life
04
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Disease Transmission
01 DIRECT CONTACT
02 INDIRECT CONTACT
03 AIRBORNE
04 DROPLET
05 VECTORBORNE
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BODY SUBSTANCE ISOLATION
Basic Precautions & Practices

DEFINITION
Personal Protective Equipment
Are precautions taken to isolate or
Hygiene Equipment Cleaning
prevent risk of exposure from any
and
other type of bodily substance.
Disinfecting
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Basic First Aid Kit
 Rubbing alcohol  Forceps
 Povidone Iodine  Bandage
 Cotton (Triangular)
 Gauze pads  Elastic roller
 Tongue depressor bandage
 Penlight  Occlusive dressing
 Band aid
 Plaster
 Gloves
 Scissors
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BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

C A R D I O - P U L M O N A RY R E S U S C I TAT I O N
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What is BASIC LIFE SUPPORT?
Includes recognizing
respiratory or cardiac performed to assist
arrest or both and in the immediate
the proper survival of a patient
application of CPR to
maintain life until a Emergency
victim recovers or procedure
advanced life support
is available
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BACKGROUND/ RATIONALE
Bystander Early Heart

80% of cardiac arrest CPR = vital resuscitatio diseases
occurs outside hospital. interventio n(within 1-2 being the
n before minutes) most
arrival of can result common
emergency in >60% cause of
services survival death
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CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
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EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
01 Getting Started &

Scene Size Up
02 Primary Survey
03 Secondary Survey
04
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If you
FAIL to
PLAN,
you
GETTING STARTED &
SCENE SIZE UP PLAN to
FAIL
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Getting Started
Planning of actions. “what if?”
Set up all equipment “always ready to

use”
All Responder should have personal

protective equipment
Initial response:
- Ask for Help
- Intervene
- Do no further harm
Instruction to helper/s
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Scene Size Up
Check Scene Safety
Nature of Illness or Mechanism of Injury?
Number of victims involved?
Additional resources needed
Do I need backup for scene safety?
Triage and Tagging
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TRIAGE & TAGGING
(minor (delayed), Their

(expectant)
treatment) condition is
stable for the are used for
are reserved the deceased
(immediate) are used to label those moment and,
for the they are not in and for those
who cannot survive without “walking woun immediate whose injuries
immediate treatment but who have ded" who will danger of death. are so
a chance of survival. PRIORITY 1 need medical These victims will extensive that
care at some still need hospital they will not be
point, after care and would
able to survive
be treated
more critical given the care
immediately
injuries have under normal that is
been treated. circumstances. available.
PRIORITY 3 PRIORITY 2
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Check
for
Signs of
PRIMARY SURVEY Life
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PRIMARY SURVEY
Coughing
Breathing
CHECK FOR CHECK FOR Movement
CONSCIOUSNESS CHECK AIRWAY
SIGNS OF LIFE
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ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE (AMA) 0R 46
TRANSFER FACILITY
Depending on the Situation:
A bystanders should make the telephone

call for help (if available).
A bystander will be requested to call

for a physician
Somebody will be asked to arrange

for transfer facility.
Care First or Call First. (Lone Rescuer)

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TRANSFER FACILITY
If a lone responder:
 CALL FIRST (Activate Medical CARE FIRST (provide first aid for 1-2
Assistance before providing care) If: minutes and then call fast) If:
- An unconscious adult victim or - An unconscious victim less than 8
child 8 years old or older. years old;
- An unconscious infant or child - Cardiac Arrest in children known to be
known to be at a high risk for heart at high risk of arrhythmias
problems. - Any victim of submersion or near
drowning
- Any victim of arrest associated with
trauma
- Any victim of drug overdose
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TRANSFER FACILITY
Information to be remembered in activating medical assistance:
Extent of injury and First Aid given?

