Chap 3: Ajusting Accouts (tài khoản điều chỉnh)

1.4.19 firm A purchased Insurance 3600 for 3 years paid = cash

I. The accounting period: (Chu kỳ kế toán)

Accounting period – bé hơn 1 năm -> interim report (1, 3, 6 month)
- 1 năm -> annual report (1 year)
+ Calendar year (năm dương lịch) (1.1. X – 31.12. X) *Note
+ Fiscal year (năm tài khóa) (1.7. X – 30.6. X+1)
+ Natural business year (the lawest point)

Vd: Firm A purchase Insurance 3600, for 3 years paid cash

Firm A in US Firm A in US
I.4.19 Dr prepaid ins 3600
Cr cash 3600

31.2.19 used 9 month = 900 used 4 month = 300

I. Acctual Basis vs Cash Basis

Acctual: Doanh thu chỉ được ghi nhận khi hoàn thành cung cấp dịch vụ mà kh
cần đến cash và chi phí được ghi nhận khi...
Cash Basis: doanh thu chỉ được ghi nhận khi cash thu về, chi phí chỉ được ghi
nhận khi cash bỏ ra.

Vd; 1.3.19 firm A bought Insurance 5400 for 3 years, paid = cash
I. Prepaid Insurance
I.3.19 Dr prepaid Insurance $5400
Cr Cash $5400
Adjusting entry 31.12.19: used 1 month = $5400/36 month = $150
used 10 month = $1500
31.12.19 Dr Insurance Expense $1500
Cr prepaid Insurance $1500
Balance prepaid Insurance = $5400 – $1500 = $3900 Dr
 II. Supplies:
1.2.2009, firm A bought supplies 9720
31.12.2009, firm A checked on hand 8670 supplies
Used supplies: 9720 – 8670 = 1050
1.2.2009, Dr supplies 9720
Cr cash 9720
31.12.2009 Dr Supplies Expense 1050
Cr Supples 1050
Balance of supplies 8670 <Dr>

Vd: 1.3.19, firm A purchase supplies $12000, on account

31.12.19, firm A check and realized $2000 supplies that was
used

1.3.19 Dr Supplies $12000

Cr Acc payable $12000
31.12.19 Dr Supplies Expense $2000
Cr Supplies $2000
Balance of supplies $10000 <Dr>
III. Depreciation Expense: Chi phí khấu hao
Using equipment, machine, vehicle,....
-> Depreciation Expense
Depreciation Expense (years) or (month) = (Asset cost – Salvage Value)/Useful life (years) or (month)
Giá trị còn lại

Depreciation Expense years = (26000 – 8000)/4 years = 4500

Vd:
1.12.09 Dr equipment 26000
Cr Cash 26000
31.12.09 Used 1 month equipment
Depreciation expense 1 month: (26000-8000)/4/12 = 375
31.12.09 Dr depreciation expense 375
Cr Accumulated Depreciation – Equipment 375

Salvage value: Residual Value, Remainning value, to be sold at price

 1.08.09 Dr machine $14000
Cr Acc payable $14000
31.12.09 Used 5 month machine
Depreciation Expense 1 month:($14000-$2000)/(5*12) = 200
Depreciation Expense 5 month: $200.5 = $1000
31.12.09 Dr depreciation expense $1000
Cr Accumulated Depreciation – Machine $1000
IV. Unearned Revenue:
1.3.09, Firm A signed a contract $12000 cash to provide service from
1.4.09 – 31.3.10 (12 months)
1.3.09 Dr cash $12000
Cr Unearned Revenue $12000
31.12.09 provided 9 month -> Revenue 9 months
12000 – 12
9000 – 9 -> (9*12000)/12
31.12.09 Dr unearned R 9000
Cr Revenue 9000
Balance of Unearned R= 12000 – 9000 = 3000
V. Accrued Expense: (sài rồi mà chưa trả tiền)
- Salary $70/day -> Friday
- 31/12/09 Wednesday
- 26/12/09: last payment
- 26 – 31/12: 3 days: 3*70 = 210
31.12.09 Dr Accrued Expense (salary) 210
Cr Salary payable 210
VI. Accrued Revenue (cung cấp rồi nhưng chưa nhận tiền)
Dr Acc receivable
Cr Accrued Revenue
VII. Profit Margin (tỷ số lợi nhuận biên)
Profit Margin = Net income/Net sales
Tỉ số càng to Net imcome càng có lợi