 The telephone number from where
What happened?
 Location? you are calling?
 Number of persons injured?  Person who activated medical
assistance must identify him/herself
and drop the phone fast.
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More
thorough
assessment
of client’s
SECONDARY condition
SURVEY
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SECONDARY SURVEY
INTERVIEW THE VICTIM CHECK VITAL SIGNS

- Pulse Rate
- Ask victim’s name - Respiratory Rate PERFORM HEAD-TO-
- Ask what happened - Temperature
TOE ASSESSMENT
- Blood Pressure
- Assess the SAMPLE - Skin Appearance
History - Pupil Reaction
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SAMPLE HISTORY
Signs & Symptoms

Past Medical History
Allergies
Last Oral Intake
Medications Events prior to the

episode
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Most
Common
Cause of
CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH
DISEASE
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NON-MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS
HEREDITY AGE GENDER
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MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS
01 CIGARETTE SMOKING
02 LACK OF EXERCISE
03 OBESITY
ELEVATED
04 STRESS
05 CHOLESTEROL 05 DIABETES MELLITUS
05 HYPERTENSION
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It occurs when the

oxygen supply to the
heart muscle
(myocardium) is cut-off
for a prolonged period
of time. This cut-off
results from a reduced
blood supply due to
severe narrowing or
complete blockage of
HEART ATTACK the diseased artery.
(MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION The result is death
(infarction) of the
affected part of the
heart.
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SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
01 CHEST DISCOMFORT
02 SWEATING
03 NAUSEA
SHORTNESS OF
04 BREATH 05 TINGLING SENSATION
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FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
Have patient
stop what he Have
or she is If patient is
Recognize the signals of heart doing and sit someone call under medical
or lie the physician care, assist,
attack and take action.
down in a or ambulance him/her in
comfortable for taking his/her
position. Do prescribe
help. medicine/s
not let the
patient
move
around.
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Blockage of the
upper airway
which prevents
a person from
breathing
FOREIGN BODY effectively.
AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
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COMMON CAUSES
CHILDREN HAND TO RUNNING WHILE

01 MOUTH STAGE LEFT
UNATTENDED
02 EATING 03 IMPROPER CHEWING
EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL PRESENCE OF

04 INTAKE 05 DENTURES
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TYPES OF OBSTRUCTION 60
1.Mild Obstruction - with 2. Severe Obstruction - with

good air exchange poor or no air exchange
Mgt: Encourage Coughing Mgt: Back Blows, Abdominal

Thrusts, Chest Thrusts
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Cardiac Arrest is
the condition in
which circulation
ceases and vital
organs are
deprived of
oxygen.
CARDIAC ARREST & CPR is the

C A R D I O P U L M O N A RY R E S U S C I TAT I O N combination of
chest
compression and
ventilation
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CRITERIA FOR NOT STARTING CPR 62
The patient has a valid “Do The patient has signs of

Not Attempt Resuscitation” irreversible death
(DNAR) order.
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WHEN TO STOP CPR
TURNED OPERATOR is PHYSICIAN

OVER to already assumes
SPONTANEOUS signs of circulation medical exhausted responsibility
services or and cannot (declares
are restored
properly continue CPR death, take
trained over, etc.)
and
authorized
personnel
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SEQUENCE IN PERFORMING CPR
CHECK
01 SURVEY THE SCENE
02 RESPONSIVENESS 03 CHECK AIRWAY
CHECK FOR SIGNS OF START CPR IF WITH PLACE IN RECOVERY

04 LIFE FOR NO MORE
THAN 10 SECONDS
05 NO SIGNS OF LIFE 06 POSITION IF VICTIM
HAS SIGNS OFLIFE
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Wound is a
break in the
continuity
of a tissue
of the body
WOUND either
CARE internal or
external.
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TWO TYPES OF WOUNDS 71
1.Closed Wound - involves 2.Open Wound - a break in the

the underlying tissue skin or mucus membrane or the
without break/damage in the
protective skin layer is damage.
skin or mucous membrane.
First Aid Management

C - Cold Application Puncture Abrasion Laceration Avulsion
S - Splinting
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FIRST AID MANAGEMENT FOR OPEN WOUNDS 72
COVER WITH
CONTROL DRESSING & CARE FOR CONSULT
BLEEDING SECURE WITH SHOCK PHYSICIAN
BANDAGE
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Any damage to
your body is an
injury. Injuries
can be caused
by accidents or
SPECIFIC acts of violence,

and may occur
BODY INJURIES at home, work,
or play.
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SPECIFIC BODY INJURIES 77
Blows to the Eye
Chemical Burns
Foreign Object
Nose Injuries www.companyname.com

SPECIFIC BODY INJURIES 78
Impaled Objects
Amputations
Sucking Chest Wound
Abdominal Injuries
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FIRST AID
MANAGEMENT
 Check the victims

sign of life (if
unconscious)
 Keep the victim still
 If there is bleeding,
DISLOCATION & cover and control
bleeding
BROKEN BONES  Immobilize the
affected part
 Get medical help
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Signs and Symptoms of

Shock:
 Face – pale or
cyanotic in color.
 Skin – cold and
clammy.
 Breathing – irregular.
 Pulse – rapid and
FAINTING weak.
 Nausea and vomiting
SHOCK  Weakness
 Thirsty
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First Aid Management
1. Proper Body Position.
2. Proper Body Heat 3. Proper Transfer

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Signs and Symptoms of

Shock:
•Altered mental status.
•History of ingesting
poisons.
•Burns around the mouth.
INGESTED •Odd breath odors.

•Nausea, vomiting.
POISON •Abdominal pain.

•Diarrhea
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FIRST AID MANAGEMENT 83
Try to identify the poison. Place the victim on

01 Call the National Poison
Control Center.
02 his or her left side. 03 Monitor ABCs
Save any vomitus and

Save any empty keep it with the victim
04 container, spoiled
food for analysis
05 if he or she is taken to
an emergency facility.
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Occurs when the

body can no longer
control its
temperature: the
body’s temperature
rises rapidly, the
HEAT sweating
mechanism fails,
STROKE and the body is
unable to cool
down.
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caused by
torn fibers in
SPRAIN a ligaments
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FIRST AID MANAGEMENT FOR CLOSED WOUNDS 88
Remove all
Apply cold Immobilize, Seek Medical
clothing or
compress at Rest and Help if
jewelry
once. Elevate the needed.
around the
affected joint.
joint.
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QUESTIONS?
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THANK YOU!
YOUR PARTNER IN RESILIENCE-BUILDING
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SKILLS DEMONSTRATION
B A N D A G I N G , PAT I E N T C A S U A LT Y H A N D L I N G , S P L I N T I N G & S P I N E B O A R D M A N A G E M E N T
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BANDAGING 92
• Square Knot
• Open phase
>wound at the top of the head
• Cravat
 Wound at the fore head

 Wound at arm,fore arm thigh, leg
• Immobilization
 Arm sling
 Shoe on and shoe off
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First Responders Training Pres Final

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1

FIRST RESPONDERS’ TRAINING

Basic Life Support- CPR

San Fernando City is considered as the

RAIN INDUCED LANDSLIDE

EARTHQUAKE INDUCED LANDSLIDE

“A disaster-resilient People’s City, able to withstand extreme weather conditions

DISASTER RISK HAZARD ASSESSMENT VULNERABILITY

0.005 hectares and 1.678 hectares exposed to high and

600.626 hectares and 14.254 hectares with high and moderate

1.261 hectares of land exposed to low risk flooding located in

104.195 hectares and 6.531 hectares have moderate and low

“An act strengthening the Philippine

— RA 10121 (May 27, 2010)

National Disaster National Disaster Risk

FOCUS ON DISASTER INTEGRATED APPROACH TO

City/ Municipal DRRM 2 or More Barangays

Disaster Disaster Disaster Rehab &

Development of alarm and Implementation of safety

Flood control structures

Organizing, training and

Prepositioning of Conduct of training and

Conduct of Pre-Disaster Risk Humanitarian assistance &

Review of DRRM Provision of new

Record all findings and

02 To prevent added/ further injury

Basic Precautions & Practices

BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

Bystander Early Heart

01 Getting Started &

Set up all equipment “always ready to

All Responder should have personal

Nature of Illness or Mechanism of Injury?

Number of victims involved?

Additional resources needed

Do I need backup for scene safety?

Triage and Tagging

(minor (delayed), Their

Depending on the Situation:

A bystanders should make the telephone

A bystander will be requested to call

Somebody will be asked to arrange

Care First or Call First. (Lone Rescuer)

Extent of injury and First Aid given?

INTERVIEW THE VICTIM CHECK VITAL SIGNS

Signs & Symptoms

Medications Events prior to the

HEREDITY AGE GENDER

It occurs when the

CHILDREN HAND TO RUNNING WHILE

EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL PRESENCE OF

1.Mild Obstruction - with 2. Severe Obstruction - with

Mgt: Encourage Coughing Mgt: Back Blows, Abdominal

CARDIAC ARREST & CPR is the

The patient has a valid “Do The patient has signs of

TURNED OPERATOR is PHYSICIAN

CHECK FOR SIGNS OF START CPR IF WITH PLACE IN RECOVERY

1.Closed Wound - involves 2.Open Wound - a break in the

First Aid Management

SPECIFIC acts of violence,

Blows to the Eye

Nose Injuries www.companyname.com

Sucking Chest Wound